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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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^^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


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D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


D 


Couverture  endommagAe 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurte  #t/ou  pellicul6e 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


D 


n 


n 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  init  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
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mais,  lorsque  cela  (fttait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
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I      I    Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  de  couldur 


□    Pages  damaged/ 
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I      I    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 


D 


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Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
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Pages  detached/ 
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I  I  Pages  detached/ 

I  I  Showthrough/ 

I  I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I  I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

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Ce  document  est  filmA  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


M  I  M  M  11/ 


12X 


10X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


tails 

du 
odifier 

une 
mage 


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Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 

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The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ♦■  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
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right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  film*  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gAnArositi  da: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Cnlumbiii 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  At*  reproduites  avac  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettetA  de  l'exemplaire  filmA,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimAe  sont  filmAs  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  tbrminant  soit  par  la 
derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmis  en  commen^ant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ♦-  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie   "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film^s  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  sup^rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  6  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n6cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m^thode. 


rrata 
o 


lelure, 
1  d 


3 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

iT,'' 


SEAL  AND  SALMON  FISHERIES 


AND 


GENEKAL  RESOURCES 


OF 


A.LASKA. 


I^    I^'OHni    VOTA  MES. 
VOLUME  I. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVEKNMKNT    T'KTXTINCi    OFFICE. 
1898. 


RKPOli 


In  thk  TTot'se  of  RkPRKSFA'TATIVES,  March  ,'?,  7,<f9'7. 


tevs  pertaining  t..  the  Territory  of  Alaska  ;  3,000  eopi.'H  t..  bo  printed,  ol  "hich 
Hball  1)6  for  tlie  nse  of  the  Senate,  1,500  for  the  Honse  of  Kepresentiitiv..s,  mikI  the 
roniainin"-  750  eoi)ic8  for  the  nse  of  the  Treusuiy  Departuieut  and  other  Depart 
n.ents  whose  reports  are  thus  printed.  ^    McDowell,  CUrl: 

In  Till'.  Senate  of  the  rNiTEi)  States,  Mnrch  11,  ISOG. 
Ilesohed    That  the  Senate  agree  to  the  foregoing  resolntion  of  the  House  of  K'epre- 
-^;^«-  WM.  K.  cox.  SeeMary. 


II 


■ch  c,  ison. 

Ill'  .Secretary 

l('S])()lltlt'IlCO, 

lent,  or  other 
1(1  other  innt- 
of  which  T.IO 
vcs,  Mild  the 
ther  Depart 

KM,,  CUrk. 

ch  11,  !S;)0. 
use  of  IJi'pre- 

;.  Secniai-ji. 


KKl'dRTS  ON  CONDlTinX  OF  SKAL  LIFH  (l\  TIIH  PHfRILOF  ISLANlKS  BY 

SPPX'IAL  TREASURY  ACKNTS  IN  CIIAIKiE,  AXP  OTHERS, 

FROM    UK)!!   Til    111!).').    liOTll    IXCLISIVE. 


WITH 


COMMENTS  TIIKHKDN.  IN  TIIK  iJiillT  (IF  SUBSEUUEiNT 
SITKNTIFK    !NVE.<TI(iATI(JN. 


HT 


DAVID    STARH    JORDAN. 


435^ 


L 
K 


TABLE  OF  CONTEN^I^S. 


rrcfatory  iiotn ....,,  f 

l'r(>tecti<in  of  rookeries  from  iiinnnulcrs,  by  {.'iipt.  W.  A.  Howard ,,,  % 

lliibits  of  Heals,  liy  Hiram  Krtchiim,  ,jr.,  ((illcctor  of  riistdiiiH ,,,,,  \ 

StatiHti<N  of  fiir-senl  trado  for  18(')!l,  by  .loliii  'I'.  >irl,eaii,  Spuciul  Agt-ijl,  '%f^~»t^■ 

iiry  Di'iPiu'tmciit ,,,,,,  S 

AIV;iirs  cm  w,:\\  islamls  ill  1870,  by  Lieut.  W.  It.  U.-iriK^H,  l{.  ('.  S ,  . \% 

l{i'])(irt.s  f()ryi'ar»lH70-lH77,  by  Cliiirles  Hrvaut,  Sjjcciiil  A^friit.'l'reuniiry  t/^-l/vM 

mciit ....'. ir.. L'i.-':i. :f.->. :jii.  ii;. .v. «;i., /.'*>,?*>,» 

IJeportH  fiiry(,MrHl870aii(n871,l)y  S.  N.  Hiiynit/ky.of  tlie'l'M-nwiiiy  |i<-|»aM«4>  n%,  \tk,/A 
KcimrlH  for  vcarH  1871-]87."i,  by  Saniiiel  Falconer,  A.s.sint:iiit  'i'ri'UHiiiy  .\%ifit\  /i, 

All'iiirs  of  iiativeH,  seal   islaiidtt,  by   II.    W.  l^lllott,   SixmImI    Aj{<'Iii,  'ly^-^n^ny 

lioiiartmciit ,,,,  SI 

CliiiracteiiHtics  of  fur  sea's,  by  Sainui'l  I'iilcoiier,  Assistnnl  'rrcaf-iiiy  Ajtif^jt  ,,  Tf% 
Maii;i;;i'iiii"iit  of  alliiirs  on  ,"^t.  (i"orf;o  Island,  by  William  .1.  Mclnlyj*;,  )>^im*m\ 

Auont,  Treasury  Doiuirtmeut '   ,,,,  '^,  W 

Criticism  of  Special  Af;cnt  Ifryant's  rejiorts ,.-■,,  Ki 

I{e)iortH  for  years  1877  and  1878,  by  ,1.  11.  Moulton,  Assistaiit  Treasury  Alf*«lt.  f*f, 

Kei)orts  for  years  1877  and  1878,  by  ,J.   M.   Morton,  Special  Ai(<-ut,'iit^im*irjit 

Departmcn't VUfUltt,  113 

Reports   for  years   i87!t-188i!,  by  Harrison  (i.  Otis,  Speci:il   \';i«u\,'i'tf4*iity 

Dejiartiiicut 111.  11(>,  125.  \T,.\2Ki:U,H\,\^ 

Kepoits  for  years  1882-1884.  by  Houry  A.  (ilidden,  .Spi'ciul  A jreiit. '/>'-«*«*,. 

l)fl)iirtnicn't '. .' jr>|,  ('.',  |^i(,  IfiT 

IJcpnit  by  (icorge  Wardnian,  Assistant  'I'n'asnry  A^ent (ftj: 

IvcjKUts  for  years  1885-1888,  by  Georf^e  K.  Tinjrle,  Siii'ci:il   Aj^ent.  'I'y'^^'it^ 

Department ." 171,  17.'>.  IW,  im,-:art,^^ 

lie))ort  for  year  1885,  by 'I'.  1".  1,'yan,  Assistiinf  I'reiisury  A;;ent .,,-,,       t>^ 

Keporls  for  years  1889  and  189(1,  by  Cliarles  ,1.  (Joll',  iSpc  ial  Aiifiit,T)fM*fttJ 

Dejiartment .' 'JttX»,7m 

Keport  for  year  1889,  by  A.  1'.  i'joud.  Assistant  Treiisury  Afjent .,,,,.,       '£St 

Kei)ort  for  year  1889.  by,).  I'.  Manelicstcr,  Assistiiut 'I  reasiiry  Aj^ent ...,,,      257 

Keportsfor  years  1>'90-189:{,  by  .losepb  Murray.  Assistant  Treasury  .\%^nt.,  .,,     2KW, 

Keporls  for  years  1890-1893,  by  .V.  W.  Laycuder,  .Vssistant  Treasury  Kpisiii   ,,,     /W, 

Reports  fur  years  18  0-189L',  by  S.  If.  Nettleton,  Assistant  Treasury  KjiniA,,  'jKH.  XII 
Keiiorts  foryears  1891  and  1892,  by  W.  II.  Williams,  Special  Ageut,  'I'lf.Hf^Htf 

Dei)aitnieut ' i7J,^»)^)',»>» 

Report  for  1892,  by  ,1.  Stanley-Brown,  Special  Audit,  Treasury  KejiartWiewH ... ,       %i(i 

Statistics  of  seals'  taken  lor  all  imrposes,  1870-18^9   ,,,,  yM^ViJ 

l;e))ort  for  18!i;i.  by  ,1.  15.  Crowley,  .Special  .\gent,  Treasuiy  Department  ,,,,,  |^ 
Re])ort  for  1893.  by  Lieut.  1).  .1.  Ainsworth,  Aetiii'.?  Special  A^ent,  T«v»«iiii»y 

Department ,^,, ,,      i\6 


ni:i"onTs  khom  aciknts,  oi'I''icf,I{s,  and  otiii:hs  in  REt.ATioN  'It)  THK  >:/tvtfttiif!t 
OF  sr.Ai.  i.iiK  ON  riii';  puikii.oi'  islands  and  i'ki.agic  skai.inc;  jjt  tHif,  ifHAttn 
1893-1895. 

Letter  of  the  Acting  Secretary  of  tlie  Treasury  transmitting  rp])ort«  Ut  tU*: 

Senate ,,,,       |,|7 

Rejiort  on  condition  of  the  fur  seals  of  tlie  I'ribilof  Islands,  by  <JliaiU>w  H, 

Hamlin.  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury , .,,       iW 

Rejiorts  for  1891  and  1895,  by  .1.  1!.  Crowley,  Special  .Vgent.  Treasury  J>«|*«r(U 

luent '. ". trA,m 


Appen<lix,  by  l>;.'vid  Starr  .loidan  and  George  Archibald  Clark. .. 


191 


Th 
extei 
of  op 
to  ne 

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of  Fi 
fortl 
to  ea 
(lixei 


PREFATORY  NOTE. 


TllEASUEY  DEPAUTMENT, 

Office  of  the  Seoretart, 
Washington,  D.  C,  November  15,  1897. 
Tlio  documents  contained  in  this  volume,  and  the  others  which  follow, 
extending  over  a  jjcriod  of  twenty-seven  years,  contain  some  statements 
of  opinion  wliich  in  the  light  of  more  extended  investigations  are  found 
to  need  correction  or  qualification. 

In  view  of  this  fact,  Dr.  David  Starr  Jordan,  Commissioner  in  charge 
of  Fur  Seal  Investigations,  and  Mr.  George  Archibald  Clark,  Secretary 
for  the  Fur  Seal  Commission,  were  requested  to  prepare  an  Appendix 
to  each  volume  which  shall  contain  desirable  corrections.  These  appen- 
dixes appear  at  the  end  of  the  several  volumes. 

L.  J.  Gage,  Secretary. 


ANNUAL  U'Kl'OltTS 


In    IIIK 


TUKASURY  DKI'AKTMMNT  15V  SI'KCIAL  AIM-NTS  IN  CIIAIUiK  OF 
SKAL  ISLANDS,  ANJ)  OTHERS, 

ON  THE  CONDITION,  ETC.,  OI'  THE  HEAL  KOOKEKIES,  I'lCllllLUF  IHLANl'S, 
FROM  1«(J8  TO  1H!)5,  UOTH  INCLUSIVE. 


186H. 
Vajit.  W.  A.  Hoirurd:  I'roteotion  of  UonkcrivH  from  MarauikrH, 

WAsiiiNfnoN,  I).  C,  April  Ki,  JSt.s. 

Siu:  Depredations  are  beiiifj  committed  on  the  ontcr  Aleutian,  St. 
Paul,  St.  (ieoifjc,  and  St.  Mattliews  islands,  of  Alaskii,  in  the  killinjx 
indisca'iminately  and  out  of  season  tiie  sea  otter  and  far  seals  of  those 
islands.  A  vessel  has  recently  arrived  at  San  Francisco  with  1(»,()00 
Hkins  on  board. 

Indis(;rinunate  slau^jfliter  (and  the  common  use  of  lirenrms)  out  of 
season  will  annihilate  in  a  very  sliort  [jcriod  tins  timid  and  very  val- 
uable race  of  animals.  It  will  be  borne  in  mind  tiiese  aniiimls  have 
been  driven  from  tiie  coast  of  California  to  this  '•  ultima  tinde,''  and  if 
driven  farther  north  (which  they  must  no)  they  will  perish,  as  nature 
intended  them  for  a  mikhu'  climate  than  they  at  jjresent  inhabit. 

Since  they  have  been  domiciled  in  that  region  (Alaska)  they  liavo 
been  protected  by  the  initives  and  tiie  Russian  American  Fur  Company, 
and  have  largely  increased.  None  l)ut  the  males  of  •  crtain  age  and 
in  a  certiain  condition  have  been  slaughtered  for  their  peltry  or  other 
pur])ose8.  One  hundred  and  eighty  thousand  of  the  fur  seal  annually 
is  sulllcient  for  the  market,  and  lias  never  been  exceeded.  Sea  otters 
are  taken  in  limited  numbers  and  only  when  in  i>roper  condition  and 
in  seasons  when  the  young  are  capable  of  feeding  and  protecting 
themselves. 

Expeditions  (well  known)  are  being  litted  out  at  San  Francisco  and 
Victoria,  Vancouver  Island,  British  ( 'olumbia. 

I  would  moat  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  the  Department  to 
the  fact,  considering  the  peculiar  condition  in  which  the  country  is  at 
present  held,  and  without  laws  for  its  guidance,  are  we  not  bound  by  a 
sense  of  honor  and  justice  to  protect  (for  the  time  being)  I'rom  destruc- 
tion tlie  greatest  interest  of  the  country — th<' fur-beariug  animals— uutd, 
at  least,  laws  can  be  passed  for  their  protection. 

Therefore,  I  respectfully  re(|uest  instructions  may  be  sent  to  our 
revenue  cruisers  and  olllcers  to  prohibit  the  taking  or  killing  of  any 
fur-bearing  animals  on  the  islands  until  the  treaty  stipulations  have 
been  complied  with  or  laws  and  regulations  enacted  for  the  fur  trade. 
I  am,  very  respectfuUy, 

W.    A     Ho  WARD, 

Captain  on  Special  Scrcice. 
Hon.  Hugh  McCulloch, 

Secretary  0/  Treasury,  Washinyton,  I',  V, 

3 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


Collector  Ketvhum :  Habits  of  Seah,  etc. 

San  Feancisco,  Cal.,  October  20,  1868. 

Sir:  Since  my  arrival  here  I  liave  had  interviews  with  gentlemen 
representing  the  various  rival  interests  connected  with  the  fur-seal 
fishery  in  Alaska,  and  from  their  united  testimony  have  obtained  the 
following  facts  in  relation  to  the  sealing  interest  upon  that  coast: 

First.  About  the  la<  ter  end  of  March  or  the  early  part  of  April  in 
each  year,  the  seals  begin  to  move  toward  the  uninhabited  islands  of 
St.  Paul  and  St.  George,  in  Bering  Sea,  the  object  being  to  accom- 
plish the  period  of  gestation,  which  is  during  the  summer  months.  For 
this  purpose  they  move  like  an  army.  At  first  a  very  few  old  male 
seals  reconnoiter  the  coast,  and  if  there  are  no  alarming  features 
they  return  and  communicate  with  an  advance  guard  of  nudes,  who 
upon  their  report  nuike  a  more  thorough  reconnoissance  of  the  coast, 
and  their  report  being  favorable,  the  main  army,  consisting  of  from 
300,000  to  400,000  seal,  advance  and  take  possession  of  the  tenantless 
coasts.  Here  they  remain,  bringing  forth  and  nnrturing  their  young 
until  the  first  frost  sets  in  (October  or  November),  when  they  take 
their  (lei)arture. 

Second.  It  appears  to  be  universally  conceded  by  those  experienced 
in  the  business  that  loud  noises,  the  appearance  of  blood,  or  the  active 
signs  of  habitation  deter  the  seal  from  settling  upon  tlie  const.  For 
that  reason  the  native  hunters,  both  from  motives  if  policy  and  in 
accordance  with  the  regulations  of  the  Eussian  Fur  *.'ompiui\,  have 
been  in  the  liabit  of  selecting  the  seal  whom  they  designed  to  kill, 
driving  him  inland  to  the  distance  of  a  mile  or  over,  and  ther»\  dispatch- 
ing liim  by  a  blow  upon  the  head  with  a  club.  (Iroat  caution  has  to 
be  exercised  in  driving  hiin,  because  on  account  of  liis  excessive  fat 
and  his  fear  combined  he  is  apt  to  die  in  the  transit,  in  which  case  the 
perspiration  which  he  evolves  Icosens  the  fur  and  destroys  tlio  value 
of  the  skin.  One  well-directed  blow,  aimed  at  a  i)oint  soniewiiere 
between  the  brain  and  the  ridge  of  the  snout,  causes  instantaneous  death 
or  insensibility,  similar  to  the  butcher's  stroke  between  the  horns  of 
an  ox. 

Third.  Reckless  hunting  of  the  seal  by  inexperienced  hands  will  have 
the  inevitable  effect  of  driving  him  to  other  shores.  It  is  even  intimated 
that  the  Eussian  conmiissioner  leserved  Bering  and  Copper  islands 
in  tlie  treaty  of  cession  with  the  expe(;tation  that  the  improviden(!e  of 
American  adventurers  would  in  a  short  time  force  the  seal  upon  those 
coasts.  Major-General  Halleck  informs  me  that  a  number  of  years  ago 
the  seal  actually  deserted  the  American  islands  and  took  refuge  upon 
those  reserved  by  Russia,  and  it  was  many  years  before  they  returned. 

From  present  information,  it  seems  to  me  of  vital  importance  that 
any  legislation  by  Congress  at  its  ensuing  session  should  gnard  against 
the  promiscuous  killing  of  the  seal,  and  it  would  be  decidedly  better  if 
it  were  left  altogether  in  the  hands  of  native  hunters. 
With  great  resi)ect,  I  am,  your  obedient  servant, 

IIlUAM  KKTcmuM,  Jr., 
Collector  of  Customs,  District  of  Alaska. 

Approved : 

Charles  Bryant, 
Special  Agent,  Treasury  Dc2>artment. 

Hon.  Hugh  McCulloch, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES.  ■     5 

Extract  from  a  letter  written  by  Hiram  Ketchum,  jr.,  to  John  Sogg,  esq. 

There  is  a  firm  liere  iiiimed  (I  believe)  Hutchinson  &  Co.,  represented 
by  a  couple  of  wealtliy  .lews,  one  a  Mr.  Schloss  and  the  other  a  Mr. 
Wassermann,  who  have  purchased  the  territorial  claims,  etc.,  of  the 
Russian  Fur  Company,  and  have  a  nominal  capital  invested  of,  say, 
$300,000.  Mr.  Schloss  will  probably  leave  here  for  Washington  next 
week,  where  he  will  remain  all  winter  endeavoring  to  procure  legisla- 
tion in  favor  of  his  interests.  His  right  bower  is  FTon.  William  M. 
Stewart,  Senator  for  Nevada.  Interested  in  the  company,  which  will 
eventually  be  an  incorporation,  are  the  Russian  Prince  Maksutoff",  Gen- 
eral Rousseau,  Special  Agent  Dodge,  etc. 

""heir  desire  is  to  jjrocure  from  the  Government  the  exclusive  privi- 
lege of  killing  the  fur  seal,  subject  to  proper  rules  and  regulations,  and 
giving  to  the  Government  a  tariff  of,  say,  50  cents  per  skin.  Limiting 
the  number  of  seals  to  be  killed  to  50,000  per  annum,  this  would  yield 
the  Government  a  net  revenue  of  $25,000.  I  have  told  them  that 
such  contracts  are  contrary  to  the  spirit  of  our  institutions,  but  they 
claim  a  precedent  in  the  case  of  Mr.  Martin  Bates,  who  has  the 
monopoly  of  the  fur  trade  upon  the  Missouri  River.  They  argue  with 
great  plausibility  the  Government  must  either  farm  the  trade  out  to  a 
monopoly  or  engage  in  it  themselves. 

The  fur  seal  commences  to  arrive  at  St.  Paul  and  St.  George,  the 
main  depots,  about  the  month  of  March.  At  this  time  a  few  old  males 
come  to  the  islands  upon  a  scouting  expedition.  They  investigate  and 
report  to  a  reconnoitering  body,  who  in  turn  report  to  the  main  body. 
At  this  time  the  natives  remain  closely  concealed,  kindling  no  fires 
and  avoidii'.g  the  slightest  occasion  for  alarm.  They  do  not  kill  over 
50,000  in  a  year  and  these  are  taken  from  the  males  between  1  and  3 
years  old.  The  natives  are  Aleuts,  semicivilized  Itidians,  members  of 
the  Greek  Church,  living  by  the  capture  of  the  seal  and  otter,  and 
requiring  to  be  supported  during  the  intervals  when  they  are  out  of 
season.  Tiiis  firm  allege  that  they  are  yielding  that  support  to  the 
natives  now,  and  that  it  will  become  a  duty  incumbent  upon  the  Gov- 
ernment if  they  abandon  it. 


1800. 
Special  Agent  McLean:  Statistics,  etc.,  of  Fur  Seal  Trade. 

San  Francisco,  Oal.,  October  2G,  1SG9. 
Str:  In  response  to  your  letter  of  the  8th  instant  requesting  me  to 
procure  and  forward  to  tlio  Department  such  reliable  information  as 
was  to  bo  obtained  here  in  regard  to  the  fnr  t''ado  of  Alaska,  and  more 
especially  in  relation  to  (1)  tiie  prices  paid  for  fur  seal  and  sea  otter 
skins  in  Alaska  8in(;e  its  cession  to  the  United  States,  (2)  the  commer- 
cial dassificai  on  of  said  skins  and  tlie  prices  paid  for  them  by  trsiders 
and  manufacturers  in.  this  city,  and  (3)  the  invoice  value  of  seal  skins 
shipped  from  this  port  to  London  and  other  foreign  ports,  and  the 
market  value  of  sea  otter  skins  and  furs  at  the  principal  markets  to 
wliich  they  are  shipped,  I  have  the  honor  to  state  th.it  I  have  availed 
myself  of  the  best  source  h  of  information  within  my  reach  on  these  various 


6 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


points,  sending  copies  of  your  l(!tMfr  Ut  sncli  importers,  traders,  inanu- 
iactnrers,  and  others  iis  IVom  llHtir  asHociiition  with  this  trade  and  the 
Territory  of  Alaska  were  likely  1«>  Jiave  knowledge  of  any  of  the  facts 
desired,  and  asking  for  hiicIi  inforMiation  as  they  possessed  to  be  for- 
warded to  Ihe  Trcasu  y  Depurtiiicnf, 

The  accompanying  and  incl«Mcd  rei)lic8  to  my  request  have  been 
received. 

Document  A:  Statement  from  I,  Mora  Moss,  esq.,  president,  and 
Charles  Baum,es(i.,  secretary  of  I  1m'  Atrierican  Russian  ConunercialCom- 
])any,  having  its  ollice  in  this  city  and  doing  Itusiness  in  Alaska,  with 
Document  A,  'Ho.  1,  accompaii;  ing  the  same,  being  a  coi)y  of  a  bill  intro- 
duced in  the  House,  of  IfeiireKerilalives  March  21),  1801),  by  Hon.  A.  A. 
Sargent  to  regulate  tiie  fur  trade  «»f  Alaska, 

Document  H:  Statement  from  iMcHsrH.  Hutchinson,  Kohl  &  Co.,  of 
San  Francisco,  a  firm  largely  engaged  in  the  Alaska  fur  trade,  with 
statistics  of  furs  collected  at  Hitka  l»y  the  Itussian-American  Fur  Com- 
])any  during  the  year  IHtWi-OT,  and  by  Hutchinson,  Kol'.  «S:  Co.  from 
Decern! )er,  18(i7,  to  October,  IHOi). 

Document  i):  Statement  from  Mr.  Taylor,  of  the  firm  of  Taylor  & 
licndel.  merchants,  of  San  JMamiHco.  This  firm  has  traded  for  several 
years  i)ast  in  Alaska,  Mi.  Taylor  havingjust  returned  from  that  country. 

Document  D:  Statenn-nt  from  Mr.  Adolph  Miiller,  trader  in  and 
manufacturer  of  furs  in  San  Francisco,  witli  J)ocument  D,  No.  1,  sta- 
tistics of  fur  trade,  and  Documetit  D,  No.  2,  propositions  concerning 
Alaska  seal  lisheiy. 

Do(!ument  E:  Statement  by  Mr.  K.  H.  Tib1)cy,  of  San  Francisco,  who 
has  sent  several  trading  expeditions  to  Alaska. 

Do(aiment  F:  Stat<!mcnt  oi  A,  Monehareuko,  editor  and  publ'sher 
of  the  Alaska  Herald  at  San  !''raii«;iHC,o. 

Document  (i:  Letter  of  .lolin  K,  Miller,  esq.,  collector  of  the  port  of 
San  I'^rancisco,  Cal.,  transmitting  Doeument  (1,  Nc.  l,beingan  abstract 
of  imports  and  exports  of  furs  at  Sail  Franciscf,  since  the  cession  of 
Alaska  to  the  United  Statics,  being  a  reply  to  a  request  from  me  for  "a 
statistical  statement  (Voni  the  re<;or<lH  of  the  custom-house  of  the  num- 
ber and  invoice  value  of  tin-  i'ttr  seal,  sea  otter,  and  other  skins  the 
product  of  Alaska  shipp<td  from  the,  |>ort  of  San  Francisco  to  London 
and  other  foreign  ports  sinec  llic  eesMion  of  Alaska." 

Document  II:  Statement  of  It.  K(»rwiii  I 'iotrowski.  United  States 
storekeeper  at  San  FraiiciMco,  lately  an  iiis|)ect(n"  of  customs,  and  sent 
to  Alaska  by  the  (iov<'riiineiit  to  protect  tlie  fur-seal  fisheries,  in  regard 
to  Alaska  fur  trade,  with  Doeninent.  11,  No.  I,  being  a  copy  report  of 
K.  Korwin  I'iotrowski  t(»  Colhtetor  Miller  on  Alaska. 

Document  I:  t'opy  of  the  r(!port  on  Alaska  of  Joseph  Wilson,  in- 
spector of  customs,  to  Colleelor  Miller,  Mr.  Wilson  being  sent  to  Alaska 
by  the  Government  to  protect  the  fnr-seal  llsheries. 

Document  K:  IN'port  on  Alanka  by  IC.  ('.  Jordan,  inspector  of  cus- 
toms at  San  Francisco,  sent  to  Alaska  by  the  (ioverument  to  protect 
the  fur-seal  lisheries.' 

While  collecting  the  aforementioned  statements  from  the  diifcrent 
parties  making  them  I  have,  had  frcfpn-nt  opportunity  to  converse  with 
tliese  and  other  persons  here,  win*  are  more  or  less  intelligent  on  the 
subject  of  our  Alaskan  posHeHMictiiM  and  their  Cur-seal  lisheries. 

The  almost  universal  sei.tinieiit,  in  regard  to  these  lisheries  is  that 


'  Tlie  inchisiircH  ciiMiin'iiilcd,  wllli  t.lin  lorri'iitioii  of  Ducuiueutu  C,  H  No.  1,  I,  aud 
K,  uru  missing  liuui  tliu  liluH. 


( 


1 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


been 


tliey  .should  be  open  to  the  enterprise  and  capital  of  all  American  citi- 
zens ;  that  all  our  traders  should  be  allowed  to  ffo  to  the  islands  lesorted 
to  by  the  fur  seal  and  sea  otter,  and  there  biirter  with  the  native  Aleuts 
tor  the  150,000  skins  of  tliose  animals  which  tiie  fisheiles  will  yield 
annually;  tliatthe  Aleuts  alone  should  be  allowed  to  kill  the  fur  seals, 
and  that  the  (rovernment  should  be,  paid  a  royalty  of  from  -SI  to  $2 
each  tor  their  skins  as  sold;  that  this  trade  in  these  fur  seal  skins 
should  be  regulated  by  law,  and  that  the  (lovernment  should  exert  its 
authority  .it  the  seal  islands  to  have  the  law  enforced. 

Thus  it  is  insisted  the  fisheries  can  be  preserved,  their  product  util- 
ized, the  natives  have  0(;cupation  and  sui)|K)rt,  the  (Toverument  derive 
a  large  revenue  from  them,  and  all  American  citizens  have  like  privi- 
leges in  connection  witli  them. 

ITnder  the  law  and  the  regulations  of  the  Treasury  Department,  as  at 
])resent  established,  the  (lovernment  is  at  very  great  expense  to  pro- 
tect these  fisheries,  but  derives  no  revenues  from  them;  and  while, 
from  motives  of  iiumanity,  it  allows  the  Aleuts  to  kill  the  seals  for  sub- 
sistence, the  skins  of  the  animals  slain  are  all  appropriated  by  the 
agents  of  Messrs.  llutcliinson,  Kohl  tS:  Co.,  of  San  Francisco,  and 
Williams,  Havens  »&  Co.,  of  New  London,  no  other  parties  *han  the 
agents  of  these  firms  being  allowed  to  land  on  the  islands  or  barter  with 
the  natives  for  the  skins. 

It  would  seem  that  the  preseTit  policy  of  the  Government  in  connec- 
tion with  these  fisheries  is  susceptible  of  imiu'ovement  which  would 
result  in  a  yield  of  revenue  from  them,  while  tiieir  j)roducts  would  be 
enjoyed  alike  by  all  our  citizens,  and  this  without  the  destruction  or 
deterioration  of  the  fisheries. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

.)NO.  T.  McLean,  Special  Agent. 

Hon.  George  S.  11  out  well. 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  Washindtou,  />.  C. 


Document  C — Indosurv  w'u'n  McLemt's  llcport  of  October  l'6,  1SG9. 

San  1''RAN("ISC0,  Cal.,  October  20,  1869. 

Sir:  Your  communication  of  tlie  10th  instant  addressed  to  Messrs. 
Taylor  &.  Bendel,  of  which  house  £  am  a  partner,  has  been  referred  to 
me  to  answer  in  relation  to  the  fur  trade  of  Alaska  for  the  information 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treaiuiry. 

The  fur  tra<le  in  general,  with  the  exception  of  fur  seals  and  sea  otters, 
in  Alaska  will  not  comnensate  the  trouble  and  expense  of  fitting  out  ves- 
sels for  such  purposes  as  long  as  the  I  ludson  Bay  Comi)any  hold  trading 
posts  in  British  territory,  such  as  l<'ort  Simi)son,  on  the  Stickeen  River, 
and  Fort  Yukon,  on  the  Yukon  River,  besides  some  snuiller  factories, 
as  they  can  attbrd  to  give  higher  pri(!es  for  furs  and  skins  on  account  of 
cheaper  cost  of  goods  imported  by  them  from  foreign  ports.  Aside  from 
this,  the  Indians  can  obtain  all  the  rum  which  tliey  need,  a  privilege 
which  is  strictly  prohibited  to  American  traders,  which,  however,  is  a 
wise  measure  taken  by  our  Government,  life  and  proi)erty  not  being 
safe  among  these  Indians  when  under  the  influence  of  liquor. 

1  have  known  cases  where  nearly  whole  tribes  of  Indians  have  trav- 
eled over  .WO  miles  to  buy  their  supplies  from  the  Hudson  Bay  Com- 
pany's stores  in  preference  to  trading  with  Americans. 

In  regard  to  fur  seal     i  beg  to  state  that  wo  had  last  year  a  station 


8 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


at  St.  George  Island.  From  actual  knowledge,  I  know  that  a  contract 
was  n»ade  witb  the  Aleuts  on  that  island  for  35  cents  for  fur-seal  skins 
for  the  first  year  (18(58),  to  be  taken  out  in  trade,  and  1  believe  for  40 
cents  apiece  for  the  next  two  years.  This  seems  to  be  a  very  low  price, 
but  the  expense  of  fitting  out  vessels,  the  high  price  of  wages  and  pro- 
visions, and  salary  for  agents  nearly  fourfold  the  cost  price  on  the 
island,  besides  there  are  always  more  or  less  spoiled  in  salting  tliem, 
which  lieretofore  has  been  done  by  men  who  did  not  understand  their 
business. 

All  told,  there  were  killed  on  St.  George  Island  last  year  over  70,000 
fnr  seals,  of  which  00,000  were  killed  by  the  Aleuts  and  about  10,000 
by  vessels'  crews.  The  Aleuts  are  very  careful  about  picking  out  those 
that  are  fit  for  killing,  leaving  the  cows  and  pups  under  3  years 
unmolested. 

The  killing  of  these  animals  by  anybody  other  than  the  natives 
should  be  strictly  prohibited,  as  they  might  do  more  harm  in  killing 
10,000  than  the  natives  in  killing  60,000. 

I  can  not  say  with  certainty  the  number  of  seals  taken  from  St.  Paul 
and  Otter  islands,  but  I  have  no  doubt  they  will  amount  to  over 
100,000,  St.  Paul  being  more  than  double  the  size  of  St.  George  Island, 
C(  ntaiuing  also  more  rookeries. 

Our  house  sold  seal  skins  last  year  in  this  city  1  Dr  $4  (gold)  a  piece; 
but  other  parties  who  sent  them  to  London  at  the  same  time  received 
account  sales,  the  prices  obtained  averaging  from  20  to  30  shillinjis, 
which  is  equal  to  about  $6.50  to  $7.50  there,  less  freight,  insurance, 
commissions,  etc. 

In  this  market  they  are  generally  sold  at  an  average  price,  but  in 
London  they  are  classified  as  follows :  First,  small,  bringing  the  highest 
price;  second,  middlin,Ts,  bringing  the  second  price;  third,  large  pups, 
bringing  the  third  price;  fourth,  small  wigs,  bringing  tlie  fourth  price; 
fifth,  middling  pups,  bringing  the  fifth  price;  sixth,  large  wigs,  bring- 
ing the  sixth  price;  seventh,  small  pups,  bringing  the  seventh  price; 
black  pui»s,  cut  and  damaged. 

This  year,  however,  the  i)rices  have  declined,  and  I  consider  $3.25 
(gold)  in  Sail  Francisco  a  fair  average  price.  Lates  dispatches  from 
London  quote  sales  at  15  shillings.  So  far,  all  the  fur-seal  skins  have 
been  shipped  to  London,  which  has  been  the  only  place  where  they 
could  be  well  dressed  and  cured. 

It  is  impossible  to  ascertain  the  exact  number  of  sea  otters  killed  in 
Alaska  Territory,  but  from  information  received  from  the  tyoons  (chiefs) 
of  several  islands  where  the  sea  otter  abounds,  I  have  learned  that 
from  2,000  to  2,500  are  killed  annually,  to  their  knowledge,  but  outside 
of  this,  some  whale  sliips  and  cod  fishermen  touch  these  several 
islands,  where  they  obtain  more  or  less  skins  from  the  natives,  unknown 
to  the  tyoou. 

The  price  paid  for  sea  otter  skins  at  the  islands  last  year  was  not 
over  .$20  (gold)  apiece.  Those  which  I  obtained  we  could  have  sold 
in  this  market  from  $40  to  $60,  which  we  considered  too  little.  We 
shipped  them  to  Leipsic  and  realized  only  $30  average. 

Tlilo  year,  however,  the  prices  here  as  well  as  in  Europe  have  declined 
considerably,  $25  here  being  considered  a  high  price.  Latest  advices 
from  London  (whicli  is  the  best  market  for  these  skins)  quote  sales  at 
175  shillings  on  an  average,  although  on  account  of  competition,  espe- 
cially on  the  island  of  Unalaska,  traders  have  to  pay  this  year  as  high 
as  $40  for  medium  skins. 

These  furs,  as  well  as  the  fur  seal,  have  their  different  grades  and 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


9 


prices  according  to  size  and  color  of  the  skin  and  length  of  the  hair,  but 
the  natives  are  very  careful  in  selecting  tlie  animals,  never  killing  pups 
when  they  can  avoid  it.  The  sea  otter  is  very  shy,  and  should  never  be 
killed  with  firearnis,  I  have  known  instan(;es  that  the  noise  of  a  pad- 
dle wheel  or  screw  of  a  steamer  has  driven  them  from  their  grounds  to 
seek  some  other  more  secure  places. 

In  regard  to  sea  otter,  I  omitted  to  remark  that  a  good  many  of  these 
animals  are  caught  on  the  northwest  coast  of  California  and  Oregon,  as 
well  as  in  Lower  California,  whose  skins  are  equally  as  good  as  those 
canght  in  Alaska,  which  are  sold  here  at  present  at  $20,  gold  coin;  no 
restriction  as  to  killing  or  bringing  theni  to  this  market. 

The  foregoing  I  know  from  personal  experience,  having  spent  recently 
about  six  months  on  the  northwest  coast  of  Alaska  and  Bering  sea. 
1  am,  most  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

Thomas  Taylor. 
John  S.  McLean,  Esq., 

Special  Agent  Treasury  Department, 

San  Franoiscu,  Cal. 


'»"> 


$3.25 


Document  H,  No.  l. — Tiwlnmire  with  McLean's  Eejwrt  of  October  S6,  1SG9. 

CusTOM-HousE,  San  Francisco,  Oal., 
Collector's  Office,  September  2,  1869. 
Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  the  report  of  R.  Korwin 
Piotrowski,  esq.,  one  of  the  four  inspectors  sent  from  this  office  on  the 
5th  of  March  last,  by  order  of  the  Department,  to  guard  the  islands  of 
St.  George  and  St.  Paul,  Alaska. 

I  also  inclose  a  printed  copy  of  a  letter  from  Mr.  Piotrowski,'  written 
at  my  request  after  his  return  to  this  city,  giving  such  information  as 
he  had  gained  while  in  Alaska  in  respect  to  the  condition  of  the  Ter- 
ritory and  his  impressions  regarding  the  fur-seal  interest,  aud  the 
character  of  the  natives.  This  letter  is  deemed  to  beof  some  value, 
coming  as  it  does  from  so  reliable  and  intelligent  a  source,  and  I  take 
pleasure  in  submitting  it  for  the  perusal  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

Jno.  F.  Miller,  Collector. 
Hon.  George  S.  Boutwell, 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  Washington,  I).  C. 


Document  l.—Inclosure  with  McLean's  Report  of  October  S6,  1S69. 

San  Francisco,  Cal.,  September  27, 1869. 

Sir:  Directed  by  you  in  March  last  to  proceed  to  Alaska  for  the 
purpose  of  assisting  Inspector  La  Granere  in  preventing  the  landing 
of  persons  or  merchandise  upon  any  portion  of  the  island  of  St.  Paul, 
and  such  other  duties  as  might  be  necessary  in  the  performance  of  that 
trust,  1  embarked  on  the  steamer  Alexander  on  the  5th  of  March,  18G9, 
aud  after  a  passage  of  fourteen  days  arrived  at  Unalaska,  at  which 


1  The  enclosure  referred  to  in  this  letter  is  missing. 


10 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


place  we  remained  Ave  days — the  time  having  been  consumed  in  dis- 
charging cargo  and  coaling — hav'.ng  while  on  shore  constant  interviews 
witli  the  natives,  whom  we  found  to  be  quiet,  inoffensive,  and  industrious. 
After  coaling  we  proceeded  on  our  journey,  and  in  forty-eight  hours 
arrived  at  St.  Paul  Island  where  we  finally  debsirked.  Plverything  had 
been  provided  for  our  comfort,  though  the  weather  was  exceedingly 
cold.  On  our  arrival  we  found  the  bark  Monticdlo  laden  with  trading 
goods  from  the  port  of  Honolulu  in  the  Sandwich  Islands.  We  at  once 
notilied  the  captain,  in  accordance  with  our  orders,  that  he  could  not 
land  his  cargo,  and  he  immediately  departed. 

After  taking  possession  of  the  island  for  the  Government  nothing  of 
importance  transpired  till  the  27th  of  April,  when  the  sithooner  Lewis 
Ferry  from  San  Francisco  hove  in  sight.  Manning  our  boats  we  at 
once  attempted  to  board  her  and  notify  her  captain  not  to  land  or  allow 
any  of  his  men  on  sliore,  but  owing  to  the  heavy  sea  prevailing  at  the 
time  we  found  it  impossible  to  do  so.  The  schooner  was  blown  out  to 
sea,  she  having  made  two  unsuccessful  attempts  to  land  on  Otter 
Island,  distant  about  8  miles  from  St.  Paul.  Two  days  after  she  hove 
in  sight  again  and  we  boarded  her  at  once  and  notified  the  captain  of 
our  instructions,  informing  him  that  he  must  not  land  on  Otter  Island, 
Wahus  Island,  or  the  Islaud  of  St.  Paul,  or  approach  within  the  mari- 
time distance  indicated  by  law. 

Leaving  revenue  officer  Lieutenant  Barnes  in  charge,  assisted  by 
Lieutenant  JMast  of  the  Second  Artillery  and  a  detachment  of  ten  men 
from  Kadiak,  furnished  by  (leueral  IJavis,  after  being  relieved  by  the 
steamer  Lincoln  on  the  27th  day  of  May,  we  departed  from  St,  Paul 
and  arrived  safely  at  the  island  of  Unalaska  on  the  30th  of  the  same 
month,  and  there  remained  awaiting  transportation  till  the  2d  of  Aug- 
ust, at  which  time,  procuring  passage  on  the  schooner  Fanny,  after  a 
passage  of  nineteen  days  arrived  in  San  Francisco. 

No  portion  of  the  islands  named  can  ever  be  valuable  for  agriculture, 
though  throughout  the  latter  part  of  the  summer  the  grazing  is  excel- 
lent and  abundant,  but  owing  to  the  humid  nature  of  the  climate  it  is 
im])ossible  to  cure  the  grasses  or  make  them  into  hay. 

The  cod  fisheries  are  mainly  confined  to  the  islands  of  Unga,  Una- 
laska, and  Kadiak,  the  islands  of  St.  Paul,  St.  Geoige,  and  Otter  being 
mainly  valuable  tin'  the  seal  fisheries,  which  in  the  aggregate  furnish 
annually  about  75,0(10  seal  skins.  In  addition  to  tlie  above  there  were 
ca])tured  last  year  about  3,000  sea-otter  skins.  The  seal  skins,  tliough 
only  valued  by  Ilutchinson,  Kohl  &  Cc/.  at  the  sum  of  82  each,  I  am 
informed  that  the  entire  cargo  brought  in  London  |G.50  per  skin,  mak- 
ing in  the  aggregate  a  total  valuation  of  $487,.500;  and  3,000  sea-otter 
skins  valued  at  $20,  wliich  is  far  below  their  market  value,  would  yield 
$00,000  more,  making  a  total  valuation  of  skins  exported  $547,500,  or 
in  round  numbers  over  half  a  million  dollars.  This  vast  revenue,  now 
controlled  by  a  single  company,  would  in  twelve  or  thirteen  years  re- 
fund the  entire  sum  paid  for  this  territory  to  the  Russian  (Tovernmeiit, 
and,  if  properly  guarded,  be  to  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States  a 
source  of  endless  revenue. 

The  matter  of  procuring  this  revenue  will  at  once  address  itself  to 
the  wisdom  of  our  Itepresentatives  at  Washington. 

It  would  seem,  as  a  matter  of  justice  to  the  ( lovernment,  that  the 
advantages  of  this  valuable  trade  should  be  made  known  as  widely  as 
possible,  and  there  is  no  doubt  but  if  the  lease  or  franchise  were  to 
take  ])lace  und°r  proper  Government  restrictions  to  prevent  the  exhaus- 
tion of  the  animals,  and  put  up  in  the  city  of  New  York,  that  at  least  one 


sen 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


11 


quarter  of  ii  million  of  dollar.s  annually  could  be  realized  by  the  Gov- 
ernment from  tliis  triid(!  alone. 

Cereals  and  vegetables  il,  Ih  inii)ossible  to  raise,  owing  to  the  short- 
ness of  the  season,  and  for  all  time  these  supplies  will  have  to  be  had 
from  the  South. 

The  necessaries  of  life,  are  all  <;lieap  and  abundant,  but  everything  in 
the  way  of  luxuries  is  enormously  high.  The  natives  are  i)aid  by  the 
company  40  cents  per  seal  skin  and  for  otter  skins  from  $1  up  to  $H) 
apiece.  The  natives,  though  earning  a  considerable  amount  of  money, 
area  thriftless,  improvident  ])eople,  and  s])end  it  as  fast  as  they  receive  it. 

With  regard  to  tlie  mineral  resources  of  the  Territory  I  am  entirely 
uninformed,  having  had  no  opi)ortunity  for  observation,  uut  on  the 
island  of  I'nga  coal  has  been  found,  though  on  trial  it  is  said  to  be  of 
an  inferior  (juality. 

With  regard  to  the  general  resources  of  the  Territory,  I  respectf-idly 
refer  you  to  the  very  able  report  of  Captain  Piotrowski,  who,  speaking 
the  IJussian  language  fluently,  is  better  (lualifled  to  furuish  the  general 
details  than  I  feel  myself  able  to  do. 

All  of  wiiich  is  respectfully  submitted. 

I  have  the  honor  to  remain,  yours,  respectfully, 

Joseph  Wilson, 
Inspevior  of  Customs. 
Gen.  John  F.  Mjt.lek, 

Collector  of  Customs. 


i 


now 


Doci.MKNT  K. — Iiicloaure  with  McLean's  Report  of  October  JS,  1869. 

San  Francisco,  Cal.,  October  3(1, 1869. 

Sir:  In  accordance  with  your  request,  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  a 
few  items  in  regan!  to  the  seal  lisheries,  etc.,  of  Alaska. 

On  the  Tith  of  March,  18()1»,  I  received  orders  from  Gen.  John  F.  Miller, 
collector  of  the  i)ort  of  San  Francisco,  to  proceed  to  the  Island  of  St. 
George,  Alaska,  lor  the  ])urpose  of  assisting  It.  Korwin  Piotrowski, 
inspector  of  customs,  in  preventing  the  landing  of  any  persons  or  mer- 
chandise upon  any  portion  of  said  island.  We  arrived  at  the  island  on 
the  -(ith  of  March,  where  1  remained  until  the  2Gth  of  May,  18(59.  I  was 
then  relieved  by  the  United  States  revenue  cutter  Lincoln  and  taken  to 
the  Island  of  Unalaska,  remaining  at  the  latter  for  transportation  until 
the  2d  of  August,  when  1  procured  ])a8sage  on  the  schooner  Fanny  for 
San  Francisco- 

During  my  sojourn  upon  the  al)ove-named  islands  I  ascertained  that 
the  price  i)aid  by  traders,  (;tc.,  for  fur-seal  skins  was  from  25  to  35  cents 
per  skin  last  year,  and  that  the  ]»rice  this  year  was  to  be  40  cents,  the 
insuket  value  of  seal  skins  at  San  Francisco  being  from  $4  to  $4.50  per 
skin. 

About  140,000  fur  seals  were  ca]»tured  on  the  islands  of  St.  George 
and  St.  Paul  last  year  (18GS). 

The  seals  come  to  these  islands  in  May  and  remain  until  the  latter 
part  of  October  or  the  middle  of  November.  During  the  time  from 
October  to  November  they  are  killed  by  the  natives  only;  and  none 
other  than  natives  should  be  employed  in  the  killing  business  for  the 
following  reasons :  The  inhabitants  of  those  islands  (St.  George  and  St. 
Paul)  where  seals  breed,  have  no  other  resources  to  live  on  than  the 
seal  hunting.    The  peculiar  habits  of  the  auimal  are  perfectly  kuowu 


12 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


only  to  the  natives,  who  in  the  hunting  season  segregate  the  males  from 
the  females  with  astonishintr  adroitness  and  agility,  and  should  there- 
fore alone  be  permitted  to  ivill  them;  besides  it  is  the  vital  interest  of 
the  natives  to  protect  and  husband  this  their  only  source  of  and  oidy 
means  of  existence.  It  is  therefore  thought  by  persons  acc|iuiinted 
with  those  islands  that  the  Government  should  limit  the  number  of 
seals  to  be  killed  each  year  so  as  to  protect  the  natives  and  also  prevent 
the  extermination  of  the  fur  seal. 

As  for  the  sea  otter,  1  can  give  but  little  inibrmation  about  them,  any 
more  than  that  from  1,500  to  2,000  are  captured  yearly  about  the  Aleu- 
tian Islands,  and  by  the  natives  only,  who  receive  from  the  traders  from 
$20  to  $40  per  akin — the  skins  selling  in  San  Francisco  for  from  $50 
to  $100. 

It  is  my  opinion  that  the  most  important  resources  of  the  Territory  of 
Alaska  are  the  fur-bearing  animals,  and  that  in  no  case  should  the  indis- 
criminate slaughtering  of  these  animals  be  permitted.  I'roper  protec- 
tion by  the  Government  and  a  royalty  imposed  upon  each  skin  would 
be  the  means  of  protecting  the  native  population  and  a  source  of  great 
revenue  to  the  Government  of  the  United  States. 

Being  unacquainted  with  the  Jtussian  language,  my  knowledge  is  but 
limited;  but  should  the  few  items  above,  which  have  come  under  my 
observation,  heli)  to  form  an  idea  of  the  Inr  trade  of  Alaska,  I  will  feel 
happy  at  the  thought  of  contributing  to  so  worthy  an  end. 
I  am,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

E.  0.  Jordan, 
Inspector  of  Customn. 

.Tno.  T.  McLean, 

Special  Agent,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


1870. 

Extract  from  report  of  Capt.  C.  W.  Raymond,  United  States  Engineer 
Corps  and  acting  inspector  of  customs  for  A  laska. 


Sr 


San  Francisco,  Cal.,  January  l,  1H70. 


Mj'  opportunities  for  observation  at  the  various  point.',  in  Alaska  at 
,vhich  we  touched  in  our  journey  to  and  from  Norton  Sound  were  so 
limited  in  comparison  with  those  of  many  others  who  have  visited  and 
written  concerning  them  that  I  refrain  from  attempting  to  give  any 
account  of  them;  but  I  should  be  remiss  in  my  duty  were  I  to  close 
this  report  without  making  any  reference  to  the  most  imi)ortant  and 
valuable  portion  of  our  newly  ac(iuired  territory,  the  seal  islands  of  St. 
Paul  and  St.  George. 

However  candid  and  intelligent  observers  may  differ  as  regards  the 
value  and  resources  of  other  portions  of  the  Territory,  with  reference  to 
the  immense  value  of  the  seal  islands  there  can  be  but  one  opinion ; 
but  owing  to  peculiar  circumstances  the  value  of  the  seal  fishery 
depends  almost  entirely  upon  the  manner  in  which  it  is  conducted,  and 
I  desire  to  record  my  opinion,  with  whatever  weight  may  attach  thereto, 
in  favor  of  its  being  placed  in  the  hands  of  one  company  of  character, 
means,  and  ability,  which  should  be  held  strictly  responsible  to  the 
Government  for  the  manner  in  which  it  is  carried  on. 


ALASKA   INDU8TUIE8. 


13 


I  will  only  alludo  to  the  danger  wliich  exists  of  the  aomitUtU',  ilt^ttno 
tion  of  tlie  seal  trade  by  tbo  intorfereiico  of  irrcHpoiisibl*;  mul  uni^Ta- 
pulous  persons,  for  this  dan^^cr  has  been  pointed  out  uud  tliimmitfA  nt 
lengtli  by  those  whose  opinions  will  carry  more  weij^lit  than  my  tmn; 
but  1  will  briefly  call  attention  to  another  a8j)eet  of  the  tiutMi^ftt. 

Tlio  Aleuts  or  native  inhabitants  of  those  islands  an<l  thz/wr  of  the 
Aleutian  Archipelago  are  a  childlike  and  siuipleinindMl  \t*^f\tU'.,  wh*;, 
although  eminently  capable  of  civilization,  have  not  yet,  iij  t>ni.**innc.nt«i 
of  pecmliarities  of  climate  and  the  want  of  the  civiliziui;  eMt^^ttf  varied 
industries,  attained  to  the  power  and  ability  of  self-piatticUii/K.  Tbft«« 
peoi)le  are  easily  influenced  by  circumstances  for  po(xl  or  «vj|,  Tlie 
policy  of  the  Itussiau  company,  Judged  by  its  results,  is<^;(«*  Ut  have 
been  a  good  one,  and  wo  should  hesitate  before  we  change  thi*  (>r>licy, 
which  it  will  be  for  the  interests  of  a  great  company  Ut  i'/miUmc,  1m 
one  which  will  expose  the  natives  to  the  evil  influences  of  iitmim\mfmsi 
adxenturers. 

It  is  true  that  "monopolies  are  repugnant  to  the  inai'iitxi'uttmuf  '^  ftcia 
people;"  but  so  are  Indians  and  uncivilized  natives,  in  lAn^cluif  f.hf;»e 
])eople  upon  the  seal  Islands,  Russia  assumed  the  duty  of  ^nitftort,mf(j 
l)r()tecting,  and  civilizing  them;  and  with  the  privileges  awi  Unmnu't' 
ties  which  we  have  purchased,  this  duty  has  bewmeours  uijtil  tittf  time 
sliall  arrive  when  they  may  bo  competent  to  assume  and  «xif»<i«<!  ihcf»i 
rights  and  privileges  of  American  citizens,  by  means  of  whix;h  tUcy  inny 
] protect  themselves. 

With  proper  management  I  believe  the  seal  flslieries  mny  \m  mttile  to 
pay  the  Government  a  revenue  of  more  than  $UH),iHH)  [Htr  unuuM,  We 
may,  perhaps,  in  the  future  develop  other  sources  of  wealth  Ut  Alaska, 
but  for  the  present  this  constitutes  by  far  the  most  imi>oi'taoil;  nut]  it 
is  to  be  ho])ed  that  it  will  not  bo  sacrificed  by  allowing  tJie  t/u.«h(«4w  u> 
fall  into  the  hands  of  those  who  will  certainly  destroy  it. 

I  am  under  obligations  for  much  valuable  information  and  stmisdAttc^ 
to  all  the  traders  of  northern  Alaska. 

EespectfuUy  submitted. 

CnAS.  X,  llAYHOiftK 

Inspector  of  Custotm,  Yukon  Uiwr,  Almka, 

Collector  of  Customs, 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Lieut.  W.  B.  Barnes,  R.  C.  S.:  Affairs  on  hlnndu, 

St.  Paul  Island,  Bering  Sea,  .Jutu;  //,  iffTO, 

Sju:  I  would  respectfully  beg  leave  to  make  the  following  K^HUt'. 

On  the  27th  of  duly,  18(59, 1  communicated  to  tlie  DepaitciM^it  all 
transactions  connected  with  the  revenue  to  that  dati^,  a'UK'ji  whi^di 
time  occurrences  have  transpired  that  are  incumbent  on  mm*  t<*  rtitttnt. 

On  my  arrival  at  this  island  tiie  military  sent  here  for  my  aiiMiiAtknr^ 
issued  orders  taking  command  of  the  place.  Alone,  I  was  itttwtaU^m  to 
contend  against  it,  although  I  did  then  protest. 

Lieut.  James  L.  Mast,  Second  United  States  Artillery,  in  t'/mtmand 
of  the  troops,  advised  the  headcjuarters  at  Sitka,  General  Uavi,*  wmj- 
manding,  that  it  would  be  useless  to  send  provisions  here  Utmiifply  the 
natives. 


14 


ALASKA   INDIJSTUIEH. 


I 


I  tlicrctore  at  the  time  inudu  iiu  eHtinuito  aiitl  allowed  tliu  iiativoH  to 
kill  Hoal  to  cover  the  amount.  After  takiiif?  tli«H<*,  tin*,  iiativeH,  with  a 
l)etitioii  re(iueste<l  me  to  extend  tho  number.  The  petition  and  a  tranw- 
lation  of  the  same  please  find  im^loHed.  It  Ik  wif^ned  by  the  three  chiet's 
and  nin(^  of  the  principal  men  of  tho  island. 

After  t^ivinj;'  a  careful  examination  to  each  point  of  tliiH  jtetition,  I 
concluded,  in  consideration  of  other  circiunstanceH  having  oc<!urre(l 
bearing,'  upon  tlie  permission  given  to  thu  HUr.iiiifr  A Innintler  hy  (Uiii. 
it.  11.  Thomas,  indorsed  with  authority  fnmi  the  Hecretary  of  the 
Treasnry  (since  proved  to  be  one  of  God's  providences),  the  native.^ 
bein};  dependent  on  takiuff  skins  foi'  tiieir  snstonance,  and  facts  rej're- 
s('nted  in  their  petition,  I  extended  the  permiKsion  to  take  more  skins, 
the,  petitioMcus  assuring  me  tiiat  they  would  in  no  manner  take  seals 
that  woidd  <!veiitually  ac(;rue  to  the  disiidvantage  of  the  (iovernmeni, 
to  theirs,  or  to  the  seal  rookeries,  thus  affording  the  commander  of  these 
islands  resources  whereby  their  sustenance  could  be  secured. 

The  whole  number  of  skins  taken  is  «2,7r(7,  which  are  uow  on  the 
island,  thus  allowing  to  each  soul  li8  cents  a  day  during  one  year. 

I  also  beg  leaver  to  state  a  sad  casualty  <'onnected  with  tiro  cutter 
lAnroln  when  at  tiiis  island  on  October  !>,  lH«i9.  The  captain's  gig, 
while  the  crew  were  i)ulling  her  ashore  from  the  vessel,  was  capsized  1  y 
a  heavy  breaker,  ami  tliree  of  the  men  were,  unfortunately,  drowned. 
lOvery  endeavor  was  used  to  save  them.  The  bodies  weic  soon  after 
recovered,  and  on  tlie  next  day  they  were  suitably  and  decently  interred. 

1  would  also  state  that  on  Sunday,  Noveml)er  0,  IWJ!»,  a  gale  of  wind 
(;ommence(l  from  the  south  and  east,  increasing  rapidly  until  the  7th 
(Monday  morning).  The  sea,  sis  far  as  the  eye  could  reach  to  the  (^ast, 
was  a  continual  bed  of  foam,  with  heavy  breakers  vi»fing  with  each  in 
siz(!  and  anger,  the  wind  blowingfearfully,  making  it  almost  impossible 
to  st<'m  its  fury,  the  water  rising  very  high,  br«'aking  over  the  beach, 
completely  inundating  the  lower  part  of  the  village,  so  that  a  nund)er 
of  tiie  inhabitants'  dwellings  were  flooded,  and  they  wen^  obliged  to 
move.  The  water  in  its  course  undermined  a  storehouse  C(tntaining 
3()(>  days'  (lovernment  rations  for  Lieutenant  >!ast,  and  (»ther  private 
property.  The  floor  of  the  building  was  entirely  washed  away,  the 
water  in  its  strength  carrying  nearly  all  the  contents  into  th';  sea.  A 
very  small  portion  of  the  stores  was  saved  in  a  ba<lly  damaged  condition. 

Jt  was  an  act  of  Providence  that  the  steamer  A  Irrantler  was  allowed 
to  bring  ])rovi8ion8,  otherwise  there  would  have  been  gre;it  suffering 
and  ])rivation  here,  and  at  this  date  (March  IJ>,  1870)  we  are  nearly 
destitute  of  ])rovisions;  flour  is  entirely  gone,  an<l  but  a  few  hundred 
l»ounds  of  old  shijt  bread  on  hand.  Of  sugar,  molasses,  and  l)utter  we 
have  n(me. 

The  natives  on  the  coast  north  of  here,  and  all  those  of  the  Aleutian 
group,  are  dependent  on  this  island  for  skins  to  cover  their  large  caiioes 
(bi-dar-ros)  and  small  canoes  (bi-darks).  I  have  allowed  all  sea  lion  and 
old-wig  hides,  and  oil  to  soak  the  same,  to  be  shipped  to  Unalaska, 
from  which  place  they  are  distributed  by  vessels  t^mching  at  the  differ- 
ent places  free  of  expense.  The  amount  sent  this  last  season  is  527 
hides  and  '.\\  barrels  of  oil  and  blubber. 

August  20, 186(»,  the  steamer  Alexander  U)o\i  0,707  seal  skins  left  here 
by  Hutchinson,  Kohl  &  Oo.  in  the  season  of  1808, 

The  army  transport  steamer  Xiu'hern  arrived  yesterday,  bringing 
fresh  troops  for  these  islands,  Lieutenant  lluggius  relieving  Lieutenant 
Mast. 


4 


I 


ALAHKA    1NDII8THIE8. 


15 


1  lierelty  acknowIodKO  locieijjt  of  instructioiiM  of  (Into  February  2, 
1870.    TIk^  i»roliil)itioii  refc^rrcd  to  liiiH  been  and  will  bo  strictly  enforced. 
1  am,  very  re><i)ectfiilly,  your  obedient  servaut, 

WlNKLOW   H.    lUUNKS, 

ThirtI  Ijieiitenant,  Unitcil  States  h'eiienne  Hcrvicc. 

Hon.  (iKoifciK  S.   HouTWKMv, 

St'crvt<trif  of  the  Trrdsitry^Wdsliiniiion,  l>.  ('. 


the 


liii  toHure  to  report  of  lAeulvnant  Unrneii,  ilatvd  June  14,  1S70. 
ITniiiHlatlon.] 


at 


St.  Taitl  Island,  Si-piemher  1, 18(1!). 
this  island  you  read  your  iustructioiis  in  our 


On  your  arrival 
prcsencre, 

TiioHo  instructions  were  inunediately  trfinslated  to  us,  and  wo  learned 
from  them  tliat  the  Secretary  of  tiie  Treasury  left  to  your  Judj;inent  and 
intrusted  you  to  designate  I  lie  number  of  seals  we  can  kill  this  year. 

You  also  luuuled  us  a  translation  of  the  order  of  1868,  by  which  the 
kiliin.u' of  seals  was  |»roliihited. 

The  I'ullillme'it  of  this  order  would  have  not  only  In-ought  us  to 
extreme  ]»overty,  but  would  have  dei)rived  us  of  means  of  subsistence. 

We  hav(^  no  money  for  <rhangin}f  tlu^  place  of  our  residence,  and  the 
prohibition  ofscal  kiiliiifj  will  cause  our  ruin. 

Vou  decided  upon  a  certain  number  of  seals  to  be  taken  for  our  sub- 
sistence. Knowiiif^  that  the  fixing  of  the  number  of  seals  was  left  to 
you,  we  take  the  liberty  to  re(piest  you  to  increase  the  number  of  seals 
to  be  killed  tiiis  season,  aiul  beg  to  explain  hereby  the  reasons  which 
Iirompt  us  to  do  so. 

Twelve  cents  a  day  is  nr)t  sullicient  for  otir  food,  and  besides  food  we 
want  warm  clothing  for  th(^  cold  winter,  and  if  we  do  not  provide  them 
our  families  will  suffer  from  the  rigor  of  the  climate.  Our  houses 
must  nearly  all  bo  rei)aired. 

Most  of  us  have  debts  which  we  consider  it  our  duty  to  pay  before 
expending  for  ourselves.  We  have  a  church  and  a  school  which  we  sup- 
port. We  have  widows  and  orphans  who  require  the  support  of  the 
community.    I'Mnally,  we  can  not  subsist  on  seal  meat  alone. 

The  rigor  of  the  winters  and  the  discomfort  of  our  dwellings  made 
us  accpiire  the  habit  of  drini  ing  tea,  which  warms  and  stinuilates  us. 
We  are  accustomed  to  this  beverage,  and  it  is  difficult  for  us  to  dispense 
with  it. 

We  request  y(tu  to  give  due  attention  to  our  wants,  and  tru:it  that 
you  will  perceive  the  luicessity  of  increasing  the  number  of  seals  you 
have  decided  nuiy  i)e  killed  in  one  yeaf. 


Special  Agent  Charles  lirijant:  Annual  lief ort  for  1870. 

Island  of  St.  Paul,  Alaska,  July  ii,  1870. 
Sir:  In  compliance  with  the  instructions  of  the  Department  of  May 
24,  1870,  ordering  me  to  take  charge  of  the  sealing  islands  and  to  pro- 
vide for  the  immediate  wants  of  the  inhabitants,  if  found  in  a  couditiou 


16 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


of  iieucHBity,  1  callud  on  the  cliiofH  ut  eacli  inland  to  givo  mo  a  Htate- 
nioiit  of  the  actual  wants  of  tho  iwpulation. 

From  the  information  ho  obtained  and  from  tiio  absence  of  ))roviHions 
in  tbe  stores  of  Ilutebinsoii,  KobI  iS:  Co.  and  Williams  iV  Havens,  it 
be<;ame  apparent  tliat  measures  should  be  taken  for  supplying  tbe 
natives  from  sueli  stores  as  were  juit  on  board  the  reveniui  steamer 
Lincoln  in  prevision  of  that  emergency.  I  therefore  recjuested  the 
commander  of  tbe  lAnvoln  to  land  on  the  islands  all  tbe  bread  and 
tlour  which  might  be  possibly  spared  from  his  vessel,  as  well  as  the 
provisions  specrially  ordered  by  IJepartmont's  telegram  to  the  <!ollector 
of  customs  at  San  Franciscc  dated  .lune  H,  1870. 

The  following  supplies  were  put  at  my  disposition:  iJread  and  Ihmr, 
20,000  pounds;  sugar,  4,000  pounds;  tea,  525  pounds;  salt  (as  per 
report  of  July  5),  10  tons. 

The  native  population  on  St.  Paul  being  240,  and  on  St.  Oeorge  132, 
all  these  stores  will  be  divided  between  tlie  two  islands  to  correspond 
as  nearly  as  i)ossiblo  with  the  proportion  of  said  jtopiilation. 

The  amount  of  provisions  usually  required  \n'v  mouth  lor  an  aveiage 
family  of  six  persons,  as  stated  by  the  chiefs,  has  been,  since  the  treaty 
of  cession,  as  follows:  Bread  and  Hour,  120  pounds;  sugar,  15  pounds; 
tea,  .'J  i)ounds;  seal  Mesh  from  (iO  animals  of  medium  size. 

These  ligures,  when  multiplied  by  the  number  of  average  families 
(02x0=372),  give  the  amounts  recpiired  for  one  niouuh  on  both  islands: 
liread  and  tlour,  7,410  pounds;  tea,  180  pounds;  sugar,  D30  pounds; 
seal  tiesh  from  3,720  animals. 

As  my  calculations  at  San  Francisco  had  to  be  reduced  to  the  lowest 
rates  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  Lincoln  would  take  a  large  (juantity 
of  coal  at  Nanaimo,  it  necessarily  follows  that  tbe  ])rovisions  now  on 
hand  can  not  last  four  months,  as  I  expected,  if  no  reducticm  is  nnide 
from  the  re(|uisition  of  the  chiefs. 

It  being  desirable  to  satisfy  the  natives  to  the  same  extent  as  was 
done  under  the  control  of  private  companies,  I  doternuned  to  issue 
rations  without  reduction,  in  the  hope  that  the  J-)epartment  will  (Ind 
means  to  forward  more  supplies  during  the  three  months  from  the  date 
of  this  letter,  through  which  period  my  present  supplies  will  carry  me 
at  the  above  rates. 

The  mode  of  issuing  and  distributing  provisions,  determined  upon 
after  consultation  with  the  chiefs,  will  be  on  each  island  as  follows:  A 
committee  of  three  chiefs  elected  by  the  people  will  receive  every  week 
from  the  officer  in  charge  a  weekly  proportion  of  provisions  and  receipt 
for  the  same  in  a  book  jirovided  for  that  purpose.  The  distribution 
will  be  made  by  the  chiefs  under  the  supervision  of  said  orticer. 

As  to  the  seal  flesh,  I  determined  to  allow  tbe  killing  from  time  to 
time  of  such  numbers  of  seals  as  will  be  actually  eaten.  No  killing 
will  be  permitted  for  the  purpose  of  putting  up  dried  seal  flesh  for  the 
coming  winter,  unless  the  prohibition  contained  in  my  instructions  is 
expressly  revoked  by  further  orders  from  the  Department. 

In  regard  to  the  skins  of  animals  which  will  be  killed  for  flesh,  T  con- 
sidered but  just  tnat  the  natives  should  salt,  preserve,  and  hold  at  the 
disposition  of  the  Government  such  quantity  of  choice  skins  from  each 
killing  as  will  be  sufficient  to  cover  the  actual  cost  of  provisions  and 
salt  issued  to  them  up  to  the  date  of  said  killing,  adoi)ting  the  usual 
market  price  of  skins  on  the  islands  (40  cents)  as  a  standard  of  calcu- 
lation. By  this  arrangement,  after  three  months  from  dat«,  a  lot  of 
2,100  choice  skins  on  St.  Paul  and  1,500  on  St.  George  will  be  held  free 
of  any  private  claim  at  the  disposition  of  the  Treasury  Department. 


I 


i 


AI.AHKA   INDUHTRIEH. 


17 


Tli(^M(4  •'<.(>(>(>  skins,  if  sold  at  auction  in  San  KriiiKMsco,  would  pioltahly 
irali/c  troiii  !j(I(»,(»(l(»  t(»  ii«iL*,(»(t(>  in  coin,  and  (lins,  alter  deduction  of 
about  ••<li,(l(MM'or  tiie  supplies  now  j,'iantcd  and  tlie  expciiHes  of  tiaiis- 
]ioi'tation  and  sale,  a  I'liiul  of  about  iit.s,()(H>  niij'lit  Ite  created  to  «',()v«r 
liirfiier  expenilitnres  on  beliaii"  ol'  tlio  natives  of  tin-  sealing  islands. 

With  lefercnci^  to  tlie  balances  of  skins  which  will  remain  in  the  hands 
of  the  natives  after  deduciMon  of  the  number  reserved  as  above,  I  did 
not  consider  it  advisable,  in  tlit^  abs«;nee  of  any  instructions  on  this 
point,  to  interfere  with  tlu^  desire  expressed  by  tlio  natives  that  they 
niiKht  be  allowed  to  exchaufje  or  sell  said  skins  for  the  purpose  of  i)ro- 
eurinjf  from  I  ho  stores  now  on  the  islands  dry  j-oods.  clotnin;^,  crockery 
ware,  hardware,  and  various  small  articles  to  which  they  havo  been 
acciistonu'd  lor  nuiuy  years  j)ast.  A  snihcient  stock  of  these  conimodi- 
ties  is  still  extant  on  the  islaiuls  IVom  last  year's  supplies,  but  nu)re 
elothinj;  will  be  absolutt^ly  re(|uired  for  the  cominj;-  wintc^r.  In  this 
connection  I  be^'  leave  respectfully  to  invite  the  attenti(Ui  of  the  Depart- 
ment to  th(!  fact  that  the  Aleutian  i)opulation  of  the  sealing  islands  \-  ^, 
with  very  slifjlit  variations,  the  same  wants  as  any  rural  couunuiiity  in 
the  Christian  world. 

Should  the  killiufr  of  seals  be  permitted  to  cover  the  wants  for  the 
whole  year,  the  reciuircu  number  of  seals  to  be  killed  would  be  in  all 
(from  -Inly  lo  of  this  year)  41,(140  (;},7_'()x  12). 

( "omiii};  to  that  part  of  tlie  instru(!tions  f;i  veu  me  which  refers  to  sug- 
pestions  as  to  the  future  action  of  the  (ioveiiinuMit  in  rcjjard  to  the 
sealiii};'  islands,  1  havo  to  state  that  under  the  ])ressur(^  of  urj^cnt  busi- 
ness— conferences  with  mitives,  attendance  to  the  countin{>'  of  skins  to 
be  taken  on  the  steauier  Ale.nDidn;  and  in  view  of  the  necessity  of 
sending  this  letter  as  soon  as  possible — I  can  only  advert  to  such  I'eaiures 
as  recpiiie  i)rompt  and  immediate  action. 

Should  no  chanjjo  have  occurred  in  the  legislation  or  in  the  views  of 
the  Department  in  regard  to  the  sealing  islands,  I  would  suggest  that 
the  following  sui)plies  be  forwarded  with  all  possible  speed,  to  secure  the 
subsistence  of  the  population  for  eight  nuuiths  from  October  1~>  of  (his 
year  to  June  15  of  1871:  13read  and  Hour,  aU,.").'}*;  pounds;  sugar,  0,740 
pounds;  tea,  1,488  pounds;  salt,  45  tons;  wood  for  baking  purposes, 
10  (!ords. 

If  the  temporary  arrangements  adoi)ted  by  me  are  approved  and 
authority  should  be  given  me  to  prolf'.ng  the  same  for  the  coming  winter, 
1  would  suggest  that  Hutchinson,  Kohl  &  Co.  may  be  authorized  to 
send  to  the  islaiuls  the  necessary  stock  of  clotliisig,  dry  goods,  hard- 
ware, etc.;  otherwise,  that  measures  be  devised  to  provide  tor  those 
commodities  on  account  of  the  skins  which  nuiy  be  taken  to  San  Fran- 
cisco at  the  end  of  this  year's  sealing  season. 

In  view  of  the  very  limited  capacities  of  our  revenue  cutters  for  car- 
rying freight,  it  would  seem  advisable  to  charter  a  sailing  vessel  for  the 
l)urpose  of  carrying  supplies  to  the  islands  mhI  taking  to  San  Francisco 
such  skins  as  may  be  ready  for  shipment.  honld  any  informaticm  be 
desired  on  that  behalf.  1  would  resjiectfully  efer  to  Capt.  C.  Jl.  Scam- 
iiuHi,  comnmnder  of  the  Lincobi,  who  is  v\v.^ll  accpuiinted  with  tlio  re- 
sources of  the  Pacific  Coast  and  has  devoted  much  attention  to  the 
subject  uiuler  consideration. 

As  soon  as  circumstances  will  permit  I  will  devote  mysel*"  ',o  the  com- 
pletion of  a  detailed  plan  of  administration  of  the  sealing  islands.     In 
.jonnectiou  with  this  matter  I  would  respecstfully  recpiest  that  Mr.  Buy- 
nitzky  be  relieved  from  the  island  of  St.  vieorge  as  soou  as  practicable 
n.  Doc.  92 2 


18 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


and  ordered  to  assist  me  at  St.  Paul  for  some  time  before  leaving  for 
Washington. 

I  consider  it  i)articularly  desirable  that  he  should  become  thoroughly 
acquainted  with  all  the  details  of  the  plan  to  be  submitted  by  me  to 
the  Department. 

I  am,  sir,  v«uy  respectfully, 

Charles  Bryant, 
Special  Agent,  Treasury  Department. 
Hon.  Geo.  S.  Boxjtwell, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


Report  of  S.  N.  Buynifzky,  of  the  Treasury  Department,  stationed  at  St. 
Paul  Island,  Alaslca,  in  charge  of  the  seal  fishery. 

Washington,  D.  C,  December  30, 1870, 
Sir  :  By  letter  of  instructions  of  May  2.'>,  1870,  I  have  l)een  detailed 
to  the  islands  of  St.  Paul  and  St.  George,  Alaska,  there  to  a(!t  under 
the  orders  of  Capt.  (Charles  Bryant,  special  agent  of  the  Treasury 
Department,  and  also  to  obtain  and  report  to  the  Department  such 
information  as  might  be  acquired  relative  to  the  seal  fishery  and  the 
commercial  interests  of  the  islands  and  of  the  country  generally.  Con- 
cerning my  action  at  the  islands  under  the  instructions  of  Capt. 
Charles  Bryant,  I  beg  leave  respectfully  to  refer  to  Mr.  Bryant's  otiicial 
rei)orts.  As  to  the  i.'formation  which  1  have  been  able  to  acquire  relsi- 
tive  to  the  seal  fishery  and  the  commercial  interests  of  the  islands  and 
of  the  country,  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following ; 

The  islands  of  St.  Paul  and  St.  George,  owing  to  their  isolated  posi- 
tion, their  climate,  and  the  configuration  of  their  shores,  seem  to  have 
been  particularly  designed  by  nature  for  the  iiropagation  of  the  species 
of  seals  commonly  known  under  the  name  of  fur  seal  and  scientifically 
classified  under  the  appellation  of  "Phoca  ursina."  The  number  of  fur 
seals  congregating  every  summer  at  the  islands  is  literally  beyond 
computation.  At  the  commencement  of  spring  they  begin  to  ai)pear 
in  the  Bering  Soa,  coming  from  the  Pacific  through  the  straits  of  the 
Aleutian  islands,  chiefly  through  Unimak  Pass.  Full-grown  males 
(called  bulls)  are  the  earliest  visitors  at  the  islands  of  St.  George  and 
St.  Paul.  They  approach  the  islands  in  the  last  days  of  April,  and  after 
a  careful  survey  of  their  habitual  resting  grounds  settle  thereon,  to 
await  the  arrival  of  the  females,  which  takes  place  considerably  later. 
The  seals  invariably  select  for  their  resting  grounds  (rookeries)  such 
beaches  as  are  strewn  over  with  large  bowlders,  afibrding  a  safe  hold 
against  the  sweep  of  the  surf.  Flat,  sandy  beaches  are  carefidly  avoided 
by  them,  probably  on  account  of  the  danger  to  which  the  new-boiu 
seals  would  be  exposed  of  being  carried  off  by  the  sea  before  they  have 
learned  to  live  in  that  element.  From  the  day  of  their  settling  on  the 
rookeries  to  the  epoch  of  the  appearance  of  the  females  the  bulls  sleep 
almost  without  interruption.  Toward  the  end  of  May  they  begin  to 
look  out  for  the  coming  of  their  families.  The  females  (cows)  generally 
recognize  their  former  mates,  and  land  at  their  respective  rookeries. 
There  being  a  considerable  diflerence  between  the  male  and  female  in 
regard  to  ago  of  puberty  (6  years  for  the  male  and  2  for  the  female), 
this  species  is  necessarily  polygamous,  and  an  average  family  numbers 
about  ten  cows  to  one  bull.  The  rookeries  nearest  to  the  water  are 
occupied  by  the  propagators,  while  the  minor  individuals  of  the  tribe 


as 
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ALASKA   INDUSTRIES, 


19 


I 


Lave  to  cij,mp  ou  the  slopes,  where  they  are  more  exi)Oseci  co  tlie  danger 
of  being  cut  ott'  from  the  sea  and  to  become  the  prey  of  the  Imnter. 
Tlie  hunting  begins  aa  soon  as  the  resting  grounds  are  fully  occupied^ 
which  generally  happens  about  the  end  of  June.  It  is  carried  on  until 
the  middle  of  i^ovember,  when  the  seals  leave  the  islands,  to  disappear 
for  Ave  months  in  the  vast  expanse  of  the  Paoitic,  The  surrounding, 
driving,  killing,  and  flensing  of  the  fur  seals  has  been  reduced  to  a 
science  by  the  natives  of  tlie  islands.  A  day  is  waited  for  when  the 
direction  of  the  wind  allows  of  a  rooltery  being  ap]n'oaclie>l  so  tliat  the 
game  can  not  scent  the  hunters.  A  party  of  from  twenty  to  thirty  men, 
armed  with  clubs,  cautiously  advan(!e  along  the  shore  until  the  retreat 
of  the  animals  toward  the  sea  is  cut  off  l)y  the  line  of  hunters.  Tlien,  at 
a  signal  from  the  chief  of  tlie  exjiediticm,  the  men  rush  up  tlie  clifls  and 
drive  toward  the  interior  of  the  island  as  many  seals  as  have  been  sur- 
rounded. When  the  lierd  has  been  driven  to  a  certain  distance  from 
the  shore,  a  halt  is  made,  and  a  sorting  of  the  game  as  to  age,  sex,  and 
condition  of  the  fur  is  effected.  This  operation  requires  tlic  exercise  of 
a  lifelong  experience,  and  is  of  the  utmost  impoitance,  as  tlie  killing 
of  females,  which  are  easily  mistaken  for  young  males  even  by  the 
natives,  would  endanger  the  propagation  of  the  species,  and  the  slaugh- 
tering of  males  under  2  or  over  4  years  old  would  be  a  useless  extermi- 
uation,  tlieir  furs  having  little  value  for  trade.  The  sorting  once 
accomplished,  all  the  animals  not  destined  for  killing  are  allowed  to 
escape  toward  the  rookery,  and  the  balance  of  tlie  herd  is  driven  to  the 
slaughtering  grounds,  situated  near  the  salt  houses,  t^-reat  care  is 
taken,  when  driving,  that  the  animals  do  not  become  overheated,  for 
should  this  happen  the  skins  would  become  worthless,  the  fur  falling 
off.  On  reaching  the  slaughtering  grounds,  the  drove  is  allowed  a  rest 
of  two  or  three  houis,  after  which,  at  a  signal  given  by  one  of  the  chiefs, 
the  killing  is  effected  with  ^^onderful  rai)idity.  1  have  seen  a  drove  of 
1,<]00  seals  dispatched  by  3(>  men  in  little  more  than  an  hour  of  time. 
As  soon  as  the  animals  are  killed,  all  available  hands,  men.  women,  and 
children,  rush  to  the  work  of  Heusing,  which  has  to  be  finished  as  soon 
as  ]»ossible,  to  i)re\ent  the  carcasses  from  stifll'ening.  Every  part  of  the 
animal  is  turned  to  accoujit — skin,  flesh,  blubber,  and  intestines.  The 
skins  are  immediately  taken  to  tlie  salt  liouse  and  placed  in  large  vats, 
the  fur  side  down,  and  the  flesh  side  ideiitifully  sprinkled  with  salt. 
When  the  skins  have  been  thoroughly  saturated  with  salt,  which  process 
reqtiires  about  forty  (?ays,  cliey  are  taken  up  and  shaken.  Then  another 
lighter  coating  of  salt  is  applied,  and  they  are  booked  up  in  folds,  ready 
for  shipment. 

The  commercial  value  of  fur-seal  skins  depends  upon  their  size,  and 
l)articularly  upon  the  quality  of  the  fur.  The  greatest  proportion  of 
first  class  skins  are  obtained  from  seals  .'5  years  old. 

Loudon  is  the  most  important  and  almost  the  only  market  for  fur-seal 
skins.  There  they  are  manufactured  into  elegant  furs  by  a  series  of  tech- 
nical operations,  the  secret  whereof  is  Jealously  kept  by  a  single  firm. 
The  prices  obtained  in  London  by  American  traders  for  seal  skins  shippeU 
in  18G7  and  1868  ranged  from  10  to  ;{(»  shillings  per  skin,  according  to 
quality.  The  cost  of  each  skin  rendered  at  London,  including  ccmijien- 
sation  of  natives,  exi)enses  for  salt,  shijinient  from  the  islands  to  San 
Francisco, transshipment  foil']uroi>e,  freight  ami  comnussions,  amounted 
to  $1.50  in  gold.  This  was  the  ^guro  of  costs  when  the  price  jiaid  by 
the  traders  to  the  natives  for  each  skin  was  nominally  from  20  to  40 
cents,  but  actually  le.^s,  as  the  same  traders  realized  on  some  articles 
furnished  to  the  natives  a  profit  of  nearly  100  per  cent.    At  present, 


1 


20 


ALAKKA   IN1JU8TRIES. 


when  the  Alaska  Cominorcial  (yoiiipiiny  lias  fixed  the  price  to  be  paid  to 
the  natives  at  40  cents  |)er  Kkin  and  tlie  advance  on  Han  Francisco 
prices  of  coinniodities  broii^lit  to  Mie  ishinds  at  only  25  i)er  cent,  the 
above  iignre  of  costs  will  be  coiiMiderably  increased.  Some  increase  of 
costs  will  be  occasioned  by  the,  <.'blij,'a(ionH  assumed  on  the  part  of  the 
company  as  to  the  estal)lishin*!nt  and  kcM-pinj;  of  gratuitous  schoohi  lor 
the  naiives,  and  also  by  certain  additional  advantages  vouchsafed  to  tlio 
natives,  as  appears  from  fiie  inMtrnctions  of  the  ccmipany  to  its  agents, 
aeopy  whereof  is  herewitii  Kid)iiiitf,<Ml,  .So  tiiat  in  future  tlie  actual  cost 
of  each  seal  skin  rcndertid  at  IjoihUmi  will  a.iionnt  to  no  less  than  $2, 
exclusive  of  the  pro  rat'  of  tiie  rental  and  the  *^ax  imposed  by  the 
conditions  of  the  lease. 

The  iat  or  blubber  of  ali  iiie  Heals  killed  for  their  sknis  is  not  more 
than  sullicient  to  HU|)ply  the  want  of  fuel  at  the  islands.  Although  every 
chij)  of  driftwood  is  carefully  collected  by  the  natives  and  brought  with 
great  jtains  to  the  village  from  the  remotest  ]>oints,  almost  all  of  it  is 
used  up  in  the  rei)airH  continually  re^piired  by  the  rapidly  decaying 
woodwork  of  their  miserable  dwellings,  and  only  a  small  quantity  nniy 
be  reserved  for  the  purpose  of  kindling  the  sc^alblubber  tires.  The  sum- 
mer temperature  at  the  islands  being  45^  and  the  mean  temperature  of 
the  year  about  .'W^,  the  dwellingH,  which  are  nothing  better  than  cellars 
covered  with  turf,  have  to  be,  heated  all  the  year  round.  Notwithstand- 
ing the  enormous  (piantity  of  seal  blubber  consumed  at  ho  islands,  a 
considerable  amount  of  it  might  be  converted  into  seal  oa  for  exporta- 
tion. Thousands  of  old  bulls,  which  have  become  useless  for  the  i)ur- 
imses  of  propagation  a.'id  areuri  incumbrance  to  the  rookeries,  might  be 
killed  for  their  blubber,  and  thut*  a  new  and  ])rolitable  article  of  trade 
added  to  the  resources  of  the,  iHlands,  LTn fortunately,  the  market  price 
of  seal  oil  is  lower  than  the  tax  offered  on  this  article  by  the  competitors 
for  the  lease  of  the  islands,  and  c<)nHe(|uently  this  branch  of  industry 
has  no  chance  of  being  develoijed. 

The  population  of  the  islatiUH,  numbering  240  on  St.  Paul  and  125  on 
St.  George,  are  mostly  A le»"fM,  Home  half-breeds,  and  a  few  descendants 
of  Kamchadales  brought  over  from  Kamchatka  by  the  vessels  of  the 
Kussian-Americaii  Company,  Their  mother  tongue  is  the  Aleutian — a 
language  spoken  with  slight  variations  all  over  the  Aleutian  islands 
and  the  southeast  coast  of  tli«  Alaskan  peninsula.  The  Itussian  lan- 
guage is  understood  l)y  all  and  is  int-elligently  spoken  by  many.  They 
all  belong  to  the  <iree(j-KuMsian  Catlndic  Church,  and  are  sincerely 
attached  to  theii  religion. 

According  to  tlie  statitment  of  the  natives  of  the  islands  of  St,  Paul 
and  St.  George,  a  notable  improvement  in  their  material  welfare  has  taken 
placesincetlietransferof  tlie  Territory  to  the  ^Jnited  States.  Still,  their 
l»rosperity  is  far  from  being  in  harmony  with  the  importance  of  their 
share  in  the  production  of  wealth.  'I'heir  dwellings — damp,  insalubrious 
hovels,  (;onstru<"ted  of  driCtwood  and  sods — are  particularly  in  jjainful 
contrast  with  all  other  c/tndlMonHoftlK^ir  life.  There  being  no  building 
materials  at  the  islan<lK,  the  natives  are  unable  to  accomi)lish  any  con- 
siderable impiovement  in  their  Hystem  of  building  without  assistance  ou 
the  part  of  the  Government, 

The  prevalence  of  inflammatory  diseases  ^tf  the  lungs,  mostly  due  to 
the  miserable  ••ondition  of  dwellings,  requires  the  pre  jiuie  of  a  medical 
l)ractitioner  ateach  island,  Therecall  this summerof  the  UnitedStates 
trooi)s,  and  therewith  of  the  e<Mitra(;t  doctors  who  were  attached  to  the 
military  j)o8tH  at  the  iHlands,  leaves  the  pojjulation  without  medical 
assistauc(j.    Some  provbion  toward  supplying  this  want  is  absolutely 


I 


re; 
.'<  ill 

ai 


ALASKA   INDUSTRTES. 


21 


laid  to 
ucisco 
lit,  the 
jaso  of 
of  the 
lola  for 
L  to  the 
ifteuts, 
ml  cost 
mil  *-', 
by  the 

[)t  more 
h  every 
;ht  with 
of  it  is 
ecayiug 
ity  may 
'he  Kum- 
atnre  of 
n  celhirs 
thstiuid- 
ihiiuls,  a 
exporta- 
the  pur- 
iiiight  be 
of  trade 
ket  i>rice 
npetitors 
industry 

uM'iio  oil 
eeudaiita 
lils  t)f  the 
BUtiiui — a 
,11  ishinds 
ssiiiu  I'-iii- 
ly.  They 
sincerely 

f  St.  Paul 
s has taken 
Still,  their 
-e  of  their 
salubrious 
in  i)aiiiful 
iobuildiii« 
h  any  con- 
sistance  on 

stly  due  to 
f  a  medical 
lited  States 
t'.hed  to  the 
lut  medicsal 
\  absolutely 


necessary.  Theonlyplace  in  the  Territory  besides  the  islandsof  St.Taul 
and  St.  George  which  1  had  the  ojiportunity  to  visit,  was  Unalaska, 
the  most  important  of  the  Aleutian  islands.  Situated  near  the  Unimak 
Pass,  which  is  the  best  entrance  to  the  JJering  Sea,  and  possessing  a 
good  harbor,  Unalaska  is  visited  by  vessels  engaged  in  tic  fur  trade 
more  than  any  other  port,  not  excepting  Sitka.  The  principal  settle- 
ment of  the  island  is  Iliuliuk  Harbor,  with  300  inhabitants.  It  is  the 
religious  metropolis  of  the  Aleutian  tribe.  From  tliis  point  the  light  of 
Christianity  spread  all  over  the  Aleutian  archipelago.  Ilere  lived  tLe 
apostle  of  tiie  Aleutes,  Father  John  Veniaminov,  whose  name  and  teach- 
ings are  reverently  transmitted  from  father  to  son  in  every  Aleutian 
family. 

Fishing  and  sea-otter  hunting  are  the  principal  occupations  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Unalaska.  I'^resh  and  dried  fish  is  the  staple  article  of 
food.  The  sea-otter  skins,  of  Avhich  the  IJnalaskans  secure  from  three 
to  four  hundied  a  year,  are  traded  at  the  rate  of  from  $15  to  $35  for 
clothing,  hardware,  crockery,  sugar,  tea,  and  tobacco. 

Tiie  Aleutian  tribe,  numbering  about  3,000,  represents  nine-tenths  of 
the  trade  of  the  Teiritory,  and  is  un(|uestionably  far  in  advanc*'.  of  all 
other  tribes  with  respect  to  moral,  religious,  and  social  development. 

1  am,  sir,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

S.  N.  BuYNlTZKY,  Clerk. 
Hon.  Gkokge  S.  Boutwell, 

Sicritary  af  the  Treasury. 


1871. 


Si)eeifil  Af/ent  Vliarles  lirijant;  Preliminary  Report  for  lf^71. 

Office  Speoiat,  Agency, 

St.  Paul  Inland,  May  1!),  1871. 

Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  rejjort  the  .arrival  on  the  15th  of  the  present 
month  at  this  island  of  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company's  steamer 
Alexander,  laden  with  material  and  supplies  for  the  island.  As  I  liave 
received  no  communication  whatever  from  the  Department  by  said 
steamer,  I  must  conclude  that  such  matter  must  have  been  sent  by 
.nistake  to  Sitka,  in  which  case  1  am  not  likely  to  receive  it  for  a  year 
or  so,  and  I  beg  leave  to  request  that  as  no  vessels  but  those  belonging 
to  the  Alaska  Commercial  Coinjuiny  visit  those  islands,  instructions  be 
given  that  all  mails  be  forwarded  to  those  islands  from  San  Francisco 
direct. 

In  the  absence  of  any  instructions,  1  shall  be  guided  by  i  certified 
copy  of  the  act  of  Congress  authorizing  the  lease  and  the  conditions 
of  the  lease  as  given  me  by  the  company. 

1  am  happy  to  report  that  thus  far  the  conditions  have  been  fully 
complied  with.  The  store  has  been  well  stocked  with  goods  of  good 
(piality  and  sold  at  low  prices;  provisions  also  the  same. 

The  liealtli  of  the  inliabitants  has  been  very  good  since  my  last 
report.  There  have  been  (i  births  and  (•  deaths — 1  adult,  2  boys — and 
3  infants. 

The  Alaska  Commercial  Company  have  brought  at  their  own  expense 
a  i)liysician  to  reside  iternianently  on  the  island. 

In  November  last  a  school  was  opened  for  the  natives,  which  was 


22 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


attended  by  29  pupils,  wliidi  ^vcro  between  the  ages  of  5  and  17  years. 
Tlie  average  attendance  was  95  per  cent.  All  manifested  great  interest 
in  learning  the  English  language  and  made  good  progress.  All  learned 
the  ali)habet,  and  many  were  able  to  read  simple  ::(entences. 

I  herewith  transmit  a  veiy  able  report  of  Acting  Assistant  Special 
Agent  Samuel  Falconer  on  the  condition  of  the  'sland  of  St.  George, 
under  his  ciiarge. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  respectfully,  yours, 

Chakles  Bryant, 
Speeial  Agent,  TreaxKry  Department. 

Hon.   (lEOIKiE   S.    IU)UTWEI.L, 

^ccrrtarij  of  the  Treunuri/. 


Tiejxirl  of  Axsixldtil  .liieiil  Falconer. — Iiiclosure  tritk   rrport  of  Special  Aqent  Ilri/ant, 

dated  May  19,  1S71. 

St.  George  Island,  Bering  Sea,  May  14, 1871. 

Sir:  Having  been  appointed  by  you  October  10, 1870,  to  a(;t  as  your 
assistant  on  St.  (ieorge  Island,  I  beg  leave  to  submit  the  following 
report. 

On  arriving  at  my  post  of  duty  I  was  furnished  by  your  late  assistant, 
Mr.  S.  N.  Buynitzky,  the  following  statement,  pnr])orting  to  be  the 
number  of  seals  taken  during  his  term  of  office,  together  with  that  of 
Lieut,  li.  Henderson,  for  the  year  1870  up  to  time  of  writing: 

St.  Geokok  I,slan-.\,  October  14, 1870, 
Then'  wcro  taken  tliisyoar,  n]i  to  .Tiily  17,  2,434  fur  aeal;  frou. ,.     y  X7  to  October  10, 
4,Hu2;  a  toial  of  6,TW.     ( )f  this  numUcr  L500  skins  aio  ko])t  irot;  from  any  private 
claim.  sul)ie(  t  to  further  ordiirs  of  tlie  TreaHiiry  Department. 

S.    N.    HUYNITZKV. 

In  addition  to  this  number,  there  were  taken  daring  the  close  of  the 
season  -tT.'t  inr  seals,  inaking  a  grand  total  of  7,259  for  the  year  1870. 

Tlie  number  of  seal  [)aps  killed  during  the  whole  season  for  native 
food  foots  up  to  1,20(1,  and  iirc  not  included  in  the  above  ligures. 

As  the  fur-seal  season  was  almost  closed  before  my  arrival,  [  am  unable 
to  fiirni.sh  you  with  much  of  a  report  on  this  subject,  but  will  confine 
my  remarks  chieliy  to  tiie  native  inhabitants  of  tlie  place,  together  with 
other  incidents  of  interest  wiiicli  liappened  from  time  to  time. 

I  was  not  long  a  resident  of  the  i)lace  until  1  found,  to  my  astonish- 
ment, a  higher  degree  of  civilization  existing  among  them  than  I  antici- 
])ate(l ;  and  I  am  happy  to  add  in  reference  to  this  that  the  new  arrivfils 
who  are  in  tlie  employ  of  the  Alaska  Commercial  Oompany  jiroved  to 
be  no  ways  detrimental  to  them  in  their  ideas,  but  on  tlie  contrary 
as.sisted  them  in  cairying  out  this  order  of  civilization  into  a  higher 
degree  tif  perfection.  Indeed,  I  can  not  si)eak  too  highly  of  Mr.  Brown, 
the  agent  of  this  company,  who  has  been  very  particular  in  carrying  out 
the  conditions  of  the  agieeiiient  between  the  company  .and  the  Govern- 
ment, and  the  many  other  acts  of  kindness  shown  them  in  aid  of  their 
comfort  has  rendered  him  quite  a  favorite  among  them. 

The  (!ompany  has  furnished  abundance  of  everything  that  is  neces- 
sary for  the  comibrt  and  sustenance  of  life,  and  from  the  very  low 
prices  charged  jn  many  of  the  principal  articles  has  left  no  room  for 
complaints. 

In  speaking  of  these  people,  I  may  safely  state  that  I  know  of  no 
class  of  the  human  race  that  enjoy  them.selves  any  more  than  they  do. 
Scarcely  has  an  evening  passed  over  their  heads  but  they  have  engaged 
in  dancing  or  some  other  amusements. 


thi 
of 
sta 
thi 

N( 
tni 


S 
Ala 
cial 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIK8. 


23 


Tho  bealtli  of  the  island  is  good,  there  being  no  disease  of  any  kind 
upon  it,  tlie  number  of  deaths  sinoe  ray  arrival  being  3,  2  of  which  were 
infants,  and  caused  by  sheer  neglect  of  their  parents;  the  other  was 
a  child  of  5  years,  the  ailment  of  which  had  been  of  long  standing. 
Quite  difierent  from  that  of  last  year,  when  there  were  1!)  deaths  recorded 
on  the  books  kept  by  the  chief  of  the  island.  From  inquiry  I  have 
learned  tliat  many  of  the  deaths  referred  to  were  caused  by  the  manu- 
facture and  use  of  "  quas,"  a  kind  of  liquor  made  by  the  natives  out  of 
Hour  and  sugar.  This  year  there  has  been  a  stop  put  to  the  manufac- 
turing of  tho  article,  tlie  result  of  which  will  doubtless  keep  many  from 
filling  early  graves. 

The  number  of  births  up  to  date  were  5;  4  of  which  are  alive  and 
doing  well. 

On  tlie  Isfc  of  November  last  a  school  was  reestiiblished  for  the 
natives,  the  attendance  on  which  numbers  about  25,  and  from  the 
advanced  state  they  were  left  in  by  our  friend  Mr.  Buynitzky  it  was  no 
ditlicult  task  to  get  along  with  them.  They  are  making  rapid  progress, 
and  feel  anxious  to  learn  the  English  language.  Men  who  have 
advanced  to  the  age  of  30  and  40  attend  school  and  are  making  equal 
progress. 

The  temperature  of  the  weather  I  Icept,  and  used  Fahrenheit's  ther- 
mometer. For  the  last  two  months  of  the  year  1870  the  mean  temper- 
ature ranged  as  follows:  For  November,  30.80;  December,  28.60;  for 
January,  1871,  mean  30.04;  February,  23.22;  March,  14.85,  and  April, 
32.52.  The  coldest  day  during  the  entire  winter  season  was  on  the  19th 
of  February,  the  thermometer  indicating  as  low  as  zero,  although  you 
will  perceive  that  March  was  the  coldest  month  by  great  odds. 

On  tlie  2d  of  this  month  the  ice  made  its  appearance  and  landed  on 
the  north  side  of  the  island  in  a  limited  (juantity,  but  day  after  day  it 
forced  its  way  along  from  the  north  until  it  made  a  complete  bridge 
between  this  island  and  that  of  St.  Paul.  Indeed,  I  am  of  opinion 
that  the  whole  surface  of  the  sea  to  the  north  of  this  was  a  solid  sheet 
of  ice.  In  a  report  given  by  a  former  agent  of  this  Territory,  it  was 
stated  that  the  white  bear  was  known  to  frequent  these  islands.  At 
that  time  I  doubted  the  assertion,  but  to-day  I  am  ready  to  indorse  it. 
Not  that  I  have  seen  any  pay  us  a  visit,  but  it  is  not  but  what  an  oppor- 
tunity has  presented  itself  for  them  m  do  so. 

The  schooner  JL  M.  Hutchinson  (owners,  Hutchinson,  Kohl  &  Co.,  Sau 
Francisco)  sailed  from  this  island  on  the  20th  of  October  last  in  ballast, 
en  route  for  .San  Francisco,  E.  Henning  in  commanil;  also  the  steam- 
ship Constantincy  same  owners,  sailed  from  here  on  the  12th  of  (Jctober 
last  en  route  for  San  Francisco,  with  1,800  salted  seal  skins  on  board 
taken  from  this  island,  M.  C.  Erskine  in  command. 
I  am  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

Samuel  Falconer, 
Acting  Assistant  Special  Agent. 

Oapt.  (Jhaules  Kuyant, 

Special  Agent  of  Treasury  Department. 


Special  Agent  Bryant :  Annual  Report  for  1871. 

Fairhaven,  Mass.,  November  10, 1871. 

SiE:  T  have  the  honor  to  report  the  arrival  at  St.  Paul  Island, 
Alaska  Territory,  on  the  31st  of  July  last  past,  the  Alaska  Commer- 
cial Company's  steamer  Alexander,  from   San  Francisco,  having  on 


24 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


board  as  passenger  Stephen  N.  Buynitzky,  esq.,  a  clerk  of  the  Depart- 
ment, with  autliority  to  take  charge  of  tlie  islands  and  allow  nie  to 
rei)ort  for  duty  in  the  Atlantic  States,  and  now  beg  leave  to  submit  the 
following  report: 

For  the  details  of  my  administration  from  tlie  time  of  my  taking 
charge  of  the  seal  islands,  Jnly  10,  1870,  nntil  the  departure  of  the 
Alaska  Commercial  Company's  steamer  Constant iiic,  October  12  of  the 
same  year,  I  beg  leave  to  refer  to  my  former  rei)orts,  dated  July  14 
and  October  12,  respectively.  The  sealing  season  had  so  nearly 
exi)ired  at  that  time  that  only  1,G00  seals  were  taken  for  their  skins. 

November  2  about  4  inches  of  snow  fell,  and,  it  becoming  snlliciently 
cold  for  the  ]mrpose,  the  natives  commenced  taking  their  supply  of 
winter  food  and  completed  it  the  11th  of  the  same  month,  taking  in  all 
2,800  young  seals.  These  were  obtained  by  driving  tlie  females  with 
tlieir  young  to  tlie  uplands,  where  the  pups  were  caught  and  examined, 
males  only  being  selected  for  this  purpose,  the  others  being  allowed 
to  return  to  the  rookery.  Those  selected  are  driven  to  the  village  and 
slaughtered,  after  which  the  ciiiefs  apportion  to  each  family  its  part. 
Some  families  preserve  by  salting;  others  suspend  the  carcass  on  poles, 
allowing  them  to  freeze,  and  are  so  preserved  ior  eating  fresh.  Tliese 
pui)s  at  the  time  are  4  months  old,  and  weigh  on  an  average  3GA  pounds. 
Their  skins  have  no  commercial  value. 

The  principal  occupation  of  the  natives  during  the  winter  mouths  is 
hunting  foxes,  which  abound  in  large  numbers  on  the  island,  for  their 
skins  for  sale,  and  shooting  such  small  game  for  food  as  can  be  found 
at  that  time  of  year.  The  pi'>sent  year  the  company  has  paid  pre- 
miums to  the  parties  getting  the  *^hree  highest  numbers,  and  und(^!r  this 
stimulant  1,400  were  ti^keu  during  the  months  of  November,  December, 
January,  and  February. 

During  the  holidays,  from  Christmas  to  Lent,  there  was  much  drunk- 
enness from  beer  made  by  fermenting  sugar  and  flour  together.  The 
evil  became  so  great  that  it  was  found  necessary  to  restrict  the  sale  of 
sugar  to  a  bare  ration,  sufficient  for  their  tea,  and  even  then  so  strong 
was  their  appetite  that  they  would  associate  together  and  save  their 
small  allowance  nntil  enough  could  be  had  to  have  a  holiday,  as  they 
term  it.  This  was  especially  the  case  on  birth  and  saint  days.  Fortu- 
nately, it  does  not  make  them  quarrelsome.  Twice  1  found  it  necessary 
to  interpose  my  authority  to  prevent  disturbance  among  the  natives, 
and  once  a  difficulty  occurred  between  the  first  chief,  when  drunk,  and 
one  of  the  employees  of  the  company,  which  led  to  some  dissatisfaction 
among  the  iieople,  but  the  trouble  was  amicably  arranged. 

There  is  no  authority  in  the  native  government  or  provision  for 
punishing  crime  other  than  the  church  by  penance,  and  this  seems 
insufficient  for  this  kind  of  misdemeanor.  It  would  seem  worthy  of 
consideration  Avhether  authority  should  not  be  given  the.  oflicer  in 
charge  of  the  island  to  impose  small  lines  in  these  cases  and  apply  the 
proceeds  to  relieving  the  necessities  of  the  poor. 

The  only  ])ossible  place  where  a  school  could  be  accommodated  was 
the  dining  room  of  the  employees  of  the  company,  and  that  could  be  had 
only  two  hours  each  afternoon.  As  early  as  practicable  a  school  was 
opened,  and  both  parents  and  children  were  deeply  interested  in  its 
success.  It  was  attended  by  29  scholars  between  the  ages  of  5  and  18, 
the  average  attendance  being  0")  per  cent.  All  learned  the  alphabet, 
and  mpjiy  to  read  simple  sentences.  But  great  difficulty  was  experi- 
enced in  enabling  them  to  understand  the  meaning,  their  isolated  con- 
dition being  unfavorable  to  the  development  of  ideas,  and  it  was  found 


M 


■I 


cc 


tri 


\e 
th( 
th< 
th( 
ail 


It 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


25 


Jopart- 

nie  to 

init  the 

taking 

of  tlie 
5  of  the 
July  14 

nearly 
kins, 
iciently 
ipply  of 
\<f  in  all 
les  with 
amiiiecl, 
allowed 
age  and 
its  part. 
)n  poles, 
.    These 

poundvS. 

icnths  is 
for  their 
be  found 
)aid  pre- 
mier this 
ecember, 

ih  drunk- 
ler.  The 
le  sale  of 
so  strong 
ave  their 
•,  as  they 
Fortu- 
necessary 
i  natives, 
lunk, and 
.tisfaction 

vision  for 

his  seems 

worthy  of 

ofiicer  in 

apply  the 

dated  was 
lid  be  had 
school  was 
ited  in  its 
'  5  aiul  1>S, 
alphabet, 
,'as  experi- 
:)lated  eon- 
was  found 


I 

( 


that  the  only  effective  method  was  object  teaching,  for  which  there 
existed  a  scant  sui)i)ly  of  material.  The  school  had  to  be  closed  in  April, 
and  owing  to  thedilliculty  of  many  attending  during  the  sealing  season 
it  had  not  been  resumed.  At  the  time  of  my  leaving,  August  lo,  a  large 
buii<ling  was  being  litted  expressly  for  the  school  and  a  place  for  the 
people  to  assemble. 

Tlie  i>ast  winter  has  been  the  most  severe  in  long-continued  cold 
weather  in  the  memory  of  theoldest  inhabitants  of  the  island.  On  the.'jth 
of  February  large  bodi<'S  of  drift  ice  came  down  from  the  north,  envel- 
oping tiie  island  on  all  sides,  and  did  not  finally  disai)pear  until  May, 
a  period  of  ninety  days.  Although  no  considerable  ice  formed  along 
the  shores  of  the  island,  huge  sheets  of  this  d  rift  i(!e,  .'i  or  4  feet  thick,  were 
])uslu'd  by  the  tide  hig..  on  the  rocks,  aiul  remained,  obstructing  the 
rookeries,  until  late  in  June  before  melting.  Owing  to  this  cause  the 
seals  were  a  month  later  than  usual  in  landing,  and  many  lauded  in  a 
(crippled  condition,  exhibiting  evidence  of  having  suffered  injury  in 
working  through  tlie  large  bodies  of  ice  to  the  south  of  the  island. 

Jlay  15,  187 1,  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company's  steamer  Alexander 
arrived  from  kSan  Francisco,  having  on  board  the  general  agent  of  the 
Alaska  Commercial  Company  and  a  number  of  employees  to  reside 
permanently  on  the  island.  The  steamer  had  also  as  passengers  the 
Knsso  (ireek  bishop  from  San  Francisco,  with  his  attendants,  making  a 
parochial  visit  and  to  minister  to  the  spiritual  wants  of  the  people.  The 
steamer  having  touched  at  St.  George,  in  accordance  with  verbfil  orders 
given  him  by  me  Special  Agent  Samuel  Falconer  came  to  confer  with 
me  in  regard  to  tlie  affairs  of  that  island.  The  steamer  brought  all 
needful  supplies  and  material  for  conducting  the  business  of  taking  seal 
skins.  These  were  landed  and  a  small  number  of  seal  skins  shipped 
(3,418,  as  per  certificate  dated  May  19, 1871).  The  steamer  sailed  on  the 
lOtli  for  San  Francisco. 

A  small  number  of  seals  were  taken  for  food  during  the  month  of 
May  and  the  skins  salted. 

.lune  1,  the  seals  being  present  in  suflicient  numbers,  the  company 
commenced  taking  skins.  This  employed  all  the  natives  steadily,  the 
worJcing  force  of  the  island  being  just  sufficient  to  perform  the  work  in 
the  given  time. 

June  11  the  com]»any'8  bark  C'yane  arrived  from  San  Francisco  laden 
with  lumber,  wood,  aiul  salt  for  the  island.  There  were  several  fami- 
lies residing  on  the  island  who  came  here  in  the  employ  of  the  former 
Russian  Fur  Company  from  the  island  of  Kadiak.  At  the  time  of  the 
transfer  of  the  Territory  four  of  these  contracted  to  work  in  the  employ 
of  Williams  &  Havens,  of  New  London,  Conn.,  to  be  returned  by  them 
to  Kadiak  at  the  eiul  of  the  sealing  season  of  18G9.  It  not  being  con- 
venient for  the  agent  of  Williams  &  Havens  to  do  this,  they  agreed  with 
him  to  cancel  &  .id  contract  and  received  8100  each  instead  of  the  con- 
\  eyance  to  Kadiak  iind  have  8in(;e  resided  on  the  island,  sharing  with 
the  other  natives  in  the  labor  and  proceeds  of  the  sealing  business.  As 
the  bark  (Jt/anewiiH  to  return  by  way  of  Kadiak,  and  the  agent  gave 
them  permission  to  take  passage,  four  families  availed  themselves  of  it. 
These  contained  eight  adults  and  five  children. 

The  bark  having  landed  her  sui)i)lies,  sailed  again  on  the  Ifith  for  San 
Francisco,  via  Uualaska  and  Kadiak,  and  the  sealing  was  continued 
untilJuly  .'{1. 

July  .'51,  the  steamer  Alexander  arrived  from  San  Francisco  with  sup- 
plies tor  the  ensuing  winter.  After  landing  part  of  her  cargo,  on  August 
1  the  steamer  visited  the  island  of  St.  George  to  laud  supplies  and  to 


26 


ALASKA.   INDUSTRIES. 


take  oil  boiU'd  skins.  Stephen  N.  Huynitzky,  acting  luuler  verbal  orders 
from  me,  took  passage  on  her  for  the  purposi!  of  conveying  to  yaniuel  l''al- 
coner  a  letter  of  ai)pointnient  as  special  agent  of  tlie  Treasnry  Depart- 
ment; also  a  letter  of  instrnctions  from  myself,  a  copy  of  which,  witii  a 
copy  of  his  report  on  the  condition  of  that  island,  I  herewitli  inclose. 

'riune  are  on  the  island  a  pojmlation  of  370  natives,  so  called.  These 
are  about  one-half  i)ure  Aleutian  blood,  the  other  half  of  (treole  blood. 
In  several  the  foreign  element  predominates.  Tliey  have  a  well-organ- 
ized system  of  government,  imder  chiefs  of  their  own  selection,  subject 
to  removal  at  the  will  of  the  people  whenever  they  choose.  Tliose  now 
acting  have  done  so  for  three  years,  and  are  very  efticient  nuMi.  These 
exercise  a  kind  of  patriarchal  supervision  over  tlie  atfairs  of  the  whole 
peojde,  but  possess  no  power  to  enforce  their  authority  beyond  the 
expression  of  their  Mill.  This  meets  all  their  wants  as  a  simjdc  com- 
munity, Init  there  somotimes  arise  contingencies  when  this  is  insutlicient. 

Tlie  proceeds  of  the  sealing  business  are  a  coiiiiiion  jtroperty,  shared 
by  all,  and  all  are  expected  to  participate  in  the  labor.  Sometimes, 
when  delivering  skins  to  ships,  some  are  disposed  to  shirk  their  duty 
for  apparently  frivolous  reasons.  In  suith  cases  I  have  felt  called  on  to 
exercise  my  authority.  There  is  always  a  liability  of  differences  arising 
between  natives  and  the  employees  of  the  coinjjany  which  call  for  the 
exer(!ise  of  Judicial  jxtwers.  These  make  it  worth  wliile  to  consider  how 
far  the  resident  oHicer  should  be  empowered  to  atit  in  cases  where  an 
appeal  to  the  Department  would  retpiire  a  year  to  get  a  decision. 

The  poi)ulation  of  St.  Paul  is  249;  that  of  St.  (ieorge  127.  This 
is  somewhat  uneijual  in  ])ro|)ortioii  to  the  labor  and  proceeds  of  the 
sealing  business,  St.  Paul  having  two-thirds  of  the  population  with 
three-fourths  of  the  labor  and  jiroceeds;  but  this  will  probably  be 
equalized  by  the  removal  of  some  of  the  people  from  St.  George  to  St. 
Paul. 

The  population  of  both  islands — except  the  chiefs,  who  live  in  wooden 
houses  of  their  own — are  living  in  underground  houses  built  of  turf, 
containing  three  compartments — an  outer  one  where,  in  an  open  space, 
the  cooking  is  done,  with  blubber  for  fuel ;  a  middle  one,  half  workroom 
and  half  outhouse;  an  inner  one,  not  larger  than  10  by  12,  lighted  by  a 
single  sash.  Not  half  of  these  have  wooden  lloors  or  ceilings.  Here, 
crowded  together,  without  ventilation,  to  keep  themselves  warm  as 
they  best  can  by  animal  heat  during  long,  tedious  winters,  sickness 
necessarily  prevails,  and  witlumt  means  to  struggle  against  privation  or 
for  comfort,  their  average  life  is  shortened,  and  their  later  years  are  full 
of  pain  and  sutferihg,  while  lull  half  the  infants,  for  want  of  care,  do  not 
live  six  montiis.  This  is  the  condition  where  the  experience  of  tlie  mili- 
tary and  civil  officers  and  employees  of  the  company  demonstrates  the 
climate  to  be  especially  favorable  to  robust  health.  1  would  most  re- 
spectfully ask,  in  behalf  of  these  people,  that  ai)plication  be  made  to 
Congress  for  an  appropriation  to  furnish  material  to  build  small,  wooden 
houses  above  ground.  There  are  native  carpenters  sufliciently  skillful 
to  do  all  the  labor.  All  that  is  necessary  is  to  furnish  the  material  at 
the  islands  and  place  it  in  charge  of  the  Government  otlicer,  who  will  see 
to  its  proper  disposal  and  use.  Such  material  would  cost,  at  the  island, 
$500  per  house,  and  the  number  required  would  be,  on  St.  Paul  40,  and 
St.  George  20.  The  company  propose  building  such  houses  and  allow 
the  natives  to  live  in  them,  but  refuse  to  sell  the  lumber  or  houses  to 
them,  being  averse  to  the  natives  acquiring  any  right  or  title  to  such 
property  on  the  island.  This,  for  obvious  reasons,  ought  not  to  be. 
The  natives  are  already  more  than  suflHciently  dependent  on  the  com- 
pany, and  ought  not  to  hold  their  houses  at  the  will  of  the  resident  agent. 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES.  27 

Oonpress,  by  leasing  their  island  and  taxing  its  only  indugtfy,  thfr  in^al 
lialiery,  so  lieavily  as  to  ])r('(!ludo  tlie  company's  being  litx?iaM/w*r  it  to 
tlieni  to  see  tliat  tliey  iiave  every  reasonai)le  comfort  and  urn  UtUy  fttn 
tected  in  tlieir  rights.  It  is  donbtful  wiietiier,  witiiout  th«  risfht  (ft 
ownership  in  tlieir  honses,  they  can  be  induced  to  (;iiaijg«  thtiir  etm- 
iirnied  habits  so  as  to  secure  the  necessary  conditions  of  i'.U^t$ytitf.n^ 
and  comfort  desirable  for  tlieir  better  healtii. 

Home  method  might  be  adopted  by  whicli  they  might  r«payU»«/rtjJ,lay 
lor  their  houses,  as  the  proceeds  of  the  seal  lisiiery,  $'A),(HHt mt  Hi,  j'anl 
and  $10,000  on  St.  (leorge,  annually  paid  by  the  comjiaiiy.  in  futtftty 
sullicient  with  proper  economy  for  all  the  comforts  and  untuy  of  f,h»r 
conveniences  of  civilization. 

In  my  ie])ort  to  the  Department  dated  October  lo,  1>S70.  I  U»tl  the, 
honor  of  calling  attention  to  certain  exigencies  existing  nihU't  Iha  r»«;w 
arrangement  of  affairs  at  the  islands.  One  was  that  a  siiitabl«  ttniMUiff 
be  erected  on  each  island  for  the  accommodation  of  tij«  iioYtitfitn(-:nt 
ollicers,  they  being  now  dependent  on  the  company.  \\  lio'^i  ittuMtst  are 
limited  for  their  own  employees. 

Another  was  that  a  i)hysician  be  allowed  for  each  island  ai«l  i«»wl  )iy 
the  Government,  and  tliat  suitable  buildings  be  erected  for  tUnir  acctftn' 
modation.  Should  this  be  granted,  [  would  suggest  that  mm  IrtiJIding 
be  erected  for  both  purposes,  as  less  expensive. 

Still  another  was  that  an  additional  ollicer  bo  allowed  t^it^'U  i*\fi,tu\. 
This  J  deem  important  for  the  following  reasons:  The  iijf<(;i<«t*  f/f  thft 
(iovernmeiit  are  too  great  to  be  left  dependent  on  the  ht^AMiofn  Ain$(ie 
oillcer,  the  great  distance  and  infrequent  communication  rt^iHltttiua  if, 
liable  tliat  a  whole  year  might  elapse  before  the  informatw^H  *i*mUi  tm 
transmitted  and  the  want  supplied.  Another,  and  ecpially  Jmjx/rfaot,  is 
that  the  nature  of  the  business  is  such  that  the  re(juirwi  k^jinywlHlge 
necessary  to  keep  the  Government  informed  of  its  conclitious  iu  wivnuv.c, 
can  only  be  obtained  by  a  residence  on  the  island  at  least  ottti  yt^r  and 
by  careful  observation  comparing  one  year  with  another;  nm  can  it 
be  imparted  to  anotnci  unless  on  the  ground,  ai;d  in  th«  avtutt  tif  a 
change  of  oliicers  the  experience  of  the  one  leaving  V'>uld  ixi  \tmi  to  the 
Government. 

The  whole  number  of  seals  taken  during  tiie  year  IHO.^,  ^k  «iM««rtained 
by  actual  count  on  their  delivery  in  July,  1870,  was — 

On  St.  Paul  Island ,,, WO,  !W2 

On  St.  fJeorge  Island ., '^f,  !W)9 

Total...   K>,»y\ 

Seah  killed  durinq  the  year  1870. 
On  St.  PaulWand: 

From  April  28  to  July  1 ',i,',»»i 

.Inly  1  to  October  9  (salted) ti,H& 

(Jut  skins  (not  salted) ,  Jf7jl 

October  9  to  November  30  (salted) \,f/^ 

Cut  skins  (not  salted) SKXZ 

Young  seals  killed  for  winter  supply  of  food  for  natives ,  if^WW 

Total lv^,»J4 

On  St.  George  Island : 

Previous  to  .Inly  1 I,7SW 

July  1  to  October  10 <, CitW? 

October  10  to  close  of  the  season , . ,        Vl^ 

Pups  for  winter  supply ,    i,  SWO* 

Total ,,,,,,,,,,    §,4S& 

Grand  total  for  1870 23>,773 


28 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIKS. 


Skinn  taken  during  the presiiit  Bcaiion,  lH7t,  up  to  Juli/  St. 
On  fit.  Paul : 

May  for  native  food 418 

Juno 20,  012 

July 21  708 

CutHkinM  rcjoctod Xi't 

Total «5.r)03 

Ht.  0«'or({o  iHland,  iih  per  report  of  Special  A({<"it  Mainiiel  Fulcoiiitr  up  to  .July  'M .  17,  OOO 

Total  on  both  islands  up  toJuly  :il,  1871 02,50:1 

Besides  the  above,  1  per  cent  should  be  iillow<;d  Cor  loss  by  heating 
while  driving  and  otherwise.  This  will  cover  all  seal^  kJled  at  tlie 
islands.  During  the  interval  between  .Inly  1,  the  dateof  tlieactautlior- 
izing  tlie  lease  and  its  promulgation  .it  tiie  islands  ( )ctober  10,  there  was 
killed  on  St.  I'aul  <),4-iy  and  on  St.  (Jcorge  4,!»87  animals  for  food  for 
the  natives.  These  were  mostly  1  year-old  seals,  and  their  skins  were 
not  of  prime  value.  Of  these,  there  were  resei\ t-d, in  aceordance  with 
the  plans  stated  in  my  report  of  July  11,  1^70,  and  salted  on  (lovern- 
ment  account  on  St.  I'aul  2,()U>  and  on  St.  (Jeorge  l,/i<K)  skins.  Tiiese 
are  the  same  mentioned  in  my  report  of  May  1!»,  lH7I,th(i  necessary 
order  for  the  shipment  of  which  miscarried  by  mail,  and  I  on'.y  received 
the  certified  co\)y  at  the  date  of  my  leaving  the  island,  when  no  oppor- 
tunity occurred  for  shipping  them,  the  steamer  being  loaded  to  her 
fullest  capacity  with  skins  belonging  to  her  owners.  The  remainder  of 
these  skins  are  ih  the  handsof  the  AlaskaCommen-ial  Company,  and,  not 
being  worth  the  tax,  are  left  on  the  islands.  Skins  damaged  by  cutting 
have  always  sold  at  half  price  in  market,  and  the  same  rates  have  been 
paid  for  them  at  the  salt  houses.  Since  the  leasing  they,  not  being  con- 
sidered worth  the  tax,  have  been  rejected  by  the  company.  This  has 
resulted  in  no  loss,  as  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  the  foregoing  state- 
ment. Formerly  the  average  of  cut  skins  equaled  <»  per  c<'nt  of  the 
whole.  Since  their  rejection  the  average  has  decreased  to  three-fourths 
of  1  per  cent. 

About  6,000  gallons  of  oil  have  been  rendered,  at  a  f;ost  of  2.5  cents 
per  gallon  by  allowing  the  natives  <>  cents  per  gall<»n  for  skinning  and 
carrying  the  blubber  to  the  place  of  rendering — a  compensation 
S(;arcely  in  proportion  to  the  labor,  as  the  saving  of  tlie  oil  doubles  the 
skinning  and  carrying.  The  cost  of  rendcning  ('2'>  cents)  added  to  the 
tax  (.JO  cents)  makes  a  total  of  80  cents  per  gallon  at  the  island,  while 
the  market  value  is  less  than  .^0  cents.  It  must  be  ol  vious  no  com- 
l)any  can  afford  to  incur  the  expense  necessary  for  carrying  on  a  busi- 
ness involving  such  positive  loss.  In  my  o|)inion,  no  great  revenue  can 
be  derived  from  taxing  the  oil,  and  as  the  natives  are  the  parties  most 
to  be  benefited  by  its  saving  by  us,  it  affording  an  additional  industry 
to  their  island,  I  would  suggest  that  in  i»lac(;  of  a  revenue  tax  there  be 
established  a  regulation  fixing  a  stipulated  priw;,  say  20  cents  per  gal- 
lon, to  be  paid  by  the  company  to  the  natives  for  all  the  oil  shii>ped 
from  the  island.  This  would  leave  a  margin  sulliiiicnt  to  pay  the  cost 
of  reiulering  and  shipping.  In  this  way  about  .'>(>,(M)0  gallons  of  oil 
may  be  obtained  annually  above  or  over  what  blubber  is  re([uired  by 
the  .  atives  for  fuel.  The  proceeds  of  this  would  enable  them  to  i>ur- 
chase  wood  or  coal  to  warm  their  houses  in  winter,  the  blubber  being 
entirely  unfitted  for  that  purpose,  and  is  now  burned  in  an  outhouse 
for  cooking  only,  the  00  cords  of  wood  now  annually  distributed  among 
them  being  iusutlicient  for  baking  purposes. 


418 

.  '.'0,012 

21  70H 

..  »r.,r)03 
I.  n.tMH) 


..  o2,r>o:{ 

hcatiiiR 
I  at  the 
;  anthor- 
liere  was 
food  for 
iiiH  were 
lice  with 
Cfovern. 
.    These 
ecesHary 
received 
lo  oppor- 
d  to  her 
ainder  of 
,  and, not 
y  cutting 
lavebeen 
eing  con- 
This  has 
ng  state- 
nt  of  the 
le- fourths 

25  cents 
ining  and 
pcnsation 
•nblea  tlie 
ed  to  tlie 
iiid,  while 
s  no  com- 
on  a  busi- 
venue  can 
rties  most 

industry 
X  tiiere  be 
;s  per  gal- 
il  shipped 
,y  the  cost 
ens  of  oil 
(juired  by 
em  to  pur- 
>ber  being 

outhouse 
ted  among 


\ 


1 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


29 


TIhj  breeding  rookeries,  so  called,  are  the  rocky  shores  selected  by 
the  old  males  for  that  purpose.  They  are  of  variable  length,  from  one- 
eight  ii  of  a  mile  to  .'{  mil<^s  in  length,  and  from  5  to  r)()  rods  in  width, 
sepiiratcd  I'rom  «'a(!li  other  by  intervals  of  sand  beach  from  a  few  rods 
to  (i  miles  in  length.  The  old  males  land  early  on  these  places  and  pre- 
vent any  but  females  o(u;npying  them  with  themselves.  All  the  other 
classes,  with  those  selected  for  killing,  occupy  the  uplands  immediately 
in  the  rear  of  these.  It  is  claimed  by  the  natives  that  the  seals  return 
invariably  the  secitnd  year  to  their  i)Ia<es  of  birth  and,  when  not  too 
often  distiubed  l)y  driving,  continue  to  do  so. 

This  is  important,  as  will  appear,  and  I  have  instituted  experiments 
to  determine  lh((  fact  by  having  JOO  male  pups  selected  before  I 
leave  and  marked  by  (Mitting  olV  tlie  right  ear,  on  a  rookery  1  mile  north 
of  the  villagi!,  and  a  like  number  with  the  left  ear,  on  the  rookery  to 
south  of  village.  Tiiis  has  been  done  for  two  years,  and  next  year  the 
tirst  will  be  old  enough  to  be  taken.  The  seals  occupy  the  southeast 
and  southwest  siiorcs  of  the  island  fin-  a  distance  of  25  miles.  For 
convenience  and  to  save  long  driving  three  salt  houses  have  been  built, 
one  at  tlie  village,  one  5  miles  west  of  that  point,  and  one  at  the  north- 
east point,  J2  milesdistant.  Itbeingmore  convenient  to  takeand  ship 
skins  from  the  village,  the  tendency  is  to  kill  an  undue  jn'oportion  of 
tli(!  whole  number  taken  from  the  island  from  the  adjacent  rookeries, 
which  contain  less  than  one-fourth  of  the  numi)er.  To  do  this  necessi- 
tates their  being  driven  at  too  short  intervals  from  the  same  places,  so 
that  those  driven  to  the  killing  ground  and  aUowed  to  return  to  the 
water  as  unlit  for  present  use  do  not  return  to  their  old  places,  but 
sliitt  to  n:ore  distant  i)arts  of  the  islands.  This  has  been  the  effect 
Irom  the  season  of  18(»8,  as  over  one-half  the  skins  taken  each  year 
have  been  from  these  places.  I  would  therefore  suggest  that  a  regula- 
tion be  established  requiring  the  seals  to  be  taken  from  all  the  rookeries 
in  such  nunib(;r  as  the  size  of  the  rookery  bears  to  the  whole  number 
on  the  islands. 

The  breeding  males  and  females  occupy  the  same  ground  from  year 
to  year  without  leaving  their  places  until  the  end  of  Jaly  and  no  other 
classes  mix  with  them.  These  have  clearly  defined  boundaries  entirely 
separate  from  the  grounds  occupied  by  the  classes  driven  for  killing, 
and  are  never  disturbed  by  it. 

As  these  are  the  sources  that  produce  the  supply,  and  the  age  at 
which  most  of  them  are  killed  is  3  years,  their  condition  will  furnish  a 
standard  by  which  to  estimale  the  product  three  years  in  advance.  A 
can'ful  comi)arison  of  their  condition  the  present  year  (1871)  with  those 
of  18()()  and  1870  shows  a  decrease  in  the  number  of  females  the  present 
year  equal  to  10  per  cent  of  the  two  former  years,  which  showed  a 
gradual  increase.  This  might  indicate  a  necessity  for  restricting  the 
number  to  be  taken,  were  it  not  that  the  excess  of  1870  will  compensate 
the  deficiencty  for  one  year,  but  should  two  successive  years  of  decrease 
follow  it  will  be  dilforent.  This  decrease  is  the  same  on  the  rook- 
eries where  no  seals  have  been  taken  since  1808  as  on  those  that  have 
been  worked  continually.  Whatever  may  be  the  cause  of  this  decrease 
I  am  sure  it  must  be  looked  for  outside  the  islands — a  period  of  the 
year  in  which  we  have  little  or  no  positive  knowledge  of  their  habits. 
Sutticient  search  has  been  made  for  their  winter  abodes,  with  a  view  to 
taking  their  skins  to  prove  they  do  not  land  in  any  considerable  num- 
bers on  any  known  land.  They  begin  to  leave  the  islands  early  in 
October  and  by  the  middle  of  December  have  all  left,  and  none  are 


30 


ALASKA   INDUUTKIEB. 


Hcon  iigiiiii  until  Aj)ril  or  May.  A  ftiw  hniulrod,  inoHtly  yoiuig  pups, 
lire  taken  by  tlio  liuliaiiH  around  Bitku,  l,li(i()  niilcH  euHt  of  Miu  iHlands, 
(luriMfi;  tlic  month  of  I  )e(H'iiib('r,  and  ajiain  in  March  on  tlioir  way  .'eturn- 
iuii  to  tho  inhmdH,  and  in  Fuliruary  oil'  Uhi  coast  of  1'riti.sli  Columbia, 
but  in  Huch  Hinall  numbors  as  to  maku  no  approciablo  dilVorenco  to  the 
innnunsc  nundH^-  tliat  visit  thu  islands  annually.  This  is  about  all  that 
is  known  positiv«!ly  of  thdr  winter  habits.  It  is  evident  tliat  sharks 
or  other  voracious  fish  jjrcy  on  the  young  ]nips  while  in  the  water, 
from  Mie  fact  that  of  more  than  a  million  im|>s  annually  leaving  the 
islands  not  <me  third  return  to  them  in  the  spring. 

The  time  of  tiie  arrival  of  the  seals  in  tlio  sjiring  varies  with  the 
season  from  the  middle  of  April  to  the  middle  of  May,  and  they  are 
l»resent  in  sufficient  numbers  for  taking  their  skins  before  the  Ist  of 
.June. 

In  such  (iases  a  discretionary  j)ower  may  be  granted  to  the  otlicer  as 
tlie  least  interested  party,  but  as  this  is  the  time  when  they  are  most 
easily  disturbed,  it  shouhl  be  done  with  caution. 

The  ntnv  system  nuiy  now  be  considered  as  fairly  inaugurated,  and 
although  it  has  not  been  done  without  some  friction  on  both  sides,  no 
serious  differences  have  arisen,  and  it  is  now  working  harmoniously. 
The  sujjplies  have  been  abundant  and  of  good  quality  and  sold  in 
(puintities  desired,  except  sugar,  which  for  reasons  before  stated  has 
been  restricted. 

All  the  conditions  of  the  lease  have  been  as  fully  complied  with  as 
the  conditions  of  the  situat''»n  jjermitted.  The  Alaska  (Commercial 
(!omi)any,  by  their  previous  establishment  on  the  island  and  ac<iuaint- 
ance  with  the  business,  have  been  able  to  meet  these  difliculties  better 
than  any  other  less  favorably  situated  could  have  done;  and  in  the 
suppression  of  intem]>erance  and  the  introduction  of  sanitary  measures 
I  have  had  the  hearty  cooperation  of  the  agent  and  employees  of  the 
company. 

1  have  the  honor  to  remain, 

CiJiARLKS  Bryant, 
Spevinl  AfieiK,  Treasury  J)epartment. 

Lion.  (iKOBOE  8.  BOTITWKLI., 

Secretary  of  the  Treaimry. 


Iiiolosure  with  Hryant'g  Report,  dated  November  10, 1871:  Letter  Bryant  to  Falconer, 

Headquarters  Spkoial  Acjency, 
»S7.  Faul  Islaiul,  Alaska,  Aiiyiint  :l,  1871. 
Sir:  You  are  hereby  instrmited  to  see  that  the  laws  of  the  United 
States  concerning  the  seal  fishery  under  the  contract  with  the  Alaska 
Commercial  Coui|)any  are  observed;  that  the  natives  are  protected  in 
their  right,  and  in  general  you  will  perform  all  those  acts  which  shall 
a|»pear  to  be  necessary  for  the  interests  of  the  United  States  in  that 
island,  and  rejjort  all  facts  in  connection  therewith  at  these  head- 
(piarters. 

Charles  Bryant, 
Special  Agent,  Treamiry  Department. 

Samuel  Falconer,  Esq., 

St.  George  Island. 


ALASKA    INDUSTIIIES. 


31 


Jnrloiinr  irilh    Itrynnl'i  Jtepurt  dated  Xiivnnhir   in,    tS7 1 : 

Falconer. 


Iltimrt  <i/  AmiiilaHt  Agent 


Speciak  Aoknt's  OI'FIOK, 

.S7.  (icort/e  lnl<iu<l,  Aiiiimt  3,  1871, 

Silt:  I  liavo  till',  honor  to  report  the,  arrival  of  tlio  Hlcainor  Ale.nintlar 
attliis  i.sluiid  on  tli(<  lid  inHtaut.  l)i'iniL>'iiiK  ucarf^o  of  all  nuedod  supitlieH 
for  tliu  coinini;  winter. 

.Since  tlic  date  of  my  last  report,  May  11,  1S71,  tiie  liarnioniouH  rela- 
tions iuaetoforo  existing  between  the  natives  and  the  (lovernnient  ami 
(company  have  eontinned  nniiiterrnpted,  the  natives  liavinfjf  worked 
faitiifully  duriiif;  tlie  jtast  two  inontiis  in  securin}^  siiins  and  provisions 
for  their  sustename  next  winter,  and  1  am  haitpy  to  state  tinit  with  the 
eoojieration  of  tiie  company's  aj^ent.  Mr.  Brown,  1  have  succeeded  in  so 
far  restricting  the  (piantity  of  spirituous  li(|nors  brewed  by  them  from 
their  sugar  and  llcmr  rations  that  no  intoxication  inis  \w,vn  manifest. 

Tiio  number  of  skins  secured  to  this  date  ann)unt  to  about  li>,(W}(),  of 
which  some  17,000  of  tiiis  year's  catch  and  ;t,(IOO  of  last  year's,  will  be 
at  present  shipped  i)er  A^crander,  as  i)er  certiticates  herewith  inclosed. 

riease  lind  also  intdosed  eertiti(!ates  for  20  cords  wood  turned  over 
to  the  natives  by  the  company  for  their  use,  in  accordance  with  the 
t(  rms  of  the  lease,  and  for  a  full  sup]>ly  of  salmon  for  gratuitous  distri- 
bution during  the  winter. 

The  nieteorologi(!al  record  has  been  kept  in  accordance  with  your 
instructions,  and  returns  are  hereto  appended  siiowing  an  average  tem- 
perature for  the  month  of  May, ."58.32;  .lune, 40.cS5,  and  July,41.;V.>,  On 
tiie  night  of  the  12tli  ultimo  two  sharp  tlashes  of  lightning  were  ex- 
perienc«'d,  accomjianied  by  thunder  and  heavy  rain,  and  it  was  notice- 
able on  the  next  morning  the  bachelor  lookeries  were  nearly  deserted, 
the  seals  having  gone  into  the  water.  They,  however,  returned  during 
the  day. 

The  school  which  was  sui)ported  through  last  winter  has  been  sus- 
pended for  the  sealing  season,  but  will  be  again  opened  as  soou  as  it 
shall  seem  profitable  to  do  so. 

1  am,  resjiectfuUy,  Samukl  Falc;oner, 

t<2>ccial  Agent. 

Charles  Bryant,  Esq., 

/Special  Ayciit,  Treasury  Departmvnt,  St.  I'aiil  Jslutid. 

Report  of  Mr.  S.  N.  litiifnitzky,  of  the  Treasury  Department. 

Island  op  St.  J'axjl,  August  10,  1871. 

Sir:  In  pursuance  of  your  instructions  of  June  28, 1  took  passage 
on  the  steamer  Alexander,  which  left  San  Francisco  on  the  KJth  of  July, 
and  ariived  here  on  the  31st.  I  immediately  reported  for  duty  to  Capt. 
Charles  Bryant,  and  was  detailed  by  liim  on  the  following  day  to  the 
island  of  St.  George,  where  1  remained  live  days,  returning  to  St.  Paul 
on  the  Gth  instant. 

As  Mr.  Bryant  has  concluded  to  avail  himself  of  the  authority  given 
him  to  return  to  Washington  and  to  leave  me  in  charge  of  the  seal 
islands,  I  deem  it  my  duty  to  lay  before  the  Department  such  facts  con- 
cerning the  sealing  business  as  seem  to  mo  to  require  an  immediate 
modilicatiou  of  the  law  regulating  the  same. 


32 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


The  tirst  section  of  the  act  of  July  1,  1870,  makes  it  uiilawi'iil  to  kill 
any  fur  seals  except  in  tlie  months  of  June,  July,  September,  and 
October.  This  restriction  has  evidently  no  other  object  than  to  prevent 
any  killing  of  seals  at  a  time  when  the  hunting  of  these  animals  miglit 
be  [)rejudicial  to  the  existence  of  the  seal  rookeries,  but,  probably  owing 
to  inaccurate  information  at  the  disposal  of  the  framers  of  the  bill,  the 
limits  of  time  are  erronecmsly  defined.  The  beginning  of  the  hunting 
season  ought  to  be  determined  by  the coiulition  of  tlie roolieiies at (!a«;ii 
season ;  that  is,  no  sealing  should  be  allowed  before  the  ntokeries  are 
definitely  settled,  which  at  some  seasons  hai)peiis  to  be  tlie  case  in  tiie 
numth  of  June,  but  mostly  in  May.  As  to  the  limitation  at  tlie  end 
of  the  season,  I  can  not  discover  any  practical  reason  tlierefor.  The 
fact  is  that  the  security  of  the  rookeries  depends  mainly  on  the  manner 
of  hunting,  and  but  partially  on  the  time.  All  restricticuis  as  to  time, 
while  failing  to  attain  the  object  in  view,  have  proven  pieiudicial  to  the 
successful  carrying  on  of  the  sealing  business,  and  entailed  an  unne(;es- 
sary  loss  upon  the  Treasury  and  a  grievous  hardship  upou  the  native 
population  of  the  islands. 

O'ving  to  the  enormous  taxation  falling  in  the  shape  of  rental  ami  of 
tax  proper  upon  tlu.  sealing  business  under  the  present  lea^e  with  the 
Alaska  Commercial  Company,  the  mode  of  carrying  on  the  same  had 
to  undergo  a  radical  cl'ange.  Formerly  every  skin  was  worth  taking; 
at  present  none  but  choice  furs  will  pay.  Hence  the  necessity  of 
beginning  the  hunting  as  early  as  possible,  taking  very  few  skins  in 
.Fuly,  none  in  August,  few  in  September  and  first  half  of  October,  and 
most  fit  the  end  of  the  season,  when  ihe  furs  which  are  very  i)oor  during 
the  summer  months  have  become  rich  again  for  tiie  winter,  as  is  gen- 
erally the  case  with  all  fui'-bearing  animals.  The  nundier  of  working 
days  being  necessarily  limited  at  any  season  by  the  peculiar  refjuire- 
meiits  of  the  seal  hunting  with  respect  to  weather  and  direction  of 
winds,  and  the  number  of  seals  to  be  taken  from  any  one  drove  extremely 
restricted  by  the  exigencies  of  the  market  and  the  ditllcnlty  in  select- 
ing the  proper  victims,  it  is  next  to  imjtossible  to  |ueparo  a  large  num- 
ber of  good  skins  within  the  limits  of  time  i)rescribed  by  the  law  with- 
out exhausting  the  working  energies  of  the  population. 

In  addition  to  the  disadvantages  above  stated,  a  great  difficulty 
arises  from  the  change  which  has  occurred  in  the  tone  of  the  foreign 
market  since  the  cession  of  Alaska  to  the  United  States.  The  Eussian 
company  used  to  contract  with  the  London  firms  tor  a  certain  luxmber 
of  seal  skins  of  average  (pxality  to  be  delivered  on  payment  of  a  certain 
sum  in  bulk.  At  ju'escnt  the  seal  skins  are  taken  in  London  at  so  much 
apiece,  according  to  their  size  and  the  quality  of  the  fur,  so  that  seal 
skins  have  been — for  instance,  last  year — sold  in  London  in  a  dozen 
categories,  ranging  in  price  from  55  down  to  7  shillings  apiece,  but  few 
skins  being  classified  in  the  higher  and  the  greatest  number  in  the  lower 
categories.  Thus,  the  average  price  obtained  last  year  did  not  amount 
to  20  shillings  per  skin. 

Under  the  existing  circumstances  it  is  evident  that  the  sealing  busi- 
ness can  not  be  successfully. carried  on  without  the  utmost  exertion  on 
the  part  of  the  officers  of  the  Government  and  the  agents  of  the  (!om- 
pany,  for  the  establishment  of  this  new  system  certaiidy  interferes 
with  all  former  notions  and  nabit^;  of  the  natives  and  creates  the  neces- 
sity of  a  training  altogetlier  novel  to  them,  llowever  successful  may 
be  such  tiaining,  no  completely  satisfactory  results  may  be  attained 
without  the  immediate  removal  of  the  existing  restrictions  as  to  the 
time  of  sealing. 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES, 


33 


to  kill 
r,  and 
irevent 
,  ini^lifc 
'owing 
)ill,  the 
lunting 

ilt  tillvjll 

lies  are 
a  in  the 
the  end 
r.  The 
maniier 
to  time, 
iiltotlio 
mneees- 
e  native 

il  and  of 
witli  tlie 
ame  had 
1  taking", 
lissity  of 
Hkins  iu 
)l)er,  and 
)i-duiin}i 
irt  is  f;Tn- 
working 
•  ifMinire- 
ection  of 
ixtieniely 
in  select- 
iffo  nuni- 
a\v  with- 

lifliculty 

foreign 
Kussiau 

number 
I  certain 

HO  much 
tliat  Heal 

a  dozen 

,  but  few 

the  lower 

)t  amount 

ing  busi- 
ertion  on 

tiie  eum- 
interferes 
t\M  necert- 
HHfnl  may 
J  attained 

as  to  the 


Coming  to  the  result  of  this  year's  season,  I  take  pleasure  iu  stating, 
to  tiie  honor  of  all  ])artie8  concerned,  that  tliey  have  done  better  than 
might  have  been  expected  uiuler  tiie  difficulties  dcscril)ed  aoove,  the 
number  of  skins  reported  for  tax  tliis  season  being  over  (iO,()00. 
I  am,  sir,  with  great  resjtect,  your  most  ol)edient  servant, 

H'i'BPUKN  N.  BuvNiT/KY,  Clerk. 

lion.  (JKORfiE   S.  BOUTWKLL, 

/Secretary  of  the  Treasurif. 


Special  Ayent  Bryant ;  inclosing  nhippiny  receipts. 

llEAJ)QUARTERS  SPECIAL  AGENCY, 

aS7.  I\ud  fsland,  A^'mist  H,  1871. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  hcrewitl'  to  transmit  a  <•«  py  of  certificate  to 
collector  of  customs  at  Sau  Francisco  of  shipment  of  fur  seal  skius  per 
steamer  of  this  date. 

[  have  the  honor  to  remain, 

(Jharles  Bryant, 
Special  Agent,  Treasury  Department. 

J  Ion.  George  S.  Boutwell, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


Incloaure  with  Special  Agent  liryan.'ii  hiler  of  Aui/itnt  11,  1871. 

Office  Special  Agency, 

,S7.  Pani  Island,  August  11,  1871. 

I  hereby  certify  that  the  Alask;i  Commercial  Company  has  this  day 
shipped  per  steamer  Ale.vande,,  for  San  Francisco  from  St.  Paul  Island, 
41,(l.S()  furseiii  skins  of  tliis  year's  catch  and  .'{<M)  fur-seal  skins,  in 
bundles,  takeu  April  28, 1870. 

Charles  Bryant, 
Special  Agent,  Treasury  Department. 


liiotonure  with  Sjwciul  Ji/tiit  lirijaiit'H  litter  of  .linjiisl  /',  >S71. 

Treasury  Agent's  Office, 

.S7.  J'aul  Island,  May  'J,  187:\ 
Tliis  cortilies  that  i  have  shipped  on  board  Alaska  Commercial  Com- 
pany    steamer  Alexander,  consigned  to  the  collector  of  customs,  Siui 
Francisco,  3,511  fur-seal  skius,  the  property  of  the  United  States. 

Charles  Bryant, 
Agent  in  Charge  Seal  Islands. 
H.  Doc.  1)2 3 


"S 


34 


ALAHKA    INI)UHTKIE8. 


Special  Aycnt  lirjinnt ;  iniioHinf/  shipping  receipts. 

TUEASUUY  AciENT'S  OFFICE, 

St.  I'fiul  Tsland,  September  9,  JX7^. 
Sill:  I  liavc!  the  lioiior  U>  tniUHfriit  lio.rewitli  copies  of  ceitificates  for 
the  sliipiiiciit  ol"  fur  M«'iil  MkiiiM  from  tlie  seiil  isliindi,  Alaska  Territory, 
by  tlie  Alasica  Ooinmercial  (^ortipany,  of  this  year's  catcli  up  to  date. 
I  have  the  lic/uor  to  reinaiii, 

Chaules  Bryant, 
TrcuHury  Af/cnt,  in  Charge  Seal  Islamln. 
Hon.  Geou(JK  S.  Uoi  'i'vki,I«, 

Sccreturji  of  llhi  7'reaHtirij. 


4 


Inolosure  tilth  NimHnl  AfienI  Jlrnant'n  litter  of  ffcpli'mher  0,  1S72. 

Ol'l'ICK   OI'   '^llEASUKY    AGKNT, 

St.  Paul  Jslanil,  A  iigiixt  i'o,  .IS7:J. 
This  is  to  certify  that  the  Alaska  Ooiii mental  Company  have  this  day 
sliipped  on  board  I  lieir  steamer  A  tciander,  lil,(K)0  fur-seal  skiiis  lor  trans- 
shipment at  llnalasku  lo  Han  Krancisco  by  the  bark  Cyaiie  or  any  one 
of  the  company's  vessels,  those  being  all  of  this  year's  catch, 

ClIAKLES   J'.UYANT, 

Trenmiry  Agent,  in  Charge  Seal  lutantlN, 


Inclonure  with  ,S^n;i:ial  /If/e: 


llryanl's  leller  o/  September  U,  187:^. 

Office  Tueasuhy  Agenj', 


St.  Vaul  Inland,  September  !i,  187^. 

This  is  to  certify  that  She,  Alaska  Commercial  Conipany  has  (liis  day 
shipped  on  lujard  of  ils  steamer  Alcrantler,  for  San  Francisco  direct, 
■4U,or)l  fnr-seal  skins,  and  included  in  this  number  areTcasksof  sami)le 
skins  marked  "  Fur-scid  skin*,  London,"  and  nund)ered  as  follows: 
Cask  No.  1,  containing  2r»  skins,  not  bundled;  cask  No.  2,  containing 
30  skins,  ])undled;  cask  No,  .'J,  (wmtaining  24  :diins,  not  bundh'd;  cask 
No.  4,  containing  I'M  skins,  bundled;  cask  No.  5,  c(»ntaiuing  .'52  skins, 
bundled,  cask  No.  (J,  conlaining  30  skins,  bundled;  cask  No.  7,  con- 
taining 3C  :;!'i;iri,  bundled. 

And  lurther  this  is  iilso  to  certify  that  the  Alexander  has  on  board, 
shiitped  at  St.  (Jeorge  Island,  as  per  certilicate  of  Assistant  Agent 
Falconer,  a  copy  of  whhdi  is  heretvjth  inclosed,  8,877  fur-seal  skins,  the 
balance,  l(i,]23,  as  per  said  certidciate,  having  been  ])revi<)usly  shijtpe^ 
to  IJnalaska  lor  transshi|»ment  to  i^tiw  Francisco,  together  with  21,<)(" 
from  this  (St.  Taul)  Island,  Hs  )ier  certificate  dated  August  20,  1872,  all 
of  this  year's  caU^h. 

CiiAiiLES  Bryant, 
7Vf««";//  Agent,  in  Charge  Seal  Ji,i:v-'*h. 


AnHintant  Agent  Falconer ;  nhipping  receipt,  quota  ,tf  1872. 

Ahhihtant  Treasury  Aijent's  Offkje, 

)S7.  Oeorge  Inland,  Auguxt  27^  1872, 
This  is  to  <',ertify  that  (here  has  been  shi|)ped  this  <lay,  on  bo.  rd  tlio 
Alaski.  Comnu'rcial  Conipany's  steamer  Alexander^  8,877  fur-seal  skins, 


tl 


sa 
is 

tW( 

w: 

SI, 

to 

iAn 

sh( 

t!i( 

St. 

10(1 

Oc 

to 

briil 

thi 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


35 


:;e, 

iitea  Ibr 
;rritory, 
date. 


r, 
damlx. 


itliisdiiy 
Ibrtraus- 
V  any  <>»>^ 


NT, 


NT, 

9,  1^7'^. 

IS  this  (lay 

s(M)  direct, 
of  sample 

xs  follows: 
oiitaiuiiiK 
led;  e!«sk 
;W  Hkius, 

No.  7,  coii- 


s  on  board, 
ant  Agent 
Hkins,  the 
W  sliivpe^ 
with  -'l,<5<" 
UO,  1H72,  all 


s 


ANT, 


1872. 

•  FIOE, 

t  ^7,  187^2. 
ubo.rd  the 
ir-eeal  skins, 


tlie  balance,  U»,123,  having  been  shipped  by  the  company's  vessels  to 
LJjialaska  a  few  days  ago. 

Samukl  Falconer, 

AsHisfant  Treasury  Agent. 


1872. 


t^pvcial  A(jenf  Brijitnt :  Aniinal  Report  for  1873. 

Treasury  Agent's  Oifice, 
St.  Paul  Inland,  SciAcmhvr  .-7,  1873. 
i'i  Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  followinj;'  i'ei)ort  on  tlie  atlairs 

i>.  the  seal  islands  since  my  last,  dated  May  7,  1872: 

-Inly  12,  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company's  steam  schooner  11.  M. 
Iliitrliiiison  arrived  at  tliis  island,  havinj;-  on  board  Vatiier  Nickoli,  a 
]>riest  of  the  Ixusso  (Jreek  Church,  who  administered  to  the  spiritual 
wants  of  the  jjcople  and  married  lour  couples.  Thc!  schooner  saileil 
ayain  on  tlie  2!>th  lor  iSt.  Georf^e  with  Father  Nickoli  on  board. 

August  15,  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company's  steamer  Alcjander 
arrived,  hulen  with  supplies  for  this  island,  haviufj  i)reviotisly  toucher', 
at  St.  (!corjjc  on  her  way  hither  and  landed  supplies,  together  with  t'  e 
frame  and  nmlerial  for  the  iiouse  to  be  erected  for  tins  use  of  the  Covei  u- 
meiit  ollicers  on  that  island.  The  Alcrander  brouyht,  as  employees 
of  tl'e  company  to  reside  permanently  on  the  island,  William  Kapres, 
es(i.,  as  general  agent  of  tlio  c;oini)aiiy  in  place  of  Dr.  II.  If.  Mclntyre, 
who  returns  to  San  Francisco,  and  F.  C.  Cliurcli  as  a  school- teacher. 
The  steauici'  also  brought  to  reside  on  the  island  ^Ir.  C.  1'.  Fish,  esq., 
of  the  LuMted  tStates  Hignal  Corps,  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a 
signal  f^^uitioi"  on  this  island. 

Thev"  lieiu^  more  than  a  full  load  of  skins  for  the  steamer  ready  for 
8hii»i  it  '.  :•■'  'V  dischargiug  her  (^argo  the  steamer  took  ou  board  from 
this  ^t,  •  '<^'  i^and  21,000  and  from  St.  George  Island  1(),12'5  fur-seal 
skins  and  i  ■  d  .)u  the  2llth  for  (Jnalaska,  to  store  them  for  transship- 
ment from  tii"!*^^   li  some  other  of  the  company's  vessels  to  San  Francis(;o. 

August  2."'>,  tile  Alaska  Commercial  Company's  bark  Cyme  arrived 
hcr'.i  from  San  Francisco,  laden  with  salt,  coal,  uul  nierchardise  for  the 
island,  having  on  board  as  freight  the  franui  ami  material  or  the  house 
to  be  (erected  on  t!;is  island  for  the  use  of  the  Govornmen.,  ol1i«!ers. 

Augi'st  29,  t  he  steamer  Alexander  ret'irned  from  Unaiaska,  laden  with 
salt  and  coal. 

Scptend)er  2,  the  bark  dyane,  having  landed  her  supplies  for  this 
island,  sailed  for  St.  George,  taking  on  boaid  as  j»assengers  to  ITiuilaska 
tw<  I  \tive  families,  who  wished  to  reside  (here;  also,  two  other  natives, 
wlii»  j.<!  !,o  San  Francisco  to  remain  during  the  winter  and  return  in 

8pi'i!;;;\ 

Fi!  f "  '.Kst  report,  of  May  7,  1872,  I  stated  some  new  facts  in  regard 
to  (he  rv.^lative  ditlerence  of  value  between  seal  skins  taken  in  Juno 
iiiul  July  and  those  taken  in  September  and  October,  owing  to  their 
shedding  their  overhair  in  the  later  season.  There  were  taken  during 
tlie  month  of  June  and  July,  1871,  on  St.  Paul  Island  15,000  and  on 
St.  George  Island  10,100  fur-seal  skins;  the  remaining  portion  of  the 
100,000  to  be  taken  that  year  were  left  for  the  months  of  September  and 
October.  It  was  found  that  about  the  middle  of  August  the  seals  began 
to  slied  their  overhair;  the  new  covering  ai)pearing  as  short,  black 
bristles  in  the  fur  injures  tlie  skin  f(U'  manufacturing.  In  this  condition 
they  are  called  stagey.    This  couditiou  coiitiuues  until  late  iu  October. 


3f) 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


This  would  \)o.  too  late  to  tiike  the  reqiisito  iiumbei'  within  the  time 
]>rt.'iscribetl  by  law,  ko  that  in  order  to  secure  them  they  had  to  be-  taken 
in  this  stagey  condition  and  were  not  of  prime  valne.  In  my  opinion 
tliero  exists  no  necessity  tor  the  restriction  of  the  taking  of  skins  after 
October  or  during  the  period  tliwy  remain  on  the  islands  before  leaving 
for  tlie  winter. 

The  seals  api)ear  to  be  "overned  by  the  weather  somewhat  in  the  time 
of  their  arrival  in  the  S;  i  <••  They  were  first  reported  May  ">  of  the 
present  season,  but   ligl.  (   being  freqii^Mit  kei)t  the   breeding 

grounds  covered,  so  that  tli  ided  very  slowly.     Tiie  lirst  drive  for 

Ibod  was  nnideMay  lo,  obtainii  ^  liOO  animals,  but  they  were  not  i)resent 
in  suflicient  luunbers  to  furnish  continuous  oceupaticm  in  taking  them 
for  their  skins  nntil  .June  1(1.  In  view  of  their  depreciation  in  value  by 
shedding  late;  in  the  season,  it  was  desirable  to  take  as  many  as  iiossi- 
bh;  during  the  numths  of -June  and  .Inly,  therefore  all  available  native 
labor  was  devoted  to  this  object,  and  the  result  was  that  on  St.  Paul 
Island  there  were  taken  up  to  July  27,  70,000  skins,  the  remaining 
r),(/00  i)cing  left  for  the  skins  of  aninnils  killed  by  the  natives  for  food 
in  the  months  of  ()ct<)ber  and  November;  at  the  same  time  tliere  were 
taken,  as  ])er  report  of  Assistant  Agent  yamuel  Falccmer,  in  charge  St. 
(ieorge  Island,  2'),000  skins,  thus  making  a  total  of  !>r»,()00  on  both 
islands  nj)  to  tlu^  end  of  July,  IHl'2.  The  ])resent  season  the  beach  mas- 
ters or  breeding  bulls  have  landed  in  excellent  health  and  condition  and 
in  greater  numbers,  occupying  nnich  larger  grounds  than  ever  before. 
The  females  also  come  in  sulliciently  increased  numbers  to  occu])y  all 
the  ground  thus  mapped  on;,  and  the  number  of  young  seals  jjrodiuied 
greatly  exceeds  any  former  year.  The  weather,  although  excessively 
foggy  and  disagreeable  to  the  residents  ofthc  island,  has  been  especially 
favorable  to  the  young  seals.  It  is  also  observable  that  a  larger  num- 
ber of  yearlings  or  last  year's  pups  than  usual  have  returned  to  the 
island  the  ]>resent  season.  There  is  now  oidy  a  deficiency  of  one  class, 
that  of  the  4  and  5  year  old  seals.  This  is  clearly  traceable  to  the  fol- 
lowing causes:  J)uring  the  season  of  1808  there  were  killed  on  both 
islands  21!0,o00  animals  for  their  skins,  and  i:i  the  season  of  1800 
80,000.  At  that  time  the  relative  value  of  the  sizes  or  ages  of  the  skins 
was  not  understood,  and  all  the  skins  being  ])aid  for  at  the  same  price, 
the  natives,  who  Avere  (juick  to  perceive  the  dillerenite  between  taking 
a  small  skin  and  a  large  one  and  carrying  it  to  the  salt  houses,  killed 
all  the  yearlings  they  could.  These  were  the  products  of  18(17  and  18(18. 
Tiiese  were  sent  forward  in  1870  to  market  and  overstocked  it  with 
small  skins.  This  created  a  demand  lor  larger  skins,  and  the  Alaska 
Connnercial  Company  instructed  their  agents  to  take  all  the  large  skins 
possible  in  1871.  This  was  done,  and  as  uniny  i  and  5  year-old  .seals  as 
eould  be  were  taken.  This  again  fell  on  the  already  diminished  i)roduet 
of  1807  and  1808.  When  these  were  sent  to  market  they  were  found  too 
old,  and  now.  the  ])roper  njcdiuui  being  ascertained,  the  seals  will  be 
selected  accordingly. 

It  will  be,  seen  by  reference  to  my  report  of  November  30, 1809,  con- 
taining a  detailed  descrijjtion  of  the  habits  of  these  animals,  that  this 
class  of  1  and  T)  year  old  seals  jierform  an  important  service  along  the 
shores  during  the  season  of  incubation,  but  as  there  was  already  exist- 
ing an  excess  of  old  bulls  from  former  years,  the  detriment  to  the  rook- 
eries from  the  absence  of  this  class,  growing  out  of  the  excessive  killing 
of  1808,  can  work  no  serious  injury  to  the  rookeries  ibr  these  two  years, 
and  at  that  time  they  will  be  supi»lied  from  the  growing  seals,  ("nder 
the  present  system  the  rookeries  show  a  steady  increase,  that  warrants 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


37 


the  assertion  that  by  1874  an  addition  of  3(>,0(K>  skins  may  bo  added  to 
the  number  now  taken  annually. 

Tlie  civil  ailairs  of  the  natives  have  been  administered  by  their  chiefs 
with  very  little  necessity  for  my  assistance.  There  has  been  consider- 
able dmidicnness  from  theuseofquas,  or  native  beer,  nianufiictnred  by 
themselves  from  fermentinf?  sugar  and  Hour  together,  rnd  so  fond  are 
some  of  this  artificial  excitement  that  they  savi'.  all  tliat  is  sold  for  their 
families  to  use  in  tea  or  coffee  until  enough  is  obtained  for  a  good 
drunk,  and  then  indulge  in  it,  and  in  two  (lases  it  has  been  necessary  to 
(tonfine  the  parties  until  sober  to  i)revent  them  doing  injury  to  tiieir 
families  or  others.  That  they  have  worked  well  and  faithfully  the  taking 
of  the  7(),()()0  skins  in  so  short  a  time  bears  evidence.  The  sui)])]ies 
have  been  of  good  quality  and  in  suflicient  (|uantity,  and  the  ]irices 
reasonable. 

Tlio  school  has  been  discontinued  during  the  sealing  season,  but  will 
bo  resumed  again  as  soon  as  the  vessels  are  gone. 

The  company  last  year  built  six  wooden  dwelling  houses  above  ground 
for  the  natives.  These  have  not  proved  wholly  a  success  for  conilbrt 
and  convenience,  as  was  hoped.  8ix  more  are  laid  out  and  partially 
completed  on  an  improved  plan,  based  on  last  year's  experience,  which 
promise  to  attain  more  fully  the  object  desired. 

The  ailairs  of  the  island  of  St.  George  are  in  an  equally  prosperous 
condition,  for  the  dc^tails  of  which  1  beg  leave  torefei'  to  a  copy  of  the 
reportof  Assistant  Agent  Samuel  Falconer,  in  chaige,  inclosed  herewith. 

I  desire  to  bear  witness  to  the  able  manner  in  winch  all  my  assistants 
have  aided  in  forwarding  my  plans  for  the  comfort  and  impro\emeutot' 
the  natives. 

I  have  the  honor  to  remain, 

Chat^les  I'nvANT, 
Trennnry  Affeiit,  in  Vhunjc  Se(d  IxlavdH. 

Hon.  George  S.  Hoittwell, 

/Secretary  of  the  TrenHury. 


Eeport  of  Aaniiilant  Ayitii  I'alcmifr:  IiirloDiirc  iritli  liriinnfs  .tnvuril  I'eport  for  IS72. 

Assist A.iMT  Tkkasuuy  A(iENT*'i  Office, 

»S7.  (lvi>r<ie  LsUind,  AuijiiHt  J 5,  JS7S. 

Sir:  I  have  the  hojiorto  rei)ort  the  arriv.il  of  the  companj-'s  steamer 
Alcrander  on  the  1  Ith  instant,  bringing  .Mr.  Adams,  who  will  relieve  Mr. 
Hr'nvn,the  ])resent  agent  of  the  <'()iM))any.  and  Dr.  Mcaney,  the  newly 
appointed  ])h,vsician  for  the  island,  t->getlier  with  a  full  cargo  of  mer 
chandise  for  the  station  and  the  niateriai  for  the  (iovernnient  lioiise. 

On  the  L'tlth  ultimo  tlu^  company's  steamer  //.  .1/.  Jliitchinsoii  touched 
here,  having  on  board  the  Itev,  l''ather  Nickcli,  a  ])riest  of  the  Kusso 
(Jreek  ('hurch  of  the  diocese  of  San  Francis  o,  who  attended  to  the 
spiritual  wants  of  the  jteople  and  ])erformed  tiie  man  iage  ceremony  for 
eight  cou]tIes. 

The  ( ompany  commenced  driving  seals  for  their  skins  on  the  3d  of 
.June  last  and  discontinued  on  .lul^  L'7,  having  secured  .;."»,(><)<>,  the  full 
nund)er  stiiiulated  in  the  lease  for  the  year  1872. 

Last  season  only  19,077  skins  were  seiaired,  as  was  reported,  when  it 
was  the  intention  of  the  company  to  have  taken  their  full  number. 


38 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


This,  however,  tiiey  were  unable  to  do  on  account  of  the  skins  beinpr 
stajjoy  in  the  last  part  of  the  season,  and  for  this  reason  the  full  com- 
plement has  been  secured  in  June  and  .Inly. 

In  reference  to  the  appearance  of  the  rookeries,  I  find  that  the  seals 
are  very  numerous,  much  more  so  than  they  were  last  year,  es])ecially 
the  old  males  and  young  bac^helors,  the  class  that  is  driven  for  their 
skins.  In  corroboration  of  this  i'nvt,  1  saw  largo  numbers  haul  uj)  at 
the  foot  of  the  hi}>h  cliffs,  apart  and  distinctt  from  all  the  other  rook 
cries,  where  tliey  were  never  known  to  frequent  before.  From  these 
places  J  deemed  it  advisable  to  have  them  driven  away,  as  they  could 
not  be  taken  if  allowed  to  remain.  Why  they  should  resoit  to  jiJaces 
of  this  kind  is  more  than  1  vnu  conceive  if  it  is  not  tliat  they  are  ;)re- 
vented  to  some  extent  from  landing  on  their  usual  places  by  the  numer- 
ous old  males  that  constantly  guard  the  shore  line. 

The  number  of  breeding  rookeries  on  the  island  is  four,  viz,  North, 
East,  ytorry  Athille,  and  Zapeny.  They,  too,  seem  to  be  in  a  nourish- 
ing <'ondition  this  year,  as  their  breeding  grounds  are  enlarged  to  some 
extent.  Their  positions  on  the  islaiuls  are  as  follows:  Zapeny  is  on  the 
southwest  side,  and  about  5  miles  from  the  village;  Starry  Athille  is 
on  the  north  side,  U  miles  from  the  village;  North  rookery  is  also  on 
the  same  side,  and  not  more  than  1  mile  from  town,  and  East  rookery 
is  on  the  luntheast  side,  and  about  2  miles.from  town. 

The  following  figures  will  show  the  number  of  drives  made  from  each 
of  those  places,  also  the  imml'er  of  skins  obtjiined  from  each  rookery 
during  the  season : 


Kookery. 


j  Number  i    Nuiiilier, 
lOfilrivi'S.!   of  Bkiim. 


North '  IB 

Kast I  16 

Starry  Athille I  14 

/npeny 11 

Total 


4,81K 
«,7H 
r>,  i!74 
5,194 


25,  OUO 


From  the  last-mentioned  rookery  two  drives  of  2,/>8.S  were  made  to  the 
killing  ground  near  the  village,  the  balance  being  salted  at  that  place 
on  therookeiy.  A  larger  number  of  skins  would  have  been  secured 
this  year  had  there  been  sufficient  salt  on  hand  with  which  to  cure  them. 
There  has  been,  however,  a  salt  house  recently  erected,  whicli  will  con- 
tain all  the  skins  taken  at  that  place  in  future. 

The  number  of  seals  lost  from  overheating  while  driving  was  very 
small,  not  more  than  one  in  a  thousand.  I  would  also  mention  that  great 
care  has  been  taken  not  to  molest  nor  disturb  the  breeding  rookeries 
at  any  time  during  the  season,  and  the  same  amount  of  precaution  has 
been  used  after  arriving  on  the  field  not  to  kill  any  that  appeared  to  be 
the  slightest  damaged.  As  you  will  observe,  out  of  the  entire  num- 
ber taken  this  year  only  104  have  been  rejectod  by  the  com])any  on 
account  of  accidental  cuts  in  skinning.  This  is  considerably  less  than  1 
per  cent. 

1  would  also  state  that  through  the  course  of  the  season  a  few  seals 
were  killed  in  which  were  found  buckshot  and  ritle  balls.  It  would 
appear  that  they  liad  been  down  about  the  coast  of  British  Columbia 
or  somewhere  east  of  Sit^ka,  a.-;  the  natives  on  the  entire  Aleutian  chain 
use  no  other  weapons  than  the  spear  in  killing  seals.  I  also  noticed  a 
few  this  season  apparently  abinit  'A  years  old  with  the  tip  of  -tiie  right 
ear  off.    Probably  they  were  some  of  those  (dipped  by  your  direction  on 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


39 


St.  Paul  two  yeiu'K  ago,  as  no  experiment  of  thia  kind  had  ever  been 
tried  on  this  island. 

Their  arrival  at  the  iHlands  this  spring  was  on  tlie  (Jth  of  May,  nearly 
the  same  time  as  hist  year,  and  on  the  following  day  I  col'3cted  and 
took  charge  of  all  fir(>arms  belonging  to  the  natives,  as  I  did  the  year 
before.  Tiiis  I  found  fo  lie  necessary  for  the  reason  that  tliere  are  two 
fresh-water  ponds  w.  lU  gunshot  of  a  like  number  of  breeding  rook- 
eries where  numerous  docks  of  wild  fowl  (constantly  freciuent,  and  the 
temptation  is  so  great  that  they  can  not  rcsi.st  shooting  if  allowed  to 
retain  their  arms.  The  prevention  of  the  use  of  liiearms  during  tiie 
sealing  season,  together  with  other  precautions  taken  concerning  the 
rookeries,  is,  in  my  opinion,  the  cause  of  the  increase  of  seals  on  the 
island  during  the  past  two  years. 

Mr.  Ijessen,  your  assistant,  joined  me  early  in  May  last  and  has  ably 
assisted  me  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  the  island  since  that  time. 

The  general  health  of  the  island  has  continued  good.  There  has  been 
one  birth  and  one  death  since  the  date  of  my  last  report. 

Samukl  Falcjoneu, 

Asuistant  Treamirif  Agent. 

Chakles  Bryant,  Esq., 

Agent  in  (Jhat-ye  of  Seal  Fslamh. 


1873. 


Special  Agent  Bryant:  Annual  Report  for  1873. 

Faiuhaven,  Mass.,  September  ,30,  1S7.1. 
Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  Ibllowing  report  on  the  condition 
of  the  fur  seals  and  the  general  affairs  of  the  seal  islands  since  my  last, 
dated  September  U,  1872.  At  that  time  there  had  been  taken  ami 
shipi)ed  from  St.  Paul  Island,  of  the  (juota  of  1872,  71,070  fur-seal  skins, 
the  balance  of  the  ((uota  being  left  to  be  supplied  from  the  skins  of 
animals  necessarily  killed  for  food  for  the  natives.  Of  this  balance 
were  shijjped,  as  per  certificate  dated  June  2, 1873,  .'5,n()(i  fur-seal  skins, 
making  a  total  of  skins  shipped  from  St.  Paul  Island  of  the  catch  of 
1872  of  7'4,97G;  so  the  account  for  seals  taken  stands  as  follows: 

Seals  taken  hij  the  Alaska  Commercial  Compann  for  their  skiiix. 


Number  of 
Heals  killed. 

Skills 
salted. 

Condi'iniied 

as 
valueless. 

For  the  innntli  of— 

,Xunti    , 

30, 068 

33, 714 

3,294 

35, 076 

33,  600 

3,190 

02 

July          

114 

95 

Seals  takon  for  tintiro  I'nofl : 

M  iiy                                  

73, 070 

687 
5u4 
345 
801 
753 
538 

72,  775 

687 
489 
117 
774 

401 
457 

.... 

301 

AujiiiMt  

15 

Sejitenibor 

o228 

( Ictober 

27 

No  vein  her 

352 

81 

Total 

70,704 

75,700 

1,001 

a  Stagey. 


Of  these,  7  4,970  were  shipjied  as  above  stated,  the  balance  of  724  skins 
remaining  over  to  be  counted  on  the  quota  of  1873. 


40 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


Besides  tlio  above,  there  wore  taken  in  November  5,121  yonii};  male 
BCiils  as  ii  supply  of  seal  llesli  foi'  winter  food  for  llio  natives.  This 
makes  the  whole  number  of  seals  killed  on  St.  Paul  Island  duriiifj  the 
year  1872  81,82.5.  This  {jave  70  animals  per  family,  with  an  average 
weiii'ht  of  flesh  when  dressed  of  I)  pounds,  or  (»8()  i)ounds  i)er  lamily, 
the  usual  supjtly.    The  skins  of  these  have  no  commercial  value. 

There  were  taken  at  the  same  time  on  the  island  of  St.  (Jeoi^e  by 
the  Alaska  Commercial  Company  and  by  the  natives  for  food  2.~),l(il 
seals.  Of  these,  25,(K)()  were  salted,  the  balance  of  Kil  were  rejected 
as  damaged  by  cutting  or  otherwise.  All  of  those  salted  were  shii)pe<l 
in  September,  1872.  He-sides,  there  were  killed  for  a  supply  ol  food  for 
winter  use  for  the  inhabitants  2,090  young  male  seals.  This  gives  a 
total  for  seals  of  all  classes  killed  on  St.  George  during  the  year  1872 
of  27,254. 

Some  changes  are  observable  in  the  habits  of  the  seals,  growing  out  of 
the  present  system  of  killing  .'5,  4,  and  5  year  olds  instead  of  2,  ;5,  and 
4,  as  formerly,  it  having  been  ascertained  that  these  sizes  are  of  great- 
est value  in  market.  There  is  a  nuuih  smaller  number  of  5  year-olds 
seen  swimming  along  the  shore  of  the  breeding  rookeries  during  the 
period  of  copulation  and  more  of  the  young  females  maturing  are  seen 
to  pass  np  through  the  rookeries  to  tiie  old  males  always  gathered 
there.  Where  formerly  the  shore  had  been  occui)ie(l  in  shoit  sections 
with  open  spaces  between,  thnmgh  which  the  young  males  passed  to  the 
uplands  to  lie  down,  these  spaces  have  been  filled  by  the  addition  of  the 
annually  increasing  number  of  ^emales  maturing  until  these  spaces  lia/e 
become  closed  and  the  rookeries  form  a  continuous  line  along  tiie  shore, 
thus  obliging  the  young  seals  to  seek  new  resting phutes  farther ou.  and 
where  they  accumulate  in  larger  numbers  and  wider  distances  from  the 
breeding  places.  This  is  rather  an  advantage  than  otherwise,  as  it 
facilitates  the  gathering  thnn  for  killing  with  less  liability  to  disturb 
the  breeding  seals.  It  was  also  observable  that  a  nuudi  largei'  number 
of  1-year-old  seals  arrived  ou  the  island  during  July  and  August,  as  if 
the  season  had  been  more  favorable  for  them  while  absent  duiing  the 
winter  and  the  destiuction  of  them  less  than  usual.  The  seals  began 
to  leave  the  island  in  the  latter  part  of  September,  and  on  the  27th  of 
December  had  all  left  for  the  winter. 

The  winter  of  1872-7.3  was  unusually  cold  and  severe,  the  sea  freez- 
ing arov  d  the  island  in  February,  ami  (rontiniu'd  fro/en  until  the  'J'M 
of  May.  This  delayed  the  arrival  of  the  seals  at  the  island  ten  or 
lifteen  days  later  than  usual.  The  first  seals  were  rei)orted  near  the 
island  on  the  9th  of  May.  The  first  drive  for  fresh  foo'l  for  the  peojde 
was  made  May  2.'i,  when  by  driving  from  three  places  297  seals  were 
obtained.  From  that  time  they  continued  to  increase,  .-so  that  on  June 
3  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company  commenced  takiig  them  for  their 
skins.  At  that  time  1  estimated  tlieir  number  equal  lo  what  it  usually 
is  at  twelve  days  earlier  in  former  years  or  that  they  were  twelve  days 
behind  their  usual  time.  The  females  began  to  arrive  .June  9,  and  no 
change  in  their  habits  or  movements  was  observable  c\cept  their 
inci'eased  numbers,  from  the  annually  nnitnring  females,  which  1  esti- 
mate at  5  per  cent  a  year,  or  15  per  cent  since  1870,  the  date  of  the 
lease. 

The  AIa.ska  Commercial  Company  made  their  first  drive  lor  the  taking 
of  skins  June  2  and  continued  until  July  2.'5,  having  taken  in  all  74,;{97 
seals;  of  these  73,884  were  salted,  361  were  spoiled  by  being  cut  in 
skinning,  152  were  damaged  by  heating  on  the  field  before  they  «•>  id 


ALASKA   INDIISTHIKS, 


41 


be  skinned.    The  acoount  of  seals  kilhiil  up  Ut  Aiij{ii»(t  1,  IH7'5,  stands 
as  follows : 


NultlU•^■ 


»*ll(Ui1l. 


tvy  rutting. 


TakfMi  liy  tlin  Alaska  Coiiimnrcliil  Ciminnnv—  1  I 

Juno 8«.«»l  OTtW  S38 

July »«.»«  Hfl.V/i  ir> 

Totiil 7«.ilV7  «.W  TITt 

Fdi' iiiitivii  I'imhI  ill  Jlay 3IVJ  i»(  IS 

Left  liver  from  1S7'_' ',%t    

(irniiil  total 7«,<*#  7*.  «tt  5M 


Of  the  iil)ov<i  there  were  shii)i)od,  as  por  icrtiiifAU**  to  the  follector 
of  customs  at  iSan  Francisfo,  (M>i)ies  of  wliich  niv  n\n*ii*iy  »t*^in^itA;i\  witii 
the  I)oi)artment,  as  follows;  ,hily  14,  .'J2,07(»;  Aii^^ust  H,  T*^U4}',  Auj^iist 
9,  ,'}7.8()4;  total,  74,!KS(»,  a  tlitfcrt'iice  of  H8  in  «x<M'i<»  .i;i\i*'-;tr'm<t  in  f^oiint- 
inp  the  skins  from  the  halt  itouses  for  shipment  <n'«;r  nine  firf-wmnt  as 
rendered  on  their  beinjj;  taken. 

There  has  been  shipped  from  St.  (George  Island,  of  iUtu\nif\.fHit  1H73, 
as  per  certificates  (late<i  Inly  Ui,  i"),2S(i;  Au{?nsl  10,  V-KWA',  a  total  of 
24,7r»0.  Copies  of  these  certificates  have  i)een  -.dntiuiy  Mt-A  ^\\\\  the 
Department.  A  detailed  report  of  the  seals  daniaj^di^l  m  rft(«cted  has 
ni»t  yet  been  re(!eived. 

The  same  conditions  in  regard  to  the  changes  in  iUttir  b»>rtfs  jfrowing 
out  of  the  established  system  of  killing  older  seal«  w^^n'  oHw^rvable  as 
noted  last  year. 

When  the  seal  islands  were  visited  by  mywlf  mttX  rt|»f!rif»l  Agent 
H.  H.  Mclntyre,  in  the  season  of  18G!>,  th(;ie  wa*  un  fj(f)ij»ortnnity 
afforded  for  either  of  us  to  visit  St.  (jeorge  Isiatjrtl  Ut  aw^ftrtain  by 
actual  observation  its  condition  and  i)roportioii  as  n'iiartU'd  tmniber  of 
seals  as  compared  with  St.  Paul.  From  the  best  fs^/ttiri"'*^  of  informa- 
tion then  obtainable  it  was  believed  to  contain  th>m  f/utt-tUitil  to  one- 
lialf  as  many  as  St.  Paul,  and  on  tliis  inforujatix/M  (lf»*»  nnmber  of 
seals  to  be  taken  annually  was  lixed  at  li."i,(M)0,  aiid  Hi,  i'ftn\  fut  7."»,()0(». 
It  is  now  ascertained  that  the  number  of  seals  mnntMy  fureeding  on 
St.  George  is  less  than  one  eighth  of  the  number  on  Hi,  I'aol,  and  rhat 
the  island  of  St.  George  can  not  be  relied  on  to  i'muMt  the.  established 
quota  of  25,000  skins  annually  of  the  desired  ai/Ai  ami  nimVily  to  be  of 
prime  VJilue,  and  toobtaln  the  retpiisite  number  th«  j«)i*>.  .«<irf»aons  it  has 
been  necessary  to  take  seals  too  small  for  first  <;lat>«  «kj»#,  (  therefore 
recommend  that  the  number  to  be  taken  annually  *m  Uuft  ji^tanfl  of  St. 
George  be  limited  to  15,000.  And  in  order  that  this  may  vrmk  no  hard- 
ship to  the  people  of  St.  (Jeorge  by  depriving  thei«  <yf  a  pftrt.  of  their 
necessary  support,  1  suggest  that  it  be  recon)in<'U<Iiwl  Ut  ^Ifungiess  to 
amend  the  act  limiting  the  number  to  be  tak«'n  on  tht-  imintttl  of  St.  F'aul 
to  75,000  annually,  so  as  to  allow  an  addition  of  Uh^iHH  to  fJie  fjuota  of 
that  island,  which  is  amply  sui)plied  to  yield  the  iWiHixiU'.  MHmber,  find 
thus  a  portion  of  the  i)opHlation  of  the  island  of  Hi,  (ieorge  may 
remove  to  the  island  of  St.  Paul  temi)orarily  during  titt-:  i^'tti'uif!  season, 
or  ])ennanently  as  they  choose.  In  my  report  dati'/I  ,%'o4 wmti^'t  |0,  IS?  I, 
I  stated  that  I  had  caused  a  number  of  young  njale  W'aN  to  \*c,  murked 
by  cutting  their  ears.  This  was  done  to  dtit^iininn-  whtdUf^  as  a  rule 
they  returned  to  tlifl  rookery  wheie  they  were  Ix^rn.  a.*  Vfn^  f-Jaimed  by 
the  natives.    This  was  done  in  1870,  and  the  ina^mt  y*mt  they  were 


42 


ALASKA   INDUHTUIKS. 


old  enough  to  be  taken  tor  their  Bkins;  0  out  of  l(K)  thuH  marked  liave 
been  taken,  2  on  the  ishind  of  St.  (Jeor^e  and  4  on  tlie  island  of  St. 
Caul,  and  none  of  these  were  found  on  the  same  r<K>kery  where  they 
were  marked.  This  would  go  to  prove  that  tiiey  ar<!  not  governe<l  by 
any  special  instinct  to  return  to  the  exact  plaecj  of  their  birth.  This 
also  furnishes  some  evidence  of  the  percentage  of  seals  that  live  to 
grow  up.  There  yet  exists  but  little  information  of  their  haunts  or 
habits  while  absent  from  the  ishinds.  Tliat  they  hav<!  numerous  and 
|)owerful  enemies  is  apparent  by  tiie  great  disproportion  between  tiie 
number  that  leave  the  islands  at  4  months  old  and  those  that  rslurn 
again  at  1  year  of  age.  During  the  fall  months,  while  the  young  seals 
are  leaving  the  islands,  schools  of  a  small  spccii's  of  the  whale  (known 
among  whalemen  as  the  killer,  from  its  somctinu-s  attacking  and  killing 
the  right  whale)  are  seen  in  the  vicinity  of  tiie  islands,  often  ap))ar- 
ently  chasing  the  seals,  and  in  one  instance,  while  ho  doing,  one  ran 
into  shoal  water,  was  killed,  and  tw<»  seals  were  found  in  its  stomach. 
From  the  most  careful  observation,  ext<'nding  over  live  Hcasons  of  seal- 
ing, 1  can  not  estimate  the  number  of  young  seals  tiiat  return  the  first 
year  after  birth  to  be  over  'M  per  cent  of  the  product,  and  that  were 
no  seals  taken  for  their  skins  not  over  10  or  lU  per  cent  would  live  to 
the  age  of  5  years.  Thus  it  is  seen  that  the  older  the  class  of  seals 
taken  for  their  skins,  the  smaller  the  supply  from  whi(rh  to  take  them. 

The  breeding  rookeries  during  the  breeding  season  have  a  lixed  and 
permanent  character.  They  begin  to  till  at  the  water  line  and  (ill  In 
equal  numbers  in  a  given  space,  extending  their  boundaries  no  farther 
than  can  be  so  filled,  so  that  by  carelully  noting  the  boundaries  from 
year  to  year  an  approximate  estiniiit(!  can  be  made  of  the  ratio  of 
increase  by  the  a(ldition  of  the  young  feinalcM  maturing  anniially. 
These  as  compared  with  their  area  in  l«7<'  now  show  an  ex])an8iou 
ecpial  to  15  per  cent  in  three  years,  or  an  annual  increase  of  5  ]n>T  cent 
since  tiie  date  of  the  lease.  The  full-grown  males  that  do  not  find  room 
on  the  breeding  places  gather  as  near  as  possibhf,  to  await  for  o])por- 
tunities  to  supersede  the  weak  and  wounded  while  lighting  for  the  i)os- 
sessiou  of  the  females.  Here  the  proportion  their  numbers  bear  to  the 
necessities  for  breeding  purposes  can  be  readily  estiniated,  and  of  this 
class  for  breeding  purposes  there  is  a  full  supply. 

The  classes  driven  for  their  skins  during  tin*,  s<;aling  season  are  too 
often  disturbed  to  aftbrd  opportunity  for  CHtimating  their  numbers. 
But  after  the  sealing  is  all  done,  and  the  full  (|iiota  taken  for  the  year, 
we  know  what  remains  as  a  future  sup})ly.  Jn  a  few  <lays  they  settle 
(juietly  on  their  resting  places  and  can  then  be  fairly  (estimated.  On 
St.  I'aul  Island  there  is  evidence  of  a  steady  iiu!rease  that  exceeds  the 
demand  to  fill  the  quota  for  that  island,  while  on  Ht.  (leorge,  as  before 
stated,  the  supply  falls  sliort  of  the  number  necessary  to  furnish  large- 
si/ed  skins.  All  other  conditions  appear  to  be  the  same  on  St.  George 
as  on  St.  Paul,  the  females  annually  increasing  in  nund)ers,  showing  it 
to  be  oidy  necessary  to  reduce  the  number  of  males  taken  for  their 
skins  to  afford  the  necessary  complement  for  breeding  puri)OHes.  Thus 
may  be  sunnned  up  the  gencal  condition  of  the  fur  seals  at  the  seal 
islands,  after  three  years'  practical  ap]>licati(»ii  of  the  jiresent  estab- 
lished systi-m  tor  their  management.  The  nundter  of  breeding  females 
Las  increased  !"» j)ercent,  while  100,000  males  have  been  taken  annually 
for  their  skins,  and  t'  ere  is  still  left  a  surplus  of  males  re«|uired  for 
breeding  purposes. 

The  general  affairs  of  the  natives  have  bec^n  ailministered  by  chiefs 
of  their  own  selection  and  in  accordance  with  th<;ir  former  customs, 


ALASKA   INIHIHTUIKS. 


43 


with  only  Buch  Hli{;lit  cliiiiigcH  as  tlici  new  conditions  required,  it  boinfj 
my  jtolicy  to  ii('(!iiHtoni  tlicni  to  nOy  on  tlicnisclvt's  in  all  matters  tliat 
comtcrn  only  tlieinselvos.  Siicii  incidents  as  seem  worthy  of  note  fol- 
low in  tiicir  lejjiilar  Hcquonce.  On  tiic  departure  of  tlie  steanei  Alro!' 
andvr  for  San  Francisco,  Septcndier  '.I,  187-, .'{  families  and  7  unmarried 
l»arties,  17  jiersons  in  all,  availed  themselves  of  the  i)rivile{je  accorded 
them  by  the  Alaska  ('oiiimercial  (!omi>anyof  a  free  jjassajic  on  their 
vessels  to  and  from  the  islands,  to  remove  temporarily  for  the  winter 
to  llnalaska,  inteixlinf,'  to  return  to  St.  Paul  a;.;aiii  in  the  S])rinf,'. 

With  the  depaitnreof  t!ie  steamer  ended  tliesealiii}>,  and  durinf,'the 
months  of  October,  November,  and  1  )eceinber  tlu^  natives  w«'re  employed 
in  work  of  gradin;,'  and  building  the  house  erected  for  the  Tis«(of  Treas- 
ury agents  and  six  other  houses  that  were  erecited  for  tiie  use  of  the 
natives  by  th(!  Alaska  (.'ommercial  (,'om])aiiy.  In  November,  the  weather 
being  sutliciently  cold  for  tlie  purpose,  the  nectessary  supjjly  of  seal 
llesh  and  blul)ber  for  winter  use  of  the  natives  was  secured  and  i»re- 
served  by  either  salti;.^'  or  freezing. 

December  L'O,  IH7li,  in  accordance  with  a  regulation  adoi)ted  by  them- 
selves, the  natives  mad(;  their  annual  division  of  the  fund  derived  from 
the  labor  of  taking  the  fur-seal  and  sea-lion  skins,  wiiich  amounted  to 
$.'J(>,(i;57.{)7.  The  same  rules  are  observed  as  under  the  fornu'r  Russian 
comi>any,  they  arranging  themselves  into  lour  classes.  Those  who  are 
most  expert  in  skinning  seals  and  otlu-rwise  good  citizens  constitute 
th  lirst  class,  which  contained  34  men;  those  who  failed  tocome<piite 
up  to  this  standard  constitute  the  secoml  class,!*.'!  men;  those  more  idle 
and  lazy,  the  third  clas.s,  4  men;  while  tlu)se  sick  and  working  irregu- 
larly, together  with  boys  just  learning  to  take  seals,  constitute  a  fourth 
class,  numbering  10  men.  It  is  always  juacticable  to  rise  by  merit 
from  the  lower  to  the  higher  classes.  In  this  divisicm  the  second  class 
get  t)()  i)er  cent  of  the  (irst,  the  third  class  80  per  cent,  and  the  fcmrth 
70  per  cent.  To  these  is  added  one  lirst  class  sliare  f(  r  the  acting 
priest  and  two  lirst-class  shares  set  aside  to  create  a  fuiui  to  pay  for  a 
new  church ;  in  all,  74  shares.  This  gives  as  a  lirst-class  share,  8  i")l.-2; 
second  (ilass  share,  $-10.").0!»;  third  class  share,  .i:<;{()0.97 ;  fourth  class 
share,  .'«<.{ir».8n. 

The  same  rules  are  observed  on  St.  George  Island  in  classilication, 
but  a  given  innnber  of  skins  are  set  apart  ac<'ording  to  classes  for 
which  each  man  is  ])aid  for  taking:  First  class,  17  men,  071  skins,  at 
40  cents,  $388.40;  sectond  class,  2  men,  !».'55  skins,  at  40  cents,  $374; 
third  class,  7  men.  821  skins,  at  40  cents,  $328.40;  fourth  class,  3  men, 
400  skins,  at  40  certs,  $100. 

It  will  be  seen  by  comparing  the  amount  of  the  shares  on  both 
islands  that  St.  (ieoige  Island  has  already  a  larger  poi)ulatiou  in  pro- 
portion to  the  amount  of  skins  taken  and  money  received  for  tiiem 
than  St.  I'aul,  therefore  it  will  be  necessary  on  diminishing  the  present 
quota  of  St.  George  to  ])rovide  tor  the  removal  of  a  part  of  the  pojm- 
lation  to  St.  Paul. 

The  census  taken  January  1,  1873,  on  St.  Paul  Island  gives  the  num- 
ber of  the  native  inhabitants  on  the  island  218.  To  these  should  bo 
added  the  17  now  absent  and  properly  to  be  reckoned  as  belonging  to 
the  island,  making  in  all  235,  showing  a  decrease  since  1870  of  12  i)er- 
sons.  These  are  divided  as  follows:  Males,  114;  females,  121.  The 
oldest  person  was  a  fenmle  aged  tifty-eight  years;  she  has  since  deceased, 
leaving  the  oldest  native  now  living  fifty  six.  There  were  during  the 
year  previous  4  marriages.  10  births,  and  12  deaths,  the  mortality  being 
greatest  among  young  children,  the  average  life  of  deceased  being  7 


44 


ALASKA    INnUH'l'inF.S. 


yoarn  mid  1  iiiontliH;  avcnigo  IciiKlli  (»f  lil'u  of  tlioso  no-.v  livin;,',  L'li 
ycaiH  and  II  iiiniitiiM.  It  will  bo  simmi  tliatllic  Hcviuity  ol'  tlu;  cliiiiatti 
is  not  favorable  to  loii(;<'vity.  Dining  tlic  winter  and  Hpriiii,'  fullowiii^; 
tiicro  lias  hvi'u,  up  to  Au^^iist  1,  'J  birtliM  and  113  dcatliH,  mostly  from 
coiiHiimption. 

A  NclioollioiiHO  was  littod  up  and  proppily  constructed  and  a  school 
connniMieed  <>(-to))ei'  2  and  continued  (>i^lit  montlis,  but  on  account  of 
a  prejndicii  anions  the  ]KM)plo  who  have  a  fear  that  in  learnin^c  l''n(;lisli 
their  children  will  for^^ct  tiieir  Itiissian  and  wciiU(^n  their  iittachment 
t(»  their  churcli  only  7  attended  rcifiularly.  Under  the  assiduous  <!are  of 
the  teacher  these  made  v<'.ry  coiiunciidablo  pro;,ness.  There  were  at 
the  sanu?  tinuf  thiee  classes  tauylit  by  natives,  two  in  llussian  and  one 
in  Aleut;  in  all,  17  scholars  alteiuled  schools  of  all  kinds.  Assistant 
AfU'Ut  Samuel  l''al(M)ner  rejjorts  tim  sanu)  dilliculties  (^xistiufj  on  the 
island  of  St,  (ieorfje  in  re;;ard  to  securing  attendance  at  Siduxil.  (See 
copies  of  his  report  incrlosed  iKuewith.)  The  <»<>  tons  of  coal  ac(!epted 
in  lieu  of  <J(>  cords  of  wood  for  yi'iituitftus  distribution  was  divided 
according  to  tiie  i)opnlation,  40  tons  beinff  rcc»uved  at  St.  I'aul  and  -0 
tons  landed  on  St  <-vor{,'o.  It  was  stoied  until  the  severity  of  the 
weatiier  rendered  its  us(!  necessary,  in  l)ecend»er,  J.S7L!,  when  it  was  dis- 
tributtMl  by  the  chiefs  in  weekly  rations,  and  lasted  until  ManOi  1, 1S7.'{, 
after  whicdi  the  sujiply  cm  hand  ])y  the  Alaska  ('ommercial  Company 
for  sale  lasted  until  May. 

The  store  was  well  suinilied  with  dry  jjoods  and  ])rovisions  of  good 
(pialityand  s(dd  at  low  pri(!es  and  in  such  (|iuuitities  as  desired,  except 
the  article  of  sugar,  the  sale  of  which  was  limited  t(t  one  half  pound 
per  person  i)er  week.  This  was  necessary  to  prevent  as  mucii  as  pos- 
sible the  manufactureof  (|uas,  or  native  beer,  and  the  drunkenness  lu'o- 
duced  by  its  use,  and  it  isbelioved  thatdiiring  the  holy  days  veiy  little 
of  the  small  (piaiitity  sold  was  used  lor  tea,  being  saved  in  snnill 
l)arcels  until  suHicient  had  ac(!umulated  to  brew  into  l)cer. 

The  ice,  ])a(;k  that  (lomjdetely  inclosed  the  island  in  l''ebruary  re- 
nniined  until  May  2.'5,  when  it  broke  up  and  drifted  to  southwest,  ren- 
dering it  for  tlio  tirst  time  possible  tor  a  vessel  to  approach  the  island. 
The  steauH'r  Alcvtiiidir  arrived  May  28,  bringing  imiils,  etc.,  from  San 
Francisco,  having  on  board  the  general  agent  of  the  Alaska  Commer- 
cial ('omi)any  and  a  nundjcr  of  em]»loyee8  of  the  company  to  cany  on 
the  sealing.  The  steamer  also  brought  as  passengers  from  IJnalaska 
the  men  that  belong  to  the  island  who  took  ])assage  to  that  place  in 
September,  1872,  to  winter  there.  The  steamer  also  l)rouglit  two  (car- 
penters from  San  l-'ranciscoto  frame  and  build  a  church  for  tlu!  natives, 
the  people  of  both  St.  Paul  and  St.  (Jeorge  having  last  year  agreecl 
with  the  Alaska  ( 'ommercial  Company  to  furnish  the  materials  and  a 
])art  of  the  lalxtr  for  this  purjjose,  to  pay  for  which  a  fund  nearly  suf- 
iicient  has  been  already  accumulated  by  setting  aside  for  that  object 
two  tirst-class  shares  of  the  seal  fund  annually.  The  materials  have 
mu'G  then  been  landed  on  the  island,  and  the  (diurch  on  St.  I'aul  has 
been  raised  and  boarded  and  will  be  (iompleted  before  another  year; 
that  on  St.  (Tccnge  will  he  built  during  the  ensuing  winter. 

The  steamers,  having  linisjied  unloa<iing  and  taken  on  board  the  bal- 
ance of  skins  left  on  the  island  to  fill  theriuotaof  1872,  again  sailed  for 
Unalaska  June  2  to  reload  at  that  jdaco  with  lumber,  coal,  salt,  and 
stores  for  the  use  of  the  islands,  she  being  employed  to  i>ly  between 
that  place  and  the  seal  islands  until  the  encl  of  the  sealing  season. 

Immediately  after  the  dejiarture  of  th«>  steamer  the  sealing  (com- 
menced, and  all  the  natives  of  the  islands  worked  continuously,  Sunday 


ALAHKA    INDUHTKIKH. 


45 


i)X(tu|)l*'(l,  until  il  was  liiiiHhcil,  .Inly  -A.  VAnht  iiiitivoH  tVoiu  riiiiliiHka 
\v«'i(i  hn»ii};lit  lip  loassist  in  iiiilnadiii;;'  vomsoIh  iiiul  do  tii»^  otlier  work 
of  tlu>  citiiipany  wiiilo  tlio  scaliii>,'  lasted. 

All  att(Miii)t  was  iiiad(MHi  .liiiio  11  l)y  tlio  ^(Mieral  a({oiit  of  tht>  Alaska 
('oitiiiiDrcial  Coiiipaiiy  to  indue*)  tiKM'liicfs  to  adopt  as  a  iialivo,  to  sliaro 
ill  tiic  scaling'  and  its  prolits,  uii  uinploycc  of  tlu;  coinpaiiy,  a  Spanish 
rrt'idc,  a  iialivo  of  tlit)  Ladroiit's  Ishinds.  Tliis  Itcin;,'  rontiary  to  tii«» 
formerly  I'stahliHlied  lawof  tlio  Uiissians,  and  tiui  priiiriph!  always  kopt 
ill  vit'w  in  all  l(';;islatioii  tliat  to  tlio  natives  of  tlio  island  Melons  tlio 
privile;;»M»f  doiii;,'  tlio  labor  and  rucciviii;;  tliti  pay,  it  was  not  poriniltiMl. 

In  my  r()p(»it,  dated  November  Id,  1H71,  I  liatl  tlie,  honor  to  reeoiii 
mend  to  tlu)  Heen^tary  of  tlio  Treasury  to  ask  for  an  approi)riation  by 
<  !oiiK'ress  for  tlio  ])iii'ehas(^  of  Inniher  and  inatmial  to  enable  the  natives 
<»f  the  seal  islands  to  build  wooden  houses  for  themselves.  As  the 
president  of  the  Alaska  Oommereiiil  (company  voliiiitarity  ntl'ered  to 
imild  those  houses  and  allow  t  he  natives  to  live  in  them  free  i{'  rent,  no 
further  action  was  taken  in  the  matter.  There  liavo  simc  i)ee.n  built 
on  St.  Paul  Ishiiid  l.'J  hik-Ii  houses  and  so  disposed  of,  and  .''•  more  will 
be  built  this  season.  There  are  now  13  native  families  living.;'  in  .'5")  turf 
huts.  The  |)rop()silioii  was  made  by  the  eom|>any  to  build  a  lar^e 
number  of  thests  houses  the  present  year  instead  of  the  ehureli,  but  the 
people,  unanimously  desired  the  ehurcli  lirst.  On  St.(ie(irH:e.  then*  have 
been  built  .'5  houses  for  the  use  of  natives,  and  I  more  to  be  built  the 
present  season.  Arraiifreineiits  were  made  with  the  fieneral  aj;ent  of 
the  eom|)any  before  I  left  the  islands  by  which  the  i)eople  will  all  be 
comfortably  boused  diiriii},'  the  comiiifjf  winter.  A  very  larji'e  amount 
of  tli(5  necessary  supplies  for  the  uses  of  the  natives  have  (jeeii  stored 
on  the  islands  for  the  comiiifj  winter.  I']iglity  tons  of  coal  have  been 
landed  on  SI.  Paul,  but  owiiifj  to  the  pressure  of  other  matters  the  40 
tons  for  the  natives  had  not  yet  been  delivered  to  the  Treasury  agent 
in  chai'tie.  The  liO  tons  fur  St.  (Jeorfje  Island  have  been  delivered  to 
the  ollicer  in  eharjje  and  duly  receipted  for. 

The  Alaska  (Jommercial  (Jompany  have  this  year  introduced  two 
labor  savinjj  improvements  on  St,  Paul  Island  of  j^reat  ad\aiita}ie  to 
the  iteople.  The  fiist  is  a  moveable  railway  track  placed  on  the  beach, 
extendiiijjf  into  deep  water,  so  thiit  boats  come  to  and  discharjio  their 
frei}j;ht  into  cars  to  be  hauled  on  shore.  This  saves  the  men  from  the 
necessity  of  wadinj^  tlirou{(h  the  water  to  land  coal,  salt,  and  other 
heavy  articles  on  their  shoulders  as  formerly.  The  other  is  the  iiitro- 
ductiun  of  a  horse  and  mules  to  haul  the  skins  from  the  killing  ground 
to  the  salt  hon.ses  while  sealing,  instead  of  men  bringing  them  on  their 
shoulders.  This  improvement  alone  redu(!es  the  labor  of  taking  the 
skins  fully  2")  per  cent,  and  is  the  i)rincii)al  reason  of  the  work  being 
done  so  much  earlier  this  year  than  before. 

It  will  l»e  seen  by  the  foregoing  report  that  all  the  conditions  of  the 
lease  have  been  fulfilled  by  the  Alaska  CommenMal  ('ompaiiy  in  a  broad 
and  generous  spirit  that  entitles  them  to  very  high  commendation. 

I  inclose  herewith  copies  of  the  reports  of  Samuel  I'alconer,  assistant 
Treasury  agent  in  charge  of  St.  (ieorgo  Island;  and  iit  the  same  time 
desire  to  express  in  the  strongest  manner  my  appreciation  for  the  able 
inannor  in  which  he  has  administered  theatlairsof  that  island  since  the 
date  of  his  taking  charge,  November  D,  1870. 
I  have  the  honor  to  remain, 

Charles  Bryant, 
Treasury  Agent  fvr  ISial  Islunth. 


46 


ALASKA   INDU8TBIE8. 


SUPPLEMEIm  J'ARY  BEPOUT. 

The  seal  skins  bciiig-  all  cured  and  Bhipped  on  board  Htaxmcr  Alexan- 
der, she  sailed  for  San  Francisco  »Sei)tcnil)er  0,  to  tc/iutli  at  St.  Georjjte 
and  take  on  board  tlie  remainder  of  the  (piota  of  tliut  island.  The  gen- 
eral agent  (tf  the  Alaska  Commercial  Ciunpany  and  eniitK)yees,  except 
tlie  winter  force  of  threo  men,  returne,'  to  San  Fri',ncisco;  also,  as  pas 
sengers  myself  and  family  and  Assistant  Agen:,  II,  \V.  Elliott  and 
family.  Samuel  Falconer,  cs(i.,  assistant  treasury  agent,  remains  in 
charge  of  St.  George  Islaud,  acting  uuder  the  foliowing  instruc^^ions: 

TuEASUKY  Agent's  Okkick, 

.«r.  Paul  Island,  April ;,'/,  lS7:'i. 

Sir:  Yon  are  hereby  assigned  for  dnty  and  plf.:ed  in  chargo  of  8t.  CJeorKo  Island. 
It  will  1)0  your  duty  io  soo  that  tho  1:>'V8  of  the  United  States  concerning  tlio  taking 
of  fur  seals,  under  tho  loaso  with  tae  \laaka  Commercial  Coinnauy,  are  olisorvetl; 
that  tho  natives  are  i)rotocted  in  all  their  rights,  and  in  general  it  will  bo  your  duty 
to  perform  all  thosi)  acts  which  shall  be  for  tho  interest  of  the  United  States  and  the 
comfort  and  improvement  of  th.i  natives  of  the  island. 

You  are  h'Tewith  furnished  with  a.  blank  book  to  keep  a  record  of  the  following 
ob.jecis,  said  book  (o  bo  kept  on  th'  'slaud  for  future  refercucc. 

it  will  also  be  your  duty  To  see  tl':  X,  when  seals  are  driven  for  their  skins,  they  are 
taken  from  all  the  dilloreut  rc>':er  es  or  faniilies  in  such  proportion  as  tlio  size  of 
till!  rookery  bears  tc  the  whole  number  on  tlio  island. 

To  kee]>  a  list  of  the  number  of  seals  killed,  time  of  driving,  and  place  from  wheuce 
driven,  with  as  near  jis  may  be  tho  loss  from  overheating  while  driving  or  otherwise. 

To  give  special  atti-iiiii.n  fo  the  condition  of  the  lireiiling  rookeries  as  t"  their 
increase  or  otherwise  from  y3!>i  to  year,  adding  any  obsei  vations  ])ertinent  to  the 
olijcct  of  their  increased  ii'.vdopmr.it  that  may  suggest  itself,  and  r«:^  ort  the  facts 
to  ine  in  detail  s'.s  often  as  pri.^tica.'  le. 

In  addition,  you  are  requested  tog  ve  attention  to  tho  following  items  of  obBei;va- 
tion  and  innuiry : 

(1)  To  prei)i!re  a  list  which  will  give  iho  t'ullnamo,  sev,  age,  and  condition,  whether 
married  or  single  or  widowed,  of  every  man,  woman,  ind  child  now  living  on  the 
island. 

(2)  To  prepare  a  list  which  will  show  tho  number  of  fanulies  and  names  of  mnm- 
l)er8  living  on  tho  island. 

(3)  Keep  an  accurate  record  of  marriages,  births,  and  deaths,  and  the  cause <  of 
deaths  as  they  occur. 

(4)  K<'e|i  an  accurate  record  of  changes,  removals,  and  arrivals  of  the  natives  to 
and  from  the  island. 

(.'>)  Keep  a  diiily  joMriialof  tho  weather,  together  with  any  obsorvations  wT  remarks 
that  are  likely  to  he,  of  future  ufc  to  the  general  interests  of  the  islanci. 

Assistant  Agent  Francis  Lessen,  a  cojiy  of  whose  instructiaiiH  is  herewith  transmit- 
ted to  you,  will  report  to  you,  to  assist  in  the  performance  of  the.se  duties. 

ClIAHI.KS    UllYA.NT, 

Treasury  Jyent,  in  Chanje  of  Heal  Islandti. 
Samuel  Fai.coneh,  Esq., 

Assistant  Treasury  Agent. 


Treasiiiy  Aoent",^  OrriCr, 
.S7.  I'.tiU  inianil,  .'iprii  '.'■!,  /5?,?. 

Sik:  Should  Rishop  John,  of  Sitkii,  wish  to  i>!ace  a  (lurate  on  the  island  of  St. 
George  to  minister  to  the  spiritual  wants  of  the  puoi'le  yon  will  permit  him  todoso, 
admonishing  him  to  cimtine  himself  strictly  to  his  parochial  duties. 
Respectfully,  yours, 

(•IIAIU.KS    HllVAM, 

Treasury  Ayenl,  in  Cliarye  of  Seal  Islands. 

Samitel  I'ai.conkr, 

Assistant  Treasury  Agnit,  ,St.  George  Island. 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


47 


Treasury  Agent's  Office, 
St.  Paul  Island,  August  I,  1S7S. 
Sir:  You  aro  litreby  inRtrnctnd  that  in  all  cases  where  skins  are  shipped  from  St. 
Georjfe  Island  on  the  vessels  of  the  Alaska  Coniinorciul  Company  jound  direct  to 
Sun  Francisco,  withont  ntrordiiiK  opportunity  to  coniniunicate  with  this  offlco,  to  give 
a  certiticnte  for  the  number  so  Bhi|ipud  to  the  master  of  siiid  vessel  on  which  tho  skins 
arc  so  sliip])eil ;  also  forwarding  twu  coplcH  of  tlie  same  to  the  Secie;  ary  of  tho  Treas- 
ury and  the  collector  of  customs  for  San  Francisco,  one  of  tiiosa  copies '•o  be  forwarded 
by  tlio  vessel  tiiking  the  skins,  and  tho  duplicate  copies  slu)uld  bescnt  tho  next  oppor- 
tunity occurring  after,  and  report  tlio  same  at  this  otbco  at  tho  earliest  opuortunity. 
You  are  further  instructed  not  to  ponnit  any  person  or  persons  other  than  natives  of 
the  Hoiil  islands  (U-  directly  in  the  employ  of  the  Alaska  Coinmcrcial  C;om|)any,  to  reside 
on  St.  George  I-laud  without  'vritteu  puruiissiou  from  the  Secretary  of  tho  Treasury, 

Charles  Bryant, 
Treasury  Agent,  in  Charge  of  Seal  Islands. 
Sami'    .  Fauoker, 

A'^  istaiit  Agent,  in  Charge  of  St.  (leonje  Island. 

This  liiKt  was  u«(!e8sary,as  in  some  casos  the  vessels  touch  at  St.  George 
after  leaving  Si.  Paul  on  their  way  to  San  Francisco. 

The  i'  land  of  St.  Paul  is  left  in  ciiargo  of  Fraacis  Lessen,  esq.,  assist- 
ant Treasury  agent,  with  instructions  of  which  the  following  is  a  copy: 

Treasury  Agent's  Or  kice, 
tit.  Paul  Island,  August  7,  187S. 

Sir:  Yon  .iro  hereby  plPi^od  temporarily  in  charge  of  tho  island  of  St.  Paul,  \vhore 
it  will  bo  your  duty  to  maintain  tho  laws  of  tlio  United  .States  relating  to  tho  i)ro- 
tecl  ion  and  ]uoscrvati<iu  of  the  fur  soaii,  th'j  conditions  of  the  least  with  tho  Alaska 
Commercial  Company,  and  the  regulation:!  of  tho  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  under 
said  lease  f(M'  the  taking  of  the  same. 

It  will  be  your  duty  to  see  that  no  seals  are  killed  exce]it  under  tho  directions  ot 
the  chiefs  fcr  the  puri)o8o  and  as  ju-ovided  in  section  1  of  tho  act  entitled  "'An  act  to 
j)revcnt  tho  extermination  of  tho  fur-l)earing  animals  in  AlasVa,"  approved  .July  1, 
1870. 

,You  aro  fui'ther  instnictcii  not  to  permit  any  person  or  persons  other  than  natives 
of  the  seal  islands  or  <lircetly  in  the  employ  of  the  Aliiska  Commercial  Company,  to 
liuid  or  re-lido  on  St.  I'aul  except  by  written  permission  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury. 

IJowever,  shonl.l  a  curate  of  tho  Russian  Orthodox  Church,  furnished  with  proper 
testimonials  I'roiu  'tishop  .)ohn,  of  Sitka,  wish  to  land  and  reside  on  the  island  to 
administer  to  tho  spiritual  \vai'*H  of  the  peo])le,  you  are  hereby  autlnuizod  to  permit 
him  to  (ill  so.  with  the  understimding,  however,  that  in  all  civil  nuittors  he  will  be 
subject  to  the  laws  of  tho  rnitecl  Statet  and  the  regulations  of  the  Secretary  of  tho 
Treasury  which  may  bo  made  in  pursuai  co  thereof. 

CiiARi.,     Bryant, 
TVrnnunj  Agent,  in  Charne  of  Sral  Islands. 

Franc  IS  Lessen,  Ksq., 

.Issistanl  Treanury  .igeni,  SI.  Paul  Island. 

I  have  the  honor  to  remain, 

Charlks  Bryant, 
TrraKitry  Agent  for  Heal  Islands. 
Hon.  Wm.  a.  ItioilA    DSON, 

Secretary  of  the  TreaHury. 


Inilosure  u-ith  ItrijanCs  Annual  hsfmrl  for  l'!7i^:  Shipping  Ileceipt. 

TiKAHlTRY   AGKNT'S  OFFIOE, 

.S7,  Paul  hland,  June  :J,  1873. 
Sir:  This  is  to  certify  that  tho  Alaska  Conimercial  Company  have 
this  (Irv  siiipocl  o>;  board  their  si  earner  AUwander,  for  transshipment 
ou  borid  bark  Vyanc^  or  other  xdsyel,  at  IJualaska,  for  San  Fraucisco, 


48 


AI/AHKA    INIMJSTHIK8. 


.'?,no(l  fill'  seal  KkiiiH,  al!  of  laMi  year's  (jatcli,  beiiif;'  tlie  balance  of  tlio 
(juota  ol'  187-. 

Very  resiUHttiilly,  yoiirH, 

CUAKLES    IJRYANT, 

'I'tcuHHry  Affciit,  in  (Jhurye  of  iSval  Isktnds. 
hinn  /''niiiciHro,  ('(il. 


Indonure  Willi  Itiijanl'ii  .tiiiiual  lliporl  for  /.V7.>;  Shipping  lleceipl. 

'J'llEA.SUUY   AfiENT'S  Ol'FIOE, 

*V/.  Paul  Tduvd,  July  II,  187 :s, 

Sm:  I  hereby  cert i(y  llial  (be  AbiHka  Coiniiiercial  Company  has  this 
day  shipped  on  lioanl  their  Mfeanier  Alcrmukr^innw  this  ishiiid,  ibr 
traii.sshii)iiieiit  at  lJiiabiKka,oti  board  the  bark  t'yam^for  San  l''raneisco, 
3li,()7f>  t'ur  seal  skins;  aim*  tlie  same  steamer  has  on  board,  shipped  at 
St.  (leorgc  Ishmd,  -luly  7,  JH7.'J,  5,liW  I'ur-seal  skins,  all  of  this  year's 
catch. 

CiiAULEs  Bryant, 
'I'rMHiiry  Agent,  in  Vhutge  of  iSeul  Islands. 

C()IJ>i:(!TOU   (»!'   CUHI'OMM, 

tian  I'nwiHvo,  (!al. 


Incl'jsure  with  linjuHl'n  Anniiat  lliimrl /or  ISl'l:  I' mart  af  Assistant  Ai/iiit  Falconir. 

Ahs;;^tant  'I'iieasuhy  Agent's  Oi'Tice, 

St.  (horgc  Island,  May  H7,  1873. 

SlU:  Having?  reported  to  yon  in  detail  in  the  month  of  August  last 
coucernint;'  tlie  InrM-aJ  rookeries  and  (he  number  of  skins  taken  by  the 
company  leaves  me  l)ut  little  (o  siiy  y>i\  this  subject  atju'esent,  as  noth- 
ing important  triiiispired  on  the  island  since  that  time.  The  seals, 
however,  (^ontinnt-d  in  large  numbers  until  late  in  autumn,  a  few 
r«iniiining  a.  h'.e  as  tlit^  l!»th  of  |)w,('ml)er. 

The  number  of  pups  and  oIIkm'  seals  taken  by  the  natives  for  winter 
food  at  the  close  <»('  the  seaHoii  Coots  up  to  about  LV'OU,  the  same  as  last 
year. 

The  niatt^rial  for  tlie  (ioverntnent  house,  landed  here  by  the  steamer 
AUwandii-  \n  August  lust,  WiiM  erected  according  to  plans  and  specili- 
cations,  with  this  (exception,  a  ro<'k  foundation  was  placed  underneath 
the  building  instead  of  postM,  as  the  plan  ])rovided,  there  being  good 
material  near  at  hand  for  that  purpose.  I  also  found  it  necessary  to 
erect  an  addition  !>  feet  Mipnire  incilosing  the  back  door,  and  furnishing 
a  suitable  place  for  wat^T,  «;oal,  etc. 

The  lab(»r  account  for  the  erection  of  this  building  amounted  to  .'^.'177, 
as  i)er  vouchers  herewith  inclosed;  also  i)lcase  find  bills  to  the  amount 
of  %UA).\)1  for  necessary  artii'les  purchased  for  the  utt  of  the  building; 
in  all,  85;5(;,<t7. 

1  i^'\y  here  state  tlnil  the  I'onndatioTi  when  complete  cost  about  $100 
extra,  thus  milking  an  ailditionni  (expense,  but  as  there  were  no  posts 
on  the  isliind  suitable  tbi'  the  purpose  I  was  compelled  to  use  the  rock, 
which  is,  in  my  opinion,  well  worth  the  difi'erenee. 

The  laborers  were  pai<l  ac(;ording  as  the  work  progressed,  through 


ALASKA    INDUSTIUKS. 


49 


tlie  kindness  of  the  Alaska  Coniniercial  (!onipiiny,  and  at  the  same  rate 
per  diem  as  i)aid  by  said  company  wlieii  employed  by  them. 

Much  dilliculty  was  experienced  during  the  crtiction  from  the  con- 
tinuous rains  and  general  foul  state  of  tlio  weatlier.  In  consequence 
of  this  there  was  but  one  other  building  erected  last  season — by  ISIr. 
Adams,  the  company's  agent,  which  was  lincly  lifted  up  for  a  store.  Lhe 
old  (me  having  been  converted  into  a  schoolhouso. 

In  September  last  the  company's  bark  (Jyanc  hinded  a  large  (jua/itity 
of  lumber  for  native  houses,  but  their  erection  was  prevented  for  like 
reasons  already  stated. 

In  to  month  of  October  i.ist  the  island  was  visited  by  a  vast  num- 
ber of  violent  gales,  causing  buildings  to  shake  to  the  very  ground. 
Fortunately  no  serious  daj'uigo  was  done. 

The  winter  following  was  unusually  rough  and  cold,  the  ire  arriving 
as  early  as  the  27th  of  January  and  remaining  until  May  21. 

The  school  was  maintained  througli  the  winter,  but  has  met  with 
quite  a  drawback  on  the  part  of  the  children's  parents,  who  entertain 
the  idea  that  by  acquiring  an  English  education  it  will  interfere  with 
their  religion.  The  absurdity  of  t'-i;.  :ias  been  fully  explained  to  them, 
and  a  few  have  consented  to  have  their  children  attend,  although  not 
regularly,  while  others  are  still  of  the  original  belief.  Thus,  where  no 
inducement  is  held  forth  by  the  children's  parents,  slow  progress  may 
be  expected,  though  much  pains  hiive  been  taken  by  their  teacher. 
WouUl  it  not  be  well  to  notify  their  bisiioi)  at  Sitka  in  reference  to  this, 
who  would  be  most  likely  to  banish  this  errom  idea  from  their 
minds  entirely? 

The  general  health  of  the  island  is  comi)aratively  g  "d.  In-  the  |iar 
ticulars  of  which  I  will  refer  you  to  Dr.  Meany's  rei)ort  to  tie    com , 
pany's  agent  stationed  on  your  island. 

The  number  of  births  since  the  month  of  August  last  is  4,  and  he 
number  of  deaths  for  the  same  period  2. 

The  meteorological  record  for  the  island  will  be  forwarded  you  in  a 
separate  inclosure. 

Samxtei.  Falconer, 
Ansitant  Treasury  A^ent,  in  Charge  of  St.  Georye  Lslainl. 


Inclosure  with  Jiryanl's  Annual  Report  for  lS7f:  Hepi>rl  of  Assinlant  Jt/ent  Falconer. 

Assistant  Treasury  Agent's  Office, 

St.  George  Island,  August  ],  1873. 
Sir:  Owing  to  the  lateness  of  last  spring,  the  seals  were  about  three 
weeks  behind  their  usual  time  of  arriving.  This,  however,  would  not 
iippear  anyways  detrimental  to  them,  as  their  breeding  rookeries  are  in 
as  good,  if  not  better,  condition  this  year  than  they  have  been  at  any  one 
time  since  my  arrival  at  the  island,  for  1  notice  on  some  of  the  rookeries 
the  i)assagev'ays  formerly  occupied  by  young  bachelors  in  hauling  up 
on  the  back  ground  are  completely  blocked  up  by  females,  thus  pre- 
venting the  young  seals  from  landing;  and  as  the  greater  portion  of 
(his  island's  shore  is  composed  of  high  cliil's,  it  renders  itditticult  for 
any  great  number  to  effect  a,  laiuling.  There  are  also  numerous  old 
males  constantly  guarding  the  shore  line,  which  makes  it  still  more 
diUicult  for  the  younger  ones  to  work  their  way  onto  the  background. 
Of  this  cluss  there  is  a  scarcity  tin's  year,  and  1  am  of  the  opinion  it  is 
in  a  great  measure  owing  to  above  reasons. 
LI.  Doc.  l>2 1 


50 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


From  personal  observations  taken  on  your  islan^'  last  sprinj^  I  am 
persuaded  to  believe  that  the  proper  number  and  ratio  have  not  h{nm 
assifrned  tliis  island,  for  I  do  not  hesitate  in  sayinj;'  thiit  St.  Paul  is 
bettor  able  to  furnish  100,000  annually  than  St.  (ieorjje  is  10,000. 

I  would  thc^refore  suf'f.fest  tiiat  the  See,retary  of  the  Treasury  be 
inlbrmed  of  this,  in  order  that  the  act  relative  to  the  nund<er  of  fur 
seals  taken  im  each  island  might  be  amended,  so  that,  say,  ir),(/00  be 
taken  on  St.  (ieorge  Island  and  80,000  on  St.  Paul. 

On  the  4th  of  June  the  Alaska  Commercial  Jcmipany  commenced 
driviDj-'  seals  for  their  .skins,  and  during  tliis  month  only  (>,7l-*7  were 
obtained;  but  in  July  they  came  in  greater  numbers,  and  the  (;om})any 
succeeded  ai  securing  their  number,  25,000,  by  tlio  2iStii  of  this  mcntii. 
ShoiUd  a  warm  dry  season  happen  to  set  in,  unfavorable  for  tiu^  liaul- 
ing  of  seals,  I  feel  confident  that  the  number  assigned  this  island  could 
not  be  taken  within  the  time  considered  best  for  the  taking  of  .skins. 
Thus  the  company  would  fall  short  of  the  desired  number  ad  the  (lov- 
ernment  of  the  revenue,  when  in  reality  there  are  millions  to  be  had  ou 
St.  Paul.  Sam  TEL  Falconer, 

Assistant  Treasury  Af/cnt. 

Capt.  Chas.  P>iiyant, 

Treasury  Ayent,  in  Charye  of  Hail  IslamtH,  ISt.  Paul. 


'or  1878. 


Special  Ayent  liryant:  Supplemental  Report  J 

Fairiiavkn,  Mass.,  December  1, 1S73. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  intbrm  you  that  the  Alaska  Commercial 
'Company's  schooner  William  Sutton  touched  at  the  seal  islands, 
Alaska,  ou  the  4th  of  October  last,  for  the  i)urpose  of  taking  to  San 
Francisco  Messrs.  Mossmau  and  Davidson,  of  that  place,  two  carpenters, 
who  had  been  employed  in  building  the  native  church.  By  this  mail  I 
received  a  brief  report  from  Francis  Lessen,  esq.,  assistant  Treasury 
agent  in  charge  of  St.  Paul  Island,  containing  informati(»n  of  the  con- 
dition of  that  island  two  months  later  than  J  1(  It,  August  9,  the  follow- 
ing of  which  is  a  copy : 

Theahckv  Aoknt's  Oh  kick, 
,S7.  I'md  Island,  Uc.toba-  4,  1.S7S. 

Sin:  I  h.ave  tho  honor  to  nubmit  to  yoii  <i  short  report  on  tl'u  condition  of  this 
island.  Sinco  your  dcimrtiire,  AiigUHt  !t,  I  liiive,  according  '.o  your  iii.strnctionH, 
examined  the  near  rooki^ries  tr('<iueutly,  nnd  on  three  occa.sioiis  Mr.  Adiuiiw,  myself, 
and  Kootrin,  tho  chief,  went  in  a  whaleboat  around  tho  inland  to  tli(»  western  and 
uortheastorn  itoint  rookeries.  I  find  our  opinion  on  the  unusual  (luantity  of  young 
seals  (i)upH)  and  tho  good  condition  of  tlie  rookeries  all  agree. 

In  regard  to  tho  health  and  comfort  of  the  iuhaliitants,  I  have  ninch  ideasuro  to 
state  thiit  the  nuiuageuu'ut  of  the  coniiany's  atl'aiis  uu<ler  Mr.  Adani",  agent  for  the 
Ala.sk.i  (Jiunniercial  Couijjany  of  this  island,  iilthough  short,  as  yet,  1,  i.s  proven  to  nie 
Hulli(Mently  that  ho  intends  and  does  a!r>  much  to  improvo  their  condition  as  cireuui- 
stances  i)erniit. 

August  I.")  a  (livision  was  made  among  the  inhabitants  of  the  earimigNof  this  year's 
sealing,  which  amounted  to  .f21l,()7l.l!0,  and  was  divided  by  the  dilef  in  my  ))resence, 
as  follows:  'M  lirst-elass  shares  at  !()<'  per  cent,  $135.11  per  sha'e:  20  sooond-class 
shares  at  !H)  per  cent,  if3'Jl.r)it  per  share;  TO  third-class  shares  at  SO  per  cent, -tS  18.08 
per  share ;  (i  fourth-(dass  shares  at  70  per  cent,  !l'301..57  i)er  share. 

Ou  the  arrival  of  the  company's  schooner /CiZ/iam  Sultoii,  October  I.  I  receivctd  from 
tho  Alaska  Commercial  {'om])auy  on  account  of  tho  (iovornment  for  distribution 
among  the  inhabitants  of  this  island  27  barrels  salted  and  8,000  pound.s  dried  lish, 
also  K)  tons  of  coal,  as  ))ro\  idcd  for  in  the  lease. 

The  school  for  the  (Mlueation  of  the  children  was  opened  on  tho  Ist  of  October, 
nuder  the  management  of  Mrs.  Fish  as  teacher. 

Fkancis  Lk.s.sen, 

Chaui.h.s  Buvant,  Ksi].,  Assialunt  Trcaatiry  Agviit. 

Tivasury  Ayent  for  Seal  Islan<la. 


i 


ALASKA   INDUSTKIKS. 


51 


In  my  report  of  September  .'^0  I  Ktated  tliat  previous  to  louving  the 
island,  August  0,  arnnificincnts  Imd  been  niad(5  to  secure  tiioeomfbrt 
of  the  natives  duriii};'  theeiisiiiiif;'  winter.  From  ])rivatecorres]»oiideii(',e 
I  learn  tliat  tliese  liav(^  all  been  fully  carried  out  and  that  they  are  now 
all  eoiiifortably  housed. 

I  have  the  honor  to  renuiin, 

ClIAKLlOS   BkVANT, 
TratNiiry  Atjciit  for  tical  lulanits. 
lion.  W.M.  A.  KloiiARUSoN, 

tSevrctari/  t;/'  llir  'rreasiiri/. 


I 


Speaial  Ai/cnt  II.   W.  Hlllott:  Ajl'itirs  of  luttircs,  »SW(/  Inlands. 

Washington,  J).  C,  (fctobcr .;/,  /y7,?. 

jSiR:  Three  points  connected  with  tiie  {general  interests  of  tiie  (lov- 
ornuient  upon  the  I'ribilof  grouj)  of  seal  islands  seem  to  call  lor  your 
immediate  persomil  consideration,  iind  sis  sucli  I  take  them  from  my 
general  report  and  i)reseut  thcui  in  this  s]»ecial  communication  to 
yourself. 

First.  The  annuid  waste  of  seal  oil  upon  the  I'ribilof  Islands.    One 
hundred  tiiousiind  seals  nre  annually  slaughtered,  and  the  l)lul)her  su; 
fered  to  rot  and  waste  away  upon  the  killinj>'  jn^rounds,  owinj"-  to  the 
ta\  now  levied  by  law  ui)on  every  gallon  of  seal  oil  that  may  be  nnide 
and  exported  to  home  ports. 

in  tills  way  over  K>,()00  gallons  of  excellent  oil  are  annuiiUy  lost  to 
the  aggregate  of  national  wealth.  As  the  nnitter  now  stands,  no  party 
can  prolitably  render  this  seal  blubber  into  oil  and  transient  it  U,.")!)!) 
miles  to  Hun  Francisco  for  market,  ami  enter  into  successful  competi- 
tion there  with  the  makers  of  lard,  rape  seed,  and  other  oils,  who  have 
no  such  impost  to  support. 

1  would  therefore  respectfully  suggest  that,  as  this  waste  of  seal  oil 
on  the  I'ribilof  Islands  is  a  i)i>.l>!i(!  loss,  the  tax  now  levied  by  law  upon 
its  shii)ment  from  tiio  islands  to  honuj  ports  be  abolished. 

Wecond.  With  regard  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  I'ribilof  Islands,  who 
are  the  "natives,''  as  specitied  in  the  law  of  the  lease.  This  is  a  mat 
ter  (»f  great  importance  to  these  people,  and  to  ])revent  confusion  and 
illegal  action  in  the  future  I  earnestly  urge  upon  you  the  propriety  of 
settling  this  (luestion  beyoiid  any  possibility  of  evasion  or  misai)i»re- 
hension,  for  as  the  case  now  stands  it  is  not  clear  or  exi>licit  as  to  what 
class  of  the  classes  of  people  now  living  upon  the  islands  are  "the 
natives''  who  are  by  law  guaranteed,  as  they  slioidd  be,  the  sole  right 
of  independent  residence  on  the  islands  and  i)articipation  in  the  seal- 
ing labor  and  reward. 

Tiu^  people  now  living  upon  the  islands  nmy  be  divided  into  three 
classes,  viz:  (1)  The  natives,  properly  speaking,  or  tln.se  who  have 
been  born  and  laiscd  upon  these  islands.  (-')  The  pe(»ple  who  were 
living  tln;i(.  but  not  born  at  the  tinui  of  the  tiansfcr  of  the  Territory. 
(.'{)  Tlie  p'jople  who  wer."  living  and  working  nixm  the  I'ribilof  Islands 
at  the  tiiieof  tins  granting  of  the  ])resent  lease. 

If  yor  decide  exclusively  in  favor  of  tin*  Hist  class,  you  will  deprive 
tlireefi  (irtlis  of  the  present  population  of  the  right  to  live  and  labor 
upon  ihe  islands. 

it  you  decide  exclusively  in  favor  of  the  first  and  second  classes,  you 
will  deprive  six  Kadiak  and  Aleutian  families  of  the  right  to  live  and 
labor  there,  a  loss  which  the  people  could  not  well  sustain,  as  their 


52 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


workiiiff  {jau};'  for  the  seall^'p"  biisiueas  is  none  too  large  now,  and  many 
(lays  duiiu}^  the  press  of  ;;,'  best  drivin^f  and  killing  season  in  .luuo 
and  July  they  are  short  hancicd. 

Jjiit  if  you  decide  in  favor  of  the  third  class  also,  and  exclusively, 
you  will  settle  the  matter  in  the  most  satisfactory  manner  with  regard 
to  the  wishes  of  the  people  themselves.  Accurate  records  of  the  peo- 
ple living  ii]ion  the  islands  at  the  time  of  the  granting  of  the  lease  can 
be  found  in  the  church  registers  on  both  islands.  A  copy  of  theoae  on 
St.  r.iul  1  embody  in  my  report,  and  the  record  with  regard  to  St. 
(leorge  was  in  the  custody  of  Father  Shaiesneekoff,  of  I'nalaska,  who 
was  absent  on  the  occasion  of  my  being  there  August,  1873. 

Third.  The  brewing  of  beer,  or  "qnas,"  upon  the  Pribilof  Islands. 
The  existing  law,  which  prohibits  the  importation,  making,  or  vending 
of  spirituous  or  fermented  liquors  in  the  Territory,  is  an  excellent  one, 
but  the  natives  can  evade  it  almost  everywhere,  and  do  so  by  brewing 
a  species  of  beer  from  sugar,  rice,  flour,  etc.,  with  Avhich  they  become 
intoxicated;  but  upon  the  seal  islands  this  law  can  oe  thoroughly 
enforced,  and  it  should  be  done  rigidly,  with  honest  regard  for  the  best 
interests  of  the  ])eople  there,  Avho  had  they  the  opportunity  would  be  in 
a  chronic  coiulition  of  drunken  debauchery.  This  is  only  natural  on 
their  part,  for  most  of  their  time  is  ])ii8sed  in  idleness,  owing  to  their 
position  and  the  character  of  service  they  are  called  upon  to  render, 
which  engages  them  scarcely  over  two  working  months  in  the  year. 

The  (lovernment  agent  upon  these  islands  can  quietly  ami  ellectually 
abate  this  existing  nuisance  of  beer  intoxication  by  marking  iieoft'end- 
ing  persons  and  instructing,  orrather  authorizing,  the  company's  agent 
to  discontinue  the  selling  of  sugar,  hops,  etc.,  to  the  parties  who  ..buse 
the  privilege  of  purchasing  them,  and  this  agent  of  the  Alaska  Com- 
mercial Company  will  cheerfully  do  so. 

As  matters  now  stand  the  law  is  simply  nothing  in  regard  to  prevent- 
ing the  great  evil  of  intoxication  among  these  simple  people,  (jarried 
out,  as  it  has  been,  by  the  Treasury  agent  in  charge  of  the  islands 
during  the  season  of  my  residence  there  in  1872-73. 

The  physicians  on  the  two  islands  should  alone  have  the  dispensation 
of  liciuor,  and  they  shouldbe  well  supplied  with  it  for  medicinal  use  only, 
but  to  ail  others  living  or  visiting  on  the  Pribilof  Islands  the  law 
should  be  patent  and  real. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

Henry  W.  Hij.iott, 
Special  Agent  Treasury  Dejnirtment, 

Hon.  Wm.  a.  Riciiauuson, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


Special  Agent  Bryant :  Shipping  receipt,  quota  of  1873. 

Treasury  Agent's  Office, 

St.  Paul  Jdaml,  May  14,  1874. 
Sir  :  I  hereby  certify  that  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company  have  this 
day  ship|)ed  on  board  their  steamer  Alexander,  for  transshipment  at 
Unalaska,  2aG  fur-seal  skins  of  last  yeai^'a  catch,  being  the  balance 
remaining  on  hand  of  last  year's  quota. 

Charles  Bryant, 
Treasury  Agent,  in  Charge  of  Seal  Islands, 
Collector  of  Customs, 

San  Francisco,  Val. 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


Special  Agent  Bryant:  Shipping  receipt,  quota  of  1874. 


53 


Tbkasuby  Agent's  Office, 

St.  Paul  Island,  May  11,  1871. 

Sir:  I  hereby  (lertify  that  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company  have 
this  (lay  shipped  on  board  their  steamer  Alexander,  for  transshipment 
and  storape  at  Unalaska,  062  fur-seal  skins,  being  the  skins  of  animals 
killed  last  year  lor  native  food,  and  to  be  counted  as  a  part  of  the 
quota  of  1874. 

Charles  Bryant, 
Treasury  Agent,  in  Charge  of  Seal  Islands, 
Collector  of  Customs, 

San  Franvisco,  Cal. 


Special  Agent  Bryant:  Shipping  receipt,  quota  of  1874. 

Treasury  Agent's  Office, 

St.  Paul  Island,  July  10,  1874. 

Sir:  I  hereby  certify  that  tliore  lira  been  this  day  sliipped  on  board 
the  Alaska  Commercial  Coiiii>aMy'8  steamer  Alexander,  for  transKhip- 
meut  at  Unalaska,  40,000  fur-seal  skins,  all  of  this  year's  catch. 

Charles  Bryant, 
Treasury  Agent,  in  <Jh<i"jc  of  Seal  Islands. 

Thomas  Shannon,  K.s(|., 

Collector  of  Customs,  San  Francisco. 


Special  Agent  Bryant:  Shipping  receipt,  quota  of  1874. 

Treasury  Agent's  Office, 
aS7.  Paul  Island,  August  7,  1874. 

Sir:  I  hereby  certify  that  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company  Ik    ■ 
this  day  shipped  on  board  steamer  Alexander,  for  San  Francisco  <lirect, 
49,2.58  fur-seal  skins  taken  on  this  island  this  year.     Said  steamer  has 
also  on  board  .'5,620  fur-seal  skins  shipped  at  St.  (Jeorpe  Island  .July 
31,  beinjr  the  balance  of  this  year's  (juota  for  that  island. 

Charles  Bryant, 
Treasury  Agent,  in  Charge  of  Seal  Islands. 

Collector  of  Customs, 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


1874. 

Assistant  Agent  Falconer:  Report  on  characteristics  of  fur  seals. 

St.  (George  Island,  Ai  aska,  August  — ,  1874. 

Sir  :  Since  my  appointment  as  assistant  Treasury  agent  on  the  island 
of  St.  (reorxe  I  have  never  nnule  any  report  direct  to  the  Department 
bearing  on  the  liabits  and  ])eculiarities  of  the  fur  seal. 

My  instructions  were  to  always  report  to  Mr  Bryant,  the  agent  in 
charge,  but  the  only  reports  so  submitted  ^vere  of  a  routine  character, 


54 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


conceriiinp;  the  taking  of  seals  by  the  Alaska  Coininercinl  Comjiiuiy, 
tlieircoinpliancci  witli  tlio  laws  of  lie  I'liited  States  iuid  tlie  leasee  uiiiler 
wiiieh  tliey  have  been  actinj^f,  and  .ho  various  eliiiiiK'cs  in  tlie  rookeries. 

''  o  I\Ir.  Hryant,  as  agent  in  ehargti  of  tiie  seal  islands,  more  ])roi)erly 
belonpeu  the  dnty  to  apprise  ti»o  l)ei)artment  of  the  ehanges  in  tlie 
rookeries  and  the  habits  of  this  valuable  animal,  which  constitutes  the 
chief,  if  uot  the  only,  source  of  revenue  derived  by  the  Government 
from  the  i>ossessions  acquired  from  ]{ussia. 

The  reports  submitted  by  IVIr.  Hryant  to  the  Department  at  various 
times  ditVer  so  widely  from  my  views  that  I  feel  it  incumlient  upon  me 
to  comnnmicate  to  tlie  Department  a  sunnnary  of  tiie  result  of  my 
operations  during  my  residence  on  this  island. 

The  repo.t  that  I  now  have  the  honor  to  submit  is  based  upon  per- 
sonal observations  (nirefnlly  made  during  the  i>iist  four  years,  and  is  in 
liie  main  corroborated  by  Mr.  II.  W.  l<illiott,  who  was  at  one  time  sta 
tioned  witli  nie  on  this  island  as  an  agent  of  tiie  Treasury.  I  shall  also 
sjieak  on  other  tojacs  of  interest  relating  to  the  island  and  its  inhabit 
ants. 

THE  ISLAND   OP   ST.   UICORGK. 

This  island  is  much  smaller  than  St.  I'aul;  is  situated  in  latitude  r»0o 
19'  1(!"  north,  and  longitude  l«ii»"  ItC  (>"  west;  is  J(»  miles  long,  with 
an  average  breadth  of  about  .'U  miles,  and  has  an  area  of  liT  s(|uare 
miles.  Tlie  shores  of  the  island  are  bold  and  rocky,  and  the  cliffs  are 
in  many  ])laces  peri)eiulicular,  and  rise  to  a  height  of  nearly  l,(i()()  feet. 
The  sides  of  these  cliffs  are  the  favorite  resort  of  myriads  of  waterlbwl, 
which  {!onie  here  every  season  to  breed;  while  others  breed  under  the 
rocks  in  the  center  of  the  island.  During  the  spring  and  early  summer 
months  the  natives  very  readily  secure,  withonl  iiwiining  much  dan 
ger,  all  the  eggs  they  desire,  liy  stationing  themselves  along  the  edges 
of  the  cliffs,  they  entrap  a  great  many  of  the  birds  by  means  of  a  net 
fastened  over  a  hooj)  attached  to  the  end  of  a  long  ])ole. 

The  island  is  entirely  destitute  of  timber.  There  is  a  heavy  growth 
of  grass  during  the  sunnner,  of  an  excellent  <|uality,  atlbrding  good 
l)astnriige  for  cattle,  and  sheep,  and  goats. 

The  only  wild  animals  besides  the  seal  are  the  blue  and  white  fox. 
Tiie  latter  were  v»My  niinieroiis  when  the  island  was  llrsl  discdvered 
by  the  liussiaiis.  The  white  fox  evidently  made  its  way  to  the  island  on 
the  ice  from  the  Aictic  or  mainland  during  some  severe  m  inter;  but  the 
ai)pearaiu'e  of  the  blue  fox  is  unaccountable,  as  the  Pribilof  Isliinds 
and  Attn,  in  the  extreme  western  end  of  the  Aleutian  chain,  are  the 
only  ])laces  in  Amcuica  where  they  are  known  to  exist. 

St.  (ieorge  is  ISO  miles  from  the  Aleutian  Islands,  .'5.S  from  St.  I'aiil, 
and  about  <>0()  from  the  Arctic  Ocean. 

The  mean  teniiierature  daring  the  winter  is  about  -<P  F.,  aud  in  sum 
mer  4.'5^.  A  great  (|uantity  of  snow  falls  during  the  winter,  most  (»f 
which,  however,  is  carried  oil'  by  the  strong  winds  which  blow  gener- 
ally from  the  north  in  the  winter  season.  During  the  snnimer  it  rains 
almost  constantly,  which,  with  the  dense  fogs  that  prevail  during  this 
season,  accounts  for  the  humidity  of  the  atmosi)here  of  the  islands  and 
their  adaptation  to  the  peculiar  habits  of  the  fur  seal. 

THK   nAIMTS   OF   TIIK   FUR   SEAL. 

About  the  lat  of  May  tin*  bulls  first  make  their  ai)pearauce,  approach- 
ing the  shore  with  great  caution  and  raising  their  Ilea*.  .  at  intervals 
well  out  of  water.     If  everything  ajuiears  satisfactory  they  haul  up  and 


ALASKA    INDIKTHIKH. 


55 


8ele(!t  their  positions  in  tho  rookoricH,  wli<?r«  th*'y  rmttft'w  Hiirinf;  tlio 
brocdinp  season  nnlcss  drivcin  iiwiiy  l)y  man  or  tU*t  wijufrior  stn'iifjtli 
of  tiioir  rivals  who  conio  hiter.  Tlicy  take  lUiitUtir  futit)  nor  drink  lor 
tlirco  montlis,  livinj;'  entirely  ui)on  the  abwtrption  o(  M^'irrcwn  hlnltbc.r. 
When  they  take  to  water  at  tlic  einl  of  the  s«a*<>«  i\t«y  are  rednced  in 
weifiht  fnlly  one-half. 

It  has  been  fre(|«ently  stated  that  the  bulits,  aU*^  rr»«kinj?  a  reeon- 
noisaance  of  tho  hauling  {jrounds,  dejtart  and  wttmt  n^mii  ip  Mie  course 
of  a  few  days  with  larj^e  nnmbers  (»f  tiieir  kind,  -.iuti  nt  iUc.  fii.'.t  appear- 
anee  of  these  sentinels  tlie  natives  extin}iUl^J4  iitfit  Dtf:*.  Itotli  of 
these  assertions  are  incorrect.  When  the  bullw  UtM  land  they  will 
weigh  from  toO  to  r»00  ])onnds.  They  are  nlHtutd^  fw'f,  in  length  and 
the  greatest  circumference  from  5  to  <>  feet,  in  n**'A^tniumn  the  weigiit 
of  seals  1  have  exercised  great  care,  and  have  uavt^^t^  ■Mjfcn  a  fnr  seal 
that  would  weigh  even  (iOO  jiounds. 

Tiie  nuile  matures  in  eight  or  nine  years  aud  tutl  n4Ki%\cx.  Tlie  dif- 
ferent years  of  i)rogression  can  be  readily  irM'M  (ruin  one  year  up  to 
eight  or  nines  sifter  that  yx'riod  I  tliink  it  Uii\>tt>f4hUt  to  aseertain  with 
jiny  degree  of  aceuracjy  the  true  age  of  a  seal.  ii*/im  imt  a  fn II  grown 
seal  can  maintain  a  position  in  the  rookeries,  asttt  Vfhfit  the  breeding 
season  is  over  many  of  them  take  to  tiie  water  U>f*'.4iti,fi,titi  ■whew  return- 
ing to  land  to  rest  they  haul  up  on  jiorlions  of  thu'  rt^ikt^k-H  other  than 
the  breeding  grounds.    The  most  desirable  |v>isjtj/y«  f/fr 

THE   UREKDIN(i    (>EOi:NJ>« 


appears  to  be  loose  belts  of  rocks  which  skiit  iUt^  tiUmt^  In-tween  high- 
water  mark  and  the  base  of  the  cliHs.  Thewi  i£i'*»ufh  vary  in  width; 
generally  they  are  from  25  to  100  feet,  aecoi<lintr(/<  tlnftfoTniation  of  the 
shore;  lint  when  they  are  insufticient  for  their  v^HUt*  artd  all  tlie  avail- 
able space  has  been  taken  uj),  I  hav<!  seen  th«'iH  UHti\  m{»  on  the  back 
ground,  sometimes  sealing  the  sides  of  hills  U/  tit*-:  Utitght  of  several 
hundred  feet  and  at  an  angh;  of  .'iO  degrees,  tiy  th*r  Urth  or  l,">th  of 
.June  all  the  ground  is  occupied,  each  bull  nttit'rvUti(  fm  himself  a  space 
(»f  J)  or  10  feet  square  for  his  family.  Very  htiUt  t'oittfi^t'ttift  for  position 
takes  jdace  until  the  arrival  of  the  females,  'i'U*^  f'/>utinc.i\<(\  to  haul 
up  about  the  middle  of  June,  an<l  continue  to  arHvn^  nutti  aliont  the  10th 
or  lath  of  July.  Tho  engagenuMits  at  this  timii  (wIumj  the  females  are 
arriving)  are  very  severe,  often  resulting  in  th«  tlttalh  ttfouc,  or  both  of 
tlie  antagonists,  and  sometimes  in  the  death  of  tUn  ftrmnU,  who  is  torn 
in  pieces  by  the  bulls  sooner  tlia  i  either  would  yi'iUUti(\y  y'uhl  her  up  to 
the  embraces  of  a  rival.  Both  the  bidls  and  tmmici^  when  they  first 
arrive  are  in  excellent  condition.  A  female  is  aiftm  tmf:  U>nrth  the  size 
of  a  lull-grown  male.  l"'rom  the  weights  «yf  mivi^rai  cuMained  in  July, 
187.'{,  I  found  them  to  average  SO  pounds:  wUau  aclvarteed  in  years, 
however,  and  they  cease  breeding,  they  be4;o»j«  %'*fy  fat  and  wili  then 
weigh  from  100  to  llil)  pounds.  When  they  nitimr^tih  the  sliore  tliey 
are  taken  i)OS8es8ion  of  by  the  bulls  on  the  v.k'niMttf  thfr  rookery  near 
the  water's  edge.  When  she  reach«'s  the  shor«',  ttii«^^  hnJls  (generally 
the  nearest  one)  will  spring  between  her  and  tiu*  wjntM  and  force  her 
into  his  harem,  where  she  remains  until  his  aiU'Utmt  i*  attra<^ted  by 
the  coming  of  another  female,  and  while  he  is  t^iult^M'ming  to  secure  the 
new  arrival  the  other  deserts  to  his  next  neighlx/r,  who  is  always  upon 
the  alert  for  an  oppcntunity  of  this  kind  to  <x'>(;ijr,  H^^t^  wnconrages  the 
desertion.  Jiy  these  repeated  desertions  from  oiin^  tmrcm  to  another  the 
entire  rookery  is  lilled.     Sometimes  in  the«e  tU»>>MXtottn  the  female  is 


5() 


AI.ASKA    INUUHTUIKH. 


overtaken  and  caittured  by  lioi*  fii-Ht  partner  and  Hevcr<>ly  (diastised, 
the  bull  taking  her  u]>  in  liiH  month  and  shaking;  her  very  niueh  as  a 
eat  would  a  mouse.  The  female  utterB  no  ery,  in*r  docH  she  make  any 
aitem])t  to  ((et  away  during  the  eaHtigatiun,  u<;eepting  her  ]HtniHliment 
with  good  grace  and  deserting  again  at  the  very  tirMt  o|)portnnity. 

The  A'uiale  always  endeavors  to  select  a  perniaTient  jtosition  in  (lie 
rookeries  before  giving  birth  to  her  young,  which  generally  takes  place 
from  two  to  six  days  after  their  arrival. 

THK   PUPK, 

The  pnp  when  born  will  weigh  from  (i  to  H  pounds,  is  of  a  very  dark 
brown  (almost  black)  in  color,  and  is  covered  with  short  hair  and  a 
little  fur.  After  the  first  day  it  is  able  to  sit  up  and  nnrse  very  much 
like  a  young  dog.  Its  mother  seems  to  be  very  much  attached  to  it;  is 
able  to  distinguish  its  cry  from  tlie  thousands  around  her,  and  readily 
responds  to  its  relief  if  it  becomes  lodged  between  the  nxtks  and  unable 
to  extricate  itself. 

When  the  pu])s  are  about  six  weeks  old  they  receive  their  first  lessons 
in  swimming.  They  are  forced  into  the  water  by  tlieir  mothers  atid 
sometimes  by  the  bulla.  1  have  seen  on  one  occasion  a  female  <!arry  her 
])U]>  in  her  mouth  and  drop  it  in  the  water  a  few  yards  fnmi  hind  and 
leave  it  to  make  its  way  ashore  unaided.  Notwithstanding  the  seal 
belongs  to  the  order  of  amphibia,  the  pnp  never  instinctively  seeks  the 
water,  and  appears  very  much  iriglitened  on  its  first  immersion,  and 
paddles  to  the  shore  as  awkwardly  as  the  young  of  the  canine  or  feliiio 
species.  After  a  while  they  become  expei't  swininmrs  and  seek  the 
water  of  their  own  accord,  and  seem  to  enjoy  the  sport  vca-y  much, 
remaining  in  it  the  greater  portion  of  the  time.  They  return  to  land 
only  when  requiring  food  and  rest.  Before  they  l)eeome  good  swim- 
mers and  are  able  to  battle  with  the  waves  a  great  many  are  killed  by 
the  surf  dashing  them  against  the  rocks.  Jn  tlie  years  1872  and  1873 
about  4  or  5  i)er  cent  of  the  y(mng  pups  were  killed  in  this  manner. 
When  they  leave  the  island  in  the  fall  they  are  <!X(!e(!dingly  fat,  and  will 
weigh  from  20  to  2.')  ])ounds.  Previous  to  their  departure  about  2,0(M» 
of  the  male  class  are  annually  taken  by  the  nativeH  for  food.  These 
pelts  liave  no  commercial  value. 

THE   VERIOI)   OF  COPULATION 

takes  place  a  few  days  after  the  birth  of  tlie  pnji,  and  c/>ntinue8  at  inter- 
vals for  a  week  for  each  female  until  the  wants  of  (he  entire  harem  are 
complied  with  by  the  bull.  The  fertilization  of  the  female  as  a  general 
rule  isefl'ected  l»y  the  bull  in  charge  of  each  particular  harem,  and  not 
by  young  males,  as  i)reviously  reported.  Tlie  young  males  (bachelors) 
will  invariably  imrsue  the  female  after  she  leaves  the  harem  and  enters 
the  water,  but  she  always  refuses  hira. 

The  position  and  structure  of  the  genital  organs  are  similar  to  that  of 
horned  cattle,  and  the  manner  of  coition  is  not  unlike  that  of  the 
canine  species.  When  pregnancy  takes  place  the  bull  discontinues  to 
a  certain  extent  his  surveillance  and  allows  her  to  go  unmolested  where- 
ever  she  desires.  Upon  one  occasion  1  saw  a  c«)piilation  take  place  in 
the  water  Av lien  the  surf  was  breaking;  the  water,  however,  was  not 
deep  enough,  excejit  when  the  surf  broke,  Ut  <;over  both  of  their  bodies. 
A  copulation  may  take  ])lace  in  the  water,  but  it  is,  in  my  opinion, 
unnatural  and  very  rarely  done.    The  time  consumed  in  a  copulation 


ALASKA    INOUHTRIES. 


57 


iH  iVom  five  to  ei^lit  iiiiiiules;  but  as  tlio  season  udvancoM  and  the 
vitality  of  the  main  is  decieasinjj,  and  his  i)r<tcieative  powers  are  some- 
wliafc  exhausted,  a  greater  length  of  time  is  required. 

The  female  arrives  at  puberty  at  2  years  au(l  jtroduees  her  first  pup 
at  the  age  of  .'J  years.  This  1  very  readily  determined  Iroiu  the  fact 
that  when  1  year  old  both  sexes  haul  up  on  the  baek  grounds  and  are 
not  allowed  by  the  bulls  to  a[)proach  the  breeding  rookeries  during  the 
breeding  season.  Upon  retuiiiing  to  tiio  island  the  following  year  the 
females  enter  the  harems  and  the  males  of  eorresponding  age  take  up 
the  position  they  oe<Mij)ied  during  the  year  ]»revious.  The  young  female 
then  receives  the  male  for  the  first  time  and  brings  forth  her  i)up  the 
following  year. 

The  period  of  gestation,  Judging  fronj  the  different  observations  I 
have  made,  is  fifty  weeks. 

The  male  arrives  at  the  age  of  puberty  at  3  years,  but  owing  to  an 
inferiority  in  size  and  strength  he  is  unable  to  eope  with  the  old  l)ulls 
or  maintain  a  )>osition  in  the  breeding  grounds  until  ho  is  fully  H  or  9 
years  old. 

THE  FtTU 

of  the  male  is  of  a  dark  reddish -brown,  mixed  witli  blaek  hair,  with  a 
silvery  tip  extending  beyoiul  the  fur.  The  mane  is  quite  shaggy,  and 
is  a  shade  or  two  lighter  than  the  rest  of  the  body.  The,  older  the 
aninuil  the  darker  the  fur  until  the  seal  reaches  maturity. 

The  fur  of  the  female  is  similar  to  that  of  the  male.  The  hair  is 
shorter  and  of  a  brighter  color,  especially  about  the  neck  and  breast, 
which  is  the  principal  means  of  distinguishing  her  from  the  male. 

The  fur  of  the  .5,  4,  r»,  and  (J  year  old  males  is  the  best  for  market, 
and  in  killing  great  care  is  taken  to  select  the  seals  of  these  ages  and 
this  sex.  The  skin  of  the  5  and  6  year  old  commands  the  highest  price 
in  market.  This,  in  my  opinion,  is  due  more,  to  the  difference  in  the 
size  of  the  skin  than  in  the  (juality  of  the  f.cr,  as  the  fur  of  the  3  and 
4  year  old  males  is  e(pnilly  as  good  as  that  of  the  older  class.  The  qual- 
ity of  the  fur  and  the  size  of  the  skin,  however,  varies  in  the  ages  in 
the  same  proi)orti()n  as  the  quality  of  the  wool  and  the  size  of  the  i)elt 
of  a  flock  of  sheep.  The  fur  is  damaged  to  some  extent  by  the  animal 
crawling  and  rolling  over  the  rocks,  and  also  by  the  action  of  the 
weather.  It  is  always  desirable  to  obtain  the  catch  as  early  as  possi- 
ble alter  the  seals  haul  up,  say  in  June  and  July,  from  the  fact  that 
after  this  ])eriod  th'3  skin  becomes  stagey — that  is,  the  animal  com- 
mences to  shed  tlu;  old  hair,  and  the  new  hair  making  its  appearance 
midway  through  the  fur  deteriorates  the  (piality  and  throws  it  out  of 
the  category  of  prime  skins.  After  reaching  maturity  and  as  they 
advance  in  years  the  quality  of  the  fur  becomes  jmorer,  being  some- 
what long  and  coarse  ab«»ut  the  neck,  and  thin,  short,  and  irregular 
about  the  loins  and  small  of  the  back. 

The  following  table  will  show  the  weights  of  a  number  of  male  seals 
taken  in  the  month  of  July,  1873,  from  J  year  old  up  to  (i: 


Age. 


Weight. 


Pdundt. 

One  year 33  to  40 

Two  ydRrn  53  to  «« 

'l'lii«e  y<!urB 70  to  89 


Age. 


AVtMglit. 


■  rounds. 

Four  years 9ii  to  111 

Five  years ]  120  to  146 

Six  years 17,'ito2(K) 


68 


ALASKA    INDUftTRIKH. 


From  tlio,  ahovo  tabid  it  will  b«i  noon  tliat  tlu^  w('i(,'litH  witli  tlio  diC- 
fon'iit  afjos  vary  aw  in  tli«  jmikci  with  otiu'i'  aiiiinalN.  A  poor  .5  yiiar  old 
will  not  \v(>i};li  nincli  if  any  inont  than  a  L'  ycarold  in  ^ood  condition, 
nor  is  I  ho  ditlen'mo  in  their  size  very  )»er('ci)tildt', 

To  ascertain  the  ajje  of  ii  li  and  .'J  year  old  is  by  no  means  an  eaHy 
nnitter,  as  we  have  no  means  of  determining,  except  by  tlu^  si/e,  and 
tiiere,  is  very  little  ditlercnee  in  them  at  these  a^jcs.  A  keen  eye  only, 
with  Ion;;  practice,  can  overcome  this  iUllicnlty.  When  1  years  tdd  and 
upward  the  maiKt  on  the  back  of  the  neck  coinmenc«>s  to  ^now ,  until 
the  animal  is  '.)  or  10  years  old.  Alter  that  period  I  have  t'ouml  it 
utterly  imposnible  to  <letermine  their  iijie  with  any  de^Mce  of  accuracy. 

NIM1U;U   <)K   SEALS. 

In  regard  to  the  number  of  seals  that  annually  i're(|uent  this  island, 
1  would  state  that  a  survey  ol"  theditVerent  rookeries  was  madc!  in  IHl'.i 
by  Assistant  Treasury  A;;ent  H.  VV.  Klliott.  Allmvin;;  J  square  feet 
for  each  seal  ami  countini^  i>il  classes,  he  (>stiniatcs  tlu;  total  at  l<(0,li.'(). 
From  a  Hidjse(|uentsurv<!yof  therooker  es,  however,  it  was  loiind,  owing 
to  the  increase  ol  seals  this  year,  that  their  capacity  was  underrated, 
there  being  a  ditVerence  of  (>!>,r>.SU  scpiare  feet,  which  on  the  above  basis 
would  nnike  a  ditVerence  in  fav(U' of  the  rookeries  of  .51, '!iu  seals  and 
the  total  at  1!>.3,2I<>.  I'lven  this  latter  tlguie,  in  my  opinion,  is  i;onsid- 
erably  bel()w  the  real  number  that  ficipuMit  the  island.  It  is  utterly 
impossible  to  make  other  than  an  approximate  estimate  of  their  num- 
ber. It  would  \h'.  about  as  easy  to  calculate  the  luimber  of  bees  in  and 
around  a  hive.  This  survey  was  made  of  the  breeding  grounds  only, 
and  the  capaiMty  of  the  hauling  grounds  was  not  considered,  nor  was 
the  number  in  the  water.  It  has,  I  believe,  been  stated  that  tin',  seals 
never  leave  the  rookeries  until  the  fall.  This  is  not  the  case,  for  at 
least  one-fourth  of  their  number  is  constantly  in  the  water,  and  this, 
added  to  the  number  (»n  the  hauling  grounds,  would  a<ld  AO  per  cent  t^) 
the  nund>er  before  given,  making  a  grand  total  of  2<s!>,81.'»  of  all  classes. 

In  reports  submitted  to  tlu^  l)e]»artnicnt  a  few  years  ago  it  was  esti 
milted  that  the  niunbcr  of  seals  upon   this   island  was  one-half  the. 
number   on   St.  Paul.     This   is   incfurcct.     h'rom  the   best   sources   of 
information   and  from  ])ersonal  observations  I  am  of  o|)inion  that  to 
every  one  on  this  island  there  are  twenty  seals  on  St.  Paul. 

THE  MAN  NEW    Ol'   KII.LINa, 

as  practiced  by  the  natives,  is  very  simple.  About  2  or .'?  o'cl{»ck  in  the 
nu)rning  a  party  of  hunters,  armed  with  hardwood  ••lubs  from  4  to  5 
feet  long  and  '2  inches  in  diameter,  move  (juietly  itetween  the  breeding 
rookeries  and  the  background  where  tlu^  l.>aclielors  are  lying.  When 
they  have  advanced  far  «Miough  to  secure  th(^  desired  number,  a  halt  is 
nu.le  by  the  leader,  who  directs  the  drive  inland  a  short  distance, 
where  they  an*  separated  into  small  lots  of  lOD  and  L'OOeach  and  slowly 
driven  to  the  killing  ground  near  the  village,  at  the  rate  of  half  a  mile 
])er  hour.  Should  flie  weather  be  warm  and  the  grass  dry,  a  much 
greater  time  is  reciuired.  One  man  and  a  boy  an;  generally  appointed 
to  the  care  of  each  lot  when  on  a  drive. 

Before  killing,  they  are  allowed  to  rest  and  cool  for  an  hour  or  so,  after 
which  thirty  or  forty  are  selected  from  the  main  body,  driven  a  few 
rods,  and  s»nroi»;uled.  \'Awh  native,  with  a  few  well-directed  blows 
(sometimes  one  vill  sutlice)  over  the  head,  soon  dispatches  all  the  <lcsira- 
Ide  ones,  whiKs  those  that  are  rejected  are  allowed  t^i  return  to  the 
water.    Tlu.se  allowed  to  escape  are  generally  from  lo  to  !-'(» i»er  cent 


ALASKA    INDriSTKIKH. 


f)!) 


of  flic  entile  drive — skiiic  heiii;;  Ino  snnill  iiiid  <illier,s  too  olil  inid  \nvm'. 
'i'lie  killed  ar(>  tiieii  sl<iiiiied,  witii  tlie  liliilil)ei'  on  tlie  ])eir,  and  s|n'ea(l 
on  the  jjround  to  cool,  witii  tlie  llesjiy  siiie  down.  1  lie  entire  drive  is 
disposed  of  in  this  manner.  Alter  they  liave  ail  lieen  killed,  the  Idiili- 
Ihm- is  removed  tVoiii  tho  p(dt  and  the  skin  is  taken  to  llie  salt  house, 
each  man  Hkinnin^  and  eleaiiin;;'  alioiit  lil'ty  per  day. 

rpon  th(;  tollowint;'  morning;  tiiu  skins  are  eoiiiited  by  the  eiuci'.  the 
npi  i>t  (d'  Mi(i  eonipaiiy,  and  tli(^  (ioveninient  ollieer,  and  are  hiid  down 
in  keneiies  or  Itins,  with  alternate  layers  of  sail  tliirkly  ,' oread  over 
them,  and  arimllowed  to  remain  ii:  this  (condition  trom  six  to  ei;,'lit 
days.  Tliey  are  then  taken  up,  sprinkh'd  with  iVesli  salt,  and  Killed 
into  Imtidles  of  two  eaeh  and  secured  by  strong  cords,  in  tliis  contii 
tion  tliey  ar(>  siiipped  to  marlo't. 


I 


THE   DKI'AllTr"'/,   or   TIIK   SKALS. 

The  old  hulls  are  tlie  tlrst  to  leav»^  the  island  in  the  fall,  the  mijfra 
tion  southward  ronimeiieiii};  about  the  latter  part  ut  September  and 
the  'Tst  of  October.  i''roin  this  time  the  number  of  seals  gradually 
i'eereases  until  all  have  disappeared.  The  yoiiii;,'  pups  ainl  their 
moiiieis  are  tl!<,>  last  t<t  leav*^  (with  tlieex(!e|)tion  of  a  few  old  bulls  that 
remain  behind  to  |U'otect  the  females),  whidi  is  sometimes  as  late  as 
the  middle  of  December. 

TIIK    II(»MK   (»K   TIIK   HKALS. 

I  have  lienrd  it  iVeciuently  stated  tiiat  liie  inoveinents  of  the  seal  and 
its  haunts  after  leaviii<]f  the  island  are  mysteriniks;  and  many  theories 
are  ;;iven  tending;'  to  sliow  (hat  they  are  s(!atteied  over  the  vast  waters 
of  the  i'acilic  Ocean,  feeding  and  roamintj  at  will,  witlioiit  any  banded 
or^ani/ation. 

V\  Idle  1  was  stationed  at  Sitka  as  deputy  collector  of  customs,  and 
siibsei|Ueiilly  an  ollieer  of  a  vcs.h'I  plying  ahui^'  the  shores  ot'  IJiitish 
< 'oliiiiibia  and  Alaska,  I  had  many  o|)porlunities  of  aci|iiiriii;;'  from  the 
natives  and  by  personal  observation  many  facts  tending;  to  convincr  me 
that  the  favorite  haunts  of  this  animal  are  the  shoresof  Itritish  Colum- 
bia and  lower  Alaska.  As  they  feed  lipon  lisli,  and.  like  other  arimals, 
require  a  certain  amount  of  rest  and  slee|»,  tlie  numerous  I  ay.  and 
inlets  of  still  water  which  indent  those  shores  seem  to  in"  •!;  ciiliarly 
adajited  to  the  wants  of  those  animals  whoii  they  leuve  the  islands. 
As  tli(^  lish  upon  which  they  live  are  more  abundant  in  shallow  than 
in  deej)  water,  the  theory  that  they  seek  the  deep  waters  of  the  I'acilic 
would  seem  to  me  witlnuit  foundation.  Another  reason  why  they  pre- 
fer these  shallow  waters  is  that  they  are  less  liable  to  come  in  contact 
with  their  formidable  enemy,  the  "killer,"  a  name — and  it  would  seem 
an  approi»riate  one — jjiveii  to  it  by  seafaiiu},  iiicn.  These  animals  are  a 
species  of  whale  measurinj;:  from  .'!(►  to  10  feet  in  leniith.  They  have 
a  lonfj  fin  on  the  back,  and  when  swimmiii};  near  the  surface  tiiis  tin 
apjiears  well  out  of  watei'.  They  frei|iient  the  shores  of  the  IMihilof 
Islands  in  Octobei'  and  Noveml)er  and  destroy  a  ;ireat  niind)er  of  the 
seals.  Ill  support  of  this  assertion  I  would  state  that  in  tlu^  year  IStiS 
Mr.  I'i,  >fortoii,  wliih^  on  St.  I'aul  island,  observed  a  killer  chasiii};' seals, 
Hwimminji  with  such  force  that  lie  ran  affroiind  and  was  unable  to  {jet 
otr.  When  the  tide  went  out  Mr.  Norton  cut  it  open  and  Ibund  three 
seals  in  its  stomach. 

it  is  very  evident  that  many  .seals  fall  a  prey  to  voracious  animals; 
otiierwise  their  iiunease  would  be  greater,  in  my  opinion,  the  destruc- 
tion (d*  tiie  seal  in  the  water  is  eijuai  to  the  number  talveu  on  the  laud. 


60 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIF8. 


SEA  LIONS. 

There  in  i\  the  south  side  of  the  isliiiul  ;i  small  sea-lion  rook  cry, 
wliero  ♦It  c  animals  number  about  4,(»(»(),  The  greater  portion  of  them 
renin. i»  around  the  island  ;;11  winter,  or  until  the  ice  drives  them  away. 
A  ureat  many  are  taken  b,v  the  natives  dnrinf;  this  season  for  food,  tlie 
fiesli  bcinaf  of  a  niueli  liner  (juality  and  llavor  tlrin  that  of  the  fur  seal. 
'  'lie  skins  are  Jised  by  the  natives  in  the  construction  of  bidarkas  and 
bidarrahs  (native  boats). 

THE  NATIVFB. 

As  is  well  known,  the  natives  were  brought  by  the  R  ...sians  from  th'i 
Aleutian  Islands  and  were  upon  the  island  when  it  was  ceded  to  tlie 
Tnited  States.  They  are  of  a  dark  copper  color,  with  !  )ng,  lank,  and 
black  coarse  hair.  The  beard  is  very  defective  and  never  makes  any 
ai»pearance  until  the  man  is  well  .;dvanced  in  years,  an'  then  only  a 
few  straggling  hairs.  Their  medium  height  is  below  that  of  the 
Kuro])eai!,  with  a  few  rare  excepti<»ns.  They  are,  like  a'i  semicivili/ed 
races,  uncleanly  in  their  habits  and  persons,  and  dinlig  my  lirst  two 
years  upon  the  island  it  reciuired  a  constant  wat(  hing  and  teaching, 
bot)'.  by  precept  and  examjile,  to  make  them  understaiiu  that  cleanli- 
ness in  their  persons  and  dwellings  was  necessary  to  jireserve  their 
health  and  prevent  disease.  They  have  not  much  gratitude,  but  are 
kind  and  tractable  and  e-'tsily  managed.  They  an^  good  imtured  and 
choerfi'.!,  at  times  slightly  irascible,  but  are  never  ernel  or  overbearing, 
except  when  under  the  inllueiue  of  quas.  They  jiosscss  one  trait  t>f 
character,  J  think,  peculiar  to  themselves,  that  is,  tliey  ne\er  harbor 
r?'.''::;geful  feelings.  I  have  known  them  to  express  a  dislike  for  a  ],er- 
8011,  but  when  he  had  loft  the  island,  perhaps  nev(!r  to  leturn,  they 
remembered  only  the  Kindness  they  received  at  his  hands  and  never 
spoke  ill  of  him.  Tiiey  are  industrious,  but  not  avaiicions,  and  lilwaya 
appear  ready  and  willing  to  obey  the  summons  of  their  <Oiiei  or  the 
agents  of  the  company  or  the  Government. 

In  tiieir  expenditures  many  of  them  Svre  prodigal,  'i'his,  however, 
may  be  partly  attributed  to  the  voluntary  generosity  of  t'to  company 
in  providing  for  tiiem  comforts'ble  houses  rent  free,  furnishing  tiiesn 
wii"!;  ey-celleiit  goods  from  the  stort  at  reasoiiabh.  j'aes,  ))ayin,(4'  them 
good  wages  for  their  labor,  and  aupportin  their  widows  aiul  oiphans. 
Thi.^'  .,eemingindi(fereri(!e  in  makitigprovisinii  for  their  old  age  may  also 
be  attributed  to  their  knowledge  of  the  fii  t  that  in  the  fi'tt.ic  citMci- 
the  company  or  the  (rovernment  will  be  obliged  to  support  them.  Btill 
1  have  always  endeavored  to  make  them  umlerstand  tliat  they  must  not 
indulge  in  lavish  expenditures,  but  practice  ecoiioniy  in  the  event  of  a 
change  in  their  condition. 

They  are  all  members  of  the  (iireek  Church  and  appear  very  much 
attached  to  their  faith,  which  1  have  always  encouraged,  as  1  have  found 
that  their  church  exercises  a  strong  iulluence  over  tlie.n  for  go(»(I. 

Tae  worst  evil  they  are  addicted  to  is  quas  drinking.  This  is  a  kind 
of  beer  they  brew  from  Hour  and  sugar,  and  sometimes  from  a  snuill 
berry  that  grows  upon  the  island.  Tlieir  educational  juogress  has  not 
been  very  satisfactory,  from  the  fact  that  they  hav«^  an  antipathy  to  the 
English  tongue,  believing  that  if  their  children  grow  up  witii  a,  knowl- 
edge of  our  langimge  aiul  customs  it  will  alienate  them  from  tlie  faith 
of  their  ])arents,  and  they  cccordingly  eiu'ourage  the  absen(;e  of  their 
children  from  tlu'  school.  They  desire  tiiat  their  children  sliould  aciiuiro 
the  KuBsiau  language  tirst,  in  order  that  they  may  be  (suabled  to  read 


ALASKA   INDUST'lIES. 


fil 


I 


the  liturfjy  of  their  <;liui'ch.  For  this  ;»'u  i)08e  and  wlieii  they  have  had 
school  they  would  privately  teach  the  liiissiau  toujiiie,  the  children  all 
aaseinblinfj  at  a  particular  house  for  this  jjurjxise.  This  relijiious  preju- 
dice is  ditiicult  to  overcome,  but  tiieir  jirojjress  towanl  civilizat'  m,  con- 
sidering; their  ij^norance  and  abject  dependence  undei  the  Kussians,  is 
certainly  rcniai  kable. 

If  a  priest  were  statioiuMl  ni)on  each  island  who  would  instruct  them 
in  both  Ianj;uage.s  and  f>ive  them  to  understand  ihat  an  English  educa- 
tion would  in  nowis(i  conflict  with  their  religious  duties,  they  would,  in 
my  opinion,  encourage  their  children  to  attend  school  with  more  regu- 
larity. Their  progress  then  would  be  swift  and  sure,  as  they  are  natu- 
rally apt  scholars.  The  ])resence  of  a])riest  upon  the  islainl  would  also 
hiive  a  nioial  effect  upon  them  that  wouhl  be  invaluable,  and  J  would 
resnectfuiiy  recommend  to  the  i)e)>artment  that  some  i)rovision  be  unule 
'bi  one  on  each  island. 

The  condition  of  the  nafiviis  upon  this  island  at  the  present  time  is  in 
many  res])ects  ecpnil  to,  if  not  better  than,  many  of  (»ur  own  people  in 
the  agricultural  districts. 

The  Alaska  Commercial  Ctmipany  have  for  the  last  f»mr  year'.,  so  far 
;is  J  am  abl.i  toMulge,  fulfilled  every  re([uirement  of  their  lease,  nd  in 
jiiany  casus  have  exceeded  their  obligations  by  gratuitous  distributions 
to  the  natives  of  i)v.)visions,  clothing,  and  fuel. 

I  have  thi*  lionor  to  be,  very  re.pecLfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

Samukl  Falconkk', 

AtiniKtunt  Trvasury  Ayvnt, 

The  Skokktaby  ok  thk  Tkkasi'ry, 

WtiHhinijUm,  />.  (J. 


Assistant  A(jent  Falconer :  Shippuui  receipt,  tjuota  of  1S74. 

Assistant  Tueast'ry  Agent's  Office, 

iSV.  ih'ort/e  Island,  Jnlij  I  J,  1S71. 

This  is  to  certify  that  there  has  been  shipped  this  day,  on  board  the 
Alaska  <  'onunercial  (Jomi)any's  stei'inship  Alexander,  ■l,',\Si)  fur  seal  skins 
for  Unalaska,  to  be  rela  len  at  that  place  on  board  the  Alaska  Com 
mercial  Company's  bark  Cyane,  for  Sau  l''raucisco. 

SAMIEL    FAU'ONEK, 

Assistant  Treasury  Ayent, 


lS7r>. 

Hpveial  Ayent  Ilryant:  Annual  report  for  IS7~>. 

FaiRHAVEN,  (Moher  II,  187!). 
Sir:  I  h.ave  the  honor  fo  submit  the  Ibllowing  report  on  the  condition 
of  the  seals  .lUiI  genenil  affairs  of  the  seal  islands  since  my  last  report, 
dated  May  VI,  ISTo.  The  first  seals  were  seen  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
island  on  their  return,  April  "»,  and  the  usual  precautions  taken  to 
insure  their  not  being  disturbed.  They  came  with  their  usual  regularity 
and  order,  the  full-grown  males  landing  on  the  breeding  grounds  and 
the  joung  nuiles  p-u'sing  these  to  the  hauling  grounds.     Kmuigli  of 


62 


ALASKA    INDL'HTiniCS. 


the  latter  iiiid  airivi-d  lo  ((li.lic,  a  drive  iinil  kill  tor  fVcsli  food  for  the 
natives  for  the  iirht  \iun:  Muy  7,  and  only  one  more  dii\e  was  made  lor 
this  |)ur))ose  heloK*  the  \h\  of  .lime,  the  tinie  at  wliieh  ilie  Alaska  Com- 
mereial  (.'omjiany  e.oiiinieneed  takin{j  the  seals  for  their  skins,  after 
whi(;h  th(!  native«  KulisiKl,  on  the  eareasses  of  the  seals  killed  for  this 
purpose. 

There  was  on  hand  in  the,  Malt  houses  .Mine  1,  of  the  animals  killed  for 
food  for  initives  troni  'Inly  17,  IK71,  to  May  L*!l,  187"),  inelusive.  ."ijIMi.i 
prinu.'  skins,  to  he,  coniited  as  a  jiart  of  the  (piota  of  l<S7r». 

The,  Alaska  (Nmimeicial  Company  ((Miimeneed  taking  seals  lor  their 
skins, lune  1,  and  ronlnmerl  np  to, Inly  li2,  takinj;'  in  all  N  (.DU.'J  seals,  from 
which  .Sf,S(;(>  prime,  fkin^  were  salted.  These,  when  added  to  the  skins 
on  hand  ,Iiine  I,  as  slated  above,  made  a  total  of  >S!»,923. 

This  was  all  tlie  Alaska  Commenial  (Company  desired  to  take  for  the 
(pmta  of  1H7."»,  as  it  has  hicn  their  invariable  rule  to  shii)  a  little  short 
of  the  full  (|nola  and  nndw  np  the,  detieie)iey  from  the  skins  of  animals 
killed  for  nativ<'  \'><iii\  aiti  i  Iheconnt  at  the  islands  has  lieen  veritied  by 
the  ollicial  conntol  the  customs  oII'k  ers  in  ISan  Francisco. 

In'<»  seals  are  allowed  l<»  he  kilh-d  on  tlfe  island  exeejit  by  permission 
of  the  Tieasiiry  afjfent  in  charge,  and  nnder  the  direction  of  the  remilar 
chiefs.  When  seals  are  killed  tor  native  food,  care  is  taken,  as  far  as 
possible,  that  only  such  as  \\iivv  skinsof  jnime  value  are  killed.  These 
skins  are  all  taken  to  the  salt  houses  where  the  a}>ent  of  the  Alaska 
('onnnercial  <'ompany  examines  ami  accepts  all  that  areof  prime  value, 
and  they  aie  salted  ana  part  of  the  (juota  of  the  followinti' year.  Those 
rejected  are  lliiov\n  away  as  W(»rthles8,  This  waste?  is  usually  very 
small,  except  during:  the  tbne  from  vVufjiist  lo  to  October  lo,  when  the 
seals  are  sheddintr  their  overhair,  and  the  skins  are  <d'  no  value.  An 
account  is  kept  in  the  leccud  book  in  the  Treasury  ajicnfs  olllce  of  all 
seals  killed  and  tor  what  purpose,  and  of  all  skins  ami  what  disposition 
in  made  of  theui.  All  skins  accepted  at  the  .salt  houses  are  counted  in 
at  the  salting  and  aj,'ain  on  their  delivery  for  shiitment  by  the  Treasury 
ajient,aml  tluMe  is  always  a  sli>,'ht  ditfereiice,  but  the  iountinf;  on  their 
d«'livery  is  taken  as  the  otbcial  eoitnt.  as  that  is  direct,  wlide  the  count 
of  salting  extends  over  the  operations  of  the  whole  year.  Appended  is 
a  series  of  tables  showing  the  nundjer  of  seals  killed,  ]>rime  skins  salted, 
ami  those  staf^ey  or  of  no  vulue. 

The  information  oft  he  A  laska  ( '/omnx^rcial  <  Jompany's  leasing  the  ri^ht 
to  taki'  seal  was  lirst  made  luiown  at  the  island  October  !•,  1S70,  too  late, 
for  scaling  that  year,  and  the  skins  of  seals  taken  lor  native  food  from 
,luly  HI  to  J)ecember  .'«»  were  shipped  May  11),  1871,  auiountin}^  in  all 
to  3,718. 

/■///•  mull  Ulliil  nil  SI.  I'oitl  ImIiiiiiI  ilinimi  llie  ijiUr  /,s'7l.' 


Killnl. 


IN-iiitt'Htviii.^        SKiim 
Hillti'il.  ihinin){('cl. 


Mh,v  into  XH,  liM  luilh"  l",»l I  4S2                 41«  I  14 

Jiii'iimiikI  tliilv  li\   .Miiakii  riiiiiiMi  II  liil('i'iii|i/iiiv,  lor  llirlr.skiiiH.  45.  IIOH  4'1,ii7ll  M> 

AiiKiiHl  II  lo'Si-iiri-irilMi   III,  li.i  iiirnii'  food....! l.:H(t  I                I'SJ  ,  4«7 

Oi'tolii  rV  tiilll.  Ii>  AliiakHr'oliiliii  riiul  l'oin|iiiiiv.  till  tlii'ir  KkiliB  2'.l.  Tllli  i  'Jll.  Mil  Id!) 

(^lolatull , 

Niivi'iiiIxT  7  to  111  riMiil»  !■  IW,  for  iiiiOv^  IiiihI 


Tii,  riio 

l,a7l) 


7"!.  M.-i  981 

l.ll.V.'  24 


Total. 


7«,in7 


I.IIIIK 


iDiiriii;;  111.-  wiiiiii  of  Ik7I  Ti,  H    V    lliunitzk.v  «iim  in  i 'mri;''  "f  tlio  inlHini,  mul  tlm  'miiil»r  of 
yoUDK  hi'IiIh  uii^  mil  it'ioi'h-,t 


•Siiil  hUhi  "liijiiird  J'iiv  IIic  i/iar  1S71. 


I'cr  <X'rlillcal<'  iliili'il  Aiittoul  II 


4I,UH0 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 

/■'«)■  ««(/«  kilkd  vn  <S(.  I'aul  lalaml  ilurimj  tliv  ■■naiiuii  t>/  JS7,J. 

Killed. 


63 


May  11  to  III,  loi-  iialivn  Inod j 

.Iiiiii'  I  Id.Tiil.V'll,  liv  .\la.sku<'iiiiiiii(Ti'iiil(,'oiii|mii.vtV.f  thfilr  HkiiiR.j 
Aii;riinl  1  lu  j)i't'i'iiil>ui'U,  I'ur  nativu  I'liud 


Viiiiim  sciiIh  Uillcd  fur  wiiitor  liiiiil . 
TdIiiI 


!^.    'H-""- 


«87  687    

on,  87U  I  60,  .578  j  200 

(1,023  I  4,  (i7«  !  ],;t4,'-. 


7«,  4!I2 
.'•>,  121 


74,041 


81,013 


71,041 


1,551 


1,551 


Seal  skitiK  Khipped  in  1S72. 

M.iyli,  "f  thciiiiitiiiif  1871 33,806 

Au'kuhI  2,  (if  thr  i|iii)tH<if  1H72 21,000 

SciitoiiilHr  ii,  of  I  lie  i|  iiiita  of  1872 4!i,  551 

Toliil 104,357 


I 


/•'/(»•  mah  killed  uti  >St.  I'aul  Inliind  duriiitj  the  season  of  1S73. 


iMiiv  -3,  for  imtivo  food 

Jmii'  I  li)  .loly  21.  liy  AluNka  CoiiinuTfial  ('(iinpiiiiy. 
AiiniiHt  4  to  liuci'iiilier  30.  for  iialivr  firod 


I'lipn  fur  H  iiilcr  food. 
Total 


KlUrd.  ^^l^A.         "'■.io«««<l' 


207  284  13 

74,307  I  73.884  513 

1,7»3  '  014  87il 


70,  487 
5,  48il 


81,070 


75,  o,<: 


75, 082 


1.405 


1,405 


Seal  nkins  shipped  in  ]S7:1. 


,1  line  2,  of  tlio.inotaof  1872 3,9(16 

.Itilv  M.  of  tlir(inotii..f  1873     32,070 


AoKllal  8.  of  till'  i|ilot:i  (if  \x''\. 
Ao;;'i!<l  0.  of  the  <|iiola  of  l.-'73. 


,  100 

37,  804 


I'olal 


,880 


I'ur  kihIx  killed  on  St.  I'aul  Island  for  llie  near  1S7 1 

Killiid. 


From  Ajiril  27  to  May  30,  for  iinlivo  food 

liy  tho  .Maska  CoiiimeiTial  Company  froui  .luiio  2  to  .July  17. 

(}iiola  full 

St'als  killi'd  for  nat  ivo  1'oimI  from  J  iily  -*  t"  December  31 


I'liliH  Killc'il  for  w  inter  fo(Kl 
Total 


^i::   j"^i-'<-"- 


1,270 
87.  023 

1.270 
87, 802 

0 
121 

89.  202 
3, 585 

89.  072 
2.  950 

130 
020 

02, 787 
4.897  . 

92.031 

756 

Seal  Hkiim  shipped  in  1^74.' 
May  14.  of  Honls  killcil  for  looil  fr<nn  .Inly  23  to  Docinhir.'il,  1873  . 


.lulv  10,  1873. 
Anuimf  7.  1873. 

Total  .... 


018 
40.  IMIO 
49, 238 

00,150 


'Tbi.s  your  tlu'  ilullciency  iu  tlio  <iiiota  liy  tho  coiintof  <  iistouis  oHlecrH  Ih  not  reported  forcorreetioii. 


64 


ALASKA    INDUS'iRIES. 


Fur  Ncals  killed  on  St,  I'anl  Inland  for 

the  year  1S7!>. 

Kille<l. 

Skins 
Hnld^d. 

1,840  1 
84, 80(1 

IJejonU'd. 

Skins  iif  HoaU  killed  fornntivo  fooil  from  July  17  to  Demiibcr 

1,850 

84,  »;);i 

10 

73 

OiiutiL  full  

86, 7811 

89,  023 

83 

Seal  skinn  Mppid  in  1S7'i. 

Mnv  28,  (if  Hkina  left  awx  from  1874 3,856 

.1  iilv  H,  ( iitcli  cif  1875 :i»,  036 

AujiilHt  7,  iiitili  ol   1875 4(1,074 

Tiilal 80,808 

It  will  l»(^  seen  l»y  reference  to  the  Ibrcjioing  (ubles  tliiit  tliere  have 
been  killed  iiniiiiiilly  on  St.  I'anl  Island  7t,{){)[)  seal  imps,  or  yoniifj  seals 
4  inoiitliH  old,  noininall;>  lor  winter  food.  I  can  find  no  precedent  for 
this  previous  to  the  transfer  of  the  islands  to  the  I'liited  States,  only 
that  to  the  natives  the  former  Kns.sian  Fur  Comjiany  allowed,  as  an 
extra  indulfience  afti-r  tlie  close  of  the  season's  sealiii}?,  the  priviIe{,'eof 
taking  ."ittO  of  tlie.se  yoniifj  seals  for  feasting.  This,  under  the  clause  in 
the  act  providing  for  the  lease  that  allows  the  killing  of  young  seals 
for  winter  food,  has  been  construed  to  mean  these  young  pups  instead 
of  half-grown  seals  taken  for  food  at  other  times.  The  skins  of  these 
l)ups  are  of  no  value  as  a  part  of  the  quota,  aud  thesis  .seals  yield  only 
8  pounds  each  of  eatable  flesh,  ai'd  are  nearly  jill  iininediately  eaten  ii[) 
as  a  luxury,  and  the  same  numlier  of  half-grown  seals  retpiired  for 
salt  ing  for  winter  use  ms  b.^'ore.  it  seems  a  great  waste.  I  have  there- 
lore  limited  the  number  to  be  taken  on  St.  Paul  Island  to  3,000,  pro- 
viding, however,  that  as  a  substitute  there  shall  be  killed  a  sutlicient 
number  of  larger  seals  whose  sUins  may  be  salted  as  a  part  of  the  annual 
quota.  In  inyo|)inio.i,  this  ought  not  to  be  allowed,  or,  if  so,  the  number 
limite'i  to  r>00  on  St,  Paul  and  250  on  St.  George. 

The  rule  governing  the  taking  of  these  seals  for  their  skins  is  to  take 
only  such  surplus  males  as  arc  not  required  for  breeding  purposes, 
reserving  all  the  females  to  be  added  yearly  to  increase  the  original 
stock.  These  animals  being  ])oIygamous  in  their  labits,  one  male  being 
considered  equivalent  to  ten  or  more  females  for  breeding  purposes, 
the  sexes  being  produced  in  cipud  proportions,  always  leaves  a  sur])lu8 
of  males  to  be  taken  without  loss  or  decrease  in  the  yearly  product. 
What  the  number  of  this  surjilus  was  could  only  be  (leterinined  by  a 
carelul  ob.scrvation  of  their  habits  and  necessities  covering  live  or  six 
years  of  the  time  it  takes  for  the  animal  to  mature.  At  time  of  writing 
my  detailed  report  on  the  habits  of  the.se  animals,  dated  November  .50, 
l.S<i!>,  it  was  stated  to  be  100,000.  This  nund)er  was  based  on  the  best 
information  obtainable  at  that  time  from  the  natives  of  the  island  and  the 
few  employ«'es  ol  the  former  liu.ssian  Fur  Company  remaining  in  the  ter- 
ritory. Since  then  a  residence  of  sevei  successive  seasons  on  the 
island  in  charge  of  these  animals  has  furnished  me  with  the  desired 
opportunity  for  determining  this  .surplus  product  by  attnal  study  of 
their  habits  and  re<iuiiemeiits,  and  the  result  is  the  killing  of  100,000 
per  annum  <Ioes  not  leave  a  suflicient  number  of  males  to  mature  for 
the  wants  of  the  increa.se  in  number  of  females.  And  as  it  is  desirable 
to  state  some  of  the  methods  by  which  these  coiudusiona  have  been 
reacihed  by  me,  a  brief  restatement  of  the  habits  of  these  aninnils  and 
the  elVect  of  the  killing  of  100,000  per  year  for  the  pa.st  live  years  seems 
necessary. 


AI.AfSKA    INDCSTKIES. 


(i5 


lU 


83 


Tlio  HCius  lotiirii  tt)  the  islands  in  si)iinf>'  in  the  >sanio  order  nnd  at 
nearly  the  same  date  in  point  of  time,  the  males  always  arrivin}>-  liist; 
those  l'ull<fro\vn,  or  7  or  more  years  old,  land  on  the  breedinin  grounds 
and  occupy  them  to  the  entire  exclusion  of  all  tlu^  younger  ones,  who 
are  obliged  to  seek  restiii};'  places  elsewhere.  They  select  for  their 
hreediuff  j^rounds  the  rocky  slopes  of  the  proje(!tin}j  points  and  head- 
lands, each  occupyinj;'  as  much  s])ace  as  he  can  defend  from  intrusion 
for  the  use  of  his  anticipated  family.  These,  for  sake  of  distinction,  are 
called  ''  beach  masters."  When  these  grounds  are  fully  occupied  the 
remainder  of  full-grown  males  fight  their  way  to  the  rear  of  these 
breeding  places,  and  lie  in  wait  for  opportunities  to  rush  down  and 
forcibly  occui)y  any  vacancies  that  occur  among  the  beach  masters. 
These  are  called  "reserves."  When  I  lirst  examined  these  grounds  in 
istiO  none  of  these  breeding  grounds  occajjied  continuous  shore  lines 
of  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  mile  without  spaces  between,  where  the 
younger  seals  i)ass  to  the  uplands  and  lie  down  in  groups  by  t  liemselves; 
but  in  1S71  and  ISTii  the  increase  in  the  number  of  lenmlcs  so  crowded 
thefamilies  that  these  spaces  were  entirely  tilled  by  the  bleeding  seals, 
and  the  seals  less  than  0  or  7  years  of  age  were  compelled  to  tind  rest 
iiig  i)laces  on  the  beaches  at  the  head  of  the  bays  and  coves  fornK^d  by 
these  projecting  points  and  headlands.  This  removed  them  farther 
from  the  breeding  i)laces,  and  racilitated  their  being  driven  with  less 
chance  of  disturbing  the  l)r('e(ling  seals  than  befrue,  when  the  separate 
groups  had  to  be  gathered  it.  the  rear  of  the  breeding  seals  and  herded 
for  driving. 

Tht>  (irst  females  arrive  ibont  the  middle  of  June,  two  months  later 
than  the  males,  who  have  U  that  lime  all  arrived  and  lo(;atcd  in  their 
jdaces.  The  females  do  not  laud  until  forced  to  do  so  to  giv(^  birth 
to  their  young,  which  gciicr.dly  occurs  within  two  days.  pro(lucing  <me 
at  a  birth  each.  Immediately  after  landing,  the  female  is  appropriated 
by  the  nearest  inah'  and  for(  ib!y  added  to  his  family,  where  she  is  Jeal- 
ously guarded  until  she  has  borne  her  young  and  been  covered  for  the 
ensuing  year,  which  0(;(!uis  usnally  in  tliree  or  four  days  after  the  birth. 
Then  she  is  allowed  to  go  at  will.  <ind  speiids  the  greater  portion  of  her 
time  in  the  water,  returning  to  nurse  her  young  when  '-ecessary,  the 
young  seal  being  cared  for  by  the  male.  The  females  .ill  arrive,  have 
their  young,  and  are  covered  by  the  end  of  July.  So'in  after  this  the 
males  leav(i  the  breeding  grounds  and  do  not  return  to  .  hem  again.  The 
young  seal  re(iuiies  to  be  Jo  to  40  days  old  belbre  goi  ig  into  the  water 
to  learn  to  swim,  and  to  be  1  months  old  to  ac(piire  sHUicient  age  and 
strength  to  follow  the  mother  at  sea.  Hence  it  is  ,ery  important  that 
there  sliould  always  be  a  suilicient  sto<!k  of  brer.iing  males  to  insure 
the  impregnation  of  all  the  females  during  their  lirst  heat  in  July,  for 
the  period  of  gestation  being  one  year,  if  they  uiiss  the  lirst  heat  and 
return  in  August  or  September  they  have  their  -oung  in  the  next  year 
too  late  in  the  season  to  give  it  time  to  get  strei  gth  foi-  living  at  sea. 

The  young  male  seals  return  to  the  islands  tf  e  tirst  year  at  the  same 
lime  of  the  females,  in  .Inly,  and  for  every  addi'ional  year  of  age  ten  or 
tifteen  days  earlier.  s(»  that  when  they  attain  to  puberty,  at  the  age  of  4 
years  their  time  (»f  arrival  is  the  same  as  the  old  seals — that  is,  from  the 
Ist  of  April  to  the  middle  of  June.  These,  on  their  arrival,  not  being 
|)ermitted  to  land  on  the  breeding  places.  Join  the  younger  seals  on  the 
beaches,  where  they  lie  quietly  until  the  time  of  the  female  being  in 
heat,  when  they  h'ave  the  beaches  and  play  along  the  shores  of  the 
breeding  places  constituting  an  auxiliary  force  in  covering  the  females, 
many  of  whom  escape  from  the  shore  to  be  met  by  these  males  who 
11.  Doc.  it'J r, 


Ii(i 


ALASKA    LNDL'JilKIKS. 


(!0|nil;it«Mvitli  tlu'iii  ill  tliewatei.  These  bciicho.s.  occupied  by  tlio  inter- 
iiUMliiitc  ii^ea  IVoiii  1  la  (»  years  did,  toj^ether  with  tlic  lew  siipeniuim- 
iitcd  ones  whoso  iijjfe  uiitits  them  to  cope  witli  tlie  beacii  masters,  are 
called,  to  diatiiijiuish  them  from  the  breediiiff  i)hices,  the  haiiliii}? 
};roiuids.  It  is  Irom  tliis  class,  on  these  hanlin^r  grounds,  that  the  seals 
are  taken  I'or  their  skins.  These  seals  as  they  lie  on  the  beaches  are 
surprised  by  the  hunters,  cut  otVl'roui  the  water,  and  driven  inland  in 
droves  to  th(^  saU  houses,  when-  they  are  separated  into  groups  of  sixty 
01'  seventy  at  a  time,  and  f-urrounth  .1  by  tlie  sealers  with  their  clubs. 
I  uder  the  direction  of  t)iechief  the  ]:rimo seals  are  sele*!ted  and  killed 
and  those  too  young  or  too  old  arc  allowed  to  go  into  the  water  and 
return  to  the  ha'ilii.g  grounds  again. 

These  hauling  groinnls  aie  swept  and  driven  two  or  tiiree  times  a 
week  during  the  months  of  June  and  -luly  and  the  prime  seals  tiulled 
out  tbr  killing,  and  every  sea'  growing  up  has  to  run  this  gauntlet  for 
his  life  his  second,  third,  and  fourth  years  before  lie  escaj)ea  to  grow  up 
as  a  breeding  bull,  'rlius  it  will  be  seen  the  method  of  kdling  does 
not  admit  of  the  setting  apart  of  a  special  number  and  taking  the 
lemainder  for  tlie  (juota  for  market,  and  the  only  possible  way  to  pre- 
Ker\t'  the  re(|uisite  number  for  breediiigpuri)oses  is  to  restrict  the  num- 
ber to  be  killed  so  far  within  the  ])roduct  as  to  insure  enough  escaping 
for  this  object.  When  the  lease  was  jtiit  in  i)ractical  operation  in  1871 
there  m  as  a  very  large  excess  of  breeding  males  on  hand.  8im;e  then 
this  surplus  has  been  diminished  by  the  dying  out  of  the  old  seals  faster 
than  there  has  been  younger  seals  allowed  to  escape  and  grow  up  to  till 
their  i)Iaces,  until  the  i>resent  stock  is  insullicieut  to  meet  the  necessi- 
ties of  the  increasing  iiund)er  of  breeding  lenudes. 

The  beach  masters  leave  the  island  in  August  and  September,  and 
the  females  with  their  young  from  October  to  .January,  and  do  not 
return  until  the  following  .Inly.  Of  their  life  while  absent  from  the 
island  we  have  no  delinite  knowledge.  They  are  frecpiently  reported 
as  being  seen  by  coasting  vessels  on  the  coast  of  British  (lohnnbia  and 
eastern  Alaska  during  tlie  months  of  December,  .January,  February, 
and  ]\lart^li,  and  a  few  skins  are  taken  by  the  Irdians  of  that  coast,  but 
lire  not  known  to  land  and  haid  n\)  on  the  shores  anywhere.  The  most 
probable  conje(;tiire  is  that  they  remain  near  shoals  and  banks  where 
tish  and  Ibod  abound  during  the  winter  months  and  gather  the  neces- 
sary stores  of  fat  and  blubber  to  su.stain  them  through  the  summer. 
From  the  birth  to  the  time  of  tlie  seals  lesiving  the  Islands  at  -1  months 
old  the  loss  by  dyath'  is  comparatively  small,  but  during  the  tinu^  they 
are  absent  from  the  island,  from  December  to  .July,  it  is  very  large,  only 
about  U)  ))er  cent  returning  at  1  year  old,  and  this  loss  is  still  consider- 
able the  secoml  year;  after  this  they  appear  to  be  able  to  protect  them- 
selves, or  rather  avoid  their  enemies.  VViiat  are  their  eneinies  is 
not  fully  known.  In  the  month  of  September,  about  the  time  the  young 
seals  begin  to  go  into  the  water,  a  species  of  small  whale,  called  the 
"killer,"  make  their  appearance  in  the  vicinity  of  the  island  in  .schools 
of  from  live  to  ten,  and  are  seen  near  the  shores  ajtparently  chasing  the 
seals,  who  manifest  great  fear  of  them.  Three  instances  haveoccurred 
where  these  killers  have  got  in  shoal  water  and  have  been  taken  and 
young  seals  (bund  in  their  stomachs.  These  whales  undoubtedly  follow 
the  .seals  to  their  feeding  grounds  and  prey  iipcm  the  young  during  the 
winter.  These  large  and  v<u'acious  animals  are  sullicient  to  destroy 
the  young  seals  in  great  iiundiers,  and  their  i)resence  fully  accounts 
for  this  immeiise  los.s. 

One  other  cause  should  lie  stated  that  has  directly  contributed  to 
diminish  the  present  stock  of  breeding  males.     During  the  .season  of 


ALASKA    INDUbTBlKS, 


(iT 


I.S(i.s,  hcfoni  ilio  eii.-Mstinont  of  tlie  prohibitory  law,  tlic  scvonil  piirties 
sealiiif{-  there  tooiv  240,000  seals,  mostly  of  the  imKlucts  of  tlie  years 
18(i(i  and  isti7.  Tliese  would  liave  matured  and  been  added  to  tiie  stock 
of  breedinff  males  in  the  years  1.S72  and  1873  aud  to  this  a  i)art  of  the 
|)rosi)ective  deliciency  is  to  i)e  attributed. 

It  became  my  duly,  as  a  special  ayeut  of  the  Treasury  Department,  to 
reside  on  St.  Paul  island  during  the  season  of  ISOO  for  the  i)uri)ose  of 
studying  the  habits  of  tiie  fur  seals  with  a  view  to  deternuning  tlie 
practi(!abilily  of  i)reserviiig  and  deriving  a  revenue  from  the  animals. 
At  that  time  no  opportunity  was  alVorded  of  visiting  the,  island  of  St. 
(Jeorge  to  compare  tiu!  ninnber  of  seals  breeding  there  with  those  on 
St.  Paul  Island,  but  from  the  best  infornuition  obtainable  it  was  believed 
to  be  e(|uivalent  to  one  third  of  tlie  latter  islaiul,  and  the  proi»ortion  of 
the  (piota  of  that  island  was  lixed  at  2."),000.  In  the  year  iST.i  it  was 
fouiui  that  the  proportion  was  too  large,  and  for  reasons  set  forth  in 
my  rei)ort  of  September  .'50  of  tiiat  year  tlienumbei'of  seals  to  be  taken 
from  St.  (leorge  was  lixed  at  10,0(K»,  and  1.j,000  added  to  the  (piota  of 
St.  Paul,  i'roni  the  report  of  Assistant  Treasury  Agent  Sanuiel  Kal- 
eoner,  now  in  charge  of  tluit  island  (a  copy  of  which  is  herewith  trans- 
mitted), It  will  be  seen  that  siiu:e  that  date  the  breeding  seals  liave  so 
increased  as  lo  warrant  an  increase  in  the  quota  of  that  island  of  o,000, 
nuiking  it  lo,((0(». 

Constant  and  careful  attention  has  been  given  to  the  conditions  and 
changes  in  the  dilfereut  classes  of  seals  and  the  data  kept  for  compari- 
son from  year  to  year,  and  the  result,  as  summed  up  the  present  year,  in 
com]»arison  with  J 870,  shows  the  present  stock  of  breeding  females  has 
steadily  increased  in  a  ratio  of  .'»  or  (>  per  cent  per  annum  added  to  tlie 
original  stock,  while  tlie  stock  of  breeding  l)ulls  has  decreased  by  loss 
from  age  and  other  causes  so  much  faster  than  there  has  been  young 
seals  grown  up  to  replace  them  that  iis  i)resent  condition  is  only  equal 
to  tiie  ])resent  demand,  and  the  stock  of  half  bulls,  or  those  to  mature 
in  tiie  next  two  years,  is  not  sulticient  to  meet  the  wants  of  the  increase 
in  the  faiiiiiy.  Under  these  circumstances  I  feel  it  my  duty  to  recom- 
mend tliat  for  tlie  next  two  years  the  number  of  seals  to  be  taken  for 
their  skins  i)e  limited  to  8r>,000  per  annum,  to  be  apportioned  between 
the  two  islands  as  follows:  From  St.  Paul,  70,000,  and  from  St.  (!eorge, 
10,000. 

The  civil  all'airs  of  the  natives  have  been  conducted  by  themselves 
tiirougli  tiieir  chiefs  of  their  own  selection,  iiud  with  two  exceptions 
good  order  and  (piiet  have  been  maintained.  Ooe  of  these  occasions  was 
whihi  the  cliief  was  making  his  rounds  at  2  o'clock  in  the  morning  to 
wake  and  send  a  party  of  men  to  drive  seals,  he  came  upon  a  party  of 
four  young  men  who  had  during  the  night  been  drinking  (paas,  or  native 
beer,  and  got  into  a  drunken  quarrel.  While  he  was  attempting  to  quiet 
them  one  of  tliem  struck  him,  inllicting  a  severe  wound  over  the  left  eye. 
At  this  otliers  interfered  and  separated  the  combatants,  and  while  the; 
chief  went  to  the  surgeon  lo  have  his  wound  dressed  the  jiarty  dispersed 
to  their  homes.  The  next  day  an  investigation  of  the  matter  was  had 
at  my  ollice,  and  the  man  was  clearly  proven  in  the  wrong.  The  three 
chiefs,  who  exercist;  both  the  judicial  and  executive  functions,  decided 
to  i)unish  the  olVender  by  creating  a  lower  class  in  the  division  of  the 
seal  fund  lor  tlie  purpose  of  punisjiing  misdemeanors  of  this  kind,  and 
placing  hill!  in  it,  wliicli  would  be  ecpiivalent  to  a  line  of  ."?80.  This 
condition  was  accepted  by  the  olfender  and  finally  executed  in  the 
regular  order  of  settlement  of  the  fund  derived  from  the  killing  of 
seals  aud  other  labors  done  by  the  people  as  a  community. 


6« 


ALASKA    INDISTRIES. 


The  otliiT  case  was  oiu-  where  uuo  of  the  diiefs  and  a  \rMty  oT  natives 
had  math-  a  lot  of  quas,  and.  tlirouj^h  fear  of  deteetioii.  drank  it  in  tiiu 
niglit  and  came  on  the  (iehls  next  morning  under  its  influence.  They 
were  very  careless  about  skinning  and  when  the  skins  came  to  be 
salted  it  was  found  a  much  larger  nninber  were  damaj^ed  by  cuttin;;' 
than  usual.  It  was  necessary  to  call  them  iij)  and  give  them  a  severer 
reprimand,  nn  which  they  jn'omised  to  do  better,  and  the  elVect  lasted 
until  after  the  sealing  was  over. 

Twelve  additional  houses  had  been  built  this  year  up  to  the  time  of 
my  leaving  the  ishnid,  and  six  more  were  in  process  of  erection.  These 
would  be  ready  for  occupation  l>y  October  I.  This  makes,  in  all,  ('4 
cottages  built  by  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company  for  the  use  of  the 
luitives.  These  have  been  built  with  special  reference  to  the  Avants  of 
the  people,  and  they  are  allowed  to  live  in  them  free  of  rent.  This 
gives  each  family  a  separate  residence  with  ample  accommodation,  so 
that  where  live  years  since  the  pooulation  were  crowded  into  mud  huts, 
half  underground,  sut!eriug  from  scrofula  and  other  diseases  incidental 
to  living  without  cleanliness  or  ventilation,  there  now  is  a  village  of  70 
houses  with  well-graded  streets,  and  the  advantages  derived  by  the 
l)eople  from  their  improved  condition  are  already  apparent  in  the  better 
health  of  the  conununity. 

The  (|uantityof  lish  and  coal  provided  for  in  the  lease  for  gratuitous 
distribution  has  been  landed  on  the  island,  and  will,  in  due  time,  be 
delivered  to  the  custody  of  the  Treasury  ollicer  in  charge;  and  beside 
this  a  large  supply  of  the  latter  for  sale  for  the  use  of  the  natives. 
The  supplies  of  dry  goods  and  provisions  have  been  of  good  quality  and 
ami>le  in  quantity,  and  .sold  at  rates  not  exceeding  L'."»  per  cent  on  the 
cost  prices.  The  widows  and  ori)hau  children  have  been  fed  and 
clothed  at  the  exjjense  of  the  company,  .and  all  the  <'onditious  of  the 
lease  have  been  fulfilled  in  a  broad  and  liberal  manner. 

The  yearly  account  of  the  natives  w  :  made  up  for  settlement,  and 
the  annual  division  -hily  lit  is  as  followh: 

1,9*1  Hi'iil  thnmts.iitciiK'-tiiird  ccsnt +ti.  1.1 

(i(i  sc;i  liciii  throats,  lit  1')  cents !t.  IK) 

517  sen  lion  skins,  iit  (id  cents L'2H.  20 

."):{  soil  lion  small  intestines,  at  20  cents 10.  tiO 

too  sea  lion  liii-jje  intestines,  lit  1(1  cents W.  1)0 

iHIS  cnt  seal  skins,  at  20  cents ISl.  tiO 

74,7'Jl  cut  seal  skins,  at  10  cents 29, 91t).  10 

Total ;!().  ;i7 1. 03 

This  was  divided  among  six  classes,  the  w  hole  containing  TS  shares: 

I''  !■  cliiirc. 

First  class,  .%,  .nt  100 :<<i:i2.  07 

Second  cliies,  21,  at  !i() USS.SS 

Thiirt  class,  13,  at  80 315.  (il 

Fourth  class,  3,  iit  70 302.  !,-> 

Filth  class,  1,  at  fiO 2,')!).  21 

Sixth  class.  1,  at  .50 216. 03 

At  the  end  of  the  .sealing  .sea.son  on  (^t.  I'liiil  the  parly  from  St- 
George  returned  to  that  island,  having  the  credit  for  taking  l."»,Ot»() 
seals  on  St.  Paul  transferred  to  their  island. 

On  the  return  of  Bainuel  Falconer,  assista))t  Treasury  agent,  from 
his  leave  of  absence  in  I\Fay  last,  he  was  again  placed  in  charge  of  Ht. 
(ieorge  Island,  and  William  .1.  Mclntyre  remained  as  his  a.ssistant. 
Oil  the  return  of  the  steamer  for  the  last  time,  August  1,  to  this 
island  Assistant  Agent  William  J.  Ardtifyre  was  ordered  to  St.  Paul 
Island  to  act  as  an  assistant  to  Cicorge  .Marston,  assistant  agent  in 


ALASKA     INI»I  (S/I(Ii;X. 


C,f) 


(•liiii'j;eot' tlint  isliiiiW.  1  liis  louioval  waKH'tnl^H'tt  (*»•#>«■>«);,  on  (wcoiinl 
(if  till',  stron;;-  Iceliiifi'  oC  dissatisriictioii  n)  i|j4i  itMt^iU'.  nH',*\tiM.  his  (Will- 
iam .1.  .Mel II tyre's)  Ibriiicr  adiiiiiiiatratlDii  at  ilj;*t  \»Ut'4-,  l\u-y  »ll  aHkiii^- 
either  to  liave  him  leinoved  or  to  be  pfjujitu-ii  l/*  tt^uovf.  theinselves, 
as  they  eoulil  not,  live  witli  him  on  the  ishnii]  -.iunthtrt  winter.  I  was 
not  altle  to  visit  that  island  until  my  letiim  du  t$if  w^ny  down,  when 
tiie  steamer  st(»i)))cd  tiien^  Cor  six  hours,  and  i  n\'4t\tt(\  my^cW  of  it  to 
iiKliiire  into  the  truth  of  the  eomi)hiiiit.s  by  th*'  \r*tty  fit  sealers  who 
eanio  over  here  to  seal  in  May  last,  as  Ktat4il  iu  »«>  rVjfOrt  of  May  1.'8. 
These  charges  were  fully  sustained  by  the  elji>i'f  .uttX  \tt»,y]c  remaiiiiii{j 
oil  the  island,  tlio  chief  K>vin^  me  a  writU^ij  t^iAtt'utPUti  in  the  l.'iissiaii 
language  of  the  whole  affair,  with  the  deisir<'  Ut  Uavf.  tl  transmitted  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.     (This  lett«)- 1«>  iitfUf^t^i  herewith.) 

The  chief  also  informed  me  that  the  copies  of  tUtt  r*'j{nJations  of  the 
company  governing'  their  emi>loyees  in  their  wimioun^  with  the  natives, 
together  with  their  letters  of  instructions  tiom  «o'«*'t  thitt.  I  had  caused 
to  be  translated  into  Hussiaii  and  tiled  with  IIk'Im  Utt  fW^rrr  nse,  that  Mr. 
]\lclntyre  took  from  them  on  his  assumiiij^  rlmi t(*^  «4  ihc  island,  he  liad 
returned  again  on  Mr.  Falconer's  resuming  i-U'M%f,  Thwe  were  also 
many  individual  complaints  made  of  meddleisiyMM!:  Utit^if^fuca  by  Mr. 
Melnlyre  in  their  i)rivate  alfairs,  ami  of  fj«><jM"«Uy  fJi.^trirhing  their 
families  by  forcing  their  doora  and  rushing  into  tUt'it  htmAf,^.  witli  pistols 
at  unseasonable  hours  of  the  night,  searching  uutU'r  U»t'ir  fw-ds  for  beer, 
and  frightening  their  wives  and  children,  and  tt*i»tiu^  them  generally 
with  a  harshness  they  never  experienced  fj<>m  thtt  Htti^itntA,  From  my 
long  experience  of  the  natural  timidity  and  d<xril«  *Amii(^cc.  of  these  peo- 
])le  under  all  reastmable  circumstances.  I  am  Iwl  to  l>*;(»eve.  there  must 
have  been  very  strong  provocation  on  his  part  t<>ha4'ftw>»^Je  them  prefer 
removing  fiom  the  island  to  remaining  on  it  w(i|«  Uim  another  winter. 

I'nder  these  circumstances  I  could  not  \i.i\ e  I'/mtuUiire  in  his  ability 
or  fitness  to  have  charge  of  either  island,  and  t(<**»(i'f*)Tr«  ordered  Iiim  to 
St.  Paul  Island,  and  assigned  him  for  duty  a«  a.**j*ta»»f  U>  Col.  tteorge 
Marston,  assistant  Treasury  agent  in  «;liaige  of  titaf  ii^lAnd, 

I  herewith  append  the  letter  of  the  chief  HU«i  ttt^t\t\f  h^  Ht.  (ieorge 
Island,  and  beg  leave  to  reeommend  that  it  Ix'  n4*:rrcA  for  translation 
to  Stephen  N.  Buyiiitzky,  esq.,  a  clerk  of  tij<'  l>«ir(j»?iirtnf(ent,  who  was 
detailed  to  assist  me  as  interpreter  in  1870.  a»<l  m tiio  trhilf:  so  emi)loyed 
resided  four  months  on  St.  (leorge  Island  asoltJwr  in  charge,  and  wlio  is 
personally  acquainted  with  the  people  signing  U<*f  Mdw, 


ITraiiHlulioii. 

Si  .  <irAtiif,i-  Ut.*-<Hf.  June  /",  /,■?;.'. 
Hon.  Captain  liiiVANr; 

We,  residents  of  the  Island  of  St.  (Jeoreo,  notily  you  ni  4¥\'it  I'ATnplnint  and  liojt 
tbat  you  will  snbinit  our  hinnldo  ])otiti<iri  to  voni- I''i»-*v>''ii«..  firf  ivf  l>r\  agKrK'vpd 
Hince'tho  fail  of  November  L".',  Is71,  and  nani«dy  on  jM'vyfciS  f^t  fhc  lV)l|owinj{  tacts: 
While  Olio  of  our  jieoidc,  A'lcuto  Cipiian  MrrUnlii'N,  w)ii*;tiit.*»tii(l  f>r\  a  hnnfitij;  expe- 
dition in  tlio  west  end  Cai)tain  Melntyie  tuolv  hin  mm  t<>  tUf^^it^A  ;ind  whiit  iiiiu  in. 
Toward  dunk  tlio  Iioy  cseaped  from  the  school  ami  vtui  UtHt»*<  ^/■^t  pn<i  lo  join  liia 
lather,  in  tiie  niorninu-  of  tlio  next  day  ('a|itaiu  McJut-yi'if  »*-w((  n  n  itive  after  him. 
with  orders  that  Ciprian  Merkuiiev,  with  Ms  won.  ►houW  r^Vvtn  ttn  that  very  da',. 
Cipriau  Merkuiiev  canK*  Itaek  with  his  son  on  th  it  v-ry  <!lii,»  Mtt'^  frffmaht  some  wood 
for  his  own  use;  then  Cajitain  Mcliitx  re  uraliljcd  him  th»u  imhititt  and  tore  his  over- 
coat, and  afti!r  that  Captain  Meliityro  said  to  ('ipiijiu  MiWlkiiiifii<»v.  ••  Wait,  for  me,  I 
am  {joinft  to  kill  yon,"  and  ran  after  his  i  isloi:  \U»u  *:ifft'iM\h  M'^riviliev  ran  away 
and  concealed  liiumell'  under  ii  overhanninK  rock.  ljavj«i;<w,i  wiify  ;>  shirt  and  a  pair 
of  drawers  and  without  hoots.  lie  remained  tijere  tytoui;^t*»t,A  fwo  daysaiid  was 
found  on  the  third  day  half  ilejul,  and  was  leil  ha<  k  WtWAVr  t^vr,  :ti«>ti.  Ciiptain 
Mclntyre  let  him  stay  at  home  several  days  iind  im  s<*ojj  v*  tt*-  iv m*  fif ttinii  liclter  let! 
him  to  his  ^^iclntyrc'H)  lioiiae.  and  after  puttiut;  luMUiiAif*  'iit  'ipriio  MerKnliev's 


70 


ALASKA    IM>|sri{||.>. 


1 


IiiiihIn  I  Miiliiii'il  Ititii  ill  tlie  ri'lliir  .iml  l<  I  llic  Uoy  nn  liitt'.  Alli-r  tliiil  ('ii|itiiiii  Mrlii- 
tj'i't^  kr|>t>  ('i|iritiii  McrkiilirN  Heviiiil  iluyx  in  tlin  cnllnr  .inii  rni:ill>  ii'li'itMnl  him. 
Siii('(>  tliiil  tliiio  <'a|itiiiii  MiIiitviT  Kiivn  iix  no  ]wiirn;  Im  iiici'^minll.v  viHited  niir 
liiiiiHeH  and  I'orcod  our  doorH,  and  cvcii  Wf'iit  n«  fVir  iiii  to  iinncnt  oiir  woiUiiin  lor 
tlit>  I'oiiiiiany,  wliiili  |)iiid  im  lor  our  work,  Kinii-  tticii  \\<-  livcil  willi  iiim  tliniiiKJi 
till-  wliolo  winter  in  diiiiy  cxiiectiitiDM  of  lii-ini/  "liof  l>y  liini.  and  wc  do  not  \\aiit  to 
live  ;in.v  loiifrcr  witli  hini  on  tlir  JHland. 

NUANllIC    VlK<>N|,u\, 

AvimoMK  \'\r./.\ST/.<>\ . 

(  riiPli  follow  tlio  nann'N  of  JtJ  AJHiitcN,  :il)iXR<i  !>>  lli<'iri"«dvcti  or  on  tlndr  n'(|iic!<t  liy 
tlioHo  of  tlifir  fellow- villajrcru  wlio  knew  liow  lo  writf.  . 

<'()!.  (ii-oiRi'  ^larstoii.  till'  hist  app(»iiit«-(l  asMistaiif  Troasiny  iiyciit, 
iirrivcd  iuid  lepoitod  tor  duty  at  Ht,  I'aiil  l>laiid  .hiiic  L'7,  and  alter  a 
nioiith  orcan-t'ii!  insti  iictioii  in  tlic  Kiiciinl  diitic.x  ot'liis  poHitioii,  on  my 
(h'partnro,  August  U!,  lie  was  |tla«'td  in  cUam*-  '■  ">t.  island  during  my 
al)sen*-c  on  leave,  witii  the  tollowint;  inKliiutionH: 

I'ltiiAsi  uv  AiiiiNj  III  I  n  y,  M.  I',M  I,  Ihi.anm,  AikihhI  '.,  /,<?;.?. 

Slit:  Von  jire  lierfd)y  )daced  in  rliiirKe  of  SI.  I';im1  Inland  diirinu  my  alisenoo  on 
leiive  liy  tlio  Secretary  of  the  I'reiiHiiry.  Il  will  he  your  duty  lo  wee  that  the  lawn  of 
the  I'nited  StateH  eoiicerniiiK  the  taking  of  fur  H^alit  under  tlio  eontrmt  willi  the 
Aliiska  Commercial  Company  are  olisrrved  ;  that  the  nati\eH  are  |)rote('teil  in  all 
their  rijjhtN,  ami  in  ;;eneral  it  will  lie  your  duty  lo  |iei  lorni  all  thi»Me  arts  whieh  Hhall 
he  for  the  welfaro  of  the  I'nited  StateH,  and  the  <  (Hiifort.  iniiirovenieut,  and  woll- 
lieiiin  of  the  natives  of  the  islanil. 

Vonr  station  is  jirovided  with  u  book  for  ke<'pinj{  a  record  of  .'ill  transaitioim  and 
ocnurreIK'e^  that  may  be  useful  in  liiriiinhin;;  iiiformalion  foi  unidanrc  in  the  future 
Hovernmenl   of  the  alVairs  cd'the  island. 

Voii  will  see  that  no  seals  are  driven  or  killed  ixcejit  under  Ihe  direction  id' tho 
chiefs  with  your  ]ieriuission,  anil  in  killiiiff  for  food  for  natives  \ou  will  see  that  an 
near  as  may  he  only  such  seals  are  killed  as  w  tiomi  Hkins  may  l>e  of  the  elas-'  to  In; 
accc])ted  by  the  Alaska  Commereial  Comitany  .'is  a  iiait  of  the  qucda  (d'  next  year, 
and  in  killinn  youiin  seals  for  winter  food  you  will  limit  the  number  to  be  taUon  to 
II, (XM)  instead  of  .'), (MM),  as  was  done  hint  year.  N'ori  will.  liowe\cr.  havct  a  siillicicnt 
number  of  lai;;er  seals  killed  when  the  weaih(;r  is  siiniiiently  cold  I'U-  their  curium 
properly  with  salt  to  insure  ii  w  inli'rsu|i)dy  ol  food  in  ciiie  the  weather  should  provi^ 
too  warm  diiriiiK  'be  winter  for  the  iihuuI  Huppl>  to  be  kept  fro/en. 

V(ui  will  permit  no  per.son  not  a  native  of  the  seal  islands  to  reside  on  the  island, 
other  than  the  emidnyoes  of  the  (ioverumeni  or  of  the  Alaska  Commercial  ('(uupany, 
with  a  written  permission  of  the  Kccretary  of  the  'I'reasury.  You  are  furlhei 
instructed  that  if  any  cases  come  williin  your  kiiowled^'c  of  the  nalives  brcwinir 
i|ii;iB  or  beer  from  snj^ar,  or  you  have  reason  u>  belie\e  siirh  natives  are  indiiljiinjj  in 
such  jiractii'cs  you  will  bo  careful  losei-  ihal  it  is  broken  up  and  that  sup]dicsof  suKar 
and  other  artii'les  from  which-such  (|uas  or  beer  Is  made  are  sidd  lo  theiu  in  such 
limiled  ((uantities  as  to  prevent  a  repetition  ol  such  [piactici's. 

liy  ])i'rini8sion  of  the  S(^cretary  ol  the  'i'reasury,  a  |>riest  of  the  IJussian  orthodox 
church  is  permitted  to  reside  on  Ihe  island  to  niini><ler  to  flu'  spiritual  wants  of  the 
]ieonle,  with  the  understanding,  however,  that  in  all  civil  matters  he  will  be  subject 
to  the  law-  of  the  I'nited  Stiites  and  Ihe  ref^iilntioiis  (d  the  Sncret.ary  of  the  Treas- 
ury made  in  iiursuaiiee  thereof. 

As  soon  after  the  leaving;  of  the  steamer  ns  eonveni«nt  for  yonrself  and  the  ajjont 
of  the  Alaska  Commercial  ('om|iany,  yon  will  receive  10  tons  of  coal  iii  lieu  of  the 

J)ro]iortion  for  this  island  of  the  I'lO  cords  of  wood  provided  as  a  condition  of  the 
ease.  You  will,  on  retteiviiiK  this  co.il,  uive  to  the  a^ent  id'  the  Alaska  Commercial 
Company  a  receipt  therefor,  iind  have  this  coal  stored  until,  in  your .jud(;mciit  ;ind 
the  chiefs  of  the  people,  its  use  becomes  necessary,  when  you  will  cause  it  to  be  dis- 
tributed to  the  people  on  the  same  iirinciple  .-md  method  as  described  on  page  2-\  (d' 
the  hook  of  records  for  the  jslaiid  under  date  December  1 1,  1H74. 

I'llAril.F.s    llRVAXT, 
TrrtiHiirjl  Aiirvl,  in  ('hnrni  "/  •*>'<'«?  hldliih. 
(ilCOROK  Maii.ston,  Esq., 

Axuiatani  Treamirfi  Ajieiit,  iii  (.'haiijr  'if  SI.  I'niil  Inlnnd, 

I  have  the  honor  to  remain,  y«mrs  leHpeetfiilly, 

THARI-KS    HnVANT, 

TriuHiirii  Af/inl.  in  (Jhiirfic  of  Sriil  Islniiils, 
Ilnn.  11.  II.  T'.insTow. 

Srmfiirji  <>>'  llir  Tii  nsiirif. 


AI  ASKA    INDJflTIMKH. 


71 


/ill  hiHiiii  iiitli  lliiinnl'f  unniiut  ripiiil  fnv  IST'i  :  irimrl  uf  .liiiixliiiil  -I'/'"'  I'ltlromr, 

AHSIHTANT  TUEAST'ltY    AcJKNT's  OI'FKJE, 

iS7.  (iiorf/r  lnU(U(t,  Auijiisl  /,  IHi'i, 

Sll! :   I  liiivc  tlic  lioiior  to  report  IlieiiniviiloC  tlu!  AliiMkii  <'<»iiiin('iriiil 

('oiii|»:iii,v".s  .sU'jiiiuM  Ahdtmdiint  thi'  i.'^liiiid  lor  lici'  liixt  time  tliis  .season. 

On  liri'  wiiy  down  to  (Jniilaskii,  tluly  10,  tlicre  wa.s  sliippcd  on  board 

(>,.'{.").S  seal  skins,  and  today  .'{,<i<ili  as  per  ct'itilicatcs  iicrewitii  inclosed, 

making'  in  all  III.IKMI  tor  this  year. 

On  tln^  1st  of  .lime  last  the  company  coinuienced  drivinn  s»'als.  and 
linished  on  the  ITlli  of  last  month. 

I'rom  the  varions  observations  taken  of  the  seal  rocdceries  this  .son- 
son,  I  lind  tlnil  the  lonr  on  tho  north  side  of  the  island  compare  fiivor- 
ably  with  that  of  former  years,  while  the  one  at  /a|>adnie,  on  the  south 
side,  has  increased  at  least  one-tldrd  over  tliat  of  any  year  since  my 
arrival  at  the  island,  IH7(». 

'I'he  yonn^'  ones,  from  I  year  old  n])  to  1,  have  also  inereased  over  one;- 
half.  Should  this  iudd  out,  I  am  of  opinion  that  .^>,(MHl  additional  (utuld 
be  taken  without  detriment  to  tlie  mokerios,  Asre;;ards  the  old  btdl«, 
there  seems  to  be  a  .sli;;ht  fallinfj  olf  whi<h  can  bo  accounted  In  in  a 
nu'asure  owinj^  to  the  yearly  increase  of  female  seals. 

I  would  here  remark,  for  some  reason  or  other,  which  would  seem  nn 
accountable,  the  seals  were  about  two  weeks  later  arrivinj;  this  year. 

I  have  nothing'  further  of  interest  to  communicato  except  the  com- 
pany is  buildini;  a  very  line  church  for  the  natives,  and  I  think  the 
majority  of  native  houses,  if  not  all,  will  be  built  this  season. 
I  am,  respectfully, 

Samikt.  Kalconkk, 

AssiHtuiit  Treusioi/  At/eiit. 
Cap!..  (!has.  MmA.NT. 

Af/r)i)  ill  Cluirf/i'  of  Srul  IsIiukIs. 


>rliiiliili  III  Kill  I H  killid  1)11  ''I.  (iiorijv  Jxliiiiil. 

'I'liiM  Rihndiilo  rniiiprisps  tlio  niniilx'r  uf  seals  killed  mi  lliis  iNhiinl   liv  Hh'  Alnskii 
C'oiiitnnri'iiil  (.'mnpuiiy  iiiiil  n.itivcs  from  1S7{)  to  is"."),  liotli  iin'liLsi\c : 


Year. 

Killr.l 

liy  coin- 
pnii.v. 

Killcil 

llV  lillV- 

ei'iii t 

nei^nt. 

l.DOli 

■(i|in  lor 
1 1. 

l.JIIU 
2.090 
2. 100 
2,  l«l 
2,  440 

fill. 

K.jiT 

K'll 

A 

■(.pi..,!. 

7, 2.'>ll 
19.077 
2.'i.  (100 
2:1,  (1(1(1 
10.  0(111 
1(1,0011 

T..|i(l. 

1H70  . 

7,  •.•.in 

II.  oriO 

1871  . 

111,  027 

117 
104 
1811 
78 
0:1 

'04' 

27 
:il 

21,  107 

1H72 

'a  004 

1 
1 

27.  164 

lH7:t 

25, 072 

27.20:1 

1H74 

10. 027 

10,01)1 

12,47:1 

ll*7.'i 

10, 0:11 

Tnlal  for  0  v<'iirs 

lOH,  O.'m 

Pups  for  native  iimj  iiic  not  vet  tiikeii:  tlierel'orc  tliev  eiiii  in  '    lie  iiieliiilcd  in  IliU 
li.st  of  IMT:".. 
ArorNT  1,  IS'5. 

Sa.mcki.  l',\i.((iNi:it. 

.Ixttiiilaiil  J'riiiniirii  Aiiviil. 


71' 


ALASKA    INIMSIIUKS. 


Sjiiiiiil  .iiiiiil  Iti'jiiml ;   fill  Iniiiiiiirii  II  imtl  lor  l'<!'i, 

'I'lM'.AsrUV    AdRNT's   OlI'M'l',. 

SI.  I'inil  IhIiiiiiI,  Mmj  I:',  /s; /;. 

Uii::  I  liiivt'  llif  liomir  lo  inroim  you  of  llii^  aniviil  iit  tliis  jsljiiiil  on 
tlif  loth  nlliiiioot' tlic  AlasUa  roiiiiiKMcial  (Joinpaiiy  ."tciiiiu-r  Ali niiiiln; 
twM'iity  two  (lays  (Voiii  San  Krancisco,  laden  witli  snpplics  lin'  iliescal 
islanilH;  also  Idinfiingas  passenger  Samuel  l'ale(»ner,  assistant  Treasury 
ancnt.  returned  tioiu  leave  of  abseiu'C,  wlio  reports  here  for  assiy;niiient 
tor  duty.  I  have  i'eeeiv<>d  no  eoniniiinieation  IVoin  the  Department  by 
mail,  but  loarn  Iroui  Mr.  Falconer  that  Assistant  Am'.\\\  I'raneis  Lessen 
luui  been  relieved  and  anotluM-  ap])ointed  in  his  place,  ;ind  tioin  his 
nonarrival  must  (umelnde  he  was  detained  on  the  load  :ind  tailed  to 
connect  with  the  steamer,  ami  may  be  e\|»eeted  to  arrive  iiere  late  in 
iluiie.  Assistant  A^ent  Samuel  Falconer  will  beatiain  placed  in  chart,'e 
ol'St.  (ieorfje  Islaiul.and  no  chanyeaiuade  until  tlie  arrival  of  the  newly 
appointed  a(i;ent. 

i  have  reeeivec!  the  letter  ^jrantinp  leave  of  al)senee  to  take  o41'e(!t  at 
the  close  of  the  seasuii,  <»f  which  1  shall  avail  myself,  and  would  most 
respectfully  mpu'st  that  tiu*  collector  of  customs  at  San  Francisco  l)e 
HUthori/cd  to  pay  on  my  vouchers  my  salary  from  Ajuil  II  to  Aut;ust.'tl, 
inclusive.  This  advaiuie  is  necessary  to  enable  nn-  to  settle  my  bill  in 
Han  Francisco  and  nu'cl  the  expense  of  takini;  my  taunly  east. 

]  have  had  no  commuiucation  with  tlie  islaml  of  St.  (ieor^e  since 
Aufjust  last,  as  the  steamei' did  not  touch  there  on  her  way  here,  ami 
as  she  will  jjo  to  UnalasUa  from  there  on  her  way  down  belbie  she 
returns  here  I  am  compelle<l  to  dcday  any  icport  on  that  island  until  1 
receive  the  rejtort  ot  Assistant  A^ent  William  .1.  .Mdntyre.  now  in 
char{,'e. 

As  there  will  be  no  opportunity  lor  the  Deitartmeut  to  afjain  commu- 
nicate with  these  islands  before  my  retain  to  W^ashin^Aton,  when  1  shall 
tile  a  detailed  rejioi  t  » ovc'rinji'  my  six  years'  administration,  I  now  only 
subnut  a  brief  stalenu'ni  of  the  oi'currenccs  since  my  last  report,  dated 
Au;;ust  7,  ISTI.  At  that  date  the  Alaska  ('<unmercial  Company  had 
liidshed  taking  seals  lor  their  skins,  tlu^  number  then  taken  itein;;  sulli- 
cient,  when  added  to  the  skins  of  animals  killed  for  tood  alter  thedose 
of  the  last  season,  to  till  theciuota  l(»r  ls7l.  There  were  taken  for  food 
after  the  close  of  the  sealinj,'  season,  from  .Inly  ;»  to  l)e(;ember  .'30,  ',i/iH~> 
fur  seals.  Of  these  skins  (»'-'(»  were  of  no  value,  from  the  aninuds  shed 
din^i  their  fur;  the  remainder.  L',!i.")!»,  weie  accepted  and  salted  by  the 
Alaska  Commercuil  Company,  to  be  counted  as  a  part  of  the  <pu)ta  for 
the  year  liST."*. 

Tlie  ])ast  winter  has  been  (Uio  ot  unprecedented  mildness,  the  mean 
temperature  of  the  nu)nths  of  Novend)er,  December,  .lauuaiy,  and  I'eb- 
ruary  all  beini^  above  the  free/infj  point,  while  the  lowest  dc;;ree  of 
«'old  occurred  in  March,  the  theruumieter  falliu};  to  I  I  de;;rees  above 
zero.  Owiufi  to  the  mild  wcathei',  the  seals  delayed  their  departure  from 
the  island  uuuh  lati'i'  than  usiuil — considerable  bodi*  s  of  I  hem  remaiu- 
inj;  until  February,  and  a  few  still  lingered  until  March.  The  lirst  seals 
returning;'  the  present  season  lamled  theTtth  of  Ajtril.and  they  are  now 
present  in  about  the  same  cunditiuns  as  last  year  at  this  date. 


AI,\8KA    IMil  SIIMKS 


7.1 


A  cfiisiis  lakfii  on  .liiiiiiiiry  I  shows  tlif  wliolc  niiiiiln'i  ol  nativi*  pop 
iiliitioii  on  the  isliuxl  to  bu  'SJ'J,  tliviiU'd  as  ImIIowh: 


Miil»H      l-Vimili'K, 


Wliiilc  iiiiiMlicr. 


WA 


I'lillilri'ii  iihiliT 'i  yi'iiTH 

Ht'twfi-ii  Ti  1(11(1  l.'i' 

Ilii'ilm  (III I  Ink  iIic  vi-iir 

Iiiriiiil'  li'HH  iliKii  I  yi'ur  ulil  llviiiuJiiiiiiiiry  I.  IMTft. 
Kent  lis  (liiilii);  Old  voitr 


nil 


■ 

IT 

IT 

•29 

9 

;i 

;i 

Tlu'sc  )H'opl(!  arc  iliviih'd  iiitofil  families  living;  in  ."jS  houses.  H  ol' 
them  built  of  wooil  ami  all  abtive  ground,  ami  I  I  iiie  turf  liiits  built 
partially  in  the  ;;Tonml.  'i'liu  past  year  21  eottai^es  have  been  built  ami 
tlio  eliunli  lulvaneed  as  tar  as  tlie  material  on  the  island  iiermitted. 
This  is  the  lirstyear  -linee  1  have  had  chai^sc  of  the  island  in  which  the 
births  have  (ixeceded  llu!  deaths,  and  there  is  a  inaiked  iniprovcmeut 
in  tho  health  of  the  population,  ]iartlydue  to  the  mild  wcatlicr, butuiore 
to  the  advanta{jes  of  improved  houses  and  the  fa«'ilities  thus  furnished 
for  cleanliness,  ventilation,  and  other  comforts.  The  supplies  have  been 
aliiindant  and  the  prices  reasonable,  excejit  the  article  of  coal.  Had 
(he  winter  proved  .severe  there  would  have  been  .some  siilferiu^.  W  ith 
the  new  hou.ses  this  be(M»mes  one  of  the  fjjreatest  necessities,  and  arranye- 
ments  are  now  made  to  secure  the  landiii;;  of  an  ample  supply  lor  th(> 
present  year.  The  4(Mous  jirovided  for  distribution  }j;ratis  by  the  lease 
was  stored  until  -lanuary,  when  it  was  distributed  proportionally  lo 
each  family  weekly,  and  the  sup|tly  lasteil  until  the  end  of  March. 

The  s(diool  was  commenced  in  the  lirst  week  of  October  and  kept 
continuously,  except  ])ublic  and  church  holidays.  The  lirst  month  a 
very  ociieral  attendaiuu' was  secured,  but  with  the  commencement  of 
the  church  holidays  the  attendance  fell  olf,  and  it  was  dillicult,  without 
actual  compulsion,  to  secure  so  ^reat  an  attendance  as  was  desirable. 
Mrs.  C.  P.  I'ish  labored  dilijicnlly  and  perseveiin;;ly  to  accomplish  her 
task,  and  a  few  who  hav(^  become  attached  to  her  have  mad'  ^ood 
|»roj;ress  in  readiii};,  writing,  and  simpler  arithmetic.  The  stroii  ,  juej- 
udice  that  exists  anioiij;  some  of  the  more  bifjoted  iijjainst  their  chil- 
dren learniufj  Kn<ilisli,  lest  it  should  weaken  their  attachment  to  the 
b'ussian  Church,  prevents  a  cordial  action  on  the  \y,ut  of  many. 

In  rciianl  to  tlie  suppression  of  the  niakiii};  of  iieer,  or  qiias,  from  fer- 
mentinj;  sugar  and  Hour  together,  some  progress  lias  been  made,  and 
there  has  been  less  drunkenness  than  in  any  former  year. 

During  the  month  of  Seiitember  berries  were  very  jilentiful.  With 
their  juice  fermented  with  sugar  the  evil  bec.nne  so  serious  that  Ifoiind 
it  necessary  to  restrict  the  sale  of  sugar  to  1  ounces  per  week  for  each 
person,  and  this  sudiced  to  check  the  evil.  This  regulation  was  main- 
tained until  the  berrying  season  had  passed,  when,  on  the  ))romise  of 
better  behavior,  the  former  ration  was  restored  of  one  half  pound 
weekly  to  each  person.  l*>ut  with  this  allowance  some  save  theirs  until 
siillicieni  is  acenmulated  with  which  to  brew  a  ipiantity  of  (|uas.  and 
then  the  consequence  is  they  drink  it  secretly  until  drunk  and  make  a 
disturbance,  when  1  (ind  and  destroy  it. 

The  civil  government  of  the  natives  has  been  administered  by  their 
own  chiefs,  or  tyones,  as  they  are  called.  There  are  three  of  these  who 
exercise  both  the  judicial  and  executive  functions,  and  I  have  always 
made  it  a  point  not  to  interpose  my  authority  in  their  private  alfairs 


74 


AI,.\SKA    IN'lH-s'l'Ryrs. 


iiiiloss  iiccossiuy,  iiixl  l;,ivr  only  iia'l  twoi'iist's  wlicrc  iiih'rft'nMicf  was 
iiecessiiry  to  sfislaiii  tin-  niitljoiity  of  (lie  cliiet's.  iiond  oidci'  ami  qiiiot 
liave  Imh'ii  inaiiitaiiu'd,  iiiul  all  iiusdciiicanors  known  liavo  hccn  pun- 
islit'd.     No  serious  acts,  and  only  a  tVw  cases  of  jictty  tlicrt  occnirod. 

On  tlic.  iimrnin);-  of  Auf;nst  LM'  a.  scliooncf  was  it']>oit<'d  approacliinf;- 
tlu^  island  tVoin  castwaid,  Siip.iosinjj  it  to  i)o  a  vessel  lielonffjnj;'  to  the 
Alaska  ('«>inniei'cial  rouijiaiiy  i;  llan^  was  set  to  indicate  the  ])ointof 
landinf"'.  but  \.  hen  ni-ar  the  soiitiieast  point  of  the  island  she.  kept  away 
and  rail  down  toward  Otter  Island,  about  S  miles  <listiint.  and  lowered 
a  boat  that  pidled  to  the  landiu};'.  Lest  tin;  seals  should  be  disturbed, 
1  took  one  of  the  chiefs  am!  a  boat  and  started  for  the,  island.  Before 
reachiri;:' it  the  vessel  took  up  her  boat  and  stood  to  w<^stward.  On 
landing;'  I  found  no  appearance  of  the  seals  beinj,' disr-iriied.  The  vessel 
stdl  .steeiinj;'  to  westward  at  .!  o'clock.  1  returned  to  the  villaj-e  of  St. 
I'a'il.  As  soon  as  I  had  returnod  the  vessel  clian^fed  her  course  and 
nia(]ij  for  Otter  Islaud  ajrain,  and  at  dark  was  near  its  east  ])oint.  Men 
were  staliom'd  on  the  idokeries  to  I'revent  any  disturbance  there.  At 
daylijiht  the  schooner  i)assed  near  the  reef  and  alou}.'  the  southwest 
shore  In-adinj;-  to  north  and  passed  out  of  si^jht  behind  the  island.  A 
niessen;;er  sent  to  ob.serve  her  movements  returned  at  n<»on  reporting- 
the  ves.sel  }j:oiii<,' around  the  island  to  nortluast.  The  vftss  1  aftei  loiind 
injfthe  no'-'heast  i)oint  steered  to  eastward,  passiu};  out  of  sit,dit. 

Oil  the  eveniiiji' of  the  LflHli  of  August  some  natives  who  Inid  been 
out  lishiii;;  c'lnie  in  at  dark  and  reported  a  scjiooncr  at  anchor  Ixdiind 
Otter  island,  and  that  boats  were  niovin;,'  aoout  and  thai  they  heard 
reports  of  fjMiis  and  saw  smoke  as  if  rhey  were  shootiui;'  seals.  Iverek 
liootrin,  (he  'irst  chief,  volnnteejed  to  take  a  boat  and  p>  and  see  about 
ill'' tnitlio!'!!'  ^vport.  Mr,  Benjamin  (J.. Mclntyreaccompanied  him. and 
•Void  tlu'iii  1  {J.  iiercd  the  follow injn  stati'inent:  The  boat  arrived  at  tin; 
island  half-pa,' t  1 1.  and  on  erossing-  to  the  other  side  saw  the  schooner 
at  is.chor  uii<iei  a  hij{'h  bi.dV.  e(/ni])h!tely  concealiiif^  her  from  view  from 
St.  I  iiul  Island.  I::  the  morniiiff  as  soon  as  it  was  suni(!iently  lifjlit 
they  launched  their  boat,  ami  pulliu};'  an/.iiid  the  island  came  on  the 
schooner  by  surjjrise.  iSetbre  she  could  {^et  underway  they  were  on 
buard.  It  ])roveil  to  be  the  schooner  ('//.'/'"''i '•*  '"^""t"  Barbara,  Cal., 
Keiiiberly  ::!'ister.  lie  was  evidently  much  disturbed  bybeiiiff  boarded 
yit  uuexpccledly.  The  cai>tain  said  he  w  as  huiitinj;'  for  .sea  otters,  ami 
had  taken  l*l(»  pelts  near  the  island  of  Saranak.  There  were  the  car 
casses  of  two  fur  seals  haiifiin<;'  in  the  r'  ,\u>i  and  the  jtelts  lyin;;  on 
de(;k.  Ca])taiii  Kemberly  said  he  had  captured  thiMu  in  the  skater  for 
fresh  food  for  some  Kolos'.i  Indians  in  his  crew. 

The  boats  Avere  stained  with  blood,  as  if  recently  ii,sed.  (Japtain 
Kemberly  explained  that  they  di<l  not  usually  clean  tiu'ir  boats  until 
the  end  of  the  .season,  lu  tlie  meantime  the  vessel  ha*l  j;ol  nmler 
way  iind  the  boatsmen  informed  that  they  must  leave  or  ^j's  to  sea 
witli  tlieir.  Captain  KemlH-rly  staled  that  the  vessel  li,i(i  been  at 
anchor  thirty  si.v  hours  when  boardc<l  by  the  boat.  No  <lonbt  could  be 
entertained  that  they  were  tnkinj^'  seals  by  shootiiij;-  them  in  the  water. 
The  boat  landed  and  e.\aiiiii>ed  the  shore  by  dayli,'j;ht,  and  found  no 
seals  had  been  killed  there.     They  then  retiirne<l  to  St.  I'anl  villaj;e. 

Sea  Othv  Island  is  ,(  small,  rocky  island  about  8  miles  distant  from 
St.  Paul.  It  is  one-half  mile  lonji' and  half  that  in  breadth:  itsends 
and  farther  side  are  perpendicular  clitl's,  against  whiidi  the  sea  breaks 
and  affords  no  lootliold  for  landinfj,  Its  other  side  face  St.  !'anl  and 
slo])es  from  the  center  }>eiit!y  to  the  .shores.  Here  is  <he  onl\  boat 
landing',  and  any  object  the  size  of  a  .seal  can  be  seen  from  the  hill  in  the 


A 


AI-ASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


7'. 


rear  oftlip  villaj;t'.  Should  this  iittcinpt  Itc  rcjunitiMl.  it  will  lip  mros 
Hiiry  to  put  a  i>iirty  on  it  to  prcA'oiit  its  injury  l>y  ('.isturbiiifj  the,  seals. 
Ah  it  is  only  a  rock,  witii(»nt  any  reliable!  sui)ply  of  t'resli  water,  it  will  he 
necessary  to  haven  Iar{i;oboat  for  tlio  purpose  olcarryinj^snpiilies  there. 
This  island  has  no  breedin^r  rookery  on  it,  bit  in  the  months  of  August 
and  8e])teinber  /),(•((()  or  f>,()0(>  seals  resort  tht.  'i  to  rest  and  play  on  its 
outlying  roeks  and  ledges. 

I  herewith  inclose  an  aflidavit  sworn  before  me  by  IJonJamin  (!. 
INIcIntyre  on  H(  jitember  Id.  that  it  may  be  of  service  should  any  pro- 
ceeding be  instituted. 

I  have  the  honor  to  remain, 

ClIAUT-KS    iJRVANT, 

'rri-d.sin'n  Af/iiif.  In  Chtiriir  of  Stal  Isltdids, 
lion.  li.  II.  I'.uisTOW, 

iSrcretarii  <if  the  Trftisiiyii. 


Iih  lomif 


iiHIi    /lijiaiit'x  l(lli'i-of  Mail  /.',  ISTfi  :   ilr])nnilioii  of  My,  11.  <i.  )[<  hitiifi  iii  to 
iiiraKiiiii  III'  riioliir'uK  hi/  mic  of  •'  ijiijinl." 


St.  Paul  Island,  J /«.v/.<(  Territori/,  ss: 

Personally  appeared  before  rne.  Charles  IJryaiit.  special  agent  of  the 
Treasury  Department  under  the  act  of  Congress  approved  iMarch  ."», 
1S7L',  Pi.  (i.  ^lclntyre,  wlnt,  on  lu'ing  duly  sworn,  deposes  and  says: 

1  am  agent  of  the  Alaska  i'ommercial  Comi)any.  in  charge  of  said 
comi)any's  business  at  St.  Paul  Island,  Alaska;  that  on  the  l!»th  day  of 
August,  A.  \).  bSTI.  the  schooner  (Jiff/net,  of  Santa  Parbara,  Captain 
Kind)erly,  ai)])eare(i  otV  said  island;  that  on  the  attempt  being  made 
by  Capt.  Charles  lJrya!>t,  special  Treasury  agent  in  charge  of  the  seal 
islands,  to  board  said  vessel,  she  sto(td  away  after  she  had  hiwered  her 
boat;  that  said  schooner  saih-d  around  the  island  on  the  nighi  of  the 
l!>th  of  A'igust,  IS71,  and  disapiiearcd  on  the  libth  of  that  month;  that 
on  the  liOth  day  of  said  month  said  vessel  was  again  disrtovered  by  the 
natives  of  said  island  at  anethor  behind  the  blulfs  of  Ot,  r  Island,  where 
she  was  engaged,  as  they  believe,  in  unlawfully  shooting  fur  seuls  in 
(he  water  near  said  Otter  Island:  that  on  the  night  of  the  I'ilth  of  -aid 
month  de))onent  tvent  to  Otter  Islisnd,  under  cover  of  darkness,  w!i,>i-e 
he  hid  until  daybreak  on  the  morning  of  the  .'{()th  of  said  month,  when 
by  ]»ulling  alongside  said  vessel,  he  suddeidy  surprised  her  crew  and 
boarded  her;  that  he  sa'v  on  board  said  vessel  the  carcasses  of  several 
fur  s(>als,  and  which  Averii  admitted  to  bo  such  by  the  cajttain  of  said 
vessel:  tli'.t  the  said  Captain  Kiml)e''ly  informed  dejionent  that  he  hail 
on  board  the  skins  of  s<'\  eral  fur  seals  caught  in  t'le  waters  about  tlie 
seal  islamls  of  Alaska,  and  requested  deponent  to  inlbrm  the  special 
Treasury  agent  in  charge  of  the  seal  islands  that  he  intended  to  keep 
sai<l  skins;  that  said  <'ai»tain  Kimberly  intbrmed  dejiomMit  tint  ho  had 
endeavon'd  to  avoid  seeing  any  person  from  the  islands;  that  on  differ- 
ent occasions  deponent  saw  several  shots  tired  from  the  deck  of  said 
vess.'l,  and  saw  the  boat  lowered  and  something  taken  on  board,  which 
he  believed  to  have  been  fur  seals  unlawfully  shot  and  killed  in  the 
water  adjacent  to  the  islands. 

n.  G.  MClNTYKK. 

niv  otiict!  on  St.  Paul  Island,  this   ipth  day  of  S':|)tember, 


Done  at 
A.  D.  ISTt. 


<  Charles  r.uvAXT, 

iSjiccial  Trtdsiiiji  .[(/cut,  in  (.'ln(riir  i>/  the  Seal  Tshnids. 


ISfi 


AI.AH^A     INI>tS-I'RIi:s 


l<l^ii-,iil  All' III  llffi'iiii,    IniiiMiiiiHiiiiiniHirliil.lnsisliiiil  A  III  III    Miliitinr. 
oil  mill  iif  iixil.irirx  liij  si'linmiir  '■'  ('\iiiiirl ." 

TlfKASl  U\     AciKNl's   ()|  111  i;, 

SI.  I'liiii  ixiiniii,  Mill/  .'(.,  ;s;.',. 

Sii;:  I  liciruilli  liiiiMinil  IdIIh-  I  »('|iiiitiiioiit  ii  letU'i' witli  ;H'<'(>iiii)iiii\  ■ 
iiiH' iiHitliivil  icccivcd  (idiri  AMsirttiint  Trciisiin  Af^ciil  VVjllium  .1.  .Mclii- 
tyn'.  (•(iiKciiiiii;^  (In-  Killiiii,' of  liir  mmIs  iiiiliiwliilJs  hy  tlio  nlticcrs  or 
«'rc\v(ilKcli(M)in'i  ('iii/iiii  iiciir  III.'  jhIiumI  of  St.  iM-nrye  dnriir^  tltc  iiiontli 
ol'  .Si'j)t«'iiil)(!i  <ii  ilic  yiiu  I^Tl.  Tlic  Icttci  will  oxj)laiii  Utf  wlinj*-  pro- 
ceeding. iiimI  till-  |troiM(ilit4'^s  iind  Mu-rgy  with  wJiirli  Kiiid  assistant 
a^eiit,  VVilliani  .1.  ,M<liifyi'«',  iwUkI  was  very  (oiiiiiu-iidable.  Tlds  is  t)ie 
same  vessel  iiictitioiiid  in  iii>  report  of  May  12.  niti  no,  aud  I  l»:*ve  sinci* 
learnid  said  v<--<'l  lian  r-ince  Ween  to  tlif  |h)i|  of  'ictori.i  iiirtisli  Co 
liiinl>ia.  ami  sold  liei  I'iiih,  iind  lelitted  lor  anotlier  <  riiis»-  n\  tliese  n-afers 
this  coining  season,  llv  ly  |iiecaiition  will  he  i,ikeii  •.>>  picveir*  any 
killing  of  seals  by  the  ofliceis  or  <t  w  of  said  -  «>m4«l,  «»r  Ur  seiz#»  fU'r.  if 
l)ussiide,  in  the  a<'(. 

1  ha\('  tin-  honor  lo  leniain,  with  resfwet, 

t   IIAI.'LDS    IJm  A.\  I  . 
I'niiKiirii  Ai/ciit.  in  Vliitriif  <>/  Senl  hltnuls. 

Hon.   I'.,    II.   I'.ltlhiou. 

Sri'l't  lilt'lt  III    llii    'I  I  <  iisiiyi/. 


I 


hiiliimiri-   iiilli   Slut 


il   .li/iiil    lliiiiiiil'x   lillri    III'  Mill/    .'!>.  1S7- 
I  nil'  III'  HiliiiDiii  r  "  I'l/iiiiil." 


iiirti^iini  III'  riiiih'f.'ri*'»  hij 


Isi.AMi  <i|-  Ht,  (iKouoi;,  liKiUNci  Si',.',.  Miircli  l.'i.  />;/;, 
Siu;  On  I  he  Isl,  (d'  Seplcinlicr  last  the,  natives  reported  that  the 
{•vrw  (d'  till'  otter  hnntinjr  schooner  (Jii<incl  were  shooting  seals  IVoin 
the  deck  of  the  vessel  im  hIic  lay  at  anchor  in  /apadnie  IJay,  o  miles 
from  the  village.  When  a  seal  was  Killed  they  would  lower  a  boat,  take 
it  on  board,  and  iittei  diinning  it  would  throw  the  carcass  overboard, 
1  iiiiiiiedialely  sent  a.  jiiirly  of  natives  [i,  watch  the  ('j/niid  and  ascer- 
tain if  possible  how  iiiiiny  seals  wei  i'  killed,  and  also  sent  a  letter  to  the 
cai)taiii  (d'  the  \('nM-|  inlbiiniiig  hiii  that  his  actions  were  illegal,  and 
that  he  iiiiisl  leave  I  he  (•  shores  at  (<nce.  As  there  were  no  boats  on  the 
south  side  of  the  islund,  signals  were  made  tor  a  boat  from  the  ('yi/nct 
to  come  ashor*-. 

The  ne.xt  day  the  nafive.  informed  me  that  the  signals  svere  unan- 
swered, and  that  no  c(Miiiniinication  was  had  witli  the  vessel;  that  the 
crew  had  lowered  two  boat -i  and  were  killing  seals  in  t'le  water  under 
the  clilf  near  the  lookeiy,  and  thai  the  seals  wei ;  evidently  very  niucii 
alarmed,  as  they  were  leivinjf  flio  breeding  and  hauling  grounds  and 
were  taking  to  the  waler  in  great  numbers.  A  heavy  sea  was  running 
on  the  norl  h  side  (d  I  he  island,  and  liie  Ineakers  rendered  it  extremely 
lia/.ardons  to  laiimdi  I  he  w  hale  Ijoat  and  .-^aii  around  (he  island  to  South- 
west Uay.and  ;i  Ijie  natives  ai<'  porr  sailors  I  did  not,  deem  il  prudent 
to  make,  the  attempt.  Still,  I  wisheu  to  give  the  captain  of  tli.>  vessid 
timely  warning  before  proceeding  (o  any  harsh  measures,  I  had  arnie<l 
the  natives  with  the  intention  (d'  repelling  by  (brcc  any  afteiiii»fs  to  kill 
seal  on  the  rookeries  or  within  liCe  shot  of  tiic  sImuc  if  the  crew  still 
persisted  in  iloiny  so  niter  the  receipt  ot  my  leilei    i»y   the  captain,     I 


i 


.\i,.\>kA   INDUS!  iai;s.  (7 

li.ad  tho  ii;itivt's  iMi'iy  one  of  tlicir  hidiukiis  su'I'dss  tlic  isluiid  to  Z:i|iii(l- 
iiif,  Hoiit  tlic;  U'ltcr  liol'oit'  kIci  red  to,  iiiid  also  i('(|iicsl('d  an  iiifci\  icw 
witli  the  cai»laiii  on  i rw  bcacli,  w  liicli  ]n\  at  once  fiiantcd. 

<'a|»tain  Kinihcrly  was  very  miicli  astonislicd  wlicn  inloriiH-d  tlnit  lie 
was  viol  at  in  j;'  the  lawsof  tlie  Tnited  States;  acknowicdj^cd  that  hcliad 
been  killin;^'  st-aks,  Imt  inaintaun-d  tliat  th»i  jiiiisdiction  of  the  (lovt'in- 
inent  did  nut  extend  to  tlie  waters  ol'  lierinj;  Sea.  I>nt  oidy  ovei  (he 
i'l'ibilof  Ishuids.  I  iiilbrnied  him  tliat  tlie  i)hia.seoloyy  of  the  art  ap- 
proved -Inly  1,  1S7(),  was  (pule  jdain,  and  tiieie  was  no  niistakinfi'  Ts 
nieaniiij;-;  tliat  tiie  second  section  of  said  aet  jirovides.  •■  That  it  shall  be 
niilawriil  to  kill  any  seal  in  the  waters  adjaeeiit  to  said  islands,  or  on 
the  beaches,  elill's.  or  roeks  where  they  haul  up  from  the  sea  to  remain; 
and  any  jjerson  who  shall  violate  either  of  the  provisittns  of  this,  or  the 
lirst  section  of  this  aet.  shall  be  lainished  on  conviction  thereof,  (or 
each  offence  by  a  line  of  not  less  than  two  hiiiidied  <lollars,  nor  more 
Mian  one  thousand  dollars,  or  by  imprisonment  not  exceedinji'  six 
inoiiths,  or  by  sueh  line  and  iinprisoninent  both,  at  the  discretion  of  the 
court  ha  vinj;' Jurisdiction  and  takiiij,'  co;,niizaiice  of  tlie  jnenee:  and  all 
vessels,  their  tackle,  apparel,  and  furniture,  whose  crew  shall  he  found 
eii{ja;;('d  in  the  vi(»latioii  of  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  lie 
forfeited  to  the  Cnited  States."' 

lie  replied  that  if  that  was  the  law,  of  course  he  had  violated  it,  but 
liad  done  so  innocently ;  that  he  was  en^aficd  in  otter  liiiiitinj;',  and  had 
ut  that  time  200  skins  on  l>oard;  that  he  was  lookiii<;  for  a  kelp  patch 
tothewest of  (he  island,  where  he  expected  to  (ind  otter  in  abundance, 
and  was  only  waitiii};'  for  calm  weather  so  that  he  ';oiild  hunt  them  in 
small  boats,  and  that  he  had  not  ti(t<d  out  for  any  imi'iiose  other  than 
otter  huiitin-i.  In  reply  to  the  imjiiiry  as  to  why  he  had  not  answered 
my  sifi'iials  and  sent  a  boat  aslnue,  he  replied  that  he  supposed  they 
were  made  by  the  natives,  nrompted  either  by  motives  of  trade  or  curi- 
(»sity,and  t  iierefore  jiaid  mt  attention  to  them.  Had  he  knonii  that  they 
were  made  by  white  men  he  should  have  sent  a  boat  ashore  at  once. 

1  inliirmed  Captain  Ivimberly  L.iat  he  must  return  to  nie  the  skins  of 
all  the  seals  he  had  killed,  and  lea\e  the  shores  of  this  island  at  once. 
The  natives  reported  that  he  had  killed.'!-!  seals,  but  ("a])taiii  Kimberly 
said  tiiatheliad  killed  .'!.->.  and  would  brinj4'  them  ashore  at  (Uice.  which 
h'jdid.  These  skins  I  salted  and  stored  in  the  eom]»aiiy's  nia,u'a/iiie  at 
Zai)adiiie.  wheie  I  supposed  they  would  be  perfectly  safe,  but  the  foxes 
etl'ected  an  entrance  into  the  salt  house  by  diu^iin^  under  the  tloor  and 
destroyed  every  one  of  them.  It  may  be  proper,  however,  to  state  tha( 
these  skins  were  deemed  s(a};ey  by  the  company's  aj;ent,  or  I  should 
lia\e  turned  them  in  to  (he  company  to  be  included  in  this  year'sipiota. 
The  <'!/!iii<t  lett  (hat  same  altcrnoon  i September  L*.  ISTIi.  and  has  not 
been  seen  in  these  waters  since. 

The  eaptain's  full  name  is  Samuel  Kimberly,  and  the  second  ollieer's 
('aiinoii.     The  latter  was  enjiayed  in  sealiii;^' on  this  island  in 


1 8(18. 


I  am.  xcry    •  speetfiili\ . 


•  apt.  Charles  I5uv am. 


\oiirs. 

VVji.  .1.  MclNTYin;, 

A.ssisltntf  Treasurii  Aiftiil^  St,  (lionic 


I'uiifil  Stoirs  'I'rrdKiini  Aiiml.  SI.  I'niil, 


7« 


ALASKA    INDL'sri.'ILS. 


Inilosiiri  ivilh  ."^pfiiiil  .lijiiit  Mvlnlyn'ii  lulhr  uJ'Munlt  l-'i,  AS?," 


ilepuniHuti  of  /.liar 


rersoiially  appeared  before  me,  William  J.  Mclntyre,  asHi.stiUit  Treas- 
ury ii^ieiif  I'liited  States  (a|>i»oiiite(l  iiii(ier  the  art  <»l'  March  ."),  l.STL')  at 
St.  <le(irme  Island,  this  .Jth  day  itf  Se|)teMibei'  A.  1).  1871,  Zeear  Ousti- 
1>(>11,  wild,  upon  liciiiy:  duly  sworn,  deposes  aim  3a.\8: 

That  on  the  1st  and  lid  of  Se|>teml)er,  A.  1).  "l871,  1  saw  the  erew 
of  the  schooner  <'ji<iiitt,  as  she  lay  at  anchor  a  (juarter  of  a  niihi 
oi'  thereabouts  troin  the  shore  of  said  island  of  St.  (leor;;e.  shoot  and 
Udl  fur  seals  from  the  deck  of  said  vessel  and  skin  said  seals  on  board; 
that  the  said  crew  did  also  shool  fur  seals  in  the  water  under  the  cliff 
about  "lOO  yai'ds  or  thereabouts  from  the  shore  of  said  island;  and  that, 
to  the  Ix'st  of  my  knowlt'dfje  and  belief,  :v\  fui  seals  were  kiihd  at  tin; 
times  and  in  the  mann  r  before  spccilicd;  that  fiir  seal  skins  to  the 
uund»er  of  .'io  were  on  tiie  said  2d  of  Sei)tendier,  A.  1).  1871,  returned 
lo  William  J.  IMcliityre.  the  (iovernment  ollicer  on  said  island,  and 
that  1,  l)y  the  direction  of  said  William  .1.  Mcl:ityre,  did  assist  in  the 
count inj;  and  saltinj; of  said  skins  in  the  salt  house  of  llu^  Alaska  ('om- 
meicial  ('omi)any  at  St.  Georj;e  island  on  th»'  date  last  mentioned; 
and  further,  that  the  said  .'5.">  fur-seal  skins  were  killed  by  parties  other 
than  tin-  Alaska  Commercial  Company  and  without  their  consent,  or 
the  consent  of  the  (jovernment  of  the  Luited  States. 

ZKCAK    OlSTlGMir. 

In  testimony  whereof  1  .subscribe  my  hand  and  seal  on  the  said  .'>tli 
of  September,  1871. 

Wm.  .1.  M(  INTVIIK,     |i'.  s.| 

Axui-shtiil  'I'lifisiirji  Aiical.  f'liilcil  Stati-s  TredHiirji  hcfKirlntiHt. 


Spn  i(f I  At/I'll f  lt>!ii(iit :  hiuisiiiitting  tqtort  (■/  AsHiitiau,  Ajintl  Mrlnh/it 
nit  itndufijt'ninii  o/o/J'uirs  on  <SV.  flvonji'  fulainl. 

TKKA«riJY    AfiKNT's   Ol'l'K  K, 

.S7.  I'll  III  hland,  ,1/^f// />,  /^v"  ^ 

Sii; :  1  have  the  honor  to  stibmii  the  following  leport  on  th<!  alVairs 
of  St.  <  ie(U'ge  Island.  The  steamer,  when  driven  fn»m  her  anchorage 
here  on  the  11th  instant,  i)roceetled  to  St.  (Jeorjie,  where,  tindiuf;'  hu.d- 
iiiji' impracticable  at  the  village,  it  went  around  on  tiie  o|»|)(»8ite  side, 
and  after  landing  Assistant  Agent  Samuel  I'alconer  and  I\Ir.  (leorgv) 
!•".  Adams,  subagent  Ibr  the  Ahxka  Commercial  ('(jiiipany,  she  ]>ro- 
ceeded  to  IJnalaska,  with  the  freight  for  St. (ieoigi  on  board.  Return 
ii'.g  theme,  she  iirrived  at  St.  (leorge  o!i  the  24th  instant,  and  after 
discharging  the  portion  of  freight  for  that  station,  again  left  for  Mils 
island,  arriving  here  on  the  morning  of  the  2."»tb.  The  steamei-  brought 
as  ])assengers  Fathei'  Inocent  Shiseiiokott",  arclipriest  ol'  the  liusso- 
(ireek  Church  tor  tliis  district  of  the  Aleutian  and  seal  islands;  also, 
Paul  Sliisenekoll,  a  foiiner  resident  of  this  island,  who  has  been  to  San 
I'rancisco  to  be  (trdained  as  a  resident  priest  here;  also,  /achar  Shis- 
enekotV  and  family,  former  residents  here,  who  have  been  living  at  IJna- 
laska. All  these  are  to  reside  here  except  the  aichpriest,  who  will 
return  to  (nalaska  after  performing  the  necessary  eeicmonies  for 
installing  his  brother  as  jiastor  over  the  chiirch  here.  Five  native 
laborers  weie  also  among  the  jiassengeis,  lo  do  the  lalior  while  the 
nalives  here  are  em[iloycd  in  taking  seals;  also,  one  carpenter  from 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIKS. 


70 


-.th 


riiiiliir^ksi,  to  tiikc  tilt'  phicc  of  the  one  who  now  returns  to  San  I'viin 
cisco, 

l>y  tliis  vessel  I  am  in  retteipt  of  tlie  report  of  William  .1.  Melntyre, 
assistant  Treasury  a;i('nt,  \vli(»  lias  had  (■hir.j,'e  of  ot.  (ieor};e  Island 
durinfi'the  absence  of  Assistant  A;  ent  Samuel  l^'ahjoner.  a  duplieate 
<»)py  of  whieh  is  herewith  inclosed.  It  will  he  seen  by  this  report  that 
he  has,  without  authority,  incurred  a  bill  for  labor  and  nniterial  tbri)aint- 
in(;and  relittini;  the  Treasury  agent's  house  and  th;-  fence  arountl  it  of 
oi.  1  ^H)7.  The  vouehers  for  this  bill,  together  v.  tli  the  pay  roll,  have 
been  forwarded  lor  my  ai>proval.  I  have  examined  these  and  find  the 
jirices  li'asonable  and  ,|iist.  and  have  approved  tin  in,  and  they  will  be 
lueseiited  to  I  he  collector  of  customs  ;it  Sail  Fr:)ncisco.  and  1  have  to 
re<piest  that  their  iiayiiient  be  authorized. 

As  this  bill  is  nearly  double  my  estimates  for  tnis  purpose,  as  asked 
for  in  my  report  dated  Aujiust  7,  lo74,  I  <'an  but  think  more  has  been 
done  and  {jreiter  exjiense  incurred  than  the  exi}>(Micy  of  the  circum- 
stances deiiiaiided.  It  will  be  seen,  also,  that  he  nsks  for  authority  to 
put  down  a  new  lloor  and  purchase  a  new  stove  and  caiiiet  and  double 
i»cd.  As  both  houses  were  built  at  the  same  time  and  liiriiished  alike, 
with  the  exception  of  the  bed  (the  ollicer  then  in  (diarjic  preferring' a 
spring  bed  to  a  mattiessK  and  these  articles  here  in  this  liouse  scarcely 
halfwoin,  I  iiiust  consider  that  the  necessity  is  not  so  greiii  for  their 
rem  \iil  as  to JiistilN  my  giving  anthoiit;,-  to  imrchase  new  ones  witlioi 
wail  ig  the  pleasure  of  the  I  vpartincul,  though  it  reipiires  a  year  to 
do  Sn. 

I  shall  visit  St.  Cieorge  as  .soon  a.>  the  newly  appointed  assistant 
arrives.  To  do  so  now.  and  leave  tliir«  place  for  a  month  without  an 
otiicci,  would  be  detrimental  to  the  (Joveniment  interests. 

From  the  general  tenor  of  the  rei)()it  i;  would  ai)pear  that  the  atVairs 
of  the  island  had  been  very  ably  administered,  but  I  regiel  tohiueto 
state  that  I  have  inforniiitioii  from  otlier  sources  going  to  show  that 
z\.ssistaiit  Agent  Melntyre  has  been  guilty  of  unwarranted  harshness 
in  his  treatment  of  the  natives. 

(iiegore  Kolichielf.  the  seci.ml  chief  of  St.  (ieorge  Island,  is  here  in 
cliargi' of  the  working  imity  of  11  men. 

L;!  >t  e.ening  said  KolichielV.  accompiinied  by  Keiirian  Makooliell. 
^iciioli  Ostigoti',  Zeear  Oiistigolf,  and  Heiese  (lallanim.  came  before  me 
and  made  the  Ibllowing charges:  It  would  appear  tlnit  Kepiian  Makoo- 
liclf  liiis  a  son  named  Fsau,  a  boy  about  S  years  old.  and  that  instead 
of  sending  him  to  the  ICnglish  .school  kejit  by  .Mr.  Melntyre  himself  for 
the  Aiiiska  ("oiiimerciiil  ('omiss.ny,  his  father  sent  him  to  study  with 
afoniiieiitioned  KolichielV  to  learn  Russian.  In  November,  when  the 
bity's  fatln-r  was  away  from  home.  Mr,  .Melntyre  went  to  said  Kolichielfs 
house  and  lorbade  his  teaching  the  boy  Russian,  and  ordereil  him  to  send 
the  boy  to  the  school  kejii  by  himself.  KolichielV  said  lie  had  no  tight 
to  send  the  boy,  as  he  was  not  the  boy's  fiither,  whereupon  Mi.  Mela- 
tyie  took  the  boy  to  the  sehoolhou.se  and  locked  him  in  to  keep  him  in 
all  night,  as  a  i>unisliment  for  not  coming  to  school.  The  boy,  m't  U  iiig 
used  to  such  tieatment,  I'soaped  through  the  window  in  the  night  and 
lied  to  Zai)adiiie,  a  place  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  island,  distant  .'» 
miles,  where  the  father  was  gathering  driftwood.  In  the  mornihg  Mr. 
Melntyre  sent  Zahar  OustigofV  to  order  the  father  to  bring  the  boy 
home;  and  immediately  on  their  arrival  he  (Mr.  Mcliity;*')  attempted 
to  .seize  the  boy,  but  the  father  would  not  let  him.  Mr.  Melntyre. 
returned  to  his  own  house,  got  a  ]iistol  and  pair  of  handcuiVs,  and  aguin 
returned  to  the  native's  house  for  the  purpose  of  punishing  both  lather 


«0 


ALASKA    INHt'SriilKS. 


1111(1  sdii.  I'lHiii  x'ciiifi  tliis,  ilic  iiiitivc.  r»';uiii;i  tni-  lii>  lilc,  ilcd  Iroiii 
Ills  lioiisc.  witli  only  lii-s  ])<iiits  and  shirt,  and  in  tliis  condition  liid  liiin- 
si'lliii  the,  clilils  at  tlio  ca'^^  end  ol"  tlie  island,  where  the  poojjlc  found 
him,  on  tlic  tliird  day  afttr,  so  cxlianstcd  l>y  cidd  and  Imnfjcr  lliat  (hey 
iiad  to  cany  liini  home  on  tlu'ir  hacks.  Wiicn  tlicy  arrived  there  tlie 
doctor  took  cliaryc  ol'  liiin.  ( )n  tiie  Ibiirtii  day  alter,  Mr.  .Mclntyic,  took 
him  Ironi  ids  house,  pat  handcnll's  on.  and  lodged  him  in  the  cellar  of 
th(^  com|)any's  house,  a,  very  cold,  dam])  place,  and  ke])t  him  four  days 
on  bread  and  water.  Durinjy  all  this  time  the  sou  had  hcen  conlined 
in  a  dark  closet  in  the  ((Mupany's  house  and  kejjt  on  bread  and  water. 

.\11  af^ree  in  the  truth  of  this  statement,  and  say  they  never  expe- 
rienced su(di  treatment  from  the  Russians,  and  they  all  unite  in  askiuf; 
nu'  to  remove  him.  They  say  they  are  afraid  of  their  li\ cs.  and  if  he  is 
to  renuiin  on  the  island  they  all  wish  to  leave  it.  All  the  fornu-r  resi- 
dents say  that  the  said  Keprian  MakooliefV  is  u  very  ijuiet.  inolfcnsivo 
man.  ami  {^ave  no  occasion  for  such  treatment  and  made  no  elVort  in 
seli'detonse. 

They  also  complain  that,  on  assunuui;  ciiarge  of  the  island.  .Mr.  .Mcln- 
tyre  took  from  their  (diief  the  Wussian  translation  of  tin;  act  of  (Jonjiress 
reduciufj'  the(|UOta  of  skins  for  their  island,  with  the  necessary  instruc- 
tions I  had  ^iveu  in  relation  to  cominj;'  over  iiere  to  help  take  seals, 
and  told  them  he  should  govcin  them  in  his  own  way.  This  jiajter 
was  of  no  real  value  to  them,  but  they  have  a  ftieat  reverence  t'nr  a 
written  doi-ument.  and  I  tind  they  consiilered  tliisonc^  as  their  guaranty 
tor  the  ri.i^ht  to  come  to  this  island  and  hel)>  s^al  and  share  in  the  bene- 
litsof  it.  1  fe(d  so  thoroughly  assured  of  Ids  untitntiss  for  the  position 
that,  were  it  practicable,  1  should  ask  his  immediiite  removal. 

i  shall  order  Mr.  Falconer  here  on  the  next  trip  of  the  steamer,  tiiat 
1  may  go  there  and  iuvesti.yate  these  matters. 

ClIARLKS   IiT?VANT. 

Trensurij  A;iviit,  in  (Jlmrtit  of  Scul  Ishaiils. 
lion.  I!.   II.  BuiSTow. 

Sccrctury  o/tlir  'I'naKUi  if. 


hirtiinin-r  iritli  SpecKii  .tfiiiit  llriiaiil'H  itiiDii  ojMiiii   ''i  ,'S7'' :  vvinnt  of  AsHislunt  Aiiviil 

Mrlnlijve. 

Island  of  St.  GEOiUrK.  Bkimnu  Sea,  Moij  ■'<>,  is;:,. 

Silt:  The  steanu'r  Alctdtidrr  arrived  here  on  the  Stl,  of  August  last 
on  iier  way  to  San  Francisco  and  brought  me  your  letter  of  instructions 
for  the  wiuter. 

About  the  ndddle  of  August  last  1  punished  three  natives  for  drink- 
ing (puis.  I  the'!  intbrnuMl  all  the  natives  that  it  was  the  intention  of 
tlie  Government  to  break  up  the  practice  of  brewing  anddriidiing  (juas 
on  tlu'se  islands,  and  that  it  must  be  discontinued  in  the  future.  This 
was  the  lirst  as  well  as  the  last  instance  of  (juas  having  been  made  or 
drunkenness  obi^erved  during  the  winter.  The  natives  have  been  sober, 
steady,  and  industrious,  and  have  conducted  themselves  upon  all  occa- 
sions in  the  nu»st  e\emi)lar"  niannei'.  I  watched  them  so  closely  that 
they  could  not  make  (puis  and  escape  detection. 

There  has  been  a  great  deal  of  sickness  )u  the  island  during  the  past 
winter.  At  one  time  it  seemed  as  if  everyone  in  the  village  was  down 
with  sickness.  From  the  8th  of  August  up  to  the  date  of  this  report 
tiiere  have  been  nine  deaths  and  only  four  births.  Among  the  deaths 
three  \\*'w  grown  ixople  and  the  remaiudei'  were  chiklien. 


ALAfSKA    INDI'STHIKS. 


Si 


<  »i  I  ly(Hit;u'c;i(UMit  occurred  (lunii};- the  winter,  iiiul  that  was  occasioned 
t!ir(in;iii  carelessness  in  haiullin};' a  jiiin,  the  chai'j;e  of  whicli  passed 
tinouf^ii  tlie  native's  hand,  nccessitatin<;'  anijintation  at  tlie  wrist. 

The  bull  seals  eoniiintnced  to  haul  up  on  tiie  oth  instant,  and  on  the 
following  day  I  calhtd  in  'ill  lireaitns  and  forbade  any  persons  going 
near  the  breeding  rookciies, 

Two  thousand  four  hundred  and  ninety  fur  seals  were  killed  for  food. 
Ofthis  number,  20."f  were  accepted  by  the  company  to  be  included  in  th(! 
(^lota  of  1H7."».     Of  tlie  remaining,  U,  100  wtue  pups  and  the  rest  stagey 

The  school  has  been  kept  open  iii  accordance  with  law,  the  average 
daily  attendance  being  11.  The  pro;  ress  of  the  scholars  has  been  very 
flattering. 

I  have  had  the  (rovornment  house  thoroughly  cleaned,  pa))cred,  and 
|)ainled  both  inside  and  out  with  twocoats.  The  insitU^  1  painted  white 
and  tilt' outside  a  very  |»relty  brown  with  white  trimmings.  1  have  also 
painted  the  fence  a  light  brown.  In  tln^  fall  I  bankeil  the  foundations 
up  to  the  woodwork.  .\  new  llooi  is  necessary  for  the  olli(  e  and  large 
rooms.  The  old  lloor  is  badly  worn  and  has  shrunk  a  great  deal.  1 
have  to  retjuest  that  you  authoii/e  me  to  put  down  a  new  tloor  during 
the  fi.il  or  winter.  A  new  stove  is  also  wanted  ami  a  new  carpet  ami 
doubh^  bedstead.  These  are  the  only  additional  improvements  neces- 
sary at  i»re.sent.  I  (;oiisnlered  the  repairs  made  this  spring  absolutely 
necessary  for  the  proper  jirescrvation  of  Uio  property. 

The  following  is  the  meteorological  record  for  the  twelve  months 
ending  April,  1875: 

I  Avt'ingf  iiliovc  ziio  I 


Mi)lifli.<. 


Tuiiipera- 
tmv. 


Mi>utli». 


Miiy 

.lllUI' 

.Inly 

Aiiuii.il  ... 

ScptfllllM'i 

OiLuliur  .. 


42  2U      Novoiiilier 

47.9    !    Dcccinlier 

4!l.  7        .Iiiimarv j 

.'.2. !)        F.lii  iiuiv 

4'J  Manli  .'. | 

«0        .Vpril : 


Tciupi'ia 

tiirc. 

Ill 

■i" 

a:i 

^ 

:m 

II 

37 

:i 

:t2 

20 

32 

•to 

I  inclose  a  sei)arate  report  (!oncerning  the  killing  of  fur  seals  by  the 
crew  of  the  otter  hunting  schooner  Vyfinet  in  September,  with  uttldavit. 

I  respectfully  reiiuest  to  be  furnished  with  a  copy  of  the  leaw  and  all 
acts  of  Congress  pertaining  to  the  seal  islands,  and  any  other  informa- 
tion pertinent  thereto. 

In  accordance  with  your  instructions,  I  have  turned  over  all  Oovern- 
ment  projierty  to  As.sistaiit  Treasury  Agent  Samuel  Falcoiier,  who 
arrived  here  on  thel.lth  instant. 

At  the  close  of  \\\-  sealing  season  of  187"),  i  shall  make  a  rejiort  con- 
cerning the  breeding  riid  hauling  grounds,  the  approsiniate  strength 
of  the  rookeries,  ami  the  mode  of  seleeting  killing  seals.  I  will  then  be 
able  to  verify  my  figures  made  this  spring,  and  take  advantiige  of  the 
information  acijuired  during  the  past  year. 

While  m  (diarge  ofthis  island  I  have  seen  that  the  natives  were  pro- 
tected  in  all  their  rights,  and  that  the  spirit  of  the  act  and  lease  was 
i.-arried  out  in  every  particular. 

I  am,  very  respectluUy,  yours. 

Wm.  J.   M(  .WTYUE. 

Sftfial  Agent,  S/.  Hmnir, 

Caiil.  CllAKLE.S  BKYANI, 

SfKcinl  Affi'iti.  St,  l'{(iil  Isim 
II.  |>,,o.  <»!> (i 


SJ  ALASKA    IMilSTIUKS. 

Sjiiriiil  Aiinil  liijiiijit ;  i^hii>itiiiii  n'riijitu  I'lir  /^7."». 

TlIKASUUV    AdKNT'S  Ul'KUK. 

iSt.  /'(iiil  Ishnul,  ^[(t!/ ->'^,  is;',. 
I  liorol)y  ooltit'y  that  flio  Alaska  CoiniiuMcial  Coinpany  has  tliis  day 
sliiiiped  (111   l)i)ar«l  sleamor  Mcidiiih  i\  l'v{>w  this  ishiiid,  .'JvSriii  fur  seal 
siciiis,  hi'iiifj  tlie  skius  of  seals  taken  for  iiafive  food  Iroin  July  1;^,  ISTl, 
to  this  date.  CllAlfLlCS  I'.KVANT. 

Tridsitrii  Ai/ciit,  lit  VlKtnjc  of  Sval  IxUmih. 

TUKASI   l.'V   A(iKM''s   ()l  IIOK, 

.S7.  I'diil  IsIiukI,  JiiIii  s.  />;  ".. 
I   liorchy  oortify  the    Alaska  Cominercial  ('mniiaiiy  has    tliis  day 
HJiijiiicd  oil  l)oaid  stt'aiiier  Aleniiiihi,  inv  tiaiisshiimieiit  at  riialasUa, 
.'i!).u;iU  fur-seul  skins  for  the  (piota  of  L^'J"). 

CllAUl.liS    i>U\  AM  . 
'J'rcusiirii  A(jtnl,  in  Cliiir{i<  i>i'  Snil  Ishiiuln. 

Tui).\sv\i\  AdENi's  <)i  ricK. 
St.  I'aid  Isldiiil,  All)  list  7,  1^:  >. 
Tliia  certilips  that  tho  Alaska  ('omiiiercial  Compaii;.  has  this  day 
sliijtped  on  )>oard  steamer  Alrraiiilir.  M.C.  Ilrskiiie,  master,  HI.IITt  fiii- 
seal  skins  oltiie  eati-h  of  IST.");  that  said  company  has  iilso  shipped 
.■>,0(»l,'  fur  seal  skins  from  St.  (leorse  Island  (if  tiie  catch  of  iSTo,  and 
that  said  steamer  has  on  board  5,.'}1.'8  fiir  seal  skins  from  liialaska  (!ov- 
ort'd  by  cerliticute  of  July  8.  187.").    Total  number  on  board,  .VijilW 

•■^kins.  ClIAHl.KS    HUVANI', 

inasiiiii  Afiinl,  in  ('Imryc  of  Seal  Islundfi. 


1 -/<■,. 
SixridI  Ai/ntl  Uri/init :   liinitdiion  nl'tuirli  In  -^.'i^iiiiti  .sinls  innnKilli/. 

VVASiliNdTON,  1).  (.'.,  March  ;.'.  />/"'/. 

kSlU:  1  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following' commniiication,  askinp; 
your  consideration  of  the  subject  matter  eoiitained  in  my  report,  dated 
October  11,  187.),  eoiicernin};'  the  limiting'  the  nuinlitr  of  fur  seals  to  be 
taken  by  tlie  Alaska  (Jommercial  Coinjiany  on  the  islands  of  St.  I'aul 
and  Si.  (iefirpe  for  the  ensuiiifi-  yeav.  It  will  be  sisen  by  a  reference  to 
said  report  that  fox  reasons  therein  set  forth  it  is  desirable,  to  limit 
the  iinmber  of  seals  to  be  taken  the  ])resent  season  to  8.j, ()()()  instead  of 
IdO.dOO,  iis  heretofore  done;  and,  further,  that  the  ])reseiit  proportion 
of  !l(>,<K)0  for  St.  I'aiil  and  10,(»(H)  for  St.  George  is  not  properly  adjusted 
to  the  existing'  condition  of  the  rookeries  on  said  islands,  and  that  it 
is  desirable  the  ])roportion  should  be  lixed  at  7(i.00U  for  St.  Paul  and 
l."),t)0<)for  St.  Cetnge. 

As  the  Alasl;a  Commereial  Company  steamer  will  leave  (•'an  Fran- 
cisco on  or  al)()Ut  the  Istof  April  next  for  the  se.d  islands  to  coiiimenee 
tl'.e  season's  operations,  and  no  other  oi»portuiiity  will  occur  for  com 
munieation  before  the  season  is  over,  an  early  consideration  of  tliis 
mutter  is  desiralile. 

I  ha\e  the  lioiior  to  remain,  yours,  respect liiliy. 

CirAUI.KS    liUVANT. 
TriiiNiini  AfHiit.  In  Cliaiujc  of  Sral  Islanil^!. 

Hon.  r..  11.  uiMs'iow. 

Secretin  II  of  the  Tniis-iini. 


(Ill 
ill 

as 
lie 
th 
in 

I'Cl 

tio 

of 

i.'' 

of 

f»<x 

[si 


ALASKA     l^■JJ|•KJ■UI«■-^. 


Siiiiiiil  AtiiHl  II.   \\  .  Llliotl  ;   (liiiiiaiii  nj  liniiiftt  s  itiiinl 


«;; 


Wiiifliittfifint.   \hircli  <>.  Ix7fl, 


Sir:  I  have  hocii  iiironiiod.  kikI  I  \\:\\i' U-.ii u*'iiUnu»  Mr, <  hirke.  Cliicf 
Division  ot  Ciistoiiis,  tliiil  IIki  Ticiisiiiy  ii;;«'Ht.  S\tJ'U,ft\i-^  I'.rvMiit,  \vli(» 
is  ill  char;;*'  ol  tlio  seal  islands  u\'  Alaska.  Ija^?  Hty^ftX »  tCf\w\\(}U  in  tlio 
iiiinilM'r  of  seals  that:  may  In-  killtMJ  tlii«  ,\«-ai  tu  t't,ui\<)m\v,v  with  tlii' 

■  ilty^l      i^'  ii  II.   .'       J.r       tllJt        hitf       >l   I  II  ll'i   it'lW  I       .ll>'\'  I    .*\TO         ,111        4ijA*      „rf,_r.,      ,1  »l..tf  .•l><ll>       II 


MMIH    iiiai.    Illiiy    IM-    Kiiirii     linn    ^,^'du    tft    f'ffttt}innuf,f.    WIIU    lllr 

|»ro\isioiis  of  tlic  law  appiovcil  July.  l.>7o,  «ii  tU*^  i(tf,nt,t\  fliaf.  altera 
n-sitk'iire  on  tliost-  i^lancls  and  in  cliaiiit-  of  tl«-  **-ittit>u  iitfen-sts  tliiic 
diiiiii;i  lilt'  last  st'Vfii  yens,  lie  lias  iii>t  dii<j</\<  M")  thf  fM;t.  tUnt  takiiif; 
1(I(),(MI0  yoiiii;:  male  seals  annually  "does  jj<>t  j4Mt4«r»  yiriHieient  niimiicr 
of  males  to  mature  for  I  lie  wants  of  tli«f  infit^.tut*-  ttt  fh<r  niiniher  of 
fomales,'"  a  slatemeiit  winch  hears  on  itsown  (m *■  >t  ^,\f  f,vii\ci\i  eoiitia- 
dietioii. 

If   Mr.   I'.iyant   had   made  no  oihei   lejM/it   ttt  Utt'  .H*»frf'rary  of  the 
Tioasiiiy  liian  the  one  i|Uoted  from  alxive.  Ut-^  »ttimt*-htrt,  indelinile  as 
aie,  would   Imve  much  \vei;;ht.  and   iit-r  tj/nUi  not  he  tiiithfiilly 
I'd  with  ineonsisteiiey  and   vsaiit  <;f  <'<;*iwil  «j*|»rfciation  r»f  the 


I  hey 
•liar<i< 


eiiaijied  witli  ineonsisteiiey  ami  vsaiii  <;i  </;»uw'll  mti>T H:\nt ion  r»i  tlie 
duties  devolved  ii",  on  hiin  hy  the-  'rieai>uj\  l^'f^;iirfrrM-nt ;  hut,  iinlor- 
tiiiiately  lor  the  eliaiaeter  of  this  leport,  he  Jj;j«  miuU'  *it  annual  i-eports 
to  the  JSeerctaiy  of  the  Tieasiir\  prioi'  fo  it — 'm*  t»At  rej)/.rt  of  Oetoher 
II,  1S7.~> — and  in  each  and  every  one  of  tln-»>*^  i*^0/tt'*  \h.  Hryant's  laii- 
fi'iia^e  testilles  in  positive  terms  to  a  steady  httwif.**:  m  the  niinihers  (»f 
the  lireedinj;- seals:  nowheredoes  he  rpialify  oj  «jM*'*lii/rti  rhis  fact,  which 
al  the  time  I  disputed  in  slion;:'  terms,  as  J  <j/>  Wtx-,  Now,  in  187">,  ho 
eoines  before  the  Depailineiil  with  a  statejuejjl  wjlim.'  J*  c/rrrtpletely  it^iores 
his  testimony  for  the  si\  preeedin;;  years,  ajj<l  «l«ii«|lii  \ic  ■roiitly  main- 
tained, with  the  aid  of  his  friends,  in  >piie<;f  iH>'i>^ji((ri'x*ifion  to  its  truth. 
I  remenjber  a  lon^  and  a  somewhat  warm  iifiittm*r»tf.  ^•«^■'eh  tr)ok  piaee 
lielween  cN-.Seeretary  l!oiiI well  and  myself  'U  Im-:  fitU  i>f  THT;!  on  this 
subji'el.in  wliieh  he  declared  his  lirm  belief  ju  UtfUttth.  of  Mr,  I'.ryanl's 
testimony  as  to  the  ^reat  increase  in  the  innuiMi'^-^  <yf  the  seals,  and 
refused  (o  j;i\f  in  the  le;i>t  adherence  to  ]ity  »tnit'.u*t^\t  f..  the  contrary, 
and  I  tiieii  asked  for  .Mr.  liiyant's  removal  on  ttic  j^vmind  that  he  was 
;;ivinj;  to  the-  8eere1ary  of  the  Treasiir\  an  ■.ilurj^Hit't  erroneous  idea  as 
to  the  comlilion  of  the  seal  life;  ami.  imieexl.  Mt;  tityfuit  carried  thi.-^  so 
far  as  to  advise  in  one  of  his  anniiai  i-ej>oit-  tl<;<J  ttu  rtflditioii  of  .'{O.OUO 
be  made  to  the  lawful  l(IO,(i(M»  for  the  seas<^jj  of  i<t. 

My  theory  as  to  the  fact,  that  these  .-.eal*  hit  >>»*•  I'ribilof  Islands 
have  attained  for  some  tiim^  past  their  iiidn^imnut  (ii»iirf  of  increase  in  a 
state  of  nature  is  based  upon  a  ri;,nd  study  «;f'lilw' *;i|ll)<p'Cf  on  the,  j^round 
diirin.u' the  seasons  of  l.sTl',  lS7i'«.  and  If^'i. -.Hfltvt'ty  >'tc]>  I  have,  taken 
in  arrivinj;'  at  this  conehision  is  ba.-ed  upon  t■.u'l^^f  <M»vcys.  oid  tijiiires, 
asset  ibrth  in  my  report,  and  the  ori;iinal.->  J  <-.*it  i^t'i^hirtMit  a  moment's 
notice:  while  to  thii  contrary  Mr.  Ibyant  has  iwvtff  «iade  a  snrvey  of 
tlie;nea  and  ])osition  of  these  bicediny  ;;ioii|j«j*«(/*yof,  whiidi  he.  s))oaks 
in  snch  jiositive  erroneous  laii{;iian«'.  and  can  u*A  I;*/ before  you  a  sinyle 
record  nnule  by  him  on  these  lields  whicii  w i\i  ^M'^itt  Uim  out  in  hisas.ser- 
lions;  it  is  mere  j;uesswork  with  him,  aij<l  he  i*a-*  ttt^i/f-t  made  a  series 
of  systematic  consecutive  examinations  oi  Uu-:ht«'t'(hh<:(  grounds,  whicli 
is  absolutely  necessary  to  the  correctness  of  any  5 Hn^'i-jr? y  which  an  ofliccr 
of  the  <ioveriiment  may  advance  with  lejiuril  Ut  Un^'r  foutiit'ntu  of  those 
'(xittered  and  extensive  breedin-^  li^^ds  of  ih*'  iHt'**-»l^  on  the  I'ribilot 


Islands. 
1  wouTf*.  there 


pecll'iilly  tu-e  lliai    %ir,  i*n;it\t   in-  instructed 


SI 


AI,\HKA    IMMKIUIKH. 


til  do  this  sfuxui  «  Init  lie  liiis  in-vi-r  il<irif!  iiM  \«'t  oil  the  soal  Islniids— 1(» 
iiiiikr  11  rart'lr.l  and  llioioii^ili  siirv«'y  ol' tin-  arcii  ami  imsiticii  ol'  tlii' 
liit'tdiii^'  rdokei'ios  uiidi'i'  liis  t-liiU't;*'.  k«»  lliat  Hh-hc  records  may  1m'  com- 
pared  witli  work  dmif  by  iiiyKcll  in  IhTL'  and  rejicatcd  l»y  lactitciiant 
.Maynard  in  1>>7  I.  and  lopoi  ted  upon  at  lenctli  and  in  detail  by  both  of 
IIS.  Tiiis  work  will  siiow  at  a  jjiame  whether  the  seals  havo  iiKUeased 
or  diminished,  and  b«  I'ar  above  the  level  of  mere  "(iieHswork. 

There  is  one  plain  iid'erence  whiidiean  not  I'ail  to  arrest  the  attention 
of  the  iiM|iiiier,  and  wiiieh  Captain  IJryaiit's  re|)orts  coiifirni  iniieii  more 
stron;;ly  tlian  do  my  own,  and  that  is  the  fiMt  that  il  the  lemaii's  are 
"iiicieasiiiji"  at  the  rate  of  *'<{  per  eeiit '"  every  year  it  is  jjroof  conclu- 
sive that  tlicre  must  be  males  cnoiiuh  lor  t lie  purpose  of  breedint-or 
these  rookeries  could  not  expand. 

In  view  of  tiiis  c(»iiliictiii;,'  testimony  of  Mr.  liryaiit,  I  trust  that  you 
will  {{ive  the  matter  your  careful  <oiiHidcratioii  before  sij,'nin;,'  any  war- 
rant for  reduction,  based  upon  such  evidem-e,  when  it  is  fully  as 
probable  that  the  six  reports  ol  Captain  ISiyaiit  prior  to  the  one  for 
ISiriaie  moil' correct  than  is  the  latter,  thoii<{li  all  of  tin  in  are  based 
upon  coii.iectur(>.  and  assumption,  not  founded  ii|ioii  actual  iiivesti<,M- 
tion;  and,  fiirtherinore,  it  would  tiive  nie  satisfaction  to  meet  <"aplam 
liryaiit  in  your  ])resence  and  there  discusK  this  matter  in  tiiil.  It  is  in 
no  sense  a  jicrsonal  matter  w  itli  me;  it  is  one  in  which  I  feel  naturally 
a  dec])  interest,  that  will  arise  in  anyone's  mind  after  Ion;;  and  atten- 
tive study  of  the  subject.  I  should  have  come  forward  to  oppose  any 
increase  in  the  killiii^r  just  as  promptly  as  I  do  this  pro|)ositioii  for 
diminution,  unless  sucii  a  jiropositioii  were  based  upon  tenable  ;;roiin(l. 
Aery  respectfully,  your  friend  and  servanl, 

Heni.'V   W.  Vaaautv, 

lion.  ii.  II.  I'.Hisrow, 

tSerretary  of  the  'J'Tt'iHuri/. 

V.  S. — To  more  fully  illustrate  the  nature  of  my  objection  to  Mr. 
I'.ryant's  testimony,  1  inclose  a  eomiiilation  (rom  the  several  reiiorls  of 
that  ollicer  made  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  diiriiiu  1H(;(»-187"> 
iucluBive. 

II.  VV.  i:. 


Iiiclumui-  icith  Spectitl  .ti/iiil  Kllioli'-  n imrl  nf  Miu'  !■  >',.  /v;i,. 
KxrieAd>  rKOM  (aciaix  iiiivant'>  hki'dui.s. 

I  Ui.'|MM  I  ilat"  <1  ,ViiiiMiil)i-(  Vi.  IM»K(,  I 

It  will  also  bo  Been  tliiit  tho  gruat  iiiipoitunct!  of  tli*^  Hcal  lif*liciy  Ir  not  lo  lie  ciileii- 
liUcd  from  till'  liiiHi.s  of  itK  prcHiMit  \i<!i<l,  an  witti  jiropcr  cmo  tlio  iiiinilior  cnii  br 
iiicic'iist'd  iiutil  both  inliinils  iU'o  I'lilly  orcii|ii<;<l  liy  tticw;  Viiliiablr  uiiimals. 

I  l(e|iiiii  iliiK'l  NKVitiilHrr  10.  \i*~\.\ 

'I'iii'  bi'oedilip;  umloH  and  feinalcH  ocriijiy  thi-  Httfiift  ground  (rom  year  t<i  year,  witii- 
oiit  leaving  their  placcH  iiiitii  the  end  of  .Inly,  and  no  otlur  clasheM  nii\  with  lliciii. 
'I'liONe  have  clearly-delined  lioiindarieM,  entirely  Hi^mrato  from  the  'grounds  o(  iiipied 
by  the  classes  driven  for  killinj;,  and  are  never  dininrlied  by  it. 

As  these  iiro  the  sources  that  iirodiice  theHiifiidy,  and  t  bolide  at  which  most  ol'  them 
are  killed  is  It  years,  their  condition  will  fiirnJHh  a  standard  by  which  to  estimate 
the  iirodncl  three  yep,rs  in  advance.  A  curel'iil  cotnpuriNon  of  their  condition  the 
present  year  (1S71)  with  Ihose  of  IStj't  and  IH70,  hIiows  a  decrease  in  the  number  of 
lemales  the  ]iresent  year  ei|iial  to  10  jier  cent  of  tbo  tuo  foriiier  years,  wliich  showed 
fl  1,'radiial  increase.  Tliis  mi}{ht  indieato  a  neceMnity  lor  restrict'inu;  the  number  to  lie 
tal<eii  were  it  not  for  the  excess  of  \^VK  which  will  rompensnlo  the  deficiency  for 


bei 

enci 

Uil 

we 

cie; 


del,- 

Seal 

li 

nic 

ki! 

tha 

lh( 

ad< 


ALASKA    iMii'sri;ii>. 


sr» 


dill'  \i;il  ;  liiit  nliniilil  I  \mi  hin  rdhHiVii  ycuis  ol  tlccrnnMn  lollnvv.  It  will  lii>  iliflmi'iil 
TliiM  (Um'Kmmc  is  tli«  h;iliii  (Ml  tlid  I'dokdI'icN  whuri"  no  srnlH  liiivi-  lircii  InUni  ><iii(  n  18IIM 
iiM  liii>-<' lliiit  liiiMi  licrii  worked  fdiitimioiiNly.  WlmtcviM'  iiiiiy  Ix"  tin  rmisti  nl' tliiM 
ilciri'iiMc,  I  inn  miiii'  it  iiiiist  1ii>  lookuil  for  initHiilit  of  tlie  iHliincls.  m  |ii>i'ioi|  nl'  tin'  yiiir 
ill  wllirll  \vr  li.'i\  r  I  it  ill'  or  llii  (MiMili  vo  klliiwlci'^r  of  t  lli'll'  li:il)its.  Siillii  ii'iil  Hi'iiri!ll 
liim  liui'ii  iniiilii  I'm  llicir  viiitrr  iiIioiIi'h,  uitli  it  view  In  tiikiiiK  thi'ir  >kiiis,  to  pruvi' 
llii*y  do  mil,  liiiiil  III  ^iiiN  ('(iMHiiU'iiibli' !iiiiiili<-rH  on  iiiiy  known  kind.  Ilics  li(';;iii  to 
IciiM'.  till)  iHlunilH  ciii'ly  ill  Oi'toliiT,  and  liy  t  lio  iniddlool'  hiMi'iiilii'i' lin\  <' nil  Idt,  and 
iniiKt  iiro  HI  I'll  nuiiiii  until  April  oi'  Miiy.  A  I'l'W  Inindri'd,  iimslly  yoniiu  |iii|is.  mi' 
I  liken  l>y  tliii  IndiiiiiH  iiroiind  Sit  kit,  I.LMKI  inilos  ouhI  id'  the  iNliiiiiU,  diirinu  tlio  iiiontli 
(if  Diti'cinlier.  nnd  ii^iiiii  in  MuitIi,  on  tlieir  wiiv  ri'tiliniii);  to  the  IhIiumIn,  iind  in  l''i'li- 
iiiiiry  oD'  Die  niiiMt  of  Kiitish  < 'ulninliiii,  Imt  in  nihIi  Niinill  niiiiiliei'H  mm  to  iiiako  no 
H|iiii'ei'iit1do  dill'iireni'O  to  tliu  iiiinieiiHe  iinnilier  tiiiit  viNit  the  ixliind^  iiiiiiinilly,  'I'liis 
iH  iilioiil  all  that  in  known  iiositively  of  tliiir  winter  haliils.  It  in  evidiMil  thai 
sliaik«  or  other  Miracioiis  IinIi  jirey  on  the  yoiina  iiii|im  while  in  tiie  water,  troin  tho 
laet  tliat  of  iMori)  than  a  million  |>ii|im  aiiiiiially  1ea\  in^  tl><'  iHlandH  md  oin'-tliird 
reliirii  to  tlieiM  In  npi  iiii;. 

Ill  tlic  ((iiirlndiiiji;'  seiitiMice  of  llii.s  extract,  Ml',  liiynut  iiinkos  a  stafc- 
iiu'iit  tliat  is  iiKMcly  a  inafU'i' III"  coiiit'ctttiic  oil  liis  i)art;  il  i.><  jtist  as 
iH-ar  tlie  liiitli  to  say  tliiit  lijilf  of  tlu!  million  jaiits  born  tliis  year 
I  ('turn  next,  lie  intr  no  one  cl.sc  would  bcijiistilit'd  in  makinj;' either  of 
tiii'.so  .statcnn-nts  so  positive,  for  the  data  (loes  not  exist. 

l|{i'|inrl  iliili'il  Sciili'iiilpiT  ,'i   1H7L'.) 

The  iireHeiil  HoaHon  the  Imui  liiiiasterM  or  lirceding-hiills  havo  landed  in  oxroll(>tit 
liealtli  and  coinlition,  and  in  greater  iiiiiiiliprH,  oceii|iyin^  niiiih  larger  fjioiiniU  than 
ever  liefoie.  The  i'eliinh'H  .iIho  loiiie  in  Hiilliciently  inereased  iiiiiiihers  In  oi'i'ii|iy  all 
thoKroiiniU  tliiiH  iiia|i]ied  out,  and  thiinninhiT  of  yonni,'  seaN  prodiired  i;i'eatly  exieed 
any  iornier  yeaiH.  The  weather,  ulthoiifrh  exeo.s,sivel\  lo;my  and  di.saj;i'eeal)le  to  the 
reni(lfiiitH  of  the  iHlaiid.-*,  liaN  lieeii  i'»)ieeinlly  fa\(ira)ih'  to  the  yoiiii^  HoalM.  It  is  also 
oliHervalde  that  a  latter  niiinlier  of  yonrliiifjH  or  hint  year'.-*  ]iii]ih  than  iihii.'iI  have 
rotiiini'd  to  the  iMlaiid  the  jiresniit  HeaHon.  Tliero  is  now  only  a  deliiioiiey  of  one 
eliisH,  that  of  tlu)  'I  and  ."i  year  old  Heals.  This  !.■»  elearly  tnieealile  to  tho  followiim 
laiises;  iMiriii^;  the  HuaHoii  of  IMiS  liieie  wero  killed  on  Itoth  islands  L':.'0,(i()0  animals 
for  their  skins;  and  in  the  season  of  1S09,  S."),()(l()  for  their  skins.  .\t  that  tin.,  the 
relative  value  of  IliP  si/e.s  or  iifivH  ot'  tho  »kiim  was  not  iindi'istood,  and  all  the  skins 
lieiiiK  )(aid  (or  at  the  same  iniee,  tho  natives,  who  wore  fpiiek  to  iiereoive  the  ditl'er- 
oneo  lii'tween  taking  a  Hinall  skin  and  a  larKO  one,  and  carrxin^  it  to  tliu  salt  houses, 
killed  all  tho  yi'arliiifjH  they  could;  tlioso  were  the  prodnets  of  ISliT  and  IMiS.  I'liose 
were  Hciit  forward,  in  1S70,  to  market,  and  overstocked  it  with  kiii.iH  skins.  This 
created  a  ileinand  for  larger  skins,  and  the  Alaska  Commercial  Coinpany  instructed 
their  agents  to  take  all  tlie  larpo  skins  possildo  in  1871  ;  this  was  done,  :inil  as  iiiaiiy 
4  and  .'")  year  old  seals  as  could  he  taken,  'I'liis  a;;ain  fell  on  the  already  diiiiiiiish(!(l 
product  of  IHC"  and  ISCiH.  \Vheii  these  were  sent  to  market,  they  were  found  too  old, 
and  now,  the  pKijicr  niodiiim  lieinir  ascertained,  tho  seals  will  he  selected  accordingly. 

ll  will  lie  SI  I'll  liy  reference  to  my  rejiort  of  Novemher  HO,  18(ii>,  containinj;  a 
dolailed  dcsii  ipt  ion  of  '<  i  ■  ';.,  bits  of  these  animals,  that  this  class  of  l  and  .">  ye.ir  old 
Seals  perloini  an  iiiiiio  taut  ^  •,  vice  aloii^  theshoreH  during  the  season  of  iiiciilialion  ; 
liiit  lis  there  was  alrea  ly  exist'  ig  an  excess  of  old  hulls  from  former  year.s,  tho  dotii 
nieiit  to  the  rookeries  I'vin  ti 'j  alisencc  of  this  class,  growiiifi;  out  of  the  excessive 
killing  of  18I1H,  can  worl  no  si  rioiis  injury  to  the  rookeries  for  tins  two  years,  and  al 
that  time  they  will  he  H,.i>).'.ir  d  from  the  f^rowiiig  seals.  I'lider  tho  iiresent  system 
the  rookeries  show  a  steady  increase  that  warrants  the  assertion  that  hy  JS71  an 
addition  of  liO.OdO  skiii.s  may  he  added  to  the  iiumher  now  taken  aniiiially, 

llif'lioit  'liit.'d  Septcnilicr  30,  1S7;1.| 

Tho  hreeiliiiK  rookeries  diiiiiif!;  the  Ineeding  season  have  a  lixod  and  permanent 
character.  They  he^rin  to  (ill  at  the  water  line,  and  fill  in  ei|iial  niimhcrs  in  a  f;iveii 
space,  extending  their  hoiindaries  no  farther  tlian  can  lie  so  tilled,  so  that  l>y  care 
fully  noting  these  Iionndaries  from  year  to  year  an  approximate  estiinato  can  lie 
mailo  of  tho  ratio  of  increase  liy  the  addition  of  the  young  i'omales  maturing  annu- 
ally. Tliesi ,  as  compared  with  their  area  in  1S70,  now  show  an  expansion  ciiiial  to 
1.")  per  cent  in  three  years,  or  an  annual  increase  of  Ct  per  cent  since  tlio  date  of  the 
lease.  The  full-grown  males  that  do  not  find  room  on  tho  breeding  jilaces  gather 
as  near  as  possildo  to  await  for  (ip])iiitiiiiitie8  to  suiiersedo  tho  weak  and  woundcil 
while  lighting  for  the  jiossession  of  the  females.  Hero  the  proportion  their  luimhers 
hear  to  tho  necessities  for  breeding  ])iirpoHos  can  bo  readily  estimated,  and  of  th^ 
cla.is  for  brcodiiiy;  jiurposcs  there  is  a  full  supply.      The  classes  driven  for  their  skim 


m 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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11.25 


Ifi^  Dili 

2.2 


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2.0 


II  1.8 
1.4    III  1.6 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


i/.x 


ca 


S6 


AI,A.-KA    !M)r  -TniF.S. 


(lin'ili;^'  till'  wciiliir.;  sc.i'-^oii  ari'  ((III  (/('icii  iliHiiirlii'd  In  :irriinl  ii|i|iui-hiiiily  lur  'sliiniil  in.' 
I  lilMl' liili]ili<'is.  ItuI  Mtl'-r  till'  •'I'lilili;^  JM  ;ill  ilmii' ^liiil  I  li(>  i  .:li  i|hi)I  i  l.ilsin  I'lii'  tln' 
jtar  \vi>  liiiow  wli:it  KJliiiiJiiN  ;ih  ii  filtilli'  Hiiiiply.  In  .!  lew  cImv^  tin  v  --c'tilo  ,|iiiotl,V 
oil  the  II  ir>liii^  |il;i((!s  ;iii<l  i;iii  tlicn  lie,  tin  fly  cstimatcil.  On  SI.  I'liiil  lsl;iiiil  tlicic  is 
cvidc'inr  111  11  Htciicly  iiiciciiMi-  lli;i(  (txciodn  tin'  <lciiiiiii(l  tii  111  I  (lio  i|iiol.i  for  tliat  isliiiid, 
while  fill  S(.  (ii'Oi;;i)  Ulaiid,  ai  licConi  Ml-.iird,  tlio  Hii|>|dy  liills  Hliort  of  tin;  iiiiiiilicr 
iicficssiiry  III  fiiriiiKli  lai  ;;<■  Mi/id  '.kiii-<.  All  nllicr  ((iiiditioiia  apjioiir  to  bo  tin' .-iiiiiic 
on  St.  (ieoinr  as  on  si.  I'aiil,  iIk-  fi'iniiloM  aiinnally  iiicrcasin,!.;'  in  iiiiiiilioiH,  show  in;.; 
it  to  b()  only  luccsHaiy  to  ri'dini^  tlir  nuiiilicr  of  males  taken  for  tlnir  skins  to  atfoid 
tlio  necHssary  roiiijiliaiiciit  (or  liroodiiij^  iiurpoHcs.  'I'lnis  may  lie  summed  ii])  the 
jjciioral  eonditioii  of  tho  fur  >-i  ;il-«  at  the 
aiiplieiition  oC  thi!  j)resiii(  eHliildiHlied  HyKteiii 

""'  .  ^'  1  _      I-  11^  f,.|ini),.^  lum  ji|,.p,.|is(.(i  1,1  I 

I  left 


leal   islands   afti'r  three  years'  i>raelie,il 

J., , .,,..,  ill  for  their  niaiiajieme.nt. 

'i'lio  nnmlier  of  breeding  feiimleH  has  increased  l.'i  |ier  cent  while  1(10,000  males  have 
been  taken  annually  for  their  Nki(i'<,  and  thore  is  still  left  a  snrplns  of  males  rei|uired 


f.)r  breeding  iiurjioHes. 


l;e|/iiM  ihid'd  AllL'llHt    (.  IHTl. 


As  the  class  of  seals  killed  Im  (heirHKiiiHare  mostly  tyi>arsoldaiid  they  do  not  ma  tin  c 
until  I!  >eurs,  the  full  cllect  of  (he  additions  of  t,"i,00()  increase  on  I  he  nuota  of  this 
island  the  jtresent  year  <;aii  not  bo  fully  estimated  until  two  yoar>  more,  when  tli  .ie 
that  have  esi'aped  to  ^lon  up  (jiin  year  will  be  siiUicieiitly  matured  to  bo  of  service. 
In  my  ojiinion  any  further  iiicreaHe,  In  the  nunibor of  seals  to  be  taken  annually  would 
result  iu  future  injury  In  the  rookericM, 

|l!e|«irl  ifilnl  OrluliiT  II.  IST'i.l 

At  time  of  writ  inj;  my  detaileil  report  on  the  habits  of  these  animals,  dated  Xoveiu- 
ber  ;i0.  IHtli),  it  was  staled  (o  lii'  100,000.  'I'liis  nuiulier  was  lia.ied  mi  the  best  infor- 
mation obtainable  at  dial  time  from  the  natives  of  tl,o  island  and  the  few  employees 
of  the  former  1' '^sian  I'lir  ('oiiip.iny  reinainin^  in  the  Territory.  Since  thi'ii  a  r(^si- 
dcnco  of  seven  successive,  Mea-ioim  on  tin'  i'^lainl  in  cliainu  of  these  animals  has  fur- 
nished mo  with  till!  desired  opporiinity  for  <leti'i'niiniiis  this  surplus  prodiiel  by 
actual  study  of  their  habits  and  rrr(|iiiieiiientM,  and  the  result  is  the  killini;-  of  100,000 
]ier  aniiiiin  does  not  lease  a  sit  (lie  lent  ii  umber  of  males  to  mature  lor  the  wants  of  the 
increase  in  the  niimbir  of  females.  And  as  II  is  desiralile  to  state  some  of  the  meth- 
ods by  which  these  eoiiejiisiiiiiH  have  lii^eii  reaeliod  by  mo  a  brief  statenuMil  of  the 
habits  of  tlies<;  animals  and  the  (dieet  of  tlio  killiiiL;  of  100, ';00  per  year  for  I  ho  iiast 
iive  years  seems  necessary. 

Constant  and  careful  adetitioti  has  been  jiiveii  to  the  eonditioii , and  ehaiiires  in  the 
ditferent  classes  of  seals,  and  tile  data  kept  lor  comparison  fruni  year  to  year,  and  the 
result,  as  sumnied  u|)  (he  present  year  iu  i-omparison  with  1S70,  shows  the  present 
stock  of  brcMtiliii)^  (emales  has  steadily  increased  in  a  ratio  of  .">  or  ll  per  cent  per 
annum  added  to  llu!  original  htoik,  while  the  stock  of  breediiif;  bulls  has  decreased, 
by  loss  t'roni  a^e,  and  otln  r  e.iiixeM,  'o  iiiiieh  faster  than  there  has  been  yoiin^  seals 
grown  n|)  tn  replace  (hem  (hat  i(s  present  condition  is  only  einial  to  the  present 
demand,  and  the  Kto(di  o(  half  I  ml  Is,  or  those,  to  mature  in  the  next  two  years,  is  not 
siiltieieiit  to  meet  the  w.anisof  (he  increase  in  the  females,  rndertheseciicumstaiiees 
I  feel  it  my  duty  to  reeommeiid  that  for  the  next  twoyears  the  nunib(U'  of  seals  to  bi^ 
taken  for  their  skins  hi!  limited  (o  v'^ofio  j,(,r  annam,  to  be  apportioned  between  the 
two  islands  as  follows;   I'orSl.  (aiil  Island   70,000,  and  ior  St.  deorgo  Island.  15,000. 

Now,  as  tlicse  i(q»ortM  vim,  Oiiptiiin  iSryniit  will  bo  pedectly  consist 
ent  if  lie  advocates  an  iiicii'JiHc,  of  .".(t.OOO  to  tlie  lawful  (|iiota  lu'.xt  year, 
and  wiiafs  to  prevent  liiiii  on  the  ;,aound  of  liis  taking.' 


Sjticui}  Ai/fiil  Itri/iirl :   jnrrnn'nxn'ji  repnri  I'ny  l^7(L 

Tkj;asury  A(ri;Ni'"s  Ofimok. 

,S7.  I'nuJ  Island,  Moi/ ir,,  /s;r;. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  Hnbmit  the  following  brief  statennMit  IWr 
.voiif  inloruialion:  linnu'dialely  afttM'  my  ])eisoniil  interview  with  your- 
aelf  on  Maicli  -2,  having  \u-c\\  notified  by  the  president  of  tlie  Alaska 
Commercial  (Jotttpittty  that  tiieir  vessel  would  sail  for  the  sciil  islands 
on  or  about  the;  IFith  of  April,  and  also  l)i'ing  infoniied  by  the  district 


ALASKA    IXini.STinES. 


87 


jitlunicy  lor  tlic  district  (»t' California  that  my  preseiitM'  was  rciiuircd 
tlicrriisa  witness  I'or  the  TnittMl  States  iiitlivfaso  iH'iHling  in  tlie  court 
I'or  tiiiil  in  the  sei/.nre  of  sdiooner  >SV(»  7>/V//",  I  lost  iia  time,  l)iit  ]m)- 
(M'cdcd  at  once  to  my  home  in  Fairhaven,  Mass.,  from  whicli  I  started 
f(tr  S;in  Francisco  March  .">(),  arrivin}>'  tiierc  Ai)ril  7, 

The  saiiinjif  of  tiie  steamer  was  delayed  until  Ai)i'il  -1,  and  arrived  at 
r'nahisl^a  May  10.  After  coaling  and  discliarj^inj;'  iVeijilit,  tiie  vessel 
again  left  lor  the  seal  islands,  arriving  at  St.  (Jeorge  on  the  evening  of 
iMayl'and  amaiored,  when  a  boat  came  (»lf,  and  altera  brief  inter- 
vi<'w  with  tiie  oflicer  in  charge.  Assistant  Agent  Siimuel  Falconer,  lie 
nttnrned  lo  (lie  sliore  witli  mail. 

During  the  night  a  severe  gale  came  on,  preventing  all  communica- 
tion witii  the  shore  next  day;  and  on  tlie  day  following  tlie  steamer 
was  driven  to  sea  again,  and  after  two  davs'  storm  she  arrived  at  St. 
i'aiil  Ishmd. 

In  my  brief  interview  with  Assistant  Agent  Samuel  Falconer,  in 
charge  St.  (reorge  Island,  1  learned  of  the  general  good  healtii  of  the 
lieople.  during  tiie  winter  ami  tliat  the  alVairs  of  tlie  island  were  in  a 
satisfactory  condition.  1  have  Just  received  his  report,  copies  of  which 
will  be  submitted  by  next  mail. 

1  am  pleased  to  be  able  to  state  that  I  found  the  general  conditiou  of 
the  jieople  of  this  island  in  an  eciually  satisfactory  condition,  and  a 
mon;  detailed  report  will  be  forwarded  next  mail. 

'i'lic  winter  has  lieen  very  severe  and  large  bodies  of  ice  were  driven 
from  the  north  down  around  the  island  during  Mai(di  and  April,  which 
has  delayed  the  .seals  in  their  landing,  but  they  are  now  ..rriving  in 
greater  numbers  and  promise  to  be  present  in  as  large  numbers  as  usual 
by  the  1st  of  .Tune. 

In  my  rejiort  lo  the  Department  on  the  atfairs  of  the  seal  isLinds, 
«lated  October  11.  ISTo,  for  reasons  therein  set  forth,  I  recommended  the 
number  of  seals  to  be  taken  the  iiresent  year  on  the  St.  I'aul  Is'and  be 
limited  to  7o,()(l0  instead  of  90,0(M>  as  heretofore.  I  believe  the  change 
necessary  for  the  preservation  of  suflicient  nunibcrs  of  male  seals  lor 
breeding  jmrposes,  but  as  I  have  received  no  communication  from  the 
J)epartnieiit  and  have  therefore  no  authority  to  act  in  the  matter  other 
than  by  recommending  to  the  general  agent  of  the  Alaska  Commercial 
Company,  a  vohiiitary  action  on  their  part,  and  am  infornied  by  him  that 
so  well  assured  is  the  Alaska  Commercial  Coniiiany  of  this  necessity 
that  tiicy  will  take  only  75,000  seals  on  St.  Paul  Island  the  jiiesent  year. 
J  also  r(!comniended  that  the  number  to  be  taken  on  St.  (ieorge  Island 
1)(^  lixed  at  l."»,()00  instead  of  10,000  as  heretofore.  This  increase  is 
warranted  by  the  increase  of  male  seals  ou  that  island  the  past  two 
years,  and  seems  the  more  necessary  from  the  fact  that  the  number  of 
peo))le  residing  on  that  island  is  so  large  in  proportion  to  the  number 
of  seals  taken  there  that  the  compensation  received  for  taking  10,000  is 
barely  sullicient  for  them  to  purchase  the  lu'cessities  for  their  living 
with  the  greatest  economy. 

In  my  letter  to  the  Deiwrtment  dated  March  0, 1870,  J  re(|uested  that 
tliere  sliould  bo  furnished  tor  the  use  of  the  oflices  of  the  Treasury 
agents  on  St.  Paul  and  St.  Ceorge  islands  each  a  copy  of  the  Revised 
Statutes  of  the  Ihiited  States;  also  tw  blank  books  for  the  keeping  of 
the  records  of  the  i.slands,  and  a  scale  for  weighing  mail  matter.  As 
none  of  these  hivve  been  received,  or  any  communication  from  the 
J)epartment,  I  must  contdiide  t'.iey  have  gone  to  Sitka.  If  this  is  so,  I 
shall  not  get  them  for  at  least  ouu  year  and  possibly  longer,  and  I  would 


88 


ALASKA    INDl'STUIES. 


again  state  that  us  the  Ahiska  (Joinniercial  (Jompaiiy  only  scikIh  a  ves- 
sel to  these  islands  twice  a  year,  the  only  direct  way  to  forward  mail 
matter  is  to  direct  it  to  their  care,  310  Hansome  stnic^t,  San  Francisco, 
Cal.  Tliis  Company  will  send  one  more  vessel  to  these  islands,  to  leave 
San  Francisco  the  1st  of  Augnst  next,  and  it  is  the  only  opportunity  to 
communicate  this  year. 

Assistant  Treasury  Agent  W.  J.  Mclntyre.  wlio  has  during  the  ])ast 
winter  resided  on  this  island,  is  now  assigned  IWr  duty  on  St.  (leorge 
Island. 

Yours,  respectfully, 

ClIABLKS   r.BVANT, 

Trcnnurii  Af/oit,  hi  (Hitirfie  of  Fur  Seal  fslanil.". 
Hon.  !'►.  11.  HmsTow, 

Sccfcturt/  of  the  Trcasiirii, 


Assistdiif  Af/eiit  Fulconi'r''x  report  o/' a  (fairs  0)1  Sf.  (irnrijc 

Assistant  Tkea.suun  Auknt's  Ujj'ick, 

St.  (Icorgc  Inl<(U(l,  Sfptcmlicr  :.'!>,  isvi:. 

Sir:  From  the  most  careful  observations  obtained  of  the  breeding 
rookeries  this  season,  I  find  that  tliey  are  somewhat  fuller  this  year 
than  last.  Although  tlieir  positions  cliange  a  little  from  year  to  year, 
so  that  it  is  almost  imi)0ssible  to  ascertain  to  a  certainty,  \  et  1  am  ol' 
opinion  they  are  steadily  increasing. 

Tlie  old  bulls,  too,  are  (piite  numerous,  much  more  so  than  they  have 
been  for  the  past  two  or  three  years.  There  is  not  a  sand  sjyit  or  rest- 
ing place  around  the  island  but  on  what  tliey  are  to  be  seen.  I  noticed, 
too,  a  large  number  of  this  class  on  the  outskirts  of  the  rookeries  badly 
used  up  owing  to  their  continued  warfare  with  each  other,  struggling 
for  positions  in  the  harems.  They  were  fearfully  lacerated  about  the 
neck  and  foretlippers;  many  of  them  were  minus  an  eye.  and,  iii  some 
cases,  both  were  out. 

The  most  perceptible  difference  this  season  has  been  with  the  young 
ones,  such  as  are  driven  for  their  skins.  In  pla(!es  where  1,0(10  had  been 
obtained  heretofore,  double  that  number  has  be(?u  taken  tin's  year  at  a 
single  drive.  If  the  5,000  has  not  been  added  to  tliis  island  by  the 
last  session  of  Congress  as  we  recommended  last  year,  I  would  most 
earnestly  recjuest  that  it  be  done  by  the  coming  one,  for  the  island  can 
well  afford  1.5,000  annually.  There  are  no  parties  better  able  to  judge 
and  determine  the  proper  ratio  for  each  island  than  the  resident  agents, 
who  have  had  years  of  experience  and  have  Avatched  the  rookeries 
carefully. 

The  company  began  driving  seals  on  the  1st  of  .luno,  and  secured 
their  mimber  (10,000)  on  the  7th  of  July — all  of  whi(;h  were  shipped 
on  board  their  steamship  St.  Faul  on  the  loth  of  .Inly  last,  as  per  cei'- 
tificate  forwarded  you  at  that  time. 

On  the  19th  of  June  a  small  schooner  appeared  off  the  west  end  of 
the  island,  which  subsequently  proved  to  be;  the  Ci/(f)uf,  of  Santa  Bar- 
bara, Cal.,  aiul  anchored  opposite  Zapadnie  rookery,  on  the  south  side, 
some  little  distance  offshore.  She  did  not  a|)pear  to  engage  in  shoot- 
ing or  spearing  seals,  nor  did  her  crew  attcm|)t  to  land,  ])robably  for 
the  reason  that  the  rookeries  were  well  guarded  by  natives,  who  re- 
mained there  day  and  night. 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIKS. 


8{) 


ill  this  jiositioii  slic  remained  for  eleven  days,  after  wiiidi  slie  touic 
lior  departure  1lM'<)uf>ii  the  nifjlit  and  lias  not  been  seen  here  siiict', 

I  'lave,  however,  learned  through  Cai)tain  Erskine  that  a  small  ves- 
sel answering  her  dciscription  has  been  seen  around  Otter  Island. 
This  is  the  same  little  scliooner  and  captain  that  was  here  killiufj  seals 
two  years  ajj;o  durinj;  my  al)S(>nce  East,  and  was  allowed  to  slip  throu<>h 
the  hands  of  William  J.  Mclntyre,  who  was  then  in  eharge  of  the  island. 

I  am  also  informed  that  the  schooner  Ocean  Spmi/  has  Ix^en  around 
yonr  island  this  season  killing  seals,  and  has  since  been  seized  by  Colo- 
nel Wood,  dei)uty  collector  at  L'nalaska.  and  taken  to  8an  Francisco 
via  Sitka. 

It  would  appear  from  the  way  those  small  ^'essels  are  cruising  around 
our  islands,  shooting  and  spearing  seals  contrary  to  law,  tiiat  the  serv- 
ice of  a  revenue  cutter  is  inuch  wanted.  In  fact,  I  know  of  no  jtart 
of  the  Territory  where  a  cutter  is  any  more  needed  than  here  dur- 
ing the  summer  season,  and  I  would  request  that  the  attention  of  the 
Hetnetary  be  called  to  this  fact,  for  unless  the  islands  are  protected  in 
some  such  way  as  this  there  will  be  others  engage  in  the  enterprise  in 
future. 

No  doubt  captains  or  commanders  of  cutters  will  use  very  plausible 
arguments  against  coming  liere,  but  I  see  no  reason  why  a  vessel  could 
not  visit  the  islands  with  perfect  safety,  say  once  in  ten  days,  with 
headquarters  at  I'niilaska. 

IJeceipts  for  (lover n men t  and  native  coal,  .also  for  2(»  barrels  fish,  have 
been  forwarded  you  in  a  separate  inclosure. 
I  am,  respectfully, 

Samuel  Falconer, 
Ijttte  Assistant  Trraswi/    If/enf. 

Ci\])t  CiiAs.  Bryant, 

Ai/cnt  in  (Uiargc  of  Seal  lslawin. 


II.  II.  Mrhiti/rc.  at/ent  of  Alasla  Commmrial  (Uimpanji ;  poachin;/ 

Hehoonem. 


San  Francisco,  August  ir,,  iS70. 

Siu:  1  regret  to  report  that  the  agents  of  the  (lovernment  and  com- 
pany in  charge  of  the  seal  islands  have  not  been  entirely  successful  in 
protecting  them  from  marauders  during  the  past  sealing  season. 

On  the  l.'Uh  of  June,  1870,  the  schooner  Ocean  Spray,  JJutler,  master, 
brought  to  the  islands  a  piratical  crew,  commanded  by  one  Dr.  Thatcher, 
who  was  formerly  connected  with  a  similar  expedition  in  the  schooner 
Hun  J)ic<io,  and  comprising,  in  addition  to  the  usual  number  of  sailors, 
twenty-six  Indians  from  British  Columbia,  with  an  interpreter  from 
Victoria.  By  stress  of  weather  a  canoe  load  of  Indians,  with  Dr. 
Thatcher,  was  thrown  upon  St.  Paul  Island  after  attempting  unsuccess- 
fully to  gain  a  footing  upon  Otter  Island,  and  from  these  men  we  learned 
that  the  Ocean  Spro}/  is  owned  in  San  Francisco  and  chartered  for  this 
cruise  by  one  Frank  Howell  and  his  jiartner,  by  the  name  of  Nibby  or 
Nibbetto.  From  tiie  admissions  of  Dr.  Thatcher  it  appears  that  he 
intended  to  ])lace  his  entire  force  of  Indians  upon  Otter  Island,  armed 
with  modern  weapons,  and  to  hold  it  against  any  force  from  St.  Paul, 
while  his  crew  proceeded  to  capture  seals  on  and  about  the  islands. 
This  design  was  frustrated  only  by  the  unusual  prevalence  ol"  fog, 


;h) 


AT.ASKA    IXr)T'STRIl> 


wliicli  i'<'sull('(|  ill  I  lirowiiii;  iiiiii  iiitu  our  liiiiiiis.  and  liy  I  lir  ImcI  Dial  liis 
crew  of  1 11(1  ill  lis  iiiiitiiiicd  a  Iter  lie  was  allowod  to  procccil  on  iiis  illc;,Ml 
voyage.  Iiy  Special  Aj^crit  ISiyaiit,  wlio  interfered  uiiwarraiitaldy  and 
contrary  to  his  duty,  as  we  believe,  in  permit  tin};'  I  lie  vessel  and  her 
criminal  eoiiiinaiider  to  escape  after  we  had  I'aiiiy  captured  tJKiin. 

The  Hfdiooner  was  Hiil)se(|nently  seized  by  l)ej»uty  Collectoi'  Woods 
at  I'lialaska  and  taken  to  the  district  oi  Orejuon. 

Oti  the  loth  of  . lime,  187(1,  the  scliooner  Ci/iiiicl  appeared  rill'  ,St. 
Paul  Island,  wImmc  she  still  remained  on  Uie  (late  of  our  departin'(!, 
baviiij;  been  last  seen  as  the  fo}>'  cleared  n])  on  the  1  Itli  of  .Inly.  She 
was  ent;aj;((d  in  sliootiiij;  seals  in  the  Avater,  in  which  she  appearcul  to 
be  very  siicceHsiiil.  On  one  occasion  she  approa(!hed  within  lille  shot 
of  a  densely  jjopiilated  seal  rookery,  wh  re  she  was  obscjrved  by  one  of 
our  employees.  He  states  that  .'>0  shots  were  lired  and  17  seals  taken 
from  the  water  at  this  time  within  two  hours. 

On  another  occasion  the  Ci/fiiicfs  cn'W  etfected  a  landiiiji;- on  Otter 
Island,  wlnne  she  captured,  as  a  count  of  tln^  carcasses  sIiowcmI,  .'IbO 
seals  ill  a  single,  ni<,dit.  The  following?  night  she  was  piirsue(l  Ity  Spe- 
cial Agent  .Mcliilyre  and  Company's  Agent  Adams  and  overtaken,  but 
as  the  lioats  iieared  her  they  were  warned  off  with  the  threat  that  they 
would  be  sunk  if  theycanm  ahnigside. 

The  company's  sclioonei-  (Iciiernl  Miller  wan  sent  in  i)iirsiiit  of  the 
Cyfinel,  in  charge  of  Actitig  Deputy  ('ollector  Armstrong,  (ui   tiie  1st 
instant,  but  as  tin;  latter  vessel  is  a  fast  sailer  it  is  very  doubtl'ul  whether 
the  Milhr  can  overtake  lier. 
1  am,  very  respectfully. 

11.    II.  MclNTVWE, 
(Ifucrol  Af/enf  o/  Alnshn  (loniDitrcinl  CiniiiHUii/, 

Ocil.   J.    I'.    MiLLKE, 

I'risidt-iil  el'  Aliishii  Coiinnriciiil  (JoDiptini/, 

Soil  Fr(i)i(i.srif,  ('ill. 


Spiriiil  Ai/riil  /Ifi/iiiil :  (iiiiiiiiil  report  fit r  ix'/'i. 

TUEAtSURV   AoEN'T'S   OFFICK, 

.S7.  Viuil  Lslititil,  Htplniihttr  :>(!,  Js'/(i, 

Stu:  I  have  the  lumor  to  inform  you  of  the  arrival  at  this  island 
on  the  -L'd  ultimo,  of  Ihe  Alaska  Commercial  (!onipany's  steamer 
St.  I'aiil  laden  with  stores  and  supplies  for  the  seal  islands.  I  received 
no  (iommunieation  from  theDejiartmcnt  by  this  mail.  Assistant  Treas- 
ury Agent  (i(M)rge  iMarston  has  received  two  letters  dated  August  is, 
1S7(>.  niark<!d  "O.  W.  P."  in  tlieui>per  left-hand  corner,  the  (irstiidbrm- 
ing  him  his  appointment  under  the  act  of  Congress  approved  , July  .'Jl, 
1H7G,  as  assistant  Treasury  agent  for  the  seal  tish(>iies  in  Alaska  at  a 
salary  of  *li,l!K)  jier  annum  is  to  be  discontiinuMl  from  September  .'>((, 
1H70.  The  second,  of  the  same  date  and  mark,  is  a  reapi)oint  meiit  under 
aforesaid  a(!t  of  Coiigiess,  approved  July  31,  l.S7(>, as  an  assistantageiM 
for  the  seal  (isherics  at  a  salary  of  8-,(H)()  per  annum  in  jdace  of  Samuel 
Falcone)',  su))erseded,  and  he  is  assigned  to  take  charge  of  St.  (ieorge 
Island  ac(;()rdiiigly.  William  .1.  Mclntyre,  assistant  Treasury  agcnit, 
also  received  a  letter  of  the  same  tenor  jinddate  notityiug  him  that  his 
services  as  assistant  Treasury  agent  are  (lisc(mtiiiued  from  September 
;J0, 1870,  and  he  will  return  to  \\'ashington  per  steamer  St,  I'dul, 


ALASKA    INDIJSTRIKS. 


91 


I  have  tlie  Iidikh' to  siibiiiil  IImH'oII<)\viii<{  hi  irt'  re|)(irl,  on  HhmuikIj 
lion  of  tli(!  Iiir  sciils  iiiid  tin-  ^iciicial  iiHaii's  ot'  tlic  seal  ij-lands  lor  tlic 
jjicsciit,  season  np  to  dati-.  Tlie  lain*'  <inantity  of  drill  ice  from  tlic 
north  tliat  remained  nieltiM}*  annind  tiu;  islanii  dnrin^;  tlie  month  of 
May  so  chilled  the  waters  as  to  delay  tiic  seals  in  tlieir  first  arrival 
twenty  days  later  than  usual.  We  wtMc  al)le  to  make  the  first  drive  for 
native  food  ^lay  L*.">. 

As  soon  as  the  water  became  warmer  they  arrived  more  rapidly,  so 
that  by  the  loth  of  .lunc  they  were  ]»lentifiil  enoiijfh  to  proceed  with  the 
talii'ig  them  tor  skins  with  as  much  dispatch  as  the  number  of  men 
emi»loyedctmld  do  so,  and  up  to  August  li  there  had  been  7!t,l()0  salted, 
including  4,852  left  over  from  l.S7."»  of  animals  taken  for  food  for  natives. 

The  account  is  as  follows: 


Killi.l 


ShiiiH 

HllltCtl. 


Sl:iK<\v. 


I.cl'l  over  Irniii  IMT.'i 1.  :i:;l  4,8')!'  4B« 

I'liUcii  liy  Alii^ka  C.'iiiiinicrciiil  ('iiiiijiiiiiy  Icir  »kiliH   7l,5'i0  74  ri4H  :! 

Koi' I'ciod' fiDhi  AumiHl  III  til  Si-pti'iiiljiT  1 ^  li4H  Oil)  L'9 

Tiiliil HU.ultt  HO.Ul'J  r.oo 

Soal  skins  shippcil  lis  per  di I illcatos : 

.IiilVJT ri5,5:i8 

Scph'iiii)ii-L'ii 'j4,;i'j'j 

Total 7!l.  8(30 

Showing  a  difference  betwcMMi  the  counting  when  salted  and  when 
delivered  of  159  less  skins. 

in  my  report  dated  October  11,  1875,  tor  reasons  therein  set  forth,  I 
recommended  that  the  number  of  seals  to  be  taken  on  this  (St.  Paul) 
island  be  limited  to  7(t.0(»(>  instead  of  '.»0,()(K»as  heretofore,  but  receiving 
no  authority  to  do  so  the  matter  was  left  to  the  discretion  of  their  agent 
by  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company,  and  so  well  satisfied  was  ho  of 
the  necessity  of  a  reduction  in  the  ipiota  that  he  decided  to  t.ake  only 
S(>,()()0. 

The  weather  proved  very  favorable  for  the  seals  until  .Inly  10,  when 
heavy  rains  fell,  accompanie*!  with  high  winds,  and  it  has  continued 
with  little  variation  up  to  date.  This,  occurring  as  it  did  just  at  tlic 
time  the  females  were  leaving  their  young,  has  resulted  in  a  much  greater 
loss  ot  young  seals  than  usual. 

The  condition  of  the  dil'fcrent  classes  of  seals  as  they  have  returned 
to  the  island  shows  that  the  scarcity  of  full-grown  breeding  males  still 
continues,  theproi»(ntion  on  the  rookeries  being  1  to  17  females;  this,  in 
accordance  with  the  result  of  my  observation,  should  be  1  to  10  females. 
Where  the  females  are  so  greatly  in  excess  they  fail  of  being  impreg- 
nated for  their  young  during  their  first  heat  and  go  over  until  their 
second  heat,  when  the  old  males  have  nearly  all  left  the  island  and 
herd  with  the  younger  males  on  the  hauling  grounds.  As  their  period 
ot  gestation  is  a  year,  they  bear  their  youiig  a  month  later,  which  gives 
it  that  less  time  to  inatiue  strength  for  following  the  mother  to  sea  at 
th(i  eiul  of  the  seasor 

It  is  particularly  (  jcrvable  this  year  that  a  very  large  immber  of 
the  young  seals  have  been  i»roduce(l  a  month  later  than  formerly,  and 
they  are  still  hovering  on  the  rookeries  with  their  mothers,  too  young 
to  go  into  the  water.  The  taking  of  80,000  instead  of  !»;t,000  this  year 
leaves  KKOilO  more  5  yeai' olds  to  increase  the  breeding  males,  but  as 
these  will  not  mature  for  service  on  the  breeding  ground  until  two  years 


!'-  AI,AM<A    H^i,(:)^tt<1i-M. 

iildci',  I   still  should  rccoiiiiiH'mJ   limt   Uti-   Cif-xl   yciir  tin-  (jiiotii  (if  this 
i»liiii(l  slutuld  he  liiiiitcil  l(»  .S(),0<M^ 

Tho  I'enialos  do  not  land  until  n-My  ft*  \ft<H\nn-  their  voiinj;-.  iuid  for 
the  foicfioinii-  rciisoiiH  liavr  Ijwjj  UW^  Hutu  u<.\[;\],  but  th'cv  sliow  iimplt! 
cvidonci^  of  an  incieuHc  of  A  oJ'  0  iH-r  t-^n  ttvpr  hist  year!  Of  tlui  liol- 
Inschickic,  or  yoimK  males,  bciwwj^  t^t^  ,f^(,^  (,f  ^  and  n  years  there  is 
qiiito  a  visible  increase  shown  by  tlw-^  j/^tii^ftt\(,n^  wlien  seals  are  driven 
in  to  kill  for  food  siiuu^  the  quota  vsjn*  m{^ 

The  number  of  tin;  yearliu{<s  oy  J*«i  ft^ftf^  j»ui>s  that  have  returned 
to  the  island  is  f;reatei'  than  any  yt^ar  itUttp  f.H72,  This  -would  indicate 
that  the  eondition  of  their  lite  tiutwu  Ihf  f)ast  winter  while  absent 
from  the  island  had  been  more  fas'tiaM*',  m(\  that  the  loss  or  deatrue 
tion  from  their  enemies  had  Ixm-jj  K-*  lit^tu  crTdiriary.  These  classes  all 
show  a  considerable  in(;rease  in  n>inti/f^'  ^/Urt-r  last  year. 

The  civil  alVairs  of  the  natives  ha^f.  im-ii  administered  by  the  cliiefs 
as  lieretofore.    There  has  beejj  f*HMtU(tith]c.  drunkenness  from  beer 
made  by  themselves  from  fermeutJwj;  mmt  and  (lour  on  eliureli  lioli 
days,  l)ut  no  serious  distllrban<•4^ 

Their  account  was  niiide  up  and  Umr  Hnim\\  division  of  the  seal  fund 
made  August  1),  the  amount  U)  i\mr  f^-.f^ht  bein^ 

7it,2tl  prinio  h(';i1  skins,  at  40  <<;utg .-,•.•.•.. ^'M  0!Mi.  10 

7r)lt  cut  seal  Hkins,  at  20  <'eiitN ' ' '  ]51.h0 

18!'  sea-lion  skins,  at  00  centf ••-.•.. .'.  U.S. 40 

Total m. !)()!.  00 

This  was  divided  by  theui  as  M|/a*>:  two  first  class  shares  were 
allowed  toward  the  ])aymeijt  of  lU^if  ot^  church,  two  for  the  resident 
priest  and  one  for  the  archpriest  »i  Hmht^^kn,  and  a  donation  of  $10(1 
to  Kazan  Shisenekofi'.  a  native  U'*^i4ioif  U(^ti  who  has  no  share  of  the 
sealing. 


f'lasH. 


'NuMiAtiii-r'.f'  .it,',iy,t<. 


Viiliin  iif 


■r.iliil. 


l''irat 114.111  *l 

Scooiid I  11),  iit  auwulB 

Tliinl !  8,  at  KU  ca-vU  . 

Fourl  li ,  a,  at  7u  ci'ijti) 

Kazan  Sliisinielioir ; 


Total  . 


•f  i78.  W 
310. 50 
302.  72 
204.  8S 


■1124,271.  Oil 

4,427,28 

2.421.70 

794.04 

100.01) 

:!l,U«1.2»t 


This  division  ditfevs  from  foJin«r  ymfM  h,  mukiii';'  only  three  classes 
for  the  sealers  instead  of  foui,  noti  i^fthfi  a(.art  a.  fourth  das.s,  com- 
l)osed  of  thcAvidows  and  fauiiJii'^d/^' Miift  scalers  deceased  during  the 
year  previous.  They  say  that  this  ^imtfip.  h  necessary,  as  the  ageutof 
the  Alaska  Commercial  <.'o»ipany</;^^>.f./,t^(bc,f,rtiele  J2  of  tiie  company's 
regulations  in  requiring  them  u,  ^^,^>ttfi.  iht^  widows  to  mean  only  neces- 
sary articles  of  subsistence.  'J')j*y  *j^|i^  f,hi.«,  share  given  for  a  fund  to 
enable  them  to  buy  from  time  to  tUm  *rtfh  <»ther  articles  as  their  com- 
fort and  convenience  retjuiie. 

The  islands  have  been  fully  sup|;JM  Wffh^]\  such  articles  as  the  com- 
fort and  convenience  of  the  nativ*'*  rHt^tiitH^,  except  the  article  of  coal 
for  sale.  The  last  wint<'r  was  Mmmn^m  kuti^  and  severe.  The  drift  ice 
from  the  north  remaining  about  IiIm;  M^rtcl  until  late  in  May  rendered 
a  larger  supply  of  coal  than  was  onUmf'tiy  ^i^cessary.  I  have  the  as.sur- 
ance  of  the  general  agent  of  th*-  A<M*fe;*r7/mmercial  Company  that  this 
contingency  will  be  luovid'^l  toj  nt  fi^intc. 


I 


ALASKA    INDrSTklES. 


\m 


III  ii'Kiuil  •'•  tlui  (Uitiiilsot  atlairs  on  .St. (Icorfic,  Islinid,  I  liuvc  ti»  htiito 
Miiil  I  iiiii  ill  inccipt,  ot'ii  copy  ofii  ceiiillcatoot' the  slii|iiiiciit;  of  tlic,  full 
i|ii(itii  oI'mciiI  Hkiiisat  tliiifc  island  (10,000),  .Inly  I."(,  IMTO,  accuiiipiiiiicid  by 
ii|)iivat(i letter IVoin  Assistant  Treasury  Af^ontSainiiei  ['"aleoiier, statin^f 
tlmf,  liis  lull  report  would  bo  forwarded  to  this  olliee  on  (lie  reliiiiiof 
tiie  Mteaiiier  iS7.  I'inil,  The  woatlier  oblit^ed  the,  steaiiier  to  pass  tlie 
i^laiid  on  her  way  hitiier  witliout  landiii};',  and  aH  siie  will  not  rcftiirii 
liertMifter  >,'o'iii;;  there.  I  have  no  information  of  later  date  than  thatcor- 
lilleiite,     I  wish  to  call  especial  attention  to  this  point: 

I  ■ndertlieorini  "ill  act  of  Congress  autiiori/iiiK:  the  lease  of  these  islands, 
appioverl  ,liily .'(0,  ls7(»,  from iinperfe(!t  inl'oriiiation  eoiHM'inin;,'  the  iiiiin- 
IxM'  of  Heals  l)r(;edin|i;'  on  St.  (icorge  island,  the  ])roportioii  of  the  (ptota 
for  that  JKland  was  li.\edatli."),000andSt.  I'aiil  at  70,000.  It  was  Ion nd  in 
IHT.'J,  from  information  liased on  actual  ol)8ervation,  that  this  proportion 
did  noteonespond  with  the  true  i)roportionof  numbers  of  seals  breeding 
on  the  two  islands,  and  the  lU'oportion  was  ehaiij^ed,  j;ivin^'  to  the,  islainl 
of  HI,  I'aiil  00,0(»0  and  St.  (reorine  JO,(J()0  per  annum.  As  (he  island  of 
St.  (;(!oi(,'e  had  (»iie-third  of  the  native  iioinilation,  this  deensase  in  the 
number  of  seals  taken  there  worked  a  great  hardship  in  de|»riviiig  them 
of  (he,  meaiiH  of  their  seeessary  support,  and  to  obviate  this  a  p(utiou 
of  the  number  <d"  sealers  were  ])ermitted  to  coiiu!  o\  or  and  reside  during 
the  sealing  seasons  of  liS71-75  on  St.  Paul,  and  assist  in  taking  the 
iiKireasetl  number  of  that  island  and  in  sharing  in  the  jiroeeeds.  This 
gave  some,  dissatisfaction  to  the  natives  of  St.  I'aiil,  ho  (hat  when  it 
biicame,  necessary  for  nie  to  recommend,  as  J  did  in  my  report  dated 
October  II,  IH7r»,  a  reduction  in  number  of  seals  to  Ix  taken  on  St.  Paul 
Isliind,  for  reasons  therein  set  forth,  1  recommended  that  the  ])roitortion 
for  HI.  (iciMge  slumld  be  increased  o,000.  This  was  not  done.  These 
same,  reasons  being  now  in  full  force,  I  would  again  recommend  that 
the  ijiiota  for  St.  (Jeorgo  be  (ixed  at  ir),()0(»  per  anniiin,  as  the  rapid 
iimreiihe  of  male  sea  s  on  that  island  sinc(^  tlu!  reduction  of  its  ipiota  in 
l«7.'5will  fully  warrant  this  increase.  Tliis,  v,ithH(»,00()  on  St.  l'aul,will 
niak(!  the  lull  (piota  for  both  islands  Oo.OOO  for  1877. 

Uespectfiilly  referring  to  my  report  Irom  this  island  dated  .luly  130, 
informing  the  Department  of  attempts  by  unknown  jiarties  lo  take  seals 
from  Otter  Island,  I  would  further  state  thatOlter  Islmid  is  a  small 
islet  adja(!e,nt  to  St.  Paul,  being  <>  miles  distant  from  its  most  southern 
jioiiit  in  a  southwest  direction  and  8  miles  distant  from  the  villajic  It 
is  about  1  mile  long  and  one-half  mile  in  breadth,  and  contains  an  esti- 
mated area  of  laU  acres.  It  lies  with  its  longest  diameter  ]»arallel  to 
Hi,  Paul.  Its  two  ends  and  farther  side  are  bold.  pie(Mi)itous  binds, 
rising  directly  from  the  water  from  50  to  2.00  feet  iii  height ,  allbrdiug  no 
landing  for  boats  and  scarcely  for  seals.  From  its  rim  like  edge  it 
idopcM  g(!ii(ly  (o  the  shore  of  the  northeast  side,  ])reseiiting  its  slightly 
concave  surface  to  view  from  St.  Paul  like  the  sifle  of  I  he,  roof  of  a  house, 
so  that  in  a  clear  day  any  object  the  size  of  a  man  nniving  on  its  surfa(!o 
can  be,  seen  from  the  hill  in  the  rear  of  the  village  on  the  lat'er  island, 
in  this  way  the  parties  were  discovered  on  the  Uiith  of  .hiiie,  as  stated 
in  my  report  of  .)nly2(i.  On  this  side  is  the  boat  landing,  and  that  is 
avaiialile  only  in  a  smooth  sea  when  there  is  no  fuirf.  This  inclined 
plane,  alfmds  a  most  convenient  hauling  ground  for  s(!als,  but  there;  is 
no  breeding  ro')keiy  there,  nor  do  any  female  seals  visit  the  island. 

It  is  the  habit  of  the  young  male  seals,  from  2  to  5  years  old,  to  return 
lo  tlu!  i  •land  at  the  same  time  as  the  old  ones,  but  bein;^  prevented  from 
landing  on  the  breeding  places  l)y  the  latter,  tlieir  only  object  is  to  seek 
Moine  oilier  resting  place,  where  rhey  can  lay  at  rest  and  wait  until  old 


u 


A1-A>KA     INItl  Sl'l;li;S. 


.111(1  slum;;  t'iioii};h  to  t'oiitiMid  U)V  tlu'ii- Hliaro  in  llic  luiiiiilcs.  lu  tliits 
way  iVmii  ">.(•(•()  t()(i,(i(i()  yoimi;  iniik's^utlKU' annually  diiiiii''-  tiii^  niontlis 
of  .liMK!  and  'lidy  on  tlio  island, '.vhcru  tlioy  remain  until  about  the  lotii 
of  Aut;Mst,  wlioii  tlie  bioedinff  rookeries  break  up  and  tiic  females  },'oiu 
the,  waler.  These  then  leave  tlieir  liauliii};  t;round  and  };o  in  tin*  water 
with  I  hem.  and  IVoin  thiit  time  not  more  tiian  lifty  toone  hundred  seals 
are  t'oniid  liaided  np  on  the  island.  These  seals  are  produced  <>n  St. 
I'anI  Island,  and  are  as  much  a  ])art  ol'  its  rookeries  as  thonjih  Olti^r 
Island  was  attached  to  and  a  ])art  of  St.  Paul,  and  the  killin<;'  oi'  seals 
there  w«)uld  have  the  same  etfect  nn  the  rookeries  of  the  latter  as  if 
taken  on  it. 

in  hazy  weather  vesscils  can  sifflit  this  island  in  the  daytime  without 
heiiifi'  seen  and  in  the,  nij^lit  run  in  under  its  hi};h  blulfa  and  aiudior, 
coMiplelely  concealed  from  observation  from  St.  I'anl,  while  tlieir  boats 
can  land  and  take  seals,  knowin<;'  that  a  boat  approachinj;'  from  St. 
i'anl  can  be  seen  in  ami)le  time  to  escape  to  a  safe  distance;  so  that 
the  only  sure  way  to  prevent  these  raids  is  to  keep  a  party  of  natives 
on  the  island,  as  has  been  done  this  year. 

It  is  well  known,  that,  from  some  oversight  in  framing  the  act  of  .Inly 
.'30,  JS70.  authorizing  the  lease  of  St.  Paul  and  St.  (ieorge  islands,  this 
island  was  not  included  in  that  act,  and  that  the  ])eualties  i)rescribe(l  in 
thiit  act  do  not  attach  to  Otter  island,  and  many  believe  it  to  be  entirely 
without  the  )iroteetion  of  law. 

Iiidei'  these  conditions  the  high  prices  obtained  for  seal  skins  are-  a 
strong  teni])tation,  and  it  is  to  be  exjieeted  that  these  attem]»ts  will  be 
rei)eated,  ]>articularly  while  the  risk  of  detection  and  capture  is  so 
slight.  I  would  therefoie  reconimeml  that  such  legislation  be  obtained 
in  this  matter  as  will  extend  the  penalties  of  the  act  of  .Inly  30,  1870, 
over  this  Otter  Island,  ])laeing  it  on  the  same  footing  in  relation  to  the 
law  as  St.  i'anl  ami  St.  George  islands. 

So  great  a  jtortion  of  the  weather  during  the  sealing  season  renniins 
foggy  that  th(!  only  sure  protection  of  the  seals  against  being  disturbed 
on  this  island  is  to  have  a  party  stationed  on  it. 

To  do  this  ]»r<i])erly  a  house  sluiuld  be  built  with  snllicieut  room  to 
accommodate  an  ollicer  ami  live  natives  to  serve  as  a  boat's  crew.  Sucli 
a  house,  with  stove  and  tixtures,  coiUd  be  built  liere  at  an  expense  not 
to  exceed  S;?00. 

During  the  months  of  .luue  ami  .luly  the  natives  of  St.  I'aul  wouhl 
all  be  retjuired  to  work  at  sealing,  and  the  men  could  not  be  obtained 
for  a  boat's  crew;  but  at  I'nalaska  iilenty  of  men  could  be  employed  at 
a  rate  of  >'20  per  month,  which  would  atnount  to  JjslJOO  in  gross  for  the 
two  months.  A  Iter  the  sealing  season  was  over  these  could  be  returned 
to  Umilaska  and  men  furnished  from  here  at  very  slight  exi)ense. 

Should  the  Department  decide  to  autlnui/e  the  carrying  out  of  any  of 
the  foregoing  suggestions  by  furnishing  the  proper  aiithority,  1  could 
purchase  t  he  material  and  have  the  house  built  here,  but  the  boat  wouhl 
inive  to  be  i)rocured  ami  forwarded  I'roni  San  Francisco,  with  all  its  fur 
nishings — sail,  oars,  com))ass,  anchor,  etc.  These  could  be  purchased 
and  shiiiped  to  me  by  the  collector  of  that  jwrt. 

There  is  no  sui)ply  of  good  fresh  water  ou  Otter  Island,  and  all  their 
sui)i»lies  would  have  to  be  carried  from  this  place. 

I  would  further  state  that  owing  to  the  swift  and  changeable  (Mirrents 
in  the  straits  between  the  islands,  the  frequent  and  long-continued  fogs, 
the  passage  <»f  o))en  boats  from  island  to  island  is  very  hazardous, 
(ixposiiig  the  party  to  tlie  chances  of  being  lost  for  a  day  or  two  at  a 


ALASKA    INIXJSTIUKS. 


95 


time,  iind  lo  avoid  tir-i  risk  it,  would  Ic  dcsiralilc  to  liavc  ii  iainc  sailiii;; 
boat  of  s  or  1(1  tons,  larfje  ouoiij^h  to  bo  sale  in  a  moderate  storm, and 
dt'ckod  over,  so  tliat,  in  tlioevcntot'hcinj; canylit  in  a  fo;^  lor  tin  co  or  four 
days,  the  iTcw  would  b(^  safe- and  (tomlbrtalde.  I'or  surli  a  boat  thfieis 
a  j;<)od  and  sale  hari)or,  Mitli  I  i'cct  dral't  of  water.  Sncli  a  boat  would 
be  veiy  uselnl  in  |)itrsiiinj;-or  (•ai)turinj,'  Nessels  wliicli  should  attemi»t  to 
shoot  seals  near  the  shore.  In  this  way  I'ldler  itr(»teetion  could  be  given 
to  (he  interests  of  the  (lovernnient  here  and  at  much  less  expense  than 
by  sending  a  revenue  cutter  into  these  waters. 

I  would  further  state  thai  sucli  a  boat  as  is  re(|iiiied  tor  tlie  ollicer 
that^  should  lake  charge  of  Otter  Island  is  also  much  needed  by  tlio 
ollieer  in  charge  here  for  the  purpose  of  boarding  sus])icious  vessels 
and  Ibr  visiting  distant  points  of  the  island  in  the  care  of  the  seals. 
One  would  do  tor  both  purposes,  and  1  therefoK^  would  most  respect- 
fully reinu'st  tliat  such  a  boat  l)e  furnished  this  station,  with  authority 
to  emjdoy  crev.s  in  eases  of  boarding  vc.sels  disturbing  the  seals. 
I  have  the  honor  to  remain,  yours,  respectfully, 

ClIAIM.KS    ItR-SANT. 

'rrcdKtirii  A  (/int.  in.  Clnirijc  of  l<tul  Inhnids, 

Jlon.  Lot  M.  .Moijimli,. 

iScc>'rt(ii\i/  ol'  llir  'rn((sin'!i. 


Iiiiloaiirv  irilh  Spiriiil  .lijciil  lirijdiil'x  hhiiiihI  niunt  for  /V,''.'.-  HliippiiK/  rcceiiiln. 

TREA8XI1JY   AGF.N'J'S   Ori'ICE, 

St.  I'aul  iNlaiKl,  •lull! ;.'} ,  1876. 

SiK :  1  hereby  (certify  that  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company  has 
this  day  shipped  on  board  the  steamer  St.  Paul  5.5,.'>;}S  fur-seal  skius 
of  the  quota  for  this  island  for  1870.  The  steamer  also  has  on  board 
J(),000  fur-seal  skins  4iii)ped  duly  lo  from  tSt.  George  Island,  being  the 
full  (juota  for  that  islaud  this  year. 

CnAKLEs  15rva>-t, 
'rnasiirii  Ajicnt.  in  Chaiije  of  Seal  Iskouii. 

Collector  (»i"  Ci  stoms, 

San  Francinrc,  ('(tl. 


Tkea.sury  Arni^NT's  Office, 

St.  1^(1  111  Ishinil,  ScjitcnilK')' ;.'(!,  1870. 

Sii; :  1  hereby  certify  that  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company  has 
this  day  shiiijjed  (ui  board  the  steamer  St.  Paul  24,3l.'2  fur-seal  skins 
of  the  quota  for  1870. 

Yours,  respectfully,  Charlks  Bryant, 

Trm,sin->i  Aiiinl,  in  Charge  of  Seal  IsIiiuiIk. 

(Joi.LI'.CTOR    OF   CUST0:\1S, 

Snn  Franvixco,  Cal. 


hi; 


ALASKA    lNDl!STUIhi8. 


1877. 

Axuislniit  .[iii)it  Miiiilliiu  ;  report  an  (if/eiit  in  chiirfir,  iliir'nuj   ilhirts  of 

iSpevial  Agent  Morton, 

TllKAMUUV    AOKNI'S   t)l'l'l(lK, 

St.  I'aul  Inland,  Aiifiiint  I,  isi;. 
81  u:  I  hiivo,  tho  lioiior  to  report  tliiit.  Mr.  Morton  is  too  ill  to  iiiuke 
liis  report  in  timo  for  this  stuamer.     A  full  report  will  bo  forwarded  at 
a  later  date.    1  can  say  for  Mr.  Morton  that  tho  condition  of  the  inland 
is  most  satisfactory. 

Inclosed  i)lease  lind  my  report  of  the  condition  of  iSt.  (leortfc  Island, 
also  copies  of  the  certillcates  of  shipment  i»f  I'm  seal  skins  from  both 
islaiuls.  Alter  I  had  counted  tiio  skins  on  l)oard  at  St.(leorjj[u(lOi""0) 
I  took  passage  on  board  the  steamer  aS'/.  I'unl  for  this  island  to  relievo 
Mr.  Morton,  who  was  to  }^(»  to  the  States,  lie  is  too  ill  to  leave  by  this 
steamer,  but  will  leave  at  a  later  date. 

1  have  counted,  on  board  the  steamer  tit,  r<iul,  (K),."»l'(»  far  seal  skins 
taken  from  this  island,  making;  a  total  for  the  two  islands  of  7'>,'r2{). 

I  have  forwarded  to  the  collector  of  customs  in  San  I'rancisco  copies 
of  the  inclosed  certificates. 

\'ery  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

.1.  11.  Mkulton. 
TrfUHurij  Af/rnf  <>/'  Seal  t'inlirrlcs. 

Hon.    .lollN    SUKKMA.N, 

iScrrctari/  0/  the  Treanurtf,   Wtishiniiton,  I),  (J. 


Inrluniiir  H'illi  .hiiiiilaiil  Ai/inl  Moiilloire  Uller  iif  .iitijiiiit  I.  IST'!  ;  leiiinl  ol'  iipaii-x  mi 

St.  (riori/e  for  J,S)7. 

TkEASI:UY  AltKNT'S  Ol-l'ICE, 

*S7.  Oeorye  Inland,  Alaska,  'hthj  :Js,  18?7. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  report  that  the  sealing-  season  of  1.S77  com- 
menced June  1,  ended  July  10.  The  total  number  of  seals  taken  duriii}? 
the  season  was  15,000.  During  the  month  of  tlune  there  Avere  taken 
0,987.    This  is  the  highest  number  ever  taken  in  the  month  of  June. 

The  following  statement  will  show  from  where  tUe  seals  were  taken: 

Sturry  Ateel  uiul  North  Rookeries 7,  010 

KiiHt  Rookery (!,  (iOl 

/iipaduie  Hookery 1,  ;WJ 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  above  statement  that  there  were  taken  from 
Zai)aduie  but  1,389.  The  reason  so  few  were  taken  from  that  jtlace  was 
owing  to  the  season  being  verj' unfavorable  for  driving  seals  so  far, the 
distance  being  5  miles  from  the  village.  I  think  it  will  be  advisable  to 
take  at  least  5,000  from  there  the  next  season,  and  they  should  be 
salted  on  that  side  of  the  island.  To  attempt  to  drive  that  many  seals 
to  the  village  would  result  in  great  loss  to  the  Government. 

The  total  loss  to  the  Government  the  past  year  is  2,042.  lielow  is  a 
statement  of  the  loss  during  the  past  year: 

I'lijis  killed  i'or  native  food  iu  Xoveniber,  1870 1,  500 

I'ujjs  killed  by  boys  tbrouj;h  mischief,  September,  1870 55 

Seals  died  from  beat  uud  exhaustion 1 25 

Seals  killed  for  native  food  in  October,  1870 •- 187 

Skins  cut  and  rejected  by  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company,  season  of  1S77. . .  175 


ALASKA    INIUISTHIKH. 


1)7 


7,010 
(!,  (101 

i,:{HO 


The  !>'»  |)ii|)s  killed  by  boys  were  stoned  tod*  itli  under  (lie  »lit1'.s.  It 
ii))|.i'ar.s  tVoni  tlic  rrcoids  in  tliiHoHicc  tlinl  some  utlbitwus  made  to  diH- 
cover  tilt;  t,'uilty  purtics.  hut  witiioni  success. 

All  the  rookeries  lire  in  excelleiil  c  audition  and  show  a  lur^e  inereasii 
over  last  year.  The  rookeries  and  liauiiii};  ^jroiiiids  show  an  iiieieasool' 
at  least  3.'J,\  per  cent  over  last  year.  This  increase  is  seen  in  all  <lasses 
(d' seals.  The  breediiifjifiokeries  are,  S'>  full  tiiisyear  thattiu!  bulls  and 
cowH  be};an  to  cover  parts  nt  the  haiUinjf  jjronnds.  'I'ln*  chief  of  the 
natives  informs  me  that  lie  hau  never  seen  so  nniny  seals  on  the  island 
before. 

The  school  closed  dune  1,  and  the  jirofiicss  made  by  the  schohirs  \\a.> 
(|uite  satisfactory.     The  avera;i('  attciidanct;  was  L'l. 

The  (general  health  of  tiie,  island  is},'ood.  Since  August  1, 187(1,  tlier^ 
have  been  7  births  and  lodeaths.  Since Octobei,  I. S7(t,  thert^  have  1  cii 
41  (heaths  and  10  births.  The  ]iresent  native  po[»uiation  is  ',)S,  d-  ded 
as  follows: 


MttlUH. 

I» 

19 
4 

Feniuloa. 

27 

17 

12 

'J'ot  111 

42 

50 

: ^-:;^:; 

WillDWH 

KaiiiiliOH 


B 
87 


There  has  been  but  very  little  ipias  drinking  on  t\w  island  since  my 
arrival  in  May,  and  as  a  {general  tiinig  the  natives  have-  been  orderly 
and  industrious.    Their  earnings  for  the  past  year  foot  ni)  .it!t,118. 

The  coal,  salt,  and  salmon  for  native  use  have  been  delivered  to  me, 
andareof  {>ood(|uality.  Thesuppliesfuriiished  the  widows  and  orphans 
are  abundant  and  of  good  (piality,  and  all  goods  for  sale  to  the  natives 
are  lirst-class  and  sold  to  them  at  not  more  than  'St  percent  above  cost 
jirice  in  San  Francisco.  The  terms  of  the  lease  on  the  part  of  the 
lessees  are  being  carried  out  in  good  faith. 

In  my  efforts  to  prevent  drniikeiiness  and  maintain  order  on  the  island 
I  have  received  the  cordial  support  of  the  agent  of  the  Alaska  Oom- 
mercial  Company. 

I  have  granted  jjermission  to  Kofi'  IMiilimonotf  and  IMaton  Vicoloff 
to  visit  the  island  of  St.  I'aul  and  remain  during  the  coming  winter. 

The  Alaska  Commercial  Company's  steamship  (S7.  /'rtH/ arrived  today 
and  took  on  board  15,000  seal  skint;  for  .sliipmeut  to  San  Francisco. 
liich»sed  jdease  find  duplicate  coi)ies  of  certificate  of  the  same. 
Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

.1.  11.  Moiri.ToN, 
Tnusurji  A(icnf,  St.  (Icorgc  IslatuL 

J.  M.  Morton,  l']sq., 

Trcdificry  Agent,  in  Charyc  of  tScal  Itilanda, 
H.  Doc.  *J2 7 


1,  500 

.55 

125 

187 

175 


98 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


Jndomtrca  with  Asiiixltiiil  AijenI  Moiilldii'n  report  of  AuijuM  I,  IS77 ;  shipping  reieipts. 

Island  oi'  St.  (iKoKcii;,  .liihi  JS,  1877 
'I'liis  is  to  certify  tluit  1,"),0(I0  fiir-ni!iil  skiiLS  liavo  this  (l;iy  been  sliippcd  ou  board  the 
Alaska  Comiuercial  t'omjiauy's  steamer  St.  Paul,  boimil  for  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

.1.  H.  Moi'l.Tox,  AnsiHtaiit  Treasury  Afjeiit. 

Island  ok  St.  Tail,  Ah<ju«I  3,  IS77. 
'I'liis  irt  to  ccrtily  tbat  (IO,">.'f!  I'lir-soal  skins  have  this  ilay  been   shiplied  on   board 
the  Alaska  Connnercial  ('<)nil>any"s  steamer  St.  I'nnI,  Ixiiiiid  lor  San  I'raiiciseo,  Cal. 

.1.   II.   .Moi'LiON,  Axifislaiit  Triusurij  Ai/eiit. 


Assistant  A()ciit  Mtmlton;  report  of  a/l'iiirs  on  islands  diirinfi  illness  of 

iSj)cci<(l  Aijcnl  Morton. 

TkKASIIK\     A(!KNT'S   Ol'KICE, 

St.  !'(uil  Island,  September  , 'Jo,  1S77. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  report  that  owiii"-  to  the  serious  illness  of 
]Mr.  J.  M.  .Alortoii,  Treasury  ayeut,  he  is  unable  to  complete  hi.s  report 
on  the  seal  islands  in  time  to  forward  it  by  the  revenue  cutter  liiehard 
lin.'ih,  Avhich  is  due  here  about  tiie  I'.Sth  instant.  He  is  at  present  im- 
]trovin<j,  and  without  doubt  will  be  able  to  complete  it  within  a  very 
short  time. 

I  am  authorized  by  Mr.  ilorton  to  state  that  the  condition  of  aifairs 
on  the  seal  islands  is  satisfactory;  that  no  clianfic  in  the  ])re.sent  rules 
relative  to  the  takin<^  of  seals  is  deemed  necessary:  and  that  the 
Alaska  Commercial  ('ompanj-  have  fullilled  the  terms  of  their  lease  in 
every  respect.  I  am  further  authorized  to  state  that  Mr.  .Morton,  being 
too  ill  to  avail  himself  of  the  leave  {^ranted  him  to  be  ab.sent  from  the 
islaiul  duriiio'  the  i)resent  winter,  has  sent  for  his  family  to  join  him  in 
the  sprinj"',  with  the  view  oi  his  remaininj;'  here  some  leiifjth  of  time 
before  visiting  the  States — at  any  rate,  during-  next  year  and  ]terhaps 
the  foUowing. 

j\Ir,  Morton,  being  out  of  danger  and  improving  in  health,  has  directed 
that  i  rcmirn  to  St.  George  Island  the  first  favorable  opportunity. 
Very  resi)ectfully,  your  obedient  sei'vant, 

J.   II.  Moi^LToN,  Treasury  A(jent. 
Hon.  John  Sherman. 

ISecreluri/  of  tlie  'J'rcasitrij,  \Vasltin(jlon,  1>.  C. 


d( 


Special  Aijent  llrifant ;  annual  report  for  Js77.^  prerious  to  his  removal 
front  ojjiee  of  spceial  atjent  in  eliartje. 

Fairiiavkn,  Mass.,  August  1,  Js77. 

Sir:  1  have  the  honor  to  sulunit  the  following  brief  rejjort  on  the 
aifairs  of  the  seal  i.slands  from  the  date  of  my  last  rei)ort,  dated  Sep- 
tember liO,  187<l,  to  May  15,  1877,  at  which  datt;  the  oHice  ami  ])roiterty 
of  the  Treasury  agency  was  delivered  to  my  succie.ssor,  .lohn  M.  Mor- 
ton, who  had  arrived  at  the  island  the  evening  jncviou.s. 

A  I'eference  to  my  report  of  September  l'(i  will  show  that  the  weather 


CO 
CO 

CO 
re 

CO 

() 

•<^ 
th 


>r(d 


I 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


99 


from  -FnlylO  up  to  <latc  liiul  been  (;xce])t:ioiiall.v  unfavoniblo  to  the  wel 
lUreoltlioyoiui}^ seals, and  liad  resulted  in  a  j^reaterlosstliaii  in  ])i'cvioiis 
years.  Tliis  couditidii  of  iiii<'avoral)Ie  \veatlier,\vitli  lic(iueiit  and  severe 
storms,  coiitimied  fliroiiffli  tlu!  wlioh^  season  ;  October  . "50  and  31  a  severe 
fjale  occurred,  ac<'umj»ani<'d  witli  a  heavy  fall  of  snow,  eoverinj,'  the 
breediii}^- grounds  to  tlie  dejttli  of  10  indies, wliicli  drove  all  tlieseals  into 
tiie  water.  When  the  storm  <;eas(rd,  the  snow  nu'lted,  and  lar.ine  num- 
bers of  the  females  rctuined  to  the  shore  without  their  young,  and 
renuiined  several  days  searcliing  and  calling  to  (ind  them, and  then  left 
the  island  for  tlu^  winter.  As  many  of  th('.>:e  young  seals  thus  driven 
into  the  water  by  the  storm  and  snow,  for  reasons  stated  in  my  report 
of  ^September  I'd,  were  too  young  to  live  in  tlieroughsea,  it  is  apparent 
tliat  a  very  considerable  loss  in  the  jjrodiictof  this  year  is  to  be  looked 
f(  ;  and  as  the  time  that  these  matuic.  for  the  taking  of  their  skins  at 
3  years  old  will  be  the  season  of  iS7!),  careful  at-fenlion  should  then  be 
given  to  guard  against  th(!  eiVect  of  this  loss,  and  preserve  a  suflicient 
number  of  breeding  males  to  supply  the  rookeries. 

When  the  usual  tiin«!  (the  middle  of  Novendter)  arrived  for  taking 
the  supply  of  ycning  seals  for  native  food  for  winter,  it  was  tbund.  after 
•  hiving  all  the  rookeries,  oidy  one  half  the  numlter  necessary  could  be 
taken,  and  this  deficiency  had  to  be  made  up  by  driving  and  killing 
older  seals,  which  resulted  in  the  loss  of  (>()()  skins,  that  number  being 
too  small  to  b(;  accepted  by  tlie  agent  of  the  Alaska  Commercial  Com- 
pany as  fit  to  salt. 

lUit  few  seals  rcmaiiu'd  on  the  island  after  the  storm,  and  those  oidy 
whose  young  were  too  immature  to  Iiv((  at  sea,  the  great  body  of  them 
leaving  on  an  average  of  one  month  earlier  than  usual;  l)ut  this  did 
not  affect  the  time  of  their  aniva!  in  the  sjtring,  the  first  seals  being 
seen  returning  April  I'l,  and  there  wereenough  landed  to  make  the  first 
drive  for  fresh  food  .May  'I'l. 

The  following  table  will  show  the  date  of  seeing  the  first  seals  and 
time  of  making  the  first,  <lrivc  for  food  from  1.S71  to  1877: 


Year. 

Seals  (ii-st  8i!Bii. 

1     First 
driv(^  for 
food . 

1871 

1«72 

Mmv   1... 

Mav    .".... 

Mav     Ki 

Mav      14 

IH74 

-Alir.  '1\. . 

\lir     ••:) 

Mav     'j:! 

M  a'v       (i 

lH7ri    .  ..  . 

\pi-    't; 

M'lv       7 

lK7li 

'            (Id 

M'lv     *'■{ 

1877 

1     \lii-    2i 

M'lV     '"' 

In  1871  and  1S7L'  the  y  were  delayed  by  ice  in  the  water  melting,  ren- 
dering it  too  cold  foi  .Icm  to  |»ass  through.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that 
the  tinui  of  their  first  arrival  varies  but  little  from  year  to  year. 

The  winter  jiroved  the  most  severe  in  storms  of  wind  and  severity  of 
cold  since  the  transfer  of  tlieTerritory  to  the  I'nited  States,  the  heavy 
gales  bringing  large  bodies  of  drift  ice  from  tli';  (iulf  of  Anadeer,  that 
completely  inclosed  the  island  on  the  L'Uh  of  December,  and  the  severe 
cold  of  January  and  I'cbruary  froze  the  nuiss  solid,  so  that  the  island 
remained  iU'  'osed  by  it  until  .May  .">. 

The  island  was  supplied  with  all  the  necessary  stoves  for  the  use  and 
comfort  of  the  natives.  (Joal,  liowev(u-,  was  not  on  sale  to  the  natives. 
Of  this  article,  as  stated  in  my  report  of  September  20, 187<).  the  general 
agent  of  the  Alaska  ("ommercial  <'ompany  had  i)roniised  to  send  after 
the  date  of  that  report,  and  two  attemx)ts  were  made,  one  in  January, 


100 


AI.AHKA    INDUSTRIES. 


iiiiothor  ill  Ajtril,  to  i<!!ic,li  t.h(»  iHlaiul  by  a  scliooner  with  tho  oecessary 
supply,  but  owiuti  to  Mhj  it,c  tlicy  were  not  able  to  approac.h  near  enough 
even  to  see  the  isliind, 

Karly  in  Man;!!  the  U'.ut ]u;mtnn',  rose,  and  the  weather  contiuued  as 
remarkable  for  its  iiiildneHs  as  the,  winter  had  lor  its  severity.  Owing 
to  this  the  i»eoi)le  were  able,  to  collect  diiftwood  suilicient  to  meet  their 
necessities,  so  thiil  tiiere  wiis  no  real  sutlering,  as  must  have  been  had 
not  the  spring  weather  proved  unusually  warm.  This  experience  dem- 
onstrates the  necessity  oC  liaving  stored  on  the  island  by  the  Alaska 
ConimerciaHJompany,  lor  sale  (or  the  use  of  the  natives,  a  suilicient 
supidy  to  meet  their  iiec(;HS!ti(!S  before  the  season  is  so  far  advantred 
as  to  risk  (tomniunicalion  being  pn^vented  by  the  ice.  Tlie40  tons  pro- 
vided by  the  (conditions  (»f  the  lease  lor  gratuitous  distribution  among 
the  luitives  was  duly  delivered  to  my  charge  ami  stcned  until  the  1st  of 
December,  when  the  severity  of  the  cold  necessitated  its  use,  from  which 
time  a  weekly  distrilnition  of  Hi)  jtounds  per  week  for  each  family  was 
made,  and  in  this  way  it  servird  to  meet  the  necessitie.-  ifthepeojde 
for  cooking  their  food  iinlil  the  end  of  March,  from  which  time  they 
were  able  to  ctolhict  driftwood  enough  to  serve  them  until  the  arrival 
of  the  seals  and  blidtber  was  obtained.  There  being  SO  fires  necessary, 
tills  10  tons  gives  each  (ire  one  lialf  (on  of  coal  for  the  winter,  and  this 
barely  serves  their  necessities  for  cooking,  and  they  re(piire  an  addi- 
tional 40  tons,  foi  sale  by  the  Alaska  (!onimercial  Company,  tomaketheir 
families  reasonably  i:omfoi  table.  This,  for  some  leasou  or  othir,  the 
general  agent  has  been  unwilling  to  furnish,  and  in  my  opinion  a  regu- 
lation should  be  (established  by  the  honorable  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury niipiiring  (hat  a  supply  of  40  tons  of  coal  for  St.  Paul  and  20  tons 
on  St.  (leorg(!  Island  should  be  provided  by  the  company  and  sold  the 
natives  annually.  This,  with  the  (it)  tons  provided  for  in  the  lease,  is  the 
smallest  iiossible  amount  which  will  render  them  comfortable;  and  hav- 
ing i>lac(;d  them  in  lioiiseH  above  ground  and  rendered  this  a  prime 
necessity,  it  belongs  to  tlnan  to  furnish  this  supply,  for  which  they  are 
abundantly  able  and  willing  to  ])ay. 

The  jiriest  and  his  assistants  went  to  the  Island  of  St.  George  for  a 
parochial  visit  in  .Inly,  to  return  in  September.  The  weather  not  per- 
mitting the  st(iamer  iS7.  i'latl  to  (ouch  there  on  her  return  to  the  islands 
in  September,  they  W(!r(!  left  there  until  January,  when  the  schooner 
touched  there,  laden  with  coal,  on  her  way  to  St.  Piiul,  and  they 
embarked  on  her,  but  the  ice  preventing  the  schooner  reaching  St. 
Paul,  tlney  wen?  (ak(!n  t(»  I'nalaska  and  remained  there  until  the 
arrival  of  the  st(;ainer  (S7.  I'aul,  in  May,  when  they  returned  to  tho 
island  again,  tog(itli(!r  with  a  jiarty  of  natives  belonging  to  this  island, 
who  Inul  spent  the,  winter  at  (;iialaska.  The  services  and  business  of 
the  church  were  in  Uie  mcantim(;  conducted  by  the  second  chief  and  a 
deacon. 

The  civil  affairs  .,f  the  nativ<!s  were  managed  by  the  two  chiefs,  with 
the  advice  and  apiiroval  of  myself.  There  was  some  drunkenness  dur- 
ing the  holidays  from  <|uas,  or  beer  brewed  by  fermenting  flour  with 
the  sugar  bought  at  tlie  hUhh  for  their  tea  and  coffee,  but  no  quarrels 
or  disturbance  aros<!  more  than  the  breaking  of  a  window.  This  was 
jmnished  by  a  One  to  pay  fVir  tho  damage  and  a  prohibition  from  ])ur- 
chasing  sugar  for  a  time. 

The  school  was  ojieiKHJ  October  2,  Miss  Juniatte  B.  Pierce  as  t(!acher, 
and  coiKinued  to  the  end  of  May.  At  the  commencement  a  full  attend- 
ance was  s(!4;ured,  which  continued  until  the  holidays  in  .January. 
From  that  tiniu  il  was  dillicult  to  sec^uro  a  full  atteudauco,  from  lack  of 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


101 


iiitcicst  and  ii]>pre<!iation  by  the  parents  of  tlie  children.  Those  who 
attended  re<jularly  made  very  <>ood  i)rogresK,  hut  owiiip  to  tlieir  hav- 
intf  no  i)ra<'tieiil  use  oftlie  Kiiglisli  langnaue  outside  oft'-e  selioolrooni, 
(here  is  very  little  exhibition  of  its  knowledge  unless  they  are  ques- 
tioned direetly  for  tiie  purpose  of  drawing  them  out. 

The  Alaska,  (!omni(!reiaI  C(»mpany's  steamer  ,S7. 1'diil,  from  !San  Fran- 
eisco,  arrived  at  the  island  the  evening  of  May  14,  by  whieh  I  received 
Department  lettei'  dated  March  .'J,  1S77,  marked  '•(!.  N.  L.''  in  the 
upper  left  hand  corner,  informing  me  that  my  letter  of  iSeptcinber  24, 
l.S7<>,  asking  permission  to  return  to  Washington  at  thi!  end  (»f  the  seal- 
ing season  of  1S77,  with  a  view  to  resigning  my  ])osition,  had  been 
re(;eived:  and  by  the  same  letter  I  am  instructed  to  proceed  at  my  ear- 
liest convenience  to  San  Francis(^o,  Cal.,  reporting  my  arrival  there  by 
telegraph.  My  resignation  was  accejtted  to  take  effect  on  my  arrival 
at  that  ])ort.  1-also  received  Department  letter  dated  March  l.'i,  also 
marked  ''(1.  X.  L."  in  upper  left-hand  corner,  amending  the  letter  of 
Marcii  ."{,  so  as  to  accept  my  resignation  on  the  arrival  at  the  island  of 
.John  M.  Morton,  appointed  as  my  successor.  In  pursuance  of  these 
instructions,  on  the  loth  of  May  I  delivered  to  John  M.  "N'oiton  tiie 
charge' of  the  islr.nd's  Treasury  agent's  house,  furniture,  and  all  ])rop- 
erty  Itelonging  to  the  Treasury  agent's  ollice,  including  j-ecords  of  the 
island,  taking  passage  on  the  steamer  »SY.  Paul  for  I'jrt  Townsend, 
thence  by  steamer  to  San  I'^raucisco;  arriving  there,  proceeded  by  rail 
to  Fairha>en,  Mass.,  June  IW. 

I  would  most  respectfully  represent  that  when  I  made  application  for 
leave  of  absence  to  return  at  the  en'1  of  the  sealing  season  of  1877,  with 
a  view  to  resigning  my  position  after  liling  my  repoi  t,  it  was  Mitli  the 
understanding  that  by  the  letter  of  my  appointment,  dated  September 
1 1,  187"),  marked  "  L.  (i.  M.,"  jny  time  and  expenses  in  traveling  were 
to  be  ])aid  from  the  date  of  my  departure  to  my  arrival  at  home  from  the 
seal  islands.  Now,  I  wcmid  most  respectfully  represent,  that  the  making 
of  my  resignation  take  effect  on  the  arrival  of  the  ncttification  at  the 
island  subjects  me  to  a  loss  of  time  not  contemplated  in  my  letter  of 
appointment.  1  would  further  epresent  that  in  the  settlenu>nt  of  my 
ac<-ount  (.lidy  21)  the  account  of  the  expenses  of  travel  from  St.  Paul 
Island  to  Washington  on  leave  of  absence  in  September  of  lS75and  my 
return  to  the  seal  islands  in  May,  187(i,  both  falling  in  the  fiscal  year 
I'rom  July  1,  187t),  to  June  30,  1877,  the  allowance  beir.g  but  |(i()0 
and  my  expenses  for  those  two  passages  being  «715.L'8,  exceeded  the 
ai)propriation  by  $lI5.'-'8,  that  sum  was  disallowed  in  the  settlement, 
thereby  subjecting  me  to  the  direct  loss,  1  having  been  obliged  to  incur 
and  ])ay  that  in  the  discharge  of  my  duty  to  the  Department.  In 
vi(!w  of  the  foregoing  statements,  1  have  inclosed  herewith  vouchers 
for  tlu!  amounts  claimed  l)y  me,  and  would  most  respectfully  request 
your  favorable  consideration  and  ai)i>roval  of  the  same,  and  that  the 
amtmnts  thus  (tailed  for  be  included  in  a  deficiency  bill  and  Congress 
asked  to  nnikc  the  necessary  appropriation,  as  was  done  in  the  cases 
of  Assistant  Agents  Samuel  Falconer  and  William  J.  Mclntyre,  who 
were  discharged  under  somewhat  similar  circumstances  in  October, 
187(5, 

I  herewith  transmit  the  certificate  giving  the  authority  umler  which 
I  have  acted  while  in  charge  of  the  seal  islands  in  accordance  with 
instructions  contained  therein. 

I  would  further  state  that,  in  closing  my  ofVicial  connection  with  the 
Deparfmenf  and  retiri  .  to  private  life,  should  any  of  the  information 
I  have  obtained  while  .n  the  discharge  of  my  duty  or  the  results  of 


102 


ALASKA    INDUSTUIES. 


my  obscrviitioii  Mliilc  in  tliii  Territory  of  Alii.skii  be  tli<)ii{;lit  of  use, 
ii  Jotter  iuldrossod  to  mo,  stiitiiif?  (Iio  iiiiittor,  will  moot  witli  a  clioertiil 
response. 

I  liiive  tlie  lionor  to  leiniiin,  yoiiis,  rospectCilliy, 

ClIAKI.KS   IJllVANT, 

i'..v-Trinsiii\j  Aijrut  for  Snil  Ishnitlx. 

lion.  -loiiN  Siii,i;:\iAN. 

tSicrftdrji  of  Ihc  'rrrdsiiri/. 


Special  Aijiut  Morliiii  :  niniiKil  njiort  for  1S7'7'. 

Ol'I'K'I-;   (iK   '1'|;1;ASI;11V    A(iKNT, 

-S7.  I'll II I  /shiiiil,  Mmj  I',,  :1S78. 

Sir:  I  Imve  the  honor  to  submit  tlie  followiiif;  statement  rohxtive  to 
afl"'Ji's  at  tlie  seal  tislieries  sincc^  thedateofmy  last  reportin  May,  JS77: 

In  explanation  of  my  I'ailnio  to  transmit  oflicial  lett<Ms  to  the  Depart- 
ment by  either  of  the  vessels  toMel'in;^'  heic  last  all,  I  would  respeet- 
fidly  state  that  on  the  IStii  of  last  .July  I  was  suddenly  i)rostrato(l  by 
si(;knoss  and  tlierel)y  contined  to  my  bod  until  the  middle  of  the  fol- 
lowing October,  since  which  time  no  oppciitnnitios  of  cornmunioatioii 
have  been  att'ordod.  Durin;,'  my  illness  Treasury  Agent  .1.  Il.Moul- 
toii  was  present  on  this  island  acting  in  my  otlicial  stead,  he  having 
roi)orted  herefrom  St.  (leoige  Island  -Inly  L'!>  per  Alaska  Commercial 
Comi)any"s  steamer  »S/.  I'oiil  for  the  puri)oso  of  renniining  in  charge 
during  )ny  then  c()ntom])lato<l  absence  tliroiigh  the  winter  months.  As 
no  means  were  att'ordod  <>f  reaching  St.  (Icorge  Island  snbse(|uent  to 
the  time  when  my  I'ostoration  to  health  was  thought  to  be  assured.  ."^Ir. 
JMoult(ui  has  Itoeu  compelled  to  remain  here  dining  I  he  winter,  aiul  now 
awaits  the  liist  oi)portnnity  to  proceed  to  his  projior  nost  of  duty. 

Tlio  full  nunil)er  of  seal  skins  taken  l)y  the  Alaski  ^unmercial Com- 
pany during  the  season  of  1S77  ami  shipped  by  its  steamer  >S7.  I'niil, 
August ."),  was  as  follows: 

On  St.  I'aiil  Island  (including  l.lOil  Hkiii>,  :)f  hciiIs  killed  for  food) ()0.r.2(> 

On  St.  deorgc  Island  (iucludin;;  2'>t>  skins  of  sc'its  killed  (or  lood) lo, 000 


Total  on  lioth  isliinds 7."),  T>'2i'> 

The  total  catch  of  fur  seals  on  St.   i'aul  Island  for  all  jairposes  dur- 
ing the  year  1S77  is  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Niiiiiber 
Idlleil. 


liv  llio  .MiiMkn  ('i)mi'hTi'i:il  rniniianv .''lO.OST 

i''nr'  iiati\'i's'  tdotl  (iin  iii;x  I  lie  yejir' I,  (Ml 

Yoiiiij;  Ni'alH  lor  wiulcr  tood  (sKiiLs  cpI'  ni>  value) ."i,  On7 

rutai .  liH.  i;i.'> 


SkiiiH 
Haltvd. 


2,  HM 


SkiiLs 
rcjm'ti'd. 


1,187 


(il.'lU 


I 


1,217 


The  skins  which  are  shown  in  the  above  tabh^  to  Jiave  been  rejected 
by  the  company  were  mostly  from  seals  killed  for  food  in  August, 
Sei»teml)er,  October,  and  Xovomber,  when  they  wore  shedding  their 
hair  and  fur,  and  therefore  worthless.  It  is  worthy  of  note  tliat  tlie 
shedding  or  "stagey"  season  of  the  past  two  years  baa  beeu  of  much 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIKS. 


103 


1,217 


longer  duration  liiiin  i.sf;en(U'iil,  and  tliattliclossin  skinanf  soals  wliich 
were  nct^cssary  to  be  taken  for  food  dnrin^'  tliat  iinic  lias  thereby  been 
unnsnally  laij;e.  It  may  be  remarked,  liowever,  tbar  tlie  waste  in  tliis 
resjiect  (liiriii^  tlic  i»ast  was  iiineh  less  than  tliat  ol'  tlici  i)reviou.s  year. 

Relative  to  tlie  killiii};  of  youii^'  seals  late  in  tlie.  fall  for  winter  food, 
I  would  respect fidly  state  tliat  tlier(>  have  been  heretofore  taken  for 
siieli  imriMise  (ion:  1,(100  to  r),0(lO  a:iiuially.  As  the  skins  of  these 
yoiiiifj  animals  ])()ss(ss  no  eoniinereial  value,  and  are  not,  therefore, 
accepted  by  the  company  as  a  part  of  the  yearly  (piota,  it  was  my  desire 
to  limit  the  iiiimber  taken  on  this  island  to  -'5,000  and  to  substitute  in 
their  stead  animals  of  ])roj)er  condition  to  furnish  ])rime  skins;  but 
M'lien  the  time  arrived  for  securinjj-  this  supply  of  meat  it  was  found 
that  th(*  skins  of  all  the  lar^jjcr  seals  continued  staj^ey,  with  the  pros- 
jiect  that  they  iiii<;ht  rejnain  so  until  their  depalture  from  the  island, 
and  as  it  would  have  involved  a  };reater  actual  loss  to  have  killed  such 
seals  at  that  time,  and  in  order  to  insure  a  full  supjily  of  winter  meat, 
I  was  compelled  to  ])erniit  the  maximum  number  of  younj^  seals  to  be 
taken. 

Of  lar<;(^  seals  killed  for  food  after  the  close  of  the  sealitif?  season,  I 
mayr(!port  that  there  now  remain  in  the  company's  salt  houses  on  this 
island  -,rt'2'2  skins,  these  to  be  included  in  the  company's  quota  for  the 
cimiinj;'  season. 

h'cK'ardiMj,'  the  general  condition  of  the  seal  life  on  this  island  during 
the  ]»ast  summer  a  favorable  report  may  be  made.  The  large  rookery 
bulls,  which  are,  the  tirst  seals  to  reach  the  island  in  the  spring,  arrived 
somewhiit  behind  the  general  time,  owing  to  the  late  season;  this,  how- 
ever, did  not  delay  tin;  approach  of  the  cows  nor  i)reveiit  the  rookeries 
from  tilling  as  early  as  usual.  Tlie  nonbreeding  seals,  to  which  tic 
killing  is  contiiied,  also  ]>r(!sented  themselves  slowly  during  the  early 
])art  of  the  summer,  but  were  ])ieseiit  in  suthcicnt  numbers  on  the  4th 
of  June  to  permit  an  inauguration  of  the  sealing,  which  progress(>(l 
favorably  and  was  <!omple(cd  as  early  as  the  14tii  of  July.  Of  seals 
of  this  class  it  may  generally  b"  stated  that  their  movements  to  and 
from  the  land  during  the  seascm  are  variable  and  irregular,  and  that  it 
is  not,  therefore,  ])iiictieabie  to  obtain  reliable  data  upon  which  to  base 
a  rejiort  of  their  condition  as  compared  with  jnevious  years.  The 
weather  i>roving  favorable,  their  greatest  numbers  are  usually  repre- 
sented alt  1  .le  clos((  of  the  scaling,  when  their  grounds  ai'e  no  longer 
disturbed  by  the  scalers.  At  sucli  a  season  of  the  ]»ast  year  I  may 
state  that  the  general  ajipearance  of  their  hauling  grounds  presented 
no  material  cliiinges  from  that  of  the  previous  year,  so  far  as  the  closest 
observations  could  determine. 

The  residence  of  the  breeding  seals  on  the  island  during  the  season 
assumes  a  ])ernianeiit  chaiacter,  and  as  the  general  arrangement  and 
disjiosition  of  the  families  are  very  regular  and  systematic,  it  is  practi- 
cable, by  a  close  scrutiny  from  year  to  year  of  the  grounds  occupied  by 
seals  of  this  class,  to  detect  any  material  increase  or  diminution  which 
may  occur  in  numbers.  From  a  comparison  of  my  observations  of  the 
breeding  ro(»keries  on  this  island  during  the  past  season  with  Treasury 
Agent  JOlliott's  survey  of  their  boundaries  in  187-'  and  187.'i,  I  find  in 
most  of  them  a  very  ai)])re(Mablc  ex])aiision.  and  in  none  Jiny  noteworthy 
contrac^tion.  In  general  terms,  1  may  rcjiort  the  (condition  of  all  the 
rookeries  as  very  satisfactory.  There  has  been  a  marked  increase  of 
cows  since  ISTli,  and  there  is  as  yet  no  evidence  that  a  8Ui)ply  of  large 
bulls  siinicient  for  breeding  pui'ixtses  has  not  been  preserved. 

It  will  be  observed  from  the  report  of  Treasury  Agent  Moiilton  that 


104 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


the  rookeri(fs  on  Ht.  (Icorpe  Jslaud  are  in  excellent  condition  and  that 
avery  niat(!iial  iiuaease,  in  all  t;lass«>s  of  seals  has  taken  i>la(!e.  In  view 
of  all  the  facts  as  above  represented,  I  see  no  warrant  in  HMK{feslin>; 
any  changes  relative  to  the  quotas  as  at  present  established  for  the 
respwitive  islands. 

The  natives  of  this  island  received  gratuitously  from  the  company 
during  the  fall  and  winter  40  tons  of  coal,  (M)  barrels  of  salmon,  and 
casks  and  salt  for  the  i)reservation  of  meat  in  recpiisito  nnmlx'rs  and 
quantity.  All  wnlows  and  orphans  have  been  supported  by  the  com- 
])any.  A  ))hysician  has  bfu-n  employed  and  medical  attendance  and 
medicines  liave  been  furnisiied  without  charge.  JJctween  Wm  agents  of 
the  lessees  and  the  natives  harmonious  relations  liave  at  all  times  i)re- 
vailed,  and  the  general  treatment  extended  to  the  latter  has  becjn  in 
full  accord  with  the  generous  policy  which  characterizes  the  company's 
dealings  with  this  ])eoi)le, 

A  school  was  maintained  on  the  island  from  the  17th  of  Sei)tember, 
1877,  to  tli(!  1 7th  of  May,  making  eight  months.  As  the  p(^oi)le  were  very 
desirous  of  the  estal)lisliment  of  a  Itussiau  school,  the  us4!  of  the  c«mi- 
pany's  schoolhotise  was  granted  for  that  purpose  in  the  afternoons,  and 
the  Knglisli  school  has  therefore  been  lield  only  during  the  morning 
hours.  This  arrangement  has  served  to  dis)H'l  the  objections  heretofore 
held  by  tlie])eoi)le  to  their  children  attending  the  Knglisli  school,  which 
they  coiiti^ided  would  etfectually  interfere  with  the  acfjuisition  of  the 
Russian  tongue,  in  which  their  church  servi(!e  is  conducted.  Hefore 
the  opening  «»f  the  I'^nglish  school  1  took  pains  to  explain  to  the  ]»arcnts 
the  importance  of  seiKliiig  their  children,  and  stated  to  them  that  every 
iihild  of  i)i(ti»er  age  and  condition  would  be  lefpiired  to  attend.  Treas- 
ury Agent  .Moulton  has  since  given  his  close  personal  attention  to  this 
matter  with  very  excellent  results.  The  average  attendance  of  boys 
and  girls  during  the  term  was  about  thirty,  which  was  miKth  larger 
than  has  ever  been  given  to  any  previous  school.  Under  an  excellent 
lady  teacher  the  jjiogress  made  by  the  children  in  the  ehMiientary 
branch(!S  has  Ixieii  v<'ry  commendable. 

J)nring  tlu;  past  year  the  native  people  of  this  island  have  rcfceived 
from  the  conqiaiiy  for  labor  ])erf()rm<}d  the  following  moneys: 

In  tiikiii^ — 

5!>,70itHoal  HkiiiH  at  40  cents  eacli $'J',i,HKi.C>0 

490  cut  hoal  HkiiiH  at  liO  cunts  each !(«.  00 

244  Hca-lioii  hUjiih  at  (10  cents  each 14«).  40 

Total 24, 128. 00 

The  above  aimmnt  was  divided  as  follows  under  tlie  direction  of  the 
chiefs: 

03  lirst-dass  laborers  (each) $310.74 

11  Kecoiirl-dasH  laliorerH  (each) 27!).  (i(! 

4  thiril-daHs  laborers  (each) 248.  .W 

1  lifHiclaHH  hilmrer 1X0.44 

1  seventh-class  laborer 124.30 

Irrefjiilurly  (liHtribnted 170.00 

For  incidental  labor  about  the  vilhi;.,  >  the  people  have  rec(^ived  in 
addition  to  the  al)ovo  amount  about  $.'5,4(10. 

The  jiopulation  of  this  i.sland  on  the  1st  day  of  January,  1.S78,  was 
207,  divided  as  follows:  Males,  118;  females,  liJD.  The  number  of 
births  during  the  year  1877  was  13,  and  the  number  of  deaths  18. 

The  steam  revenue  <:utter  Jiiish  Ihst  arrived  at  this  place  .lune  0, 
when  a  detail  of  one  oHicer  and  two  men  was  made  from  that  vessel  by 
Captain  Bailey  to  serve  as  a  guard  on  Otter  Island  duriug  the  sealing 


ALASKA   INDUKTIilEB. 


105 


111 


senson.  For  their  accomniodatiuii  a  suitiibl*'  Imiisc  was  erected  on  said 
isliiiul  by  tiie  Alasiva  Coniiiiercial  (!()iiij)aiiy.  The  cutler  subsequently 
visited  tiio  islands  resinM-tivcly  on  .July  lil,  Seplc^nber  !>,  September 
-!),  and  September  . JO,  liually  depiirtiiifj  lor  San  Kraiieiscjo  October  9. 
That  no  iinlawlul  attempts  wen*,  made  duriu*;'  Hic  season  to  i)rocure 
seal  skins  is  without  doubt  due  t^)  tliccjutter's  i)r('sciu;e  in  these  wateis. 

The  Alaska  (Jonimercial  Company's  schooner  (ienrral  Miller  touched 
here  August  II,  landinjj;  lumber. 

On  August  21  tiio  wimling  bark  OhhuihH,  of  New  Bedford,  appeared 
olil"  this  island,  but  did  not  come  to  the  anclioni),fe,  A  l)oiit  was,  how- 
ever, sent  on  siiore  I'roni  that  vessel  with  a  rerpuist  to  be  suppliecl  with 
a  few  fresh  Tegetabk's,  wlinh  were  furnished  by  the  comi)any's  agent. 

Ou  September  2!)  the  steamer  »S7.  P(()(l  arrived  here  from  San  Fran- 
cisco, bringing  additional  supplies  for  winter.  Salt  and  coal  were 
landed  at  Unalaska  f  >r  future  use  at  the  seal  islands. 

Itelative  to  the  matter  of  (pias  brewing  by  the  natives  of  this  island, 
I  may  now  report  that  a  wonderful  iilmtementof  that  evil  has  been 
etleeted,  if  not  its  entire  suppression.  Since  ( )ctoi)cr  but  three  offenses 
in  this  regard  have  come  to  my  knowledge,  and  siinie  February  none  at 
all.  This  has  been  accomplished  mainly  by  restriiining, temporarily, 
every  person  who  has  made  (puis  from  the  ])rivilege  of  purchasing  at 
the  company's  store  sugar,  molasses,  and  other  articles  which  enter 
into  the  maTinfacture  of  said  li(|Uor.  I  have  to  state,  however,  that 
durnig  the  early  ])art  of  the  sealing  season  there  was  (considerable 
drunkenness  and  n(»t  a  little  violence  and  disorder,  chiefly  on  the  part 
of  the  young  men.  Through  intemperance,  one  man,  two  women,  and 
a  girl  lost  their  lives  the  sanw!  night,  having  been  suffocated  by  the 
burning  of  the  wall  paper  of  a  room  in  whicdi  the,y  lay  intoxicated. 

In  connection  with  this  su])ject,  I  l)cg  to  refer  as  brietly  as  jjossible  to 
the  removal  from  tlie  island  ii;  .June  last  of  a  young  Eussian  named 
ISichola.sKrukoft'.  About  that  tinn^  a  most  disgracefid  drunken  debauch 
occurred  on  the  island,  which  was  ]»articipated  in  by  as  many  as  thirty 
persons,  men  and  women,  and  which  linally  led  to  a  severe  affray 
among  a  party  of  young  men,  with  whom  appeared  said  Krukoff  as 
an  active  belligerent,  although  lie,  himself,  was  not  intoxicated  at  the 
time.  Before  peace  c(mld  be  restored  on  that  o("casion  1  was  compelled 
to  incarcerate  KrukotV,  together  with  four  other  jiersons,  in  one  of  the 
comi)any's  warehouses  over  night,  toaticoniiilish  which  act  it  was  found 
necessiiry  tocall  in  the  aid  of  tlie  native  chief  and  the  company's  agent. 

Affairs  of  this  nature  had  become!  of  fre(|uent  oc(airrence,  and  the  one 
in  question  Avas  of  a  (diaracter  esitecially  flagrant  and  shameful.  I 
could  not,  therefore,  but  regard  if  as  my  duty  to  take  some  further 
action  looking  to  the  i»unishment  of  the  guilty  jiarties  and  to  prevent, 
if  possible,  a  repetition  of  a  like  sccik;  in  tlie  future.  With  such  end  in 
view  1  invited  to  my  ollice  the  native  chiefs  and  elders  of  the  jjcople, 
together  with  the  resident  <  !re(!k  (!atliolic  priest,  and  i  impressed  pon 
these  persons  that  it  was  ii  duty  they  owed  to  the  community  to  take 
an  interest  in  this  matter  and  to  assist  the  Treasury  agent  ;n  preserv- 
ing peace  and  order  in  tlie  village.  After  a  long  and  earnest  conversa- 
tion relative  to  this  subject,  in  wliicjh  a  very  becoming  interest  and 
responsibility  was  manifested  by  all  present,  they  agreed  in  the  punish- 
ment of  the  man  Ivrnkoff.  whose  olfeiise,  in  their  minds,  was  greatly 
aggravated  by  the  fact  that  he  was  not  intoxicated  at  the  time  of  said 
disturbance,  while  the  rest  were  uiuier  the  intluence  of  liquor  and  could 
not  be  held  responsible  for  their  actions.  They  further  charged  that  he 
had  always  been  a  prominent  ringleader  in  ail'airs  of  a  like  nature 


106 


ALASKA    mtfiiii'ttflPA. 


.vliicli  liiul  tluiietofore  takci)  j>J;w;<^5  fU^tf.  \,(^  h;ifl  on  one  occiision  uiiulo 
a  inurdt'ious  iissaiilt  <»ii  tlicMliit-f.  w'^tUf^tf.  fft<fv<t<-,\t\(t\\,  wliicli  ciiino  near 
proviii;-' liital  to  tl.af,  in<livi<iu:il.  «^j^J  fi^t  fhroiijrli  Ms  {rriionilly  bad 
<liaractei'  and  notoiioiis  coikJiwI  U/t^i  tH)(])'r('(\  liiiiiscIC  personally 
oblHtxioiis  to  I  lie  fiTcatcr  ))(>ifi</n  »tffh--  ||iyoj,k'.  It  was  tliciclbn'  uiiail- 
iinously  a^iiccd  tliat  an  <'xan)|U«'  i>hfftM  I'"'  mmlc  of  KiiikolV  l)y  rciiiov- 
U)}X  liiiii  from  Mic  island,  J''jow  Wiiy  f/s'^u  kriowlcd<;()  of  his  <icn<'ial 
(diaractcr  and  condiicl  in  tiir  }>ut^i . '4Ufi  ft'^  fhc.  W-ast  scvoro  piinisliincnt, 
and  tho  only  one  wliicli  sccnxMi  t// |Im^  ^/^;t!"f  j^ablc,  I  resolved  to  aet  in 
tli(!  matter  i.>  aci'ordanee  wilh  tlw  iM^f/^^U-''-i  siijr;;esfion,  feeliii},' assnred 
tlie  best  interests  of  the  wind*-  c/mwtftMf^  would  thereby  be  i)ronn)ted. 
He  was  aeeordinjily  placed  on  lx>yii4  fh''  fevenne  eiitte!r  .Inne,  11,  ami 
snbsecjuently   landed   at    i;nal;xsl<Ai^  \Vll//^f.  f.he  a^^ent,  of  the  Alaska 


Commeicial  ('oin])any  direet4',«j  j;*>^yji*ii/^,i  f^,  he  made  for  Ids  snpjjort 
until  such  time  as  it  ini},'lit  be  de>>j^^.yil  i^^f^rjsffhie  to  permit  liim  to  return 
■<»  the  island. 

The  past  wiiitei-  here  has  Ih-A'U  </Uff4  I'l'i'iiisnal  severity.  A  nunimun 
emi)eraturo  of  L'l  F.  \h'1(>w '/a-)v  v^^  jifidieated  and  a  mean  for  tin 
nonth  of  I-'ebruary  of  (i^  alM>v*',    't'ii*<  tnU  of  snow  lias  been  lieavic 


m 

10 

icr 


than  for  many  years  jn-evious. 

The  Tiatives'lnn  ,  ho\ve\ej',  ]>ii.i^4  '4  (-v^nfortable  winter.  The  <'()al 
trratuitonsly  distntmled  hy  the  ^■tnt^fHH<^.  '■(XfcWwr  with  driftwood, 
whieh  was  east  ujioii  the  island  m  mm'tmWy  larj;o  (|mintities  last  fall, 
furnished  an  ample  supply  of  lueil^ 

The^fneral  health  ot  the  jja1i\>-8(^ii|i|i|t]i,i^j/ f  he  winter  has  been  niiMsiially 
pood  and  their  eondition  in  o1h<'r  tM^^('U  has  iirii»roved.  These  faets 
are  in  a  {i'reat  measure  due  U>\'m  n^ti^im'  M'f|uas.  Indeed,  this inatler 
of  the  ediisniniition  of  iiit<^xi<'atifi^ /|l|tii/,,!lc^  j^  one  whose  imixtrtaneeean 
not  b(^  overestimated,  eonsideie^J  ,>^^|ip,i  tt^t^rftwc  to  its  intliu'uce  upon 
the  welfare  and  jirosperity  of  tjj/c  ^n^'tt^iU', 

I  may  state  that  without  i\m>>H'^it mid  fw^ymanent  reformation  in  this 
repaid  all  etVorts  locdvin^r  to  any  uy^U^ni  JmpTovement  in  their  general 
condition  must  ])rove  of  little  avajil. 
Very  respectfully, 

d.   ]\I.    MfllMON, 
TtiuiiiiHI  ^ijtitt.  In  (Uinrfjc  of  Scitl  Islandx. 
Hon.  John  Siikkman. 

.ccrelari/  of  the  'J'reamoi/.  VifttifUtiHIIon^  h.  (J. 


Special  At/rut  Mottott ;  thniiUl\  rrport  for  JS7S. 

a&K  t''ifA?!frmu>,  Cm,.,  Scplrmbvr  /,  ;.s7.s\ 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  U)  \i^\mt  ^*  ttAttrf!^  relative  to  affairs  at  the 
seal  islands  since  the  ilateof  my  i;;,i*H  ^t^nt^y  report,  May  U,  1878: 

Uy  the  Alaska  Commercjiii  i\)n^mt^^  sfearner,  whicdi  arrived  at  St. 
Paul  Island  May  IL',  i  receivexil  tif/ffi' fht^  collector  of  customs  at  San 
Francisco  a  certified  copy  of  ym  if'U'^tm)  to  liini  dated  April  24.  rel- 
ative to  the  number  of  fiu'  waJs  \o  ^m  (t^k^ti  by  the  Alaska  Commercial 
Company  during  the  season  of  i->i7^f 
Said  telegram  read  as  follows: 

You  iiro  .■iiithorizt'd  to  s.ii.l    wjitUjj  UM*\H^fU<-n'i  H,  .Tolm  M.   Morton,   Trciisnry 
ageut  iit  the  seiil  islands,  that  tli«i  'jimh#  v|t  w„i*|i»  fof  tho  present  year  Hliall  bo  (ixoU 


ALASKA    INDIISTIMI'.S. 


107 


Hi,  i!O,0f)Oflt.  Ht.  Oeorx"  nil".  80,0()()nt  St.  I'mhI,  iirovidinj;,  in  liis  jiidirniniit,  miicIi  <'Iiiiii'.'ci 
iiri|'i"lii  iMiiy  Ix'  I'liiiiiil  |)rii)ii'i' 1111(1  ll(■Hinllll<^  uikI  this  ntlioi  I'irciiiiiHl.iiiii'UM  ciiiiiH'ctcil 
wil.li  Mill  hilling  iif  h«ii1h  hImiII  I'lilly  jiiHtily  il. 

lf<!r<Triri;;  to  tlui  iilxtvc  tclefjraiii  in  my  letter  t<»  I  lie  I)(p;iitiii(!iit  tliiled 
Miiy  ir»,  I  nHed  Mm  t'ollowiiif;  words: 

Ah  III  (lie  Hiriiill  iiii|i','iHi>  Hiilliori/c'il  in  tin'  c|tn)l;i  iiC  SI.  fJcorjji',  I  imjiv  Mtulr  liiiit 
lliiH  Ih  liillv  jiiMlilii-ii  liy  llioiiii|)i'<ivi'<l  ('iiiiiiition  III  I  in-  I'liiii^i'iiDM  !iiiil  liaiilinu  ki'iiiiiiiIh 
on  Ihiil  i'<lHtiil  l:iHl  Ni'iisnn. 

I  Im'j;  fo  Hiiy  Hint  tlii.s  sliitcinciit,  wliii'li  WHS  basfd  iijioii  (lie  report 
of  AMMJstaiil  TiCiisiiry  .V}i<'iit  .Moulloii.  altli(iii;;li  In-licvt'd  i)y  me  fo  cor- 
rectly re|ires('iif.  tlie,  coinlit  ions  iit  St.  <  lcoij;c,  yd,  ii|iom  reconsidering 
(lie  Hiihject  mill  ;irier  I'lirtlier  consultation  willi  .Mi.  M(tiillon,  I  llioii;;lit. 
as  il  matte,!'  of  iiriidence,  it  would  not  he  Ix^st  to  take  more  than  IS.IMIO 
Hcuirt  on  tliat  island  the  present  year;  and  as  I  felt  iissnred,  from  close 
personal  ohservalions  at  St.  Paul  last  season,  that  the  halance  of  tlu! 
i'lill  <|iiota  eonid  he  .safely  taken  at  that  place.  I  tlioiif.'ht  it  proper  to 
rlianf,'ethe<|nota  for  St.  (Jeorjic  to  is,0()0,aiid  that  for  St.  I'aiil  toSj,(i(i(), 
helievin;;  from  the  tenor  of  your  instructions  that  I  would  Ixsaiithoi  i/.cd 
to  take  Kiich  action  in  the  inemi.ses  as  w(»iild  .s(;em,  in  my  Ju(l;,qneiit, 
Ijest  calculated  to  jrtiard  the  interests  of  the  Government  and  natives 
of  tini  islaiidH. 

When  Ihesealin};  c(miTiienced  at  St.  Paul, . lime  s,  tlierc^  were  then  in 
the  salt  lioiises  of  the  company  on  that  island  .'{,4;>(»  skins  taken  from 
Heals  killiMl  for  t'ooc'.  under  my  direction  last  fall  and  during;  the  month 
(»f  .May  of  the  present  year.  These  were  accejitcd  by  the  com|»any  as 
a  part  of  this  year's  (piota,  and  the  balamcitf  the  rpiota  was  leally 
taken  by  the  l«th  of  duly. 

At  St. (Heoifiii  the  .season's  work  did  not  jiroyreHs  so  rapi«lly,  owin*;  to 
the  fact  that  (lio  kilUible  seals  did  not  r.ppear  in  lar;,'('  numbers  diirinj;' 
the,  iiM)iitli  of  June.  The  last  seals  weic  driven  there  by  the  eompanv 
.liilylil. 

I  may  state  that  on  both  islands  the  business  has  ])een  somewhat 
delayed  by  unusually  warm  weather,  winch  is  uiifavmable  to  the  rapid 
drJvinj,' and  killiiif;  of  seals.  This  especiially  interfered  at  St.  <Jeor^(', 
where  therii  are  fewer  natural  bodies  of  water  into  which  tlii!  seals  may 
}ui  driven  and  cooled  while  beinj;'  eoiiduc^tiMl  to  the  killing-  {{rounds. 

The  (,'eiieral  condition  of  the  seal  life  at  the  islands  the  present  year 
prcMeiits  no  material  change  from  that  of  the,  ,s(!ason  of  i.S77.  From 
earefnl  observations  of  the  l)reediii{(  rookeries  at  St.  i'aiil  diirinji  the 
Mummer,  I  may  report  that  the  same  excellent  and  healthy  coudition 
is  iiiaintain(!d  which  characterized  them  last  year. 

The  Htock  of  yoiui};  seals  born  diirin<;-  the  season  was  apparently  full 
ami  in  every  way  satisfactory,  while  the  display  of  yonrifj  males  or  kill- 
able  animals  was  to  all  appearances  somewhat  better  than  last  year. 

The, r<'portof  Treasury  Agent  Moultoii,  herewit  h  inclosed,  gives  a  very 
fi.vorable  a<!count  of  the  seal  life  at  St.  (Jeorge.  IVlr.  .Moiilton's  obser- 
valioiiH  <rxtend  over  two  seasons,  and  I  may  remark  that  his  statements 
are  fully  confirmed  by  the  natives  of  tln^  island  with  whom  1  conversed 
upon  a  lat«  visit  I  made  there  August  !>.  The  facts  which  I  gathered 
from  nil  h(  iii'ces  at  St.  (Jeorge  citnceining  the  present  (v»aditioii  (tf  the 
Heals  t  here  warrant  the  statement  that  1!(),0()()  skins  may  be  safely  taken 
there,  in  tin;  year  1S71>. 

I  would  therefore  respectfully  suggest  that  the  (piota  Un  the;  islands 
iie.vtyear  renii'in  as  (ixed  in  your  telegram  to  the  collector  of  customs 
at  Han  Kranei.sco.  dated  April  21,  1878,  viz,  !-'(),()()(>  at  St.  (Jcorge,  and 
«(),(MI(>  at  St.  I'aul. 


108 


ALASKA    INDUSTUIES. 


Tlio  IVdlowintJ  tablo  will  show  tin;  inimbcr  of  skins  sliipitcd  from  the 
isliiiids  Ix'lonpiiif^  to  tlic  (|iiotii  oT  this  yt'ar,  ('crtiliciitcs  of  wliicli  siiip- 
incuts  iiave  iiiicady  been  ti'iuisniitt«'(l  to  the  DcpiirtiiR'iit: 

rroin  St.  I'aiil  IhIuikI  : 

8lii|i|MMl   til  (Tn:il;iHka   I'ltr   traiisslii|iin(tiit,  tliciict;    liy  hi'Imioiht    ti>  Sun 
l''raiiiiN('<i — 

.IiinoH 'J.-'M 

Jul V  L'l II.  ;(•-'() 

1I,(),-S 

8hii)pc(l  (liroct  for  Sun  I'riuicinco— 

AiiKUHt  17 (i7,!tl2 

From  St.  Cn-DTtii^  Inlund: 

Slii|i|Mil  (liriM't;  lor  Siiii  I'riinciNco 12,058 

KoinaiiiinK  on  .'■'t.  (icor^c  Isliiinl !>,  iM2 

l"'ull  (iiiota  tilktin  by  tlio  conipiuiy  in  the  year  IS7S 100,  000 

I  would  stitto  tiiat  the  skins  reniiiinin;;'  on  St.  (icoijic  IsJiiiid  will  he 
shipjH'd  by  on(^  oC  tlit!  company's  schooiiors  later  in  the,  tail.  As  said 
skins  W('i(i  ot'licially  coiintt'd  by  Assistant  Treasury  Af.;('nt  Monltoii 
bcl'orti  his  transfer  to  St.  I'aiil,  I  have  jjiveii  to  tiie  <'oni|)any  |ierinission 
in  writing'  for  their  sliipinent,  and  have  directed  Mr.  Moidton  to-ertify 
to  the  same,  as  the  sciiooner  which  takes  tiie  skins  will  touch  at  St.  Paul, 

The  Alaska  Commercial  <)om]>any  lias  produced  on  St.  Paul  Island 
duriiifj  tiie  siiinmer  15,000  gallons  of  seal  oil.  The  labor  of  takiiifj  the 
blubber  from  the  carcasses  and  transporting  it  to  the  oil  works  was 
]ierformed  by  white  employees  of  the  eoinpany,  assisted  by  I'nalaska 
natives,  broiifjht  tlieie  tor  th(^  purjioseou  the  company's  steamer  in  the 
spriii};.  The  general  agent  of  the  coinjiaiiy  exjilaiiis  that  this  was  neces- 
sary, for  the  reason  that  there  is  no  available  labor  on  the  island  for  this 
]inrpose. 

Helatiiig  to  this  matter,  I  found  on  tile  in  this  oflice  a  letter  from  tlie 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  dated  March  13,  ISTt,  addressed  to  Treasury 
Agent  Bryant,  then  in  charge  of  the  sesil  islands,  in  which  it  is  ordered 
that  the  Alaska  (Jommeiciul  Company  "shall  ])ay,  as  a  coinpensatioii  to 
the  natives  of  tlu^  islands  for  their  time  and  labor  in  skinning  and 
jlelivering  the  blubber  at  the  jiLice  of  rendering  the  oil,  10  cents  for 
each  gaHon  of  oil  taken,''  and  "that  such  fee  or  tax  shall  be  collected 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Treasury  agent,  and  be  apitlied  by  him 
to  the  general  welfare  of  the  natives  of  the  islands  jierforming  such 
services." 

I  beg  to  state  that  the  nature  of  this  order  was  unknown  to  me  until 
I  found  it  among  the  tiles  in  this  otlice,  whicli  was  subsequent  to  the 
commencement  of  the  business  of  oil  making  by  the  company,  and  as  I 
discovered  upon  investigation  that  all  t]w.  men  and  boys  on  the  island 
who  could  l)e  relied  upon  to  properly  perform  tlie  work  of  taking  the 
blubber  from  the  seals  were  actively  engaged  in  the  sealing,  and  having 
received  no  instructions  from  the  Department  relative  to  the  matter,  I 
])erinitted  the  business  to  progress  during  the  season,  the  Unalaska 
men  jierforming  the  labor. 

The  shipment  of  the  lo.OOO  gallons  of  oil  was  allowed  with  the  under- 
standing that  the  company  shall  hereafter  ]»ay,  for  the  benefit  of  the 
natives  of  the  island,  a  tax  of  10  cents  per  gallon  on  said  oil,  providing 
it  .shall  be  decided  by  the  Deiiartment  that  the  tax  is,  under  the  cir- 
cunistan<-es,  jiroperly  colle(;tible.  I  would  respectfully  state  that  1  did 
not  feel  authorized  myself  to  collect  said  tax,  for  the  reason  that  the 
order  of  the  Department  reipiires  that  it  shall  be  collected  and  expended 
for  the  benelit  of  siicii  natives  of  tlie  island  as  perform  the  services. 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


109 


T  am  advispd  hy  tlu^  {,MMi('raI  aHCiit  of  tlic,  Alaska  Coiniiiercial  Com- 
pany tliat  slioiild  tlio  <;oiiipaiiy  1)(»  n'(|iiin'«l  to  pay  tlui  natives  of  tlie 
island  10  t-eiits  jmt  {gallon  lor  catli  nalloii  of  oil  wiiich  may  liereafttT  be 
rendered  it  will  ho  compc^ileil  to  altandon  the  husiness,  as  the  pri(^e 
which  the  oil  now  commands  in  the  maikets  (about  .'{.">  cents  perflation, 
as  I  am  informed)  would  not  under  such  conditions  justify  its  eontinu- 
uiu-e. 

As  the  islands  do  not  furnish  a  projter  classof  laborers  for  this  work, 
for  the  reason  that  it  must  be  earru'd  on  while  thesealinjj  is  in  progress, 
and  as  the  revenue  already  received  by  the  natives  from  the  sealing  is 
largely  in  excess  of  what  their  wants  reciiiiro,  1  would  re.''i)ectfully  sug- 
gest that  the  order  taxing  the  seal  oil  be  revoked,  and  that  the  eouipany 
be  permitted  to  employ  natives  of  other  islands  to  perform  this  work. 

1  maystat(!  that  such  of  the  Aleuts  who  are  unfitted  for  the  luisiness 
of  sea-otter  hunting,  which  is  the  cliief  occupation  of  that  people,  often 
jjnd  it  dilllcult  to  procure  the  means  to  sustain  life  during  tiie  long 
winters  which  prevail  in  Alaska.  At  I'nalaska  Island,  which  is  near- 
est to  the  seal  islands,  and  when^  the  largest  population  is  found,  there 
are  always  a  few  of  this  destitute  class  who  are  anxious  to  lind  employ- 
ment at  the  seal  islands,  wiiich,  in  addition  to  furnishing  a  certain 
snpi)ly  of  money,  affords  an  opportunity  to  obtain  necessary  supplies 
of  meat  and  blubber  for  winter's  usi^,  to  them  indispensable  articles 
which  can  not  always  be  ])roeured  elsewhere. 

J  have  to  report  tliat  the  vessels  touching  at  tlu;  islands  this  season 
wer(f  the  company's  steamer  >St.  raid  and  the  schooner  Bella,  also 
beh»ngiiig  to  the  company. 

There  have  beou  no  unlawful  attempts  to  procure  seal  skins  from 
any  of  the  islands. 

in  the  matter  of  8ui»pressing  the  evil  of  (pias  brewing,  I  have  con- 
tinued to  exercise  the  most  diligent  etforts,  and  I  am  glad  to  report 
that  but  one  occasion  of  qiias  drinking  has  occurred  since  my  last 
rejtort.  The  great  reform  which  has  been  ettected  in  this  regard  has 
already  resulted  in  substantial  benefits  to  the  people,  as  witnessed  in 
the  improved  condition  of  the  general  health  and  public  morality. 

1  have  heretofore  failed  to  report  that  I  visited  St.  (ieorge  Island 
early  in  the  si»riiig(May  lili),  when  1  ascertained  that  the  peo])le  of  that 
jdace  bad  passed  a  comfortable  winter,  and  that  the  general  health  had 
been  unusually  good.  All  freely  testitie<l  to  kind  and  considerate 
treatment  at  the  hands  of  the  company's  agents. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  there  was  no  ollicer  on  the  island  during  the 
winter,  ijuas  drinking  was  indulged  in  to  a  considerable  extent,  and 
some  drunkenness  prevailed.     In  other  respects,  however,  1  am  assured 
that  the  interests  of  the  (lovernment  and  natives  have  not  suffered. 
Very  respectfully, 

.1.  M.  Morton, 
Trcasitr;/  A<fent,  in  Chartjc  of  ISeul  Islands. 

Hon.  John  Siiebman, 

/Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  Washinyton,  1),  V. 


no 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


Iiiiliiiiire  irilli  Mniiiiii'i  iiiiiniiil  reiiorl  for  /iS7.s' ;  uiiminl  iiilh  .llnikii  ('umiin  n  inl 

Ciimiiiiiiii. 

Miinlii  I'lunnii  niiil  I'ltminiiiii  in  nciiniiil  irilh  SI.  (lionif  ikIiiiiiI,  .(/(/»/.((,  i/i  iir  i  niliinj 

Mill/ .:/,  /A',',v. 

In:. 

All);.  .">,  IKT7.  I.'), (100  I'lir-Hriil  sUins,  liiUcn  in  .hint'  ami  .liilv ,  1HT7,  iiiiil  Klii|i|ii'il  to  .S.-m 
I'liiliiiNi'ii  liy  AlasUii  ('oiiiiiii'1(M:i1  ('(iiii[iiin\'M  stt-iiliiri  SI,  I'liiil, 

{,'11. 

■Inly  •_'.'),  1S77.  Ity  tlir  InllowinK,  an  io(|nirril  iindtM-  its  roiitriwt  with  lhi>  <iov(>rinnnnt 
(iT  lliii  I'liilcd  .stiilcH:  L'O  Imntdn  iit'  siilriKMi ;  L'O  tcms  ol'  cual ;  liaiiuls 
and  sail  Inr  lli«  |iri'si'r\  atioii  of  iiK'.it,  as  rciiiilrrd;  iiiaintcnain  imiI' 
HL'liuul  ('i;;lit  nnintli.'    cuniniencin^  Si'|itrnil>i'i'  IT  and  rlimin;;  .May  !.'>, 

J.   M.   MnitiKN,   ireaDiirij  AijenI, 

.ihishii  I'liiiiiiuri  iiil  Colli  IKI  nil  ill  iiiritnnt  iiilli  St.  I'linl  Inland,  .Uanl.ii,  iiciir  iiiilini/ 

Mail  .;/,  /s:.s. 

1)1!. 

An;;.  ,'>,  IH77.  'I'o  (;o,,'il.'(l  rm-scal  skins,  takon  diirinj; •'""<'  and  .Inly,  1.'''77,  and  Hlii|i|)cd 
to  San  Fruinisco  liy  .Ua-^ka  (  oninicrcial  Coinpany'H  slcainir  SI,  I'unl. 

.Inly  !!)>,  IS77.  I!y  lln'  followin^j,  as  ri'Miiircd  l)y  its  coiitiart  witli  tlio  fioviTinncnl  cif 
Ihi^  I  nil  I'd  Statics:  ill)  liaui'iK  ol'siilinon  ;  10  Ions  cual ;  raskn  and  salt 
I'lirnislKMl  as  iciininMl ;  niaintonant^cof  Bcliunloi^Utinontb.s,  coininciic- 
in>(  >Soj(lL'nil)ci'  17  and  closing  May  17. 

tl.  M.  MouTON,  TmiKni-ji  Aijenl. 


Inrlimnri'  iiilli  Marlon's  annniil  rijiarl  far  IS7S  ;   reporl  of  .Issixlmit  Aijinl  Monlloii. 

TUKASl  R^     AciKN'T'S   Ol'I'ICK, 

(S7.  (iiorijc  l.sliiHil,  Aiijiiist  I'/,  .187S. 

Sii; :  I  liavc  tholioiioi'  to  siihniit  tlic  lollowiiijrroiioit  of  iitViiir.s  on  lliis 
island  lor  the  soiisoii  of  1S7S.  1  ictiiiiKMl  to  tlic  i.slaiid  Iroiii  St.  I'siiil 
May  lt>,  and  Ibiiiid  allair.s  in  a  favorable  condition: 

Tlio  Alasiva  Coniiiicrcial  Coinpaiiy  coinmcnct'd  driviiif;"  .seals  fortlicir 
siiiii.s  .June  10,  ami  tiie  ia.st  drive  was  made  .Inly  L'l.  'riieie  were  taken 
during  tiie  niontli  of  .luiie.  includiu};'  llT)  skins  taUen  IVoin  seals  killed 
i'or  luitive  food,  ;"),(» 11  skins,  'I'liere  were  taken  in  tiie  month  of. July 
ll.',,~);)(l  skins.  Total  aeeei)ted  by  tbe  Alaska  Cotumereial  Company  8inco 
last  report,  18,177  skins. 

In  addition  to  the  above  tliere  weie  killed  for  food  for  the  use  of  the 
mitives  71  seals,  the  skiii.s  of  whicli  were  stagey,  and  tiierefore  worth- 
less; 1, ()((()  ]m])  seals,  the  skins  of  which  have  no  market  value;  15  seals 
l)erished  on  drive,  and  117  skins  wererejecited  by  the  Alaska  (Jonnner- 
cial  <'om])aiiy,  l)«in<r  under  size.  Total  seals  killed,  19,14.'{.  The  s<'als 
killed  i)y  the  Alaska  <  'oniiuereial  Conijtany  were  driven  from  the  several 
rookeries  as  follows: 

.Iiino  10,  North 

Jniiti  11,  Southwo.st  JSav  


;«.->  ;  .liilv  2,  North  and  Stiury  Ali'ol.... 


!I80 


Innc 


17,  North    Stariv   Atctd   and 


1.071      .Inly  l.Soiithwost  Hay l,.i:i;{ 


.Inly  S,  KiLsl . 


i»H 


KaHt 858     .Inly  10,  North  and  Starry  Atoel...   1,  .1;J3 


.luuo  111.  Sonthwest  Itay 717     .luly  IL',  Soiithwi^st  Hay 


:i'JH 


I  22,  North  and  Starry  Atoel 


.lune  2.5,  Kast 

.lunc  27,  South Wfst  Hay 
.IniK!  2S,  Southwest  Hav 
Julyl,liaat Oil     July  21,i;aiit 1,291 


70  I  .July  13,  Southwest  Hav 1,0l'5 

;i21     .filly  15,  East l,.-)!»2 

851      .Inly  17,  North  and  Kast l,2it() 

')17  .Iniy  li>.  North  ami  Starry  Ate(d...  I, .577 


Ar-AHKA    INDUSTRIKS. 


IP. 


Tilt'  seal  r(»()kcii«'H  inf  in  lint-  coiKlitinii.  iiinl  tlus  luccdiiij,'  roukciics 
sliiiw  iMi  (liiiiiiiiitioii  in  tii*>  iiniiilti-rs  oi'  cows  jintl  pitps,  Allclasse.s  of 
Ni'iils  iirti  IS  idcntifiil  iis  last  scasdn. 

'I'lic,  sriiool  cuiiuncnct'd  S('|»t('ini)cr  17,  I.S77.  anil  closed  May  17,  1H7.S. 
Avi'raj,'<uilt<'ii(laiir(',  !!•  srlidlais. 

Tlic  ^^encial  IkmIiIi  ot'  tlif  pt'oph;  lias  )iiu>n  rcinarkalily  ntunl  tlniin;; 
tlic  past  year,  tlwrc  having;'  lu'cn  but  two  dcatliH  Mince  .Inly  l.">,  1.S77. 
At  IIh^  jtresent  dale  there  is  imt  one  person  on  tlie  sick  list. 

The  following  is  the  i.'caititulalion  ol   liic  census  taken  .Inly  l.'i,  1.S78: 


Mali'N.      Ki'timli^H,     Tiilal. 


AclllltH  . 

N  Diitlm. 
Xiit'iinni. 


23 

:)'.' 

6'. 

14  > 

1(1  ! 

'Jl 

:■ 

11  1 

111 

Totiil. 


Ki 


Ui 


I'liinlllrs 'Jll 

W'illlPWH H 

Oi'|iliaiiH Ill 

(iftlii,  1  ;  Wife  111'  Kiika  Sluiin',  fniiii  I'lialnHku. 
I'aiil. 


r.lilliH ;t 

DiatliH 2 


IjDHS 


Willow  Sli'liiiir  ,'iijil  raiiiilv,  iriiiiivcii  111  St. 


The  Ibllowiiifi  nai:  d  are  the  only  cases  ol'  intoxication  since  the  last 
anniiirl  re|)ort:  Foka  Shane,  lOotV  I'hiliinonotr,  Martin  i'opot)',  and 
lioveieiity  .MereiitrotV. 

As  a  fj<'"*''iil  t'''"j;'.  tlx'  natives  have  been  orderly  and  indnstrions. 
Tlien^  has  been  i)aid  lo  them  diirinj;-  the  i)ast  year  tor  sea  lion  skins 
.*l  t.")..")!);  wa{>es,  $l,.'i.s;i.l,""(;  fox  skins,  ><,'{s;;. ,".(»,  and  lor  is.noo  seal  skins 
.S7,L'(M>,  divided  as  toliows:  I'oiirteeii  lirst  class  shares,  at  sJ^ilK •..">(»  per 
sliare;  <>  seeondclass  shares,  at  •ij'U'JI )..">()  per  share,  and  .">  thiid  class 
slnires.  at  .»<'jri()  per  share. 

There  has  l)eeii  received,  lor  distiibution  to  natives,  I'O  tons  coal,  L'O 
barrels  salmon,  and  an  unlimited  quantity  of  salt.  The  supplies  fiir- 
nisluMl  the  widow  s  and  orphans  are  abundant  and  of  <;iiod  (|nality. 

All  };oods  for  sale  to  the  natives  are  tirst class  and  sold  to  them  at 
lair  prices. 

I  can  conscientionsly  say  that  the  terms  of  the  lease  on  the  part  of 
the  lessees  have  been  carried  out  in  fiooil  faith. 

In  my  ellorts  to  prevent  drnnkeniiess  and  maintain  order  on  the 
island,  I  have  always  received  the  cordial  siijiport  of  Mr.  Morj;an, 
Alaska('()nimercial  Coinpany's  aj;eiit,and  Mr.  IN'dpath, assistant  ajjent. 

Permission  lias  been  j;rante<l  \Vi(b)w  Anna  ropotl'.  son,  and  daiif^hter 
to  visit  St.  I'anl  Island,  with  the  view  of  reinainin}^'  there  ])erniaiiently. 

I  would  respectfully  state  that  some  of  the  natives  desired  to  throw 
out  Maria  Molavansky  when  they  made  their  annual  division  of  the 
proceeds  of  the  sealiiifj.  After  (tarefiilly  lookiii};'  into  the  matter  I 
decided  that  it  could  not  be  doiut  without  doinj;'  jiicat  injustice  to  a 
deservinj'- woman,  as  well  as  the  hea('  of  a  lar;;e  family.  From  the 
records  in  this  ollice  1  lind  that  she  h:  been  <-onsideied  the  head  of  a 
family,  and  has  recieived  a  fair  share  f  llie  lu'occeds  of  the  sealiiifj 
since  1870.  The  records  in  the  Alasl  .Commercial  ( Onipany's  oHlee 
show  that  she  has  received  a  share  and  been  considered  the  head  of  a 
family  since  lS(i!>.  This  woman  is  not  a  married  woman,  yet  she  is  the 
mother  of  four  livinj;'  children  by  native  men  of  these  islands. 

On  the  0th  instant  the  steamer  »S7,  /Vo//, ('apt. M.  E.  'askiiie, master, 
arrived  from  St.  Paul  Island,  and  sliijiped  <ui  board  lli,()5.s  fur-seal 
skins,  taken  on  this    island  during  the  present  season.     There  are 


■ 


112 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


remaining  in  the  village  salt  house  173  seal  skins,  from  seals  taken  for 
food,  which  will  be  taken  up  the  uext  season's  catch.  There  are  remain- 
ing in  the  salt  house  at  Southwest  liny '>,'M2  fur  seal  skins  of  this 
season's  catch,  which,  I  presume,  will  be  shipped  per  steamer  iS7.  Paul 
on  her  way  to  San  Francisco. 

On  the  return  of  the  steamer  to  St.  Paul  I  shall  take  passage  for  that 
island  in  compliance  with  your  instructions. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

J.  11.  MOULTON, 
Trcanury  A(/ent,  ISt.  George  Island. 

J.  M.  Morton,  Esq., 

Treasury  Agent,  in  Charge  of  Seal  Islands. 


Speeial  Agent  Morton;  inclosing  shiijping  receipts. 

San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Septemher  2, 1878. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  thefoUowing  certificates 
of  shipments  of  seal  skins  by  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company's 
steamer  St.  Paul,  said  skins  belonging  to  tlie  ([uota  of  the  islands  for 
the  year  1878: 

Shipped  to  Unalaska  for  transsliipniout  by  schooner  to  Saa  Fraucisco: 

Certificate  No.  1,  dated  .luiio  >>>,  St.  Paul 2,  73K 

Certilicate  No.  2,  datt^d  July  LM,  St.  I'aul 11,  320 

l.l,0,-)8 

Shipped  for  San  Francisco  direct: 

Certificate  No.  3,  dated  August  10,  St.  ( ieorge 12, 0,58 

Certilicate  No.  4,  dated  August  17,  St.  I'aul 67,942 

80,000 

Remaining  on  St.  Ceorge  Ishiud  for  shipini'Ut  later  by  schooner 5,942 

Total 100,  000 

Very  respectfully, 

J.  M,  Morton, 
Treasury  Agent,  in  Charge  of  Seal  Islamh. 

Hon.  John  Sherman, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Inol-osuir  Willi  Morlu'i's  Ittter  of  Septemher  J,  iS7S ;  nhippinn  receipts. 

Isi.A.Ni)  oi-'  St.  Paul,  June  8, 1S78. 
This  is  to  certify  tliat  2,738  fur-seal  skins  have  this  day  been  shipped  ou  b'  ird  the 
Alaska  Commercial   Company's  steaiuor  SI.  I'uid  to   Unalaska   for  traiias.  ipnient 
tlience  by  schooner  to  San  Fraucisco,  said  skins  forming  a  part  of  the  (^uota  of  this 
island  for  the  present  season. 

.J.  M.  Morton,  'I'reasury  Agetit. 

I.sLAM)  OK  St.  Paul,  •My  34,  1878. 
This  is  to  certify  that  11,320  fur-seal  skins  have  this  day  been  shipped  on  board  the 
Alaska  Commercial  Company's  sti-ainer  SI.  Paid,  for  transshipment  at  Unalaska, 
by  schooner,  to  Sau  Fraucisco,  said  skins  belonging  to  the  quota  of  this  island  for 
the  present  season. 

J.  M.  Morton,  Treaaury  Ayent, 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


113 


Island  ok  St.  fli^ZiV.::"'.  Atigmt  10, 1S78. 
This  is  to  certify  that  12,058  fur-Hoal  skins  have  this  day  hoeii  Hlni.iied  on  board  the 
Alaska  Commercial  Conipauy's  .steamer  Ht.  I'aul,  Capt.  M.  K.  Erskiiie,  master,  to  Sau 
Fraucisco,  C'al. 

J.  II.  MouLTON,  Assistant  Treasury  Agent. 

IsLAKi)  OF  St.  Paul,  August  17,  1S7S. 
This  is  to  certify  that  67,912  fur-seal  skins  liavo  this  day  Leeu  shipped  on  board 
the  Alaska  Commercial  Company's  steamer  St.  I'aul  to  Sau  Francisco,  said  skin;! 
belonging  to  the  quota  of  this  island  for  tlio  presenc  season. 

.1.  M.  Morton,  Treusunj  Agent. 

Island  of  St.  Georgk,  Ocloher  3, 1878. 
This  is  to  certify  that  .5,912  fur  rseal  skins  have  this  day  been  .shipped  on  board  the 
Alaska  Commercial  ('ompany's  schooner  liella,  Captain  Peterson,  master,  for  Sau 
Francisco,  Cal. 

.1.  II.  MoiLToN,  Aasislaul  Treasury  Agent. 


Amstaut  Af/eiif  Moulton  ;  supplemental  report.,  1878. 

Trkasuky  Agent's  Office, 

*S7.  Paul  iNland,  ^Soptemher  29,  1878. 
SlU:  I  have  the  lionor  to  report  that  affairs  on  the  seal  ishimls  are 
in  the  same  satisfactory  condition  as  at  the  date  cf  last  report,  with 
tlie  exception  of  one  case  of  (puis  brewing  on  St.  George. 
Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

J. 


11.   MOULTON, 

Treasury  Agent. 


Hon.  John  Sherman, 

Secretary  uf  TreoHury,  \Vnnhin(jton,  D.  V. 


Special  Agent  Morton;  Inclosing  statistics  of  seal  catch. 

Indianapolis,  Ind.,  Xorember  26, 1878. 
Dear  Sir:  In  accordance  with  your  request  I  inclose  herewith  a 
statement  of  fur  seals  killed  on  the  seal  islands  since  1870,  as  shown 
by  the  records  in  the  otHce  of  the  Treasury  agent  at  St.  Paul. 

The  record  of  seals  killed  the  present  year  is  neces.sarily  incomplete, 
as  my  departure  from  the  inlands  occurred  before  the  supply  of  meat 
for  the  winter  was  taken. 

I  am,  very  re8j)ectfully,  etc., 

J.  M.  MoRroN, 

Special  Agent. 

II.  B.  James,  Esq., 

Washington,  I).  C, 

II.  Doc.  92—8 


114 


ALASKA   INDU8TKIES. 


Iiivlosiire  icitli   Morlon'H  lilhrnf  Sofrmhvr  Jii,  1S7S;  utatiHlicn  of  mal  I'ulch  on  SI.  I'liiil 

hiiind,  IS'iti  to  /.s7.V,  iiichiiiire. 


Yciir. 


1870. 
1871. 
1872 . 
lK7:t . 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 


I  )''(i)iii  II 


in  'I'r'f  JiHrirv  ii^^i'iil'--*  "IVk'o,  S(.  I'uiii  l.slaiiit.| 


Till'  iialhi'n'  f'oixl,  iiiidiir  ilinctlciri 
111'  'I'roimmy  nK''i>t. 


I 


Ti)tiil 


ItlU'lll'lllIH. 


2.  ;i4i 

B.DKt 
2.  000 
4,  8ii7 
<l,  282 

r>,  imi 

4,041 

908  f- 

1)2.  riiin 


l'll|i>i  nr 
Vollliu 
Miullt, 


Niiintirr  (»!' 

I         HkillH 

I     miltdil. 


Ill) 
■,t. 

4, 

:i, 
;i. 


121 

■18!l  1 

8(17 

71.-. 


.T.'.dIM 


1(1  \ 
2,  2110 

fi,  iir,-. 

1,198 

4.2:12 

.'1, 784 

It,  Ofil 

2,  8.^.4 

908 


I'y  111*'   AIiihUji   r'<tiii- 

iiii'i'ciiil  ('oiii|iaii.v  lor 

their  xkiiia. 


.Sliillrt 

.suited. 


I 

Kt'JfM'trd  as 
i  worthless. 


fp,  017 
74, 1127 
Oil,  .'•i7« 
7:1,  884 
8X,II.']8 
84,  800 
74.  1:17 
.")8.  7:12 
78,  .'i70 

llllS,  Itil 


1,008 
200 
.'•.14 
110 
hi 
21 
no 


l''iill  niim- 

hcrac- 
ct']itc(l  for  I 
tIaMiiiotaol'i 
the  year.    ' 
iiiclmlini;  i 
Hkiiifl  III' 
.seals  killcil 
tor lood. 


15,017 
74,  (!27 
74,  941 
74,  892 
89,  980 
89,  087 
79,  9811 
(10,  201 
82,  000 


Tolal 
Uilli'd  I'or 
all  pur- 
poses. 


«,  017 

81,8.-.:i 

81,819 
81,977 
97.  9:i2 
ill,  91.') 
8:),  177 
07,810 
79,, -114 


1, 98:i 


11:12,  :i:!4 


117.'..  014 


ti  No  leeoril. 


hiclumire  irilh  Morloti'n  li-.llir  of  Sincmlicr  ,Vi,  1S7S :  !il<ilimcnt  of  fitr  xcalf  kiUcd  on 
SI,  < :ii>rfii:  Inliiiiil,  1S7()  to  ISIS,  iiwhtnlre. 

I'luki  II  fiiiiii  'I  leai.iry  iiKeiits'  roeord.s  St.  Ueorgo  Islniid.j 


V.-rtr, 

Killed 
miller  di- 
reetioii  of 
Tivasiiry 
agent  lor 
food. 

Killed 

hy  Alaska 

(Joniiiiei'eiai 

(.'oiupaiiy 

for  their 

skiii.s. 

Tot 
loi 

al  killed 
all  jmr- 

IOS(?S. 

187(1 

(a) 

2, 090 
2,  000 
2.191 
2.  +l« 
'.,500 

1,,'iOO 

1, 250 

1,000 

(a) 

19,077 
2.''>,  000 
25,  000 
10, 000 

'  10,0110 
10, 000 
ir..ooo 
1,!,  000 

(n) 
21,  107 

1871 

1872 

27,  000 

18711 •. 

27, 191 

1874 

12, 440 

187.", 

187B 

11.  .'lOO 

1877 

M,2.''ill 

1878 

19,  OiJU 

Tolal 

13, 98:i 

1:12.077 

1 

116  CjO 

11  No  reeoi'ii. 

S/xtriid  Af/ciil  01  is;  iirrlimindrn  f^iport for  IS',;), 

OFI'K'K  ok  S|'|;(!JAI-  AuKNI'  TiM'.ASlTUY  Departmi'.nt, 

IN  ClIAlUH!;  OF  FlIlf-rtEAL   ISLANDS, 

St.  Paul,  J  I,  lie  I,  IS7!K 
Sii!:  I  have  tlic,  honor  to  report  my  arrival  here  on  tie  27th  ultimo 
to  enter  upon  the,  (liH(hiii(,'e,  of  my  duties  as  special  aj»  .it  in  eiiaifie  ot" 
tiie  seal  ishimlH.     AH>^i.Hlanl  Hpecial  Ay-eiits  \\.  F.  Scribner  and  .J.  \V. 
Ticaman  also  arrived  ul  I  he  waiiie  time  per  steamer  St.  I'aiil. 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


115 


T  found  Assistiiiit  Special  Aj^ent  .1.11.  Moiilton  in  cliarjio,,  and  obtained 
IVoMi  liiin  inibrniatioii  touching  the  condition  of  alVairs  on  tiie  island 
dm  ill  J,'  the  ])ast  winter,  whicii  haslieen  {icnerallv  liivoial)h',  ami  ofwliidi 
1  snltinit  herewith  a  brief  lejtoit. 

Tli(!  season  was  mild,  little  or  no  ice  appearinji'  on  tlie  sea  during  the 
entire  wintei',  and  the  mercury  lalling  below  zero  on  but  one  occasion. 
Tlie  ice  limit  was  (mi  May  25  about  2(H)  miles  to  the  northward. 

Most  of  the  seal  meat  secured  last  fall  by  the  natives  ior  food  was 
si)oiled  by  tlie  mild  weather,  the  jjcople  being  without  from  the  2()th  of 
-lanuary  to  the  I'.ith  of  May,  when  282  young  seals  were  killed  for  food, 
and  on  the  2(ith  of  May  o2r»  more.  There  was,  however,  no  lack  of  bird 
meat  secured  during  tlie  winter,  and  this,  tog»!ther  with  the  supplies  of 
salmon  furnished  free  by  the  lessees  under  their  lease  and  the  other 
]»rovisioiis  bought  by  the  i)eople,  -.uiabled  the  peo]»!e  to  get  through  the 
winter  comfortably  and  to  come  out  in  the  spring  in  good  i)liysical  con- 
dition generally.  Several  barrels  of  salmon  are  left  over  from  last  year's 
snpply. 

Tliere  was  but  little  sickness  amoug  the  natives  during  the  winter. 

1  have  no  report  from  St.  (Jeorge  Island. 

The  lOnglish  school  here  was  taught  three  hours  each  week  day  from 
September  2,  1878,  to  May  8,  187!» — eight  months — with  an  average 
daily  attendance  of  .')8  ontof  atotal  of  42  on  the  school  roll.  The  Rus- 
sian school  was  taught  from  two  to  three  hours  a  day  in  the  afternoon, 
with  an  average  attendance  of  abont  U.  Assistant  Special  Agent 
Moulton  api)ears  to  have  taken  great  interest  in  the  Hnglish  school 
and  to  Inive  exerted  himself  to  i)ronu)te  its  ethciency,  as  also  has  the 
teacluM'.  James  Butrin,  a  native  Aleut,  educated  in  Vermont. 

Some  fur  seals  were  seen  about  the  island  all  winter,  and  the  bulls 
<-ommenccd  coining  ashore  unusually  early  in  the  spring.  The  regular 
killing  season  commences  to  day. 

Under  the  authority  contained  in  Departnuuit  letter  of  instructions 
dated  April  7,  187!>,  I  have  lixed  the  (juota  of  seals  to  be  killed  (ui  St. 
I'aul  Island  during  the  present  season  at  8(l,U()(»,  and  St,  (leorge  <pu)ta 
at  20,(K)(). 

Uiuler  the  same  authority  I  have  authorized  the  Alaska  Ooinuiercial 
Company  to  bring  twenty  natives  to  this  island  from  Uualaska  to 
engage  in  the  work  of  oil  nniking,  it  appearing  to  juy  satisfaction  that 
the  laborers  on  this  islaiul  have  not  the  time  or  the  disposition  to  do 
that  woik. 

("aptaiii  Moulton  reports  but  three  cases  of  (pias  brewing  since  my 
jiredecessor's  last  rejiort,  two  at  or  about  Christinas  and  the  other  May 
25.  The  ollenders  were  punished  by  having  their  extra  sugar  supplies 
stop|)ed.  The  evil  practice  has  been  substantially  broken  up  by  the 
energetic  action  of  my  jtredecessor,  Mr.  Morton,  and  his  and  my  eflicient 
assistant,  Ca])tain  Moulton.  I  have  informed  the  people,  through  their 
chiefs,  that  the  same  policy  will  be  continued. 

On  the  28th  ultimo  1  .seized  the  schooner  Lolcto-  in  these  waters  for 
siisi»ected  violation  of  law  in  api)eariiig  in  Alaskan  waters  with  illicit 
goods  in  her  cargo.  A  full  report  of  the  seizure  forms  the  subject  of  a 
s(^i)aiate  report.  I  will,  as  soon  as  practicable,  send  the  vessel  in  charge 
of  an  ollicer  to  the  harbor  of  Uualaska  (it  being  unsafe  for  her  to  lay 
at  this  island  for  any  length  of  tinu')  to  await  the  arrival  of  the  United 
States  rovenue,  cutter  Ulclianl  liusli. 

Assistant  Special  Agents  Moulton  and  S(!ribiier  have  been  assigiUMl 
to  duty  at  St.  (ieorgc  Island.     The  latter  left  for  his  post  of  duty  on 


IIG 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


the  .'{Otli  iltimo,  ami  the  former  will  follow  iis  hooii  as  ho  returns  from 
TInalaska,  whitiier  ho  is  to  {>o  in  cliarjfo  of  the  seized  vessel. 
lies])eetfully,  youi'  obedient  servant, 

llAUiasoN  G.  Otis, 
Special  Aijeut  TrcttHiirii  Department, 

in  Cliarije  of  Fur- Seal  Islands. 
Hon.  -ToiiN  Shk.rman. 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  Washington.  />.  (', 


Special  Atjeiit  Otis;   iuelosiinj  shippinij  receipts, 

Oi'FicH  OF  Si'Kci/vr.  Agent  Treasiuy  Dei'aktment, 

.S7.  I'aul  Islanil,  Jnne  1,  1879. 
Sir:  Ilorowitli  1  have  the  honor  to  inclose  certihcate  showing  tlie 
shipnient  from  this  island  of  2,.S8-I:  fur-seal  skins,  carefully  counted  by 
me;  also  a  certificate  of  Assistant  Agent  Scribner,  sliowing  the  ^hip- 
niont  of  000  skins  from  St.  (Joorgo  Island — iill  of  tlie  quota  rf  187!). 

That  otiicer  reports  under  date  of  May  '.i\,  1879,  the  state  of  seal 
rookeries  there  as  being  favorable,  and  that,  in  consequence  of  the  nii'd 
winter,  the  season  is  ten  days  earlier  than  usual. 
Your  obedient  servant, 

Hakuison  (1.  Otis, 

'J'reasnry  Ayn '  in  Charye. 
Hon.  Joim  Sherman, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  Waslnnylon,  />.  (J, 


I 


the 
a 


fnitosuriH  with  OHk'  letter  (if  •Jnni:  ■/,  7A7.9;  shippimj  reveipls. 

Isi.ANii  OK  St.  fir.oiidE,  Man  fit,  1S70. 
This  is  to  certify  that  600  fur-seal  skins  \\i\\i\  tliis  diiy  hfi'ii  shipiied  on  hoard  thi 
Alaska (lonirnercia!  (;oini)aiiy's  .S/.  Paul,  Captain   lOrskino  niantor,  for  Unalaska  vis 
St.  Paul  Island. 

li.  F.  ScitiliNKit,  .lHHinUint  TreaHiiry  Aijent. 

Isi.ANM»  oi-  St.  TAri,,  June  I,  1S70. 
This  is  to  certify  that  2,8SI  fnr-soal  skins  have  this  day  been  shipped  on  hoard  the 
Al.'iska  ConinitTf'ial  Company's  steamer  .S7.   I'anl,  Erskinit  master,  destined  for  San 

liAltlilsoN  (i.  Otis,  Tnamirii  .li/cnt  in  Charge, 


Francisco  later  in  I  lit;  season. 


SpecittI  Ayent  Otis;  annual  report  for  187!). 

San  Kuan<!1S("0,  Auyust  25,  1870. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  followiig  rejjort  of  operations 
on  the  seal  islands  of  St.  I'anI  and  St.  (Jeorge,  Ahiska,  under  my 
charge,  for  the  year  ending  with  tlie  sealing  season, just  closed. 

Tlie  lessees'  sterner  St.  I*au\,  on  wliicli  1  took  passage  at  San  Fran- 
cisco May  8  last,  arrived  at  St.  I'aul  Island  May  'J7.  Tlie  regular  seal- 
ing season  commenced  on  both  islands  .Mine  2  and  (teased  July  10.  Tiie 
full  quota  of  fur-seal  skins  allowed  by  law  to  be  taken  was  secured  iu 
^'■ss  than  forty  working  days  and  shipped  from  the  islands. 


ALASKA    INDUSTItlKS. 


117 


Tho  result  of  tlie  entire  killing  since  last  year's  work  closed  is  siiowii 
in  the  accompany iiifi  tabnlated  statements^  marked  respectively  A  and 
B.  The  skins  were  all  carefully  counted  by  myself  and  assistants,  and 
the  sliipments  were  as  follows: 

From  St.  I'aiil  iHlaiiil: 

.1  lino  4 2, 884 

July  17 :{,038 

July  li) :i,  iin(i 

July  21 -S.i,  KK) 

July  2a it,!l(iH 

July  23 12,:i2() 

July  27 7,LM() 

July  28 17,  IHS 

SO,  000 

Kroni  St.  (ieorj^e  IhIiuuI: 

May  31  »i()0 

July  14 (i.'.tOO 

July  24 «.2(il 

July  25 l,2;iti 

20, 000 

Total 100, 000 

Certificates  covering  these  shipments,  marked  iesi»ectively  C,  1),  K, 
F,  G,  and  11,  accompany  my  report,  and  duplicates  have  been  furnislied 
to  the  collector  of  customs  at  ISan  Krancisco. 

The  steamer  left  St.  Paul  Island  on  her  return  voyage  Jnly  2!)  and 
reached  San  Francisco  August  15,  bringing  from  the  seal  islands  8r),()0() 
fur-seal  skins  and  a  <(uantity  of  seal  oil.  The  skins  have  been  recounted 
by  me,  with  the  aid  of  oneof  my  assistants,  Special  Agent. I.  II.  Moulton, 
at  this  i)ort.  The  remainder  of  the  (piota,  15,000  skins,  were  left  in 
warehouse  at  Unalaska  to  be  shipjjed  hereafter.  This  lot  was  also 
counted  out  of  the  ship  at  that  port  by  myself  and  assistant. 

The  sealing  season  was  favorable;  the  "drives'' were  easily  made, 
and  large  as  a  rule,  aud  the  catch  was  taken  without  difliculty. 

The  numbers  of  seals  of  all  kinds — bulls,  cows,  bachelors,  and  pups — 
were,  it  is  believed,  fully  up  to  the  best  standard  of  pre(!eding  years; 
but  no  correct  estimate  of  the  aggregate  (;an  safely  be  given.  It 
amounts  to  millions. 

It  was  not  found  necessary  to  kill  all  the  killable  seals  driven,  and 
perhaj)s  from  10  to  25  per  cent  of  each  drive  was  allowed  to  escape, 
only  the  choicest  animals  being  taken.  After  the  catch  had  been  com- 
jdctcd  large  numbers  of  killable  seals  remained  on  the  hauling  grounds 
or  about  the  island  shores.  The  number  of  animals  which  perished  on 
the  drives  was  small,  amounting  to  only  20,  by  actual  connt,  on  the 
island  of  St.  George,  and  to  perhaps  2.50,  or  one  fourth  of  1  per  cent,  on 
St.  Paul.    The  mortality  among  the  pu])s  is  small. 

The  skins  taken  and  accei)ted  by  the  Alaska  Commercial  Comi)any 
are  all  prime  aud  of  good  size,  averaging  in  weight  a  trille  over  8 
l)onnds  each. 

Care  has  been  taken  to  keep  the  breeding  rookeries  undisturbed,  and 
I  consider  their  condition  favorable.  There  are  0  principal  breeding 
rookeries  on  St.  Paul  Island,  and  4  on  St.  George. 

Unnecessary  shooting  everywhere  on  the  islands  is  strictly  prohibited 
during  the  period  when  the  seals  are  hauled  out,  and  all  shooting  what- 
ever in  the  vicinity  of  the  breeding  rookeries  is  forbidden  at  all  times. 

Otter  Island  is  gnarded  by  an  officer  and  two  men  from  the  United 
States  revenue  cutter  Richard  liitsli,  who  will  remain  on  that  duty  until 
the  departure  of  the  cutter  from  those  waters,  late  in  September  or  early 


118  ALASKA    INDU8THTKS. 

ill  Ov.UAh't.  No  itrcdntoiy  vessels  Iiad  aitpeared  about  any  of'tlic  jhIimkIs 
of  tlie  l'iil)ilnr  ;,N'oiii»  lip  to  1.1i»'  time  of  my  (i(  ]>ai'tiii'e,  sa v<'  f  lie  scliooiier 
Ijolchi,  wliicli  was  seized  by  me  on  tlie-Ttii  ol"  May  last  and  llie  ciise 
fully  lepoileil  to  you  at  the  time.  Her  (lestiiiatii)ii,  iio\ve\(!r,  was  tli«^ 
Arctic  siioi)'  of  Al;iska. 

i  |»ersoiia1ly  visited  St.  Geoifje  Island  twice  (hiriii{>'  tin-  sensoii,  and 
exainiiied  into  its  alfairs  as  closely  as  pnu;ti<'able.  The  inipn)ved  con 
dition  of  the,  seal  life  of  this  island  and  the  iiiereased  imiiibers  of  seals 
this  year,  as  rejiorted  l)y  olliceis  and  ajionts  stafi<»iied  there,  convince 
ine  that  no  mistake  was  made  in  iiicreasiiiji;  tlit;  island's  (piota-  of  skins 
from  IS.OOO  to  'Jd.lXlO  for  1.S70.  This  inciease  has.  besides,  had  the 
effect  of  enabling,'  a  more  <'(|iiitable  distiibntioii  of  the  proceeds  to  be 
made  amoii;,^  the  natives  of  the  two  islands. 

OIL   AM)   oil.   .MANUFACTUKINd. 

JJy  I)ei)aitinent  lett(M'  of  instructions,  dated  Ai)i'il  7,  bSTlt,  I  was 
directed  as  follows: 

^'c)ll  will  i(i|iiiic  tlir  Aliiskii  ('(iiriiniTcinl  Coiiiiiniiy  to  ('xliilplt  tn  you  llicir  IiooUh 
Kliiivviii^  till'  uiiiiiiiMls  Mi'tiially  |i<iiil  t(i  tliu  Indiiins  |  rii:ilas|<:i  .\|riitN{  Inr  liilior  in 
taking  llii'  l.'i.nOO  ^jalloiis  <il' oil  last  season  jlSTsJ ;  alsollio  payiuriilH  which  may 
b<i  iiiaile  lor  lil<(5  si'r\  ii't's  ill  laliin;;  oil  (iMriiifj  the  iiri'sont  Ncasoii,  ami  )li(W|iiaiitity 
liiUi'M,  anil  iiiaki'  a  lull  io|iort  thiit'ol'  in  diitail  at  the  closr  of  tlio  Nivalin;;  w^aHoii. 

Ilavinji complied  with  these  instructions,  I  now  report  as  follows: 
(1)  'I"he  sum   ])aid   l>ytlie  company  tor  labor  in  making'  oil  in   the 
se  isoii  of  \H1H  is  shown  to  be  >'1,02L'.1)2,  viz: 

A.'iioiiiil  |iaiil  to  nalivcH  of  I'nalaHka: 

S(;\cij  iiiiii  workiiiH  17  iiioiitliH  IH  (lavs,  at  $:!()  ami  fll)  imt  iiioiiIIi,  witli 

hoard ' m^'.h8'2 

Aiiioiiiit  paid  III  natixos  of  St.  I'aiil  Island  : 

'I'wo  iiirn  working  1  nioiitiis  2i!  days,  with  hoard ijiliD.'i.  (X) 

NiiKiK'on  men  working  1»8  days  1  lionr,  at +1  jm  r  day 1H«,  10 

;!!);{.  10 

Total l.Ol'L'.  02 

lieinj;  at  the  rate  of  about  0.8  cents  jter  oallon  for  the  l.">.(l(K)  jjallons 
made. 

{2}  The  jiresent  season  17,4()0  o-allons  of  oil  were  made,  and  the  sum 
])aid  for  labor  in  makiii};-  it  was: 

Anniiint  paid  to  nativi'H  of  I'nalaska: 

Si.\  nieii  'J  iiiontlm  each,  at  +10,  witli  hoard iflHO,  00 

I'omtei'ii  men  H  months  ciirh,  at  +30,  with  hoard OlfO  00 

.$1,110.00 

AinoHiit  paid   to  natives  of  St.  I'aiil  Island: 

.Nine  iiicii  10  nmnlliH  10  days,  at  from  +L'.")  to  +S0  per  iiionlli,  with  hoaid.       r),">(I.OG 

Total I,W)6.  0(! 

Heiii},'  at  th(f  rate  of  about!*..')  cents  ])er  }>allon. 

It  will  b(!  seen  that  this  is  a  considerable  increase  in  the  re])ort.ed 
cost  p(!r  gallon  of  nianfaf'turingover  that  of  1878.  I  am  not  advised  as 
to  the  ri'asiin  of  that  inciease. 

Of  this  .season's  manufacture  1L',()7G  jrallons  remained  at  Ht.  I'aiil 
Ishuid,  live  jtackiifjes,  1,0.'J!)  j;a'h)iis,  were  shipped  to  J'nalaskit  for 
the  u.se  of  the  natives,  and  the  remiiinder,  (l,L'4!»  {Gallons,  were  shipped 
to  Situ  Franci.sco.  There  are  by  the  f,fauji,e  marks  l!(,.'{(il  j,mIIoiis.  I  had 
no  instrnment  at  the  island  for  correctly  {;aujniiij;'  the  oil,  smd  if  it  is 
d(!sired  by  the  Department  that  the  {jiiujic  niiirks  be  ve;itied,  I  re(;om- 
mend  thtit  the  work  be  dom^  here  by  a  rc},nilar  j'tinger.  The  eompaiiy 
claims  the  usual  commercial  dis(;ount  of  10  iier  cent. 


ALASKA    IN'imsri.'IKH. 


119 


I  IIK   NAini;   l'Kr)|>r,K. 

Tlie  native  iiiliiiltitiiiits  of  SI.  I'iiiil  Isliimi  niimhcr  2(>L'  souls,  liviii}; 
(ioiiilni'tiilily  ill  i'}'2  Iriiiiio  houses;  iiiid  those  of  St,  (ieor},'e  Ishiiid  nniii- 
ber  .SS  souls,  liviiij,'  in  like  iiiiiiiiier  in  Jl  houses  of  the  Siiine  kind. 

The,  vital  statisticsof  Die  islands  show  \U  births,  S  iiiarriiij;es,  and  -I 
deaths  (til  St.  I'aiil  diiriii;^'  tlie,  year  eiidiii{(  Deeeniber  .'{j,  IS7S;  and  5 
liirtiis,  no  inaniajies,  aii(l  0  deaths  on  St.  (Icorfje  diirinj,' the  year  ended 
.Inly  15,  187!),  when  the  census  was  last  (iikeii.  It  will  be  seen  that 
the  inerease  in  population  is  slow.  Since  l.s(i!i  the  birtlison  St,  (ieorf,fe 
have  been  oli,  and  thedeatlis  the  same  number.  On  St.  Paul  there  has 
been  a  total  natural  increase  of  .'!  souls  since  \H~2. 

It  is  very  elear  that  the  physical  and  moral  condition  of  this  people 
has  advanced  under  Aniciicaii  rule,  and  is  still  slowly  but  steadily 
iinproviuf;'.  The  rejiressivc  nieasiiies  enforced  a;;ainsttlie  manufacture 
of  (|uas,  or  home  brewed  beer,  and  the  use  of  distilled  spirits  of  all 
kinds  have  had  tiie  elfect  of  piacti(  ally  irt)olishiiiy  drunkenness,  and 
the  good  results  an;  apparent  in  the  improved  appearance  and  conduct 
of  the  i)eople.  It  is  unfortunate,  however,  tiiat  these  ]»eoide,  whose 
season  of  labor  is  restricted  mainly  to  the  short  summer,  have  soniuch 
idle  time  on  their  hands,  which,  beinj;-  hirjicly  devoted  by  many  of  the 
men  to  eatiii};',  sleeping,  and  {iambliii;,^  is  demoralizinn'. 

The  niainteuancc!  by  the  lessees  of  the  Miifilisii  school,  reiiuired  by  hnv 
to  bi'  kei)t  II])  for  eijjht  months  in  each  yeai',  is  haviufj  a  marked  bene- 
ficial elfect  upon  the  youll<,^  who  make  fair  pro;;ress  in  their  studies. 
On  St.  Paul  Island  the  school  is  Inrtiiiiate  in  Ix-iiifi'  conducted  by  a 
native  teacher,  .lames  l;iitiiii,  who  possesses  a  ^(kmI  Mnjilish  education, 
and  nundi  industry,  tact,  and  ener;,^y.  The,  attendance  at  the  last  term 
averaged  311  out  of  a  total  enrollment  of  {'J  ])iipils.  To  secure  this 
attendance,  however,  recjiiired  constant  ellbrt  and  vigilance  on  the  part 
of  the  agents  of  the  (JovcrnmiMit  and  of  the  lessees.  The  unprogress- 
ive  parents  do  litth;  to  second  these  efforts,  and  reipiire  to  be  frequently 
s])iured  U]),  The  English  schools  are  under  tlie  immediate  supervision 
of  my  assistants.  A  Kiissiaii  school  is  also  taught  two  luuirs  each  day 
by  priests  of  the  (Jieek  church.  A  coiniiiodious  and  comfortable  mod- 
ern school  building  has  recently  been  eiei'ted  by  the  Alaska  Coramer- 
cial  Company  for  the  use  of  the  ))(M)|ile. 

The  earnings  of  the  native  workers  engaged  in  sealing  the  present 
season  were  as  follows: 

On  St.  I'niil  TsliiiKl— 

7!l,5l3iiriiin'  riciil  nkiiis,  ;it  10  emits ifUl.Sl".  20 

•l")?  oit  Mini  Hkiiis,  iit  L'll  iTiitH !tl.  10 

:US  sea-lion  sl<inH.  ;it  (id  cciitM lilO.HO 

St  liarn-ls  iiitcstiiion.  at  $0 51.00 

Total     .32, 153.  10 

Distriliiitod  ns  follows — 

01  iiiKt-dass  shan^H,  at  ffllO.Tr. 20,288.00 

()  sei'oiid-class  shares,  at  ^liillt.OT ■'.  218.  02 

6  third-class  sliaros,  at  $328. (iO 1,971.00 

;j  fourth -class  sliari's,  at  +287.52 J)75.  01 

3  special  ajijiroiiriatioiis 050,  00 

3  chiefs,  each  $150  extra 450.  00 

32,  152.  00 
Balance  to  church 71 

Total 32,  153.  10 


120  AI.A.SKA    )OUf:»fHtm. 

Ou  St.  Gcorxo  Isliuid— 

20,000  ju'lnii'  Heal  HkiiiH.  tit  40  <<mi<*. i(,n  OOO 

t)istribiite(l  as  follows — 

7  sbarcH,  at  ^UVri  caoli 2  fi^f) 

7  hIuucs,  at  'f'M't')  ciicli •.•.■.•..'.!.'........".'!!!!.'.'...'...  U  555 

3  shares,  at  $H15  lacli ■•.....!...!.......'....'!...!!!  'l)l5 

3  shares,  at  $L'70  (•acli '.    .'.'.'  810 

1  share,  at)|i27r> ,'.'.'/'     '\ !.!!......!.......  275 

1  share,  at  iti210 ..'..' 210 

1  share,  at  itil'OO ■......[..........."'..[..  2(X) 

Church ^-y/..-/..  ^v/////////////^'.'.'.'.       •sm 

'J'otal .-.. 8,000 

This  is  exclusive  of  siiriis«'.ai/M/<  ii,»i>  ^{^v  v^<ftk  in  otlier  eiiiploynicnts. 

The  proceeds  are,  <listiil>utx',<j  ^^^mt'^hi^  ninoufi  tiie  peojyle  throiifjh 
their  chiefs  aiid  head  iiicd,  so  UM  ^U  f^hntc.  in  tlie  coinnioii  earuin}?s. 
Tlie  wants  of  all  are  pi<>vi<ie«i  t'/t:  M*/.y  f,five  wherewithal  to  feed, 
clothe,  and  warm  thenisehTi.s,  Hit4  i^nt^f^t)  contentment  prevails. 

The  lessees  of  the  islands— tjw  MmkH  fomrnerciiil  Company— have 
complied  with  tlie  rerms  and  f*mti}iUtiH  ttf  tho ir  lease. 

The  accompaiiyin)4'  aetjouuls  i-.Hnmi,  iimtkca  \  and  F<:,  show  the  con- 
dition of  the  fish,  fuel,  and  >.v\n^>\  ^:^'-/rtiffi>^  on  botii  islands. 

The  fuel  (00  tons  coal)  U,y  Un-  i,i*>t;  ^4  ny,^.  natives  during  the  succeed- 
ing year  had  been  deliveied  iM^U/m  t  Mt.  the  islands.  The  salmon  was 
yet  to  arrive  by  schooner. 

The  important  question  \\\udim'  d^  se»l  life  of  these  islands  is 
increasing  or  diinini.<hing  is  out^vkHt  1  will  feel  more  competent  to 
conlidently  and  deliniti;],\  answ*'*,  ftMft  (i^-r.soTial  knowledge,  after  fur- 
ther observation.  It  is  the  expi*-*^^  f^Mpf  of  reliable  white  observers 
of  long  experience  on  the  seal  >sJ;iiiiii4<,- ir»cliiding  (lovernment  olTlcers, 
that  the  seal  life  is  uow  as  uumm'iI^w*  f*^  ftt  an  v  former  period  since  the 
transfer  of  the  Territojy  U)  ii^  t':tftfH]  States;  and  it  is  my  own 
opinion  that  so  long  as  tlj«e  t-^-ah  mtrntatc  to  visit  these  islands  in  pres- 
ent numbers,  and  at  the  ]>n'intut  ^m:  f4  killing,  and  with  proper  care 
exercised  in  protecting  the  UiM'HUffi  tfyokcrics^,  the  period  of  their 
extermination  maybe  UnleiiuiU-if  |b¥,«*f(K,Tied;  but  no  increase  in  the 
number  now  annually  kille<i  trngUfht  /rty  indgment,to  be  permitted  by 
the  Government. 

It  is  proper  to  say,  however,  iiy.^  tmi>y  of  the  native  people  profess 
to  believe  that  tlie  seals  aie  thM-ft^'^itAihg  i'u  numbers  on  St.  Paul  Island. 
In  an  interview  with  me.  th<e  mt-'h't^  Miiefs  ascribed  the  alleged  fact 
to  the  presence  of  the  stearji  mi  syofk^,  ^thfj  asserted  that  the  steam, 
the  odor,  and  the  odal  fi.ini  iiH'.iHi  Vf^hfi  hmt-  the  ett'octof  driving  away 
the  seals.  They  do  not,  ho\vev*«.  ^it  tfrt  my  reduction  in  the  number 
of  seals  permitted  to  be  kilie/i. 

I  repeat  these  as.serlions  aiwi  */i^WMm  to  yon  in  compliance  with  a 
promise  made  to  the  chiefs,  (J*<w^j^|l,i  i  ntm  not  able  to  concur  in  their 
view, since  my  own  obseivati/>»  nf^i  t:iiP:  best  impartial  and  intelligent 
■white  testimony  I  could  gatli«r  f/nmiH'*,  me.  that  the  ])resence  of  the 
oil  works  has  no  jtenteptible  ,e>fo«|i.  npfftt  the  seal  life.  The  rookery 
nearest  the  oil  works  (but  a  fosy  ff4A  ff^fty)  is  increasing  rather  than 
diminishing. 

Nevertheless,  if  it  shall  ever  Hftm**  «*»f,  the  oil  factory  does  have  the 
effect  of  driving  the  seals  awyy.  <//  t^i^ffit  the  smallest  e.-^rtent,  its  opera- 
tion should  be  forthwith  stopped,  'f'ii^  mrtV  of  making  oii  lias  no  impor- 
tance to  the  Government  OA'  mmf^fchtWy  when  compaie<l  with  the 


E^ 


ALASKA    INDl'STIflF-fl. 


121 


!tl5 
810 
275 
210 
200 
380 


\tvrumtwut  im^siirviilion  of  tlie  vast  a^'^MCfjatioii  of  precious  iuiiniiil  life 
wlii<;li  Hi'ckH  iiiid  liiids  ii  coiiffcniiil  suiniiu'r  lialtitiit  on  tlies«  remote  and 
iKolatctI  HJiortts. 

My  aMHistiints,  SiKjcial  A;,'(!nts  ,).  II.  Moiiltoii,  H.  J''.  Scribiicr,  and 
.1.  W,  IJeainan,  liavc  Initlifiilly  and  inlcllif^cntly  pcrlorincd  tlm  Ho.vcial 
diitJCH  assj^rncd  to  tliiMo.  'I'lic  lirst  named  is  now  on  leav<^  ot'abseneo 
from  Mie  hepartnnMit;  tlie  two  latter  nMnain  on  duty  at.  the  ishmd. 

Ilavirif,'  letnrned  to  Man  Franeiseo  nnder  tlie  antliority  };iven  me, 
and  completed  my  rejiort,  I  now  have  the  Intiinr  to  sidimit  the  same 
and  await  yonr  further  instiuctions. 

I  am,  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

llAiiiMsoN  (J.  Otis, 
Trmmirii  Aijeitt  lit  Chiiri/i:  of  Seal  Ishtntlx,  Aluxlca. 

II(MI.  .lolIN    SlIKKMAN, 

Scrritiirii  of  the  Trrasiirti,   \Vii.sliini)l<m,  l>.  <K 


A.- 


liirliiHurc  Willi  (Hill'  iiiiniiiil  iriiiiil  for  AV;.'/, 
Sliilemi'iil  of  fur  «««/«  killed  al  SI.  I'uiil  Jslaiiil,  Alanha,  kikhiiii  of  IS7S-7!). 


Iteid, 


111711, 


SciiIh  killed  liv  ii,itivc«  Icir  fiidil. 


litinktM'y. 


Skills         SkliiH 
ruj(M-te(l.  iiri-r|)h-(l. 


1^  V 


s 
c 


Si'iil  Hkiiin  liiki'ii 
I    liv  the  AIiiNkii       .  . 

r„.,„n..r,i«l       AKgn-sato. 
'      Cdiiiimuy.       I 

•:         ■       -5  »'     1  ^     s,      t   :      §• 

(ft     i    •/;  c  TV     >      ? 


.(iilv 

lifi 

Ann. 

ID 

•a 

K(!((l, 

■i 

M 

M 

o<t, 

2 

ll> 

Kiiv, 

1 

4 

fl 

M 

W 

W 

A»K 

1- 

l».M. 

14 

IH7», 

MliV 

1(1 

20 

'Iniii 

'» 

7 

'i.aso 


331! 

■Jill 
17:i' 
I'll 

l&U 
144 
148 

141), 


I/Oft  fivfT  I'rom  jirovioiis  spoRiiii . 

/cill.il 

...(in 

...lid 

do 

...ilo 

...  flo 

l/iiknniioii 

ilo 

do 

do 2,000' 2,000'. 

Zoi  I  oi 1, 25,';: 1 .  '"■■'■• 


1,3H1);. 


1 7:1 . 

211  . 
1.1I1  . 
144. 
148. 
14U. 


i'll 


.  do 

Tidntoi  iiikI  Ui'Ct 
....do 


Norllii'iiHt  I'oint..'. 

Soiitliwi'Ht  and  KiikI'^Ii  Ii,'iv». 

U<(f ■-. 


It 

10 

(I 
12 
1:1 
14 

1A 
17 

IH 
lU 
2(1 
21 


I'.iHtlinli  mid  Soutliwost  bn.v.s 

mid  Tidntoi 

If.' 


MiiHway  I'oiiit 

Hoiitliwimtaiid  KiicliHli  liii.VH. 

TiiIhIoI 

Uccf.  Zolloi,  mid  Ki'davin 

Soiitliwi'Ht     liov   and    Middlr 

Hill ■-    

IliiUwiiy  I'liiiil 

SoNlhwi'Bl    ISiiv    and    Middle 

Mill 

line),  Keetavie,  anil  Zolloi  .. 
SoiithweHt  and  lOn^li^^li  liays. 
TidHloland  .Middle  Hill  ..'... 
UtM-)'.    Keeta\ie.  and    l.iikan- 

IIOU 


571; !     571i. 

■■•■l,142l 

....      8D3i       13 


14  1,  lOfl 
Kt     778 


i;i;i;. 


1:13 . 


x\\ 

•i'H. 

173  . 

211 

150. 

144. 

148. 

149. 

380  . 

000  . 

255. 

,571  . 

142 

8531 


3Rg 
331 
2»4 


1, 128 
8IS 


1,)3       133 


278|. 
.525. 


274 
5|X 


I5U 

l.fKlO 

4U  . 
I.  IKO 
l.l.Ofl 
108  . 
728 

iKI3 
.'.10 

1.321 

!)U7 

l.lol 

I.IOH 

1,041) 


182 

1,027    1, 

434 
l.lh8    1, 
1,402    1 

'108 

730 

l»07 
522 


111    1, 


331 
914 
110 


1.178    1 


278 
526 
102 

027 

4:m 

18H 
402 

498i 
73ll| 

ii97i 
522i 

I 
,  331 

014 
,110 

170 


278 
525 
1U2 

1,027 

434 

1,188 

1.402 

408 

730 

D!»7 
522 

1,331 
014 

I. no 

1,170 


1,053    1,053    1,053 


122  ALASKA    INUlJSTlilKS. 

A. — SIdliiiK'iil  iif  liir  kkiIh  hUliil  (il  SI.  I'liiil  Inhinit,  .l/oi/.d,  i/c  — ( 'olitiiiiiril. 


SciiIh  killnl  li\'  itiilivrM  Inr  ItMiil. 


.Sen)  skills  liiki'll 

liv  III"  .\lliska       . 
i     C.MMinrrrlal       -^--"H"!"- 
<N>iii|iaiiy.      I 


Dull-. 

18-n. 

Jini)'  1 11 

UiHikiry. 
N'nrllii'nut  Point 

.  1 

1  ' 

Ski 

I'l'.ji'i 

u 
£.S 

.       7- 

Id     ' 
till. 

>. 

V 

a 

7. 

skins 
irri'|ili'd. 

3      1 

£   i 

1 

r.         S 
.5         « 

'Si       ■~ 
t.      « 

£       a 
I     \ 

1 

1 
1  52."i 

t  =11:1 

:i'  1,.'.28   i,.-i'.'8 

1  '"Mn      (Hill 

.',    I..i,li    1,8(111 
8     1,745    1,715 
li     l-'.'8!l     I,2.'<!l 

\K  2.  :ioii  2.  :ioii 

7     1.8'J2    1,822 
14     l,!l!P5    l,illl."i 

6    1.512    1,512 

2  1.910    l.iilo 

1             1 
6    1,20(1    1,20(1 
2    1..55II    1,550 
:i    1,414    1.414 
4  1,  :i:i(i    l.:i:io 

4  1.074    1,1171 

5  l.iiii.-.    1.1105 
0   2.(117    2.1117 

111   2,148    2.  118 

6  1.885     1,885 

II  1,0:12   l.!i:rj 
(I   2.  Kill   2,  liKl 

7  1.  1118    1.  1118 

III  2.521    2.521 

7  1  ,ri28    l.e'J.-l 
:i        811(1        Hdil 

8  1.088     1.1188 

11  2.077    2.077 

9  1.528    1.528 

10    1,020    1,020 
5      08:i      98:i 

7        048        018 

12  2,418   2,418 
5,   1,264     1.2114 
8,  1,5111    1.510 
2:      398       308 

21    2.652   2,652 

13  1,2:1:1    1.2:13 

12'  2,282   2,282 

...;       157        157 

=  0-: 

B 

1 ,  .528 

17 

(Ill  

; 

11(15 
l,H.'i5 

9(1(1 

18 

(In 

111 

,1„ 

1 

1,7:17 

1.28:i 

2,  2K2 
1,815 
I.IIHI 

l,5;i(l 
l,!i:i8, 

1,2110' 
1..54a 

1,715 

211 

2:i 

<1 

'I'lilsioi  mill  Miililli'  Hill 

1 

1 .  2S1I 

2.  :iiio 

24 
25 
211 

SllUlllUrsI  Itllll   |-;ilL:Iisll  llllVH  .  . 
liirf.  Zllllni,  IIIkI  Kri'liivil'' 

r.ilsi,.!.  Miiidli.  Hill.  Kn;;llHli 
lla\'  mill  /olliii 

1.822 
1,905 

1,512 

27 

1.911) 

28 

Ki'iliivir,     I.iikaiiiiiiii.     ItiM't', 

1.200 

2;i 

1.550 

24 

lid 

1,411 

1  3:15 

1.414 

25 

ill) 

1,  :rio 

20 

il<i 

1,070 
1.(1(111 
2,11118 
2,  1:12 
1.8711 
I.II2I 
2,  II!  17 

l,ii7l 

27 

ilii  

1,11115 

:n' 

.Iiilv      1 

■I'lilHlHJaiMl  MliliUii  Hill 

Kiiiilisli  liav 

2,617 
2,  1 18 

1  8.-I5 

:i 

4 

TiiIhIiiI  .Mill  .Miilillii  Hill 

KiiL'lisli  liav 

1.0:12 
2.  106 

5 
J  mil'  :ill 

illllV       1 

liiikaiiiiiin  and  Kiirtax'io 

NiMllii'aHl  I'liiiit 

....  ,|i> 

— 

1.  nil 

2.  .Oil 
1,1121 

8(t:i 
1.0811 
2.  0(16 
l,5llt 

l.lilM 
2,  5'.'4 
1 ,  628 

2 

...  do 

811(1 

:i 

(Ij)  

1 .  988 

4 

do      

2.  077 

7 

'rolslnl  anil  MIdilli'  Hill 

1,.528< 

8 

Zolloi,  Ki-rtnvli',  iinil  Liikmi- 

1 

i 

1,010 

078 

!M1 

2.411(1 

1, 259 

1,920 

0 

HI 

Ziilliii  and  Ki'ilavii) 

do 



.... 

98:( 
918 

7 
8 

Nortlirast  roiiit 

....  do 

i;;;;; ;;;;; 

1 

.... 

2.418 
1 ,  264 

<l 

do 

1               ; 

1,511  . 

30(1 
2,6:11 
1,22(1 

2,270 
157. 

1.51 9 

111 

do 

( 

398 

M 

Ziiltiii 

1 

2,  (152 

11 

1 

; 

1.2:13 
2, 282 

111 

;  Middli'  Hill,  Tolstoi,  and  l.ii- 
1      kaiiiion    ... 

1 

: 

• 

IC 

di 

1               i 

1.57 

Tolal 

5,219 

1,02113,4:11 

rj.'jofi 

4, 537 

73 

76.  207 

)8:!  76,  (180  86,  423 

80, 572 

'I'otal  HliiiHiiont.  iiuota 
idlS^i) 

1 

80, 000 

Ivi'inninjn;;  on  hand,  to 
111'  cliarjii'd  to  ipiota  iil' 
IHMI 

I 

' 

572 

i 

1 

ALASKA   INDl'STRIES. 


12.T 


li. — Sliili'iniiil  ii/l'iir  ni;ih  hilli'il  III  SI.  (tiiiviji'  i'hIiiiiiI.  .ihixhi.  «(((««»  "/  /.vr.V- ,','/. 


:rcyiit(<. 


Ki^alrt  killcil  1i,\'  iiiiHvrH  for  i'mu]. 


hC'lll    HkillM    IlllO'll 

li.v  lliii  Aliiskii 
('iiiiiiiii'i'i'Inl 
<.'i>iji|>iiiiy. 


A«(,'r(({ati'. 


I  III  to. 


IH7S-7I).    I 
.Inlv'JH     }  Xciitli. 
Mbv    hi    ) 

1878.     I 

Nov.i-ir) 


liiinUMi-y, 


18711. 
Juiiu    3 


..lo. 


....<I() 

1(1      KdBl   

11  I  Soiitlnvcst  lliiy 

12  Starry  A  loti' 

II)  I  SoiitlnvcHt  llav 

16  I  KiiHt 

17  i  Sciiitliwcst  liav 

1»  I  Starry  Alccl  iiiiil  Nurlli 

20  '  Kant  ". 

2(1     Siiiitliwcst  llav 

2;i     N'orlli  and  Slii'ny  Aticl 

2H     Slllltll\l'l^nt  J!av. 

2.1      ICa-st ' 

Z.I     Sc>iilliwe»t  llav 

27    do ' 

27     North  and  Slarrv  .Vtril 

;iO  1  Ka.st ". 

.Tilly     :i  I  Ndrtli  and  Starry  .MpcI 

3  Sontliwist  liav 

4    do '. 

6  North 

7  Kast 

8  North  and  Starry  .\tcil 

U  I  East '. , 

111     .N'orth 

Hi     Soiitlnvost  liav 


I     ' 
I    I    I 


SKinx       ^     I 
n'J.'i'lcd.  ;=-; 


4 


,u   .as 


1,127  ' :ilii  811 


l,5iiO 


1,  riiio 


1,1^7 


fill 

111! 

ur, 

44."i 

w> 

1115 

li:i 

413 

372 

372 

u:, 

445 

4'M 

408 

75.'i 

7.1,5 

•173 

473 

1:111 

430 

."■il.l 

."il5 

571 

,'•.74 

882 

882 

r,2i 

522 

2811 

■M*r, 

1,1711 

1,1711 

1,581 

1..5HI 

1,412 

1,412 

8411 

84 1« 

B51 

;i5i 

535 

■.:i5 

1,738 

1.738 

1.2«1 

1,2111 

i,8;io 

l,8;iti 

8ii:i 

8(i:i 

l,:;(lli 

l,3lil) 

11    1 


3  a   . 
2^1 


3      ■-■:    -■-■  ii=  iil 


m 


811 


l,,10li 


fiil 
4,'i(l 
lO.I 
413 
37'.! 
445 
,50L' 
7."<.'» 
473 
434 
515 
5711 
888 
521 
287 

I.  1711 
I,') 

1,414 

8111 

351 
535 
1,775 
I.  2(13 
1,81(1 
81);) 
1,311,1 


IIU 

445 

1115 

•»13 

372 

445 

4118 

7,55 

473 

430 

515 

574 

8x1; 

522 

2.-II1 

1.  1711 

1,584 

1,412 

849 

351 

535 

I,7:i8 

1,201 

l,8;iii 

8113 
1,3«U 


Total I,5(IU    1,127    1,5UU  |31«   811 

Total  Hhipniunt,  qnota                                       { 
of  18711 I 


Ki'nniinin;;  on  liand,  to 
ho  (.'liar;:ed  to  (piota 
of  1880 


(ill 


19,  7,-)8    19,758  j  83   22,4118     2(1, 
I I 1 20,0(10 


SCO 


liiclomin:  Willi  iitin'  iiiiiuiul  niiiirt  for  IS7!>. 

C. 

I.-fi.ANi)  OF  St.  I'.vri.,  .Inne  •/,  IS^.O. 
This  ia  to  ccu'tify  tli.'it  L',SSI  fiir-.m-nl  .skins  liiivc  this  diiy  ticcii  sliiji|ieil  on  liomd  tlio 
Aliiskii  CiMiiinei'cial  (Jtmipiiny's  sti^aiiicr  til.  J'aul,  lOrskine,  iiiiistor,  dcstiiu'd  lor  ,>^iiii 
Francisco. 

H.viiuisoN  (i,  Otis, 
Treasitrii  Aijcnl,  in  I'hanif. 

1), 

Island  of  .'^^T.  I'ait.,  ,/»/«  :2'J,  is:9. 
This  is  to  certify  Ili;it  Hiiioo  .Iiiiic  l,  1S7II  (ihitc  of  lust  ccrtiliciito),  77,1111  fiir-,seal 
Hkitis  ji.ivc  liccii  .sjiiiiiii'd  on   Imard   the  .\lii,sk,i  ( 'oiiiiiicrciMl  ( 'oiii|iiiiiy',s  stciiiiior  .S7. 
i'aiil,  iiiakiuf;  in  iiil  S(),000  shijipod  from  this  i.sluiid  dnriiij^  tlie  present  season. 

IIahkison  G.  Otis, 
Treasury  Aycnt,  in  Charge. 


124 


ALASKA    INIUI8TRIER. 


i:. 

Isi.ANit  (II-  Mr.  fiKoiKiK,  Miiji  M,  rs7f>. 
TliiH  '\H  to  rrrtify  that  Ii0<)  fiir-Noal  HkinH  liuvc  this  ilay  licni  hIiIi>|ii«I  oii  lioiinl  tlii< 
AluMkii  ('otiniicrcial  (!oin|iiiii.\ 's  Htcaiiicr  XI,  /'(in/,  ('apt.  .M.  ('.  Ili'Hkiiii',  iiiaHti'i 

it.  I'.  ScimtNiiii, 
f'irKt  .iHHiHldtil  Treasury  Aqent, 
K. 

l.si.ANI'   HI'  Hi.  (iK.OIKlK,  ./»/.(/  //,  IS7!K 

TliiH  is  to  I'crtit'v  that  (i.tXMl  I'lir-HCMl  skins  linvr  tlii.s  ihi\  hrcii  Hlii|ipi'(l  on  lioanl  tint 
Alaska  ('oiiiiiirrcial  Coiii|iaiiy's  Htcaiimr  si.  I'mil,  Cajit.  M,  ('.  lOrskiiU',  inastiT,  to  .Sun 
FrauciHco,  Cat, 

.1.  II.  Moui.ToN,  An»ititanl  Tramtnij  .tijiiit. 

0. 

Isi.AMi  (ic  St.  (iKOKdi;,  ,hiUi2l,  IS79. 
This  is  to  certify  that  8,'_'(il  fiir-soiil  Hkiiis  havr  tliisdiiy  bii'n  shipipcci  on  hoani  tho 
Alaska  l.'oninu^nial  Company's  Htcamur  SI.  I'unl,  Cajit.  M.  V,  i'.rHkiiir,  niastcr,  Cor  San 
Kruiu'iBro,  Cal. 

.1.  II.  .Moi;i.Tn.N,  AniiMant  TreuHury  Aycnl, 

H. 

Im,.\ni>  III'  St.  iiE(nti,v.,  July  2'.  /S79. 
This  is  to  cortify  tliat  li'J'M't  I'nrsi'al  skins  liavo  this  day  lucn  shippcil  on  lioaid  tli(! 
Alaska  Coniincri'ial  l!ouipany's  sttianicr  SI.  I'anl,  L'apt.  M.  C.  Kiskinn.  niasliT,  I'or.Saii 
Fraucisco,  Cal. 

.1.  II.  Moi  l.To.N,  .txHiHiaiit  'I'reannry  Agent. 

I. — Jlanka  Commercial  Company,  Sun  Ihniiisco,  i»  aw.ouut  with  SI.  Paul  Iiland, 

Alaska,  .May  3J,  lS7:i. 

Dlt. 

Aiifi-  — (  WIX.  To  amount  of  salmon  reiiuin'il  to  bo  fnrnislicd  for  ('onsuin]itinn  by  the 

luitivcB,  60  barrels. 
Aufj.  — ,  1><78.  To  anionnt  of  coal  rpqnircd  to  bo  furnish  "I  "or  nse  of  natives,  'lO  tons. 
An>;.  — ,  1M7H.  To  barrels  and  salt  rocpiired  to  bo  fiirni»'cie<l.  for  jireservation  of  meat, 

ruipiisito  numbers  and  ((iiantities. 
Sept.  'J,  1S78.  To  maintenance  of  school  as  n^iinired  1),\  l,i,\v,  ()ij;lit  months. 
Oct.  — ,  1878.  To  shipmeuts  of  fur-seal  sidns  from  the  ..-Irud  to  date,  82,000  skins. 

Cr. 

Anjj;.  — ,  1878.  I?y  anionnt  of  salnioii  sin)])iied  for  use  of  natives,  00  barrels. 

Auc;.  — ,  1878.  Hy  anionnt  of  coal  supi)lit!d  for  use  (d' mitives,   10  tons. 

Ang.  — ,  1878.   liy  barrels  and  salt  supplied  for  preservation  of  meat,  refpUHitc  iinin- 

ber  and  (|uantity. 
May  8,  18751.   My  maintenatico  of  school  as  rec|uired  by  law,  eijiht  months,  commencing 
8ei)tember  2,'  1878;  closing  May  8,  187!t. 

1  cortify  that  the  above  account  is  correct  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief. 

Hahhison  (i.  Otis, 
Treasury  Aycnt  in  ('liari/e,  etr. 

K. — Alaska  Commercial  Compani/,  San  f'ranrisro,  in  uvcount  with  SI.  Ileorye  Island, 

Alaska,  May  31,  1S79. 

Dis. 

Aug.  10,  1878.  To  shipment  of  12,0,")8  seal  skins,  takciii  during  the  months  of  .lune 
and  .Inly,  1^78,  and  hhipi)ed  to  San  Francisco,  Cal..  ]ier  steamer  St.  I'anl. 

Oct.  3,  1878.  To  shipment  of  .">,!M2  seal  skins,  taken  dining  llic  months  of  .lune  and 
July,  1878,  and  shipped  to  Dualaska,  per  schooner  Bella,  for  traussLipnient  to  Sun 
FruuciBco,  Cal. 


I 


• 


ALASKA    INI)USTI{IK8. 


125 


(11. 

AiiR.  IS,  1K78,   Hy  'JO  1>,iit(>Ih  Halnion  for  disfribiitioii  to  iiiitivoH.     20  tonn  coal  ('(ir  iIih- 
triltiition   t(i  iiiitivrH.     HiirrclH  iiml  snlt    (nr  ilir  lU'CNi'ivatiiiii  of  meat   liavr  li«'«ii 
fiiiiiiHiit'd  ill  Hiicli  iiiiiiiImii'h  and  i{tiaiititi«'H  an  tli'iiiaiiilrd,     Muiiiti'iiaii('<Mif  N(diu(il 
tiinlit  MioiitliH,  rDinnii'iiciiin  .Sc|itriiilmr  L',  1M7H,  and  cldsinK  >iiv,v  1.  \H~'.K 
I  riatify  tliat  the  al)ovi'  ai  roiiiit  is  I'ori'ucl. 

.1.    II.    .Mol  I.KIN, 
Aniitilttnl  .lijcitt  at  Scat  I'tuhfritB, 


1R80. 

SptTHd  Aycnt  Otis;  prdiminary  report  for  1880. 

V.'AHiiiNOTON,  D,  C,  ^farch  L>9,  luso. 
Sir:  I  hiivo  flio  liniior  to  prcsoiif  for  your  ('((iLsideriitioii  tlie  followiii}? 
siil)j«'ct.s  (oniR'ctcd  with  iitVaiiH  at  tlic  seal  ialaiids  of  AliisUa  ami  to  ivsk 
for  your  iii.structioii.s  thereon: 

(1)  I'liiU'r  it.s  lease  and  .section  \'MV2,  Ho,vised  Statutes,  the  Alaska 
CoiunKUcial  Company  claims,  in  alxtyanee,  tiie  rijjht  of  takiufj  100,(MM) 
fur  seal  .sUins  upon  the  islands  of  St.  I'aul  and  St.  (Jeorfje,  independ- 
ently and  outride  of  the  number  of  jtriine  skins  which  may  be  takou 
l)y  law  from  seals  killed  by  the  natives  for  food. 

Heretofore  the  uniform  practice  has  been  for  the  companj'  to  accept 
and  count  in  its  (|Uota  all  i>rime  skins  taken  by  the  natives  from  seals 
killed  by  .them  for  food,  outside  of  the  re^^ular  .sealing  seas<»n,  when 
such  skins  were  not  rctiuired  by  them  for  tlieir  own  clothiuf^.  In  thia 
way  the  whole  nund)er  of  priiiu'  skins  annually  takti  and  ship])ed  from 
the  islands  has  been  ke])t  within  the  limit  of  l(M),'t(i'>  provided  by  law. 
To  grant  the  <'laim  set  up  by  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company  would 
in(rrea.se  this  nund)er  by  several  thousands.  The  number  of  prime 
skin:--  taken  by  tlie  natives  on  their  own  account  during  the  last  sealing 
season,  sold  to  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company  and  accepted  by  it  as 
a  ')art  of  its  quota  of  187!),  was,  for  both  islands,  4,'M~>. 

In  the  ab.sence  of  specific  instructions  from  the  Department  on  this 
l)oint,  I  shall  consider  it  my  duty  to  resist  this  claim  of  the  company, 
notwithstanding  the  api)arent  color  of  law  under  which  it  is  made. 
(See  section  l!t(;2,  Revised  Statutes.)  1  ask  instructions  in  the 
jnemises  and  an  authoritative  interpretation  of  the  statute  govemiug 
the  case. 

(2)  Jiy  Dei)artment  letter  dated  Ajjril  7,  1S79  (A.  K.  T.-E.  W.  C),  I 
was  instructed  to  report  in  detail,  at  the  close  of  the  sealing  season  of 
1871),  the  amount  of  .seal  oil  inanufiictured  by  the  Alaska  Commercial 
Company  in  1878  and  in  187!),  tiie  cost  of  its  manufacture  as  shown  by 
the  books  of  the  company,  and  the  diilerence  between  the  whole  cost 
and  theamountof  thetaxof  lOcents  per  gallon  imposed  by  the  Depart- 
nu'ut.  In  coiui)liance  with  tho.se  instructions,  I  reported,  under  date 
of  August  2"),  187!),  that  the  amount  of  oil  manufactured  in  1878  was 
l.'»,()()()  gallons,  at  a  total  cost  of  81,022.1)2;  an<l  that  the  amount  manu- 
factured in  1871)  was  17,  Ki9  gallons,  at  a  toial  cost  of  $1,6()(}.00.  It  will 
thus  be  seen  that  the  tax  on  the  wliole  quantity  of  oil  manufactured  in 
the  two  years  amounts  to  $.'5,24(i.l)(».  Deducting  the  reported  cost  of 
manufacture,  .$2,<i88.!»8,  a  diilerence  of  ■'?r)r)7.!)2  is  .shown.  It  appears 
that  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company  (having  paid  the  native  laborers 


J 


126 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


bytlio  (lay  for  tlioir  work  in  iiiaiiufiictiiriiif''  tliis  oil)  ask  tliat  tlie  differ- 
eiHH' that  tiiey  are  itMjuired  to  i»ay  he  devoted  to  tlie,neii(Mal\vt'ltarc  of  the 
l)eo]»le  of  tiie  islands,  Tiie  (luestioii  of  the  disposition  of  tliis  fund  hav- 
iuix  been  befon;  I  lie  Department,  but  still  remaining  undecided,  1  respect- 
fully recommend  tliat  tiie  sum  in  (piestion,  §r)57.92,  be  devoted  to  the 
construction  of  wateiworks  on  St.  Pan!  Island.  Tin"s  imi»rovement 
will,  in  my  judgment,  i)rove  of  more  i)ractical  benefit  to  ail  tlio  i>eop!o 
concerned  tlian  any  otlier  \viiich  could  l»(i  made  with  the  money.  At 
present  water  for  domestic  purposes  lias  to  be  hauled  a  consi(lerablo 
distance  to  the  village,  and  in  winter  it  is  frequently  dithcult  to  procure 
for  sev<'ral  days  together,  owing  to  the  bad  weather,  the  spring  and  the 
roads  becumiMg  obstructed  by  snow  and  ice.  Tiiis  makes  it  necessary 
for  the  people  to  procure  water  by  nudting  snow  in  their  houses,  thus 
kee])ing  them  more  or  less  dam]),  fdtliy,  and  unhealthy.  Tiie  project 
of  dislributing  water  tlirough  the  village  by  UR'ans  of  pipes  would 
be  a  substantial  benelit  to  the  peoi)le  of  the  island,  which  I  urgently 
recommend. 

(.'))  In  his  ollicial  re|)ort  of  his  last  ci'uise  in  Alaskan  waters  in  the 
United  States  revenue  cutter  Uichanl  L'lisli,  tlu  late  Capt.  (iecu'ge  W. 
Ihiiley,  iormerly  co';.inandir.g  that  vessel,  expressed  the  opinion  (at 
pagel.>of  the  printe<l  report)  "that  it  is  n<it  necessary  to  locate  an 
ollicer  and  men  from  the  vessel  on  Otter  Island;  and  that  now,  there 
being  two  special  agents  during  the  season  at  eacli  island,  an  occasional 
visit  by  them  in  their  boat  from  St.  Paul  to  ()tt<'r  Island  would  be  suf- 
ticicJit  f'li  its  protection."  In  this  recommendatioi'  I  concur  so  far  as  it 
relates  to  the  ollicer,  who  can  be  relieved  by  myself  or  assistant.  It 
Mill  be  necessary,  however,  in  order  to  elfe(;tively  watch  Otter  islaiul, 
to  have  tiie  special  agents  furnisiied  with  a  suitable  boat  and  at  least 
two  nieii  to  man  it.  These  might  be  supplied  by  the  cutter,  and  can  be 
returned  to  it  when  she  touches  at  the  island  for  the  last  time  in  the 
fail.  I  reconunend  this  course,  and  ask  that  the  necessary  instructions 
be  given. 

(I)  I  am  asked  by  the  native  ciiiefs  of  St.  Paul  Islaiul  to  present  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Ticasury  the  case  of  one  Kassian  SliaisnekotI',  a 
teiniiorary  resident  (tf  the  island,  who  has  never  been  admitted  to  the 
jirivilege  of  jiarticipating  in  the  work  of  sealing  for  the  reason  that, 
tiioiigh  a  native  of  the  island  he  was  living  away  from  it  (at  Una- 
laska)  when  the  country  came  into  possessiiyu  of  the  [i^nited  States. 
He  subse  puMitly  returned  to  the  islaiul  as  a  temporary  labtu'cr,  and  at 
his  own  reipiest  (and  being  a  brother  to  the  local  priests)  was  permitted 
to  remain  on  sufVerance,  but  was  ruled  out  as  a  sealer  by  my  jiredecessor, 
]\lr.  Morton,  in  common  with  ether  natives  who  had  been  permitted  to 
come  to  the  island  simply  as  temporary  la!)orers  under  auth(n'ity  of  the. 
I>epartment.  Shaisnekotf  lia»been  given  miscellaneous  employment  by 
the  Alaska  Comniecial  Comiiany,  aiid  at  thecloseof  each  sealing  season 
has  generally  lieen  presented  with  the  sum  of  .^tKH)  by  the  people,  out  of 
their  sealing  fund.  I  would  reconiinend  that  the  request  made  in  his 
behalf  be  granted,  were  it  not  for  the  fact  that  it  would  constitute  a 
precedent  for  the  return  of  several  natives  of  St.  (ieorge  Ishiiid  who 
liavi^  never  lived  there  .since  the  transfer  of  the  country,  and  whose 
advent  at  this  late  period,  intl.'e  ca])acity  of  sealers,  would  doubtless 
be  (ionstrnrd  as  an  injustice  to  tlu^  jieople  who  have  the  prescrijitivo 
right  to  take  .seals,  and  who  would  be  .siivi'  t.>  strenuously  object  to  the 
new(!oiners.  1  think  this  claim  in  behalf  of  Shaisnekoff  would  not  hvve 
been  urged  were  it  not  for  his  relationship  to  the  local  i)riests.  I,  how- 
ever, re[)ort  the  case  to  you  as  it  is,  and  await  your  decision  thereon, 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES, 


127 


as  well  i.s  tipoii  any  otlicr  mat tt-is couuected  with  the  seal  islands  which 
may  in  your  Jiidfjmcnt  ii'iiniir  it. 

I  liavo  the  honor  to  bt-,  sir,  your  (tbodicnt  servant, 

iJAiiiMsoN  (;    Otis. 

tSpccidI  Ajinil   Iridsiirji  hrjxirlmciit,  in  Cliaiijr  of  S(<il  laldiuls. 

Ilcm.  .lolIN   SllKliMA.N, 

Seorlary  of  the  TratHury. 


Sjircidl  Ai/tnit  Otis;  jirelimiudrii  report  fi)r  ISSO. 


OFi'iri;  oi-  Si'KfMAL  Agi;nt  TiiKAsiH^    Dkpartment, 

»S7.  rodi  Islaiiil,  June  n,  1ss<K 

Sir:  I  have  tin!  honor  to  report  my  arrival  at  (his  island  on  the  .".1st 
ultimo  by  the  steami-r  St.  I'diil,  thirty  days  ont  Vom  San  Francisco, 
The  steamer  leacheil  St.  <ieoi<;e  Ishind  on  the  20tli  ol'  May.  lindinj;  the 
shores  of  the  island  tree  from  ic(?;  bnt  the  prc-^ence  ol'  heavy  i)ack  ice 
about  tiie  shores  <»t'  St.  I'ani  Island  prevented  her  I'rom  ell'ectinj.;  a 
landiiifj  here  til!  ten  days  later,  and  then  only  alter  the  fourth  attenij)t. 

The  weathei'  at  tlie  seal  islands  durinj:  tlie  jiast  winter  is  rei)orted  as 
havinfj  bcrii  e.xceptiunally  severe,  the  mercury  fallinj;  to  I.s  ]■'.  below 
zero  at  this  islainl  and  to  ;  V.  below  zero  at  St.  (leor};e.  The  sealinj; 
season  is  (:i)nse(|uently  somewhat  backward;  it  has,  indeed,  not  fairly 
eoninuMU'ed. 

iielerrinp  to  Departmcrd  letter  of  April  17,  ISSO  (II.  IS.  .I,-i'.), 
to.'vhinjj;  tlie  matter  of  leaves  of  absen<e  to  the  Treasnry  ajjents  here, 
i  lave  the  honoi' to  rep<  t  that!  have  commnnicated  the  directions 
therein  contained  to  my  assistasits  for  iheir  information  and  j;nidance. 
Special  Af^ent  Scribner,  now  c;  duty  at  this  island,  will  avail  himself 
of  the  leave  j^ranted  him  at '.lie  close  of  this  sealinj;' season.  Special 
Afient  Moidton  remains  on  duty  at  St.  (leorj^e  Island.  It  seems  that 
Special  Aji'ent  IJeaman  ( who  has  been  transferred  to  St.  Georjre)  had 
some  nu)nths  rince  formed  and  declared  a  i)nrpose  to  leave  the  islands 
this  season,  foi'  reasons  of  his  own,  eithei' with  or  witliont  authority 
from  the  Deiiartmcnt,  I  have  informed  him  that  I  can  not  control  his 
movements  in  that  matter,  if  he  is  determined  to  jiO,  and  that  he  mnst 
be  his  own  Jndjjc  whether  to  take  snch  a  ste]>  withoiu.  proper  authority, 
I  am  not  advised  at  liiis  writin;;-  whether  he  still  adheres  to  his  deter- 
udnation,  since  leaininy  the  recent  orders  of  the  Secretary  refened  to 
above;  nor  can  I  know  at  this  time  what  his  purjjoses  m  y  be  at  the 
(•lose  of  the  sealinjj  season  when  the  :-teainev  leaves  for  San  !''rancisco. 
]'>nt  in  the  unanticiiiated  contin<iency  of  his  carryinn'  out  his  thi'eat,  I 
will  rcnniin  here  myself  until  the  arrival  of  another  otiicer  or  uutil 
further  orders, 

I  oiler  to  do  this  in  order  to  meet  the  rocjnirements  of  the  Department 
and  the  necessities  of  the  case,  which  demand  the  co'istant  i>resence  of 
not  less  than  two  oHicers  of  the  (lovernment  at  these  islands  at  all 
times,  and  notwithstandinji  the  fact  that  anthority '-eretofore  given  ino 
authorizes  mc  to  absent  myself  duriii};  Mie  winter. 

I  forward  this  letter  at  the  earliest  oppoi'tunit.v .  in  order  to  j^ive  an 
opportunity  for  a  reply  to  reach  me  by  the  steamer  Itora,  which  it  is 


128 


ALAHK.V    INDUSTRir:S. 


inidcrsLOod  will  be,  diHiKitclKMl  to  Man  Francisco  soon  and  start  on  lier 
return  voyage  iM^twtutn  tlio  ir»tli  and  2r)tli  of  .Inly,  probably. 
I  am,  Mir,  your  obedient  servant, 

llAuiusoN  (K  Oris, 
'I'tcuHury  Afieiit,  in  Charge  of  tieal  Jslunds. 
The  Secuetauv  or  Tin;  Tiikasmuv, 

W (in hi II (/ton,  I).  V. 


Spucinl  Af/enf  Otin;  preliminary  report  for  1S80. 

Ofpick  <)I'  Hi'unAL  Agent  Tueasi  ry  Department, 

.S7.  J'aiil  Ishind,  .Iniji  I,  ISSO. 

Sir:  I  liav<'  tli<'  honor  lo  rcjtort  that  on  the  !ltb  nitinio  tbc  Cni'-^d 
States  reveiuu!  cnttctr  'I'honias  ('oriciii  tonclied  at  tliis  island  on  her 
northern  cruise,  when  (Japtain  Hooper,  eoniniandiii";-,  represented  to 
ine  that,  in  view  of  the  possibility  of  his  bein^  ,  ;)nipelletl  to  winter  witli 
hix  ship  in  tlie  Arctic  Ocean,  he  reijnired  far  clothing  for  his  crew,  and 
asked  permission  to  procure  what  are  known  as  "i)up"  seal  skins  here 
for  that  i)urpoHe  if  tlie  same  could  be  lawfully  and  properly  obtained. 
His  iiMpiest  appeariiiitf  to  me  t(»'be  reasonable,  I  made  an  exception  to 
the  existing  rule  in  conserpu  nee  of  the  exceptional  character  of  the 
cutter's  ihission  to  the  frozen  (XM-an,  and  issued  to  Captain  Hooper  a 
written  jiermit  t4>  lake  such  number  of  this  descri])tion  of  skins  as  he 
reciuired  for  the  use  of  his  crew's  clothing  and  might  be  able  to  procure 
ou  the  island,  on  <!oiidition  that  the  skins  so  procured  ite  used  exclusively 
for  clothing  and  not  for  sah^  or  1  ■•rter.  Under  this  authority  he  took 
on  board  'M(i  pup  skins  taken  *rom  young  seals  about  4  months  old, 
lawfully  killed  last  fall  by  the  native  people  for  food.  These  skins  not 
being  of  the  r(!(|uiHite  marketable  si/e,  or  (it  for  accei)tance  by  the 
Alaska  Commercial  (Company  as  part  of  their  lawful  (|Uota,  1  requested 
Captain  Hooper  to  report  the  transaction  to  you,  which  1  also  do  myself, 
asking  your  sanction  of  my  <;oiirsc. 

In  this  connection  I  have  to  ;'tate  that  the  rule  at  these  islands  in 
reference  to  tratllc  in  this  class  of  skins  has  been  to  i>r()hibit  thcii-  ship- 
ment, except  in  the  form  of  blankets  or  maiiura-turcd  clothing,  on  the 
grouml  that  there  is  no  exjucss  authority,  cither  in  law  or  orders,  lor 
8hip|»ing  from  the  seal  islands  any  greater  number  of  seal  skins  than 
the  miixiinwrn  number  (100,(I0(»)  allowed  by  law  to  be  taken  annually  by 
the  Alaska  (Commercial  (Company  under  their  lease.  Evasions  of  this 
rule  have  frcipicntly  been  attempted,  and  it  is  not  easy  <>f  strict  enlbice- 
ment  when;  scores  of  native  peo|)le  Jiie  found  with  these  skins  in  their 
possession  and  eager  to  trade  with  every  vessel  touching  at  the  islands. 

The  matter  w(,uld  H(U',ni  t((  turn  on  the  (piestions  of  the  true  owner- 
ship of  this  class  <»f  skins,  the  right  of  the  native  people  to  trallic  in 
them,  and  the  right  of  the  Alaska  Commercial  (Jompany,  or  o*'  its 
agents,  to  buy  and  shiji  fur  seal  skins  of  any  number,  kin(l,oi  class  not 
e!id)raccd  in  the  terms  of  its  contract  or  included  in  its  anr.ua!  q '''*a 
of  prina;  skins. 

It  is  claimed  that  pup  skins  are  not  seal  skins  in  acomniTrial  rf:;^. . 
they  being  of  iinderHizc  and  'lot  of  recognized  or  establislie<l  commer- 
cial V.  'me;  and  rurthcr,  llial  being  taken  from  seals  killed  by  the  native 
people  "for  their  own  food  and  clothing,"  as  authorized  by  law,  such 
skiiM  belong  t(»  (licse  people  as  their  own  exclusive  i)r(^i)crty.  The 
true  point  is,  What  docs  the  law  authorize?     It  is  clear  that  it  gives  no 


ijfla 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


129 


Th« 


aiitliority  for  the  natives  to  traflic  in  skins  or  skin  clothing,  but  only 
uiitlioriiceH  the  killing  by  them  of  such  nuiiibei  of  seals  "as  maybe 
ii(M!i'8sary  for  their  own  food  and  clothing"  during  other  months  than 
.June,  July,  September,  and  October  of  every  yciir. 

II'  tlie  claim  set  up  bo  conceded,  and  the  United  States  makes  no 
claim  to  ownership  in  this  class  of  skins,  and  tlie  right  of  free  trade 
be  aiiknowledged  the  natives,  then  it  is  plain  that  the  restrictions  U])on 
slii|)ment  slundd  be  removed;  not  otherwise. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  there  are  no  seals,  either  young  or  old,  killed  ou 
these  islands  exclusively  for  native  clothing.  All  the  pui)s  and  hirger 
young  seals  killed  by  the  luitive  people,  'Mider  section  1  of  the  "  act  to 
prevent  the  extermination  of  fur-bearing  animals  in  Alaska,"  are  killed 
iov  food.  The  people  use  little  or  no  far  clotliiug,  and  are,  therefore, 
under  no  necessity  of  killing  seals  for  tiiat  purpose  exclusively.  The 
nnmber  of  seals  so  killed  for  food  was,  on  botii  islands,  in  l878-7!»,  as 
shown  by  my  last  annual  report,  6,700  pups  and  (i,L!(!  1  large  young  seals; 
in  all,  ll-',970.  About  75  per  cent  of  the  skins  from  the  last  named  class 
were  accepted  l>y  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company  and  counted  as 
part  of  their  (piota;  the  remainder  were  rejected  as  stagey  and  M'orth- 
li'ss,  and  thrown  away. 

I  believe  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company,  as  a  company,  have  refused 
to  handle  these  pup  skins,  the  ollicers  saying  that  there  is  no*^hin^^"  iu 
the  trallic.  and  that  they  do  not  wish  to  render  themselves  or  the  .!om- 
pany  liable  to  censure  for  improper  conduct  in  the  observance  of  the 
terms  of  their  lease.  Yet  individuals  are  constantly  seeking  to  clandes- 
tinely ship  pup  skins  from  the  islands  upon  the  comjjany's  vessels,  giv- 
ing the  Treasury  oflicials  more  annoyance  than  the  whole  regular  catch. 

The  price  of  these  skins  here  is  from  40  to  (!0  cents  each,  and  they 
Bometi:ues  fetch  $1  on  vessels,  where  they  are  a  novelty  and  nuich 
soujriii  a'ter.  What  they  are  \>orth  or  would  fetch  in  the  markets  of 
thr  wolhi  1  am  not  informed. 

n<    ^'r><.',ion  of  Hmiting  or  restricting  the  mimber  of  pup  fur  seals 

n -0  •  1  allowed  to  be  killed  annually  for  food  becomes  pertinent 
Inn  i  >i  proviso  in  the  law,  "that  the  natives  of  said  islands  shall 
have  Li  '''''^'il'^K*^  o!'  killing  such  young  seals  as  may  be  necessary  for 
tiieir  owi.  uoil  and  clothing,"  etc.,  need  not  necessarily,  as  I  interpret 
it,  include  any  seals  of  the  class  known  as  "pup"  sci'ls,  but  may  be 
conlined  to  tiiose  of  an  age  fit  to  furnish  marketable  s,vins,  if  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury  so  direct,  ft  is  trut-  that  the  ;  leafc  of  the  large 
young  seals,  when  salted,  is  not  preferred  by  the  na'ive  people,  but  it 
is  eaten  with  avidity  by  their  ecuntrymen  ot  lIic  Aleutian  Isles,  to 
which  large  quantities  are  shipped  during  the  regular  sealing  season 
whicii  otherwise  would  be  left  to  rot  on  the  killing  grounds.  This  class 
of  mciat  food  could  be  eaten  by  the  seal  islanders  as  well,  and  without 
:i'>y  serious  hardship,  1  think.  It  is  their  regular  meat  food  during 
ft  killing  .season  i»roper,  and  is  usually  eaten  fresh.  The  imp  meat  is 
i^  ii   I   ft  ■  '-.inter  use. 

t  :lo  iu)t  represent  that  it  is  aosolutely  necessary  to  cut  off  the  pre- 
ferred sonrce  of  native  food  or  recommend  any  restriction  in  tiieir  present 
abundant  supply  of  seal  meat;  but  the  subject  is  one  of  sutlicient 
ini|)ortan<;e,  iu  my  judgnuMit,  to  engage  your  attention. 

Under  the  present  admirable  system  of  legal  protection  to  the  fur 
seals  of  tiiese  islnnds,  this  precious  animal  life  is  still  very  abundant, 
and  the  full  number  of  seals  allowed  by  law  to  be  killed  annually  can 
be  taken  \\ iihout  detriment  to  the  integrity  of  the  race.  Yet,  in  view 
of  the  large  mortality  which  occurs  among  the  seals  while  absent  from 
li.  -Ooe.  'J2 y 


130 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIK8, 


I 


these  islands,  and  in  view  of  the  jiicat  viiiiic  of  tliis  p'-onliar  iiTcrest 
ot  tiu>  (loviMiiiiu'ht  and  the  peoplt!  (ionoerncd,  a  \vi.s((  provision  would 
seem  todi(!tate  the  adoption  (tf  the  most  en  re  In  I  and  etVeciti'-e  measures 
lookinj;'  to  the  pei  inaiient  i)resei'vation  of  the  I'lirseal  life  in  all  its 
alniiidinice  indeliiiitcly. 

Not  to  speai;  of  the  iieavy  moitality  eiuiKed  amony-  the  younfjer  seals 
by  llieir  natural  enemies  in  the  sea,  tiled  sfnu-tion  i)y  man  of  tlie  hu'ffer 
seals  for  the  saice  of  tlieir  skins  while  on  their  annual  Joni'neys  north- 
ward to  tlie  seal  isiaii.  ;  has  hilterly  ;;rown  to  he  very  (lonsiderable. 
Hcverai  \('sscls  are  saio  »  '  "•  L^a^jed  in  this  Inisim'ss  alonj;-  tlie  island 
and  inainlaMd  shores  to  '  slward   and  sontjiward.     1  have  been 

reliably  informed  that  the  i.  "r  of  fur  seal  skins  taken  in  the  Straits 
ot  Fnca  and  adjaeant  waters  i.ist  >  ear  was  several  thousands,  and  that 
under  ti:e  stimulus  of  the  |)resent  hi;;h  pricies  of  fnrs  it  will  pretty  cer- 
tainly reacli  llt,Oli((or  12.000  this  year.  A  larjrc  i)i(»portion  ot  the  seals 
so  killed  are  said  to  be  prejjnant  females.  This  is  "killinjj;  tin;  j4'oo-''t! 
that  lays  the  golden  ei;,ii." 

J  have  thus  stated  these  facts  to  you  impartially,  and  subndt  the 
information  for  your  eonsideration  and  sueh  action  as  in  your  Judpfinent 
the  miture  of  the  ease  may  reijiiire.  I  am  not  alile  to  lind  on  record  in 
this  otiice  any  sp(  cilie  Departnnmt  rales  or  decisions  applicable  to  the 
])oints 'here  raised,  ami  lespectfnlly  ask  for  instructions  upon  the  fol- 
lowinji'  points  ])articiilarly : 

(1)  Is  not  the  ownership  in  all  the  fur  seals  which  haul  out  upon  the 
land  at  the  .seal  islaiuls  of  Alaska  (a  (Jovernment  reservation  by  law) 
vested  in  the  United  .tates? 

(L*)  Are  the  skins  of  youii'''  fnr  seals,  or  ''  i»n|>s."  so  called,  which  may 
by  law  be  killed  by  the  native  peojile '•  for  their  own  food,"  the  ]>roperty 
of  such  people  when  not  icqiiired  or  used  '*  for  their  own  clothing?'' 

(.'i)  Or  are  such  skins  the  property  of  the  United  States? 

{■I)  If  it  be  decideil  that  sm!li  skins  are  the  prr>p(;rty  of  the  native 
people,  shall  they  have  the  ri;,dit  of  free  trade  in  them,  either  in  the 
form  of  manufactured  clothing,  blankets,  or  as  dressed  or  undressed 
pelts? 

(."))  Shall  the  restrictions  heretofore!  placefl  n|)on  the  shipment  of  such 
skins  be  nmintained  and  enforced  ;' 

((»)  Is  the  Alaska  ("ommerciai  ('oiiijiaiiy  to  be  treated  as  having  any 
exclusive  iiernut  to  trade  as  well  as  to  take  .seal  skins'? 

It  is  i)roper  for  me  to  explain  that  perhaps  not  more  than  oO  or  (50 
per  cent  of  these  ))Up  seal  skins  taken  are  preserved  and  dressed,  thus 
showing  that  the  i)eople  arc!  eaieless  and  iiii|)rovideiit  of  them.  This 
considerable  waste  wonid  necessarily  be  iintreased  if  the  i)eople  should 
be  deprived  entirely  of  a  market  for  their  skins,  unless  the  United 
States  were  to  assert  an  ownership  in  and  take  possession  of  the  skins. 
They  afford  some  revenue,  and  it  would  be  wiser  io  let  the  people  have 
it  than  to  destroy  it  altogether  by  entliiig  o(f  the  maiket  or  throwing 
away  the  skins.     I  ask  your  instructions  upon  the  whole  subject. 

The  work  of  sealing  is  progressing  satisfactorily.  About  ■I.'{,000  skins 
have  been  taken  nji  to  this  date  on  St.  I'aiil  Island  and  a  pro|>ortionate 
number  on  St.  (ieorge.  The  catch  is  but  slightly  below  last  year's 
figures  at  this  date. 

Kumors  of  intended  raids  by  ])redat<ny  v(!^.sels  upon  the  seal  islands 
have  reached  my  ears  from  various  sources,  llow  niucli  truth  there 
may  be  in  these  rumors  1  know  not,  but  it  is  well  known  that  there 
are  a  number  of  lawless  trader.s,  acipiainted  with  these  waters  and 


ALASKA    INDUSTUIES. 


131 


islaiuls,  who  would  willinjily  make  ii  descent  upon  tlie  seals  if  tliey 
were  {jiveii  tiio  oppoittiiiity.  It'  any  sucli  raids  aie  made  tliey  may  bo 
expected  late  in  the  fall,  upon  tlie  return  of  11. o  predatory  vessels  from 
the  Arctic  Ocean,  going- southward.  I  do  ii(tt  iuiticipate  any  serious 
forcible  attempt  to  violate  the  law  in  the  manner  iiuli(!ate(l,  hut  it  would 
bo  a  desirable  safeguard  for  the  revenue  cutter  to  i)rolong  her  stay  in 
these  waters  (ui)ou  her  return  from  the  Arctic),  to  the  latest  practicable 
dat<',  in  the  fall. 

The  Alaska  Commercial  Company  has  a  telephone  iu  ojieration  from 
St.  Paul  village  to  the  northeast  point  of  the  island,  where  the  descent 
would  probably  be  made. 

1  am,  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

ITakhison  G.  Otis, 

TrrasKri/  Af/nit  in  Cliartjc. 
The  Sk(;rktaiiy  ok  the  Trkastjky, 

W(tsliin!jt<ni,  />.  <\ 


Asmstant  Atjent  Moulton;   incJosinr/  .stdtinUcs  of  sial  cateh. 

Office  of  Special  AffKNT  Treasury  Department, 

.S^  (Icorae  IsIoikI,  Jiih/  i'd,  ISsO. 
Sir:  Iu  compliance  with  your  verbal  recpiest  made  to  me  while  iu 
Washington,  1  res[»ectfully  inclose  lierewith  a  statement  of  seals  killed 
on  St.  (ieorge  Island  from  1870  to  187!».  1  have  beeu  unable  to  get  a 
statement  Irom  St.  Paul,  as  I  have  not  visited  that  island  since  my 
return,  but  will  do  so  the  tirst  opportunity  that  I  nuiy  have,  and  will 
forward  a  statement  to  your  address. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

,].  II.  Moulton, 
Ansistdiit  Agent,  Seal  Islands. 
Hon.  H.  ]}.  James, 

Chief  of  Customs,  'J'reastiri/  Depart menf, 

^Yashin(/ton,  I).  C. 


any 


Sliitcmnit  of  fur  letth  hilhd  on  St.  Geonjc  Isliind,  !S70  to  1S70. 


Accopted 

by  Al»8ka   sjiipments. 
(^'uin]iany. 


7,  jriB 

14,  HIW 
■1^.  OU(l 
25,  (MIU  , 
10,  (10(1 
Id.  IKHI 
in,  (too 

l.'i,  IHKl 

IK,  Ollll 
'JU,  (too 


t 


(a) 
(«) 

;to,o5i 

27,  780 
10,000 
10,  000 
10,000 
I,'),  000 
IS,  (100 
20,  00() 


a  N"  rrconl  of  .sliipmi'iit. 

J.  II.  MoULTiiN,  Aamntant  Aijent,  Seal  Mandx. 


132 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


Special  A(/eiif  Otis;  annual  report  for  IHMO, 

Ovvwv.  Spkcial  Agent  Trkasttuy  J)ki'autmi',nt, 

In  CiiAuaE  OF  Seal  Isi-andm, 

St.  Vanl  Inhuid,  July  :io,  isso.    , 

Siu:  I  have  Mio  lionor  to  submit  the  followiiifj  rt'itorl;  <tii  llui  nisiilts 
of  tlio  Hciiliiifi  .season  just  closed  on  the  islaiuls  of  St.  I'aul  antl  St. 
Gooijit'.,  and  other  all'airs  of  tlie  seal  ishiuds during  tiie  year  wliich  luis 
elapned  since  my  hmt  annual  report. 

SEALING   Ol'EUATIONS. 

The  regular  sealing  season  was  begun  by  the  Alaska  (^((nnnereial 
Company  on  this  island  on  tiie  1st  day  of  -lune;  tiie  respective  ipiotas 
of  fur  seals  allowed  by  law  to  be  killed  on  the  two  ishinds  hiiving  liist 
been  (ixed  by  nu5  for  1880  on  the  basis  of  187'.»,  vi/,  .S(),o()o  on  St.  I'aul 
and  12(),()(K)  on  St.  (leorge  Island.  Killing  continued  on  St.  Paul,  with 
Home  inlerru|>tions,  until  the  17th  day  of  July,  when  tim  ishind's  full 
(|Uota  had  been  eoin|)leted.  Thirty-live  working  days  weie  consumed 
in  (he  work — two  more  than  in  1879. 

On  St.Cleorge  Island  the  sealing  season  (fonimenced  .hine.'Jand  chtsed 
July  0,  one  week  earlier  than  in  JST'J.  The  fuUcatcii  of  this  island  was 
completed  in  twenty-three  working  days — six  less  than  were  re(iuired 
last  year. 

The  results  of  the  entire  sealing  operations  of  the  year  are  shown  in 
detail  by  the  acctompanyingta".. dated  statements,  marked,  rirspectively, 
A  and  J{.  't  will  be  seen  that  the  i)rimc  skins  taken  from  all  animals, 
save  "pups,"' killed  for  food  since  the  close  ol'  the  s(^aling  sc^asoii  of 
1879  are  included  "  as  part  of  the  taxable  ([uota  of  the  Alaska  Com- 
mensal Comi)any,"  in  accordance  with  the  l)epartment'8  instructions 
of  April  8,  1880. 

All  the  shipments  of  fur-seal  skins  were  made  and  c(utilie(l  alter 
actual  and  careful  count  by  the  Treasury  agents,  and  wer-  as  follows: 

Fi'iiiii  St.  I'aiil  iHlaiid  : 

.liuiti    7,  1M«0,  ])(M'  Hteiiincr  St.  I'aul li,  1'70 

.Juno  30,  IK«(),  per  steamer  Dora V2,  [M 

July  21,  22,  23,  27,  29,  30,  1880,  pur  steamer  St.  I'liul m,  .".Ki 

M(i,  (KX) 

From  St.  (icor(?o  iHland: 

May  22,  18S0,  per  stuamer  St.  Paul I,  i;iL' 

.lid  V  21,  1880,  per  st.amer  St.  ITitd 12,  (i!)2 

.July  26, 1880,  per  fdeamer  St.  Paul (I,  170 

2(  1,000 

Total  from  Imtli  islands 1(K),000 

Certilicates  covering  all  these  shi|)ments  are  herewith,  being  mark(!d, 
respectively,  C,  J),  K,  F,  (1,  and  II.  l)upli(!ates  have  been  Itirnisluiil 
to  the  masters  of  the  vessels  on  which  the  shipments  w<'re  niad(%  and 
copies  mailed  to  the  collector  of  customs  at  the  port  of  San  Fiancisco. 

THE   SEAL   LIFE. 

r  am  glad  to  be  able  to  report  the  seal  life  of  tlu^se  islands  as  still 
abundant  and  in  satisfactory  and  ])rondsing  condition.  Seals  of  all 
claRS(!S  and  ages,  and  of  both  sexes,  have  ajjpeared  upon  the  hauling 
grounds  and  lireeding  roidvcries  during  the  present  season  in  <  ountless 
numbers.    The  grand  aggregate  cau  not  eveu  be  approximated  with 


ALASKA    INDIISTHIES, 


133 


any  (Ipgrco  of  corrfutiicss.  Ah  well  as  I  (!aii  .jndgo,  after  dose  obser- 
vation, it  is  increased  rather  tlian  (liniinisjied  since  last  year.  Several 
of  the  i)rin('i])al  rookeries  and  hauling  grounds  show  a  steady  and 
nnniistakahle  expansion  ov(^r  former  years,  Otliers  show  some  changes 
in  their  boimdaries,  hut  no  contraction  is  ai)i)arent.  C.i  the  sand 
beaches,  blutVs,  an<l  plateaus,  apiiit  liom  the  breeding  rookeries,  there 
is  a  conspicuous  suinlus  of  large  mah^s  witliout  harems — capable  bulls 
Avho  have  been  el  .ved  out  of  the  family  circle.  This  fiU't  may  be 
taken  as  evidence  that  more  than  enougii  young  males  have  beenannu- 
ually  spared  in  recent  years  to  sui)])Iy  all  the  leciuireineuts  for  breeding 
purposes. 

Tiu)  size  of  tlie  harems  (which  are  each  lordcil  over  by  a  single  big 
bull)  varies  greatly.  As  a  rule  they  embrace  from  fifteen  to  twenty 
cows  each,  oc(!asionally  as  many  as  forty  and  even  fifty,  freriuently  not 
more  than  from  three  to  five.  One  fa<!t  is  quit(!  evident:  The  bulls 
invariably  gutlier  about  them  as  many  cows  as  each  can  court,  cajole, 
or  capture,  be  tlie  iiiiml)er  more  or  less. 

After  the  killing  of  more  tiian  7."»,(»((0  young  male  seals,  or  bachelors, 
on  St,  Paul  Ishuid  witliin  the  slutrt  space  of  six  weeks,  a  very  large 
number  of  good,  kiJliibJe  iudmals  remain. 

On  St.  (Icoige  Island,  as  shown  hy  the  re]»ort  of  Assistant  Treasury 
Agent  Moulton,  the  same  favoiai)le  condition  of  the  seal  life  substan- 
tially obtiiins,  the  animals  ai>pearing  in  lesser  numbers,  of  course. 
Captain  Moulton  says: 

All  cliisscs  oI'ki'hIh  iii'o  hero  in  tlio  UHiia)  nnrnhnrs.  thn  flass  roqniriMl  for  tfieirsliins 
!ij'ii\  iiij;  in  fiioiitt'i'  nmnliri'H  in  .hin<!  of  tliiH  yisar  tliim  in  Jiino  of  last  year.  All  tho 
liifcilinjf  iiiokciicH  lac  In  llii'  iiiDnt  HatiHl'nctory  condition,  tlicro  not  lieinj;  appiircntly 
any  falling;  oil'  in  tlu'  nnnibiirHof  in'ccdiiifr.sralM,  oillieiinal«  or  female.  After  fre(|nent 
andfariiliil  InBiiectioii  of  tlicHiniMal  linii'din;;  lookciicH,  I  am  of  o|)inion  that  noinjnry 
has  hccn  donii  to  tlic^  seal  lite  liy  lakiiifr  L'(),000  HiiaU  for  their  Kkins. 

I  have  visited  this  island  (St.  (rcorge)  sin(;e  the  close  of  the  sealing 
season,  and  found  many  killai)ic  s(!als  on  the  hauling  grounds,  and  can 
verify  the  above  ojiinion  of  my  assistant. 

After  this,  my  second  season's,  experience  at  the  seal  islands,  1  am 
satisfied  that  the  maximum  nund)cr  ( 10(>,()()(>)  of  seals  allowed  by  law  to 
be  killed  annunllj'  for  their  skins  nuiy  be  taken  each  year  in  the  future 
without  detriment  to  this  viiluable  interest  of  the  Government  and 
])('ople  and  without  (iiidangering  the  indefinite  perpetuity  of  the  .seal 
life,  unless,  indeed,  uiduiown  enemies  rise  up  and  destroy  it,  or  the 
ani.nals  cliange  their  hai)its  atul  seek  other  resorts  for  their  kind,  of 
whicli  there  is  now  no  apjiarent  i>rospect. 

How  much  imjtressidn  nuiy  in  tinu;  be  made  upon  their  numbers  here 
by  the  reported  lawless  and  indiscriminate  killing  of  female  seals  in 
and  about  the  Straits  of  I'lu-a  on  tlieii'  annual  migrations  northward  it 
is  dillicult  to  estinuite.  I  have  lieretofore  (;alled  your  attention  to  this 
waste. 

TIIK   NATIVE   PKOPLE. 

The  native  i)opuhition  of  St.  i'aul  Island,  as  shown  by  the  census 
taken  on  the  1st  of  .lanuiiry,  IfSSO,  embraced  8.5  resident  families  and  a 
total  of  L!7S  souls.  During  the  year  there  were  J)  marriages,  11)  births, 
and  IS  deaths  on  this  island. 

St.  (ieorg(^  Lsland,  by  the  census  taken  July  1,  1880,  had  a  total 
po|)uliition  of  92  .souls;  the  faniiiies  nund)ered  '25,  and  there  were  4 
marriages,  ."t  births,  and  (1  deal  lis  during  the  ,,  ear. 

The  natural  incrca.sc  in  popidation  is  thus  .«hown  to  be  very  slow;  in 
fact,  the  i>oi»ulati(»n  of  the  islands  has  rcnuiined  stationary  since  my 


134  ALASKA    tii^itXAtllfm. 

last  animiil  rcjioit  (8a\e  tiw  *ij,i^^,i^  Jrtcf^fise  cfmaod  by  niarriiijies  of 
woiiKMi  fiom  ul)r<>a(l),iin<l  f)ji>;  ^Ja-^ii^iia  ("|,f.  f^ut,  tJuit  tlKH-oiiditioii  of  the 
people  111  tlie  matter  of  ].liy.si<yj  ^^(^^(^1^  and  weiiltli  is  exceptionally 
good  for  a  ])iiniitivc  race,  i'M^HU-- &iM'»».c^  of  1(mi<,'  standinj?,  and  dis- 
eases of  a  scrofulous  <]iara^-U'>  ***yrt  H^.  i^  de,e{)  rooted  in  the  constitu- 
tions of  tills  simple  peo])le. 

The  earnings  of  the  Jiativ«  s<^^l)Uy•*  Mt  St.  T'anl  Island  amounted  for 
theyear  to.S.Jl-'.KM.IO  (not  Jueiwilpii^tf  cwniderable  [layments  for  miscel- 
laneous labor),  obtained  fjonj  t^w  t/WAVhi(i  sources,  viz: 

79,lir)  i)riiiio  sciil  skins,  at  40  leut* .•.-.-...-.• $3]  77S, 00 

555  cut  soul  sUiiiB,  :it  20  cciiiH .             '       ]'.,' Ill  (K) 

261  sen- lion  sUins,  ut  00  <i;nt8 •■.•.-..• ."  15H.  ■!() 

9i  l)iii'ri'l.s  iulcHtiucs,  at  $0 .-.-.•.■.-.•/.v!!'..  ..'.'.'.!'.'.'.'. . ....... ....  5?!  00 

''""•"' ■--.•  .-..■. 32,  101.  10 

This  a<j:gre«ate  sum  was  djv^M  jl^^  f,he  chiefs  and  people  ui)on  a 
coninmiiity  i)lan  of  tln-jr  <nvji  aiwil  4'^<MhTiU'<]  amonf(the  entire  resident 
native  population  in  the;  thlb^wiuii  t/tfi^r<>tt'u>uf^,  viz: 

01  (irst-clasH  sliares  at  .tJiXi.OO ...._...,..._ jjiq.i  7<)9. 55 

10  second-cliiss  slians  at  .tJiOy.OO •.•.-.-.-/!■!!]!! ..'.'.'.'.'.'..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.     ''>'  oo'l!  K() 

2  thinl-class  sliaics  at  ^IJOO ......_._.  _  "    .       '  '  0(K)  (M) 

•1  snecial  ajjpiopriatioiiM 35o!o,5 

3  chiefs,  each  tfluO  extra ■.■.■.■.■]■.■.'...  .'...'.'.'.'....'.'.'.'.'. ...'.'.'.  450. oi) 

''"•><^^!'' .-.-.■.•.. 32, 104.  40 

Three  first-class  shares,  im>^,mf.it^f(  fo  |l,21(».«r,,  ^ere  appropriated 
to  i)ay  for  the  translation  of  tj;>;  tUti^mtt  Church  service  into  the  Aleu- 
tian lanjiuage. 

The  earniii}j;s  of  the  native-  w^lUit;;  ^^y  <Ht,.  (George  Island  amounted  to 
$8,000,  beiiifi-  the  i)r<)(ee<l.s  of  'M/ff^*  pruttf.  seal  skins  at  10  cents  each, 
which  sum  was  divided  aud  ^iMfiilWiif^^d  as  follows: 

10  shares,  at  .*IOO _. $4, 000.  (X) 

4  shares,  at  $:W5 j  540  (X) 

•)  shares,  at  $272 .--.-.-.•.■.■.•. I,3(i0.00 

^shares,  at  .f50 100,  (K) 

Church  ai>i)rui)riatiun ........._._._. '\ '.'..'.'..'..     1,000.  00 

'^'"ta 8,  0(K).  00 

In  addition  to  the  above  tiM-^-  v\>;*s  fittr\C<]  hv  the  St.  (ieorge  ])eople 
duriiif'-  the  year  the  sum  of  )f2,m*A'f  h'^  taking  sea-lion  and  fox  skins 
and  i)erforiuing  other  laboj . 

Kepressive  nioas.;res  U-yi-u^t^t^  ^^^^^.f]  against  the  manufacture  and 
use  of  quas,  or  hoiii<'  \m-\\v4  l^-4-i,  have  been  continued  with  good 
effect.  Druiikcniies.si  ajiiouj^  Mm'  t^f/^f\f.  has  been  reduced  to  the  mini- 
mum. I  consider  this  t'omt^  f;^A.^f■^<^fy  fo  the  salvation  of  this  people. 
There  is  good  reason  to  bejiey*-  fi^^t  #ifh  free  trade  in  rum  and  furs  on 
these  islands,  both  liecjph-  aij/J  **-:ii|l*<«','«,|d  practically  disappear  within 
the  next  decade. 

Thevenerabh;  Hishoj.  5e.st/.»ii..  h*^  (>f  the  F.'ussian  (ireek  Church  in 
America,  visited  these  islaijde^*-.4i|tlli)'  'ftt  the  present  reason  on  a  religious 
mission.  He  i)reaehe«l  1^^  tilM'  tiit^ffpic,  and,  in  comjiliance  with  the 
expressed  wish  of  the  I'n-suiA/iff,  ■MfAftwt<^(\  them  in  the  jirinciples  of  a. 
purer  niornlity  iind  a  higher  t-^w  f4  civilization,  reminding  them  of 
their  duties,  religious  and  i'hH.-M^i  ^i^cfjuring  them  to  abandon  the  e-H  . 


ALASKA    INDrKTHIKS. 


135 


of  (lnitik«5iiiicHH,  {jmnhlinu,  iiltliiiicss,  iuid  tli<^  like.     How  loiifj  or  liow 
far  liiK  ^rood  lulvicc!  will  he  it'iiioniiicifd  and  lir<-d(;d  is  iirohlciiiiitical. 

lOti^liHli  schools  liiivi'  l)c(Mi  inaiiilaiiKMl  dm  in;:  ('i;;ht  months  ol'tlK;  yair 
on  liolh  JMliinds.  They  were  well  tiiii;;lit,  and  tli<^  proofless  nnide  l».v  the 
piipilH  in  their  stndies  was  not  disereditiii)le.  'I'Ik*  iiMeiidiineeoii  the; 
HI.  («eor;;e  S(;hool  was  };ood,  beinj;'  l(«»  pei'  cent  of  the  wliohi  nnniher 
ol  pupils  enrolled  (l'().  Tlieri*  was  soniethin;;  of  a  falling'  otf  in  the 
allendaneeon  this  island  ovei' that  of  tiie  prcttediny  y<'ar,  the  |»ercenta{;e 
Itcin^  Imt  To  of  the  enrollment  (40). 

THK   ALASKA    ('(tMMKUCIAl,   COMI'ANV. 


to 


The  lessees  of  tlie  ishinds  have  faitlifiilly  and  iilterally  <'r)ni|ilied  with 
all  the  terms  and  conditionsof  their  conliact  it  h  the  (lovcnnncnt,  and 
have  shown  themselves  willing:'  and  ready  to  meet  all  recpiircmentH  of 
the  Department  and  of  itsollicers  stationed  on  the  islands. 

'I'lie  (|nantities  of  salmon,  coal,  barrels,  and  salt,  reipiired  to  lie  fiir- 
idslied  i»y  them  for  the  use  of  t lie  native  inhabitants  have  been  supplied, 
an  shown  by  the  accomjianyin;;  accounts  cnrrent.  marked  I  and  K. 

'I'lie  supplies  of  food,  clothing,  etc.,  kepi  for  sale  have  been  ^{eiuirally 
abundant  in  (piantity  (witli  a  sin;^le  noleworlhy  e\ception),  ;,'ood  in 
<pialily,  and  soldataveraj;(^  moderate  prices.  'I'lie  widows  and  orphans 
have  been  su)i|»orte(l  ;;ratuitously,  and  the  people  have,  as  a  isiie,  been 
juHlly  and  kindly  treated. 

The  company  has  constructed  a  telephone  litut  connectiiifj  Hi.  Taul 
villa{,'e  with  the  northeast  point  of  tiie  island,  where  the  hnj^est  rookery 
is  located.  Several  new  houses  Ibr  native  occupancy  are  in  cour.se  of 
erection.  The  eonstruction  of  the  waterwoiks  heretofore  a;;reed  ui)Oii 
will  probably  be  commeneed  and  (lompUfted  tlu;  i)r(!S(!iit  season  if  the 
necessary  material  arrives. 

,N'o  seal  oil  has  been  made  this  year. 

The  ex(!e|»tion  noted  above  in  tlie  food  sujiply  for  native  consumption 
oecairred  on  Ht.  (ieorjie  Island  last  sprinj;,  when  the  people  were  with- 
out white  Hour  oi'  hard  bread  for  a  period  (tf  about  six  weeks  jtrevions 
to  the  arrival  of  the  com])auy's  steamer,  on  the  L'dth  of  iMay.  Tin;  sup- 
f»ly  of  brown  Hour  did  not  fail  entiicly,  however.  'I'lie  deli(!ienc,y  was 
owin;;,  as  I  have  ascei'tained,  to  an  uninlenlional  underestimate  in  mak- 
ing the  provisi<Mi  reipiisition,  and  to  an  uncxjiecfedly  heavy  consump- 
tion in  jiro|»ortion  to  the  ])opiilati(Hi,  judfjed  by  the  standard  of  former 
years,  'i'he  natives  beinj>'  essentially  a  meat  ealiuf,' people,  however,  no 
Hiiflerin^'  ensued,  as  all  other  necessary  supidies  were  aluinilant.  The 
))riiicij)al  a{;ent  of  the  company  has  assured  nu'  that  no  didiiiieiury  shall 
occur'  hereaftei',  ami  that  al  least  six  months'  extra  su|>ply  of  Hour  aiul 
l)rea(I  will  always  be  kept  on  hand  at  the  station. 


VKSSKLS   TOU<'IIIN(r   AT   .SKAI.    ISI.AMW. 


No  predatory  vessels  have  appeared  in  Ihci'te  waters  duriu},'  the  past 
,\car.  In  compliance  with  instiiuttions.  <  )tter  Island  has  been  twice 
visited  by  myself  and  one  ol'  my  assistants  during  the  season,  jind  other 
visits  will  occasioiuilly  l)e  made  to  it  by  me  dm  in;;  this  fall  to  watch  for 
predatory  vessels.  There  is  no  liii'  <eal  breeding' r<»okciy  on  tl  i',  island, 
but  a  few  thousand  s-v-als  haul  out  there  to  icst  and  sleep. 


136 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


'riif  ('(illo\viii}f  is  ix  list  of  vessels  t')udiiii}>'  at  Ht.  ratil  Islaiid  since 
Jiiy  last  leiMJi't: 


Hl«. 


NmiM' 111' MsMil.      .MiixIi'i'h  iiiiiiin.    Ariivcil.  Hi  |>iirtril.         Cliiiraclir  of  viiyau''. 


t'.  S.   ri'vii 

rlltllT. 
ScliniiliiT 

r.  S.   ri^Miiiii' 

llllllT. 

Sc;lioiMifr 


Ilii'liai'il  ItiiHli 

lli'lla 

liirliaril  KiihIi 
SI. I i-K 


IHTlt.  1H70. 

..       lillillV AllL'.      IP  AllL'.    10 

I  '  , 

..\  rctiiHi'ii ,  Aii^'.  :ti  Aii^'.  Ill 


liallry. 


Si'pt.  2H      Sipt.  'Jil 


...,  llauiid Oct.    VS     (let,.     II 


I 


lirlK 

SrIiooiKT  . 


hlcaiiirr 

r.  s.    rivriini' 

nillrr. 
Sl«iiiii«r 

Sti'aiii  yaclil  . . 

StcaiiiiT 


I                                           1880.  IHHII. 

IliilalKo Wllllaiim Apr.  2r>  Apr.  il 

.MallliiwTiiriU'r..  AiwIirHoii ' ilo...  Ajir.  211 

.Sl.l'aiil I'.r.><Uiim .May  31  June    7 

Tlioiiia.'i  (iirwln  ..  Iliiiiiiir •lu'no    II  Jmin    U 


SI.  I'niil 


...'    I'.IHkilU' illlllr  IH      JlllH'  20 


I).. 
Ilo 
1)1). 


LaninMliiro  Witcli     IIihiiiIIi.  nwii.    .liini' 25     Jiiiii' 211 

(KiiuIihIii.                   i'I'. 
Hiiia llaKiio Iiiiii- 2^     -Tiily     1 


St  rail! 1  KiMkiiH' 

ilii ilo  . 

ill) I do  . 


.Tiilv  111  .Inly  13 
.lul'v  20  July  211 
.Inly   27     .Inly   30 


I'rni.siiij;  fur  lliivcriiniKnt. 

lloHinrHH    of   AlaNka    Ciaii' 

nii'rrial  (/'oiiipany. 
('rulniiiu  I'lir  lloviriinii'iil. 

IIUHiiiiHR    III'    AlaHkp    I'oni- 
iniMiial  l,'iini|iup,. 

On  voyage  lo  .\rrlir. 
Itn.sinrHH    nl'   Alanka    Com- 
niiTcial  Coinpaiiv. 
Do. 
('riiiHii]!.'  I'lir  liovi'rnnii'nt. 

llnHUH'M!)    of    .Maxkit    (^im- 

mincial  I'oinpany. 
I'lxaHiii'c  voyajjo  aronnil  lliu 

worlil. 
lliiHiiii'HH    of    Alaaka    Com. 
menial  Company. 
Do.  ' 

Do. 
Do. 


Of  tlie  alxive,  the  compaiiy's  ve.s8els  and  tlie  United  States  revenre 
cutters  toiicli  at  St.  (leorfie  Island  al.so. 

A.ssistaiit  Treasury  A^^eiit  .1.  II.  Moulton  remains  in  eliarge  of  St. 
(le(irf.;'e  Island,  liis  assij^iiiiient  to  St.  I'aul  liavinp  been  revoked  by  nie 
on  aceoiint  of  tlie  deiiartiire  of  Assi.stant  Agent  lleaiiian.  Assistant 
Agent  l>.  F.  Scribner,  Ibrineily  on  duty  at  St.  GecMgo  island  and 
latterly  here,  avails  himself  of  the  leave  of  absence  granted  him  in 
Deiiartinent  letter  dated  A])ril  17,  ISHO,  and  embarks  for  San  Francisco 
on  the  steamer  St.  Paul,  sailing  to-day.  Both  ho  and  As.'^istant  Agent 
Moulton  have  discharged  their  several  duties  in  a  faithful  and  ollicer- 
like  manner. 

Assistant  Agent  Beamaii,  carrying  into  effect  athreat  iirstexpres.sed 
nearly  a  year  ago  and  fieiiuently  siiute,  has  for  personal  reasons  taken 
the  responsibility  of  leaving  his  jiost  of  duty  and  the.se  islands  with- 
out authority  from  the  Treasury  Department,  and  also  in  dedance  of 
my  own  previous  and  formal  disa|)i)roval  of  his  course.  lie  embarked 
I'lom  St.  (ieorge  island  on  the  L'itli  instant.  1  report  the  facts  for  your 
information  and  action  thereon. 

In  this  state  of  the  ca.se  (it  iieiiig  impracticable  to  hear  from  the 
i)cpaitment  again  before  next  year)  I  am  constrained  by  a  sense  of 
duty  to  waive  the  privilege  heretofcu'c  otlicially  granted  me  in  the  mat- 
ter of  leaves  of  absence  and  to  remain  on  duty  here  during  the  coming 
winter,  in  order  that  the  reciuiremeiits  of  the  Department,  demanding 
the  (;(,nstant  |iresence  of  at  least  two  of  its  agents  at  tlie  seal  islands, 
may  be  fullilled. 

1  am,  sir,  resiiectfuUy,  your  obedient  servant, 

IlAKiJisoN  G.  Otis, 
Treasury  Atjent  in  Vharf/e. 
The  Secketauv  of  the  Tkeasury, 

WasliiiujioH,  J>.  C. 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


137 


8 
S 

K 

7 


;  V  .2  5  «  i  -  >■ 
r'^j  f-Jj  =i  a' 

-  5 1—  w  ."  o  «  ^ 


d>  ffi»-      ^      f  I -•  ■-•  .-4  ^  s  4 fi r:  fi  tiffi -f  hxi-*ii- 5»i-«  * 


?i'x»-  ?t  rici  f  d» -Z  I- fit- a  I*  to  « 


12 


I 

c 


•H5  . 
Sir 

i 

a 


a 


•3 

3 


3-S 


i:  =  n 


C 
3 
PL. 


►JN 


SS2!2    =S 

fl  ^        ^        CI  ^ 


s'li 


3S  »  ^  -H  M  W 
r-  -  (X  z> 

-/:  ^  —  Ci 


•-'"f<xo»s>'?ia>t-i'-« 


«  K^  5»  C  rt  t-:  1-  ^  o  —  rt 
M  -t  o»  ce  I-  •-•  I-  31  to  '3  (- 


r*  ift  w  ti^      ^  c.  M 

M  —        —I        CI  >-•  ?l 


?1  <P  OC  1^  51  -f 

^^  £  o  w  o  ■^ 

•*  ?i  rt  e-i  r* 


c  5 

■J.  ~ 


:iris.^ 


5 

1 

: 
; 

■1 

^   O}^ 

^ 


Ttsiil^ 


■~st 


zx-c;^'^ 


•r.  _^ 


—  C  :  * 


3  a 


te       <       c 


(  »•    1 

:^ 

O  ?l     ' 

1     ■  "  O  ^  (0  ,-i  w 

S  : 

i?;s     t: 

TO   ; 

3 

^ 

>  35  t;  r.  - 


«        S        - 
u         o 


138 


ALASKA    INDTHTKIKH. 


t  ►"  "  . 


A  i  .5  i  X  i  -  ; 


a 
o 


5 


I     I 


s 

-1 


*-r 


0»  ffi  i.'5  Ti ''  t.'  ? '  l'  *  -"i '  ■•  I •  ■^  '5  t "  'S  '  '  ••  —"R  —  P  (■•  W  O  •*■  ^  "t 


«^  I  , 


I  -  .r,  ;  •  ©  : ,  i.  '^  p  —  •*  o»  T 1 1 '  *  tD  -r  I  -  <1  —  ?i  T  1 1  -  —  «  H^  r*  tij  S 
T I  -r  r  I '  ■•  o  5  fi  n  I  -  f  I  w  rt  M  -^  4  in  '5  r  i  -r  1 1  z^  x  t  •  -  't  ■•  lO 

t  -•;  r^  ^  _;  ^  *  i  _:  ts  _'  ^  - 1  n' ;  i  ^'  t .' ,_'  ,m'  ^  7  i  m'  ^'  1 .'     ^'  p4  «*  ?  j 


•  1-  -^  c  Ci  rs  3*  c  1 

;    ; 

i-»r 

16    

i:i    

12    3    

11               2    

:i    

ll'     .... 

<0  5> 

o  ri  —  —  I '  -r  rr  ^  I  -  s  o  <■-,  rt  n  sj  ^  •—  —  (p  tr.  x  —  i.",  —  •£  x 
■^  •*  7  1  y.  Ti  ■•  1."^  1-  •  M  /,  —  'J  I-  ?i  r-i  -  t  5  —  ^  t  ^  .1  Ti  ffi 

:i  •/  c  ■—  'C  t~.  -  —  )*.  I-  Ti  tj  :'.  .-•;  ^  -t  I-.  ^  CI  -r  :i  T  X  I-  to  '/, 


;i4 


•^  "^  =  -'  -  i  -l-^ 


"7   >    -  K 


ijl;iX:ir-H^<Hs;i'■^;Hi:ii?^N 


=  0 
>-.l-5 


ALASKA    INDUHTKIEH. 


139 


H. — Annual  Hlalciiitnt  iil'/nr  Ht'tih  billed  at  SI.  (Icorge  lulnnil,  xennoi   of  tS79~SO, 


Diiti'. 
IHTO. 

KiH.kcry. 

SkliiH  Ic'I't    oviir  of  cull  h  of 
187K  7!l    

Kllh'i 
I'ltpn. 

fill'  iiiiIIm'  IimiiI. 

i      HkiiiH 

S       rcjuctud. 

{  y: 

1  1:1 

J 

•c 

a 

Klllcil  t 
nK 

I'rlni:' 

HklllH 
JlCCCpt- 

cd. 

<M'  (1 
HH. 

Sk 

l-«,|c 

s 

ii'ir 

n« 
ted 

;! 

U4 

ABKr 

Whole 
iiiiiiili)<r 

HklllH 

acii'pt- 
I'd  li\ 

AlaHka 
Com- 

inci'cial 

ColH' 

paiiy. 

500 
8 

02 
48 

•Kat«. 

Whole 
iinnilicr 

III'  McaU 
killed. 

.luly  24 

28 

Soutliwi'rti  Huy ' 

H 
03 
18 

08 
64 
47 
58 
48 
18 
318 

H 

Near  Null  li 

ill) 

1 

63 

A  UK.    « 
IB 

4r* 

....  do 

08 
54 
47 
58 
48 

08 

8<>|il.    1. 

23 
Oct.      2 

15 

Nov.    3 

8 

do 



54 

d 

47 

do 

58 

....  do 

48 

do 

do 

821 

.18 
315 

830 

3 

318 

10 

(111 

n.-i4 
31 

(154 

10 

SoiitliHCHi  liny 

.Starry  Atuul 

20 
03 

U 

23 

20 
03 

14 

23 

81 

333 

502 

Bl 

Um'.     0 

03 

1880. 
May   18 
'JO 

1 



14 

Stiiirv  .\ticl 

.... 

23 

Jtllio    !l 

Noiili 

81 
333 
582 
3.'.1 
734 

1 
5 
2 

1 

82 

u 

Kast  

i  ... 

33M 

12 

North  and  Starry  Atool 

1 

nni 

u 

Kant  

1 

' 

351             352 

1.1 

734             738 

]7 

....do '. 

254 
557 

254             254 

17 

. 

,, 

557             55'.l 

10 

I';a.^t                      '         

5'.t0       -1 

r,yO             5i|i) 

10 

223 

1,  182 

518 

223             223 

21 

• 

.... 

1.182         1   183 

22 

518             518 

•a 

Ka-st          . . . .  ' 

811 

833 

3 

811             814 

25 

1 

833             830 

25 

1,320       2 

1.7114       0 

843       3 

1.320         1,3'.'2 

28 

I'^ftHt   '          

1  704         1  770 

20 

1 

843  1          840 

;io 

Starry  Atecl      .         

8(18 
302 
il54 
ll«l 
515 

808               H08 

July    1 
2 

Nortli 

302  1          392 

Kast, 

2 

954          n.io 

2 

SoiitliwcHt  Hav 

i.    _ 

001 

515 

1,481 

1,810 

047 

001 

5 

Nortli  and  Starrs'  .\tc»*l 

515 

6 

KaKt \ 

1, 481       2 

1,810       4 

047       2 

1.483 

? 

Southwest.  Hay 

1,814 

B 

East 

040 

Total 

1,508 

880 

3 

275 

1 

.  18, 830     in  1  28 

20,000       'Jl  393 

c. 

Island  ok  St.  rAiT.,  ./»iie  7,  tSSO. 
Tliiw  is  toccrtifvthat  011  the  2LM  diiy  of  May,  ISSO.  l.lHL'  fur-sfiiil  skins  were  shipped 
on  boiml  the  AliiHliii  ('oiiiinnrciiil  Ci>iiii)iiiiy'H  Htciiiiicv  St.  Paul  (Krskitic  tiiiiHter),  from 
the  island  of  .St.  Uoorjjo,  boing  jiuit  ol"  tiio  (jnota  of  1S80. 

II.  G.  Oti.s,  Treasury  AijenI  in  Charge. 


1). 


Isi.Axn  OK  St.  Gkorck,  Juhj  S4,  ISSO. 
Tliis  is  to  rertify  tliat  12,092  fur-seal  skills  have  this  day  heeii  shipped  onboard 
the  Ahiska  ConiniurciHil  Company's  atuaiiior   .S7.  I'nnI  (M.  (J.  Erskiiio  111  ster),  all  of 
the  <iuota  ot  1880. 

J.  II.  Mon.ToN,  AssManl  TrcaKury  Agent. 


140 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


th 
b 


Isr.AN-i)  or  St.  (Jeok.je,  July  Sr,,  ISflO. 
This  is  to  roTtify  that  0,170  fnr-scal  skins  ll:^v(^  tliis  day  licrii  sliiiipiMl  on  bonnl 
h<>  Alasl<ii  Coniniorcial  Company's  stiiamiT   .S7.    i'aiil  (Kr'skine  master),  bcinf;  tlio 
ulaiico  (iC  tlio  <iuota  (L'0,0(K)}  (.-i'  this  island  for  I881). 

IF.  (i.  ()il8,  Treaiur;/  Atjeut  in  Chunje. 


F. 

Isi.AXT)  fiF  St.  rAl-l,.  Tune  7,  ISSO. 
This  ifl  to  certify  that  2,:.'70  fur-seal  skins  have  thisaay  been  shipjied  on  lioard  tho 
Alaska  Conimorcial  Company's  steamer  .>7.    Paul  (Krskino  master),  helnji;  i)art  of 
t\n-  ((uota  of  IWO. 

II.  (r.  Otis,  Treasunj  Ji/enl  in  ('har<ie. 


a. 

Island  of  St.  Tat-l,  June  ,10,  JSSO. 
This  is  to  certify  that  12,181  fnr-snal  skins  have  this  day  been  shipped  on  l)oard 
the  .Vlaska  Comniercial  Com]. any 's  steamer  l)t>ra  (llaj;iio  master),  destined  for  Sau 
Frauciseo,  via  Ounalaska,  beinj;  part  of  the  (piota  of  IXMO. 

H.  (i.  Otis,  JVcd.fHci/  Aiiml  in  Clianje. 


II. 

Isi.AXP  M-  St.  Pat-i,,  Jiilji  .10,  ISSO. 

This  is  to  certify  that  sineotbc  .%tli  day  of  .dine,  18S((((lato  of  my  last  c('rtilieate), 
Gr>„")l(!  fur-seal  skins  have  heen  shipjied  on  board  the  Alaska Cominereial  Oomiiany"'* 
steamer  Kl.  I'aul  (Erskine  master;,  being  th(^  balanee  of  the  (piota  (80,0()0)  of  tii'.s 
island  for  1830. 

H.G.Oti.s,  Tritisiirji  Aijtnl  in  Cltargi:. 


I. — Alaska  Commercial  Contpant/,  San  i'mnciftrn.  in  arrouni  irilh  the  Inilid  Statcii,at  St. 
J'anI  Inland,  Alaska,  tu  May  ■',!,  JSSO. 

Du. 

July  2i>,  1879.  To  shipments  of  fnr-seal  skins  from  the  island  to  date  Cquota  of  t,SV9), 
H(),()()0  skirs. 

Sejit.  1, 1879.  To  amount  of  s.ali;  salmon  rei|niri'd  to  lie  supplied  for  consumption  by 
tho  native  ]ieoplo.  <lii  liarrels. 

Nov.  17, 1879.  To  amo  "nt  of  eoal  rei|Mired  to  bo  furnished  for  use  of  tho  native  peo- 
ple, li.  tons. 

Sept.  1, 1879.  To  sujiplies  of  barrels  and  salt  required  to  be  furni«bed  nativos  for  the 
j)r('servation  of  meat,  reinilsite  amounts  and  (juantities. 

Sept.  1, 1879.  To  inaiutenaueo  of  school,  as  required  by  leaso,  8  mouths. 

Clt. 

.lune  1,  1879.  liv  lawful  quota  of  fur-seal  skins  allowdl  to  be  taken  anuuallv  1  quota 

'of  1879),  80,(H)0  skins. 
Sept.  1,1879.  ]5y  anioiint  of  salt  salmon  siiriplied  lor  cnnsuiiiptiou  by  the  native  iico- 

pl<?,  (id  barrels. 
Nov.  17,1879.  Uy  aiiu)init  ol'  coal  supplied  lor  use  of  tlu^  native  people  (in  lieu  of 

wood),  40  tons. 


« 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


141 


Sejit.   1, 1879.   Ily  barrels  ami  Halt  Hiippliud  nativn  pooplc*  for  i)reN(;rvation  of  meat, 

rcijiiisitct  aiiioiiiitH  aii<l  (|iiantitio8. 
8o])t. L'8,1H80,  IW  iiiaiiit(Miaii(M;  of  hcIiooI  (t'Oiiiinenciu};   !Sei>temlier  1,  1879,  cloning 

A]. -il  l'«,  1««()),  8  months. 

r  certify  on  lionor  that  tlie  abovo  accuiiiit  curnMit  is  correct,  to   ilic  best  of  my 
kno\vIeil};e,  and  l)clief. 

11.  (r.  Otis,  Triaanr!/  Ayciit  ill  Charijc 


,J. — .llaska  Coinmeriial  Cinnpami,  Sun  Frnnvigco,  in  iicioiint  willt  the  Vniltd  ista'.o,  at  St. 

Oconje  Inland,  Ahiska. 

I)K. 

,Jnly  2."),  lS7!t.  To  hiii|i;i:fcntH  of  fur-seal  skhis  from  the  island  to  date  ((|Uota  of  1879), 

:io,(iO()i '  MIS. 
Ani'  '";,  r>7it.  To  aiiKXMit  of  sajt  salmon  n<|nired  to  be  inrnished  fur  eonsiimptiou 

by  the  laitivc  pcojilc,  2ii  barrels. 
Aug.  !,">,  187!t.  T',   amount  ii.*"  'joul   re<|Mired  to    bo  furnished   I'oi'  use  of  tlie  native 

])ooplo,  20  tons. 
Aug.  1."),  1^<7!I.    I'd  sujiiilies  of  barrels  and  salt  re(|nired  to  be  furnished  native  pcoi)l() 

for  i)rescrvatioii  <<i  fieat,  rcipiisito  amounts  and  (lUiint'.ties. 
Sept.  1,  1879.  To  maintunuuce  of  school  as  n  (iiiircd  by  hnise,  8  mouths. 

Cu. 

.Mine  ],  1H7      Hy  lawful  (|U(.ta  of  fur-seal  skins  alloweit  to  bo  t".ken  annually  (ipiota 

of  1879),  211,0(1(1  Mkiiis. 
Aiiji'.  15,  1879.   Ily  amount  of  salt   sa  inon  suiij.licd  for  consnnipti(.n   by  the  imtivo 

people,  20  barrels. 
Aug.  15,  1KT9.  Hy  ainounl  of  coal   Hup)>lie>l  Cm-  iis(^   of  tlie  native  people  ( in  lieu  of 

wood),  20  tons. 
.Aug.  15,  1879.   Hy  b.irrels  atid  salt  supplied   mitivo  peo])lo  for  preservation  o»' moat, 

re(iuisit(i  a!noiints  and  i|nantitics, 
.May  1,  1?^S(I.  Hv  maintenance  of  uchout  (commencing  .September  1.1879;  idosing  May 

r,  1880),  i',  !!'..UltllS. 

1  ocrtif.N  on  liMijor  that  tin-  aliove  account  current  is  made  up  from  the  records  of 
St.  George  Island,  and  that  it  is  correct  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief. 

II.  (;.  Ori.s. 
Tixcsurii  Aijent,  in  Cluinje  of  ^eal  Jslandn. 


1S81. 


Sptcial  Atjent  Otin;  nnnnal  report  for  ly^^l. 

OPFICK  <•]••   Si'KCIAL   AGKNT   TrkasUUV    DkI'AHTMENT, 

St.  I'md  Island,  .liih/  .W,  18S1. 

Sni:  1  liavo  the  lionor  to  .submit  my  aiiniiiil  report  on  si'aliiig  opera- 
tions and  other  ai!'airrt  iit  tlie  seal  islands  durinj^  the  past  year. 

UESULTS  Ol'   rilK   SKALING   SEASON. 

The  lir.st  breedin;^  seals  (bulls)  made  their  appearance  this  sea.son  on 
St.  Paul  Isliiiid  <»ii  May  li,  iuid  on  8t.  (iectrpe  Islanti  ."May.").  Uy  the 
♦itii  of  June  tiie  chiss  liaown  as  *'  kill;d)le  seals"'  had  commeiKM'd  liaul- 
iwiX  out  ill  iiiimbeis  sullicient  to  enable  the  Alaska  (Jommeieial  Com- 
])any  to  eommence  driving  and  Uilliiij;-  tor  skins,  and  i)y  the  middle  of 
thiit  month  the  sealers  had  nil  they  eoiild  maiiatie.  Killiiifr  ceased  on 
St.  Paul  .I'iiyl'(>;  tliirty-fivetiiivs  hiviiifj  been  expended  in  conipletin{f 
the  full  (;iitch  ot  .SM,()0()  skins  (.'.j.Sl.'J  skins  had  l>een  taken  from  "food 
seals"'  '^clorc  the  re^'ulur  sealin^j  season  commenced). 


142 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


Killiiif,'  hitjinu  on  HI.  (icorKc.  June  0,  and  ceased  July  Ifi;  twenty-two 
days  liiivihf;  bcnn  expended  in  eoinpletinfj  tlie  full  catch  of  L'0,(HK>  (040 
skins  had  Ixieii  taken  t'nitn  '^  food  seals''  killed  on  that  island  before  the 
rejjuiar  season  eotnnienc.ed). 

The  residt  of  the  (Mit.ire,  year's  killing  on  botli  islands,  both  by  the 
lessees  for  skins  and  by  the  native  i)eopl(^  for  food,  is  presented  in  com- 
pact form  in  the  iccornpanying  tabulated  statement  iiuirked  'A.''' 

HIUI'MKNXS. 

The  shi]»mentK  of  fur-scfal  skins  made  by  the  Alaska  Commercial 
Com|>any  sine*!  the  eloH('  of  the  sealing  season  of  1<S80  have  aggregated 
!i9,!»(i()  and  are  speeideally  set  out  in  the  acconii»anying  actrount  current 
marked  "H,""  and  also  in  nine  (^ertilicates,  marked"fro:ii  C  to  L.  Tliis 
account  current,  instead  of  being  closed  with  .May,  as  formerly,  is 
brought  down  so  an  to  in<dude  the  present  season's  shipments,  and  is 
thus  made  to  eniitraite  two  years'  8hii)ments. 

OONDITION    OK   THE  FUR-SEAT.   LIFE. 

The  appearance  and  condition  of  the  breeding  rookeries  and  hauling 
grounds  c(»ntinue  favorable,  and  there  is  no  perceptible  diminution  in 
tiie  vast  nundiers  of  the  seals.  Tiiey  were  somewhat  later  than  last 
season  in  coming  up  from  the  sea  to  their  customary  haunts  upon  land, 
owing,  it  Ih  believed,  to  the  coldness  of  the  spring,  and  i)ossibly,  also, 
in  ]»art  Ut  tlie  presence  in  tln^se  waters  of  numerous  "killer"  whales. 

An  unusual  proportion  of  large  youii{.»  males  ai)peared  in  the  droves, 
good  evidencu!  that  the  ranks  of  the  breeding  class  are  not  being 
tliinned  inJiKiously.  As  in  former  /ears,  very  considerable  numbers  of 
fullgnnvn  bulls,  l»elieved  to  be  b(>ih  capable  and  willing,  may  be  seen 
throughout  the,  bn^ifding  season  prowling  r'tout  oa  the  ragged  edges  of 
the  harems,  without  Camilies  of  their  own,  but  "  waiting  and  watching 
over  tlie  border"  for  (*|>portunitie.s  to  invade  the  iiolygauious  precincts 
from  which  they  had  Immmi  (ixpelied  by  their  more  powerful  or  deter- 
mined felhtws,  i:i  order  to  kidnap  and  carry  ort"  the  coveted  cows. 

Tiie  breeiling  rook(!ries  show  unmistakable  expansion  in  many  places, 
their  o(!cupants  steadily  driving  or  crowding  the  young  males  (ba<!helors) 
from  their  former  rewirts,  and  gradually  forcing  them  to  haul  out  upon 
new  ground. 

NUMHEHH,  -rilK   ('^lEHTlON   OP   INOREASP:   OR   DECREASE. 

i  shall  not  venture  t-<i  state  in  figures,  even  approximately,  the  grand 
aggregate  of  fur  seals  that  annually  visit  these,  their  favorite  resorts. 
I  can  only  say  it  is  very  great — a  countless  multitude — and  is  certainly 
not  diminisliing.  in  my  o|)inion,  the  increase  or  decrease  of  tlie  seal 
life  is  best  shown  by  the  ease  or  ditticulty,  relatively,  with  which  the 
annual  catrh  is  taken  when  the  conditions  under  which  the  work  is 
tloiie  are  substantially  (,h(^  same,  one  year  with  another.  The  following 
tal)le,  c;)vering  ii  period  of  eleven  years,  shows:  (1)  Tlio  number  of 
seal  skins  taken  in  each  sealing  season  proper  on  St.  Paul  Island;  (12)  the 
numlierof  <lays  expentled  in  the  work;  (;i)  the  number  of  sealers  en- 
gaged; (1)  the  average  nuuilier  of  skins  taken  per  day,  and  (."»)  the 
average  daily  catch  per  man  engaged;  and  it  is  coii'ldently  submitted 
as  the  most  soliil  ground  we  have  to  stand  upon  in  atte.npting  an  answer 
to  tl.  MKjiiiry,  "Are  tlio  fur  seals  of  Alaska  increasing  or  diminishing 
in  numbers?" 


'MlKHillg. 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


143 


\'i';ir. 

Seals 
killed. 

75. 636 
6i),  782 
74,  :i'J8 
88.  168 
84,!M4 

74,  138 
."■.S,  702 

78,  :m 

70, 080 

75,  »31 
75. 538 

Sealers 
engaged. 

Days  ex- 
pended. 

A  verage 
daily 
catch. 

1871 

66 
71 
71 
84 

m 

70 
70 
67 
i2 
70 
08 

56 
50 
40 
39 
35 
33 
2B 
33 
33 
34 
35 

1,375 

1K72                        

1,  305 

1K73           , .               

1,800 

1(174        ...           

2,201 
2. 4'je 

IH75                        

1 870 

2,  247 

1877 

2, 020 

1878 

2,  38L 

1 8711 

2,  323 

1 880 , 

2. 233 

1881 

2,158 

A  verage 
daily 
eaten 

]ier  man. 


21 
20 
20 
27 
35 
29 
29 
35 
32 
32 
32 

I  till  ilk  it  can  safely  be  said  that  dnriii}^' the  past  four  or  five  j'ears 
especially  the  conditions  under  which  the  driving,  killing,  and  skinning 
have  been  done  have  not  ihaterially  varied,  so  tliat  tiie  above  compari- 
son of  one  year's  results  'rith  another  may  be  regarded  as  a  fair  one. 
It  shotvs  a  general  increa.'ie  in  the  daily  rate  of  killing  during  the  past 
four  years  of  from  L'3  to  37  per  cent  over  the  rate  during  the  first  four 
years  of  the  lease,  and,  presumably,  a  greater  abundance  of  killable  seals. 

BUEATION   OF   'J'HK    -TA(rEY   SEASON. 

Jt  is  fortunate  that  the  full  annual  catch  can  be  secured  in  so  brief  a 
time  as  it  has  required  to  secure  it  in  recent  years,  iiisteatl  of  having 
to  extend  sealing  operations  over  tiie  entire  lawful  killing  .-reason,  viz, 
from  .lime  to  October,  inclusive  (except  the  brief  interval  troin  August 
ir>to.'}l).  As  the  harassment  of  the  seals  and  disturlKnice  of  their  haul- 
ing grounds  are  tiius  confined  to  the  shortest  possib"  -riod,  tiie  effect  is 
necessarily  good.  Besides,  whatia  more  important,  n  uld  necessitate 
a  serious  wasteof  skins  if  the  killingunder  theleaseslmiihi  beextended 
into  the  "stagey"  season,  wnich  commences  about  the  middleof  A  igust, 
is  at  its  height  through  Se])tember  and  most  of  October,  and  <iocs  not 
cease,  usually,  before  the  middle  of  November,  sometimes  not  till  later. 

Tiie  following  tablC;  giving  the  number  of  fur  seals  killed  (for  food) 
at  St;  Paul  Island  during  the  stagey  seasons  of  1.S77, 1878, 1879,  and 
1880,  and  the  i)ercentage  of  stagey  and  of  ])ri!ne  skins,  respectively, 
shows,  by  its  difiereiit  dates  and  figures,  the  be-ginning,  progress, 
height,  decline,  and  disappearance  of  the  stagey  season  in  those  years: 


Uatu  u(  killing. 


Niiijil 
kill 


.  IN  T  cent  Per  eent 
nM  (if  prime  of  stagey 
"'^''-        skins.         skius."  i 


Aug 

Aug 

Se).t. 

Sept. 

Sept 

Oct. 

Ort. 

1877. 
20              

30 

12 

21 

'JO 

0 

16.             

Oet 

24 

Nov. 

10 

Aug 
Sept 
Hept 
Bel.t 
Oct, 
Oct. 

1878. 

22 

2 

14 

24  

2 

10 

Aug 
Aug 
Aug 

1879. 
11 

20 

38 

1 

100 

m 

llj 

200 

M 

40 

106 

264 

7:iJ 

171     .. 

100 

103     .. 

IIKI 

171     

100 

157    

1011 

140    

100 

222 

DOi 

»4 

173 
211 
150 
144 
148 
14'.> 


1110 

mo 

100 
lOU 
100 
100 


I»5 

m 

34 

206 

,V.l 

41 

203 

1* 

084 

Date  of  killing. 


1879— Contlniiwl. 

Sei)f ,  5,  8 

Sept.  0 

Si-pt.  18 

.Sept.  29 

Oct.  7 

Oet.  20 

N.>v.  13 

';i>v.  27  

Dee.  tta 

Dec.  10(1 


Aug. 
Aug, 
Selll, 
Sept, 
Sept, 
Oet, 
Oet,  25.. 
Nov,  II. 
Nov.  29. 


1880. 

19 

28 

8 

18 

30 

12 


Xninber 
killed. 


Per  cent  !  Per  cent 

of  priini'  of  stagey 

skins.    !    skins. 


185 

10 

185 

211 

109 

203 

200 

172 

1,2Ufl 

1,308 


100 
189 
105 
239 
227 
260 
103 
270 
270 


27 
90 
704 
874 


724 


31 

804 
993 


100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

73 

4 

294 
124 

274 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

69 

194 


a  The  reportiMl  reappearance  of  staginess  in  December,  1870,  is  exceptional,  and  probably  an  error. 


144 


ALASKA.    INDUHTKIKS. 


From  this  table  it  will  iit  oikh;  he.  HCiui  that  tlie  killiiiff  of  fur  seals 
for  their  skins  could  not  be  prnctieed  with  profit  to  tiio,  lessees  or  to  the 
Goveriniieiit  duriiij^'  tlie  inoiiths  of  S('|)teiid)er  and  October,  as  now 
authorized  by  law,  and  that  killinj;'  in  tiie  first  half  of  >«oveniber,  even, 
would  necessitate  the  throwinji'  away  of  from  10  to  70  i)er  cent  of  the 
skins  as  staj^ey  and  comparatively  worthless. 

Althouf^h  this  is  not  now  ii  pra<;ticiil  (piestion,  since  the  full  lawful 
quota  is  easily  taken  earlier  in  the  season,  wiicn  the  skins  are  ail  prime, 
the  erroneous  provision  of  law  which  I  imve  pointed  out  nevertheless 
remains,  and  unless  corrected  mi^ht  in  fu Hi  re  years  prove  the  means 
of  workijig  injury  to  this  valuable  inli'iest  of  the  (iovernment,  which 
deservcH  to  be  ])rotected  at  every  i)oint  so  that  it  may  be  preserved 
intiict  for  i)ll  time. 

There  is  no  jrood  reason,  however,  why  the  law  nnght  not  be  modified 
so  as  to  extend  the  limits  of  the  killinj;-  season  I'or  skins  from  the  n)id- 
dle  of  November  to  the  end  of  Dccu'iiiiter.  During'  the  last  half  of 
Noveud)er  there  still  remain  njion  tiie  islands  no  inconsiderab.e  numbers 
of  killable  seals,  irom  which  .several  tliousaiul  prime  skins  could  be 
taken  in  case  anytliin<j'  had  occurred  to  curtail  the  (jatch  earlier  in  the 
season.  In  mild  seasons  fur  seals  remain  about  the  islands  till  very 
late.    The  past  wiinler  juore  than  1  ,(i<M)  were  secured  for  food  iu  January. 

MAUAUDI?-  ;    VKHSEKS. 

I  have  already,  under  date  or  .July  >  1881,  rciported  to  you  iu  detail 
the  movements  and  operations  of  suspected  and  nniraudinj^  vessels  iu 
these  waters,  and  urged  the  luied  of  more  adcHpuite  means  of  dealiuff 
with  them  for  infractions  of  law.  Since  then  l>ut  one  unknown  vessel 
has  been  seen  about  these  islands;  but  it  is  feared  that  during  Septem- 
ber and  ()<;tober,  after  .the  disappearance  of  the  (company's  vessels  from 
these  waters,  the  islands  may  be  visited  by  lawless  craft  bent  ou  raid- 
ing the  rookeries. 

OTTKU    ISLANJ). 

The  island  is  now  under  the  immedinte  pmti  i-tiou  of  an  ofRcer  and 
two  sailors  from  theUnited  StiiJ^^es  niveniie  stciimer  'J'liomas  doririii,  who 
were  detached  for  that  <luty  by  (Japtain  ilooiicr  at  St.  Michaels.  The 
ottieer,  Lieut.  G.  H.  Doty,  was  directed  by  iiis  commander  to  confer 
with  me  and  be  guided  by  my  counsel  in  the  matter.  1  have  advised 
him  to  keep  guard  over  thc^  islnnd  until  the  disajipeaTance  of  the  seals 
in  tlie  fall,  or  at  least  so  long  as  ther(!  is  any  probability  of  marauding 
vessels  visiting  these  waters;  to  protect  Ww  s(^als  from  disturbance  by 
all  i)ersons  whatever,  and,  if  possible,  to  seize  any  vessel  attempting  to 
land  men  to  kill  seals  or  take  them  in  the  adjac<'iit  wiiicrs.  Theotlicer 
and  his  men  arrived  here  July  -0,  and  j)roceeded  to  lieir  station 
July  -'.'3. 


THE  NATIVE   PEOl'LK. — CENSUS,  HEALTH,  CONDITION,  SUIU'LIES,  ETO_ 

111  compliance  with  Deiiartment  instructions  to  the  in  asury  agent 
in  charge  to  nuike  in  his  annual  report  "a  stiitement  in  regard  to  the 
general  health  of  the  natives,  iiow  far  their  wants  are  supidied,  and 
the  general  treatment  extended  to  I  hem  by  the  oHicers  of  the  Alaska 
Commercial  ('oni|)any,"  1  leport  as  follows: 

The  general  health  and  condition  of  this  ])eople  have  continued  good, 
as  compared  with  former  years,  and  are  confessedly  better  thau  the 


) 


ALASKA    INDIJSTKIES. 


145 


general  liealtli  luid  .">ii(litionot'  the  native  peoi^o  of  the  Aleutian  Isles. 
An  epidemic,  in  the  nature  of  i>neuniouia  ami  |)leurisy  combined,  wliich 
raged  during  last  winter  and  spring  in  the  Aleutian  Isles,  earrying  oil" 
many  of  thenative  inhabitants,  spread  to  St.  Paul  Island  early  in -lune, 
and  attacked  a  large  i)roportiou  of  the  people,  but  jnoved  fatal  in  only 
live  cases.  This  comparatively  slight  mortality  is  attributable  to  the 
fact  that  the  peojile  of  the  seal  islands  are  better  fed,  clothed,  and 
housed,  and  have  better  medical  attendance  than  do  the  natives  of  tlie 
lu'ighboring  islands. 

The  last  census  of  St.  Paul  Island,  taken  J)e(!ember  .'Jl,  ISSO,  shows 
a  total  native  population  of  -'7!>  souls.  Two  marriages,  21  births,  and 
liO  deaths  occurred  during  that  year.  St.  (ieorge  Island,  by  the  census 
of  JuIy,l'S81,had  a  total  native  population  of  lOli  souls.  Two  marriages, 
0  births,  and  (1  deaths  occurred  during  the  year  on  that  island. 

Despite  the  improved  physical  condition  of  the  seal  islanders,  there 
is  no  natural  increase  of  population;  on  the  contrary,  since  1S72,  the 
deaths  have  exceeded  the  births  by  two.  The  following  table  shows 
the  total  i)()[)ulation  and  the  number  of  births  and  deaths  in  each  year 
during  the  past  decade: 


St.  Paul  Island. 


St.  George  iHlaiid. 


liotli  iitlnncLs. 


Year. 


Piijiuln- 
tioii. 


Births.  '  Deatli.s. 


J870 

218 

1^71 

]87^ 

i«7:) 

1874 

227 

I87.'i  ... 

<!54 

187H 

2.'ifi 

1877 

1878 

2(il 

2li2 

187U 

28:-! 

18811 

279 

1881c 

10 
4 
14 
12 
21 
111 
I'J 
19 
21 
11 


10 
1,"> 
10 
9 
18 
18 
21 
18 
20 
11 


['0])U1)1- 

tidll. 

Birth 

8. 

i:i2 

4 

120 

( 

HI 

8 

no 

( 

i2;i 

8 

ii:i 

') 

101 

;> 

98 

8 

or. 

:< 

88 

5 

92 

r. 

102 

(I 

Ueutlis. 


Total 

Iiopiila- 

tioii. 


Natural 
incri'aso 
or  de- 
crease, a 


(> 
fi 
4 
11 
1 
li 


:t29 
:i27 
.'ino 
;i67 
:i.'i7 

359 

:)73 

371 


('tain,  3. 
L..HS,  0. 
(iain.G. 
Loss.  1. 
(Iain,  4. 
Loss,  8. 


a  Not  includiii);  increase  from  ininiigratioK, 

h  Xo  rerordH. 

cSix  iniiiilliH  lor  SI.  I'anI  I.sland. 


iho  ab.solutu  iucrea.te  since  1872  is  all  I'roiu  that  .tourco. 


The  resident  physician  states  the  annual  death  rate  on  St.  Paul 
Island,  per  1,0(H)  of  poitulatioii,  at  58,  against  1.'!  in  tlie  rnited  States, 
and  the  birth  rate  at  (i(»,  against  2S  in  the  Cnited  States.  The  average 
duration  of  human  life  on  the  seal  islands  is  only  about  fourteen  years, 
against  forty  years  in  the  United  States. 

The  physical  wants  of  the  seal  islanders  have  been  very  fairly  sup- 
jilied.  On  this  i.sland  the  native  people  were  permitted,  under  the  law, 
to  kill  for  food,  during  ten  months  of  tlie  year  whicii  this  rejiort  covers, 
medium  sized  and  small  seals  to  the  nnniber  of  0, 1. '52,  yielding  an  esti- 
mated net  weight  of  21.'3,.")()4  pounds  of  meat.  Xo  actrount  is  taken  of 
the  seal  meat  ajipropriated  for  food  during  the  sealing  .season  projier, 
but,  estimating  that  in  these  two  months  a  proportionate  quantity  was 
consumed,  tiie  grand  aj'gregate  for  the  entire  year  reaches  2."((J,27(i 
pounds  n"t,  being  nearly  3  jiounds  per  day  for  every  individual,  old 
and  youiif,  above  the  ag(>  of  1  year.  The  Alaska  Commercial  Com- 
jiany  suji  )iied  for  native  use  It  bmrels  of  salt  lisii,  besides  wliicli  the 
l»eoi>le  t(!.)k  some  tons  of  fresh  llsh,  killed  several  sea  lions  and  large 
nnmbers  of  birds,  and  consumed  a  tew  thousand  eggs.  On  these  vari- 
'jus  8ui»plies  they  have  managed  to  get  through  the  year  without 


U.  Doc.  1)2 


-10 


146 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIKS. 


Kullciiiifj  for  int'itt  food.  Other  necessary  su])plieH  have  been  fiiniislied 
tliciri  ill  iibundiiiicc  I'roiii  tlie  lessee's  stores,  iis  rei|iiired,  iiii<l  i)aid  tor 
by  tlie.  people  out  of  tlieii  <  -"n  eariiiiij^s.  The  siune  is  |»rojtorti((iiately 
tine  of  St.  (le(»r;;e  Islaiid,  v<  ;ieie  supplies  of  all  kiiHJH  have  also  been 
furnished  and  fairly  distributed. 

'I'he  whole  amount  of  salt  salmon  supplied  under  the  lease  for  native 
(•onsunii)tir»n  has  not  been  consumed  in  recent  years.  The  (pu)ta  niij;ht 
]»ropeily  be  reduced  one-fourth,  ami  an  e(iuivalent  amount  of  coal  fur- 
nished in  lieu  thereof. 

The  full  supply  of  fuel,  viz,  (>()  tons  of  coal  of  li.L'IO  ))(mnds  each, 
retjuired  to  be  furnished  under  the  lease  for  the  use  of  the  native  peo- 
])le,  was  sui)i)lied,e(piitably  distributed,  and  consumed;  besides  which 
tlic  St.  I'aid  juitives  purchased  as  nuuih  more,  paying  liicrefor  about 
$2,()(K). 

The  jjeneral  treatment  of  the  natives  has  been  good. 

The  accomi)anying  accounts  current,  marked  "Si,'"  show  the  state  of 
the  fuel,  the  school,  the  salt,  the  barrels,  and  the  lish  ac(!ouut8,  respec- 
tively. 

NATIVE   LABOR   AND  KA15NINGS. 

The  earnings  of  the  native  sealers  during  the  year  an;  given  below: 

On  St,  I'liiil  Island: 
For  (listriliiition — 

7!t,'.'L';i  iiriiiio  soiil  skins,  at  40  cents $;il.6«!»,  20 

»!82  (lit  Hcal  skins,  at  20  cents l.m  40 

(!,')  sua  linn  skins,  iit  00  cents ;ii(,  00 

2i  lianiils  intestines,  at  $6 15,00 

Total ,"%  879, 00 

Which  aggregate  sum  was  distributed  iis  follows: 

To  thedinrcli $857,00 

'I'o  tiu)  jn'iest S,">7, 00 

.'■(I  (irst-<>lass  sliares,  at  WJH.83 21,«70.:W 

lilMeeond-classsliares.  at +38,">.!i:i 7,  3;f2,  07 

2  tliinl-elass  shares,  at +:U3.14 081.28 

4  si)eeiai  apinoiniatioiis 27,"i.  00 

Total ;tl,879.00 

On  St,  Ctpornis  Islaixl ; 

For  ilistribntion,  20,000  prime  seal  skius,  at  40  cents $8,000 

Distributed  as  follows: 

13  first-class  sliares,  at  $400 $.-.,200 

4  second-class  shares,  at  +H8.") 1,  .")I0 

4  third-cliiss  sli.ares,  at  $272 ],0M8 

To  tlie  Cliiircli 172 

Total 8,000 


C^TTAS  BRKAVINO   AND   DRUNKENNESS. 

My  report  upon  this  jioiiit  must  be  less  I'avorable  than  lioretofore. 
During  the  year  1  found  it  necessary,  under  existing  !)ei)artnient 
instru(!tions  to  suppress  drunkennes.s,  to  cut  olf  th(!  sugar  and  otlier 
sweet  articles  from  which  (jiias  is  l»rewc<l.  in  forty  dilferent  cases,  for 
l)eriods  of  from  one  month  to  six  months  each,  in  punishment  of  the 
olfenses  of  (pias  brewing  and  drinking.  This  dei»rivation  affected 
aboui  125  j)ersou8  in  all,  the  families  of  tlu^  ollenders  being  included. 

'  Missing. 


ALASKA    INDUSTFilES. 


147 


T  also  imposed  a  few  moderate,  lines  in  afjfjravated  caaes.  Itaw  (pias 
takes  rank  as  the,  mosr  villainous  eoniponnd  tliat  ever  traversed  tlie 
human  <iuilet,  nnikinjj  Die  drinker  not  only  drunk.  Imt  sick  also,  and 
iinlits  him  tor  work,  even  alter  the  stnpor  has  passed  ofll'. 

Finally,  the  evil  (tontinniiif^  alter  tlie,  connnencement  of  the  sealinj:^ 
season,  and  the  native  (rhiel's  rol'nsiiifjor  failinj;  to  lend  their  assistance 
in  correetinj;'  it,  hut  on  the  contrary  impli(;atin};  themselves  in  it,  I  was 
constrained  to  resort  to  more  lifjorous  measures  by  cuttin}{'otl'  all  sweet 
supplies  from  the  entin;  villa},fe,  without  e.xcejtlion.  This  act  was 
resented  by  a  strike.  On  the,  L'L'd  (»f  .liine  the  native  sealers  at  the  vil- 
lage, throwiiif;-  down  their  seal  clubs,  delivered  to  the  ajicut  of  t'he  les- 
sees, thnmffh  their  toione,  their  ultimatum,  literally  in  these  words: 
"Is'o  sujrar,  no  seals  will  be.''  The,  head  chief  at  the  same  time  dis- 
])atched  a  runner  to  tln^  northeast  point  of  the  island,  IL'  miles  distant, 
to  stoj)  the  iiixuii  of  L'li  sealers  at  work  there.  They  evidently  believed 
that  they  had  the  (lovei  iinient,  as  well  as  the  lessees,  in  their  power. 

The  dilliculty  was  referred  to  me.  1  refused  to  make  any  concessicm; 
and,  as  the  work  could  not  be  jwrmitted  to  stop,  1  authorized  the 
aj^ent,  iij)on  his  applicat  ion,  to  employ  as  sealers  a  unufi  of  some  twenty 
I'nalaska  men  who  hatl  already  been  broU{>ht  to  the  islan<l  as  tempo- 
rary laborers  at  other  work.  The  appearance  of  these  men  on  the  seal 
lields  next  morninj,;'  astonished  the  strikers  and  had  the  etVect  of  weak- 
eninj;'  their  fiery  resolution.  They  n''xt  (!ame  in  a  body  to  consult  me, 
and  ])rotested  a;;ainst  the  emph»yment  of  outsiders  to  do  the  work  of 
whicli  they  claim  a  monojtoly.  I  talked  to  them  fhrou;;h  an  interi)re- 
ter  very  plainly,  showiufj  them  the  folly  and  wronf,dulness  of  tlieir 
course,  warninj^'  them  of  its  <',(»nse<(ueiices  if  persisted  in,  and  explain- 
in{>to  iliem  the  true  meaniii;;' of  the  law  and  lease  under  whi(!h  they 
claim  the  exclusive  rij^iit  lo  do  the  work  of  sealin"'.  1  assured  them 
that  their  strike  would  not  i)uta  sto|»  to  the  work;  that  both  the  (iov- 
ernment  and  the  <(tmpany  would  se«-  that  it  went  on  without  them,  if 
necessary;  tinit  they  couhl  not  claim  a  monopoly  of  tVe  sealinj;'  privi- 
lege and  at  the  same  tiine  refuse  to  do  i,h<^  work;  that  they  would  be 
guarant<'ed  that  privilcf^t^  by  the  (iuvernment  only  so  lonj;'  as  they 
were  numerous  enoufjli  and  willing  t<»  dr)  the  work  when  re([uired;  that 
I  would  not  yii'ld  a  particle  in  the  matter  of  the  sujiiir  prohibition  so 
long' as  they  stood  out  in  their  strikiu};' attitude  or  while  clandestine 
quas  brewiu};'  and  <lrinkiny  continued;  and  tinally.  that  if  they  chi,  ^ 
to  return  to  their  work  and  agreed  to  obey  the  laws  and  the  Secretary's 
orders  their  privileges  w(»uld  be  restored  to  them,  they  would  be  fully 
]»rotected  in  all  their  rights,  and  all  would  be  well. 

These  warnings  and  assurances  speedily  i)roduced  the  desired  effect. 
The  natives  at  tirst  i>revaricaled,  undertaking  to  deny  that  they  had 
refuse<l  to  work;  then  they  made  various  excuses  for  their  obstinate 
conduct,  and  finally  expressed  their  readiness  to  resume  work,  "sugar 
or  no  sugar."  and  fortliwith  started  with  alacrity  for  the  seal  field. 
The  UnalasKa  natives  were  then  withdrawn,  and  the  work  of  taking 
skins  went  forward  rapidly  to  the  end  of  t!ie  season,  without  further 
dilliculty. 

HCIIOOl.S. 


ICnglish  schools  have  been  maintained  by  the  lessees  on  each  island 
during  eight  months  (»f  the  year  three  hours  a  day.  The  enrollment 
of  children  of  school  age  was,  on  St.  I'aul,  40;  on  St.  (ieorge,  L'S; 
total,  (J8.    The  average  atten(lan«;o  was  a  fraction  less  than  GJ.    The 


148' 


A*,A««*    t^tfl-nriUKH. 


pr<)};ress  iiiiide  is  \>itn-A'\>Uhl*-\.  ti^irfii(fh  not  riipid.  As  lu^rctofore,  on 
8t.  Paul  a  Ivussiaii  sdioo)  Jjii^  ii,i.'c.Yi  kept  t>y  a  siihpricst  (iiiidcr  a  coii- 
cessiou  foriiKuly  iiiadi';  iluiiw;^  m^f  of  Mie  saiix!  pcMiod,  about  tlin^o 
hours  a  day,  live  days  a  \v«,<'i\,  ^  il^ivi^c-l'i  holidays  cxccpd'd.  Tlii'se  lioli- 
da'  A  an  /ciy  I'rtMiucnt,  Miiivui^iiiiVi/  to  sorno.  thirty  tlircr  duriiifr  tlio  hist 
Bcliool  term,  anil  iiitvili'jt;  l^t•>|;^/l•||*ll\v  with  thf^  rc^iulaiily  of  tlu'  sctiincd 
attendance.  On  tliis  iK'^/^ij^jA  t  M>*4t>.  fh<'  nih'  that,  without  ciirioacli- 
ing  upon  n-gidar  church  I ioJi<il;^y*  («,•,»  <MfstoTris,  tlic,  i'lii^iiisli  si  lioo!  hours 
shoukl  cither  be  iucrcas^'ij  o*^W|i^TH'r'H/-x  fended  sous  to  inaice  ite(|uiva- 
lent  to  not  less  tiiaii  tvfo  hui^UM  '/i4't(n\\  school  days  of  not  loss  than 
three  hours  each. 

The  fund  of  $.■5.57.02,  Ix'ijjg  i^;ii^-;in^c  (4  the  amount  of  the  tax  on  seal 
oil  still  due  from  tiie  A];i^krX ^ .^fmfH'^ft'hi]  rf»rn|)aiiy  for  oil  manufactured 
by  them  in  1878  and  J87y,  Jjy^  ^^4.  y*f'Ci\  expended  in  the  constructtion 
of  waterworks  for  tiie  <'x>iijwvj,i  ti^^i^t-fit  of  tlie  native  people  of  St.  I'aul 
village,  as  authorized  ')j  iu-m^ft/t^-iit  letter  of  Ai)ril  s,  1880.  for  tlie 
reason  that  tlie  sum  is  of  Jtj«e|I/ -*t1|K'/%  insntlicient  foi'  the  purpose.  The 
J)epartnu'nt's  instruciiou  Uf  wm;  ff*  tilM'  the  fund  for  tliat  object  was,  as 
I  understood  tin;  niatlei.  j^iv^Mii  i^,)fi>ft  the  condition  ami  witii  the  under- 
standing that  tiie  Alasl\a  *'fmffi4-t('\;\\  Conipaiiy  would  supply  tiie 
remainder  of  the  funds  >i*-*-*U-4  tf/f  tUf.  work.  As  this  has  not  btnui 
done,  1  have  considered  it  Uf*'-^fi^f1i<'i\t  to  coinmence  the  work.  Jtis 
estimateil  by  the  (M>mpany..  t  im*(t,-  fhat  it  will  recptire  between  ij(;},(M»0 
and  81,000  to  put  in  tinuuiti^-  wi^ftfT works.  No  improvement  that 
could  be  made  here  wouW  Jm'  ^^  m*  j^tf-dt  convenience  to  the  people  as 
this. 

iH:ttfj^)$  hP  ttif,  rsr.ANDS. 

The  jieople  of  8t.  <ieorgv  fAVjii'ii^Hf  that  the  (piota  of  seal  skins  now 
permitted  to  be  taken  <;n  i1j¥«  UhM  he  inci'cascd  from  l-'0,000to  -"J,000 
in  18S1,'.  They  desire  U)  sw*il)l  ^j^-^f  (^.^irnings  so  tiiat  they  may  be  alile 
to  .support  a  local  priest.  \»)i)iii^ll|i  f}y(>y  have  not  iicretofore  done.  At 
present  the  earnings  of  tlM"  miivf-.  sealers  there  are  less  per  man  by 
about  880  than  are  the  i-'Hi)tmfi.<:  f4  thf-  St.  I'auI  .sealers,  and  the  ibrimu' 
have  the  harder  work  U>  ]M-ii/^m,  t-'fyt  these  reasons,  and  also  because 
I  am  satisfied  that  T2.*M)tt  i^'k^'ftH  ttmy  now  l»e  taken  ujioii  St.  (_!eorge 
without  endangeiing  the  iMVjiMlii'i'iify  of  the  seal  life,  I  recommend  that 
the  aliove  reijuest  be  gj aii;i<i'<<|i  p>f  otie  year,  ainl  that  a  corresponding 
reduction  be  made  in  ihi-  *iit/ft';i  f^  St.  I'hmI  foi'  1882. 

]iy  authority  ot  Depaitjjj^^ii  i^fff-r  (,f.  (',.  II.),  dated  .^farch  .'50,  1880, 
1  have  api»rove<l  von<hej>  ji^  t4<'M  of  the  Alaska Oommeieial  Conii»any 
amounting  to  .*247.'.)r>.  tor  uydU'YmU  rprnished  and  work  done  in  jiaint- 
ing  and  rejiairing  tii<'  V^i^y^-^Mirt^t  buildings  on  tlie.se  islands.  The 
allowance  of  )?2.'"»0  authoj  jm'4  i^f  ^I'l^partment  letter  (II.  G.  J.-II.  B.  J,), 
dated  November  '.>,  188<>,  u  ;^<  jif-i  rtntonched. 

Assistant  Treasuiy  Ag*'.i4*/»/  M.  Vfonlton  and  (leorgeWardman  will 
cinitinue  on  duty  at  St,  j'ywil  MMi  ^t.  (George  islands,  respecttively,  till 
further  orders.  The  last  i)j;^ii,I|MI.-<'|I  officer,  who  had  desired  a  leave  of 
ivbsence  this  .season,  rumah^a  w  (^Wi:^ei|nence  of  the  deiiarture  of  Assist- 
ant Treasury  Agent  W,  JJ,  't'40*t.i  who  has  left  his  station  without 
authority. 

Having  eompliexl  witi;  IjIm"  i»(*>')|('i'i¥Amenta  of  the  Department  by  heav- 
ing an  ofticer  in  chaige  of  itiH^U  i4ft^\<]  during  the  coming  winter,  1  will 
return  to  California  lowi^.'*'  JUi^  ;¥i'|ifthofity  in  my  possessic    . 


ALAHKA    TNDrHTRIKH. 


140 


lffH]H'('triilIy  ciiUiiitr   your   iith'iition    to   tlic,   Kcvciiil   voiiclicis   iiiid 
••xliiliitH  acfoinpiiiiyiiin'  my  report. 

I  icinaiii,  sir,  your  oluMliciit  .servant, 

IIakuison  (i,  Otis, 
TriiiHury  Aijcnt  in  Churye. 
Ilfin.  Wll.LIAM  WlNDOM. 

Sccrctarii  of  the  Trvitsufij,  Wnnlilinjtiniy  />,  <!. 


<if 


H, — Mniihii  CniiimircKil  Cnmpnnji.  >V/»  I'niiichrii,  in  anoiint  villi  the,  I'liited  Slalex  al  the 
Ktal  i»la)iilH/riim  Mmj  ■!!,  i.s.sv/,  tu  •Inly  .?/,  tssl, 

Du. 

'I'o  Hliipincnt  111'  I'lir-Hoal  skins  in  \x>'M  an  ('oIjowh: 
I'roMi  SI,  I'aiil  Inland — 

.liinf  7,  jK'r  Htfanicr  St.  I 'an! 2,  270 

June  ;iO,  iKM-.stoiiincr  Dora 12,  IHI 

, I  Illy  31,  jier  sti'amer  St.  I'aul 6.">,  Mi\ 

H(»,000 

rroiM  St.  dcnrtr'^  Island — 

May  22,  \wt  Mtcinior  St.  Panl \,VA2 

.Inly  2t,  i)er  Btcamor  St.  I'anl IS,  Wi2 

20,000 

Total  in   IK«0  (ccrliliiMl) 100,000 

To  sbiprnr^nl  of  fnr-soal  sliins  in  IHSl  ,im  CoIIowm; 

Kroiii  Ht.  I'anl  Island — 

.liil.N  (),  jicr  steainei'  Dora 1."),  (K)0 

.Inlv  21,  JUT  Ntcannr  SI.  I'anl (i,  2tK) 

July  22,  |H  r  si. ■inner  St.  I'anl 12,  lOS 

.Inly  2:i,  iicr  stcanii-r  SI.  I'anl 7,  0(H) 

.Inly  2H,  jicr  stdanuT  St.  I'anl Ix,  l.'il 

.Inly  2!I,  jicr  ateaincr  SI.  I'anl , l,i»3H 

7'J,  !»(M> 

From  St.  (ioorKo  Island — 

.Inly  25,  [icr  stcaiiior  St.  I'anl :{,  820 

.Inly  27,  )ii!r  steamer  St.  I'anl 10,  IMO 

20, 000 

Total  in  ISHl  (ecrtilied) <JC  960 

Shipped  short  of  the  lawful  (|iH)ta 40 

100,000 
Cii. 

.(lino  1,  18S0,  by  lawful  nnmbor  of  fnr-senl  skins  allownd  to  bfl  taken  vi/: 

On  Ht.  I'anl  Island,  (piota  of  18S0 HO,  000 

On  Ht.  (;eorge,  Island,  (piota  of  ls»0 20,000 

100,000 

.(line  I,  IKSl,  l)v  lawful  nmnlier  of  fur-seal  skins  allowed  to  lie  taken,  vi/: 

On  St.  I'anl  Island,  iiiiot.i  of  \XX\ 80,000 

On  Ht.  (ieorge  Island,  iiuota  of  1«81 20,000 

100,000 
( lorroet, 

IIakkison  O.  Oti.';, 
Treasury  .Igeiit  in  Charge. 


150 


ALASKA    INDIJSTUIES. 


Isi..\Ni>  uf'  St.  I'aii,,  ,/»I.i/ /;,  /As'/. 

'I'IiIh  in  (r)  ccrtiry  tlint  I'l.flOO  fiir-Hciil  Mkiiis  liavn  tins  iluy  liorii  .sliiiipod  on  Itoiinl 
till' Aliinka  Ciiiiiiiiclriiil  (!((iii|iiiii.v's  NlciiiiK-r  /'orn.,!  Iii;;iii'  iiiiiHtcr,  di-Htiiiod  lor  San 
rranciHco,  Imiii;;  jiarl  ol'  Maid  foiiijiiuiv'M  law  I'lil  ((iiota  of  IMHI. 

U.  (i,  OTIS,  TnuHiirii  Aijinl  in  (hanje. 


D. 

Island  nr  St.  Vavi.,  Jul i/  CI,  tssi. 
Tliin  Ih  to  ccrtity  tlint  0,200  I'lir-soal  skiim  lunc  llii.s  day  liocu  sliijipod  on  lioard  tin- 
Ala.HJia  CoMirncirial  ('Mni|iany'n  Mti'iunrr  SI.  /'mil,  l^r.slvinc  UHistcr,  dfHtini'd  I'or  San 
J''i'uuci»co,  being  ]>ait  of  tLc  (|nolu  of  \H><\. 

II.  (i.  Otis,  Trcaxury  .liiiiit  in  Clianjc. 


E. 

lsi.AN-i>  OK  St.  Paul,  July  ,?.?,  }SS1. 

Tliin  i«  lo  certify  tliat  1L!,I0S  fnr-Hf'al  sl<in.s  liavc  this  diiy  been  Hlii|i|iiMl  on  lioard 
tliti  A);i.h1<i\  Coniiiii'irial  ('oni]>any's  .stranicr  SI,  I'aiil,  KrNkilit!  nniHtcr,  <lt'Htiuetl  for 
San  I'runiiwro,  bcinj;  jiart  of  iLe  (jiiota  of  IWI. 

H.  (J.  OT1.S,  Treaaiiry  Agent  in  Charge. 


V. 

Tsi.ANn  Ol-  St.  I'Ai'L,  Jiilji  fj.l,  JSSl. 
ThiH  is  to  cortify  tliat  7,000  fur-seal  skinR  liave  this  day  hocn  shipjiod  on  hoard  the 
Alaska  Conniirrcial  Conipany's  steamer  St,  I'uul,  I'.rskinc  nnistcr,  dcMliucd  lor  San 
Fraiiciaco,  being  part  of  the  <|Uota  of  IWl. 

II.  (i.  OTi.s,  Treasury  Jgenl  in  Charge. 


O. 

Isi.AN-li  OK  St.   I'At'I.,  July  :?S,  JSSl. 
'I'liis  is  to  fortify  that  10.200  fnr-seal  skins  have  tliis  day  boon  shipjjod  on  board 
tho  .Maskii  Coniinerc^ial  ('oinjiany's  steamer  si,  I'uul,  Krskino  inaBtor,  destined  for 
San  rrancisco,  l)eing  ])!irt  of  the  i|iiota  of  ISSI. 

J.   II.  yUtii.iits,  Janinlaut  Treasury  Agent. 


n. 

Isr.ANi)  OK  St.  Paui.,  July  20,  IftSl. 
This  is  to  certify  that  lH,l."il   fnr-seal  skins  have  this  day  been  shipped  on  board 
the  Alaska  ( 'oninnreial  Company's  steamer  SI,  Paul,  Erskine  master,  destined   for 
Sun  Franciseo,  being  p.irt  of  the  quota  of  liSSl. 

II.  G.  Otis,  Treasury  Agent  in  Charge. 


IsLAN-n  OK  St.  Pai'i..  July  ,10,  1S81. 

This  is  to  rertify  that  1,0.'?8  fnr-seal  skins  have  this  day  been  shipped  on  board  tho 
Alaska  Comniereial  Co"ipany'H  steamer  St,  I'uul,  lOrskine  master,  destined  for  San 
Eruucisco,  being  remainder  of  tho  qnota  of  1X81 ,  less  10  skins. 

J.  11.  MoVLiON,  Amstant  Treasury  Agent. 


( 


ALASKA    INDl'STIUKS. 


151 


K. 

Isi.ANK  111'  Sr.  (Ji:nKi;i:,  .Inhi  .'.:,  /,s',s7. 

TliiH  is  to  ciTtir.v  that  IS, Slid  fni-scnl  f-kiiin  liuvr  lliin  diiy  1 n  sliipin'il  on  tpoiiid  tho 

AIiihUh  ('((iiimricLil  ('oiii|iiiii.v'-<  Hli-iiinor  si,  I', ml,  KrHkino  iimsttT,  ilcstinml   (or  Sun 
FrauciMco,  boiuK  imi't  ol'tho  tiuolu  ol'  ISSI. 

(ii;i).   Waiui.man,  .luninliiiil  Irttiniiry  Aijeiil. 


L. 

isLANii  OK  St.  (ir.uiicK,  .fiii/i :;?,  W,f/, 

This  is  to  cortiCy  Mint  Ifi.lSO  fiir-Hniil  skiiiw  li.tvo  tlii«  day  Imxhi  Hliipiiud  on  lioiird  the 
AlasKa  Coniniurciiil  ( Oiiiiinny's  .•.ttiiinicr  si,  /'kk/,  Krskiiio  luaHter,  dcNtiiiod  lor  San 
Friiucisco,  coiiiiilctiug  tho  iiiiota  of  ls«l. 

(iKo.  Wakd.man,  .iHKialaiil  Treamiri/  Aijeitl. 


Tahle  Hlioiriiui  rivciplx  mid  invoices  (\f  fiir-aml  uLiiix  from  the  inliiiiilx  ol'  SI,  I'uiil  nnd  SI, 
ileoryi;  .lUmka,  aciurdhiii  la  fuxtuiiix  iniimlovs'  n hinm. 


Anioiiiit     ATiinuiit 

iifiiivipuf  (Iclivcnil      lieiiiurka. 


74  over. 


I'uvmfiiiHiiH  p<>nHHJHtant 

trraHiiriTs  nM-ript-i. 


UH). 

(SkiUH). 

3:11! 

4'J,  :i:i2 

;!1H 

2H 

H77 

8,877 

tu;; 

2,880 

7JI1 

;i4,  7,50 

108 

11,108 

^118 

57.  :i»() 

111* 

5,  (1112 

250 

2.M) 

(I4'2 

4'i,  ()80 

8."i8 

,''>4.  (..•>(! 

85(1 

;i,  8,f|() 

■SM 

M.  228 

Il4li 

:)!l,!i5t 

538 

05,  548 

:i2'J 

24,410 

r)2li 

75,  ,'•.20 

(KM) 

7'.),  Will 

()2(i 

14.1182 

042 

5,  !i:i8 

(IIKI 

H.'i.  1«HI 

(KM) 

14.1102 

58(i 

15.0(12 

4U 

84.  4:14 

wm 

15,1114 

tiik) 

84,  752 

Diito. 


Ainuunt. 


<t<:t.    17,1872     »252, 181,  12 


122  over. 
8  sliort.. 


Auk.  20, 

do  . 

Si'pt.lO, 
Ni.v.    8, 

IllllOll, 

44(ivi.i- ,  Sept.  18, 

■'  /2.Hliiirt 

Ohliiirt jjiilv    5. 

Sept.  II, 

ll2Hli()it Oi'l.    Ill), 


11)  liver. 
MdVcir. 


AiiK.ai, 
,l>lll.     4. 

Sept.  111. 
Sept.  11, 
Sept.  27. 


4U  Hhort 
fiOciver. 

4  sliort Dee.     4 

A11K.22. 

:i8.<liiirt Dee.     1. 

Ifliiver Aiit;.    2. 

21) over '  Auk.  20. 

Mover July  28. 

20a  rtliort Vu),'.  23, 


1873  j 

I 

1873  1 
1873 

1874  I 
1874   > 

S 

1875 

1875 

1875 

187(i 

1877 

1877 

1878 

1878  1 

1878  1 

187!) 

187!) 

188U 

188U 

1881 

1881 


97,812,75 

10,  253,  25 

1.10,  048,  75 

13,  3(10.  M 

072.  (10 

201,  822.  75 

10,  III0.25 
H7,  5!)«.  50 
lU4.87i).  25 
172,  003.. ")0 

04.  002.  00 
1!I8.  255.  75 
2(IU.  895.  00 

;i)i,  065.  25 

15.587.25 
223,125.00 

39.  275.  25 

40.  055.  25 
221,«:tft,  25 

31),  41 1.75 
222,  474. 00 


UECAl'ITt'LATION. 

Niiiulierot'  .sklnit  in  vol 1 1164,1)31 

Niiiiilier  o!'  rtkius  |iiii(l  1111  iiH  per  lii.^peitoi'H'  rein  ills 1)04,983 


Net  iiuiulierul'  akius  iu  cxuesa  ol  iuvokett  uu  wlilcli  tux  wua  jiaid. 


52 


152 


ALASKA    TNDirSTRIKS. 


Spr<iii!  Ai/iiit  <His;  i>rvli)iiiiiiirji  rijHirt/or  isS'J, 

Sani'A    Haimiaka,  Cai..,  Aiiril  /,  ls.s;>. 

Sii!:  I  linvr  Ilic  lioiior  to  prcsiMit  (or  voui' coiisidt  riitioii  iiiid  iictittii 
flic  Ibllowiiiy  inaMcrs  )i»'rtiiiiiiii;;  to  flic  sciil  isl;iii»ls  of  Alaska.  »'lc.: 

I.  Otter  Islniid. — This  island,  lyiii^i'  alioiil  <i  miles  olV  flic  suiitliwcst 
end  of  Ht.  Paul  Isiiind,  and  not  einbiaeed  witliin  llic  terms  ol'  the 
Alaska  ('ommcvcial  Company's  lease,  is  the  resort,  annually.  Irom  .iiine 
to  Noveiiilici .  nf  some  thuiisands  of  (nonlircedinj;)  fur  seals,  which  haul 
ii|)  from  the  sea  to  rest  and  jilay  iijioii  its  rocUy  shores.  They  appear 
to  lie  simpl,\  the  overplus  from  the  larger  island,  and  arc  nniinly  males, 
liolh  yonn;;-  and  old.  It  is  believed  that  from  ."i,(M)(»  fo  1(),(»(»0  market- 
able skins  nii},'ht  be  lak»'ii  there  annually,  if  there  were  any  authority 
for  (Iniiifj  so.  and  the  tendency  is  for  the  seals  to  steadily  increase  in 
numbers  there. 

If  was  formerly  the  ])iiieticc  of  certain  subordinates  of  the  Alaska 
Comniercial  Conipaiiy  to  jio  to  Ottei'  Islaid  in  boats  and  drive  f  Ik^  seals 
found  t'.icre  into  the  .sea,  the  object  bein;i  to  discourage  their  comiiiff  to 
that  island  and  force  them  to  con«'entrate  upon  St.  I'aul  island,  w  hero 
the  f^reafer  part  of  the  fur  seal  skins  are  taken.  This  ])raetice  I  have 
disapproved  and  forbidden,  takin<;'  the  ;;roun<l  that  the  lessees  liav«f  no 
authority  under  (heir  lease  to  interfere  with  Otter  Island  oi'  to  harass 
the  seal.s  found  then  on  or  thereabouts,  and  that  the  si)irit  of  the  law 
enacted  for  the  protection  of  the  .seal  life  was  violated  wlienev«'r  it  was 


f 


dont 


(See  sections   I   and  2,  act  approved  -luly  1.   ISTd.)     I'.esides, 


such  harassment  is  wholly  unnecessary,  as  the  number  of  killable  seals 
foiiii(i  upon  St.  Taiil  and  St.  (leorjje  islands  in  the  season  is  so  vast 
that  tiie  entire  annual  ipu)ta  allowed  to  be  taken  can  bo  secui'cd  in 
less  than  thirty-live  working  days,  leaving  a  countless  number  still 
upon  the  shores  untouched. 

The  device,  even  if  it  were  lofiitinnite,  of  driviiif;  the  seals  from  Otter 
Island  for  tlic  pretended  purpo.se  of  taking;'  away  the  attraction  for 
iiiarandcrs  fo  make  descents  niton  the  island,  is  a  futile  one,  because 
the  seals  iicrsistcntly  return  after  a  h^w  hours  and  can  not  be  kept 
away  except  by  a  degree  of  harassment  which  is  warranted  by  neither 
law  nor  good  policy. 

By  existing  orders  of  the  Department,  Otter  Island  is  placed  under 
the  imiiiediati^  care  and  protVction  of  the  Treasury  agents  stationed  at 
St.  Taul  Island,  who  are  re(|iiired  to  visit  it  occasionally  during  the 
sea.son  when  the  seals  resort  to  it.  in  order  to  keep  olV  marauders,  et(5. 
In  my  judgment  this  inacticc  should  be  continued,  and  flu^  seal  life  of 
Otter  Island  be  i>rotc(^ted  against  destruction  and  harassment  from 
whatever  source  they  may  conic,  until  such  time  as  the  SecMctary  of  the 
Tieasnry  shall  be  aiithori/ed  by  law  to  lease  the  island  or  take  other 
mea.^nres  to  niiike  it  a  source  of  revenue  to  the  (lovernmeiit. 

1  submit  the  whole  subject  to  you,  asking  specific  directions  tbi-  the 
future,  which  shall  be  binding  alike  upon  the  Treasury  agents,  the 
lessees,  and  all  concerned. 

11.  I'rotrctian  o/tlic  sml  islamls. — In  this  connection  I  have  the  honor 
to  renew  my  recommendation  that  Congress  be  asked  for  an  appropria 
tiou  fo  build  a  suitalile  vessel  to  be  used  for  the  protection  of  Otter 
Island  and  the  seal  tisheries  against  lawless  intruilers.     At  present  the 
revenue  steamer  v  Inch  cruises  in  Alaskan  waters  is  able  to  make  no 


I 


ALASKA    INDl'STKIKS. 


158 


( 


mnro  tliiiii  two  nv  tlircc  lnict'  rails  at  tli»^  islainls  diiiiii^j  (lie  entire  sea- 
Hon,  ('itvciiii;;'  a  pciiod  ot  not  less  tlian  live  iiiunilis.  liiirin;;  wliicli  tlut 
scMisitivo  s(Mil  nioki'i  ics  are  practically  al  (In-  mercy  "I  inaraudinj;  ves- 
nelH,  HO  far  lis  any  nieaiiN  i'nv  lepcllinji  tliein  on  water  are  concerned,  for 
tlie  (iovernineni  dUicers  at  llie  islands  have  no  siicli  means  lit  com- 
mand, not  ^>\■^^\\  a  \s  iialelxtat. 

I  tidnk  the  jMiliey  of  I'm  iiisliiii^'  a  small  ami  inexjiensive,  thoiij^h  swiCt 
and  etVeclive.  steam  vessel  Inr  this  ]Mir|iose  wniild  Im^  in  the  inte,estot' 
tnn'  economy,  lor  it  wonld  secine  the  complete  protection  of  these 
p'lri'Iess  resorts  of  the  fnr  seal,  and  at  the  same  tiiin'  ndiove  tlie  revenno 
Hteaiiu'rs  jMitircly  I'rom  the  necessity  of  criiisiny  in  the  immediate  waters. 

III.  riKiiillioi  i:i  <l  Lilliiii)  oj'  fur  SI  Ills  "ill  iiilJKiiiit  initns." — Ii'espect- 
I'nlly  reteriinfi'  to  my  letter  lo  the  Department  dated  Novend)er  .'{,  ISSl, 
I  a;;ain  call  attention  lo  th*M>vil  ol' tlie  nnlawtMl  killing' of  fur  seals  in 
waters  adjacent  to  the  Alenl  ian  Islands,  and  it'coniniend  that  explicit 
instrneti(»ns  he  issued  to  the  comii  andiny  otiicers  ot  all  revenue  entters 
widcli  nniy  hereal'ler  cruise  in  iViaskan  waters  directin;;'  them  to  break 
nj)  the  jnactice,  which  is  not  only  unauthorized  by  law  hut  is  in  direct 
violation  of  Treasury  re','idat  ions,  and  particularly  of  the  DejiartnuMil's 
ruling  contained  in  the  letter  to  l>.  A.  d'Ancona,  <lated  .March  12,  Issi. 

1  lidnk  it  would  also  be  well  for  the  revenue  otiicers  to  keeji a  sharper 
1(M»1  K.it  upim  the  sea  otte.'  y:ronnds,  to  the  end  that  the  hunting  of 
those  rare  fur  bearin;:'  aidmals  shall  no  Ioiimoi'  be  (tarried  on  indeliaiiee 
of  law,  as  I  suspect  it  has  been  in  sonu' cases, 

IV.  I'lir  kiUniij  of  sntls  I'lif  I'oiiil. — The  matter  of  the  killing  by  mitivea 
of  St.  Paul  and  St.  (leorfie  islamls,  of  youn;^  seals  (viz,  4  month  old 
pups)  tor  food  has  heretofore  formed  the  subject  of  correspondence  with 
the  l)ei)artment.  The  latest  rnlin;;s()n  the  subject  are  those  contained 
in  the  Department's  telef^ram  to  Assistant  Ajjent  Moulton,  dated  Sej) 
tendier  .'i,  lS81,aud  in  tln^  lettertonu'.  dated  Novemberlil,  ISSl.  These 
rulings  authoriz*'  the  Treasury  ayents,  in  their  discretion,  to  materially 
reduce  tlie  niind)er  of  such  seals  heretofore  killed  for  food  ])i()vided  the 
Alaska  (Jonunercial  Oomi)any  shall  nnd<e  good  its  offer  tosui)ply  to  the 
natives,  in  lieu  of  seal  meat,  a  (juantity  of  corned  beef  and  condensed 
ndlk,  free  of  (dnirge. 

Anticipating  this  action  by  the  Department,  ami  being  aware  of  the 
company's  offer.  1  had,  previous  to  the  date  of  the  telegram  ■■cferred 
to,  instructed  my  assistants  to  reduce  the  number  of  puji  peais  to  be 
killed  for  the  last  winter's  supplv  of  tbo<l  to  ;3,(K)(l  on  St.  Pan!  and  to 
1,(100  on  St.  (leorge  Island. 

The  new  supplies  which  the  company  oll'ered  to  farniah  went  forward 
to  the  islands  in  Se)»tember  last,  and  doi;btless  i)roved  an  acce])table 
substitute  for  pup  seal  meat.  An  abundance  of  the  meat  of  larger  seals 
(the  skins  of  which  are  merchantable)  is  always  put  up  iu  the  fall,  so 
that  there  is  no  dangei'  whatever  of  the  natives  sulVering  for  nu-at  food. 

If  it  shall  be  found  that  the  result  of  this  experinn-nt  has  proved 
successful,  then  I  shall  reconuiuMid  that  the  killing  of  \m\\  seals  be 
entirely  discontinued  in  the  future.  It  is  a  needless  sacrilice  of  the 
seal  life,  which,  though  done  under  the  color  of  law.  ought  not  to  be 
])ersisted  in.  If,  however,  the  i)ractice  be  continued  to  any  extent,  the 
course  indicated  iu  De])artment  letters  of  .Inly  11  aud.Iuly  18,  1881, 
should  be  strictly  followed,  and  all  such  skins  be  taken  possession  of 
by  the  Treasury  agents  as  the  |)roperty  of  the  t.'nited  States.  I  ask 
(]ualified  instructions  in  advance  to  carry  into  eti'ect  my  proposed 
rccomiueudutiou. 


n 


154 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


V.  Piihliratiou  of  Imcs  and  Treasury  rcijulationis. — I  rosijectfully  call 
your  attention  to  my  letter  to  ilie  Department  (lated  July  4,  JSSl,  and 
to  the  ac(',onii)aiiying  compilation  of  the  various  scatteroil  laws,  Hxeisu- 
tivo  orders,  and  Treasury  rejtnlations  alVectinj,^  the  seal  islamls.  and 
renew  my  reconinieiulation  tl'  ittliesame  beininteil  under  the  direction 
of  the  Secretary,  at  the  Government  Printing  Olllce,  and  a  limited 
nui  d)er  of  copies  be  furnished  for  use  in  Alaska. 

As  the  annual  sailing  day  of  the  seal  island  steanu-r  isnowonly  some 
th'i'ty  days  off,  1  have  to  retjuest  your  eaiiy  attention  to  the  matters 
piesented  in  this  letter. 

1  am,  sir,  very  respectfully ,  your  obedient  servant, 

Uakki-oN  (i.  Otis, 
Trvasurij  ^uivnt,  in  Vliaryc  of  the  iSenl  Inlands. 

Hon.  ClIAKLKS   .1.  FOL(iEIl, 

tSe^retury  of  the  Trriimry. 


Special  A'jent  (Hidden  ;  preliminary  report  for  ift.c^ 

Ofi'k;e  of  Special  Agent  Tueasi-kv  Department, 

<S7.  Paul  Island,  May  .Jo,  ]SS:.\ 

Sir:  In  accordance  with  your  letter  of  instructions  of  Ajjril  1 7,  I  left 
Sa.  l''rancisco  on  the  steamer  »N7.  i'(..''on  t';e  4lh  instant  and  came, 
via  Kodiak,  CnalaslLa,  and  St.  (ieorge  l.vl.ind  to  this  place,  arriving 
heiooii  the  afternoon  of  the  ItiSth,  The  steamer  oidy  anc'.oreil  at  Si. 
(Icorge  long  enough  to  la*  1  Assistant  .\gent  Louis  Kiinmcl  a'.ul  take  on 
board  Assistant  Agent  W'ardnian.  Mr.  VVardman  came  !iere  with  me 
for  the  puipo.se  of  consultation  with  Mr.  Moulloii,  assistant  agent  at 
this  place.  I  have  ad\  ised  with  them  very  freely  in  rehujioii  l<i  the 
conditions  iviid  re(|uirements  of  th<'  islands. 

Agreeal)ly  to  your  permission.  I  have  directed  that  the  qiiota  of  seals 
to  be  taken  for  their  .skius  be  apportioned  at  78,UU(>  on  >jt.  Paul  and 
lil',(KK>  <>'.  St.  (reorgc. 

[  am  iiitorined  that  there  has  been  out  lit'lc  ipias  brewed  ujmn  the 
islands  since  the  ist  of  .lanuary,  but  that  longh  has  been  u.s(m'  to 
cause  occasional  instances  of  drunkv'iiness,  I  ii  conse<nicnce  of  tliis  tin* 
sale  of  sugar  has  been  entirely  stoitjjcd.  an(.  all  open  apiv^arance  of 
(|uas  drinking  has  disappeared.  I  havi'  recommended  to  the  Alaska 
Commercial  Company  t(»  procure  and  keep  on  sale  a  sntlicient  .sui)ply  of 
condensed  milk  to  take  the  place  of  sugar,  ami  (hey  will  comply  with  my 
iecommendati<ni.  It  is  hoped  tliat  the  removal  of  sugar  from  the  reach 
of  the  natives  will  cll'ectually  put  a  stop  to  the  brewing  of  <iuus  and 
to  the  intoxication  conseiiuent  upon  its  use. 

There  have  been  no  pup  .seals  killed  for  food  upon  St.  Paul  Island 
during  the  past  year.  In  lieu  of  this  .seal  meat  the  Alaska  Commefcial 
Company  has  furnished,  free  of  charge,  corned  beef,  condensed  milk, 
and  other  articles  of  food.  The  onb-r  in  relation  to  killing  pup  seals 
for  f(»od  did  not  reach  the  agciit  in  charge  at  St.  (ieorge  last  tall  until 
after  the  coriii»lemeiit  of  pup  seals  for  that  i»urp(tse  had  been  killed. 
T!ie  eomi»any's  Hteaiiier,  horn,  owing  to  rough  weather,  was  unable  to 
land  the  supplies  destined  to  take  the  5>i:i''c  of  jiup  .seal  meat  on  that 
isluud.    Tliorc  wens,  therel'oxe,  l,OiJi  pup  seals  killed  ou  that  island  for 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


155 


native  food  to  be  used  diiriiifj  tlie  jtast  winter.    Tlie  sui)])lies  to  be  sub- 
(stitutod  Jbr  tliis  seal  iood  will  be  fmiiisiicd  to  both  islands  for  the  com 
in;,'  year  and  iiu  piip  Heals  will  be  allowed  to  be  killed. 

1  leconiinend  that  an  order  be  issued  by  you  autliori/inji  lard  to  bo 
issued  by  the  Alaska  (Joinniercial  (Jonipaiiy  as  one  of  the  articles  of 
substituted  food  in  tlo^  j)lace  of  condensed  milk.  The  milk  will  be  sub- 
stituted on  salt!  in  |)Iaie  of  sufjar,  and  obtainable  l)y  tlie  natives  in  that 
way.     The  fat  of  the  lard  Heeins  to  be  desirable. 

Tlie  skins  of  the  pu|i  seals  killed  for  food  have  heretofore  been  used 
by  tiie  natives  in  the  manufacture  of  blankets,  rujis,  and  other  articles 
for  sale,  and  the  pntceejls  have  been  considered  a  sort  of  peniuisite  of 
the  natives.  Tliey  have  sold  these  articles  to  whalers  and  others,  and 
it  is  sai(',  that  tiicse  same  articles  alforded'the  natives  an  opitortunily 
oi  trj'.dm;,'  tor  illicit  siipplie.H.  Tlie  advertisement  and  sahsof  even  pup 
seal  skins  by  the  (iovernu'critor  its  ajjeiits  in  San  Franci.sco or  elsewhere 
iniyht  and  would  probj'.hly  afl'ect  to  some  extent  the  seal  market  in 
London,  where  all  the  skins  are  sold  at  auction,  and  possildy  be  a  seri- 
ous injury  to  the  lesst  es  (»f  the  fur  seal  islands.  It  thei  elbre  becomes  a 
serious  (jU;!stioM  as  to  what  oii^jht  to  be  done  with  these  ]»ui>  se:d  skins. 

There  are  no\.'  in  store  on  St.  (ieoifje  Island  the  1,0'J.S  skins  taken 
thert'  last  fi^ll.  Tlicy  were  salted  and  projterly  cared  tor  l>y  the  a<fent 
in  ehar;j;e.  'I'u'-y  are  not  of  i.',riidt  vidue.  bein^  worth  in  San  Francisco 
but  little  uiorb  than  the  cost  of  salting,  bundliu{>-,  transportation,  and 
selliufj. 

H"  they  are  sold  by  the  Alaska  Coinmercial  Company,  or  if  they  are, 
as  heretotbre,  used  by  the  natives  in  coustructinji:  articles  for  sale,  aiul 
l\\L\  afti(d'js  sohl  by  the  Alaska  Comnnucial  Conqiany  for  the  bcneiit  of 
the  natives, or  whatever  disposition  b»^  made  of  them,  the  Alaska  (Join- 
mcrcial  ( 'oinpany  tlesire  that  their  rifjhts  be  protected,  and  that  no  use 
be  made  of  these  skins  which  will  affect  the  {,'eMeral  maiket  or  come  in 
competition  with  them.  If  no  more  are  killed  tlui  solution  is  easy,  but 
if,  after  trial,  the  seal  meat  shall  ajjain  be  thoujjht  necessary  for  the 
health  of  ♦he  iiatives,atid  the  killingof  pup  seals  be  continued,  the(|iies- 
tion  of  the  disposal  of  the  skins  becomes  important.  1  desire  instruc- 
tions as  to  the  disposition  of  the  skins  on  hand,  and  for  the  future 
disposition  of  any  that  may  be  ivcumulated. 

The  agent  in  charge*  f  St.  (Jeorge  Island  reports  to  me  that  evidences 
of  a  jiartia!  raid  by  a  niaranding  ve.s.sel  uixm  th«^  sealing  grounds  of 
that  island  were  discovered,  and  the  vessel  seen  off  the  grounds  on  the 
Itli  cf  October  last.  The  success  of  the  etlort  and  the  number  of  seals 
taken  were  not  ascertained,  but  the  conclusion  was  that  nothing  of  any 
serifuis  moment  wivS  accom|)lished.  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  a  (ioveru- 
ment  (Hitter  siiould  keep  pretty  close  guard  of  both  islands  from  the 
close  of  the  killing  season,  September  .iO  or  August  i't,  to  the  last  of 
October.  It  is  duri'ig  this  time  that  marauders  will  be  trou^ylesome, 
if  at  all.  If  it  we-c  gei<erally  understood  that  a  (iovernment  vessel 
was  on  tie  lookout,  \\n  u;<li>wful  attempt  to  <'a]>ture  seals  would  be 
likely  to  occur.  Captain  Iledey,  of  the  Convin.uu  his  return  from  St. 
Lawrence  Hay  with  the  h'oilfiern  crew,  detailed  Litutenant  Lut/  and 
two  men  t;;  !;:inain  ujion  Otter  island  and  protect  that  island  from 
jiarties  who  may  attemjit  to  kill  seals  there. 

There  have  been  li-I  deaths  on  St.  Paul  Island  since  January  1.  1H8L', 
1!>  of  which  have  ociairred  sin(;e  the  lOth  of  the  juesent  month.  An 
epidi'mic  of  pneumonia  has  attacked  the  natives  here  and  elsewhere 
with  fatal  violem;e.    St.  George  Island  has  beeu  very  healthy,  only  I 


156 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


(loath  liiiviiifj  ocrnrrMl  tluTc  h.iicc  Jniu'  1,  I8S1.  Otlior  looalitios  ont- 
Hide  iif  my  jurindictidn  liiivc  sulVcn'd  Ironi  this  epidemic  even  worse 
tlian  liere.  Af  Kudial*  fliere  bad  l)ee;i,  wlieii  I  was  tlit.e,  <i.S  deatiis, 
and  at  CrialaKka  IH  dr-atlis  sinee  tlie  I7tli  of  A]»iil.  Many  of  tlie 
stron^rest  men  and  bent  iMinteis  have  died.  Tlie  jdiysicians  at  tiie,  last- 
named  piares  Hay  titat  tlie  driiddii};  of  qiias  lias  liad  mtieli  to  clo  witii 
the  fatality  of  the  disease.  On  this  ishind  tiie  disease  lias  nearly 
abated.  None  of  the  whites  liave  to  any  extent  been  aflected  and  the 
{;;en»,!ral  health  of  that  class  is  exi-ellent. 

In  cotisefpience  of  the  sickness  and  death  of  so  many  natives  liere 
and  tlie  fear  that  there  iiii^fht  be  a  scarcity  of  laborers  d'luinti  the  kill- 
ing; season,  I  have  permiH<'d  the  ajjcnt  of  the  Alaskn  Cominercial 
Company  to  brinj;  a  limited  number  of  men  iVom  I'lialaska  to  iterform 
such  laiior  as  the  natives  lier«>  sliall  not  be  able  to  accoiniilish. 

There  is  no  letter  book  or  <opyinjj  press  in  this  otlice,  and  no  copy  of 
oflicial  couJiniinieationH  haw  beeii  ke|)t  to  which  1  can  refer.     I  recom- 
mend that  the  iiect'ssary  articles  for  that  purpose  be  jirovided,  and  that 
copies  of  all  ollicial  correspondence  be  jtreserved. 
Ilespeetliilly,  yours, 

Uenuy  a.  (W.iddkn, 

Af/viit  in  ('hiuyr. 

ll«»n.  ClIAIJI-KH  J,   l''oi,OF,1l, 

SiamUtry  tif  Ihv  Trrdsurii. 


flpfnial  Ayent  (IHildin :  inrlnninij  Hhipping  receiptx,  quota  of  IS'SS. 

OVPUK  f»K   Hl'KriAt,    A(n;NT   TUKASUUY    I  )KI'AUTMKNT, 

St.  I'dul  IsIiiikI,  .lulu  li,  I.9SQ, 

Sill:  Incloseil   I   hand  yon  eertiticate  of  shipment  of  ir»,((LM)  fur  s<'al 
skins  made  this  i|a.\  by  tiie  Alaska  Commercial  Cotniiany,  per  steamer 
Dunt,  for  San  I'raiicisco,  (Jal. 
Kesjtectfully,  jours, 

IlKNllV  A.  (Jmpdkn, 

ISpiciitI  iiiitxuty  Aijent. 
Hon.  ClIAIlMW  ,1.   I''((I,(1KU, 

Hirrvlmy  of  the  Trctinurji, 

Isr.AN'K  OK  St.  r,vri,,  .fid;/  '.',  tss."!. 

TIiIh  Ih  to  <>i-rtif,v  tliiit  15,020  fur-Hen)  Hkins  \\sl\l^  MiiN  iliiv  Ixtii  Hlii|>|i<Ml  on  l)oiiril 
tliH  AlaHkii  ( 'oiiiMKtrchil  ('oMi|)iiiiy'H  HttiiiiK^i'  liura,  ('a|itaiii  Unfile,  iiiaster,  for  Sun 
I'lmu'JMCo,  Ciil. 

IIf.niiv  a.  (il.inid'.N,  TriHHiirii  Aijtnt. 

Ol'FKT,   «>!'   SPKCIAI-    A(iKNr.  TUKASrUV    DKI'AirrMKNT, 

St.  Paul   hhiiitl,  Alashit,  Jidi/  ^>.s,  1S.s.'>. 

Di'-AiiSni:  Inclosed  please  find  eertilicates  of  shipment  of  fur  seal 
skins  as  follown;  St.  (leorue   Island,  L'(MK)U;  St.  Paul  Island.  «i4,i»8(l; 
per  steamer  Ihtni,  .Inly  H,  15,020. 
Uespectfully,  y<uirH, 

IlKNUV   A.   CiLIDliKN, 

Sptiial  Af/rnt. 
Hon.  C.  ,1.  I''(»i<(»i;il,  Sefsriiifrif, 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


157 


Island  uk  St.  rAfi,,  ./m/.i/  ^s',  JSS3. 

This  is  to  certify  tliiit  tU,!t80  Cnr-Ro.al  skins  liuvo  tlii»  dny  lieoii  uliipiied  on  board 
tho  Alaska  (.'onunricial  Comiiaii.v's  ,stt)an.(;r,  .S'(.  I'aiil,  wlifn'olCaid.  M.  ('.  Krskiiii'  is 
luuatur,  to  bu  delivuied  to  said  <'oiui)auy  iu  Sau  Kraiicisi'i),  (al. 

JiKNitY  A.  (ii,ii)i>i;\,  Treasurji  .Igciit. 

Island  ok  ,St.  Paul.  Juhi  ::S,  ISSS. 
'I'liis  is  to  fortify  tliat  100,000  fnr-spal  skins  have  tliis  day  beoii  shipped  on  buard 
tlm  Alaska  Coniiiiercial  Company's  steamer,  SI.   I'aiil,  t'apt.  M.  C.  Krskiue,  UDUittT, 
to  lie  delivered  iu  Sun  Francisco,  C'al. 

IlENitv   A.  CiLiDDKN,  inaxurij  Aijent. 


Special  Afient  OUdden;  annual  r<iwr1  for  ]S8!2. 

Ofi'iok  (jp  Spkcial  Agent  TuEAsinv  Department, 

iSt.  Paul  Island,  July  L'l,  1882. 

HiB:  I  have  tlio  honor  to  submit  the  folh)wiu},'  report  of  tlie  sealing 
l)nsiiiess  at  the  .seal  islands  of  Ala.ska  for  the  year  ended.Iuly  20, 1881,': 

The  cat«'h  of  fur  .seals,  as  will  ai»i»ear  by  the  reimrts  tabulated  and 
herewith  suiunittcd,  has  lieen  very  suecessful.  Tiie  skins  takeii  on  this 
island  are  of  better  siz}  and  (juality  than  for  nisvny  year.s. 

1  visited  St.  George  Island  on  tlie  18th  in.stantand,  ujton  examination, 
found  that  the  perniis.siou  given  by  ine  in  .Mine  to  take  213,000  seals,  as 
the  (|Uota upon  that  islaiuU  was  a  mistake,  as  the  nund)er  of  killable 
seals  there  was  too  small  to  allow  the  taking  (»f  more  than  20,000.  1 
theref(He  changed  the  (piota  aceordingly,  restoring  the  number  to  be 
taken  from  each  island  to  where  it  was  last  year.  St.  Paul  Island  ha.s 
an  abundance  of  killable  seals  left  after  the  quota  is  taken.  The  num- 
ber of  skins  taken  on  St.  Paul  is  80,(I00  and  on  St.  (leorge  20,000,  mak- 
ing the  full  (piota  accepted  100,000,  and  it  is  expected  that  the  ship- 
ments will  include  tliat  uund)er. 

The  skinning  has  been  done  by  natives  of  the  islands,  and  the  killing 
also,  except  that  done  by  the  agents  of  the  conii)aiiy,  as  is  usual.  The 
salting,  booking,  and  bundling  lias  been  done,  luincipally,  by  men 
brought  from  I'nalaska.  it  has  not  been  possible  Ibr  the  luitives  of 
thcishnid  to  <!o  more  than  the  driving,  killing,  and  skinning.  The  fact 
is  tluit  the  ('iiidemic.  of  which  1  wrote  you  in  .lune,  took  away  1.'!  (and 
;{  or  I  more  «lied  i)reviou.><ly  and  since  the  last  sca.son)  of  the  wcuking 
forccof  the  island,  and  .some  of  t  hem  the  very  best  nu'ii.  it  is  bcioming 
<piite  a  serious  iiuestion  whether  the  native  jieople  of  the  island  will  be 
able  to  do  even  the  kdling  and  skinning  in  years  to  come.  I  have  per- 
mitted boys  liom  12  to  10  years  of  age  to  assist  what  they  (ould,  iu 
order  to  supply,  so  far  as  ))ossibIe,  the  detici«'ncy  in  native  labor. 

The  nundjer  ot  seals  appearing  upon  the  rookeries  aiul  liaiding 
grounds  does  not  <linuMish,  but,  from  the  best  infornuitiou  1  can  get, 
gradually  continues  to  increase. 

The  natives  have  generally  done  tin  ir  work  well,  and  no  tnmble  from 
any  attempted  strike,  like  that  of  last  year,  has  been  experienced.  In 
cue  instance  tiiere  was  a  munil'est  carelessness  in  cutting  skins,  for 
which  I  imposed  a  tine  n|)on  each  nnin  of  81. oO.  Tlit^  number  held 
responsible  was  .'{J,  anil  the  amount  collected,  *i8,  has  been  ]»laced  to 
the  creiiit  of  the  general  fund.  There  had  been  tines  imposed  and  col- 
Iccied  by  my  preilcccsso! s  amnunling  to  .'!<100,  which  was  credited  to 
the  same  lund,  making  a  total  of  $118  realized  iu  this  manner.    1  have 


I 


158 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


])ai(l  from  it  .*2  for  a  i)air  of  slioes  for  an  orphan  boy,  who  was  desti- 
tute, leaving,  at  present,  a  balance  oC  i^lHi.  I  sufjfj'-'^t  tliat  for  the 
])resent  that  fund  be  U'ft  as  it  is,  t(t  l)e  ex|)ended,  in  the  discretion  of 
the  agt'iit,  for  the  bcTielit  of  native  orphan  eliihlren.  It  is  a  forced  h?vy 
upon  the  funds  ot  the  natives,  and  sliouhl  be  used  in  some  manner 
for  their  beiielit. 

Tlie  oil  fund  had  a  balance  of  ffi'>~nA)2,  as  per  statement  of  my  ])rede- 
cessor  to  you.  Under  your  instructions  of  Aj)ril  8,  l«S(t,  to  him,  a  part 
of  this  amount  was  authorized  to  be  e.\])ended  for  the  constructioi'  of 
waterworks  on  8t.  I'aiil  Island.  Two  },'ood  wells  have  been  duj'-  and 
housed  and  provided  with  pumps,  at  an  expense  of  8221.50,  leaviu},'  a 
balance  unexi)ended  of  $3.'>.'{. 42.  1  su};{;est  that  this  amount  be  loft 
as  it  is  at  present,  to  be  exju'iided  for  the  benefit  of  the  natives  in 
such  manner  as  may  hereafter  i)e  authori/«'d  by  tlie  Department.  I 
inclose  bill  and  receij)t  of  tlie  Alaska  ( 'ommercial  Comjjany  for  materials 
and  labor  in  constructiufjtlie  wells.  The  balances  above  named  are  in 
the  hands  of  the  Alaska  Connnercial  Company,  and  charged  to  them 
on  our  books. 

The  mortality  upon  this  i.iland  since  January  1 ,  1882,  has  been  greater 
than  for  the  same  time  in  any  year  sin('e  the  lease  t(»  the  Alaska  Com- 
mercial C()mi)any.  Tiiirty-six  deaths  have  taken  place,  of  wiiich  13 
weie  adult  males, !»  adult  t'emalcs,  and  11  were  children.  Pneumonia 
and  consumption  are  thei)rincipal  fatal  diseases.  The  peoi)Ie are  irreg- 
ular in  their  habits,  careless  in  exi»osiiig  theuiselves  to  the  elements,  do 
not  have  good  nursing  and  attentioti  while  sick,  and  appear  to  be  reck- 
less and  fearless  of  death.  The  chiefs  and  leadii'g  men  have  reipiested 
me  to  say  to  the  Secretaiy  that  the  people  anMinanimousin  asking  the 
restoration  to  them  of  the  privilege  of  killing  puj)  seals  lor  food.  They 
also  desire  that  the  pup  skins  may  be  given  to  them,  in  my  couimu 
nication  of  -nine  hist  1  discussed  Ihe  (piestion  of  how  to  disjjose  of 
pup  skins  to  some  extent,  and  1  do  not  see  any  reason  to  change  my 
opinion. 

Tlx're  has  been  no  manufacturing  or  drinking  of  quas  by  the  natives 
since  1  arrived  here  in  May.  TIk^  i)rohibition  of  the  sale  of  sugar, 
except  fir  the  sick,  seems  to  liave  suppressed  this  evil,  which  has  here- 
tofore been  a  curse  to  the  jieople. 

The  amount  of  money  to  be  distributed  to  the  natives  of  St.  Paul 
this  year  is  .*.'{2,(K)8.,{(I.  This  has  been  eipiitably  api)()rtioned  to  the 
witlows  of  sealers  who  have  died  since  the  end  of  last  season,  and  to 
the  present  working  tbrce.  acc<M(ling  to  the  merits  of  each  individual. 
The  natives  are  better  paid,  according  to  the  amount  of  work  they  do, 
than  any  class  of  laborers  in  this  or  any  other  countiy.  The  above 
amount  rejjresents  the  labor  of  (»7  men  and  l)oys  for  this  season,  or 
from  the  ',Ul  day  of  .lune  to  the  2(>tli  <lay  of  .luly.  The  highest  luunber 
of  hours'  labor  by  any  one  man  during  that  time  is  '.i't^,,  and  his  share 
gives  him  !?'1.<!;5  per  hour  Ibr  work.  Macli  first class  sliare  amounts  to 
^oito.oO;  sec(Uid  class, i>()  per  (teni  of  lirst  class,  or  .'$r)3."».J).'"),  and  other 
(classes  each  1<>  per  cent  less,  down  to  and  including  the  ninth,  which 
was  20  i»er  cent,  the  lowest.  There  were  i)aid  to  widows  *  I, (i.lO  and 
to  the  priest  •'i<  1,000.  The  payment  to  th«  |)rieat  out  of  this  fund  is 
customaiy,  and  seems  to  be  in  accordance  w;tli  the  wishes  of  the  ]>eo- 
ple.  The  church  lias  now  on  deposit  at  interest  «<."),(  1)8.4 7.  and  is  outof 
debt,  which  has  been  paid  outof  the  earnings  of  this  people.  The 
payment  to  each  man  amounts  tomorelhan  the  earningsof  anordinary 
laboring  man  at  the  Mast  for  a  year,  with  <!onstant  emi»loyment.  In 
additiuu,  the  Alaska  Company  furnishes  theiu  with  liouse,  u>eat,  fuel, 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


159 


salt,  and  schools  tree  of  charge.  They  are  indeed  hifjhlj'  fiivored,  and, 
as  wards  oi'  th<'  (<<»veniinejit,  liixiuiously  provided  for. 

The  iiinouiit  to  he  distriltuted  at  St.  (ieorjiC  is  !?,S,()00.  This  is  paid 
to  L'(l  incii  and  hoys,  witli  the  exeei)tion  of  •*()(>(>  to  tlie  jniest  and  8l(>(» 
to  tiie  chiiicli.  Tiicapportioninenttoeach  is,  for  first  class,  .$372.4."),  and 
eacii  class  below  10  percent  less  than  the  one  precedinpr  it.  This  {jives 
i^L'L'.'i.Of)  l(>ss  to  a  resident  laborer  of  St.  George  thaii  the  same  class  on 
St.  I'aul. 

The  long  exemption  from  labor,  fro'n  the  end  of  one  season  to  the 
beginning  of  the  next,  is  detrimental  to  tiie  natives.  It  is  a  sort  of 
enlbrced  idleness.  They  must  of  necessity  emjtloy  their  time  unprotit- 
ablyifnot  engiiged  m  actual  industry.  I  am  told  tliat  gambling  in 
various  forms,  from  jtitching  half  dolhirs  for  keeps  to  tlie  more  intricate 
and  enticing  game  of«dra\v  poker,  is  almost  universally  i)revalent  among 
the  men.  The  woiiu'n  are  the  •' drawers  of  water  and  the  hewers  of 
wood,"  and  in  fact  perform  much  of  (he  work  which  in  a  civilized  com- 
munity tiie  nuni  usinilly  do.  Many  of  the  i»eoi)!e  are  im))rovident.  A 
few  of  them  are  economical  and  liave  deposits  at  interest  with  the 
Alaska  <'ommercial  (Company,  aggregating  on  both  islands  on  the  Ist 
dayotJune,  ISSI.  !?L';{.(),S7..S1. 

Kvery  person  receiving  a  share  in  tlie  distril)ution  is  reqnired  to  keej) 
to  his  credit  enough  to  secure  to  his  family  a  weekly  i)ayment  «)f  83 
until  the  next  distiibution  is  made.  This  insures  to  every  family  a  liv- 
ing iM'vond  the  habits  or  impiovidence  of  the  husband. 

Tiie  Alaska  Coinmerciial  roiniiany  supports  the  widows  and  orjdians 
of  those  sealers  who  have  (bed  without  leaving  i)roperty.  The  coiiii»any 
has  complied  with  the  reiMiirements  of  its  lease,  as  will  api)ear  by  the 
account  current  herewith  inclosed. 

.Myiissistantshaveiu'i  formed  their  duties  faithfully.  ."Mr.  Moultonhas 
rendered  nie  valuable  assistance.  Ilis  long  experience  iiiid  good  judg- 
ment hav(^  been  of  great  service  to  me.  Mr.  (ieorge  Ward  man  and 
(apt.  Louis  Kimmel  have  ]\-\u  the  «'liarge  of  St.  (ieorge  Island,  and 
their  <luties  have  been  well  jierformed.  Messrs.  Mouiton  and  Ward- 
man  will  go  to  Siin  Kran(  isco  on  the  return  of  the  steamer  at  the  end 
of  this  month.  Mr.  Kimmel  will  remain  on  St.  (ieorge,  and  I  shall  be 
here  during  the  coming  winter. 

There  have  been  but  few  seals  on  Otter  Island  during  the  season,  and 
those  are  i»rincipally  old,  wounded,  and  jdaycd  out.  >»  ho  re(|uire  rest 
and  hospitiil  treatment.  Lieutenant  Lutz  and  tv.»  seamen  trom  the 
reveinu'  (litter  ('iniri)i  hiive  remained  on  the  islan  1  and  jirotected  the 
interests  of  the  (iovei  iimeiit  there.  We  have  li;td  no  trouble  from 
niaranders  or  visits  of  Strang*^  crair  of  any  kind. 

'J  he  aitproiiriatioii  for  Ciir]»ets,  allowed  by  yo  ir  letter  of  Aj)ril  17. 
ISSL'.  has  been  e>:peiidcd— «?.")()  here  and  !*i4!».' (i  at  St.  (ieorge.  The 
amount  a|ipropriated  (^KMI)  was  too  small  to  ])■  ovidemore  than  tor  two 
rooms.  There  are  still  three  rooms  in  each  b  lilding  that  need  carpets 
or  niiitting.  I  Iheretore  ask  for  .*1(>(>  lor  car  lets  and  matting  for  next 
Near.  This  will  lu'ovide  lor  two  more  nxmi! .  The -SlTtO  aiitliorized  to 
!»«•  expended  for  reiiairsof  buildings  as  per  htterof  November  10,  IS.Sl, 
has  been  used-Al.".0  at  St.  Paul  and  $'.t!Mi(>  at  St.  (ieorge. 

The  furniture  in  the  (iovernment  buildings  on  both  islands  is  scant, 
old.  much  bi'oken.  and  worn.  The  furniture  for  the  sleei>ing  rooms  wa.s 
jtaid  for,  as  I  am  inlbiiiied,  by  the  .\laska  Commercial  Company.  I  do 
not  think  that  (rovernment  agents  who  come  here  ought  to  lie  obliged 
to  furnish  the  sleeping  rooms  in  the  tlovcrnment  building.  There  is  no 
hotel  or  oth'jr  accommodation  here  for  them,  and  they  can  not  very  well 


160 


ALASKA    INDUSTKIKS. 


alVord  to  purchase  fHiniture  for  tlio  liinitcd  period  (Ijey  uHiially  remain 
iiere.  I  thcrefoie  asii  tliat  I  may  be  ]K'rmitte(l  to  e.\|)eii(l  h.")(M)  for  fur- 
iiisiiiii;,''  tiie  olllces  and  Hlee])in^'  rooms  of  tiie  (loveniment  bnildinjis  on 
St.  I'ani  ami  St.  (Jieorjje  ishuuls.  Tills  will  jjive  hut  ^LTiO  to  eaeli  biiild- 
inc,  wliu-li  will  bnt  little,  If  any,  moie  tlian  deifntiy  fiuiiisli  the  otIiceH. 
The  a^fentH  of  the  (lovernmeiit  who  nre  willln;;  to  eomc  to  thiH  inhoH])i- 
talile  ellmate  oii},'ht  to  be  made  us  comlortiildt^  as  in  consistent  with 
jtropcr  e<;onoiny. 

nishop  "Nestor,  of  the  Russo  Greek  Church,  who  canu!  from  San  Fran- 
cisco with  me  on  the  .S'.'.  /'«»/,  connnltted  suicide  on  the  12th  instant  by 
jumjilnj,'  overboanl  from  the  same  stcjimer  whlh;  oil'  tiie  coast  of  Stuart 
Isliind.in  Norton  Hound,  lie  was  greiitly  beloved  by  his  ]ieo])le,  and 
res|tected  by  everybody. 

The  hciiltli  of  the  natives  on  St.  (leorj;)'  has  been  good.  Only  two 
dentils  have  oecnred  there  in  a  year,  and  those  \\«!re  cjilidieii. 

Kespectfully  subuntted. 

llEMiY    A.   (JLIDDKN, 

,Sp(<;iiil  Aijvnt. 
lion.  CiiABLKS  ,1.  F()i,rri;u, 

Sccritarn  nf  the  'I'ratsnri/. 


InvloHiirr  ifilli  Spccitil  Aijvnt  Cilitldin'a  iniiiiiul  npitrl  lor  ISS.J. 

AUtHkii  Coiiimercial  Company,  San  I'lniirixin,  Cat.,  iii  lu-.coinit  irilli  Ihr  I'liiint  Sliilin  al  SI, 

I'aul  InliiHtl,  Alankn. 


iHKL', 


I  lit. 


.July  2H.  To  shiptnont  of  fiir-Hciil  skins  to  iXaW,  t\\U)Ui  1SH2,  K(l.(MM). 

.Iiinol.  'I'o  iiindiiiif rol' HMit  Hiiliiioii  r('i|iiiri)il  to  l)o  Nii|i|iliitil   for  i'oiiHiiiti|itioii   l>y  llio 

iiiitivc  |ic  oiilo,  iti(|Misit('  i|ii:iiitily. 
.liiiii'  1.  To  MimiMiit  of  coal  r('c|iiire'l  to  lio  fiiriiislici)  lor  iinc  of  iiutive  proplc,  12  loim. 
Jiiiii'  I.  To  Hiip|ili('rt  of  liMi'i'cIs  mill  rt.'ilt  roi|iiii'(;il  to  Ix;  I'rirniHliud  nutivi.-H  tor  th«  ]ii'eH- 

erviitioii  of  iiii'itt,  i'oi|iiisito  niiinlioi'  iiii<l  uiiioiint. 
.linn-  1.  'I'o  Hiipplii's  :i<;ri'<Ml  lo  l>r  I'liniiHiiril   native  pcuplc   -w  IIimi  of  killing;  yoiiiiK 

H''MiIn  for  iiii'iit,  riM|uiHitu  iiinoiiiit  iiiul  i{iiMntit.\ . 
Juno  I.  To  iiiiiiutuimiicu  of  hcIiooIs  as  lotiiiiird  liy  Iiumc,  cijilit  imoiiiIih. 


1KH2. 


Ch. 


July  21.  Hy  lawful  (|Uotu  of  fiir-Hcal  Hkin.s  allowed  In  be  taken  aiiniially,  ijiiota  I8S2, 

Ml.dtM). 
.liiiii' I.   My  aiiiount  of  Halt  Haliiion  Hupiilied   for  coiiHuiiiptioii    to  the  iiativo  pooplo, 

requiHlte  i|uaiitily. 

June  I.   Ity  ail nt  of  coal  su|ipliK(l  for  ime  of  native  peopli'  in  lieu  of  wood,  12  tolls. 

.lime  I.    Ity  liari'ids  and  salt  siijiplied  iiativu  people   for  ]ireservatioii  of  meat,  re(|iii- 

site  aiiioiint  and  i|iiaiitity. 
June  1.    My  f  .ml  luinislied  iiativt)  jii'ople  to  be  used  in  lieu  of  yoiiiifr  Hual  meal,  reipii- 

Hite  amount  ami  i|uaiitity. 
June  1.   Hy  niaiiiti'iiame  of  schools  coimiieinin;;    eptembor  .">,  IHKl,  and  (losing  May 

15,  1HH2,"  ei.i,'lit  nioiillis. 

Si.  1'AI  I,   Isl.AMi,  AlA.HKA,  .hihi  .',S'.  ;.s',s'.'. 
I  lieroby  certify  that  the  fore^joiiiy;  account  is  conect,  aucoriliii){  to  the  Ixist  of  my 
knowled^'o  and  boliuf. 

MkNHV    a.  <il.ll>l>KN, 
Spciinl  .hitiil,  >(«/  IhIuikIs. 

The   HK(  IlKTAUV   OK    IIIK  TllF.ASIKV. 

H'dtiliiiKjIoi),  l>.  C, 


ALASKA    FNIH-STIJIKS. 


161 


Aliixka  Commrrriul  Compani/,  Nun  I'mnvmai,  (HI.,  in  ac'Oiinl  tHth  the  United  States  at 

SI,  licurgii  Juluiid,  Alanka. 

18K2.  I»ic. 

.Inly  I'.'i.  To  Bliipmont  of  fiir-Heiil  Hkini*  lo  iliitc,  iiuotii  1«H2,  20,000. 
.Iiiiiit  1.  'I'ci  aiiioiiiit  (if  Hiili  H;ilinoii  iri{riiii'il  In  Im' Hii|iiilioil  for  c<insiiiii|itioii  hy  native 

licMiplc,  rcc|iiiMi(o  (|iiiiiilit.v. 
.Iiinr  1.    To  aiiioiiiit  of  (^oal  ri'<|iiiriMl  to  he  fiirtiiHlMicI  for  niitivi'tt'  uho,  IS  tonx. 
.Iiiiin  1.  To  Hii|i|ili('M  of  li:irrcln  uiiii  sull  rctinirod  for  iiativcH'  uhc  for  tiie  iireBcrviition 

ol'  iiKMt.  ri'i|iiiNilu  iiiiiiilii'r  .'iiiil  iiriioiiiit. 
.Iiiiic  1.  'I'u  Uiuiiituuiincc  of  NcltuoU  uh  ruiiuiKxl  liv  Ii'Uho,  cii^ht  inolitlm. 


1S82 


(Jl!. 


.Inly  -M.   I!v  lawful  ((iiota  of  fnrwcsal  Hkinx  iillowoil  to  l)0  takoii  aiinniillv,  <|Uota  1W2, 

2(),(HM). 
.IniiH  I.   Ity  aniiMint  of  Halt  Halinoli  Hilpplifil  for  coiisnniiitloM  to  native  {luoplo,  r<;i|ui- 

HJtt'  i|iiaiilitv. 
.IniH-  1.    liy  amount  of  coal  Hn]iplli!il  for  ilHiiof  luitivr  people  in  lieu  of  wood,  18  (onH. 
.Inne  I.   Ily  liaiTeJH  and  Halt  Nnpplifld  for  iiativoH  for  prosorvation  of  moat,  rp<|iiiHito 

anionnt  .'ind  i|nantit v. 
.Iiinu  1.  Ity  niaintinani't-  of  niIiooIn  roinnieiieiiiK  .'^nptitnilier  .5,  1881,  aud  closin);  May 

l.*),  1882,  ei'.;bt  luontliH. 

Si  .  I'AtJi.  Isr.A.VK,  Alaska,  Juhj  ,?S,  18S2. 
I  hereby  certify  that  the  foreKoiii^  aecount  in  rorroct,  aecordinjj  to  my  best  knowl- 
0(1^0  "nil  belief. 

IIknkv  a.  tiui)i>KN,  Special  Aijent. 
Hon.  (MiAiiLKs  ,1.  Fiir.iiKit, 

Secrctanj  oj'  Ihc  Treanunj,  H'ltHliiiiijtnii,  J).  C. 


ConsoUdalid  annual  rrliirn  nf  fur  nrnU  Killiil  al  the  neat  inlands  of  .llaaka  in  thv  year 

indid  .hilii  :0,  fSSJ. 


Kit 

i 

f 

I 

24(1 
7(i:t 

1178 

li:i 

1,848 
'.!,3III 

80 
III 

:i72 

«(l  liir 

i 

riuli 
Ski 

VVh'   ftMMl. 

IIH  n\itrl(»l. 

IMIK'll 

.Ski 
iieirii 

IIV     A 

h'l-lr  M 

i;. 
kiim 

U". 

Kir 

Aggr 

S  ■ 

to 

> 

>({Htl<. 

teil. 

SkiiiH 
ri'ji'cUMl. 

Wlien  mid  wlirrn  liillccl. 

i 

1 

1 

1 

£  J 

•^  a 
s  - 
'■J 

u 

3  .   a 

u 
—  s 

0  '• 

ST.  PAll.  IHI.ANO. 

1881. 

,!,,lv 

240 

487 

240 

la 

8 

I.I 

•j«;i 

1178 
443 

:io 

7«:i 

1 

078 

D.'lohct'        

■ 

411 

1,810 
2,  303 

77 

III 

370 

37.  O.'il 

1.848 

.... 

2  :iiu 

188'.'. 

80 

III 

Miiv            



2 



' 

.372 

36  .'i87 

464 

7(18 

12 1  4 

26  i  19 

17 

37.1181 

.Iiilv                   ' 

1 

311.  8L"2 

37. 440 

37,  IH.I 

I.t'tt  ovt'i-  I8S1    1 

■         1 

111 

fl,  K>1 

88 
•JIM 
•.'il!i 
118 

li:t 



Z 

iolal 

1 

,414 

7:1.  lel)   1,172 

1 

38 

23 

17 

80.  IHH) 

88 
194 
32 

81,  4:0 

HT.  (iri)l(lM-,    Isl.VMl, 

1881. 
.Iiilv 

88 

A  ni^llHI          

7    . 



201 

Si'pleliTlicr   

Oflobcr    .  .. 

173 
118 

205 

118 

NDvi'iuliiT 

i.«;(l 

i,u:ii)   . 



108 

1.144 

11.  Doc.  !)li 11 


162 


A^*<ii{:*  *!Or»t;sTKrKH. 


Consolidated  annual  ntuiu  »j  )»r  >»tt(»  it'ifUd  nl  Ihexial  ixInndH  of  Alatka  in  llir  i/rar 
iu4ji4  ■f*'()/  VI.  A'v?— frmtiiiiiwl. 


Whi'ii  anil  when'  kiUtxI. 

Kil 

i 

B 
t 

0. 

L 

* 

\M  i'i>if<cf(i| 

i  1 

ir           7 

Killed  by    A 
lliiir  8 

Sklim 
ai-ecptMl, 

C. 

kliiH 

3 
'J 

(.•«..     I'"!' 

tkiijH 

OtllMl. 

A«ni< 

■<i 

^. 

~   9 
I- 

.'' 

I 

(Ml 

B,  Ollil 

12,787 

52 

(•all . 

—  a 

-J 

1 

'Ji 

BT.  IIEOROK  IHI.ANIt— <'UIll'll. 

1882. 
Mnv    

no 

' 

' " ' 



A  (109             .      9    .     . 

:i 

(1  711 

jiilv        

12. 707  ;i(i  ....  i;i 

1 

12,  Hill 

Lfl't  over.  IKKl 

JCV 

;  WW 

fMiv 

201 

'(■(itiil            

7tl0 

7,«a« 

i9,4Cfi  :io  ....  in 

20,  UIIU 

21,3:t7 

Tiitnl  lidtli  iHlaiiilH  . 

(I'Vftf 

1.  70f> 

M,875    1.171!     77     23     lil) 

100,0011 

102, 757 

l»i«.   f'Ati.  fst.ANii,  Alaska,  JnhiSl,  ISMS. 
I   lioreby  certify  that  tUc  Jv;;«^f(WiSy  «  (>f>Tr«ot,  HfcorrtiiiR  to  inv  kuowl'idnc   iiiiil 
bfli.'i". 

Hknkv  a.  (ii-iiiDKN,  Special  Aijeiil. 
The  Hkckkiakv  mi    jiih  J  i<j->.-v  ^vf, 


Asuistant  A(j<nt    WurduM/ii  f^ftutt  of  infrrricir  iritli  Mr.  Ortihnitzl,!/, 
tiMtuujtj  of  tht*»ian  nml  islandM. 

SPKr'  ,L  Agknt's  Office, 
fi/f/f  f/'rffnrh-   ;,  Vid.,  Xo.rmhrr  fl,  ISHH. 

Sir:  On  Octolx-i'  27  Um'  |l,»;;#i»lt  Alf.ranthr  arrived  in  tlii.s  jiort  witli 
about  ir(,(l()U  fur  .N<'al  t-,kmi-,  i*^^H\\y  from  Copiicr  and  Heriu;;  i.s!aii(l.s. 
She  also  hroufilif  as  \,-d.f**-u^t*^  \1t.  NficJioia.s  <  .iebiiit/ky,  who,  during 
tlie  past  live  yais  ha.s  J;»a;|,i  fht^  c\,\('f  rcfin  scntativi'  of  tlie  Russian 
(lovernmcnt  o.i  tiio.M-  i4;*i^J!,  fw-li^-viiif!;  tliat  .sduio  account  of  tiie 
condition  ol  tii"  st-ai  ihUi^^H*  ttr  Kn^siaii  waters  niinlit  be  acc<'|)tal)le 
to  your  Dt^jiartiifiit.  J  i,>^iiitf  mx]  obtained  an  interview  with  Mr. 
Grebnitzlvy,  Iroui  whom  i  ^A&4nl<fHl  tlie  substance  of  the  followiu},' 
statement. 

During  the  five  yeaf«  *4  ^it.^^'rfbTiitzky's  administration  there  haH 
been  a  (,'radiial  imiejih*  ,«^  jt,tj;i'^«  rjpo,,  tl'ie  islands  in  (luestion,  .Mr. 
(.Jrebnit/.ivy  tiiiiiKs  tiiejv  a^A- ••rtyi'fUoTis''  of  .seals  which  resort  annually 
to  those,  islands.  l;ul  thv  y4mif4  'iH(',tc;\M\  may  be  prai-ticiallvunderstooll 
from  a  Khiiice  at  the  tJ^g^Av-  r/f  fV  munber  killed  within"  tlie  time  <if 
Mr.  (liel)nit/ky".^  |><-JM>n>i^  JM'»ij)<'i>vi,-!ioTi.  The  fur. seals  killed  ou  tiiose, 
islands  during  tin-  time  i^>4u4  i-?  jyivftri,  in  round  numbers,  thus:  First 
year,  ll,0()(»;  8.(;<iiid  y^^t,  '//^/gi^t-  fi,i,-,i  year,  3l!,()U0;  fourth  year, 
48,()(M);  lifth  year  (J«^2|,  if/./m 

lie  avers  that  a  mu<Jj  Jitf^^y  iftttfih^T  might  have  been  taken  this  year 
on  those  islands  i>ijt  t/*  m  \'<?mt  of  salt  to  preserve  the  skins.  The 
sele-tion  of  seals  to  be  kiiJM  ^m  ^Y.^iicr  and  Heriiit;-  islands  is  made  as 
on  th  Mslan<i>i  Im^Iohj^jiij^  t/^  nil^  tfrttf<\  States,  On  the  llussian  i.slandrt 
ueithtu-  female  sieulis  ijww  j/i^^jK  /tt^.  killed. 


ALASKA    INDUSTUIE8. 


163 


or  Mm  skins  brought  down  in  tlio  Alcrandtir  tliiH  yvnv  about  4,()00 
wvvv  taken  from  Itobbin  Uccf,  in  tlio  Okliolnk  Ht-.u,  where  tliey  are 
kilh'<l  very  chtse  in  order  to  defeat  the  niaraiiderM  who  resort  thither, 
the  liusHian  (iovernnient  not  (h'.siring  any  seals  to  eslal)Iisli  breeding 
grounds  tiiere.  Mr.  (irebnif/ky  also  submitted  riiitps  indicating  the 
area  of  the  rookeries  and  their  inerease  in  extent  during  the  past  live 
years  on  Coppei'  and  IJering  islands. 

In  answer  to  a  ([uestion,  Mr.  (irebnitzky  stated  lie  did  not  believe 
that  any  of  the  increase  in  the  number  (»f  seals  on  (-'opper  and  Bering 
islands  was  due  to  tnigration  from  the  .\meri(!an  side.  On  the  con- 
trary, he  docs  iMtt  believe  that  the  seals  frctin  the  Anmriean  and  the 
I'ussian  islands  mingle  or  meet  in  their  annual  migrations  to  the 
south. 

He  gives  it  as  his  opinion  that  the  seals  from  ('opper  and.  Bering 
islaiuls  keep  along  the  west  side  of  Bering  Sea  and  tlur  Pacific!  Ocean, 
while  it  is  generally  understood  that  tin;  seals  from  the  AuKnicaii  pos- 
sessions remain  more  in  American  waters.  Mr.  (Inibnitzky  thinks 
there  is  a  wide  exi)anse  in  mid  ocean  where  no  seals  are  ever  seen. 
This  view  of  the  matter  is  sustained  by  a  statement  of  a  member  of  the 
Alaska  (omniercial  (Jomjtaii},  who  says  that  there  is  such  a  difference 
in  the  (piality  of  the  fur  of  the  Alaska  and  Uussian  seals  that  though 
the  skins  might  l)e  mixed  in  the  shipment,  every  skin  from  the  Uussian 
Hide  would  be  detected  by  the  dealer  in  London,  the  Alaska  skin  always 
bringing  the  highest  price.  My  reasons  for  iiM|uiring  particularly  about 
this  is  that  it  has  been  suggested  by  a  scientific  writer  on  seal  life  that 
it  is  (|uite  possilde  our  fur  seals  may  some  day  migrate  to  breeding 
grounds  on  the  Itussian  side. 

In  the  course  of  this  interview  with  Mr.  (Irebnitzky  it  was  stated 
that  the  fur  seal  skins  from  Koljbin  Keef  are  very  inferior  to  those 
from  the  (ttlier  islands.  The  fur  is  fine  (inough,  but  after  tlu!  skin  has 
b('en  dressed  the  fur  falls  out  in  sjjite  of  every  effort  to  j»revent  it.  For 
this  reason  the  Kobbin  Jleef  skins  are  kept  scrpaiate  from  the  Copper 
and  Bering  skins  when  sent  to  market.  Some  years  the  lUjbbin  Reef 
skins  find  a  sale  to  inexperienced  dealers,  who  think  that  they  can  cure 
them,  but  the  old  dealers  will  not  touch  them.  Mr.  Orebnitzky  states 
tliat  the  natives  employed  in  the  work  of  sealing  re|)ort  the  Bobbin 
I'eef  skins  thinner  anil  lighter  than  those  olitained  upon  the  other 
islands.  This  thinness  of  the  skin  may  be  taken  as  a  reason  why  the 
fur  falls  out,  and  the  thinness  is  thought  to  be  due  to  the  fact  that  those 
seals  resort  to  the  waters  which  are  warmed  ]>y  the  .lapan  (;urreut.  A 
similar  influence  may  account  for  the  fa<t  also  that  the  <'oi)per  and 
Bering  skins  are  inferior  to  those  obtaiiK'd  in  Alaska.  There  is  no 
doui)t  that  the  tenijjerature  of  both  the  air  and  water  at  our  islands  in 
Bering  Sea  is  considerably  lower  than  in  IIk^  vicinity  of  tlm  seal  islands 
on  the  K'ussian  side.  That  differencie  is  doubtless  nnich  greater  than  is 
indif  ated  by  the  latitude  of  the  lo(;alities  in  cpicstion. 

The  manner  of  taking  seals  on  the  Uussian  islands  does  not  ai)pear 
tolu- very  dilVerent  from  that  pursued  upfin  the  American  islands.  The 
sariie  soit  of  natives  are  employed  and  they  aic  .<roverned  similarly, 
tliMigh  it  appears  that  the  Russian  administrator  is  invt^stE'l  with  more 
authority  than  is  exercised  by  the  United  States  Treasury  agciits  in 
charge  on  the  Bribilof  grouj). 

1  have  the  honor-  to  be,  very  icspectfrdly,  your  obedient  servant. 

(JKO.  \V  a  I!  OMAN, 

AHHinUint  tSpcvial  Agent. 
The  Skckktakv  of  'I'DK  TiU'-Asiitv, 

\V(tnhinyton,  l>.  (', 


164 


ALASKA    INDUSTKIES. 


IHHH. 
Sjmcial  A(jrnt  (llitlilni ;  (innidil  report  for  /W.7. 

OFFKE   of    Sl'KClAI,   A(iKNT   TREASURY    DEPARTMENT, 

.S7.  I'tiul  Ishtiid,  Al,isl:(i,  .hilji  :ii),  ISS.'i. 

Sir:  I  submit  tliw  lollowiiig  as  .  >v  imimiil  report  <tf'  tln>  (Muidition  of 
iitViiiiH  <tf  the  seal  islandN  of  Alaska  tor  tlic  year  oiuliii^;  .Inly  .1(1,  l.s.S.'{. 

Tlic  licaltli  of  tli«)  natives  on  l>otii  islaiiils  lias  hroii  unusually  good; 
no  epidemic  lias  occurred  and  U'w  dcatlis  have  taUcn  place. 

The  |)o|»ulation  of  St.  Paul,  as  by  census  taken  on  tlio  Ist  day  of 
January,  IHH'A,  is  as  follows:  Wliole  nnmhci'  of  actinil  residentK  (77 
families),  2'M.  Males:  Adults,  «W;  from  .">  to  17  xears,  -M  ;  und«'r  5 
years,  18.  Females:  Adults,  70;  from  5  to  IT  ars,  .'W;  under  5 
years,  16. 

Tlie  population  of  St.  (rcorge,  as  by  census  of  Aupiist  1,  1H83,  is  as 
follows:  Whole  number  of  actual  residents  (1*7  families),  KM.  Males: 
Adults,  li.'i;  youths,  IH;  infants,  ;}.  Feiuales:  Adults,  312;  youths,  22; 
infants,  (i. 

The  conduct  of  the  poo])le  has  been  exceptionally  pood  sinci^  my  last 
rei)ort.  There  has  been  no  nuikin^;  or  <lrini<in^of  (|uas,  so  far  as  1  am 
informed,  and  no  case  ol  intoxi<'ation  has  come  to  my  knowled^'c.  This 
is  undoubtedly  the  result  of  stoppinj;'  the  sale  of  su;:ar,  except  in  cases 
of  sickness  and  uj)on  the  order  of  the  ])hysician  in  charKe.  The  people 
are  very  orderly  and  |)eaceable.  There  luis  been  no  disturbance  of  any 
kind  except  in  one  instance,  hereafter  mentioned.  They  diess  and  live 
well,  and  imitate  the  Americans  in  that  respect  to  a  larj^e  <lef;ree.  They 
have  been  obedient  to  my  orders  ami  are  easily  controlled.  They  are 
but  trrown  children  in  many  respects,  and  at  times  need  moderate  pun- 
ishment. All  that  is  necessary  t<M'ontrol  them  is  tirmnessaml  uniformity 
of  discipline.  There  has  been  no  disjtosition  manifested  «)u  their  part 
to  refuse  or  fail  to  perform  the  labor  reipiired  of  them. 

The  Alaska  Commercial  Company  brought  by  the  steamer  iS7.  Paul 
from  Unalaska  a  number  of  natives  and  a  few  whites  as  laborers  to  do 
the  salting,  itundling,  ami  handling  of  skins,  and  such  other  labor,  out- 
side of  flaying  and  killing,  as  needed  to  be  done. 

Uwiiig  to  the  depression  in  the  market  of  fur  seal  skins  at  the  last 
London  sale,  the  Alaska  t'omniercial  Company  take  but  7r»,(l(»0  sl^ins 
as  the  full  complement  of  this  season's  catch.  These  have  been  appor 
tioned  at  (!(l,()()Ofiom  St.  Paul  and  l.'),(MI(l  from  St.  Ceorge.  This  will 
make  the  payment  as  a  sliarc  on  St.  (Jeorge  rather  small  lav  the  sup- 
port of  a  family.  I'erhajis  it  would  l)e  a  better  idan  to  bring  a  part  of 
tlie  working  force  from  St.  tlcoige  here  for  the  season  and  then  make 
a  distribution  of  the  i»ro(;eeds  of  both  islands  as  if  they  were  both  one 
and  consider  the  proceeds  as  belonging  to  the  whole  people  of  both 
islaixls.  The  manner  of  i)ayment  I  consider  a  matter  (»f  disci  et ion 
with  the  Alaska  Commercial  ('oin|)any,  and  whatever  plan  they  adopt 
which  does  no  injustice  to  tin'  people  I  should  feel  disjiosed  to  concur  in. 

The  peojile  of  St.  Georj;e,  f  )r  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  that 
island,  have  the  benefit  of  a  regular  jiriest  and  church  services.  Uev. 
Iniiokcnty  Leisiiikott"  was  sent  there  last  fall  and  with  his  family  has 
become  a  resident  of  St.  (leorge. 

There  have  been  no  jmp  seals  killed  on  either  island  for  food  during 
the  past  year.     In  lieu  of  pup  meat  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company 


ALASKA    INDUSTKIK8. 


166 


have  fiirniHlu'd  for  St.  Paul  l(l,0(K)  ikmiikIs  ((froriKHl  beef,  r»,;i9()  jxhiikIh 
of  potatoes,  L',I(H)  pouiidH  of  lani,  and  1,400  pouikIh  of  onions,  an<I  for 
Ht.  (loor^jr,  4,(M)0  j)onndHof  b(H!f,  l-',.SiiO  pounds  of  jjotatocs,  1,L'()0  pounds 
of  laid,  and  ii'2'2  pounds  of  onions.  Kliould  tlio  i-onipany  for  tlii>  com 
intj  year  supply  tin;  same  (|uantityof  food  for  nativci  us»'  I  shall  not 
]K-rmit  th«3  killing,'  of  pu]>s  for  food.  Hliould  tint  company  fail  to  do  so, 
pcrnussion  to  kill  a  limited  nundu'rwill  hc^ifiveii  and  tlHiskinshutltdiv- 
crcMl  to  the  uiitivos  for  tlu'ir  «>wn  nso.  I  have  in»t  r»',(M'iv(Ml  any  reply 
to  my  rccnmmendations  upon  this  subje<;t,  but  considur  the  instructions 
piven  to  my  )trodeces8orH  and  now  on  tile  here  to  bo  in  accordance  with 
the  !U)ovo. 

The  Alaska  company  have  jjerformed  the  conditions  of  their  lease, 
and  the  afients  arc  iiniforndy  kind  to  the  natives  and  very  liberal  in 
providinjj  for  their  necessities. 

1  have  found  it  necessary  to  fine  one  native  ^'i  for  an  assault  ujmn 
his  wife  at  a  public  dance.  I  have  also,  in  my  endeavor  to  secure 
punctual  attendance  at  school,  tried  the  e\))eriment  of  imposinf;  a 
slight  line  of  .">()  cents  upon  the  ])arent  or  (,Miardian  for  every  absence 
of  a  scholar  without  jterniission.  It  is  about  the  only  practicable  way 
of  enforciuf;  the  i»rinciples  of  compulsory  education  ui)on  these  people, 
and  has  i)roved  very  effectual  after  a  few  (collections  of  the  line.  The 
amount  realized  by  these  tines  for  the  whole  ei;;ht  months  is  $;}7.50. 
I  also  lined  two  men  $2  eacdi  for  f,'oin>j;  upon  tlie  breeding,'  rookery. 
The  fines  aforesaid  are  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  fjen.'ral  fund  aud 
depositecl  with  and  charj^ed  to  the  Alaska  ('ommercial  (Jomi)any. 

The  balance  to  credit  of  this  fund  at  last  report  was  $lt(i.  Fines 
collected  as  above  stated,  $4(»..~)0;  |)aid  out  for  cleaning  streets,  ^11.45; 
leaving  a  balance  of  $181-.05,  which  I  think  should  be  left  here  tf)  be 
expended  for  the  benelit  of  the  natives. 

1  am  advised  by  Captain  Moxilton,  my  assistant,  that  the  collector  at 
San  Francisco  is,  by  Department  letter  dated  October  l(i,  188L*,  author- 
ized to  expend  $100  for  car])ets  for  (lovernment  buildings  upon  the 
seal  islands.  1  have  therefore  (lertifled  bills  for  that  amount,  dividing 
it  eiiually  between  St.  Paul  and  St.  George. 

1  have  a  letter,  a  copy  of  which  J  inclose,  from  the  assistant  agent  at 
St.  (Jleorge,  asking  for  an  appropritiou  of  $12.")  to  be  expended  for 
repairs  and  i)Jipering  and  i)ainting  upon  the  (lovernment  building 
there.  I  visited  the  island  (luring  the  present  week  and,  after  exami- 
nation, concur  in  the  re(iue8t. 

I  also  request  an  appropriation  of  ^200  for  painting,  papering,  and 
repairing  the  house  at  St.  Paul.  The  inside  of  tlie  house  should  be 
thoroughly  painted  during  the  ensuing  year.  The  dampness  and  the 
smoke  from  burning  soft  coal  render  frei(uent  renovation  by  jtaint  and 
paper  necessary.  There  are  repairs,  such  as  resetting  glass  in  outside 
windows,  now  outside  door  to  caledor  (hall),  and  other  small  items 
which  must  be  attended  to. 

The  seals  were  much  later  and  slower  in  coming  upon  the  islands 
than  usual  this  season,  and  even  with  the  limited  (juota  to  be  obtained, 
it  has  been  difldcult  to  get  the  15,000  killable  seals  upon  St.  George  of 
the  requisite  size  within  the  two  months  usually  devoted  to  that  pur- 
pose. I  inclose  consolidated  report  of  seals  killed,  account  current,  and 
shipping  receipt  for  as  many  as  have  thus  far  been  taken  from  the 
islands.  The  balance  will  be  shipped  later  in  the  season,  as  there  are 
a  few  thousand  on  St.  George  not  yet  ready  for  shipment. 

Mr.  Kimmel,  assistant  agent  at  St.  George,  aud  myself  will  go  to  San 


Ifjfi 


ALASKA    INDl'STKIKH. 


FraiiciHc.o  by  .stfiiiiwr  .S7.  I'aiil,  l<'ii\  iiij;  iilxiiit  tlio  1st  of  AuyiiHf,     Mr. 
Moiiltoii  will  rciiiiiiii  lioro  aiul  Mr.  Wai'diiiaii  at  Ht.  (ifHiip-  in  <liarjji\ 
Kf.s|»('(triill\ .  yours, 

IlKNUv  A.  (ir,ini)i;N, 

tSiKcitil  Ai/viil  SiiilJslKiitlx. 
Hon.  OlIAULKH  J.  iMlMiKli, 

iii'crclorji  of  the  TrcdHur;/, 


hicloHiirc  Willi  llliilili-n's  unniidl  rifuirt  for  ISS.I.     Shiiipitifi  rmi/it,  iimiln  nf  tSS.t. 

Isi.AN'ii  or  Si.  (ii  uHiii:,  .hiiinxl  I,  /ss.l. 
'I'hiH  in  to  rcrtifv  tbiit  T.HiHI  fiir-Hflitl  Nkiii.i  liavii  llii^  ilay  licni  -liiitiiril  tm  liiiaiil  tlio 
AliiHkii  Coiiiiiiorcial  <'i(iii|iaii,v'M  Htcaim  r  Si.  I'mil,  ('apt  M.'C.  KisKiiic,  liidHtcr.  lor  Sail 
I'raiirJHro,  I  al. 

M.  ('.  !•  It-KINK. 

Liil  IH  Kl.M.MKI.,  AixiHlniil  I iiun II r fi  .\iinil. 

1>|.AM)  OK  Si.  \'\\  \.,  Jiihi  .Id,  iss.l. 
'I'liiN  ix  til  cttrtity  that  flO.IMH)  tiir-soal  hUIiis  have  this  ilav  liccii  nIiI|>|ii'iI  on  liuanl 
thtt  AlaHUa  t 'iiiiiiii«inial  ('oiii|iaii.v'M  HleaiiuM-  N/. /'(iii',  ('apl.  .\1.   ('.  I'.iHliiiif.   iiiaHtiM', 
lor  San  rraiiiiHco,  I'al. 

M.  ('.  Kkskink. 

Hknhy  .\.  (iHliMl'.N,  TrriiHiirii  .liieiil. 


Inilomit'   ivilli  IIHiIiIiii'k  tiiiniial  npoit  for  ISS.l. 

'I'lie  Aliiiika  Vommeriiid  Cumjianii  in  arcniinl    irillt  tlir  I'liilnl  .^Uilen  iil  SI.  I'aid  IhIuikI, 

.lluxka. 


hit. 


ISSL'. 


Aii^'.  I.  'I'o  siippl.v  <>f  coal  for  nntivo  nsi-,  as  roiinircd  liv  li'asc.  IL'  toiin;  of  tisli.  (!0 
liurrclH;  nl'Nalt,  T'l  l>a;;H  ul'  UK)  pmiiiiU  cat-li ;  nf  liarit'lN,  rtii|iiiNit<' iiiiiiilier; 
iiiaiutuuaiic(t  hI'hi  iiool,  oi^ht  nioutliH. 


Cu. 


188H. 


May  1.  H.v  Hiipply  of  cdal  for  iiativn  iihc.  as  rc'c|tiireil  liy  loasf,  12  tuns:  ni'  I'mli,  tio 
liarrols;  oCsalt,  ".">  liansnl'  100  poniKlscarli ;  of  liurreiN,  rei|MiHit()  niiniltor; 
niaiutuuuucu  uf  Ht.liuul,  cigiit  nionlliN. 


Till!    lluHka  Commercial  Companii  in  airoiitit  iiilli  llie  t'liilnl  Stales  nl  SI.  Ciori/e  hlaiid, 

AluHka. 


Dit. 


IWL' 


AiiR.  1.  To  supply  of  coal  for  native  use,  as  roqiiin-ii  liy  Icasi',  IS  ions;  cil  lish,  20 
Imrrols:  of  salt,  'S<  l)a>;Hof  1 00  |  ion  nils  each  ;  of  liarnlN.  it^inisiti'  iiiiinliiT; 
luaiuti'uuiici!  of  school,  ui};ht  months. 


Cn. 


18SH. 


May  4.  Hy  supply  of  coal  for  nativo  use,  as  rci|uir(>(l  li\  loasc.  is  tons;  of  lisli,  L'O 
barrels;  of  salt,  LTi  liagsof  KM)  pou  '<i'ach;  of  liarrcls,  n>i|iiiHltr  niiiiilter; 
luaiutuuancu  of  sihool,  ui<;ht  uioiil 


ALASKA    INDUSTIflKH. 


i(;7 


1884. 

SiH'cial  Affrnt  (lliilihn;  ttinninl  rrjwrt  fur  1R84. 

OVVWV.   (»l'   Hl'KOIAI.    AUKN'I'   TlfKASUKV    I  mi'AUTMKNT, 

.S7.  I'lntl  IsIiiikI,  Jiilj/  .11,  Issl. 

HiB:  I  lisivu  tilt!  honor  to  siibniil  to  voii  my  iiniiiiiil  ntport  of  the 
condition  of  iilViiirw  at  fho  Hcal  isluiid^^,  AliisUu.  lor  tlic  vear  cudwd 
July  .{(»,  IS8I. 

Tlio  <'ensus  of  St.  I'anI,  taken  .lannary  1,  1SS4,  hIiows:  Total  iininher 
of  natives  l)elon),'in},'  U>  tiie  island,  I'ld;  residents  ol'otlier  islands  visit- 
ing here,  11;  total, -■'((),  eotnposud  of  !l!)  males  and  l.'il  teiuales.  The 
nnniher  ofbiitlis  were  l!>,  dtiitlis  L'(i,  marria;;es  .">. 

The  lensus  ol  Ht.  (Jeorjre,  taken  January  1,  1881,  shows:  Total  uuin- 
bur  of  native  inhahitants.  111,  conijjosed  of  I"  nuilea  and  04  females. 
Number  of  births  tJ,  deaths  .'>,  inarria;,a's  none. 

Tho  seal  life  on  the  islands  ai)|»ears  to  be  as  lar}>('  and  tlourishing  as 
ever.  The  killable  seals  came  to  the  islands  in  K't'i't*"''  nundjers  earlier 
ill  the  season  than  last  year.  The  catcdi  this  season  is  l(l(l,()(M»,  tlici  lull 
number  to  which  the  Alaska  <!(»inniercial  <'om|taiiyis  entith^d  under 
their  lease.  l'iif,'hty-Uve  thousand  are  taken  from  St.  Paul  and  15,000 
from  St.  C.eor^ie. 

The  t'xperiment  of  takiuf^  a  few  men  from  St.  (ieorpo  to  assist  in 
doiufj  the  work  on  St.  I'aul,  in  accordance  with  permission  {ifranted  in 
your  letter  of  instnirti'iis  of  the  :i8th  of  February,  last,  has  been  tried, 
and  a  jiroper  distril»nlion  of  the  pro(«'eds  of  their  labor  from  St.  Paul 
to  St.  (Jeortje  has  been  made,  it  has  worked  well  and  given  entire 
satisfaction. 

Tho  habits  of  the  natives  of  both  islands  have  {jreatly  improved  as 
to  cleanliness,  good  order,  and  <<uiduct,  the  improved  manner  of  (h)ing 
their  work,  ami  their  willing  nliedieuce  t*)  all  that  has  been  re(|uiredof 
them. 

There  have  been  three  eases  of  drunkenness  on  St.  Paul,  from  which 
I  have  realiy.«'d  lines  to  the  amount  of  8-0.  The  cause  of  this  was 
whisky  oi)taiued  from  one  of  the  cooks  on  board  the  steamer  iS7.  "aiil. 
I  have  seen  no  evidence  of  (pias  upon  the  islands.  Fines  '  tho 
amount  of  $l<i  have  been  imposed  for  minor  olfenses  and  the  total 
amount  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  general  fund.  The  condition  of  this 
fund  is  as  follows:  l>alaiiceas  per  rejjort  of  1883,  8181.05;  received  for 
linos  since,  fjt.'tfi;  paid  for  cleaning  streets,  .'Ji'L'.S.'j;  leaving  a  balance  of 
iJlJM.L'O,  which,  unless  you  otherwise  direct,  will  remain  here  to  be 
expended  for  the  beneKt  of  tiu;  natives  as  (xicasion  may  re(piiro. 

The  condition  of  the  oil  fund  is  as  follows:  Balance  as  per  re])ort  of 
1883,  .*3.'{.'{.4L5 ;  expended  for  ])umps  and  re])airs,  as  ])er  voucher  here- 
with, $71.40;  balance,  ¥-'liL!.(t-,  which  will  be  needed  in  repairing  and 
l»nrcliasing  new  jjumjis  from  time  to  time.  The  natives  are  very 
improvident  and  destiiictive  in  the  u.se  of  pumps,  and  it  is  diflicult  to 
liiid  any  which  they  do  not  easily  destroy. 

No  atteini)t  at  marauding  has  been  made  upon  St.  Paul  T.sland  during 
the  past  year.  I  inclose  report  of  Assistant  Agent  (Jeorge  Wardmaii, 
giving  an  accDunt  of  the  ai»pearaiue  of  a  vessel  off  St.  (Jeorge  with  the 
apparent  intent  of  taking  seals.  During  the  sealing  season,  from  the 
1st  of  June  to  the  10th  of  August,  vcs.sels  do  not  attem])t  to  take  seals 
ou  or  ueur  the  islands.    The  employees  of  the  Alaska  (Jomiuercial  (Joiu- 


168 


ALASKA    INDITSTRIKS. 


pany  on  tlie  islands  are  tliere,  on  the  rookories  nearly  everyday.  AHer 
tlio  st'a.soii  is  i)as(  l»ut  lew  wliile  men  iirc  left,  the  rookeries  are  not 
often  visited,  tli«'  steamer  St.  I'mil  :iii<i  tlie  revenne  cntler  itasi'  de. 
parted,  and  m:iranders  know  tliat  it  is  "omparatiNely  Siif'e  tn  attempt  a 
landing'  lor  il^e  purpo.-.e  of  catchiii;;  seals.  If  tlie  revenne  eiitter  (!onld 
cruise  tlie  sea  near  the  isl.ind.s  iVoni  Aiij^iist  10  to  Noveiid)«'r  I,  there 
would  be  no  inaraiidinji'.  1  reeomniend  that  so  far  as  possible  this 
serviee  of  th«^  enlter  be  riMiuired. 

In  aeenrdiuiee  with  Hie  authority  ;iiveii  to  the  eolleetor  of  enstonis  at 
Han  Fran(!isi'<t  U)  i)iirchase  fnriiitnre  for  the  seal  islands  to  th(>  amonnt 
of  $r)(K),  imrchases  to  that  anmnnt  have  been  made,  and  1  huve  approved 
vouchers  for  tin-  same.  The  anion  lit  was  too  small  to  purchase  even  the 
necessary  articles  neecb'tl  lor  both  biiildinj;s.  The  j  "ices  paid  to  the 
Alaska  Company  were  really  t<(o  sMiall  to  fully  compensate  (hem,  but 
tlici  ■  liberality  enabled  me  to  }jet  iiiosi  of  tlie  necessary  art iclcs  retpii- 
site.  I  ask  for  a  further  appropriation  of  *l  l.">  for  St.  Paul  to  jmrtihase 
the  following;- arti(!les:  One  desk  for  ollice,  •^  10;  i  it'volvin^  chair,  810; 
1  easy  i^'iair,  810;  1  center  table.  8-0;  2  toilet  sets,  810;  I  stove  and 
pijie,  8-i">.  .Vlso  an  a[»propriation  of  ^'ITt  for  the  purchase  of  a  new  stove 
and  piiu!  for  the  house  on  St.  (leorjie. 

The  appropriation  for  repairs  of  (lovernmeiit  building  o;  St.  I'anI,  as 
per  letterso''  rhe  Supervising;  Architect  of  the  Department  of  September 
,'{,  1,S.S.'5,  and  February  7,  ISSt.  has,  so  far  as  rcipiired,  been  expended. 
Tlie  appropriation  of  812.">  'or  repairs  on  St.  (':"ort!;e  has  not  been  used. 
]  found  U|ion  exaniiiiatioii  and  an  estimate  nnide  by  a  comp(;tent 
mecliaiiie  that  it  will  cost  .8;50t»  ti>  make  tht^  repairs  contemplated  and 
actually  U'.H',essary.  I  therefore  a>k  for  8''J0<)  for  rejiaiis  »,'n  St.  (n^oif^e 
Isli'iid  diuinj;'  thecominjjf  year.  I  also  ask  for  an  a])i)ropriatioii  of  8100 
f'i'  St,  Paul  and  f'>M  for  St.  (leor^je  to  be  expended  in  the  purchase  of 
C'lrpets  and  matt'uj;-  for  t)u'  (iovernmcnt  buiidiufjs. 

Ti".  pup  skins   n  salt  upon  tli',-  island  of  St.  (ieorjje  were  of  no  use  to 
the  \n  lives,  and  of  noi-oaimercial  valu(\  and,  in  accordance  with  insti  uc 
tions  'ontained  in  your  letter  of  February  2 ',  1  have  (lauscd  tiieiii  to  be 
destroyed. 

A  lifuited  number  of  i)Ui)  seals  were  killed  last  fall  for  nativ«'  food, 
and  the  skiii,;  f^iveii  to  the  natives  for  <',lothinj;-  and  the  manufacture 
of  blankets. 

Th''  school  :!<untaiued  on  St.  Paul  during  the  ])ast  year  has  been 
more  than  usually  prosperous  under  the  }i;uidance  of  a  nev;  teacher. 
The  number  of  pujiils  r«'gistcied  was  ."il,  and  the  av*.iraf.;(i  dailj  attend- 
ance for  eijilit  months  ol. ,">!».  In  this  we  challenge  comparison  with  the 
schools  of  an  enlightened  civilization. 

The  Alaska  Commercial  (Company  have  conijjlied  with  the  terms  of 
their  lease,  i  inclose  aiu-oimt  current  with  tliecoiiii»any.  I  also  inclose 
consolidated  report  of  seals  taken  ami  duidicate  certificates  of  shijunenta 
of  seal  skins. 

I  lia.'e  visited  St.  George  Island,  and  ascertain  that  the  taking  if 
l."),000  seals  there  exhausted  the  killable  seals  (o  sucii  an  extent  as,  in 
my  opinion,  to  endanger  the  seal  life.  1  therefore  recomnieiid  that  tiie 
(piota  tor  that  island  li<'  limited  to  10,000  lor  at  least  three  years.  Tiiis 
will  enable  the  seal  life  to  recuperate  iVom  its  presentexhausted  condi- 
tion. The  Alaska  Commercial  Company  can  take  more  men  from  St. 
(leorge  to  assist  on  St.  Paul,  ami  lliei'clty  keep  tlie  distributive  share 
of  the  proceeds  upon  St.  (leorge  up  to  its  usual  standard. 

Assistant  Agents  Moultoii  aud  Wardinan  will  go  to  Sin   Franci.sco 


ai 


lu 


Al 


In 


Al 


A 
tr 


/ 


ALASKA    INDKSTKIES. 


1G9 


b\  tho  .S7.  r<inl.     Assisliiiit  A{,'i'iil    Kowler  will  nMiiaiii  on  St.  (;(orK<', 
and  1  sliiill  stay  Imrc  diiiini;  tli«  (rominii-  wintt'r. 
Vorv  n'Mi)e(;tl'uIlv,  vniirs, 

IlENUV  A.  (iLll)l)E^•. 
TreayHri/  At/ml,  Sial  hUtndH. 
lion.  CiiAlli.KS  .1.  lMti.<ir,u, 

Striilnrii  »/  llitf  TriiiNiny. 


InvliiHiin  u-illi  Snrrial   Aqml  Cliililtii'^  aimiKil  r'jiort   fur  /SSI.     .S'Ai/v'i",'/  rtnifit,  ipiota 

nflSSI. 

Island  dk  Si'.  (iKoi«;K.  .fulii  .'S,  issi. 
TliiH  in  III  ciTtify  *li;ii  in,(KX»  lur-H<i;il  skins  luivr  iliisilny  Ihm'h  Mlii|i|M(l<m  lioanl  lli'- 
AIiisk.H  CoiiinHTci!!)  CoiniKiny'H  .stoiiiiujr  .sV.  lUnil,  M.  ('.  Kiskiiio,  in;ist«i-,  lor  S;iii  J  riiii- 

ii»(-o,  Cal.  .,  ,,  ,,     , 

M.   ('.    I'.USKlNi:,  Mailer. 

(iKll.    W'AltllMAN, 

.tnKisliiiil   I'lramiry  .lyml. 


IndoHiiii:  Willi  Spiriiil  Aiinil  (Uitlilni's  <ii>rii(il  nimrl  for  ISSI.     Shippiuii  ri-aijil,  »/.«('« 

of  iss-l. 

InI.a.M"  iir  St.  I'aii.,  Aniimt—.  ISSI. 
ThiH  iH  to  curtifv  dial  Ht,i«k)  fiir-sciil  skins  liavr  this  <ljiy  l.ceii  sliippril  (lu  Ixmnl  tli<- 
Alaska  <'om'iior<'ial  Comi.any'H  stoaiiwr  st.  fool  to  l.i'  .leliven-d  at  San  I'rannsr...  (   il. 

M.    ('.    KliSKINK,  MumUi 
II.    A.    (il.lliDKN, 

'riiiinuni  Aijtul. 


Iiiclotiin  irilh  Siinial  .I'liul   (lVnlilni\  nniiiiol  rtport  for  ISS-i.     Shiiipini/  rfreij)!.  'inola 

of  ISS.1. 

OlFK  K    i»|.    Sl'K(  lAI.    Alil-.Nl    'ritl-ASl'ItY    1  IKI'A  iiTMEN  1, 

.S7.  (!<or;ic  IxIiiikI,  .llifl^i,  Sejitfiiihif  .'>.  IS.;. 
TliiB  is  to  rcitify  that   I7(i  Inr-sf.jil  skim  have  tliis  .lay  Ihmmi  sliiiipeil  on  Iniar.!  tli.- 
AlaHka  ConniHTciai  ('(imiiany  •<  scliooni  r  .Malhew   Turner.   II.  Audtrsdn.   niahtci .  (or 
truns»hi|(meiit  at  lualaNka  foi  .San  Francisco. 

'  Gr.o.  ^^  A  III  )M  A.N. 

.I«si.s'(ni/   Trtofiiiiii  .tiiiiil. 

II.  Andi'.hson, 

Mauler  of  I  Vtxc/. 


Incloeiirewith  SpenidI  .liirnt   lilUliUnx  anniinl   report  f<ir  fSS I.        .,pphi<i  renipl.  t/Ko-n 

of  ISS:-!. 

Island  <>v  Si.  (iKoitoi;,  Sejilembrr  I'.i,  ISS-i. 
Thi-  is  t.i  cnrtilV  tliat  rf.lKO  fnr-scal  skins  liavf  this  .lay  l.ffn  slii|i|>.a  on  l.oar.l  tho 
Alaska  Coinnicrrial  ( 'oinpany's  Mchooni;!-  .)lolli(iv  Tiinnr.  II.  Aiidfison,  nuistcr. 

(iKo.  Wakdman, 
Asxi^tinil  Trcamirii  Aijeut. 
H.    ANDEiSbON,  Maf,ur. 


17-0 


ALAHKA    INDI'STRIES. 


hioloiurr  f'lih  Mpriial  Agent  lilidden'H  annual  rfporl  for  18S4. 

Cmmoliilalnl  annual  n /mrl  iif/nr  wuh  kiliiil  al  the  mat  itlaniln  of  Ala$ka  ditrinij  the  year 

endrd  .liilij  ■>!,  ISSI. 


WliKfr  iihil  wlii'ii  ktlli'il. 


KI.    I'AIII.   lltl.*Kll 

ihm:i. 

A'lKUi't 

S<'|ili'iiili«r    

(kllllllT     

NiiMMiilii  r 

liWM'iiilii-r 


riiim. 


I.S62 
I,  I2U 


viiiiiii; 
IruU. 


553 

5H7 
4WI 


Killiiil  fi>r  imtlvtm'  I'ikmI. 
—  —  —  •  -- 

SkiiiK  rnji'i'tnil. 

I  niter 


Skiim  Ml- 

I'cillll.  (•(•Jllt'll  ll' 


UlIV. 


SlBKuy.     (.'»i. 


•  iMIlllill  V 

Ma\      ■ 


1MN4. 


2i:i 

6tU 


552 

.'•.H7 


2i:i 


M6 


Ti.ImI 

M      llldllKIK   IHI.ANI), 

|nH:i. 


2. 9M2 


■J,  mo       •  6. 7K2 


4:t^ 

8S!t 


2.813 


1.562 

t  «3» 

U 


m 


m, 


II 

'  i 


i 


Vi 


Aii^iihI  . ... 
St^iritiiilM^r 
Ol'llilii.l  ..    . 
N'lveiiiliiT 


nflt) 

:i4ii 


2111 
54 


Miiv 


IMH4. 


171 
1)7 


ToUil 


-I- 


51 

lino 

511 


67 
1,5»2 


143 

8 

eou 

171 

MO 

54  1 


06 


Wl.irii  hikI  wlinn  killxl 


I, ("10 

Killril  liv  I  hi'  ll  HMi'i'H  I'lir  Nkiiia. 
MkliiM  ai  r"|itril.  iSkiuH  ir.iuctwl, 


380 


.004 


116 


.\«(;>>';.'iil(».. 


i'rliiKi. 


Si'CiiIlll     I'liiler 

I    (-luHII.  ttiZC. 


lulal  Tiilal 

I     Total       niiniliiT  niiiiiiior 

■    !   luiinlttT     iil'-^kins  of  himIn 

For       ot'NkliiH     ri'ifivi-il  kllli-d 

Cut.       iit)ifr     rt'jertcil.         Iiy  (hiring; 

rt'UMuiis.                      U'HhtM^H.  tliryt'iir. 


HT.    I-AI'I.  ||I|.;«III). 

Ilaluiiri      iiMr     aliliiriii'lil, 
l>.8;i       

! 

1 

1   1 

541 

105 

438' 

H23 

197 
049 

.■15,271 
■16,«15 



IKHJ, 
,\ll(;nHl 

1 

i 

1 

11 

422 

1.962 

1.540 

IH 

16 

5.52 

:::":::::  .::::.:::: :: 

5H7 

( >it(»lnr 

1   1)02 



1 .  07H 

H4I 

IHH4. 

' 

213 

Mm    .! 

I 

6411 

J  II  III! , 

34. 1)36 
V;  1.50 

K|,0K6 

330 
fi(U 

03 

37 

5   

22 

68 

5K 

35,  340 

.(ulv 

40,  H73 

'riiiiii 

l.OOU 

100 

27    



4,006 

H5,000 

8H,  8tl,'> 

Ml.  liBUIIi.      IHI.ANI'. 

imh;i. 

Aii(i;tiHi 

67 

54 
660 
340 

7^ 
31 

U3 

210 

1 1 

04 
000 

Oi  liili(.r  .    .     , 

1                 1 

ni' 

66 
5,  378 
9,242 

15,  VOO 

i                 1 

611 

IKH4. 
Mav 

' 

07 

,1  iiiir      ,, , 

5.  124 
H.SIO 

254 
423 

otT 

40 
27 

2  '          34 

4    

5,  454 

,liilv 

9,273 

'I'lltlll , 

13,943 

1          «^ 

6,          34 

1, 229 

16,  229 

ALASKA    INDUSTKIKS. 


171 


Tliv.iliink(i  Commerrial  Cmnpaiiii  in  ncioiinl  with   llic  Inihd  Stairs  al  St,   I'mil  /■'Iniiil, 

.llimkn. 


i««;». 


1)11. 


Aiit;iiHf  1.  To  supply  of  roal  for  iiat'vc  umc,  ;is  per  IcnHc,  10  Iomh;  of  (inli,  i()  ImrrrlH; 
oT  siilt,  "."i  sucks  lit"  KKI  ]ioiiii(1h  (Mcli;  ol  liiiircis,  i  I'lpiisitc  minilicr;  iii.'iintiiiuiH'i! 
of  Hcliool,  X  lUOUtllH. 

IHHU.  Clt. 

Aiinnst  !•.  My  Bnpi)ly  of  «'oal  for  niitivr  uni',  mh  pi-r  Icjihc,  |ii  tons;  of  t'lHli,  iKl  liiun-ls; 
ol  >iill,  75  siicks  of  l(K)  |)ouiiil"  racli;  of  liarrtils,  n-iiiiisito  niiiiibt'r;  niaiiilcuunco 
of  Hchuul,  S  iiiuulhs. 

St.  (Iconjf  Inland. 

1>»8:».  Dlt. 

Aii;;iist  1.  To  supply  of  coal  for  i.ativii  \\»,f.  as  r<'i|iiircil  liv  lease,  I'O  tons;  of  tisli, 
■_'(i  liarrcls:  uf  salt,  rci|iiiMitc  (|iiuiility  ;  of  liurruiN,  rcijiiiHite  nuiiiScr ;  iiiaiiitfiiaiico 
of  Miliool.  N  iiioiitLs, 

1«K».  UK. 

.Iiiiic  :iii.  Hy  supply  of  coal  for  native  iihc,  as  rwinired  by  lease,  20  tons;  of  lisli,  l'o 
liancls;  of  salt.  n'i|iiisitc  (|iiaiilit.v  ;  of  liarrols,  roinii.silo  number;  niaiiitcnancn  of 
Hcboul,  ^(  muutliu. 


1  HHVt. 
ISpi'vitil  Atjriit  Tiiifilc;  annual  report  for  ll^sr), 

St.  I'Aui,  Island,  Ala.-jka,  Jiili/  .n,  iss.-,. 

StT? :  I  liavc  the  lionor  to  .siihiiiit  iKMcwitli  my  it'ixut  as  TiviLsiii-y 
ii^iciit  ill  cliai'jif  of  tlic  seal  islands  of  St.  I'aui  and  St.  (icoi  "c,  Alaslca, 
lor  tiu'  year  endiiij;  witli  this  scalinj,'  .season,  which  dosed  on  the  JTtii 
instant. 

'I'lie  .Alaska  Coinnioreia.  ('onipany  coniincncod  killiii};  on  the  ;5d  of 
.Iiiiie  an*l  clo.sed  on  tiie  !-'7tli  ot  .Inly,  thus  seciiriiifi  their  full  quota  of 
Kio.lMKi  skins  iti  forty  one  work!-  j^  <lays.  The  operation  of  killing  and 
skinniiif:;  the  seals  was  closely  walched  by  ('a|itain  Loud,  assistant 
'rreasMr,y  ajjent,  and  myself,  and  the  skins  carefully  counted  in  the  salt 
houses  by  the  lessee's  a;;ent  under  tiie  sujiervision  of  Capt.  A.  I'.  Loud, 
•\nd  afjiiin  counted  aboard  the  le..s.see,\s  steamer  »S7.  I'diil  by  myself,  a.s 
.shown  by  my  statement  herewith  marked  A.  Vou  will  also  find  inclosed 
a  duplicate  certiticiite  of  the  steamer  »S7.  Paul  covcriii;^  the  shipments. 
I  have  also  furni.shed  one  to  the  captain  of  the  steamer,  and  Ibrwarded 
one  to  the  collector  of  customs  at  San  Franci.sco,  retaininu  one  in  this 
office. 

The  sealino'  season  closed  very  satisfactorily  on  both  islands,  the 
dri\e.s  were  ji'enerally  easily  ma<Ie,  and  with  but  slijiht  loss  from  over- 
driving. 1  have  made  a  careful  estimate  of  tlie  number  of  seals  of  all 
ajtes  killed  and  lost  from  all  cau.ses  durinj;-  th(>  killiuy  season,  and  am 
sure  1  he  w  astajie  w  ill  not  exceed  oOO,  or  one  half  of  1  per  cent.  This  loss 
seems  laifje,  but  i*^  is  unavoidable,  as  in  killinj;'  in  "  jtods"  it  sonetimes 
happens  that  a  blow  aimed  at  a  killable  seal  is  received  in  j'art  by  a 
yoimjister  suddenly  ])()))i»iii,u'  his  head  up.  Theso  accidents  J  estimate 
will  icsull  in  the  death  of  .'!()(l  seals  during  the  .season,  while  the  num- 
ber killed  or  dying'  on  the  drive  nill  reach  I'Od.  Of  the.se,  all  .seals  of 
acceptable  size  are  skinned  and  counted.  The  natives  have  been  cau 
fcioned  repeatedly  by  the  Treasury  agent  to  use  great  care  on  tae 
dri\  es,  and  in  all  their  woi  k  perlaining  to  the  taking  of  the  skins,  ami 
1  aui  gratilied  to  state  with  good  ellect,  as  the  number  of  cut  skius 


172 


ALASKA    INDUSTKIES. 


acccptwi  l)y  the  lessws  last  year  was  1,()(I0;  saiin'  (liis  year,  253;  umlpir 
si/.c  icjt'ctcd  last  year,  1(M>:  thin  year. !(;  (!ut  rejected  last  year, -7;  this 
year.  .">.'». 

Tlic  rookeries  are  nil  in  j^ckhI  eoiiditioii  and  well  filled  witii  hulls  and 
cows.  At  thisdatellie  i)ii|)s  are  ••  podding;  out '"  in  vast  numbers.  It 
is  llie  opinion  of  the  old  timers  here,  and  iiNo  my  Judjinu'iit.  tliat 
there  is  no  dimiiiuti<in  in  tli(>  iiiimher  <d°  seals  n.jilin^,  either  mah^ir 
lemah'.  by  leason  of  Ih*- niinual  -.lau;;hter of  l((0,()(l(>.  The  lessees  liinl 
no  diltlculty  in  s('(  111  int;  williin  the  lort.voiit'  days  they  worked  their 
I'uli  qiioiii  ol  i(i(».(l(M>  from  the  most  eoiiveiiient  rookeries,  There  is  one 
tine  I'ookery  of  baihelois  at  Scuitliwest,  I'oint  'Voiii  wliirh  the  lessees  do 
not  drive,  it  brin^  somewhat  ineonvenieiit  and  theie  bein^  a  surplus  ol 
killable  seals  lit  the  more  aeee'-sildr  rookeries.  There  is  a  larj;e  suri)lus 
ofohl  liiill^.  They  are  generally  late  arrivals  at  the  breediiij;'  rookeries, 
and  driven  olV  by  those  >tablish<'d  on  liie  ;ii'oiinds  who  provi^  them- 
selvi's,  aft  ei  hard  foil  j;  lit  battles.  I  he  most  eoiirajieoiis.  These  va  in  |uislied 
old  veterans  haul  up  with  thr  batdielors,  who  .ire  l<)oy<uinji  to  eontend 
with  the  old  masters,  or  assume  the  responsible  positiiui  of  heads  of 
families,  and  arc  of  neressity  taken  in  the  drives,  as  they  can  not  be 
sepaiali'd.  .Most  of  the  seals  killed  on  the  iliive  results  from  the  old 
bulls  layiiifion  them  and  sinotherin^  tiieii  lives  oi.t ;  they  are  also  obsti- 
nate and  savafi'e  in  the  •'  pod  > '  w  hen  tin-  men  are  killiii;;'.  This  lai'j^'e 
suri)lus  of  old  bulls  is  of  no  use  whatever  in  aiifimeiitinj;  the  seal 
product.  1  would  therefore  icspt  "tfully  recommend  that  '_',(»()(>  of  the 
oldest  bulls,  from  the  surplus  driven  up,  be  killed  next  year;  not 
exceeding'  l.-'itHion  St.  Paul  Island,  and  not  excei'diiiff  ."lUOoii  St. <leor^e 
Island,  at  liie  disiietion  of  the  Tieasury  ajifiit,  the  skins  to  be  taken 
by  the  natives  for  their  own  use  and  benc^lil,  but  without  any  coniiien 
sation  for  killing'  ami  skinning,  i  am  inlbrmed  by  some  of  the  old 
natives  that  under  Ifussian  ride  it  was  their  custom  to  kill  a  portion 
of  the  siiri>liis  bulls  every  live  years.  The  e\eess  of  old  bulls  is  the 
aceuniiilation  of  tifteen  years,  as  'he  Tr*  .isiiry  Department  has  not 
within  that  time  issued  an  order  lor  ;^  rede,  tioii  ot  the  number.  The 
skin  of  an  old  bull  is  of  little  oi  t.o  value.  Some  are  used  for  covering 
bidarahs  and  bidarkas  (boats)  and  as  coveriu};'  lor  the  natives'  blubber 
casks:  bi-youd  this,  so  far  as  I  know,  they  are  of  no  value. 

The  iiiana},'ement  of  the  .\laska  ('ommerciaH 'omiiany's  business  and 
its  manlier  of  dealinji'  with  the  natives  is  liberal  and  satisfactory. 
The  prices  chartied  the  nalives  for  all  necessaries  of  iife  and  douu^stic 
goods  are  reasonable  and  fair.  It  does  not  enciuirage  them  to  spend 
their  earnings  fiu'  articles  of  no  jiractical  use,  as  they  would  do  if  t  iiey 
had  tin-  o]>portunity.  but  ihe  eompany  su|»i>lies  their  store  with  a  full 
and  complete  stock  of  goods,  siieh  , is  any  i'aniily  might  reipiire  for  their 
comfort.  The  result  is  the  natives  have  a  large  sum  to  tticir  credit  in 
the  hands  of  the  company,  drawing  4  per  cent  interest.  I  lind  the  com- 
pany very  (careful  to  do  all  rcMpiireil  of  it  under  the  contract,  and  go 
even  further  than  leiiuired.  'i'he  natives  on  both  islands  are  all  coin- 
Ibrtably  housed,  well  paid,  well  fed,  and  liajipy.  The  sanitary  condi 
tion  of  the  villages  of  St.  I'aiil  and  St.  (leorge  is  very  goo<l,  the  moral 
and  physical  condition  of  the  people  good.  They  are  law-abiding, 
readily  obeying  the  orders  of  the  Treasury  agents.  Indeed,  it  would 
be  hard  to  lind  two  as  well  contented  and  well-behaved  coiiimunities  in 
the  States,  whci'e  they  have  the  benefit  o*' (civilization  and  relinement 
and  restraints  of  law.  They --eein  to  understand  perfectly  their  rela- 
■  tiou  to  the  Gorerameiit,  ami  respect  the  lawa  goveruiug  these  islauds. 


ALASKA    INDtTSTRIKH.  173 

Vital  sfatistirs  ol'  tlic  i,slain!s  tor  ISSI  and  18S.")  me  as  (nllows: 


Malr».     l-.lil:llcv..       r„l:il.        ■'*''"'        KiillM.    Ill-lllhs. 


Kt.  rnill: 

1HX4    .. 

Ihh:,  . , 

Ht.  <  i<HM  ^( 

I8N4.. 
IHHf... 


!ltl 
«7 


47 
Hi 


111  I  •.'W  ■)              HI               L'fl 

1411  'j:!;  ■>             III               ii; 

ti  I  III     

li.'i  III     7  4 


TAX   ON    «KI>H. 

T  bofj  to  siigficst  that  imder  prostMit  ordors  from  yrmr  Doparlmont 

■■'"■'" ...f  .......... 1,,  Ity  J  lucoiMitcrs  detailed 

I,  wlieii  i:i 

of 

II 

ir 

teiii- 

>ii 

■re 

id, 

lie 

Heei  ;iry  of  the  TieiiMirv;  woidd  tlie  lessees  lie  liable  to  i>a\  tiie  duty 
on  till'  eoiiiit  of  tiie  Treasury  aj;eiit  .'  <  »r.  in  other  woids.  does  not  the 
<  io\erniiie'it  niid«'r  that  onler  virtually  unaraiitee  the  sale  delivery  of 
tiie  skins  (so  far  as  the  duty  is  (oneerneti  to  the  collector  at  San  Fran- 
cisco '.  The  lessees,  haviiiif  a  {Greater  niowey  interest  in  the  skins,  \V(aiId 
no  donlit  use  every  ineaasat  their  eoiiuiiand  to  safely  deli\'er  thc^  skins 
to  the  colh-ctoi  ",  hut  I  suliinil  that  th(M-i>unt  nuide  at  tli(^  jxiint  of  ship- 
t  is  the  one  contemplated  by  secliou  I'Mi'.)  of  the  law  ui)on  which 

l,.v     ^.I.,...l<1     Iw,     ....wl 


nient 

the  la.\  slu)uld  be  paid. 


I'lttATKS. 


Three  marauding;-  vessels  have  been  sighted  this  season  cruisin/; 
around  t!ie  ishiiids  of  St.  (leorfje  ami  St.  I'auj,  and  have  iieeii  lieanl 
shoot  ill};  seals  in  tlie  water,  luit  so  far  have  not  landed  or  disturbed 
any  of  (ln'  lookeiies.  Tln^  Treasury  aji'eiits  on  both  islands  keep  \-\<i\- 
lant  watch,  but  owinj;  to  the  lonj>'  (listance  lictwecn  rookeries  it  would 
be  entirtdy  possible  for  a  \'esstd  to  land  a  crew  in  small  boats  and  make 
a  killing;'  on  shore,  and  yet  away  without  beiii},^  seen.  Captain  I-oud 
and  rjiyscK  have  made  two  ti'ips  by  boat  and  on  foot  to  points  where 
shootiii};'  was  reported  by  the  natives  to  have  been  heanl  without 
se«'in;4  the  vessels  or  any  evidence  on  shore  of  their  liavm^'  landed. 
Mr.  'i\  .1.  Iv'yan,  assistiint  Treasury  a^^ent  at  St.  (ieor^c,  watch<'<l  a 
s(d)ooner  off  Zapadnie  rookery,  St.  (ieorj;e,  for  ten  (l;iys.  Siic  remained 
in  sifflit  most  of  the  time,  and  sent  her  crew  out  in  small  boats  i<»  shoot 
seals  in  the  water,  but  was  so  far  out  at  sea  that  she  eonid  not  hv  r^Mched 
by  open  boat,  the  only  means  .Mr.  Wyan  had  at  his  command  with  wlneh 
to  ri'ach  the  pirate.  On  Sunday,  the  IL'tli  of  Jny,  while  the  lessees' 
steamer  l>i>t(i  was  on  her  course  from  St.  Michaels,  \ia  St.  i'aul,  to  Tna 
laska.  she  sij^hted  a  schooner  alxmt  \.'>  miles  from  St.  I*;iul,  and.  under 
orders  from  im^  to  ;.;<)  alonjiside  of  any  suspicious  craft  he  miulit  tall  in 
with,  he  stood  for  the  schooner  with  full  steam  ami  sail.     When  dose 


171 


AI-A8KA    INOUSTKIKS. 


t>ii()ii>,'li  to  Hcn  with  lii.s  {^lass,  luj  (lis(U)V(ir('(l  her  ennv  (itbont  20  iiiftii) 
v«My  hiisy  on  deck.  He  rotild  not  tell  whotlicr  tlicy  wcic  tlirowiii^j  ciirKO 
ovi'ihoiiid,. or  (lisjiosiiiji  (»r  it  otlierwisc.  The  iiicii  nil  <!isii|i|)('iii('(l  on 
the  nciircr  jipproiicli  of  tlit-  slciiint'r.  wliicli  was  not  Ion;;  foniin^^  iilou};- 
»\(U'  of  thr  schnoncr,  whose  nanic  was  painlcil  ont.  'I'iic  rnpiain,  when 
asked  it,\  Captain  Iloj;iie  of  tiie.  steaniei  /M;v(,  said  la;  was  Iroai  \'ie 
toria,  and  ;;ave  the  name  of  his  vessel  iis  the  Aililr,  \)\\\  Captain  IIomi« 
recoj,Mii/ed  iier  as  tiie  sunie  pira^iciil  seiioontT  eaptnicd  here  last  (all 
by  liientenant  laitz,  ot  tiie  revtMiii"  marine,  with  h«',r  crew  ashon^  kill 
injjseiils  on  tlie  lookery,  and  loiuliii^'  them  in  tlKMrhojits.  She  was 
taken  to  San  I'raneisco  by  liientenant  lait/,  who  landed  her  safely  ami 
delivered  her  to  the  autliorities.  The  voyii^ie  from  Inue  in  her  was 
a  very  dan},'erous  one,  and  the  exposure  to  wliieh  liieidenant  liiitz  was 
subjected  so  |)rosti'ated  him  and  shattered  liis  health  that  he  is  still  an 
invidid.  The  authorities  released  tiie  vessel,  and  set  all  handsl'ree;  ami 
(iui  (iovernment  relieved  Lieutenant  l-ntz  of  his  eonunission.  This  is 
the  reward  of  an  ollicer  in  thefailhful  diseharn'o  of  his  duty.  The  cap 
tidii  of  the  steamer  Dord  not  liavin}>' ;inj' authority  to  board  her,  hud  to 
let  lier  {jo  to  ply  her  uidawfiil  avocation.  The  captain  of  (he  sidiooner 
ac.know  led;icd  that  he  thought  the  l)<if<i  was  the  revenue  cuiter  ronrin 
when  she  started  forhim,iis  they  are  very  similiir  vessels.  The  pre-ienee 
of  this  marauder  the  next  seasrtn  after  bcin;;'  raptur(Ml  iiiid  rch  used, 
shows  tlie  boldness  of  her  cai)tain  and  his  disre;;'  ird  for  the,  laws. 

The  p(»sitiv(^  knowledj^e  of  these  marauding;' vessels"  iKncriiif,'  iiroiind 
the  islands,  constantly  violatiii},'  tla^  law,  brings  me  (o  a  mutter  bridly 
referr<'(l  to  in  my  letter  to  the  Dcpiirtment  dune  7,  vi/,  the  necessity 
for  better  protection  of  sc;il  life  in  these  waters  ad.iaceiit  to  the  seal 
(isheries.  The  Treasury  iiyt-nts  are  not  provided  with  a  crafi  of  any 
kind  in  which  to  puisne  ami  boaid  a  marauder.  We  K'>  after  them  as 
best  we  can,  by  boirowin^'  a  work  mule,  or  walk,  or  open  lowboat. 

One  Winchester  rillc,  which  1  brouj^ht  with  me,  is  the  only  ann  on  the 
isliind,  piovided  with  ammunition,  ready  for  biisint'ss,  slMuld  occasion 
reipiire  it.  It  is  a  mutter  of  j^reat  astonishment  that  these  islands  have 
for  lifteen  years  escaiK'd  a  raid  from  aerew  of  desperale  men.  I'.ecause 
th»\y  have  not  been  so  visited  is  no  arj^nnuMit  in  fa\<»r  of  liiture escape. 
A  vessel  with  a  crewof  L.'.">  wellarincd,  determined  men.  of  less  coura;ie 
than  a  Ki'i'K  ^^'ho  would  rob  a  jewelry  store  or  bank  in  New  York 
in  daylif;ht,  cuuld  land  her»^  any  time  and  '•  held  up"  the  do/.eii  white 
men,  unprepared  for  defense,  and  n'U!ii<l  thcMn,  while  5  ai'ined  men 
could  compel  all  the  natives  to  turn  out  and  load  aboard  the  vessel 
all  the  seai  skins  salted  in  the  company's  salt  houses;  then  ^o  to  St. 
(ieorfic  Island  and  do  the  same  thin;;.  The  i)irate,  liaviii;;'  secured 
the  whole  of  the  company's  \aluable  catch,  c<mld  >ail  olf  to  ('hina  or 
soiiK!  other  ]>ar(  ol  the  world  before  the  company's  vessel  could  };et 
here.  Siicli  a  thin;;'  is  j)erfectly  feasible  ami  tin'  ;;reat  wonder  to  me  is 
tliat  it  has  not  been  done.  The  exposed  jiosition  of  the  sv;\\  islands  and 
the  manner  of  the  ies.sees'  manajfcnu'iit  of  their  business  is  yearly 
l)e(',oiniii;;  better  known,  throuj,di  the  half  dozen  saih^rs  tlwy  briii;;' up 
every  >priu,u  to  work  as  laborers.  They  j;**  back  to  San  francisco  in 
the  fall  and  ship  on  vessels  of  all  characters.  The  immense  value 
(!?  1,00(1,(100)  of  the  skins,  salted  and  bundled  ready  to  ship,  olfers  a  rich 
prize  for  men  to  take  the  risk,  whi(;li  is  sli{,dit  compared  with  the  value 
they  would  secure,  and  the  jiecidiar  wording,'  of  the  law  would  excm])t 
the  lessees  from  the  paymentof  the  tax  (^-'(i^.odO),  as  it  is  computed  "on 
skins  taken  ami  shipped,"  instead  of  on  skins  taken  and  coniitcd  by 
the  Treasury  agent,  as  it  should,  iu  my  judyment,  read.     V\'hile  in  your 


ALAKKA    INDUSTItlES. 


175 


••oiitraot  with  tlie  Alaskii  romnnTciiil  (Jomitauy  you  (li»  not  afrioc  to 
jIuarantiH!  tln'rii  iijiaiiiHt  iii;iriiii«l(^rH,  yet  tlir  seal  lisliPiics  yield  to  tlio 
OoveniiiK'iit  a  revenue  ho  lai^e,  eoinpared  witli  tlie  tritlinj^  outliiy  for 
HiilarieH  of  'rreasiiry  a:,eiit«,  it  is  my  ju(lKiii«nt  tlie  (lovernineiit  inter 
estH  should  i>e  hetter  protected,  that  the  value  ol'  the  .special  reserva- 
tion in  these  isolated  and  nntre(|iiented  waters  may  not  he  impaired. 

I  therefore  strongly  nr|,'e  that  one  of  the  (lovernnient's  swiftest 
revenue  (jutters  \m  assijjiu^l  to  special  duty  at  the  I*ril)ilof  Islands, 
AhiMka,  to  eruise,  from  tlie  l.Mhof  .May,  around  the  islands,  and  remain 
in  these  waters  as  late  as  it  is  safe  I'm  iier  to  lemain  and  pi  to  winter 
harhor,  or  at  least  until  the-  seals  dif.ap|icar  in  the  fall.  The  presence 
of  a  cutter  as  indicated  would  dctci'  ;'i|  violators  of  the  law  from  ccun 
iuti  here  to  jily  their  Nusiness,  and  pn  :eet  seal  life  from  their  unlawful 
eiK'niies. 

The  natives  on  the  islands  of  St.  I'aul  and  Ht.  (reor<re  Inolc  ui)0ii  the 
Treasury  a{jent  as  their  friend  and  protector  as  apiinst  the  company 
employing' them,  and  to  him  they  apjteal  incase  of  any  ima;:inary  or 
real  jjjrievance,  lie  is  re;;arded  Ity  them  as  their  {governor  and  Jud^ie. 
It  will  not  1m^  for  theirs  or  the  (iovornment's  hest  intetests  that  either 
island  should  at  any  time  he  witlunit  a  resident  Treasury  a^'cnt.  I 
therefore  reeomnu'iid  the  appointment  of  a  third  assistant  Treasury 
a{jent(vice  11.  (i.  Fowler,  removed),  tun-port.  l>y  the  May  steai-ierof 
next  year,  to  the  Trcasitry  a>,'cnt  in  charjje  at  St.  Paul  Island,  for 
assignment  to  duty  and  instructions.  I  close  this  report  with  the  hope 
you  will  (!Oiicur  in  the  followin;,'  iccoininendations: 

(1)  The  tax  or  duty  on  skins  to  lie  i»aid  on  the  Treasury  ajjent's 
count. 

{'2)  That  l-',0(l(»  (.Id  hull  seals  l.c  killed  next  year. 

,.'{)  That  a  revenue  cutter  he  stationed  liere  to  cruise  around  the 
I'ribilof  Islands. 

(I)  The  appointment  of  a  third  aHsiHtant  Treasury  ap;nt. 
I  am,  very  resjiect fully, 

(ii'.o.  II.  TiN(JLK,  Treasurn  Agent. 

]Ion.  I).  .MANNrNfi, 

Secretary  of  the  TrcuHurj/,  \Viinliingt(in,  If.  C 


/;i(/i)«»c««  with  Sjtet  iai  -I'/cri/   I'iniilf'h  tuinual  ripnri  for  /A.V.',-    i/ij/i/iiH'/  riwiijitx.  i/iinta  of 

1S8.:. 

I~I,...\I>  Ol     SI.    PaII.,  AilifiiHt      ..   /,s,V.7. 
This  into  cM-tifv  tliat  h(,!i<,mI  fiir-H<(iil  «kii)H  liavn  thiH  da',  \wv\\  sliipjud  mi  iid.anl  tho 
Aliiska  (.'omuiiircial  I  Diiipaiiy'H  Htiiaiiicr  .S7.  /Vim/.  M.  C.  la'Mkiiii',  master. 

(iEO.    li!.    I'lXiil.i:.    Irvaiiirii  Afient. 

Ihi.ami   of  Si.    (iKolKiE.     IllflllUt  l.'i,  ISS'i. 
TliLs  Ih  to  cortity  tlial    1."(,(K)0  tiir-Hcal  Nkiiis  havt' tl:is  da.v  Ki'i>ii  HliipiHxl  mi  lioard 
tlio  Alaska  (.'oiiiiiiDr'i.il  (loiiijiany 'h  Hteamur  N'.  /'«>(/,  M.  ('.  I'rsKiiir.  niasfor. 

'I'.   I'.  Ryan,  .Ixsintant  ircamiry  Aijini. 


HIIPPLBMENIAL   UEl'ORT. 

Sin:  Since  writiiiKmy  leport  1  received,  by  steamer  .S7.  /V(///.ot.  yes- 
terday the  ollicial  rejxirt  of  T.  .1,  Ryan.  a.s8istant  Treasiiry  aji'ent  in 
chara^^  of  St.  (leor;;e  Island,  lo  which  I  respeetfulily  call  yonr  atten- 
tion and  which  I  herewith  tranhuiit,  retaining  a  copy  in  my  ttfliet.  as  I 


nc 


A^/A«|lf<^    fftUVHTRlKH. 


(locin  il  of  siillicii'ijt  itiijMf^i^i^;^  ft,  a8k  for  it  a  ciucful  ixniisiil.  lie 
{jives  ill  (Ictiiil  tin-  ftiffH^  k*:  hur-i  put  fortli  to  pnitcct  llu'  islaiMl  <»l 
St.  (H'oi':;f.  Not «  il  list  4i,)j^<ii|i|t|i.j|',  fh^  niiriiiidcis  liiiidcd  at  ii  iuM'cdiiijj 
rouiici y  iirnl  Uilicilmei  :y0f  **-,4i.'  <fcni\nii  f  heir sl< ins.  Ikctii riling  hitxT, 
liii'.N  Wfii'  iiis(i)\<n,<J  \/jf  'iff,  tly-fif)  hikI  «'S('ii|«mI,  Iciiviii;^'  bchiiid  iiU 
skins,  tiu'ir  cIiiIah,  «t«',  '(^  MkvtyA  xvcrt^  salti'd  in  tiic  conipaiiys  salt 
house,  wliicii  1  \\ill>;«'l  U,uK  f/rtfffr.stty  to  aciepi.  or  as  many  as  tiiey  will, 
on  next  year's  fjiiola.  iHi4  ^M  the  reiiKiindei'  snhjeet  to  your  order. 
Tlie  three  ve,-.M"is  we  ItiiVte  t^itM^]  this  year,  i'l  the  Healin;;'  husiness  in 
violation  of  iaw,  have  ^^)Mi'^|||lj/f^f\\y  sf(  nicd  a  valuable  ear^fo,  which  will 
induce  tlieni  to  ietuuj  jm/iI  yfki*i»  with  stroiif^er  forc«\  There  is  a  lirni 
in  San  l-iancis(<>  hU).j><>.vv«ii  ^^  )!,.(*  fhe  l»pneti<  iarics  of  these  uiarauderK, 
but  111  prove  it  is  the  t^HM^'^^^, 

I  anticipate  cuh.Mdeial.^  hff^hU-  protcctiti^'  the  rookeries  afier  the 
steamer  leaves  ii>.  bui  \i>  tU  4/<>  a4\  in  my  jtower,  with  the  limited  means 
at  my  eommand.  i<h<Mi)4  '  iii|l/fitin  Kealey,  of  tlie  revenue  cutter  7'. 
('<iririn,  arrive  hei«f,  a^  j«.  ^^■■i-:^H('«\,  within  a  short  time,  I  shall  inform 
him  fully  as  to  the  <>|>ervit)i^iMi'*  Af  fhf-  marauders,  with  the  hope  that  liiH 
orders  nuiy  ailmit  of  Jiit^ViMWiijf  i»ionrid  the  seal  islands  until  ili(^  seals 
are  i^one.  oiheiwi.se  tJiA-  ut^i4-»fm  sfalers  will  not  leave  as  lo;.g  as  they 
are  doin);  well. 

All  of  which  i.^  riJtoiM'A'd^iMlllly  ifl^fiTriittfd. 

(if.o.  II.  TiNOLK,  Treiisiini  .\<jiiit, 

'  Kiiiff  wiiliiiji  tliiH  J  ^iiv*-  '•M'4*A  M.  (it\<tr]iri  •,\m\,  fioiii  iicrHoiiiil  iiivcHtigatiiiii, 
tiiiil  that  tliK  iiiiuil)«j)  kiJlwt  v^^tAA^W  ViCt  by  from  200  to  300. 


Ar.ASKA    IM»I  HlltlKH. 


177 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


vV 


180 


ALASKA    INDUSTlilES. 


Inrlomire  with  Thigh's  ninnial  report  for  1885. 

St.  I'ai'i,  Island,  June  15,  1885. 
General  fund  Vmlvd  Stairs  to  Alaska  Commercial  Company,  Dr. 
To  labor  and  matoriMl  nirniBh.-.l  for  l.nil.linK  native  coal  ^''>^]^^J^\^]-]]'^'^]  ^150.00 


Island 
Keceivod  payment. 


Alaska  Commeucial  Comvany 
By  Leon  Sloss,  General  Agent. 


The  Alaska  Commercial  Company  in  account  with  the  United  .Slates  at  St.  Paul  Island, 

Alaska. 

\m. 

June  1,  1885.  To  balance  general-fimd  account  turned  over  by  II.  A.  «li'J<len'  ^^^^  ^^ 

ex-Treasury  a^eiit .....-.-  •  •  -  -  -  •  -  -  -  -  - 2. 00 

July  12,  1885.  Fine  imposed  on  Vicelu  Miiudegren 

206. 70 

56.70 

j!l'!'lS-'i^l!SXoii-accouurinrned-o;;r-i;:^-H;A.  Glidde,>,_ex-    ^^^  ^^ 

Treasury  agent  

June  15,  1885.  l!y  material  and  labor  for  native  coal  house - -     150. 00 

Balance 

20()  70 

building.  Gko.  K.  Tinui.k,  Ti-easiiri/ ^(/on«. 

RospecttuUy, 


,1 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


181 


Anil 


uiil  statemmit  of  J'ur  siah  hilled  on  SI.  Geonie  Island,  Alaska,  duriny  the  year 
July  SO,  ISS'i:  Inoloaiire  ici/Zi  Tingles  annual  report  for  1SS5. 


ended 


00 


md, 


1.70 
J.  GO 

3.70 
S.70 

8.02 


0.00 
6. 70 

l(i  70 

id  to 
1  the 

4Hian 

tit. 


Uatii. 


Itoiikery. 


Number  of  sonls  kilhd  ior 
iiativeH'  food. 


a    '« 
111     'yA 


Sept. 
Nov. 


1884.     I 
Auk.   •« 
U 
'Jl 

2  ! 
15 

3  ' 
5  I 

12  : 

2« 

188ri. 

May  1« 

June    1 

11 

IS 
17 
18 
22 
27 

29 
July     3 

7 
lU 


20 


East ; IB 

Noith ■»« 

East 64 

North i    00 

do 8') 

do 515.... 

do 482.... 

do 5o;t.... 

Stariv  Ateol 27 

1 

Nortli ,    40 

do 

Starry  Ateel,  Nortli,  aud  I 
East -  -  - 

/apaduio 

Starry  Ati^el  nud  North ...... 

Kast.' .-. 

Zapaduio - . 

Starry  Ateel,  North,  and  I 
East '... 

Zapadiiie -  • 

Starry  Ateel,  Nortli,  aud  I 
East !... 

Zapaduie 

Starry  Ateel,  North,  aud  | 
East ■ 

Zapaduio 

Starry  Ateel,  North,  and  [ 
East ■- 

Zapadiiie •  - 


li) 

48 

04 

60 

OU 

515 

482 

5C') 

27 


Skin 

jeft' 


sre- 
.d. 


515 

482 
603 


27:. 


NuinUf'.rof  seals ' 

,     killi'd  hy  les.  1 

sees  lor  skins. 


AKgregate. 


60. 
60. 


■o 

"i 

S 

% 

rt 

t 

a 

^ 

M 

rfl 

Ui 

35 


-•a 

3Vi 


19. 

48  . 
03 


40i     30 


750. 
775. 
802  . 
825i. 
414. 
1 
1,775,. 
401 1 . 

2,287. 
789. 

i 
2, 156] 
1,011  . 


2,218: 
4831. 


118 

750 
775 
802 
825 
414: 

1,  775' 
401 1 

2,287, 

789  j 

2,158 
1,011, 

2,  222' 
483 


27 

30 

118 

750 
775 
802 
825 
414 

1,77'- 
401 

2,287 
789 

2, 156 
1,011 

2,218 
483 


Total 1.500;  3181,818   1901,502    12014,804'      6  14,81015,000 


1 
6U 
60 

.'•)15 
482 
503 


19 

48 
04 
60 
69 
515 
482 
503 
27 

40 
118 

750 
775 
802 
825 
414 

1,775 
401 

2,  287 
789 

2,158 
i  1,011 

2,222 
j      483 


1,62810,628 


% 


182 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


ConanVidaiiil  (inniiiil  report  of  fur  »iritln  killed  til  the  Seat  hlaiids  of  .llanlii  dimiiij  tlie  year 
eiultd  ■Inlij  :.'7,  /SS.'):  hictomire  leilh  'I'huile'n  aininal  reitort  for  ISS'). 


Wlirii  1111(1  \\  lioic  killed. 


IJalaiioo  over  Rliipment  at  village, 
Aiifjust  1.  l.-'84 

lialam-c.  AiihuhI  1.  ^*M-  l''"Oil  at 
Northeast  I'oiiit  for  Matclinian. .. 


Killed  tor  natives'  I'nod. 


Killed  liy  the 
leHMeos  Inr 

HkJilS, 


Aft'icaate. 


Skins      Skins  ae- 
rejeeled.     eepted. 


I  I 


I    £ 


■t.  ii 
at'    5 


i       !    3 

■t.  t   <     s  ? 


St     ;- 


2      =^  -;  — 

•fi  '^  --J  r*         b- 


49!. 


40 
40 


40 
49 


,          i  i  I       I          i 

AiiKUHl,  1884 ■ '  538     5;i8     484       .''.4 ; ...\..\  54 

Sejilenilier,  1884 i  58«     .OSh ."i8H ....'  588. 

Oetoliei',  1884 '  58(1     580       5:)....       527 :....|  5'27 

Noveiiiljer,  1K84 -.  741'  a:t5  :i.  a7li     21':)       4."i       fi7 1 2.85:) 

December,  1884 1,0(141,1104     978       28 |....|  28 

iMav,  1885 i!22,    322     :i04        l.H \....\  18 


484 

"5:1 
22:! 
1I7() 
:i04 


538 

5SK 
5KII 

:!.07(i 

1,(104 
322 


,Iinie,  1»H5. 

.Inly,  1885 

l''<iiiiid  in  the  Halt  cuiintingout. 


.25,(176  32   4    fi       1(120,(108   2(1,018 
.  5U.  (i;)7  221 1  6  27:      32  56.  858   5(1,  89(1 


Tiitiil 2, 741  3,  307  0, 108  2, 040     145  1, 182  82,  702  253j  9  33 


4,110 


ST.   OKOHOH   I.SI,.\X11, 


I 


I      i 


84,990   80,100 


=  1  r 


Aiigiist,  1884 ' '     131'     131      130         1 ' |..;..[        1       1301  131 

Septeinlier,  1884 120     120 120 ....!     120 !  120 

November,  1884 1,500       271,527       271, .50(1 1....  1,500         27  1,.527 

.«av,1885 1      40l      40!      39         1 '...A        1         39  4(1 

■Tnne,  1885 ! 1 1 5,800 5,  SoO  5,860 

July,  1885 ! ! 8.944...'  6  ..I        6   8,944;  8,  O,™ 

Total 1,500     3181,818      1901, .']02     I'JO  14.804  . .      6  . .  1,  028  15,  000  10,028 


Total  for  botli  islands 4, 241  3, 085,7, 926  2.  230  1,  047  1, 302  97,  506  253  15  33  6, 738  99,  990^105,  7;t4 

. __^  _      J _._..i  ._.L.. __!_„,„. .. '      I ' . 

Pii]>8  belonging  to  nnti veH  .  4, 241 

Kojected  by  Alaska  Commercial  Company 1.497 


Total  . 


5,738 

Shipped  per  steamer  St.  I'ttul: 

St.  Paull.sland 84,990 

St.  George  Island l."i,000 


Total 99,990 

Alaska  < 'ommereial  Company  in  account  ivitli  the  I'liited  States  at  St.  I'aiil  and  St.  George 

Islands,  Al'taka. 


ST. 


DK. 

I'Afl,   ISLAND. 


Aug.  1,  1881 ;  To  snjiply  of  coiil  for  native  iiiso  a,s  rc(|iiire(l  by  loiis(>,  10  tons; 
barrels;  Hall,  ie<iiii.'<ito  (luantity  ;  barrels,  re(iiii8ite  nmnlier;  niaintoiianceof 
eiglit  iiioiitlis. 

ST.    (lEOlUlE  ISLAND. 

Au<j;-  1,  1884:  To  Riip])ly  of  coal  for  native  use  as  required  by  lease,  20  tons; 
barrels;  salt,  requisite  (jnantity;  barrels,  refiuisitoiiuaiber;  maintenance  of 
eight  mouths. 


li.sli,  60 
school, 


(isli,  20 
school, 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


18a 


CR. 


ST.   rAt;i,  ISLAND. 


Aug.  1,  1884:  By  supply  of  roal  for  native  use  as  roqnirod  l)y  lease,  40  tons;  tlsL,  (JO 

banols;  s^ilt,  ro(|iiinito  qiiautity;  Imrrels,  roiiiiisitcr  nuiiiber. 
May  (!,  18>^5:  Uy  maiiitoiiauco  of  school,  eight  months, 


ST.    (iKOI{(iK    ISLAND. 


Rt.  10,  1881 :  Hy  supply  of  ooal  for  native  use  as  required  liy  lease,  20  tons;  fish,  20 
barrels;  Halt,  reciuisite  (iiiantity ;  barreln,  retjiiisite  uiiniber;  niaiutenauce  of  school, 

ill  irltf  lii/kllf.1lM 


Oct 

eight  mouths. 


Special  Af/etit  Ryan;  preHminnry  report,  1885. 

Office  of  Svkoial  Acjent  Treasury  Department, 

tSt.  George  Island,  June  .b',  1885. 
Sir  :  I  luive  the  lioiior  to  report  tliat  I  arrived  at  tbi.s  station  on  tlio 
29tli  ultimo,  (iiuliiig-  Assistant  Agents  Ooorge  Wardnian  and  II.  (1. 
Fowler  on  duty.  1  at  once  took  charge,  and  have  till  this  date  devoted 
my  time  during  business  hours  to  an  examination  into  the  condition 
and  management  of  alVairs.  I  take  pleasure  in  stating  that  I  find  the 
interests  of  the  (lovernraent  carefully  guarded  and  conducted  on  busi- 
ness principles,  and,  so  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  observe,  without 
affording  any  grounds  for  the  charges  of  frauds  so  freely  made  .against 
the  Alaska  Commercial  (Jompany.  While  it  is  possible  1  may  be  forced 
to  change  my  mind  as  to  this,  for  the  present  I  feel  it  to  be  my  duty  to 
report  the  situation  of  affairs  as  I  now  see  them. 
Very  respectfuUv,  yours, 

T.  r.  Ryan, 
Agent,  Seal  Islands. 
Hem.  Daniel  aMANNiNO, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


Assistant  Agent  liya»:  ■innual  report  for  18S5  for  St.  (leorije  Island. 

Office  of  Special  Agent  Treasury  Department, 

St.  George  Island,  July  oO,  1885. 

Sir:  1  herewith  hand  you  statement  of  the  season's  seal  killing  on 
the  island  of  St.  (ieorge — 15,000,  the  lawful  quota  for  this  year.  I  am 
pleased  to  be  able  to  report  that  the  season  (excepting  the  poor  pro- 
te(!tion  from  marauders)  has  passed  off"  in  a  most  satisfactory  manner, 
as  you  will  see  in  part  from  statement  that  the  work  of  driving,  killing, 
and  skinning  has  been  done  with  j)atience  and  care — but  2  under  size, 
19  perished,  and  none  cut.  There  have  been  no  complaints  worthy  of 
mention  made  by  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company  or  by  the  natives 
(one  againscthe  other),  and  your  assistant,  .so  far  as  the  interests  of  the 
Government  are  concerned,  has  had  no  fault  to  find  with  either,  for  both 
have  most  willingly  complied  with  every  regulation  controlling  the  seal 
interests  and  the  welfare  of  the  natives. 

From  the  Ist  of  July  on  we  have  had  more  or  less  annoyance  from 
the  i)reseiice  of  a  schooner  prowling  around  at  a  distance  and  at  times 
coining  near  East  and  Zapadnie  rookeries.  We  kept  a  watchman  at 
East  some  of  the  time,  and  at  /ajjadnie  all  the  time,  night  and  day, 
but  the  final  discovery  of  their  deviltry  was  not  made  till  .Inly  20  (the 


184 


AI>A»KA    INDUSTRIKS. 


last  (lay  of  Healing),  wln-ii  iUf.  I  'iifihiHkii  men  on  tlicir  way  to  Zai)ii(lnio 
with  a  wliiihiboat  to  Im'  \i'.t'l.  (Ii«;n^  (or  flic  uso  of  the  (ioverniii'iit  (illieer 
roj)oit('(l  hayint;  s«'<mi  iiu^ii  iiini  hoafM  on  tlie  beach  under  tlie  iiifjh  clilVs 
near  Starry  A tcel  rool<<;i'y,  I  ifnrncdiiitely  started  for  that  point,  send- 
ing the  men  wlio  broiit^Jit  tlw^  bout  back  overland  to  the  village  for  arms 
and  word  to  .Mr.  Moigan  of  thi;  com|(any  to  meet  nie  at  tlie  rookery, 
wiiicli  he  (thougii  Hi<k;  piomjitly  did,  and  after  a  consultation  con- 
cluded to  send  to  tiic  vjll;ij{e  for  colors  and  a  boat,  on  the  arrival 
of  which  I  entered  and  w«nt  around  ami  umler  the  cliffs  to  the  spot 
where  the  men  had  mh'm  the  marainlcrs  a  few  hours  before.  In  the 
meantinu^.  .Mr.  .M<ngaii  uttil  l>r,  fiUt/  of  the  conipany  hiid  gone  on 
reconnoitering,  hojiing  to  be  able,  to  (lank  iind  hold  the  rascals  till  I 
could  reach  tliem,  but  they  found  it  impossible  to  get  down  or  even  see 
over  the  high  cliffs,  which  arc  of  a.  most  rugged  and  rugged  shape,  and 
were  forced  to  retuin  to  ;«  |»<»int  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain  touching 
the  sea  and  about  the  coriiiiicricing  jioint  of  Starry  Atcel  rookery,  and 
follow  the  rough,  narrow  iM^acli.  We  met  at  the  ]»oint  indicated  by  the 
men,  but  fouml  the  maratKlers  gone,  leaving,  however,  evidence  enough 
of  their  presence  there  in  I  lie  .shape  of  the  skinned  carcasses  of  from 
four  to  live  linndred  fen)wl«  (M'hIs,  They  hid  the  carcasses  in  eaves  and 
under  rocks  with  mu<di  hiiHit:  We  al.so  found  dead  i)ups  in  every  direc- 
tion. We  returned  to  the  village  very  tired,  for  I  had  tramped  over  10 
miles  (with  jtooi'  legfty  over  (rio.s.H  bed,  traj)  holes,  and  rocks,  and  Mr. 
Morgan  was  not  well  'not  being  abh-,  to  be  on  hand  foi'  the  last  day's 
sealing),  so  the  next  lUiy  we  f»nt  in  resting,  feeling  conlident  tlnit  the 
marauders  would  not  d'fre  to  put  in  an  a]»])earance  there  again  +',:■  at 
'east  a  few  days,  foi"  th«y  knew  that  our  men  saw  them. 

Early  on  the  morninj;  of  the  22d  I  sent  watchmen  to  every  rookery 
that  could  b(!  in  any  danjrer,  and  to  Starry  Ateel,  the  chief,  with  several 
men,  with  instructionis  to  look  *>vcr  the  ground  and  sight  the  best  yioint 
for  a  rock  house  as  a  l<ea<J<(narters  for  watchmen  in  protecting  that 
rookery.  In  an  hour  or  w>  one  of  the  men  returned  witli  the  news  that 
the  marauders,  with  <«'o  l»oals,  were  on  the  beach.  We  got  there  in 
"double  (juick.''  We  wnt  five  (Jnalaska  men  in  charge  of  an  expe- 
rienced seaman  by  wat«;r,  but  iht;  sea  was  too  rough  for  his  crew  and 
forced  him  to  leturn.  When  we  got  there,  our  game  had  again  Hown, 
leaving  behind  them  I J2  Heal  skins,  all  their  seal  clubs,  one  jiair  over- 
alls, one  woolen  bloiiw,  and  one  Chinese  handkerchief.  The  skins  I 
brought  to  the  villagdi  and  »aUed  down  in  the  com]>any's  salt  house. 
But  for  the  failure  of  our  exi»editi(ni  by  sea  we  should  have  captured 
the  whole  party. 

Starry  Ateej  rookery  liana! ways  been  eonsidered  as  safe  from  maraud- 
ers. The  eomi)any  |M'.ople  and  natives  seemed  much  surjuiscd, but  it  is 
your  assistant's  opinion  that  the  rookery  has  been  robbed  for  years. 
The  marauders'  manner  of  taking  seals  from  this  island  has  been  to 
kill  the  seals  and  take  them  to  their  caaft  to  be  skinned,  but  in  this  (;ase 
they  became  overcon('n)<ei,f,  and  bf)ld  ai'd  concluded  it  would  be  safe  to 
start  a  killing  and  HkniuUiu  ground  witiiin  ."iOO  feet  of  the  rookery. 
lu  tbis  they  have  blunderc^C  for  now  that  it  is  known  it  can  and  will 
be  protected  from  work  <rf'  triis  kind  in  the  future.  1  have  under  way 
at  all  the  rookeries,  thought  to  be  in  any  danger  from  marauders,  stone 
and  sod  houses  at  UH-.titUiun  that  will  aid  (towardly  watchmen  in  doing 
their  duty.  The  tnu-ouil  day  after  this  the  night  watchman  at  Starry 
Ateel  repor*  d  Hwiun  a  Hcfiooner  about  .'5  o'clock  a.  m.  far  olf  to  the 
westward;  that  she  hswl  wnt  nj*  three  signal  rockets  and  shortly  after 
disappeared.     1  Uiimt'tliaMy  got  four  of  the  natives  and  two  of  the 


ALASKA    INDUSTHIE8, 


185 


<:ompiiiiy  incii  in  awlialeboat  and  started  (or  the  woHt  end  of  the  ishmd, 
a  diHtancu'  of  over  8  miles,  hopinff,  from  the  rejmrted  display  of  fire- 
works, to  find  marauder.s  near  there  needing  our  attention.  \Ve  found 
no  Hijjns  of  tiiem  iinlil  returning,  when,  in  stopping  at  all  suspicious- 
looking  H])ots  under  tlie  clitts,  we  eanie  on  a  very  (ioinfortable  plaee 
f«»r  Huctli  people,  about  lA  miles  from  the  west  end  (which  we  named 
Pirate  IFarbor),  where  wo  found  every  evidence  of  their  i»resence  but 
a  Hhort,  tinui  before,  in  the  shape  of  fresh  ashes,  a  hat(;het,  a  silk  hand- 
kerchief, seal  clubs,  and  a  broken  oar.  On  returning  to  the  village  I 
got  word  from  the  Zai)adnie  watchnuui  that  a  snnill  boat  burning  a 
blue  light  had  ])assed  toward  tlie  west  eml  about  I  o'clock  that  morning, 
which,  no  doubt,  was  looking  for  those  at  Pirate  Harbor.  During  this 
time  we  Inive  «)ften  wished  for  a  revenue  cutter  to  make  her  ap])ear- 
ance,  but,  of  course,  they  were  "foolish  wishes."  You  will  excuse  the 
length  (»f  my  report  in  regard  to  marauder  hunting,  but  I  have  thought 
it  my  duly  to  iniorm  you,  as  near  as  possible,  as  to  the  i)oor  protection 
and  the  work  required  to  i)rotect  the  seal  interests  of  thus  island.  The 
killing  of  seals  for  food  after  the  20th  of  August,  I  suggest,  should  be 
proliii>ited.  It  looks  to  me  as  an  unnecessary  waste.  1  find  that  out  of 
4W  seals  killed  in  the  latter  part  of  August  and  in  the  month  of  Sep- 
feirdjcr,  in  the  years  1882, 1.S83,  and  1884,  .'552  were  rejected  as  stagy 
Mkins,  to  be  cut  up  ami  destroyed.  It  will  be  no  hardship  for  the 
natives  to  save  suljicient  food  out  of  a  killing  along  in  the  middle!  of 
August  to  supply  their  wants  till  the  pup  killing  season,  about  the  last 
of  October. 

Ab(»ut  the  first  thing  that  impressed  itself  on  my  mind  shortly  after 
coming  hero  was  that  the  natives  were  not  only  treated  well,  but  in  a 
measure  spoiled;  the  foundation  of  which  is,  in  myjudgment,  the  system 
that  allows  twelve  months'  pay  for  less  than  two  months"  work.  There 
is  no  objection  to  the  sum  they  receive,  but  for  that  sum  they  should  bo 
made  to  render,  like  other  laboring  jteople,  a  year's  service;  and  to  dis- 
courage idleness,  ami  to  encourage  self-reliance  and  daily  thrift,  they 
Mlif»uld  be  hired  by  the  month  and  paid  by  the  month,  v.ith  a  contract 
(or  a  year's  employment  during  good  behavior,  under  a  system  that 
would  give  them  in  the  year  the  same  amount  of  money  they  get  now. 
I 'nder  the  present  system  it  is  next  to  impossible  to  induce  them  to  do 
anything  (outside  of  sealing  and  a  little  rookery  watching)  in  the  way 
of  making  themselves  more  comfortable.  If  they  were  likely  to  be 
called  out  to  do  a  day's  work  now  and  then,  at  any  time  during  the 
year,  many  improvements  to  their  advantage  would  be  made  that  under 
the  j)reHent  system  of  work  and  pay  will  never  be  nuide. 

.Hii:ce  the  close  of  the  sealing  season  the  rookeries  show  that  from 
4,(MM»  to  0,000  more  seals  could  have  been  taken  this  season  without 
injury  to  future  supply. 

The  Alaska  Commercial  Company  have  complied  with  all  the  require- 
ments of  lease,  up  to  this  date,  for  the  year  188;">. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

T.  F.  EyAN,  Agent. 

P.  S. — I  wish  to  add  that  Captain  flealy,  of  the  Corwin,  informed  me 
that  lie  had  written  the  Department  o\  cr  a  year  ago  requesting  that  ho 
Mhould  be  pernutted  to  leave  a  lieutenant  and  two  men  ou  this  island, 
but  that  his  request  had  not  been  even  replied  to. 

T.  l'\  E. 
Hon.  (t.  R.  Tingle, 

Upecial  Treasury  Agent  of  Seal  Islands. 


186 


ALASKA    INDUSTKIE8. 


Special  Af/ent  Tingle;  Niq)plcmcntary  report  for  1S8r>. 

St.  Pai'l  Island,  Alaska,  Sepfcniher  2',,  lfiRr>. 

Sir  :  Siiico,  my  last,  report  nothing  of  unu.sual  intcro't  lias  transpired 
on  the  Seal  islands.  One  marauding  sciiooner  only  put  in  an  appear- 
ance oil'  tlie  rookeries  at  Northeast  Voint  sinee  the  steamer  left.  I  was 
promptly  on  hand,  prejjared  to  resist  her  landing.  Seeing  she  was  dis- 
covered, flicy  put  to  sea  and  Inive  not  yet  returned.  The  revenue  (uilter 
Corwin  arriv<'d  here  on  the  11th  instant  fron.  the  Arctie,  and  has  been 
cruising  around  the  islands,  making  a  trip  as  far  as  I'ualaska,  returning 
to  this  island  at  1  ]).  m.,  2'M  instant.  Cai)tain  llealy  reported  to  nie, 
"No  marau'lers  in  sight." 

I  have  visited  all  the  rookeries  on  the  island  this  month,  in  company 
with  the  Alaska  (Commercial  Company's  agent,  and  lind  them  in  good 
condition.  It  is  the  opinion  of  the  agent  of  tln'  company  and  natives 
that  there  was  never  as  nuuiy  seals  on  the  island  any  former  year  as 
this.  I  should  say  ;J,(M)0,0()0  pups  would  be  a  low  estimate  this  year, 
based  on  the  I'^lliott  plan  of  computation. 

1  inclose  Mr.  Clias.  H.  Townsend's  receipt  in  duplicate  for  fur-seal 
specimens  for  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  as  per  your  letter  May  1, 
1885. 

I  am,  very  respectfully, 

Geo.  R.  Tingle, 

Treasury  Agent. 

Pemonal. — I  think  it  best  I  should  see  you  in  person  next  fall  or 
winter  and  place  you  in  possession  of  all  the  i)oints  experience  has  dis- 
closed to  me,  before  the  time  for  making  a  new  contract  arrives,  with  a 
view  of  securing  to  the  Government  the  full  benefit  of  this  valuable 
reservation,  without  leaving  a  chance  for  wastage. 
KespectfuUy, 

Geo.  R,  Tingle. 
Hon.  C  S.  FAiRcniLD, 

Astiistant  tSecretary  of  the  Treasury. 


1886. 


Special  Agent  Tingle;  annual  report  for  1886. 

Office  of  Special  Agent  Treasury  Department, 

St.  Paul  Island,  Alaska,  July  31,  1886. 

Sir:  I  herewith  transmit  my  report  of  the  operations  of  the  Seal 
Islands  for  the  past  year,  and  up  to  the  close  of  this  sealing  season.  I 
also  inclose  statement  of  daily  killing  of  fur  seals  marked  "A,"  and 
consolidated  statement  marked  "13,"  also  steamer  St.  Fatifs  receii)t 
for  91),98(>  seal  skins  shipped  marked  "C,"  a  duplicate  of  which  receipt 
is  on  file  in  this  oflice,  one  sent  to  the  collector  of  customs,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  one  left  with  the  captain  of  the  steamer  St.  Paul. 

The  work  of  sealing  was  satisfactorily  iierformed  by  the  natives;  in 
fact  a  decided  improvement  has  been  made  in  their  killing  and  skinning 
over  former  years.  A  comparison  of  the  daily  statements  for  past 
years  will  show  a  large  saving  of  "  rejected  "  (small,  cut,  and  stagey )  skins. 
The  saving  made  in  slaugUteriug  seals  last  fall  during  the  stagey  season, 


ALASKA    INUUSTUIK8. 


187 


for  native  food,  was  accoinpli.sliod  witlioiit  any  injury  whatever  to  tiic 
natives,  as  all  liad  an  abundancte  of  iiicat.  The  reduced  iiuiid)er  of 
rejected  sivins  this  year  is  tlie  lesult  of  constant  watclifniness  and 
peVeiiijitory  orders  of  your  agents  that  seals  sliould  not  be  iiilied  below 
the  size,  as  was  claimed  luuetofore  could  not  be  .ivoided,  l';xperien<'e, 
however,  has  tauf,Oit  us  tliat,  with  the  exercise  of  a  little  ])aticnce  and 
(•are  when  chibbiu},'  a  ])od  of  seals,  but  few  niistalves  need  be  made. 
The  nnnd)er  of  seals  ])erished  on  the  drives  this  season  did  not  exceed 
100,  wliieh,  ('(Uisiderinj;'  the  vast  nuud)ers  driven,  is  insionilicant.  The 
sldns  of  all  killables  ])erisliing  were  taken  and  salted,  which  leaves  tin; 
actual  loss  from  all  causes  not  excieediu}^  oO,  extilusive  of  the  rejected, 
as  shown  in  Statement  A,  or  less  tiian  one-tentli  tiie  number  last  year. 

The  drives  and  general  conduct  of  the  business  was  satisfactory  this 
year.  Tiie  natives  show  a  marked  impiovement  in  their ])romi)tness  to 
obey  all  orders,  and  excel  in  tlieir  work;  they  readily  acknowledge  the 
authority  of  the  Government  oHicer  and  n(!ver  show  any  dissatisfaction 
with  his  decisions  when  brought  before  him  for  any  olfense  committed. 
I'Mve  iiersoMS  only  were  summoned  before  the  Treasury  agent  on  tliis 
island  during  the  ])ast  year  who  on  examination  were  i)roven  guilty  of 
the  cliarges  preferred,  and  tines  aggregating  .SO.")  imposed  on  them  for 
otVenses,  as  shown  in  the  statement  of  the  general  fund  account 
marked  "!),"  herewith  inclosed.  Trans])ortation  from  the  islands  and 
lines  are  the  only  modes  of  punishment  at  Inind.  I  am  hai)])y  to  say 
no  t>nenHe  worthy  of  tiie  former  has  been  committed.  A  snndl  lock  up 
or  .jail  on  each  island  would  have  a  very  salutary  effect  on  the  i)eoide, 
and  in  my  oi»inion  would  do  much  more  than  lines  to  accomplish  reform. 
The  buildings  could  be  provided  at  a  cost  of  not  nuue  than  iJtlOO  each, 
and  while  they  might  not  be  occupied  by  three  persons  in  a  year  their 
existence  would  bo  a  constant  reminder  of  the  strong  arm  of  the  law. 

The  sanitary  condition  of  the  two  islands  is  very  good  and  the  health 
of  the  natives  for  the  past  year  has  been  aljout  as  usual.  They  are 
not  generally  robust  or  long  lived  and  in  almost  every  case  adults  die 
with  consunii)tion,  the  result  of  imprudence.  For  the  past  fifteen 
months  there  has  not  been  a  single  case  of  sickness  among  the  white 
persons  on  either  island;  in  fact  all  are  in  robust  health. 

The  census  taken  on  the  Ist  of  January,  1880,  was  as  follows: 


Island. 


SI.  I'liiil  ... 
St.  Gcorgu. 


Males. 


<      £ 


S8 
30 


27 
10 


5 


Females. 


76 
37 


S  f     "=  i 


47  j 
23  ! 


1 


k      . 

.y-a 

i 

S.Z 

¥ 

oc 

H 

1  ° 

1 

237 

37 

s 

14 

112 

10 

7 

14 
4 


The  ice  closed  in  around  St.  Paul  Island  on  the  Gth  of  February  and 
finally  disappeared  on  the  1st  day  of  May.  The  coldest  day  of  the 
winter  was  5°  below  zero  and  the  warmest  this  summer  so  far  was  54° 
above.  We  had  a  godsend  on  the  2;id  of  January,  when  the  cutter 
Hush  came  to  anclior  and  landed  all  our  mail  u])  to  the  date  of  her 
departure  from  San  Francisco,  January  2,  being  the  first  instance  on 
record  of  a  vessel  reaching  this  island  at  that  season  of  the  year. 

The  natives  not  wishing  to  use  any  bull-seal  skins  for  clothing  or 


188 


ALAHKA    INM)UHTI{IK8. 


bouts  tliis  yf'iii',  iiiid  tlicic  ht^ii;;'  no  iiutliority  of  law  for  killiiijf  tluf  nnr- 
]>liis  old  l)iills  s|M>k('ii  of  ill  my  report  of  lust  yciir,  iioiif  Wfiii  killed, 
mid  with  iiii  additioiiiil  year's  cxiterifiHC  I  would  not  now  recoininend 
tlieii'  beiiiff  killed,  as  by  proper  care  tliey  are  handled  in  the  driviiH 
without  deliiiiient  to  the  yiunifjer  seals  and  in  the  water  may  be  Hunie 
proteetioii  to  the  yoiin;;  seals  af^ainst  their  natural  yuoiKies. 

THK    lll!KEI)IN(}    UOOKEUIKS. 


Mr.  Elliott  embraced  in  ;>is  re])ort  of  1.S74  a  measiireinciit  by  him  of 
the  bieediiiff  rookeries  on  thi.^  island,  made  .Uily  10  to  IH,  IS72,  sincie 
which  time  no  nicasnrcmcnt  has  been  made  so  far  as  the  records  (»f  this 
oiric)^  show.  OeemiiiK'  it  <d"  {^leat  importance  that  the  Department 
should  bo  in  possession  of  the  best  information  as  to  the  pres(!nt  eon- 
dition  of  the  lookeries,  1  inadc^  a  thoroiijih  measurement  of  all  on  this 
island,  commencing  on  May  .'!,  before  the  bulls  hauled  up  on  the  land, 
when  ail  alisolntely  correct  measurement  could  bo  made. 

In  nmking  my  mi'asur<'ments  I  was  assisted  by  Dr.  Ij.  A.  Noyes  ((Jap- 
tain  l.oiid,  assistant  Treasury  agcnl,  not  havinj;'  returned  to  the  island) 
and  four  of  the  best  informed  natives  as  to  the  Ixmndariesof  the  breed- 
ing rookeries.  In  July.  mIioii  the  rookeries  were  fullest,  we  verili(!d 
our  work  by  obseivations  and  found  the  ground  imdiuled  within  our 
lines  fully  covered,  8oiiie  of  the  rookeries,  viz,  Northeast  Point,  Tol- 
stoi, (iorbotcli.  and  I'ohivina,  were  densely  ])acked,  coveiing  more  area 
than  my  stalenient  shows,  while  others  were  not  so  closely  packed.  I 
do  not  agre(^willi  Mr,  Mlliott  in  his  assignment  o(2  feet  sipiare  to  each 
seal;  at  this  date  it  is  not  enough.  I  inclose  my  statement,  marked  K, 
as  com]>ared  with  Mr.  I'illiott's,  which  on  his  basis  gives  us  now  on  the 
bleeding  rookeries  f),!  ISi-^OO  seals,  an  increase  simse  1872  of  '2,l'.il ,r>'A), 
i  lliink  the  (talculation  of  187.!,  as  well  as  that  of  188(i,  would  stand  a 
reduction  of  one  fourth  in  aggregate  number  of  seals  and  be  nearer 
the  true  number  than  our  llgures  show.  Statements  at  best  are  merely 
apjiroximate  estimates,  but  in  the  absence  of  any  absolutely  corretit 
method  of  arriving  at  the  count  they  serve  as  a  guide,  Freciuent 
inspection  of  the  rookeries  during  last  season  and  this  shows  a  decided 
increase  of  cows,  with  an  am])le  supply  of  bulls.  The  same  report  is 
also  made  by  the  assistant  Treasury  agent  in  charge  of  St.  George,  on 
which  islaiul  I  was  not  able  to  obtain  measurements  of  the  rookeries 
this  spring,  but  will  do  so  next  and  forward  the  result  with  my  next 
rejiort. 

So  far  this  season  we  have  sighted  but  one  schooner  off  this  island 
supposed  to  be  sealing.  She  did  not,  however,  come  in  close  enough 
to  disclose  her  real  character. 

At  St.  (leorge  an  attempt  was  made  by  marauders  to  land  for  the 
])uri)ose  of  killing  seals  on  a  rookery,  but  were  driv<.'n  off  by  shots  fired 
at  them  by  order  of  the  ollicer  in  charge,  as  directed  by  nu*. 

At  1.30  p.  m..  June  L'O,  the  revenue  cutter  Conrin  landed  here. 
Captain  Abbey  reported  having  boarded  the  schooners  Vanderbilt, 
('aptain  Myers;  Sicrr((,  Captain  Lee,  and  Cily  of  San  Dieijo,  the  lirst  two 
about  20  miles  from  Unalaska  and  the  last  40  miles  from  St.  George 
Island,  He  took  from  the  Sierra  4  riHes  and  1,110  rounds  of  fixed 
amnumition,  and  from  the  City  of  San  Dieijo  0  rifles  and  oOO  rounds  of 
ammunition.  The  last-named  vessels  had  seal  skins  aboard  (salted)  and 
|)lenty  of  salt  and  seal  clubs,  showing  clearly  they  iuteiuled,  if  oppor- 
tunity offered,  to  land  on  the  rookeries.  Captain  Abbey  notified  the 
captains  of  the  trading  schooners  that  if  again  caught  in  the  waters 


ALASKA    INDU8TUIES. 


180 


with  iulditioiiiil  seal  skins  on  boiird  ii<^  would  sei/i^  tlio  vessels  and  car- 
goes. ()i,  his  arrival  iiere,  liiJtli  instiiiit,  ho  n-portcd  liav  iiij,'  sci/cd  llio 
schooner  Son  IH<ii<>,  not  far  from  rnaiaska,  sealin;;,  havin;;'  some  I'rcsli- 
Hkinncd  seal  skins  on  hoard  and  ."tTl  In  salt,  1 75  of  which  iiad  been 
duhltcd.  Anion{>-  the  skins  were  sonn-  small  imps,  this  year's,  showinj-' 
coneliisively  tln^  marauder  had  landed  on  a  rookery  on  St.  (leorfje,  as 
the  pups  inive  not  yet  fjone  in  tin-  water.  'I'lie  Stiii  Ifit'i/o  is  an  old 
ollender  and  was  captured  once  on  (HIer  Island,  sealiiifj.  (Captain 
Abbey  proposes  to  hand  her  over  to  the  (M^il  authorities.  Siie  is  at 
j)resent  in  custody  of  the  deputy  n\arshal  al  Cindaska. 

This  commencement  of  captures  will  do  mnch  toward  breaking  up 
tlie  marauding  business  about  the  islands  this  season;  indeed,  the 
Coririn^H  presence  here  has  undoubtedly  kej-t  olf  (|uite  a  tuct  of 
schooners  and  destroyed  their  uidawful  l)iisiiiess  hereabouts.  With 
the  cutter  Ihar  to  renuiin  until  fall,  alter  coming  out  of  the  Arctic,  se.d 
life  will  be  jn'otected  from  pirates  this  season.  It  is  tlie  oidy  means  by 
which  good  can  be  accoinidishcd  in  that  direction.  I  do  earnestly  hope 
the  l)ei)artment  will  seethe  necessity  of  keeiiing  a  cutter  around  the 
lur-seal  islands  every  season  from  the  1st  of  .luiU' to  the  1st  of  November. 

Mr.  .1.  I'.  Manchcstei',  assistant  Treasury  agent,  reported  to  me  in 
person  at  this  island  on  .June  1-'.  and  was  assigned  to  duty  on  .St. 
tieorge  Islaiul,  as  i)er  your  instructions.  .Mi'.  Manchester  informed  me 
be  was  appointed  with  the  understanding  that  he  could  return  to  his 
home  at  the  end  of  this  sealing  season.  Voiir  letter  of  April  .'i(>,  •'.!.  (i. 
j\l.,"  says:  "Mr.  Manchester,  owing  to  the  hurried  maniu-r  in  which  he 
leaves  for  his  post,  is  very  anxious  to  return  home  at  the  end  of  this 
summer's  sealing  season,  and  if  you  can  arrange  so  that  he  can  be 
absent  during  the  ensuing  winter  the  l)e])artment  will  not  object  to 
your  so  doing." 

Mr.  T.  V,  Kyan,  assistant  agent  in  charge  of  St.  (leorge,  and  myself 
are  granted  leave  of  absence  "  provided  a  Treasury  agent  is  left  at  each 
island  during  the  absence  of  Mr.  Hyan  and  myself"  (J.G.  M.,  A.  l<\, 
228-2;{l,  Y,  Sei)vend)er  lif),  iss.j). 

Mr.  Kyau  i-isists  on  availing  himself  of  his  privilege,  .and  Mr.  Man- 
cliester  can  not  remain  on  the  island  this  winter.  The  Alaska  Commer- 
cial Ccmipany's  agent  is  not  satisfied  to  be  left  on  the  island  during 
the  winter  without  a  Treasury  agent. 

In  the  dilemma  and  without  any  authority  of  law,  but  relying  on  the 
authority  contained  in  your  letter  of  April  .'Jo,  fjuoted  above,  1  api)ointed 
Dr.  L.  A.  Noyes,  a  Democrat  in  ixditics,  acting  assistant  Treasury 
agent,  subject  to  the  a])proval  of  tlu^  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and 
placed  him  in  iduirge  of  St.  (leorge  Island.  A  (;opy  of  my  letter  of 
appointment  and  instructions  is  herewith  in(dosed.  marked  "10.''  Dr. 
Noyes  is  the  Alaska  Comnu'rcial  Company's  physician  on  this  island, 
and  was  an  ai»plicant  for  the  vacant  assistant  Treasury  ageiuiy  at  the 
tinu'  Mr.  Manchester  was  appointed.  Mis  application,  \'v  informs  me, 
was  indoiscd  by,  among  others,  Hon.  B.  B,  Smalley  and  lion.  Iliram 
Atkins,  of  \  crmont. 

I  regaid  it  as  a  fortunate  circumstance  that  a  proper  and  available 
nuin  was  here  whom  1  could  secure  to  go  to  St.  (ieorge  and  assume  the 
duties  of  the  oHice,  as  it  will  not  do  to  leave  the  islands  without  some- 
one whom  the  natives  are  accustomed  to  <all  "the  (lovernmeut.''  I 
therefore  lioi)e  my  action  in  the  premises  will  be  ap)noved  and  that 
some  authority  of  law  will  be  found  to  pay  Dr.  >«oyes  for  his  services 
until  he  is  relieved  from  duty  by  the  return  of  the  absent  Treasury 
agents  or  the  order  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


190 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIKS. 


Ml'.  Maiiclicster  noes  down  on  tli«  stienntli  of  liis  umlci'staiulinfy 
wlicii  ii|i))iiint('(l,  iiiid  witlioiit  my  permission,  :ih  I  do  not  nndt'rst!in(l 
I  am  antlioiizi'd  to  tyrant  leaves  of  absoncis  l>iil  I  iiope  you  will  appre- 
ciate liis  situation  and  mine,  and  give  him  full  beneiit,  as  he,  is  a  most 
agreealjh'  j,'entleman   .nd  good  oIlicHT. 

I  hsive  the  islai.d  of  St,  I'aul  witii  (!apt.  A.  l\  Loud,  assistant 
Treasury  agent,  in  elniige,  tVeling  tlmt  everytiiing  will  go  (,n  smo')thly 
under  his  elHcient  and  carei'ul  nnmagement,  and  take  i)assage  on  the 
Alaska  Comnuu'cial  Company's  steanuT  .S7.  I'aid  for  Han  Fraucisco, 
fnnn  wliicii  jiiace  I  will  report  by  telegraph  for  furtlier  orders. 
1  administered  the  mstomary  oath  of  oHice  to  Dr.  Noyes. 
I  am,  very  respectfully, 

Gko.  K.  Tinolk, 

Treasury  A^/ciit. 
Hon.  ('.  S.  FAtuntir.D, 

Avtiufj  iSecrctarij  of  the  Tri'dsury. 


5S 
29 

k 

-2. 


Incloaurc  with  Thif/lc's  auimal  repart  for  /AW;  nhipjiixg  receipla. 

Island  oi-  St.  (iKoiMii:,  ./h/.i/ .;/,  W.W. 
This  is  to  cortify  that  1 1,!)!)0  fur-seal  skins  liavn  tliis  diiy  been  sliippoil  on  board 
tlie  Alaska  Comuiorciul  C'ompuiiy's  steamer  St.  Paul. 

M.  V.  EltsKINE. 

Gi;<).  1{.  TiNGLK,  Tnaaurtj  Agent. 

IsLAN'o  oi'-  Ht.  Paul,  Auijnst  n,  tSSG. 
Tliis  is  to  certify  tliiit  S4,!)!)0  riir-seal  HkiiiN  biivo  tliis  day  been  shipped  on  board 
the  Alaska  C'ouim'oruial  Coiuiiany's  steamer  .S7.  I'tiul. 

M.  \.  I'^usKiNi;, 

Geo.  K.  TiMjUS,  Treasury  Agent, 


,  to 
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ALA8K/    INDrSTRIKS. 


191 


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192 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


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ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


193 


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H.  Doc.  91' 1.'. 


194 


ALASKA.   INDUSTRIES. 


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ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


195 


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196 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


The  Jlaska  Commercial  Company  in  acconnt  with  the  United  States  at  St.  Paul  Island, 

Jlaaha. 

Dr. 

t 

August  1 ,  1885.  To  supply  of  coal  for  native  use,  as  required  by  lease,  40  tons ;  of  fish 
tiO  l^arrels;  of  salt,  recniisito  ([uantity;  of  barrels,  recjiiiHite  quantity ;  maintenauce 
of  fjchool,  eight  mouths. 

Cr. 

August  1,  1S85.  Ryooal  for  native  use,  iO  tons;  fish,  fiO barrels;  salt,  all  they  wished; 
barrels,  all  they  wishtid.    May  13,  188G.  Maintenance  of  school,  eight  months. 

Alaska  Commercial  Company  in  account  iriih  the  United  States  at  St,  George  Island. 

Dk. 

July  31,  1880.  To  supply  of  coal  for  native  use,  20  tons;  of  fish,  20  barrels;  of  salt, 
requisite  quantity;  of  barrels,  requisite  quantity;  uiaiuteuance  of  school,  oight 
months. 

Ck. 

.luue  n,  1886.  By  coal  for  native  use,  20  touR.  July  14,  1880,  By  fish,  20  barrels, 
.luly  31,  188(i.  Hy  salt,  requisite  ipiantity;  barrels,  requisite  quantity.  April  21, 
1886.  Maintenance  of  schools,  eight  mouths. 

Memorandum, 

Alaska  Commercial  Company  in  account  with  St.  George  Island — "general  fund:" 
July,  31,  1886.  To  balance,  being  fines  to  date $1)0.  62 


St.  Paui  Island,  Alaska,  May  8,  ISSG. 
Received  of  George  R.  Tingle,  Treasury  agent,  S  .  Paul  Island,  Ihc  sum  of  .+6  each 
for  services  rendered  in  assisting  the  Treasury  agent  to  measure  all  the  breeding 
rookeries  on  St.  Paul. 

YEVI.AMI'EK  Viatkin. 

Kahi-  Uutrin. 
Anton  Mklovedoff. 
Takknti  Stcukpenin. 
Attest: 

N.  Gray. 


Alaska  Commercial  Company  in  account  icith  St.  Paul  fslanil.  Alaska — "oil  fund." 

1885. 
June   2.  To  balance $188.02 

1886.  Cr. 

May     8.  By  Yevlampee  Viatkin fG.  00 

By  Terreuti  Stcliepuin 6.  00 

By  Anton  MelovedofV 6.  00 

By  Karn  Buteriu 6.  00 

24.00 

Tot  a  1 164 .  02 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


197 


Alaska  Commircial  Company  in  avcouiil  with  SI.  I'aiil  hlantl,  Alaska — "yeniiiil  fiinil." 

IW.-). 

July  12.  To  lialanco +T)t).  70 

Sept.  lo.  Anton  Melovedofi'  fined  for  bi'CMikiiig  in  tlin  coiniiiiny'H  Btorerooiu 
iind  stealinj;  iind  <lriiikiiif;  iilcohol  bclon^inK  f"  CliiirloH  H.  Town- 
Bend,  niituraliHt,  and  bccoininij  Ktii|>i(lly  drunk 20.  00 

Sejit.  1().  Jacob  Kechnten,  for  saine  olVunso L'O.  00 

Oct.    31.  Tiniofoy  ScrcbiiikotV  for  entorin;;  native  bouse  wlien  bicked  and 

faniilv  absent  and  stealiuj;  coat 5.  (X) 

188(i. 
Apr.   1.").  Arcena  Arkeslioff  (inarriod),  assaulting  a  young  girl  with  immoral 

intentions 10.  00 

May  1.  Martin  J'opott' on  coniplaintof.Mi'tropon  .Sciiuyteho^^in.  forbabitual 
disturbance  of  his  domestic  relations  and  enticing  bis  wile  from 
him  for  immoral  purposes 10.  (X) 

Total IL'1.70 

Cu. 
May   28.  Hy  amount  ])aid  natives  for  cle.uiing  streets 11.00 

lialanco 110.70 


Meamiremrnts  o/ hreedimj  rookerits,  SI.  Paul  Inland,  .llaska. 


Name  of  rookery. 


Jiy  JI.  W.  ICUiott,  aHHistiint  Treasury 
agent,  .July  lu  to  18,  1872. 


]iv  (led.  U.  Tingle.  Trt-asui-v  agent, 
ilay  :i  to  8,  18HC. 


I     Sea 
margin. 


Width.  Total  area 


!      FiCt. 

Eopf 4.ui(i 

(iarl)otcli li,  000 

Zoltoi 

Ivectavia 2,  2()U 

Lnkannon 2.270 

Tolstoi j,U0O 

Lagoon 750 

Koitlieast  Point 15,  H4II 

rolivena 4,  UOO 

North  Zapadnie 

West  Zap.idiiie ,     5,880 

Sea  Lion  Rock ; 


I'eet. 
l.'iO 
1(10 


Total 
I  HeaU,  al- 
''  lowing  2 
leetHqiiare  niarg 
I  to  eacli  fe-| 
male  seal. 


Fee 
(102, 

;ifl8, 


4110 
000 


301,200 
183, OOU 


150 
150 
150 
100 
150 
150 


330, 
310, 
150, 
75, 
,  37«, 
flUO, 


000 
500 

UOO 
UOO 
0(10 
uuu 


10.5,  OUO 
170,  2.50 
2'?5,  000 
37,  50U 
, 1H8, OOU 
300,00(1 


150 


882,  0(10 


441.  000 


Total I  41,610 

Increase  in  14  years 


Sea 

Width. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

5,  5.50 

175 

2,  7.50 

275 

700 

30 

2,700 

140 

1,6.10 

175 

3, 100 

250 

1.625 

75  1 

14,  825 

205 

6, 600 

175  1 

5,  500 

100 

3,800 

550 

1,  100 

145  1 

Total  area. 


Feet. 
97L250 
758,250 
21,  OOU 
378, 000 
28(1.  (lOU 
775,  OUO 
121,875 
3,  U39, 125 

1,  155.0110 
55(1,  UUU 

2,  090,  000 
159,  50U 


6,021,900  I  .'!,010,950  ,  49,850  i 10,297,000 


8,234  ! i  4,275,100 

I  1 


Total 

Heals  on 

Elliott's 

basis. 


485, 625 
378, 125 

10. 500 
189.  OOU 
140,  UUO 
387,  500 

00,  937 

1,519,563 

577,  500 

275, 000 

1,045,  UUO 

70, 750 


5, 148,  500 
2, 137,  550 


Zapadnie  is  divided  by  a  sand  beach  over  700  feet  wide  at  the  southwest  bay  land- 
ing. In  order  to  show  the  8ha]io  of  tlie  rookery  better  I  call  that  )iortion  north  of 
the  sand  beach  North  Zapadnie  and  the  other  side  West  Za])adnie.  M..  KUiott  treats 
it  as  one  rookery,  lie  also  leaves  out  .Sea  Lion  Kock,  which  is  an  old  rookery.  Zoltoi 
is  new  since  his  date. 

I  think  the  space  assigned  to  each  seal  by  Mr.  Elliot  is  not  large  enough,  and  a 
reduction  of  one-fourth  from  tho  lignros  above  would  give  more  nearly  eoiiect  the 
actual  uumber  of  souls  ou  tho  rookeries  named. 

Gko.  K.  Tisui.k, 
I'reasiiry  AyenI,  St.  Paul  Inland,  Alaska. 


I 


198 


AI.AMKA    INDUSTRIES. 


1.HH7. 
Special  Aijinl  Tingle;  annual  report  for  1887, 

Okfk'e  oj'  Hjmc<:iai,  Aoknt  Thkasury  Department, 

<S7.  I'nul  Island,  July  31,  1887. 

Sir:  I  have  tlio  honor  to  transmit  lierewith  my  report  for  tlie  year 
ending  July  ;{1,  1W7,  with  the  Hteaniers'  receipts  for  ]00,0()(>  seal  skins 
shipped. 

Statement  A,'  iiidow^il,  MhowH  the  daily  killing  of  seals  for  food  and 
by  the  lessees;  Stutemcitl.  IJ,'  the  killing  on  both  islands  consolidated. 
It  is  very  gratifying  to  \h'  able  to  report  almost  no  loss  from  seals  per- 
ishing on  the  di  i  v<'H,  .M«;«  are  H<!nt  to  follow  up  the  seals  and  skin  such 
as  perish  and  bring  th«  *iW\un  to  the  salt  houses.  The  loss  in  clubbing 
is  also  insignilicant,  TliJH  Mwnlt  is  owing  to  greater  caie  being  exer- 
cised by  the  natives  and  l«M.»M!<!rt'  men  in  handling  the  immense  droves  of 
seals,  and  the  saving  in  rinlibing  small  seals,  which  appear  as  rejected 
in  the  statement,  is  mainly  owing  to  the  presence  on  the  held  of  the 
Treasury  agent  and  th«  \i¥,ri»tu;i\  superintendence  and  strict  orders  of 
the  lessees'  general  agirnt,  wlio  rcfinires  of  his  men  the  greatest  care  in 
killing,  so  that  none  l>«t  }M;ceptable  seal  skins  are  taken.  Indeed,  the 
unnecessary  slaughtirr  of  w-alrt  whose  skins  are  not  merchantable  is  a 
thing  of  the  jjast,  a»  a  comparison  of  this  season's  statement  with 
former  years  will  sliow. 

The  ice  hung  around  Ht,  Paul  Island  until  the  13th  of  May,  the 
weather  being  very  i-AtUi,  wliich  no  doubt  was  the  cause  of  the  light 
Bui)ply  of  killal>le  tieah  the  early  ]»art  of  June.  By  the  -0th  of  the 
month  they  lan<led  in  a-H  great  numbers  as  usual,  and  more  tiian  could 
be  handled  eiw;li  day  by  the  depleted  force  of  natives  entitled  to  parti(!i- 
pate  in  the  work  of  iskinning  or  sealing.  Nodifliculty  was  experienced 
by  the  lessees  in  se'^iriiig  their  «|Uota  of  fine  skins  in  thirty-nine  work- 
ing days,  an  average  of  2,'Ai\  per  day.  The  time  has  come  when,  in  my 
judgment,  the  lesse<i«  nhotild  be  authorized  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  to  employ  tulditional  natives,  and  teach  them  the  business  of 
sealing  in  all  its  brunches,  as  death  has  played  sad  havoc  with  the 
sealers  of  the  island)*,  nn  hIiowii  by  a  statement  I  luTCwith  inclose, 
marked  C,'  compiler)  from  the  records  by  the  Alaska  Commercial  Com- 
pany's general  agent,  l>r,  II,  H,  Mclntyre.  From  this  list  you  will  see 
the  mortality  am<»ng  the  men  since  1870  has  been  fearful,  and  the  small- 
ness  of  the  etlective  force  of  able  men  and  boys  in  1887  to  do  the  work 
of  taking  8r>,()00  (seal  hk'iun(ti\  H*  Paul  Island  during  the  time  allowed  by 
law  is  insuilicient.  Were  ifc  not  for  the  fact  that  one-half  the  work  per- 
taining to  the  taking,  Malting,  bundling,  etc.,  of  the  skins  is  done  by 
ITnalaska  natives,  brought  tip  by  the  lessees  for  the  sealing  season  and 
returned  to  their  honteii*  at  the  close  of  the  season's  business,  and  eight 
white  men,  employwH  of  tne  lessees,  the  work  would  not  be  done  on 
St.  Paul  Islaml  without  eontinuing  the  killing  in  the  fall.  About  forty 
natives  of  Unaiatika,  th«  xame  tribe  of  people  who  inhabit  the  fur  seal 
islands,  are  brought  annually  to  the  islands,  and  paid  by  the  lessees 
for  salting,  booking,  iMindling,  etc.,  in  order  to  advance  tlie  work,  the 
island  natives  reci'iving  the  lull  sum  of  40  cents  per  skin.  It  would  be 
entirely  just  to  take  iUxtk  extra  exyxmse  from  the  sum  total  of  the  native 

'  Miaaing. 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


199 


fiiiid,  iiiid  distribute  the  remainder  to  the  sealers,  as  tlie  work  ])erfbrnied 
by  the  extra  help  is  a  jiart  of  the  duty  iniitosed  on  tlie  island  natives, 
under  the  contract  and  in  consideration  of  the  10  cents  per  skin  pai(l 
ihetn,  Kxiterience  has  demonstrated  that  the  system  of  payment  to  the 
iiafives  is  not  the  best  for  their  own  interests,  for  the  reason  thiit  when 
I  he  season's  sealinji'  ends,  and  they  each  net  their  i)roportion  of  tlie  (;om- 
tnnnity  fniid  entered  np  to  their  credit  in  their  passbooks,  they  feel  the 
year's  work  is  ended.  If  (tailed  upon  to  work  on  a  load  over  wiiich  they 
travel  and  wheel  their  water,  meat,  and  fuel,  or  asked  to  launch  a  boat 
tob«»ard  the  vessel  in  thesnrinfj,they  are  paid  by  tiielnmr, or  when  called 
out  by  the  Treasury  agent  in  the  spring  to  clean  up  the  tilth  they  have 
accumulated  during  the  winter  around  their  houses,  they  are  ])aid  for 
their  labor.  They  earn  their  year's  salary,  or  ])ay,  in  six  weeks,  and  for 
tiie  remainder  of  the  year  feel  they  are  free.  If  called  on  to  do  any  work, 
even  though  it  may  be  as  mu(di  lor  the  benetit  of  the  natives  as  the 
lessees,  they  must  i)e  ])aid  by  the  hour  for  it.  Tlie  system  of  ])ayment  by 
the  i»iece,  or  skin,  was  adopted  immediately  after  the  transfer  of  the 
country  ns  an  inducement  for  the  natives  to  secure  the  skins,  rival  com- 
panies oc(;upying  the  islands  sealing  at  the  time.  Jn  my  opinion,  it  is 
n<it  the  best  way  to  compensate  the  i.;I.iiid  natives,  and  is  very  unjust 
to  their  brothers  who  are  brought  from  IJnalaska  to  help  them.  The 
average  pay  of  the  St.  Paul  native  sealer  this  year  is  a  little  over  $500, 
whilst  the  IJnalaskans  receive  on  an  average  $80  each.  This  small  sum 
is  the  main  supjiort  of  their  families  tor  the  year,  while  the  St.  Paul  man 
has,  besides  his  $.")00  cash,  all  the  fiesli  seal  meat  he  can  eat,  and  salt, 
fuel,  fish,  house,  medi(;iiies,  physician,  and  schooling  free.  It  would  be 
a  simple  act  of  justice. to  place  the  natives  of  IJnalaska,  employed  to 
assist  in  sealing,  on  the  same  footing  with  the  St.  Paul  natives  in  the 
distribution  of  the  sum  earned,  as  one  set  of  men  is  just  as  essential 
to  the  work  as  the  other.  I  would  suggest,  as  a  much  better  plan,  the 
payment  of  a  sum  equal  to  40  cents  per  skin,  divi<led  into  annual  sala- 
ries in  jiroportion  to  the  value  of  each  man  and  boy's  labor,  payable 
weekly  or  monthly,  with  the  understanding  that  in  consideration  of 
this  salary  their  time  and  labor  was  subject  to  the  orders  of  the  lessees 
and  Treasury  agents  at  any  and  all  times.  For  nine  months  or  more 
every  year  the  lessees  have  nothing  for  them  to  do,  and  the  system  of 
payment  as  suggested,  I  am  sure,  would  prove  more  beneficial  to  the 
natives  and  make  no  ditlerence  whatever  to  the  lessees,  excepting  it 
would  subject  the  natives  to  their  orders  at  all  times  for  any  work 
necessary  to  be  done, 

I  would  resi)e(!tfully  recommend  that  any  additional  force  of  natives 
you  may  see  i)roper  to  authorize  to  assist  in  sealing  be  ])aid  by  the 
year  and  not  by  tlie  skin,  and  such  sum  so  paid  be  deducted  from  the 
community  fund  of  40  cents  per  skin  before  the  division  is  made  and 
the  remainder  divided  as  heretofore  among  the  old  sealers,  i)rovided 
that  none  of  the  lessees'  agents  or  while  emjdoyees  fire  ])aid  out  of  the 
native  funds.  It  is  evident  the  rapid  decrease  of  native  adult  u;ales 
on  the  islands  will  necessitate  an  increase  in  the  outside  force  of 
natives  or  the  quota  of  100,000  skins  per  annum  can  not  be  taken. 

The  Unalaskan  is  ])aid  by  the  lessees  for  doing  the  work  which 
under  their  contract  the  islanders  are  bound  to  do,  and  while  the 
wages  paid  them  by  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company  ($40  jier  month) 
is  very  good,  the  time  employed  (two  months)  is  very  short,  lasting 
only  through  the  killing  season.  In  view  of  the  facts  stated,  it  would 
seem  but  just  that  some  more  equitable  division  of  the  funds  be  made 
among  those  uattves  who  do  the  work,  as  they  are  all  of  one  tribe,  the 


200 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


fur  s«al  isliiiidH  liaviiip  been  first  pe()i)Ieil  a  liuiidrod  years  ago  by 
traiispliiiitiii^;;  Aleuts  iroin  Hiialaska. 

The  (Mtiiditioii  of  tlie  natives  on  tlie  two  islaiids  is  quite  as  {jnod  as 
usual  after  a  lonj;  winter  of  idleness,  durinj;'  wliicli  time  tliey  shut 
tlieniselvos  nj)  in  their  elose  houses  without  ])eiuiittiu}''  any  ventilation 
whatever,  keejjin;;-  the  house  warnu'd  up  to  an  unhealthy  tenipeiaturt!, 
takinjf  only  sueh  outdoor  exereise  as  is  lequiied  ol'  tlieni  in  attendance, 
on  their  ehureli  serviee, enierj;inj;'  in  the  sjuinj;'  in  time  to  (^lean  u|»  and 
l)repan!  Ibr  the  arrival  of  the  vessel.  When  it  is  danijt  and  eohl.  they 
arc  as  imprudent  and  eareless  as  dnrin}^'  the  winter,  <oiise(|uently  take 
eold  easily,  resultinfi;  in  many  eases  fatally.  15roin;liitis  and  pneumonia 
are  the  spring  diseases.  This  year  has  been  an  unusually  fatal  one, 
there  havinf^  i)een  seventeen  deaths  in  dune  and  up  to  Ilith  of  .liily. 
When  on(.e  an  Aleut  makes  up  his  mind  to  die,  haviiifj  noreeuiH-rative 
powers,  he  ])al'lles  the  skill  of  the  i)hysi(-ian  and  calmly  awaits  the  in- 
evitable. With  i)ro])er  <;are  they  would  be  much  lonj^er  lived,  as  there 
is  nothing  in  the  elimate  or  sanitary  condition  of  the  ishinds  to  invite 
disease. 

The  \\  liite  po])uliition  on  both  islands,  some  of  whom  have  remained 
continuou.-ly  for  live  years,  are  always  remarkably  liealthy.  It  is  a 
notable  fact  that  not  a  sinf;le  death  liom  disease  has  occurred  among 
them  sinie  the  transfer  of  Alaska  to  the  Tnited  States. 

While  the  iiereeiitajio  of  mortality  amoiiii' the  natives  is  much  greati^r 
than  can  be  found  in  any  State  or  country  of  which  we  have  statistics, 
it  is  only  a  (piestion  of  time  when  the  Ah'uts  will  become  extinct. 

The  census  taken  January  1,  1887,  shows  as  Jollows: 


IhIbiiiI. 


St.  I'aiila 

St.  I'D'Airn"  I'  ■ 


I 


fl7 
28 


MaleH. 


e    . 

«« 

in  1- 

t.  i 

z  1> 

■^% 

Ct> 

0  t-i 

&.- 

P 

24 

17 

12 

7 

FemalcH. 


Si-    \    °  ■"  ' 


42 
15 


20 


ii 

r.  ~ 

ti 

tn 

1 

P 

39 

•3 

u 

s 

1 

2117 

5 

14 

14 

112 

le 

( 

;i 

< 

5 

aSuvciilwn  ilffutli*  Croiii  .June  1  to  July  12,  iucIurtiiigflveHcnlerH;  almost  7  per  cent  iu  forty  two  days. 
b  Oni'  (icutli  Hincc  J iitii'  1. 


The  (!anse  of  tlie  ex^'ess  of  females  on  the  ishuuls  is  owing  to  a  regu- 
lation of  tlie  (iieek  Church,  which  forbids  the  marriage  of  parties 
where  the  most  distant  relationship  exists.  It  even  extends  to  the 
relatives  of  the  contracting  i)aities,  godmother  and  godfather.  This 
absurd  obstacle  makes  it  almost  out  of  the  cpiestion  for  residents  of 
the  islam!  to  marry.  The  ]niest  controls  all  marriages.  His  iieriins- 
sion  is  absolutely  reipiired  l)etore  a  marriagecan  take  ])laee.  This  rule 
of  the  church  forces  the  men  to  go  to  Uiialasl.a  or  other  islands  for 
wives,  and  every  year  i)ilgrimages  are  made  for  that  jjurjiose.  The 
jiricst  first  being  a]>plie(i  to,  tells  the  wife  seeker  whom  In;  nniy  marry. 
While  accessions  of  females  are  made  to  the  i)oi)ulati<in  in  this  way, 
no  adult  males  are  allowed  to  conu>  from  other  islands  and  beconu;  (!iti- 
zens  of  the  fur-seal  islands  without  special  permission  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury. 

The  usual  eight  months'  sehr;o]  was  conducted  on  both  islands  with 
about  the  usual  results.  Twenty  five  children  attended  on  St,  (leorge 
and  .").')  on  St.  I'anl.  The  native  cliildren  are  stupidly  dull  and  not 
encouraged  by  their  pareucs  to  learn  Jinglish.    They  would  not  send  a 


I 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


201 


child  to  scliool  if  not  compclli'd  by  tlio  Treasury  agcMit  to  do  ho.  The 
t(!iU'li('r8  on  both  ishuids  do  tlicir  (liity  iiiithCnlly,  but  tlicir  work  is  not 
apiireciated  or  rewarded  with  very  brilHaiit  results. 


Till",    IlUKKDINd    RdOKKRIKS. 

As  I  was  uniibh',  to  aeiuunpany  my  report  ol'  hiat  year  with  a  state- 
iiuMit  sliowinji'  tiici  nunibcr  of  seal  on  tlio  breediuf?  roolieries  ot"  Bt. 
(leorgt^  Isliind,  I  nv.uh'i  arraiiK'einents  witii  Aetiuj,' Assistant  Treasury 
A^eiit  J)r.  L.  A.  Xiiyes  in  charf^e,  to  inaiie  a  complete  ineasureiiieut  of 
all  the  rookeries  ou  the  islaiul,  which  he  did,  and  the  result  is  hero 
given : 

[.laiiuary  4,  March  1.  and  April  li'J,  1887. J 


Enst 

/apadiiiit 

I.illln  Kasl 

Starry  Ati'd 

Kuur  aud  North. 


Total  . 


Name  of  rookorv. 


Sea 
margin. 


Depth.  Square tuet.!      Snaln. 


2,200 

2, 100 

fiOO 

OOU 

3,  SCO 


200 
100 
125 
,175 
■MO 


440,  noo 
;i;)6, 000 

75,  00(1 

517,  500 

1,0.5(1,000 


220,  000 
108,00(1 
:!7,  ,5(10 
258.  7.50 
525,  OUO 


9,300 


2, 41s, 500 


1, 20'J,  250 


RECAPITtTLATIOX  (SKVKNTKKN'  KOOKEUIKS). 

St.  Vaiil  Island,  1880 5,148,500 

SI.  Uporgo  Island,  1 8H7 1,  200,  250 


Orand  total  of  linediu;;  .^iuIh  only 6,  357,750 

I  think  that  a  deduction  of  oiie-fourtli  from  the  above  would  show 
more  nearly  correct  the  true  number  of  .seals  ou  the  i.slauds.  In  my 
judfi'meiit  5rr.  Elliott  does  not  allow  them  space  enough. 

The  breeding  grounds  on  St.  (ieorge  Island,  surveyed  .luly  12-15, 
1873,  gave  the  following  figures: 

[II.  W.  ElliuttH  Coniliti f  Allairs  in  .Vlaska,  1874.  \i.  78.) 


Name  of  rookery. 


Eastern 

hilllu  East.. 

North 

Ni'ur 

starry  Atoel 
Xupaduio  . . . 

Total . 


Sea  mar- 
gin. 


Dejith.  Siimiri'feet.!    Seals. 


»()0 
750 
,  (lOU 
750 
500 
000 


,500 


00 
40 
25 
150 
125 
00 


54,000 
30,  000 
50,000  ! 
112,500 
02,  5(10  I 
36,  000  ' 


345,  000 


27,  000 
15,  000 
25, 000 
56,  250 
31,2,50 
18,  000 


172,  500 


The  information  furnished  by  the  estimates  of  seal  life  is  very  val- 
uable, though,  of  (!()tirse,  not  absolutely  correct. 

The  measurenieut  ou  St.  (Ieorge  Island  is  uiidcmbtedly  as  near  correct 
as  it  is  jiossible  to  make  it,  and  differing  so  widely  from  the  estimate 
made  by  Mr.  II.  W.  Elliott  July  lli-l"),  IST.'J,  I  am  forced  to  conclude  that 
lliat  gentleman,  so  uniformly  correct  in  his  voluminmis  and  interesting 
history  of  the  fur  seal  and  his  home,  has  made  a  great  mistake  some- 
how in  his  work  of  measuring  the  rookeries  at  that  time.  It  is  ([uite 
evident  such  is  the  case,  as  the  number  of  seals  he  makes  on  the  breed- 
ing rookeries,  viz,  17L',.'50(»,  is  out  of  all  i>roportion  to  the  number  of 
males  killed  in  lS72-7.'5,  being  2.j,()0(»  each  year,  while  ou  St.  Paul 
Island,  with  3,030,2.>0  seals  ou  the  rookeries,  only  75,000  males  were 


202 


ALASKA    1NDU8TUIK8. 


taken  each  year,  or  tlnee  times  iis  many  as  were  taken  on  St.  (JeorKO, 
while  St.  I'anl,  aecordinn  to  Mr.  Elliott,  had  eitjliteen  times  as  many 
seals  on  the  rookeries.  I''or  187'.',  ISSO,  and  1881, 1,'(),()00  were  taken 
annually  on  St.  (ieorge.  Since  that  time  the  lessees  have  not  been 
able  to  take  conveniently  more  than  1. ■»,(»()(>  annnally,  notwithstanding; 
the  rookeries  have  received  lar},'e  actiessions  of  cows  and  Iniils  each 
year  since  187.'?  and  now  liavc^  seven  times  the  nund)er  estimated  hy 
Mr,  Elliott  to  have  been  tiiere  wiien  thc^y  took  2."i,(t()(>  seals.  The  num- 
ber of  seals  at  present  shown  to  i)e  on  the  breediu};  rookeries  of  the 
two  islands  is  as  follows: 

St.  I'aiil .'-.,148,500 

St.  Guorge l,'jm/2m 

Total t;,:tr>7,750 

The  youn};  male  seals  haul  out  sei)arately  from  breeders,  and  no  esti- 
nnite  of  their  number  has  ever  been  made  or  attem|»ted,  so  far  as  I 
know.  It  is  certain  one-half  the  ])U|>s  born  are  males  and  that  pups 
eipial  to  l)(l  per  cent  of  (!ows  on  the  rookeries  ;:<)  nito  the  water — that 
is,  exclusive  of  the  ycmnjj;  cows  which  come  tipon  the  rookeries  for  the 
first  time  to  meet  the  males.  The  estimated  loss  of  10  per  cent  is 
caused  by  bulls  in  preserviu};  I'ifjid  disiapline  and  adminislerin;,'  neces- 
sary correction  in  tile  juanajicmenl  of  their  domestitr  allairs.  '1  heir  idea 
of  a  female's  duty  does  not  admit  of  any  litth;  indiscretions,  and  at  the 
slightest  sign  of  deviation,  regardless  (d'  consc(pienees,  he  (piicikly 
l)ounce3  upon  the  ollending  female  and  shakes  her  by  the  neck,  A 
number  of  i)ups  are  also  lost  by  Ix'ing  washeil  olf  tiie  rocks  by  the  surf 
and  drowned  before  they  have  learned  to  swim.  Fully  one  hail'  tlio 
pups  which  go  to  sea  in  the  fall  return  as  yearlings  the  fidlowing 
spring,  the  absent  ones  having  Mirnislied  food  I'oi'  their  natural  eiuMuies 
in  the  water.  As  they  grow  older  the  i»ei'centage  of  loss  from  this 
cause  decreases  largely.  I  have  made  fre(pient  and  dose  inspections 
of  the  rookeries  this  year  and  lind  the  lines  of  occujiancy  extended 
beyond  those  of  last  year  and  the  cows  (piite  as  d(!nscly  packed  on 
thegnmnd  on  most  of  tim  rookeries,  while  on  two  rookeries  ther»(  is 
some  falling  oil".  It  is  certain,  however,  this  vast  number  of  animals, 
so  valuabh'  to  the  (JovernmtMit,  is  still  on  the  increase.  The  (londi- 
tion  of  all  the  rookeries  could  not  be  better,  and  the  .seals,  undisturbed 
when  ashore,  seem  to  take  great  cond'urt  out  of  their  season  of  rest 
after  a  long  winter  voyage  at  sea.  The  Department  can  not  jdacte  too 
high  an  estimate  on  the  value  of  this  seal  property,  and  thedovern- 
nient,  I  am  sure,  will  not  yield  to  any  demands  which  would  make  it 
])08sible  to  accomplish  the  destruction  of  her  seal  rookeries  and  seal 
life,  which,  under  Judicious  management  and  protected  by  law,  may  be 
perpetuated  indefinitely. 

THE  MAKAXTDEBS. 


Last  fall,  after  the  steamer  had  dei)arted  for  San  Franciisco,  a  num- 
ber of  marauding  schooners  were  sighted  from  St.  Paul  Island.  One, 
a  ste.am  schooner,  laid  ofl"  the  Iteef  liookeiy  several  days  from  the  Hth 
of  August,  with  boats  down,  killing  seals  in  the  water.  Owing  to  the 
distance  from  land  (though  in  full  vit^w)  and  the  uncertainty  of  the 
weather  it  was  not  deemed  safe  by  Captain  Loud,  assistant  Treasury 
agent  in  charge,  to  go  out  to  her  in  snnill  boat-s.  She  was  nnvarded 
by  securing  a  cargo  of  •4,;50O  seal  skins  for  her  British  owners,  which 
were  delivered  and  sold  in  Victoria. 


I 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIKS, 


208 


Hiid  (Captain  Abbey,  witli  tlio  revciiuo  (Mitter  Coririn,  cruised  around 
the  seal  islands  until  the  ].~)tli  of  Au^misI  he  no  doiibt  would  havt;  (cap- 
tured several  valuable  jiii/es  whicili  esicaped  with  lar>,'»i  eatelios  of  seal 
owintr  to  the  absen<  e  of  the  cutter. 

On  St.  <leor<j;e  Island,  in  (char{,'e  of  actin;,'  assistant  Treasury  affeiit 
Dr.  \i.  A.  Xoyes,  soon  after  the  departure,  of  the  cutter  a  schooner 
was  sij^lited.  She  sent  her  men  in  Htnall  boats  direcst  to  a  rookery  to 
kill  seals.  Undei'  orders  from  Dr.  Noyes,  the  natives  watcliiu};:  tl:o 
rookery  lired  tni  the  men  as  they  laruled  causinj;  them  to  retreat  to 
their  boats  and  pull  for  their  vessel.  Two  of  the  nu'n  were  wounded, 
accordiu};'  to  their  own  admission,  one  shot  throujih  the*  arm  and  the 
other  in  the  foot.  This  warm  reception  and  impressive  lesson  was  not 
witlnmt  benelicial  results,  as  it  became  jjenerally  known  last  fall  and 
winter  anioufj  the  profession,  and  nniy  serve  to  keep  them  a  safe  dis- 
tance from  the  shore  lin(i  of  the  rookeries  this  season. 

I  understand  the  captains  of  Hritish  vessels  had  j,neat  dillicully  this 
8j>rinjj  ship])in;;'  their  crews  of  Indian  senders,  owinj;  to  the  few  captures 
of  last  year.  After  tluMr  experience  of  this  season,  I  aai  (piite  sure 
JJritish  Ccdumbia  Indians  will  be  hard  to  setMire  for  Heriii},'  Sea  sealing 
in  the  future. 

So  far  this  season  four  selutoners  have  been  operatiufj  around  this 
island,  at  times  within  a  mile  or  two  of  the  laud,  their  ritle  shots  beiuff 
distinctly  heard  from  the  shore,  a  dense  inn  (loncealin;;  the  vessel  from 
view.  (Jne  schooner  reuuiined  around  Northeast  Point  from  the  loth  to 
the  L'Gth,  then  came  down  near  Hm!  villa{,'e.  On  the  liSth  instant,  at  3 
p.m.,  I  sifjhted  her  near  Otter  Island,  close  to  tin;  land.  The  Alaska 
Commercial  (!ompany's  steamer  >St.  Paul  having  anived  earlj'  the  same 
morniiifj,  I,  in  company  with  their  general  agent,  Mclntyre,  their 
physician,  Dr.  W.  S.  Hereford,  and  Captain  Loud,  assistant  Treasury 
agent,  Ixtarded  the  steamer  »S7.  Paul.  At  my  earin'st  rccpu"-  '  »r  cap- 
tain, M.  C.  Krskin,  got  tiiuler  way  and  followed  the  schooner,  which 
was  then  standing  away  from  us.  She  changed  her  course  suddenly 
and  stood  directly  for  the  steamer.  When  near  eiu)Ugh  to  see  with  the 
glass,  we  discovered  she  was  in  distress — flying  the  American  Hag, 
union  down.  "When  we  come  up  to  her  she  proved  to  be  the  schooner 
Aiujel  Doll)/,  of  San  Francisco,  i  hailed  her  fronj  the  bridge  of  the 
steamer,  and  was  answered  by  the  men  on  the  scdiooner  with  calls  tor 
help,  saying  the  captain  was  shot  and  dying  and  one  num  wounded. 
1  directed  Capt.  A.  V.  Loud,  assistant  Treasury  agent  and  an  experi- 
enced navigator,  to  board  the  schooner  in  the  boat  towing  astern  of 
the  steamei',  with  the  native  crew,  which  he  did,  Dr.  II.  II.  Mclntyre 
and  Dr.  Hereford  a<!companying  him,  A  high  cross  sea  with  strong 
northwest  Mind  made  it  dangenms  to  get  to  the  vessel,  which  was  at 
the  mercy  of  the  elements.  All  got  safely  on  board  and  Captain  Loud 
took  command  of  the  schooner  and  brought  her  to  a  smooth  anchorage 
east  side  of  St.  Paul  Island,  where  I  boarded  her  a  few  minutes  after 
she  anchored.  Captain  Loud  was  in  charge,  with  the  revenue  Hag 
flying,  he  having  seized  the  schooner  and  cargo  for  violation  of  section 
195<i,  kevised  Statutes. 

The  captured  schooner's  captain,  Alfred  N.  Tulles,  with  three  of  his 
men,  bad  been  on  Otter  Island,  5  miles  fronj  St.  Paul  Island,  during 
the  afternoon  and  killed  four  fur  seals  on  the  land.  Keturning  to  his 
vessel,  he  picked  up  a  rille  on  the  house  of  his  cabin  and  drew  it  toward 
him,  when  the  hammer  of  the  gun  caught,  discharging  the  contents 
through  the  body  of  the  captain,  killing  him  and  wounding  Joseph 
Spoouer,  one  of  the  crew,  who  was  at  the  wheel,  behind  the  captain, 


204 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


tlic  (MOW  all  af^rociii;,'  in  tiicir  Htiitciiiciits  to  iiic  tluvt  the  flring  of  the 
gnu  ill  IIk'  liiinils  of  llif  ciiiitaiti  was  an  accidt'iit. 

1  had  lilt'  liody  of  Captain  'rulics  in<)\ed  on  shore,  the  Alaska  Com- 
iMcrcial  ('oiiipaiiy's  pliysitian  f  alviii;;  ciiaryt'.  The  I'tiiiiMal  look  plac*'  tho 
followinj;  day,  IJi'V.  I''atlier  WcschtoiiiolV  oHiciatiii;;'.  .loscpii  Spooiicr, 
Ihc  wounded  man,  was  taken  on  tlie  island  and  made  eoiiitoilalde  in 
one  of  the  eoinpaiiy's  houses,  with  one  of  his  shipniates  to  attend  him, 
and  is  thtiun  well.  1  sent  Ihe,  seliooiier  to  Tnalaska  in  eoininaiid  of 
Capt.  J*anl  Porloll'  at  an  expense  of  «!.'"»,  wliieli  sum  the  afjent  of  the 
Alaska  Commere'  .1  CJonipany  ))aid  him  on  my  order,  the  eajitnred  erow 
renniinin^  on  the  sciiooner  to  I'nalaska,  where  they  are  to  lie  taken  on 
board  the  steamer  >S7.  roul  for  San  l''ran('is(;o,  at  my  retiuest. 

The  schooner  Auifcl  Ihilh/ \\;\d  on  hoaid  ITS  fur  seal  skins,  ]'2'i  of 
them  eow  seals.  At  lliialaska  1  turned  over  Ihe  sclioc  nor,  carp),  and 
papers  to  Capt.  1;.  I).  Shepjiard,  of  the  Inited  States  revenue  cutter 
Ix'iish;  also  furnished  him  with  dei)ositions  of  ('apt.  A.  P.  Loud,  sei/int( 
otliceriorthe  (Jovernment,  and  I  he  crew  of  the  seized  schooner,  tojjether 
with  a  full  statement  of  the  case  liy  iiie,  diicctcd  to  the  United  States 
district  attorney  at  Sitka,  which  will  ol)viatethe  necessity  of  our  fjoiny 
to  Sitka.  Tills  makes  the  seventh  caittiireso  far  tiiis  season,  the  cutter 
Husk  liaviufj  taken  six  and  sent  them  to  Sitka  for  trial,  their  earfjo  of 
seal  skins  stored  here  number  L',."),'}!',  as  follows:  American  schooner 
ChaUcntje,  with  151  skins;  British  schooner  Anuti  /?n7,',  w i I h  .'{.'J*!;  JJrit- 
iah  s(diooner  ^V.  I'.  S<t iri/cr,  with -IV.i;  Hritish  schooner />(W;;///»,witli()00; 
liritish  schooiuT  (jr((ce,  with  70!);  Auieiican  schooner  Lottie  L.,  with 
197;  a  total  of  L-'.-Wl'. 

Tlio  Department's  attention  is  respectfully  called  to  the  operations  of 
the  cutter  Rush,  Capt.  L.  I).  Sheppard,  sent  to  i)rolect  the  seal  islands 
and  seal  life  this  season.  Me  has  been  indefatigable  in  his  ellbrts,  and 
will  no  d(mbt  add  at  least  six  more  to  Ihe  list  <if  his  captures  before  he 
leaves  the  waters,  as  there  ar(!  at  this  time  double  I  hat  number  of  schoon- 
ers around  theislamls.  The  JJritish  schooner  Dolphin  had  on  board  a 
verylargelotof  finerillesanda  Ion  of  lixed  ammunition.  Her  commander, 
1.  D.  Warren,  had  live  vessels  sealiii};;  four  of  them  are  amon},^  the  cap 
tured.  He  is  one  of  the  deiiaut  Hiitishers  who  has  no  regard  for  the 
laws  of  the  United  States  (loverinnent. 

While  the  Hush  was  busy  taking;-  care  of  the  nnirauders  around  St. 
George,  three  schooners  were  killing  seals  near  St.  Paul,  fre(|uently  in 
sight  but  beyond  the  reach  of  the  Treasury  agent,  as  we  have  no 
facilities  for  going  out  to  sea,  so  far,  to  board  vessels.  Wnmt  we  slnmld 
have  on  St.  Paul  island  is  a  L'O  ton  steam  yacht  to  draw  not  over  5  feet 
of  water,  ])rovided  with  one  small  ritied  gun.  Such  a  steamer  we 
could  run  up  in  the  lagoon  at  the  village  for  good  harbor,  where  she 
would  be  perfectly  safe  against  all  kinds  of  weather.  There  is  always 
an  engineer  on  the  island  competent  to  run  a  small  steamer  and  natives 
for  crew  always  at  hand,  willing  to  serve  tlie  Treasury  agent  when 
called  on.  in  this  way  it  would  not  cost  the  (Jovernment  a  dollar  to 
run  the  yacht.  She  could  cruise  all  around  the  island,  doing  the  work 
of  a  cutter  without  any  expense  for  crew,  it  is  impossiiile  for  one 
cutter  to  guard  the  two  islands  successfully — as,  for  exam])le,  the  Rusk 
left  this  island  the  night  of  15th  instant  and  had  not  returned  when  we 
left,  on  August;}  at  8  p.  m.  She  had  all  she  could  do  around  St.  (leorge 
and  to  the  eastward.  During  her  absence  three  schooners  operating 
at  St.  Paul  must  have  secured  large  catches  of  seals.  For  the  next 
month  I  have  no  doubt  the  marauders  will  concentrate  near  the  isl.ands. 
If  the  condition  of  the  cutter  Bear  ou  her  return  from  the  Arctic  will 


ALASKA   INDI'STRIES. 


205 


admit  of  it,  <'ii|itain  llfiilcy  will  roiiiaiii  iit  tlif  iHlands  until  tliu  8ua  iti 
rlcarcd  (»f  tlic  .s('aliii<,'  vt'sscls.  Tlu«  /.'<■((/•  was  hiakiiijj  hadly  wlu'ii  f 
boai'dad  ill  r  at  St.  I'aiil,  on  licr  way  iioitli,  and  indeed  the  (Mptain 
tlioti^dit  lie  would  liavc  to  i*>tiirn  fniin  St.  .Micliatls  and  ivrocced  dirort 
to  San  l''ian(isc(>.  If  sucli  Mlionld  prove  lo  iai  the  case,  <)aptain  .Shop- 
])ard  will  liavit  nioic  llnin  lie  can  do  during'  tliei  niontli  of  Aii^^ust.  I 
(h'sire  to  say  in  lieliaH'or  a  laitliliil  ollieer  that  tJaplain  Sheppard  has 
displayedi'oninieiidalde  /eal  in  the  execution  of  liisorderH,  and  will  nis'ku 
a  record  of  seizures  tliis  season  which  will  doinoiali/u  the  inaraudiiig 
business. 

DKSTRUCTION   Ol'   .SKALS. 

I  am  now  convinced  from  what  I  uatlier  in  quostioniiig  the  nu!n 
belonjiiii;,'-  to  eai»ture(l  schooners,  and  from  readinfj  the  logs  of  the 
vessels,  tliat  not  more  tlian  onu  seal  in  ten  killed  and  mortally  wounded 
is  loaded  on  the  boats  iiiid  skinned.  Thus  you  will  see  the  wanton 
destriuttioii  of  seal  life  witliout  any  lienellt  what  /er.  I  think  ;i(),()()() 
Hkins  taken  this  year  bytlie  niaraiiders  is  a  lowestimateon  thisbasi.s — 
300,'"*"  fni"  seals  were  killed  to  secure  that  numiier,  or  three  times  as 
maii,\  as  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company  ar<!  allowed  by  law  to  kill. 
You  can  readily  see  that  this  great  slaiightci- of  seals  will  in  a  few 
years  make  it  imi»ossible  for  1(»(),0U(»  skins  to  be  taken  on  the  islands 
by  tiie  lessees.  I  «'ariiestly  hope  more  vigorous  measures  will  bo 
adopted  by  the  (roveriinicnt  in  dealing  with  these  destructive  law 
br(iakers. 

J)r.  \i.  A.  Noycs,  left  last  fall  as  acting  assistant  Treasury  agent  on 
St.  (ieorge  Island  in  jdace  of  J.  1'.  Manchester,  who  returned  on 
acccmnt  of  sickness  in  his  family,  iierformed  the  duties  of  the  olllce 
faithtully  until  relieved.  .May  ."5(1,  ]S,S7,  by  the  return  of  Mr.  Manchester. 
IJr.  Noyes  should  be  iiaid  for  the  time  lie  served  the  (Jovernment.  If 
there  is  no  fund  out  of  which  lie  can  be  comitensated,  1  respectfully 
ask  you  to  recommend  the  jiassage  of  a  bill  for  his  relief,  or  im  lude  it 
in  the  sundry  civil  bill,  in  accordance  with  his  account  rendered. 

I  Ictt  St.  (ieorge  Island  in  charge  ol'  Assistant  Treasury  Agent 
William  (iavitt,  having  fully  instructed  him  in  regard  to  his  duties. 
Mr.  J.  J*.  Mancdiester,  assistant  Treasury  agent,  is  in  charge  of  St.  Paul 
Island,  with  full  instructions.  (Japt.  A.  V.  Loiul,  assistant  Treasury 
agent,  and  myself  return  by  the  steamer  St.  Paul  to  San  l-'rancisco, 
from  which  jtlace  we  will  report  liy  telegraiih  and  await  your  further 
orders. 

I  am,  very  respectfully, 

ClEO.  E.  Tingle, 

Treasury  Agent. 

Hon.  C.  S.  Fairoiiild, 

Hecrctari/  of  the  '"reasiiry,  Wnshinfitnii,  7).  C. 

S    I'PLE.MENTAL   BICPORT. 


San  FRANcntiCo,  Aiifiitst  if),  1887. 
Sir  :  We  arrived  from  the  islands  at  Unalaska  August  a.  The  cutter 
livsh  came  in  same  day,  leaving  earlv  t'lo  morning  of  the  (ith  for  the 
fur  seal  islands.  On  tlie  7th  the  .Vnitrican  schooner  Anna,  with  380 
seal  skins,  was  brimght  into  port  by  a  cutter  otlicer,  having  been 
seized  by  Captain  Sneppard,  She  reported  the  seizure  of  the  British 
schooners  Mari/  FAlcn,  'M'*  skins,  and  Alfred  Adams,  1,400.  The  cutter 
also  took  400  skins  landed  on  an  ishmd  by  the  JiritisU  .schooner  Lottie 


206 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


Fairfield  in  the  Bering  Sea.     This  makes  a  total  of  5,300  seal  skins 
seized. 

1  can  not  too  highly  coin  mend  Capt.  L.  1).  Sheppurd  for  the  energy 
and  correct  business  methods  he  has  di8i)layed  in  the  execution  of  his 
orders. 

The  owners  of  the  Angel  ])oUy,  seized  by  me,  told  me  last  night  they 
intended  to  make  a  light  before  the  court,  but  they  least  of  all  have 
any  ground  of  defense,  as  they  were  on  Otter  Island  killing  seals  when 
sighted  by  me. 

I  am,  very  respectfully,  Geo.  K.  Tinole, 

Treasury  Agent. 
Hon.  C.  S.  Faiucuilu, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  Washington,  I>.  C. 


Inclonirm  with  Tinijle's  annual  report  for  1SS7;  shipping  rit"Hpis. 

I.sLA.N'i)  OF  St.  Patl,  AnguntS,  18S7. 
This  is  to  certify  that  85,000  fiir-aeal  skins  have  this  <lay  Imi^ii  shipped  on  board 
the  Alaska  Coiuiiiorcial  Company's  steamer  .S7.  Paul,  M.  C.  Krskiiio,  niasti^r. 

Geo.  li.  TiN(JLK,  Treacury  Aijent. 

Island  ok  St.  Okokgk,  Augngt  i,  1SS7. 
This  is  to  certify  that  3,938  fur-seal  skins  have  this  day  hoon  slii])i)ed  on  board  the 
Alaska  ("ommorcial  Company's  steamer  St.  Paul,  M.  ('.  Krskine,  master. 

,J.  P.  Mancuestek,  Assistant  Treasuni  Agent. 

Island  ok  St.  Gf.()1((je,  Jidg  C'?,  1SS7. 
This  is  to  certify  that  11,0G2  fur-seal  skins  have  this  day  bci'ii  shipped  on  board 
the  Alaska  Commercial  Company's  steamer  »S7.  Paul,  M.  C.  Krskine,  master. 

J.  P.  Manchestei!,  Assistant  Treasury  Agent. 


1888. 

Special  Agent  Tingle;  annual  report  for  18S8. 

Office  of  Special,  Agent  Treasury  Department, 

St.  Patil,  Island,  July  ^11,  1888. 

Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  a  rei)ort  of  the  operations 
of  the  fur-seal  islands  of  Ala.ska  for  the  year  ending  July  31,  1888. 

I  inclose  the  Alaska  Commercial  C 'ompany's  steamer  St.  Paurs  receipts 
for  100,000  fur-seal  skins  "taken  and  shipped."  S*atemei.t  A  shows 
the  daily  killing  of  seals,  from  which  you  will  .see  tl  «  number  of  large 
seals  killed  after  the  close  of  the  season  of  1887  for  native  food  was 
4,88.5,  of  wiiicli  number  the  Alaska  Commercial  Comi)any  accepted  on 
the  (luota  of  1888  4,030;  there  were  50  rejected,  being  under  size,  and 
19(5  rejected,  stagey. 

Two  tlnm.siind  one  hundred  and  seventy-seven  small  pups  were  killed 
in  November  for  native  food,  being  047  less  than  were  killed  the  pre- 
vious year,  while  the  stagey  skins  destroyed  this  year  were  .504  less 
than  the  year  last  preceding.  This  was  owing  to  the  fact  of  tho  Alaska 
Commercial  Company  accepting  and  salting  all  the  stagey  skins  that 
were  but  slightly  touched,  so  as  to  save  all  that  it  is  possible  t<)  pass  as 
merchantable  skins. 

The  large  killing  of  seals  in  November,  December,  and  January  for 
food  showed  an  unusual  number  on  the  island  at  that  sea.son  of  the 
year.     Mr.  Manchester,  assistant  Treasury  agent,  in  charge  of  St.  Paul 


T 


ALASKA  indi:st.;tes. 


207 


Island,  had  the  natives  salt  in  the  company's  salt  honse  a  large  portion 
of  tlie  meat,  which  pave  tiieni  a  better  supply  than  they  liave  had  for 
several  years  in  the  winter  when  the  islands  are  depopulated  of  seal. 

Staten)eiit  B  sliows  the  kiliiiijj  on  St,  I'anl  and  St.  (ieorfje  consoli- 
dated eacrh  month.  The  extremely  s!iiall  mnnbcr  of  seals  rejected  this 
year,  viz,  liT.'i,  attests  the  care  wliich  is  exercised  in  killintj  the  quota  of 
1()(>,(M)().  Tliis  insifjnilicant  loss  is  tlio  more  reniai  kable  when  it  is  con- 
sidered that  in  the  drives  many  larjic  bulls  awd  yearling  seals  are 
driven  up  to  the  killing  grounds,  which  have  to  be;  separated  in  the 
j)ods  when  clubbing.  The  iiresence  of  these  seals  among  the  killables 
is  very  end)arrassing  to  the  clubbers,  as  they  can  not  be  turned  out  to 
return  to  the  sea  until  nearly  or  quite  all  the  acceptable  seals  are 
kno(;ked  down,  when  they  are  driven  off  to  the  water  unharmed. 

The  sealing  throughout  the  season  progressed  without  any  serious 
interruptions,  ami  was  concluded  in  a  most  satisfactory  manner  by  the 
lessees  on  both  islands. 

There  has  be<'n  general  good  behavior  among  the  natives  on  both 
islands  during  the  ])ast  year,  owing  to  the  strict  disci]»line  and  (-areful 
wat<!hfuliiess  of  the  (JovernnuMit  ollicers  in  charge.  The  natives  have 
pertbrnic<l  their  work  during  this  sealing  season  with  alacrity,  each  one 
manifesting  a  dispositicni  to  do  his  whole  duty. 

The  breeding  rookeries  were  later  lilling  this  year  than  for  several 
years  i)ast.  I  may  say  that  fully  thrfc<»-fourt lis  of  the  cows  and  bulls 
were  ten  days  later  hauling  out  than  usual,  which  at  the  time  gave  the 
impression  there  would  be  a  slioitage  this  sea.son  of  killable  seals  as 
well  as  breeders.  I  am  hai)i>y  to  be  able  t(»  report  that,  although  late 
landing,  the  breeding  rookeries  are  filled  out  to  the  lines  of  measurement 
heretolbre  made,  and  some  of  them  much  beyond  those  lines,  showing 
conclusively  that  seal  life  is  not  being  dejjleted,  but  is  fully  up  to  the 
estimates  given  in  my  report  of  1887. 

The  marauders  which  infest  the  sea,  shooting  and  harassing  the  seals 
on  their  way  to  the  islands,  T  am  sure  is  the  main  cause  of  their  late 
larding  this  year;  and  if  this  unlawful  slaughtering  of  the  fur  seal  in 
Bering  Sea  is  not  in  srmie  May  ettectually  stop])ed,  tliey  will  adopt  some 
other  route  and  make  a  home  on  some  other  land,  most  likely  on  the 
liussian  side.  The  number  hauling  out  on  our  islands  will  each  year 
grow  rai)idly  I'.-ss,  when  it  wouhl  be  inii)ossible  for  any  lessee  to  secure 
the  quota  tliey  may  by  contract  be  allowed  to  take,  and  your  world- 
wide famous  seal  islands  would  l)e  in  a  short  time  reduced  to  the  home 
of  a  few  straggling  seals,  and  as  a  source  of  revenue  be  entirely 
destroyed.  Although  this  (luestion  (>f  unlawful  killing  of  seals  by 
schooners  titted  out  in  British  Columbni  ]iorts,  as  well  as  American, 
has  been  referred  to  at  length  in  ]U'evious  reports,  I  again  beg  to  call 
the  Department's  attenti<m  to  it.  In  view  of  the  termination  of  the 
present  lessees'  "ontract  on  the  1st  day  of  May,  18',H),  which  gives  them 
Init  one  more  season's  killing,  it  is  of  the  highest  imjortance  some  defi- 
nite and  prompt  a(!tion  should  be  taken  looking  to  the  preservation  of 
seal  life,  or  the  valuable  seal  pro])erty,  Avhich  could  be  nnide  to  yield  a 
larger  revenue  to  the  Government  tluui  it  does  now,  will  soon  be  of  no 
value.  With  absolute  ])rotection  the  seals  will  incre!';e  so  that  a 
greater  number  could  each  year  be  taken,to  keep  ])ace  wit ki  theinci-'ased 
demand,  and  the  piice  cheapened  to  the  ])eople  of  the  world,  and  par- 
ticularly to  those  of  moderate  means  in  our  own  country,  who  would 
be  glad  to  enjoy  the  comforts  of  the  beautiful  seal  garment.  On  April 
4  the  steam  whaler  Orca,  Cajitain  Ualdray,  touched  at  this  island  on 
her  way  to  the  Arctic  Ocea"  The  captain  very  kindly  sent  on  shore  a 
tile  of  San  Francisco  papers  up  to  the  oth  of  March,  together  with  a 


208 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


quantity  of  fresh  fish  and  vegetables.  In  return  for  Lis  kindness  tlic 
Treasury  agent,  Jlr.  Manchester,  and  the  Alasiiii  Conunercial  (.'oni- 
pany's  agent,  Mr.  lledpatli,  sent  him  oft"  some  ])r<'seiit8. 

The  weather  hist  winter  and  spring  was  exceptionally  mild;  the  lowest 
temperature  in  December  was  14°,  January  8°,  and  February  2°  above 
zero,  and  then  only  for  one  day  in  each  of  the  niontlis.  The  ice  did  not 
make  its  appearance  around  either  of  tiie  islands  or  even  in  sight,  con- 
trary to  the  usual  custom.  This  is  accounted  lor  by  the  ])revaiiiiig 
winds  being  Cot  and  southeast  instead  of  north  and  northeast,  as  is 
generally  the  case. 

The  condition  of  the  natives  on  the  two  islands  remains  about  tlie 
same  as  heretofore  reported.  They  are  slowly  becoming  more  American- 
ized and  are  perfectly  hai)py  and  contented,  as  they  well  may  be  witli 
the  treatment  they  receive  at  the  hands  of  the  Alaska  Commercial 
Company  and  the  Government.  The  usual  number  of  deaths  occurred 
thisyear,  mostly  the  result  of  imi)rudent exposure.  Although  thebest 
medical  treatment  is  furnished  tliem,  with  medicines  free,  they  fail  to 
give  that  caretul  attention  to  nursing  which  is  necessary  to  bring  them 
through.  When  they  are  remonsnated  with  for  exposing  themselves 
unnecessarily  in  bad  weather,  they  generally  reply  in  Eussian,  "Never 
mind;  to  die  is  fjood."  AVheu  once  prcjjarcd  f  c  death  by  the  priest  of 
the  (Jreek  Churcu,  they  calmly  and  happily  a^^  ^ittheend.  No  tearsare 
shed  by  the  I'elatives  of  the  deceased  and  no  sorrow  is  manifested  in 
the  household.  If  it  is  a  wife,  the  husband,  according  to  their  custom, 
makes  the  coftin,  and  if  a  husband,  then  the  nearest  nude  relative 
makes  the  coftin.  The  body  in  all  cases  is  taken  to  the  church,  where 
services  are  held,  at  the  conclusion  of  which  every  man,  woman,  and 
child  kisses  the  corpse  on  the  forehead  and  on  the  left  cheek.  The 
body  is  then  carried  to  the  grave  by  the  lelatives  and  buried.  A  i'o,\v 
days  after  the  funeral  a  tea  i)arty  is  given  at  tha  house  of  the  deceased, 
f>nd  is  usually  largely  attended,  mostly  by  the  female  portion  of  the 
population.  After  forty  days' nionrniiig  aiul  i)rayer,  the  surviving  wife 
or  husband,  as  the  case  may  be,  is  at  liberty  to  marry  again. 

The  sanitary  condition  of  the  villages  on  Ixith  islands  could  not  be 
better;  and,  indeed,  will  compare  very  favorably  with  th"  small  towns 
in  the  States,  if  not  put  many  of  them  to  shame,  could  they  be  com- 
pared. 

On  t!ie  17th  of  June,  at  noon,  the  Un  ted  States  man-of-war  Thetis, 
LieutenantComnuinder  Emory,  arrived  at  this  island  and  anchored, 
having  on  board  his  excellency,  A.  P.  Swineford,  governor  of  Alaska. 

Commander  Emory,  with  a  number  of  his  ofticers  and  the  governor, 
came  on  shore,  and  were  met  at  the  landing  by  the  Treasury  oflicials 
and  Alaska  Commercial  Company's  agent,  Dr.  11.  II.  Mcliityre,  by 
whom  a  cordial  welcome  was  extended  the  distinguished  visitors. 
Every  facility  was  off'ered  the  governor  to  lurthcr  the  object  of  his 
visit.  He  was  placed  in  possession  of  the  fullest  inlbrnuition  from  th(^ 
books,  and  by  personal  observation  as  well  as  incjuiry  among  the 
natives,  as  to  the  management  of  tlie  fur-seal  islands.  The  entire 
8hii)'s  party  were  taken  to  the  rookeries  by  the  Treasury  agent,  as  well 
as  ui)ou  the  seal  lields,  through  the  salt  ho'ises  ami  store,  schoolhouse 
and  church,  where  the  governor  looked  into  everything  critically.  He 
took  occasion  to  express  himself  as  highly  i)leased  with  the  condition 
of  the  natives  and  the  management  of  the  (lovernment's  interests  and 
the  relation  of  the  lessees  therewith. 

lie  was,  indeed,  quite  profuse  in  his  i)raise  of  the  company's  care  and 
provision  for  the  natives,  as  well  as  the  correctt  methods  of  condncf  ing 
the  Covernment  business.     lie  thouglit  it  could  not  be  improved  on. 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


2i)0 


The  jjovcriKir's  visit  caii  liav(i  'mt  one.  lostilt,  iis  he  is  a  fair  man,  viz, 
to  {:;ive  him  the  data  luaiiiod  by  ]MU'soiial  kiiowlod^ie  on  wliicli  Ik;  will 
base  a  report  coircctinj;'  many  of  tlit!  errors  into  which  he  was  led  in 
his  last  report,  by  accepting  as  true  the  false  statements  of  a  man  named 
Anderson. 

The  visitors  were  entertained  at  the  (rovernment  House,  and  on  the 
IStli  the  Treasury  agent  returned  their  visit  and  was  entertained  at 
dinner  on  board  the  ship. 

The  United  States  revenue  cutter  Bcdr.  (!ai»t.  ^^.  A.  Mealy,  arrived 
and  anchored  at  this  island  ou  tlie  Hitii  of  .iuiie,  the  day  bet'oro  the 
arrival  v)f  the  Thrtis,  iShe  brought  our  mail  and  i)apers  from  San  J'ran- 
eisco  up  to  May  L'5.  The  two  ships  left  on  the  l!)th  at  .'5  ]).  m.,  under 
sail,  for  IJnalaska.  The  Bear,  after  cruising  to  the  south  and  east- 
ward, returned  to  the  island  on  the  7th  of  July,  departing  again  the 
morning  of  the  8th  instant  at  daylight. 

The  ITnited  States  revenue  cutter  RuhIi,,  Captain  Sliepjiard,  arrived 
at  the  island  on  tlie  U.lth  instant,  bringing  mail  tor  the  islands  from  San 
Francisco  np  to  July  2,  and  the  tirst  intelligence  we  had  of  the  action 
of  the  two  National  conventions. 

The  cutter  lUar  anchored  here  on  the  20th  instant  and  left  on  the 
21st  for  the  Arctic  Ocean.  She  had  cruised  quite  extensively  in  the 
Bering  Sea  since  sue  was  last  here.  Captain  ilealy  reported  to  me 
that  he  had  not  sighted  any  schooners,  which  indicates  an  unusual 
absence  of  marauders  this  year.  In  a  letter  from  Captain  (Hover,  of 
the  United  States  cutter  Wah-olt,  by  the  Uimh,  1  aai  informed  that  the 
American  sclmoners  had  decided  not  to  enter  Bering  Sea  this  season 
to  kill  seals.  Cai)tain  (Hover's  oiiportunities  in  Puget  Sound  tbrobtai'i- 
ing  correct  information  are  good.  He  is  fully  sustained  by  the  reports 
from  (Japtains  Eealy  and  She])pard  who,  up  to  the  last  of  this  mouth, 
have  not  sighted  a  single  marauding  vessel  in  Bering  Sea. 

The  good  work  of  the  United  States  revenue  cutters  last  year  in 
seizing  the  vessels  unlawfully  engaged  in  sealing  has  had  a  salutary 
efl'ect. 

While  the  vessels  have  kept  out  of  Bering  Sea  up  to  this  date,  they 
have  vigorously  i)ursued  the  fur  seals  in  the  Ncnth  Pacific;  Ocean 
en  route  to  their  home  on  the  islands  of  St.  Paul  and  St.  (Jeorge,  kill- 
ing and  destroying  a  very  large  number. 

All  the  obligations  of  the  lessees  were  performed  to  the  entire  satis- 
faction of  the  Government  oilicers,  and  in  strict  accordance  with  their 
contract. 

Although  the  schools  are  as  well  sujtplied  with  every  facility  for 
teaching  as  can  be  fouiul  in  any  Eastern  town,  yet  the  native  chil- 
dren make  but  limied  progress  in  their  s-tudies.  They  are  extreinely 
dull  and  indifl'erent  about  learning,  and  are  not  en(!ouraged  by  their 
parents  to  study.    They  are  particularly  averse  to  learning  ICnglish. 

I  leave  St.  (Jeorge  Island  in  charge  of  ('apt.  A.  P.  Loud,  assistant 
Treasury  agent,  and  St.  Paul  Island  with  Mr.  J.  P.  Manchester,  assist- 
ant Treasury  agent,  in  charge. 

Mr.  William  Cravitt,  assistant  Treasury  agent  iu  charge  of  St.  George 
Island  during  the  ])ast  year,  and  myself,  return  to  our  homes  as  per 
Dejjartment  letter  of  authority,  March  5,  1888. 

liespectfully  submitted. 

Geo.  R.  Tingle, 

TrcuHury  Agent. 

Hon.  C,  S.  FAiROiliLt), 

Secretary  of  the  Treamtrji,  W((sliington,  IJ,  C. 

H.  Doc.  92 11 


210 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


INCLOSUUE  WITH  TINCMCS  ANNUAL  liKI'OUT  FOR  1888. 
Census  January  1,  ISSS. 


i-i-''-     fi?e^: 

Males. 

Females. 

Deaths. 

Adults. 

5  to  17 
years. 

Under 

5  years. 

Adults. 

5  to  17     Under 
years.  15  years. 

Total. 

227 
119 

Births. 

St.Panl 64 

St.  George j          80 

1 

58 
29 

19  1         15 
13  j           8 

81 
37 

34 
22 

20 
10 

20 
15 

8 
7 

A. —  .Iniiunl  utaii'meiil  of  fur  neuh  liilled  on  St.  Paul  Island,  .tlaska,  during  the  i/ear  ended 

July  31,  ISSS. 


Date. 


Rookery. 


Number  of  seals  killed 
natives'  food. 


for 


188: 
.July 
Aug. 


Sept. 


Oet. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


81  I 

1  ' 
:( 

16  I 
24  ! 

5 

fl 
15  . 
2K 

0 
17 
2« 

1  I 

3 

4  \ 

6  I 

2li 

2B  1 

9 

15 


Skins 
reject'  d 


N  n  tn  her  of 
seals  killed 
liy  lessees 
for  LKins. 


Northeast  Tolnt 39 

Zoltoi 137 

lialaucu  over  ou  sliil>uient. . .  j | 

ZoltDi 113 

Reef  ami  Lukanuon I  201i 

English  Hay .Wl 

Middle  Hill : I  -lO:) 

Eiiglisli  1  av I I  :i56 

Zoltoi ■ ' lU: 


39 
137 


.do 

.do. 

...do. 

.do. 


100 

no 

lOH 
70 


113 

20!t 
521 
408 
85fi 
192 
10(1 
110 
108 
7«: 


39 
137 


118 

2ii7| 

.1 10 

408 

8,i« 

188 

75' 

41 1 

5U 

44i 


Accopted.j  ^ 


Reef 1,018. 


1888. 

Jan.    25 

May   19 

24 

28 

31 


do 1,182 

do 32 

Zoltoi 05 

Middle  Hill Oil 

Reef 82 

Middle  Hill  and  Tolstoi , 185 

....do ' j     4!>0 

Sen  Lion   Rock  and  South-  I  1 

west  liav ' 1    169 


65 

Oil! 

82 
185, 
450; 


65. 
590 

78 

185. 
445 


6 
25 
75: 
58' 
32 


211. 

4i. 


June 


Northeast  Toint 

Tolstoi  Reef  and  Sea  Lion 

Reef 

do 

Northeast  Point 

Reef  . 


169     167 


545 

131 

113 

82 

82 


545 
131> 
118 

82 
8^ 


1 


532 
121! 
1131. 

82. 

82. 


7 

9 
11 
12 
15 
16 

i8  ; 

19 
19 

21 
21 

22 
22 

23  I 

25  I 


Reef  and  Zoltoi 

Tolstoi 

Southwest  Ray 

Knglirth  Day 

Halfway  Point 

Reef  and  Zoltoi 

■Southwest  liay 

Northeast  Point 

Tolstoi 

Northciist  Point 

Itcef  and   Zoitoi 

Northeast  Point 

Halfway  Point 

Northeast  Point 

Knglish    Rav,  Tolstoi, 

Middle  Hill 

Northeast  I*oint 

So\itliwi»t  Hay 

Northeast  Puiut 


39. 
182 

56. 
118. 

207. 

5U!I 

897 

852 

181 

75. 

41  . 

50. 

44'. 


Aggregate. 


CO 


,89 

137 

.56] 

113 

207 

519 

403! 

356] 

180 

75 

41 

50 

44 


65. 
584 

78. 
188 
486 

107. 


and 


119  2 
112  1 

81  1 
82.... 

120  li 
175.... 
337  5 
541  2 
570  8, 
424  4 
780  8 
757  7 

1,468  22 

487  3 

914  16 

1.  882 

1,.5H8 


IG 
11  . 


788 

11 

2 

691| 

9 

2 

56! 

4. 

086 

8. 

1,429 

11  . 

856 

U. 

... 

05  . 
590 

78 

185. 
445 
I 
167 

532 
121 
113. 
82. 
82. 
121  . 
175. 
342  . 
543. 
.584 
428. 
788 
764  . 
1,400. 
490. 
930. 
1,398 
1,004  . 
799 
700 


505. 

073. 

1,440. 

870. 


cn     ^m 


39 
187 

56 
113 
209 
.521 
408 
356 
192 
100 
116 
108 

76 


65 
611 

82 
185 
450 

169 


.545 

131 

118 

82 

82 

121 

175 

342 

543 

587 

428 

789 

764 

1,490 

490 

080 

2  1,400 

1,604 

801 

702 


565 

873 

1,440 

870 


39 
137 

56 
113 
209 

wn 
4u:t 
356 
192 
lUO 
116 
108 
76 


05 
611 

82 
185 
450 

169 

545 
131 
113 
82 
82 
121 
175 
342 
543 
587 
428 

1  789 
764 

.  1,499 
490 
030 

2  1,400 
1,604 

8U1 
702 

505 

073 

1,440 

870 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


211 


A. — Annual  atalemcnt  of  fur  aeah  killed  on  St.  Paul  Island,  Alaska,  etc. — Continued. 


Eookory. 

Nninber  of  aeals  killed  for 
natiyeH'  food. 

NUTO 

Bva 
by 

her  of 
H  killed 

AgKresiite. 

i 

a 

■a 

a 
a 
o 
>. 
« 

2 

"3 
1 

Skina 
rejected. 

for  Hkiiis. 

1 
0. 

go 
CO 

1 

c 

a 

'i 

... 

::: 

... 
::: 

•• 

N 

'x 
u 

s 

rs 

a 

1 

e 

•0 
a 
3  . 

7 

Date. 

6 

t 

"3 
•a 
§ 

1 

3 

1888. 
Juno  26 

En-lish  Bay,  Middln  Hill, 
iiiui  TolMt<)i 

I 

1,144 
1,496 

1,968 

14 

1,158 
1,509 

2,005 

850 

911 

1,180 

1,098 

625 

1,625 
964 
2,071 
1,413 
1,188 
1, 439 
822 
1,  241 

1,942 

446 

1,  491 

1,699 

490 

906 

2,398 

1,740 

1,  082 

959 

1,  554 
927 

1,337 
912 
773 
550 
480 

2.004 

1,158 

2fl 

Northeast  I'oiiit 

13:.... 

37' 

1,508 

27 

Koef,   Zoltdi,  Kt>l<)vn,     and 

1 

! 

2,005 

27 

847|      3.... 

903       8.... 
1.177       3,.... 
1,083     15.... 

020,      5 . . . . 
1        1 
1,607,     18.... 

960'      4'.... 

2,054    n;.... 

1,410       3'.... 

850 

28 

i 

911 

28 

1,180 

29 



1,098 

29 

i 

625 

30 

MM<U«   Kill,  JviigliHh   liay. 

i 

I 

'  1,625 

30 

1 

964 

July     2 

1 

2,071 

N'ortlicast  I'oint 

1                                   1 

1,413 

3 
3 
4 
4 
5 

Hallwny  I'diiit 

Northei'iHi  I'oint 

1,175     13.... 

1,433       6.... 

812     10.... 

1,233       8.... 

1,921     2"'.... 

442       *.... 
1,457     34.... 
1,595     14.... 

489       1.... 

905       1.... 
1 

2,375     23.... 

1,724     16.... 

1,068     14!      1 

930       9  . . . . 

1         1 

1, 508     46       3 

921       fl 

1,  188 
1  439 

8''2 

Nortlicast  I'oint ' 

Kn-iirth    Hiiy,    Tolstoi,    ami  |          )                     j          1 
Lukaniioii '■        -'■ 

1,241 
1,942 

5 
6 

Nortlit'iiKt  Poiii  t 

\iovit  iiihI  /oltoi 

446 
1.491 

6 

1,609 

7 

Halfway  I*oint 

490 

7 

Nortlicast  point 

906 

9 

Knj^lisli    Pay,    Tolstoi,    Lu-  |          i           1          1           i 

2,398 

n 

1,740 

10 

1.1183 

11) 

Is'orllu'ast  I'oint  ....           ..             i 



...    '9,59 

12 

KiiKlJ.sli    lliiy,  Miil.lle  Hill,  | 
AiHlTolsloi  

3    1,,')57 

12 

Nortiicast  Point 

927 

13 

Southwest  Bav -.. 

1.325 

12  .... 

3 

1,337 

13 

Xortlieast  Point 

9I)',I 

912 

14 

Kalfwav  P()int 

768       r, .... 

547       3.... 

473       7       1 
1,  977     27  ... . 
1,029       tl.... 
2, 034     211       1 

773 

14 

Noi'tlienat  Point 

i      550 

15 

AVest  Point 

481 

16 

Keef  and  Znltoi 

2,  004 

16 

1,038  ... 

2,054' 

1,328... 

2,216... 

1,004>    .. 

1,4111... 

705  .. . 
2,018... 

046  . . . 
1,  1,57  . . . 

190[... 

742... 
1,269;... 

917}... 

347... 

970  . . . 

1,019... 

1,028... 
1,353,... 

6.10J... 

950... 

1 ,  038 

17 

2,  Il,'i5 

17 

Nortlieast  l*oint 

1  320 

8.... 
3.-, 

1,328 

18 

South  west  Hay 

2  181 

2,216 

18 

Northeast  Point '. 

995       ».... 
1  397     13 

1,004 

19 

Halfway  Point 

1,410 

19 

Northeast  Point 

702       3  . . . . 

2,  (103     15  , . . . 

044       2 

705 

20 
20 

Keef  and  /oltoi 

Nortliea.st  Pitint 

' 

2,018 
646 

21 

Knglisli  Hay  and  Tcdstoi 

1,1 3« 

1!).... 

1,1. -17 

21 

188 

190 

21 

Northeast  Point 

736       6.... 

1,247     22:.... 

913       4l.... 

;i45       2.... 

962       8 . . . . 

1.588     31.... 
1.U25       3 

742 

23 

Keel',  Liikannon,  and  /oltoi 

.    1,269 

23 



017 

24 

Halfway  Point 

347 

24 

Xorthejist  Point 

970 

25 

Knglish    Hay.  Aliddle   Hill, 
and  Tolstoi                      ,,-. 

1 

1,619 

25 

Northeast  Point 

i 

.    1,028 

26 

1  330 

23  ... . 

.    1,3,'J3 

26 

647 

6,50 

27 



935,     15;.... 

950 

Total 

2,177  4,885 

4,  asff 

4,630 

■'• 

1 

190  84,110   8eo|     16 

85,  OCOl  271  85, 271 

212 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


ivcr.osrBF,K  wiru  tinolf/s  annual  report  for  iggg. 

Annual  statement  nf  far  aeaU  hitlfA  im  St.  (Irorge  Inland,  Alaska,  during  the  year  ended 

.filly  ."11, 1888. 


Kookery, 

Nnmbpr  of  deals  killed  for 
nativBs'  food. 

Number  of 

seals  killed 

l>y  iBHsees 

for  skins. 

AggrBKate. 

Date. 

i 
t 

a 

3 
u 

* 

1^ 

1 

as 

Skinn  re- 
jected. 

1 
s 

•< 

1 

a 

1 
i 

IB 

i 
1 

.g 

m 

u 

si 

-1 

o 
H 

1887. 
July  31 
Aug.    3 
6 

4 
53 
41 
86 
23 
61 

4 

53 
41 

%( 

• 
4 

IJear .,  itmfttttut. 

.')3 
41 
87 
23 
61 

53 
41 

87 
23 
ni 

!>3 
41 
86 
23 
61 

53 

East 

41 

12 

do 

1 

87 

20 

do 

2b 

23 

22 

...  do ,. 

61 

44 

24 
45 

61 

Sept.    5 
10 

North .f......#..^.... 

44  44 
24     24 

45  45 

44 
24 
45 

44 

ZupiUluiO rr  ttt90t»0t  tt4 

24 

19 

do ,,,,,„,*,,,,,* 

East ,,,,,,,,.,,^^4, 

45 

Oct.    24 

126 

24 

126 
24 

126 
24 

120 
24 



126 
24 

126 

Nov.    1 

Near ..,,,,,,, ^,,#,.,. 

742 
614 

24 

7 

do ,, , 

1888. 

North , 

121 
272 
455 
227 

121 

121 

11 

272 

272 

12 

iSUirry  At«t-1,  ^urth  mid  Kmi.. 

...... 

455 
227 
427 
324 
704 
908 
894 
438 
341 
341 
530 
503 
648 
389 
1,169 
810 
508 
694 
407 
683 
360 
5(0 
179 
405 
159 
520 
142 
408 

.... 

455 

16 

227 

18 

427    .... 
324    .... 
764    .... 

90,i  1.... 
894       1 
438  ' 

427 

19 

Starry  Ateel,  JipFiU  utM  KuMfl  . 

1 

324 

22 

do ,,,,,*,,,.,,.- 



764 

25 

008 

26 



805 

27 

Kast , ,,,^,,^,^ 

....;;;;. 

438 

29 

Starry  Ate»fl  m.ij4  VtffiH^**^*^*. 

341 
341 

630 
503 
648 
389 
1,169 
810 
508 

341 

July     2 

Zapadiiio *********,,/*,, 

... . 

341 

East 

....... 

1 

530 

4 

Starry  AteeJaiwJ  ^*triU..,...^. 

,     1 

1 

503 

6 

Eaat ,-,.  .,,,,,,^wfw 

1 

648 

9 

380 

10 

Starry  At*-«|  himI  fitffih 

1,169 

2 

East 

, 

810 

13 

1 

ri08 

16 

1 

694 

1       B94 

17 

North ' 

407 
683 
360 
550 
179 
405 
159 
520 
142 

.... 

407 

18 

Starry  AUmland  KMtH., .,,,,. 

08:1 

19 

/bpadoii' ^r-f^ffj      ^  .' 

366 

20 

550 

23 

'  Zapailnh; ..,,,,,   ,       ,,<,. 

179 

24 

1  Starry  At*^l,  .N'^tl^  itt$ti  VaH.. 

^ 

405 

25 

ZapadDiii '■■,,.,.,.,  ^ 

I 

1 

159 

26 

starry  Atwl,  Urnth  miA  KiWt  . 
Zapaanitj 

' j 

520 

27 

1 I 

14% 

27 

Starry  At«<;I.K</rtba(i4Ka«t -  i 1 

408  j.... 

408 

Total., , , 

!        1 

1,350  ^^   K7J) 

414 

1 

113  iiB-onn 

2 

15,000 

115 

16,115 

1 

i 

ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


213 


Contolitlatcd  annualreport  of  fur  seals  Mlled  at  the  seal  islands  of  Alaska  during  theyear 

ended  July  31, 18S8. 


4 
53 
41 
87 
23 
61 
44 
24 
4S 
126 
24 


filled  for  natives' 

food. 

ins 
ted. 

Killed  l),v  tlui  les- 
sees for  akius. 

Aggregate. 

s. 

0 

a 
s 
o 
t-. 

1 

i 

■a 

-1 

1 

Sk 
rejcc 

Skins    ac- 
cepted. 

i 
h 

e 

1 
1 

3 

Total  skins  received 
bv  lessees. 

k 

•35 
a 

Wherti  and  when  killed. 

5! 
u 

1 

P, 

1 

81.  Paul. 

1887. 
Jnly 

39 

39 

39 

39 
o50 
961 
1,005 
135 
910 
603 

528 

394 

26. 649 

52, 830 

39 
o56 
976 
1,020 
135 
918 
612 

532 
398 

39 

a  50 

1)0 

980 
1.051 
300 
943 
S19 

545 
408 

980 
1,051 
300 
943 
619 

S45 

408 

076 
1,020 
135 
918 
012 

53? 
398 

4 

"25" 

7 

13 
10 

■'si' 

165 

15 
15 

4 

31 

165 

25 

7 

13 

10 

10 

0 

980 

1,051 

oOO 

November 

2,177 

8 
9 

4 
4 

280 

555 

"'16' 
6 

943 

iJftcember 

619 

1888. 
Jannary 

545 

May 

4118 

26, 920     26, 939 

3nlv 



53.  385  '  53.  391 

"  1 

Total 

2,177 

4,885 

4,  885   4, 630 

59 

196 

84,110 

890 

16 

271  1  85,  000  '  85, 271 

HI.  C  orge. 

1887. 
Jnl7  31 

ai 

264 

a4 

264 

a4 

Aritfrini 

2B5 

113 

126 

24 

265 

264 

1 

lis' 

1 

1 
113 

2fl.'i 

113 
126 

'       lis 

Octofier 

126 

126 
24 

5,171 
9,411 

126 
24 

5,171 
9.411 

216 

1,3S« 

24         'li 

24 

1888. 
fTnne 

1 

1 

5  172 

July 

1 

0  411 

15.115 
100, 38S 

Total 

1,356 

528 

528 

414 

1 

113 

15.000 

2 

115 

15.  000 

Total,  both  islands. 

3,533 

5,413 

5,413  |5,044 

60 

309 

99, 110 

890 

18 

386 

100,  000 

a  Balance  over  shipment. 
Alanka  Commercial  Company,  in  account  with  the  United  States  at  St.  Paul  Island. 

Dr. 

Angunt  1,1887.  To  supply  of  coal  foniative  me  an  per  lease,  40  tons;  flHh,fiO  barrels; 
niilt.  reiiuisite  quantity;  barrels,  requisite  <iuantity;  uiuintcnance  of  school,  eight 
months. 

Cn. 

A)iKii«t  1,  1887.  Ry  coal  for  native  use  as  per  lease,  40  tons;  fish,  60  barrels;  salt,  all 

they  wisli ;  barrels,  all  they  wish. 
April  26,  1888.  Maintenance  of  school,  eight  months. 

Alaska  Commercial  Company,  in  account  with  the  United  States  at  St.  George  Island. 

Dr. 

Angiist  1, 1887.  To  supply  of  coal  for  native  use  as  per  lease,  20  tons;  fish,  20  barrels; 
salt,  aa  required;  barrels,  as  i'e(j^uii'bd;  niaiutenance  of  school,  eight  luoiiths. 

Cr. 

Angnst  1, 1887.  By  coal  for  native  use  as  per  lease,  20  tons;  fish,  20  barrels;  salt,  all 

tliey  wish ;  barrels,  as  rocjuired. 
April  30,  1888.  Maintenance  of  school,  right  months. 


214 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


ST.    I'AUL  ISLAND. 

The  Alaska  Commerdal  Company,  to  oil  fund  avcouiil. 

Dm. 
1887. 
July  31.  TolmliincH $151.52 

Cu. 

Oct,    H.  iSy  r«|)iiirH  on  iiiitivc  well  nntl  jmiiip $1.50 

'i!>.  'I'lirfiiiK  native  wcll-lioiiso 1.00 

188H. 

May  li).  I.nlior,  <'l(!aiiinK  niitive  WBll'-hoiiHo l..')0 

liC.  Kupiiira  on  niitivo  imnip U.  <!.") 

10.05 

niiliincr no.  «7 

The  .ll(inl:a  Commercial  Company,  to  yeneralfiindtaccoiinl. 

Dh. 
1887. 
.July  ;tl.  To  l.iilanco $110.70 

Ch. 
1888. 
May  lit.  Hy  liibor  for  tlcaning  streets 7.50 

Uiilance 10;i.  20 

■ST.    GEOUGK  ISLAND. 
Alaskn  Commercial  Compain/,  in  account  with  general  fund. 

.July  HI,  1888.    To   tincH  inipoHod   by  (ioveiiiiiU'iit  ollifcrs  on  nutivcH   from 

August  21,  18HH,  to  date,  lor  viol.'ition  of  orders  and  various  ott'onNcs $258. (iO 

Noll'., —  It  is  j)ropoH(Ml,  unless  otherwise  ordered,  to  use  tlie  al)ov(^  aeeiiniulation  of 
lines  to  build  (or  the  use  of  the  niitive.s  a  meat  and  ico  house  to  carry  theui  through 
the  season  when  the  seals  are  stagey. 


Island  or  St.  Oeoh(!K,  July  .to,  7,9,9,9. 
This  is  to  eertify  that  !t,!tl8  fur-seal  skins  have  tliis  day  been  Hhipi)eil  on  board  the 
Alaska  ('ouiuiorciul  Company's  steamer  >V.  I'anl,  whereof  M.  ('.  Krskini'  is  master. 

William  Gavitt,  ^luaiatanl  Treuaury  Ayent. 

IsiAND  OF  St.  Paul,  Aiiyuxl  n,  ISSS. 
This  is  to  eertify  that  H5,000  fur-seal  skins  have  this  day  been  shipi>ed  on  bo.ard 
the  Alaska  Commercial  (.'onipauy's  steamer  Ht.  I'anl,  whereof  M.  C.  Krskinc!  is  master. 

Gko.  \i.  TiNiiLK,  Treasury  Agent. 

IsLAXi)  OF  St.  GKOitCK,  AuguKtn,  7,9,S',9. 
This  is  to  certify  that  5.052  fur-seal  skins  have  this  day  been  shi)))ie(l  on  board  the 
Alaska  Commi^cial  (company's  steamer  St.  Paul,  eoinmanded  by  M.  ('.  Krskinc. 

William  Gavitt,  Aaaiatant  2'reaaury  Agent. 


1HR9. 

Special  Agent  Ooff;  Annmtl  Report  for  1889. 

St,  Paul  Island,  July  31, 1889. 

Siu:  I  liavo  tlie  honor  to  tr.aiisiiiit  ii  voi)()it  of  the  operations  and  the 

condition  of  tho,  .seal  ishmds  of  Ahi.'^ka  for  the  year  endiiij;  .July  .SI,  1889. 

I  also accej)t  and  inclose  the  reports  of  .Mr.  .1.  P.  Manchester  siimI  Capt. 

A.  P.  Loud,  assistant  Treasury  agents,  of  St.  Paul  and  St.  George 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIKS. 


215 


islands,  resiiectively,  they  luiviiiK  been  personally  in  cliarpe  of  tliese 
islands  for  the  past  two  years.  Tlie  inclosed  tabniatcd  mortality  tables 
made  by  Dr.  C.  A.  Lntz,  tlie  resident  piiysician  of  this  island,  are  eorrect 
and  worthy  of  eonsideration, 

1  shall  eontiiie  my  remarks  to  the  Island  of  St.  Paul,  as  1  have  had 
no  opportunity  to  visit  St.  (ieorye  island  since  my  iirrival  here,  .lime  1. 
I  am  satistit'd,  however,  from  tlu^  information  I  hiive  leceived  from  Col. 
Joseph  Mui ray.  Treasury  a;;»'nt,  now  in  char^ie  of  St.  (ieorye  Island, 
that  the  Slime  condition  ofaihiirs  exists  there  as  on  this  (St,  Paul)  island. 
]iy  referriu};'  to  the  itemized  statement  of  sivins  tiilieii,you  willobserve 
the  number  of  pups  killed  for  lood  duriufr  tlie  fail  of  l.SSS  was  L'. 178, 
This  was  an  niiusually  small  nuudier,  exce|)tin}i'  the  year  previous,  but 
it  was  adjudged  the  ])roper  \)cv  cent  to  kill  under  the  existiu};'  circum- 
stances and  resiiectiiifj  the  future  of  the  rookeiies.  The  kiilinji' of  a 
larjie  number  of  merchantable  seals  for  food  Inilowed  duriiifj  the  winter. 
These  skins  were  salted  ami  accepted  by  the  Alaska  ('ommereial  Com- 
pany as  ])art  of  their  (piota  of  skins  for  this  year. 

The  (irst  appearance  of  the  bulls  ut  their  usual  annual  haunts  was 
May  f),  but  the  cominj,'  of  these  animals  to  the  rookeries  was  unusually 
late,  followed  by  a  late  ap|)earance  of  the  cows.  At  fn;st  it  was  suj)- 
posed  that  the  severe  winter  had  jtrevented  the  seals  from  returninjjf 
as  in  the  past,  but  close  observation  on  the  part  of  5lr.  .1.  P.  Manches- 
ter revealed  the  fact  that  it  was  owiiifj  to  the*  scarcity  of  the  seals, . 
which  was  to  him  very  jjerceptible  as  the  season  advanced,  and  as  the 
killiufi  by  the  Alaska  Commercial  Conii)any  jjroceeded,  the  daily,  weekly, 
and  monthly  receii>ts  were  jniich  smaller  tluin  ever  before.  The  small 
nnmbcrof  pn])s  killed  in  the  fall  for  i'ood,  the  late  appearance  of  the 
bulls  and  cows  the  following  si)ring  in  large  iSchools  as  in  the  past,  and 
the  alarming  decrease  in  the  daily,  weekly,  and  luontlily  re<!eipts  of  the 
Alaska  Comnu  rcial  C()m])any,  and  as  a  dernier  resort  by  said  comi»any 
to  secure  their  10(),()(l(>  skins  the  killing  of  snndler  seals  tluin  was  cus- 
tomary, attest  conclusively  that  Mr,  .1,  P.  JNIauchester's  observations 
were  undoubtedly  correct,  that  there  is  a  sciircity  of  seals,  and  that 
within  the  last  year  or  so  they  are  from  .some  cause  decreasing  far 
beyond  the  increase. 

As  this  is  the  last  year  of  th»!  present  lease  and  there  is  a  new  lease 
to  be  made,  I  would  resjjectfully  suggest  that  it  is  of  vital  iin])ortaiute 
to  the  existence  of  seal  life  that  the  annual  (pu)ta  in  the  future  be 
limited  to  the  taking  of  (i(»,(Hl(»  skins  as  tlu^  nniximum  from  tiie  Tribilof 
Islands,  ."iL'jOOO  from  St.  Paul,  Otter,  and  Walrus  islands,  and  7,500  fnmi 
St.  (Jeorge  for  the  first  five  years  of  the  lease.  At  the  expiration  of 
said  time  the  niunber  to  be  iiuneased  or  decreased,  as  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  may  deem  advisable.  The  work  of  killing  seals  and  salt- 
ing skins  has  been  accomitlislicd  oidy  through  the  assistance  rendered 
by  labor  imported  from  I'nalaska,  as  the  number  of  laborers  on  the 
island  was  too  snnill  to  comj>lete  the  task  within  the  limited  time  allotted 
by  the  Coverinnent.  Py  reference  to  the  census,  you  will  see  that  the 
iidiabitants  are  annually  decreasing,  and  that  the  females  are  largely 
in  excess  of  the  nuiles.  Here  I  will  say  that  1  heartily  concur  with  Mr. 
T.  V.  Kyan,  formerly  Treasury  agent  to  these  islands,  whose  letter  to 
the  J)ei)artment  bearing  date  A\)y\\  8,  1880,  upon  this  subject  was 
referred  tome.  And  in  reply  to  Department  letter  to  me.  bearing  date 
31ay  (i,  1880,  will  say  that  some  way  to  infuse  new  life  into  these  few 
remaining  i)eoi)le  should  be  devised  by  the  J)epartment  iit  once  ami 
speedily  executed  before  it  is  too  late,  it  is  imimssible  tor  the  Treas- 
ury agent  in  charge  to  receive  reliable  information  concerning  the  wishes 
anu  coudition  of  the  natives  elsewhere  ou  the  Aleutian  chain,  whether 


21G 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


tliey  are  williiip  or  even  Avould  come  to  those  isluiids  to  live.  He  lias  no 
facility  lor  traveling  loeitlier  Otter  or  Walrus  islaiuls.  liolli  witliin  a 
ranf>e  of  10  niile.s  to  this  island  (and  it  is  his  daty  to  visit  them  rx-ca- 
sionally),  without  it  is  throufjli  tlu^  courtesy  cixtcnded  hy  the,  Alaska 
('omniercial  Company,  and  at  no  little  ex|ienst>  to  ||i(>  company.  If  it 
is  deemed  advisable  to  send  a  vessel  alou};' the  Aleutian  chain  to  secure 
stronji',  hcallhy  male  laborers,  who  arc  wiliiii};;  to  come  to  these  islands 
and  make  them  their  future  homes,  it  should  be  done  atomrc,  under  the 
sniiervisioii  of  a  Treasury  afjcnt  lumiliar  with  the  conditions  of  St. 
J'anl  and  St.  Cu'orf^e  islands,  accompanied  by  a  I'-sident  pliysiciaii  from 
one  of  the  islands. 

On  June  L*7  the  Alaska  ('omnieicial  Company,  throuf^ii  Dr.  II.  H. 
Mclntyre,  their  jiciu'ral  niamifjer,  liirnislied  me  a  boat,  manned  and 
ri{iK<'tl»  and  1  visited  Otter  IslamI,  and  found  about -.(MH>  killable  seals, 
and  nniiiy  Mere  in  the  water  near  l)y.  U'ndcr  the  i)resent  lease  the 
lessees  are  not  allowed  to  kill  seals  on  iliis  island.  Consei|uentIy  they 
are  not  molested,  unless  taken  by  i»irates,  whicii  has  been  the  result 
once  or  twice  in  the  i)ast.  Tiiis  island  iincl  Walrus  should  bo  imluded 
in  the  next  lease.  The  nund)er  of  resident  Inbcaers  on  this  island  at 
])resent  is  .W,  aged  from  (i.'i  to  l.'<  years,  classilied  as  follows;  (blubbers, 
(i;  stickers,  (i;  tlippers,  8;  skinners,  ."51'.  TIm)  number  of  laboreis  from 
Unalaska  is  2.3.  These  men  did  jicneral  work,  such  as  salting  skins, 
booking,  bundling,  and  delivering  them  to  the  warehouse  ready  for 
shipment.  This  entire  work  was  Ibrnierly  done  by  the  natives,  but  of 
late  years  the  native  force  became  too  small,  compelling  the  Alaska 
Commercial  Company  to  intioduce  labor  from  abroad.  These  men, 
however,  are  paid  by  the  Alaska (^onnnercial  Com])any,and  the  natives 
receive  the  entire  ])roceeds  of  the  catch.  The  nund)er  of  seals  killed 
ui)on  this  island  this  season  was  «"),()()(»  and  sea  lions  2~>.  The  killing 
commenced  .June  5  and  ended  July  .'51.  The  natives  n'alized  ^'Mi,7i^)\),H(i 
for  the  seasou's  catch,  which  was  distributed  as  per  inclosed  statement. 
On  June  2(!  the  United  States  man  «if  war  the  Tlietin,  Lieutemint- 
Commander  Stockton,  arrived  from  Sitka;  also  the  United  States 
cutter  Mush,  Captain  Sheperd.  The  Thciis  left  the  following  day  at 
r.oon  for  St.  Michaels,  en  route  for  Point  Harrow,  and  thuJiiisli  June  28, 
for  a  cruise  through  JJering  Sea. 

On  July  LS  Mr.  Webster,  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company's  agent 
at  Northeast  Toint,  this  islan<l,  sighted  ascho<  tier  about  r>  miles  off  the 
island.  On  July  L'o  the  United  States  cutter  I\'unli,  Cai>taiii  Sheperd, 
again  anchored  at  east  landing,  and  informed  me  that  he  had  soi/cl 
the  Jivitish  schooners  Matiiv  and  liUtck  Dhimoud.  The  Maltie  was 
seized  July  17,  and  had  on  board  418  seal  skins.  The  llUicIc  Dinmond 
was  seized  July  11,  with  7(1  seal  skins  aboard,  lie  also  informed  me 
that  there  were  no  less  than  thirty  schooners  in  Bering  Sea  with  pred- 
atory intentions.  If  these  i)iratical  vessels  are  allowed  to  butcher 
the  seals  regardless  of  age  and  sex  the  seals  of  Alaska  will  soon  be 
extermin.atecl.  The  prosperity  of  these  world-renowned  rookeries  is 
fast  fading  away  under  the  present  annual  catch  allowed  by  law,  and 
this  indiscreet  slaughter  now  being  waged  in  these  wateis  will  only 
hasten  the  end  of  the  fur  seals  of  the  Pribilof  ishinds.  Captain  Sheperd 
is  a  faithful,  conscientious,  and  eneigetic  oilicer,  and  is  deserving  the 
loudest  encomium  from  the  Department,  but  without  assistance  it  is 
impossible  for  him  to  police  these  waters  elfectnally. 

On  the  retirement  of  Mr.  J.  P.  Manchester  the  Department  loses  a 
feailess,  faithful,  and  honorable  oflicer — one  Mho  has  in  the  perform- 
ance of  his  duties  redected  credit  ui)on  himself  and  honor  on  his  Uov- 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


217 


erninent.  Ciipt.  A.  P.  Loud  has  also  diHchargcd  liis  duties  in  a  credit- 
jiulo  manner,  and  rotires  from  ollice  leavinfj  a  record  to  be  envied  by 
his  BiKM'x'SHor. 

In  conclusion,  I  desire  to  say  tliat  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company 
has  not  only  strictly  con  Conned  to  tiie  requirements  of  the  lease  during 
the  jtresent  season,  hv$  has  manifested  a  generous  protectorate  over 
the  natives. 

Uespectfully  submitted.  Chaeles  J.  GoFF, 

Treasury  Agent. 

lion.  Wm.  Windom, 

Secretary  of  the  Treanury. 


INCLOSUUKS  WITH  (iOFF'S  ANNI'AI,  liKPORT  FOT  1889. 

Annual  aUitement  of  fur  leah  killed  on  St.  I'aiil  Island,  Alaaka,  during  the  year  ended 

July  .'II,  1SS9. 


Rookery. 

Nuir,t)er  of  (ealH  killed 
i'or  natlTe»'  food. 

KumlHTof 

Healt  killed  by 

IciHeea lor 

(kins. 

Aggregate. 

Dttte. 

■i 

B. 

a 

a 
a 

! 

1 

'/J 

0  g 

to 

Acrept«d. 

1 

1    1 

a 

d  ^ 

it 

i 

a 

% 
'I 
en 

1888. 
A.,g.    2 

Zoltoi 

177 
140 

\:,» 

304 

321 

10 

114 

100 

08 

98 

83 

98 

III 

126 

177 

140 

150 

304 

321 

19 

114 

100 

08 

98 

83 

08 

111 

126 

177 

140 

159 

362 

321 

19 

98 

97 

98 

08 

""2 

"io 
3 

172 

5 

177 

140 

150 

362 

321 

10 

98 

97 

98 

98 

83 

98 

111 

126 

177 

do 

134         6 
158         1 
349       13 
313         8 

140 

It! 

do 

159 

23 

364 

24 

Zoltoi 

321 

24 

do 

19 
95 

19 

Sept.    6 
15 

do -. 

3 

114 

do 

02         6 

100 

22 

..  do 

08 
98 
83 
08 
111 
126 

98 

29 

.    ..  do      

98 

Oct.    13 

[iiikuiiiion 

83 

83 

18 

27 

Nov.     3 

5 

Middle  Hill 

08 
111 
126 

.... 

08 

do 

111 

Middle  Hill  and  Zoltoi 

128 

Unnf 

701 
547 
710 
l.'-.l 

7    do 

8    ilo 

... 

9    iln 

15 
26 
HO 

Dec.   17 
26 
1889. 

May  22 
25 
28 
31 

Middle  Hill 

277 
111 
129 
200 
78 

124 

41 

234 

133 

277 
111 
120 
2(l« 

78 

124 

41 
234 
133 

277 
111 
127 
190 
78 

124 

41 

234 

133 

'"2 
.... 

274!        3 
110         1 
125         2 

277 
111 
127 
190 
78 

124 
41 
234 
133 
201 
120 
947 
762 
340 
895 
1,054 

1,160 
1,270 

494 
1,561 

253 
1,205 

1,355 

754 

2,578 

.... 

1 

277 

Keef 

HI 

do 

129 

TolHtoi 

190 
78 

206 

., 

78 

122 
41 
231 
133 
192 
119 
944 
751 
330 
885 
1,053 

1,143 

1,264 

494 

1  ,541 

2 

124 

Keel' 

41 

do 

3 

234 

133 

Juiiu    5 

Keef 

...:...::: 

9 
1 
3 

U 
1 

10 
1 

17 
6 

1 

201 

10 

do 

' 

120 

12 

ToKitoi 

047 

14 

Zoltoi  mill  Keel' 

78;! 

15 

Southwest  llav 

341) 

17 

Httll'way  Poiii't 



895 

17 

NortlioiiMt  Point 



1,054 

18 

UnuliHli  liny,  Tolatoi,  nnd  Mid- 
dle Hill..' 

1, 161 

18 

NortlieaHt  Point 

1  270 

19 

do 

404 

19 

R*M'f,  Zoltoi,  and  Liikunnon 

20 

.... 

1  561 

20 

SouthwoHt  Mav 

252 

1 

253 

21 

Nortliea.Mt  Point 

1,197 

1,330 

749 

2, 546 

8 

25 

5 

32 

1,205 

1,355 
754 

22 

Entfliah  Bay,  ToUtoi,  and  Mid- 
dle Hill 

24 

Norl  heast  Point 

24 

RtM'f  and  Zoltoi 

2,578 

218 


Ar.AHKA    INUUSTUIKS. 


JiiHiial  utiilcmi  III  0/  fur  maU  killid  (III  >7.  I'uiiI'h  IhIuihI,  .thuikii,  rti-. — Continiit'd, 


.1)1 


D«t<i, 


July 


Itoiikiry. 


NllllllUT  <>l' 
Niiiiiix'i'  111'  oPiiU  kllli'il      niMiU  killid  hy         .       ,    ,  , 
liir  UftllviH'  I'immI.  Icmhi  um  IVir  ^i).(,ri  (,'"" 

nklliH, 


J 


IHH». 
Jllliii  'JS 


I                                                               I  I 

\  nallwny  I'niiit  iiiiil  I.iik.'iiiniin.. , 

\nIlIlH.I>*(   Pnirit ' 

Kiicli-li  lluvaiiii  Ml.lill.»lllll...j 

NiiI'llll'MSt   I'nilll 

Siiiilliwc-t  lliiv I 

N'cprtlii'iiHl  Piiiiit : ,. 

I   lii'ir, /ip1I<i1.  mill  Ki'liivlii 

Ndlttit'iint  I 'dill  t I. 

' ill) 

Kimll-»li  llav  anil  TiiImIiiI 

NiirlliiMst  I'nilll 

{{t'l-l, /nitiii,  anil  Lukaiiiinli   

Hallway  I'liiiil    

NlllllirasI  I'nint 

Kni.'liNli  l!av,  TiilHliil.aiMl  Mill- 
ille  Hill    .' 

Kci'l'.  /iilliii.  anil  I.iikaiiiinii ' '. 

Niirtlii'a«t  I'liiiit 

Si)lltll\vr»t  I'.av 

Nnrlltiast  I'ldiil 

Kii^'linli  Hav,   TiiUliii,  and  Mlil-  I 

I      Ml-  Hill.: 

I  XiiMlira'il  I'liint 

Ki'i'l.  /nltiii,  anil  l.iikanndii 

[  NiirlliiMsl  I'nilll 

Kniilixli  I'.ay  mill  Tiilsl 111 

Niirtlii'aHl  r.iiiil 

I   Hallway  INiinl 

Niirll'iii-I  I'nint 

Kii'l  anil  Znlliii 

Soul  li  w  f8t  liiiy . . 

Nnrlhra^I  I'nint ,    . 

Kiiv'lisli  n.iv  anil  Miililln  Hill 

Nnl-tliraMl   I'nilll 

Ki'cl',  /ollni.  anil  laikaiiiiiiii I 

NnlMhna.sl    I'nilll J 

'  Hall'wav   I'niiit   anil  Liikaiinon  ' 

lii-acli 

Niirtlieaxt  Point 

I.at'niin.  Kii^li.sli  l>av,  ami  Jliil- 

I    (111-  Hill ; 

NiiillicaHt  I'nint 

Sniitliwi'si  Bay 

Niirllirasi  I'nint 

ItiM'l'  anil  /.iilini 

Niiillii'a~t  I'liinl  

English  r.a.\,  Mnlillo  Hill,  anil 
I       Liikanniiii 

Nnrlllralif  I'liint 

Hief,  Ziiltni.  anil  Ivi'liivii 

Nnrtlli'llst  I'nint 

Hallway  I'nint 

Niii'llirant  I'nint 

KnjiliHli  liavanil  Miililln  Hill 

Niirllifast  i'nint 

SiiiitliwnsI  liay 

Nin-tlirast  I'niiil 

'  Zolini  anil  I.iiliannon 

I   Knirlisli  liay  anil  Miilillx  Hill 

XortliraHt   I'nint 

Hallway  I'nint 

Siintliwt'st  Hay 

Nortlii'aat  I'nint 


070 
1,407 
1,3U 

441 

311 

H44 

1,3  in 

47B 

3US 

1, 038 

1,200 

0123 

H34 


Total 3, 178  3,  :i4 1  3, 341  3, 302 


85, 053 


1 
.\ii 


Sci 

()0( 

Xo 

1 
JIa 
iliii 


A 


NoTK.— ■riio3'.lnkins  ii'iiTiiiil  in  tlin  I'dihI  killin.;  wriii  Kivi-n  to  tlin  natives  for  their  uiie.    The  14 
skiiia  reJectuU  duriuK  suuliug  uouauu  wuru  aUu  yivuu  tu  lliu  uative»  I'ur  their  uae. 


ALASKA    INDUSTUIFS. 


219 


Annual  flalfineut  of  fur  uruln  killed  uii  SI.  deonif  Inland,  .ilaaku,  ihiriiu/  Ihn  ijiur  emIiU 

July  2'J,  liiH'J. 


Niirlli  Hiiil  Kiutt 

KUHt 

/apiuliilu 
ill) 

Niiitli,  KuMt,  anil  Slarrv  Alml 

Kiist 

Nnilli  anil  Starry  Ati*l 

/a|iiiilni 

Ka«t  Mini  Niirtli 

/.apaihiiti 

KasI  anil  Starry  Ati'il 

/a)iailiiii) 
I  North,  £»Ht,  anil  Starry  Atvil 
....  .(In 
I  /CnpnilnlK 

North,  KaMt.nnil  Starry  Ati^el 
I  /apnilniii 

Niirtli.  Ka.ft.anil.Slarry  Atri'l 

/npnilnii 

Ni)rlh,  l':asl,an<l  .Slarry  Atcrl 

Xa|iailniii 

NiMiii.  lOast.anil  Starr.v  Ali-fl 

i  Zapailnii"  ....   

I  North,  Ka.'it.and  Slarry  \Wv\ 

j  /apailnin 

;  North.  Kast,  anil  Slarrv  Atrel 

do ; 

Zopailnii' 

North.  Ka8t,auil  Starry  Alecl 


Total 


a  There  wn»  only  one  re.jccted  skin  through  the  whole  killinj;  season. 


The  Alaska  Commercial  Cumpani/  in  account  with  the  I'niled  Slalen  at  St.  I'anl  Island. 

I)u. 

Aug.  1,  1888.  To  coal  for  nativo.s  (a.s  per  loasi'),  10  tons;  lish,  (!0  biiirols;  salt,  rcqui- 
niU'  (luaiitity;  biirrolw,  leniiisite  <iuiiiitity  ;  iiiaintctiaiKU!  of  .school  8  iiioiiths. 

Ck. 

Aiifi.  1, 1888.  Ry  coal  for  natives,  10  tons;  liali.  all  they  wanted;  salt,  reqni.site  (iiiaii- 

tity;  baiTcls,  rciiuisitc  iinaiitity. 
April  25,  1889.  Muiuteuauuo  of  schools,  8  luouths. 


220 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


The  .tlaska  Commercial  Company  in  accotiitt  with  SI,  Paul  Inland. 
June  1,  1889.  To  balance $322.2:.' 


By  Renoral  fuii<l $182.  55 

ByoM  oil  iucoiint 139.67 

322.22 

The  Alaska  Commercial  Vompanij,  in  (ircount  iH'h  the  United  States,  at  St.  (leorge. 

Du. 

Aug.  1, 1888.  To  ccal  for  natives,  20  tons;  flsli,  20  barrels;  salt,  reciuisito  (luaiitity; 
liarrels,  requisite  quantity;  luaiutoiiance  of  scliool  ciglit  months. 

Cii. 

Aug.  1,  1888.   Uy  coal,  20  tons;  fi.sli,  20  barrels;  sau,  re(iuisite  quani;ity;  barrels, 

reciuisite  quautity. 
Apr.  27, 1889.  Maintenance  of  school,  eight  inontha. 

The  Alaska  Commercial  Compann,  in  acconnl  icith  the  Inland  of  St.  (leo.-i/e. 

Dr. 
May  31,  18C...  To  balance $258.60 

Cu. 

May  31,  1889.  By  fines  rtoposited   by  fiovcrnmcnt  ollicers   for  violation  of 
orders  and  viirious  otVenses  during  several  years 258.60 

Consolidated  annual  report  of  fur  svaln  killed  at  tlie  seal  Uliuidx  of  Alaitkii  diirimj  the. 

year  ended  July  ,<1,  1SS9. 


Killed  for  natlvn' 

food. 

Killed  l)ytlic>  les- 
sees lur  skins. 

Skins    nc-     ~ 
eepted.       '  5 

a,' 

X 

2 

Aggregate. 

i 

s 

5 

"a 
H 

c 

Skin 
Jec 

i 
1 

8  re- 
ed. 

t 
1 

1         '    %C 

Wliero  and  when  kill^'d. 

a 
2 

i 

S 

c 
■O 
a 

33 

I-' 

c 
'it 
■n 

Total  skins  nc 
by  lessees 

Total    seals    1 
during  the  y 

St.  Paul  Itland. 

1888. 
Augiist 

1   180 

1  lan 

1,178 
301 
202 
041 
208 

,.32 

2 
10 

! 

1,145 

383 
'u\2 

ii'is ' 

2li8. 

,'■,27 
23,  lUs 
57,321 

2 
IP 

1 

1 

1,178      1,180 
301          4lO 

Sejiloniber 

410       410 

«...  . 

»)ct()lM*r 

2<J2       292 
043       043 

202          202 

November 

2  178 

2 
10 



0 

2 
10 

041          043 

284       284 
532!      532 

288         284 

1889. 
May           

5 

278 

532         632 

1 

1 

13 

23  440    23  447 

Julv 

031         13 

58  252   58  205 



Tola'    

2,178   3,341    3,341 

3,  302 

3d 

83,  731) 

1,201        14 

53 



9 

72 

85  000   85  053 

St.  Gcorfif  Inland. 
1888. 

1 

a  10      n  10 

71)1       "111 

40H       408 

73         73 

«10 

aiifl 
73 

nIO. 

7.12 

73. 

a  10 

nIO 

Do 

SI 
32 

"w 

7,VJ         701 

31)8          408 

73           73 

<,!& 

188!). 
Mrv 

128       128 

12K 



12H 
3.  572 

i 

128 

128 

12 

.3,  .584'     3,584 

July 

1            { 

10,010 

41 

1 

JO,057    10,058 

! 

Total    

978   1,44U    1.  1411 

1,.35!» 

4.«fil 

41 

80 

40 
40 

14,047 
08,080 

5.) 

'~14 

82 
135 

15,000:  15,082 

1  4,781 

Total  liutli  iAlnuilf).. 

.3,156  4,781 

1 

1,314 

100,000 

100,  135 

F 
B 


aBalaniic  »l  Hkiiis  on  hand. 


ALASKA    INDISTRIES. 


221 


Distrihutlon  of  ]iriicei(l»  from  hcuIh  liikeii  on  St,  (Seorfic  Iitland. 

For  15,0(10  skins  l.ikeii  on  St.  (Seor^^e jfC),  000 

By  division  lioni  St.  I'anl 1,300 

$7,  300 

Fir.'it  clas.i,  100  per  ront: 

I.nHteiikoir,  D.nictiia 380 

Ncilera/dtl,  ArkcnLv 380 

I'liiliniimotr.  Sini(!(/ii .380 

i'lir.irMiiiion',  KolV .380 

Mercnliir.  Si'liiistiiin 380 

GoioKolt',  Corneal 380 

Swetsoir,  Knstiu 380 

Oustijj-oir,  Alexa 380 

3,040 

Second  class,  8.")  ])i!r  cent: 

OnstiKoO',  Zaliav 323 

I'liilinnmotr,  Andnmic 323 

Malavan«kv,  Nicoli 323 

iM59 

Tbir<l  class,  75  per  cent: 

I'liiliinancdl',  Andrian 285 

Onstiuoll',  SinnMin 285 

l^akaiKill,  Stepaii 285 

855 

Fo'irtli  class,  .55  per  cent: 

Knlikaloll,  .lolin 20!t 

h'e/an/oir,  I'etur 20!l 

Mcrcniiir,  .loc, 20'» 

Hezauzoir,  luuukentv 20!) 

836 

Special : 

Lestcnkot!',  Mike 75 

Mrrcnliii',  Ocor^jc 75 

I'liilinianotl',  (ir(!{j;ory 75 

I'hiliniano    ,  Ifrenio 75 

300 

Galinin,  I'afara .50 

I'rakapoli',  I'otcr   .50 

Hozan/oli,  Sctapljcnia  (orijlian) 50 

Lestinkoti',  1  tcn-.tri.-i  (tiist  chief) .50 

Nederazoir,  Avkenty  ( second  cliict") 50 

250 

Galiiiin,  OKalcna 100 

Slianc,  liiesa 150 

250 

Lestiukoff,  He  v.  Inuokcnty 800 


,300 


Recapitulation  of  distrihiuion  of  proveedn  from  fur  mals  luken  on  SI.  I'aul  Island  for  1S89. 

8.3,721  seal  skins,  at  10  c.-nts $33,  IS!).  60 

1,276  seal  skins  cnt,  at  20  cents 2.55.  20 

25  sea  lion  skins,  at  00  cents 15.  00 

33,  759. 80 
Less  paid  men  on  St.  George 1,300.  00 

32, 459. 80 
Provisions  at  Northeast  Point 129. 80 

Distribnted  to  the  natives 32,330.00 

26  first-class  men  received,  each,  $627.85 16,  321. 10 

10  second-class  men  received,  each .  *,565.05 ,5,  (i.50. 50 

6  third-(das8  men  received,  each,  $">02.2!t 3,013.74 

4  I'ourtb-claas  men  received,  each,  $439.49 1,  757.96 


222 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


3  (ifth-class  men  received,  each,  $;{7fi.7;H $1,130.19 

3  Hoveiitli-class  men  rei'eivcil,  oai'li,  .$"_'.">  1.17 7."i3. 51 

Kcv.  I'iiul  Sliais'.inikoff if  1,  000.  00 

2  fliiel's,  extra 200.  00 

I'.Htatoof  Cn'sarShabolin 2.">0.  00 

Estate  of  Akaki  (ialkiii 2.")0.  (K) 

AVidows 2,000.00 

3,  700.  00 


Inclosiire  irith  (loff's  .Iniuial  llipnrl  for  /SSO. 

St.  I'AUL  Island,  Alaska,  Aiipvst  1,  ISS^) 

SiE:  I  herewith  present,  for  your  coii.sideratioii,  the  o^.coinpaiiyiiig 
tables.  A  cursory  e.'cainination  ol'  them  wi!l  show  that  the  i)revailiiifi; 
causes  of  death  are  jjhtliisi.s,  pneumonia,  scrofiihi,  and  bronchitis,  and 
that  the  number  of  deaths  in  seve  teen  years  has  been  {greater  tiian 
the  entire  number  of  birtiis  in  the  same  period  of  time,  or  the  total 
number  of  inhabitants  in  1872. 

In  all  f^eneral  computations  relative  to  this  i.sland  females  are  in 
e.xcess — the  average  number  of  inluibitantsbeinji',  males,  107;  females, 
lliG;  births,  males, '!;  females,  S;  deaths,  males,  8.8S;  females,  !>.88. 

The  average  population  is  about  li-l-t,  and  the  average  rate  of  death 
per  tliousaiid  is  84.;54. 

Starting  with  a  i)opulation,  in  18713,  composed  of  lOG  males  and  112 
females,  and  taking  ail  births  and  deaths  into  consideration  since  that 
time,  it  is  found  that  tlie  population  dwindled  d(»\vn  by  natural  cau.ses 
to  147  in  tiie  period  of  seventeen  years,  and  that  the  present  popula- 
tion of  22.'},  compo-sec  ;)f  88  males  and  13.")  females,  is  explained  by  tlie 
fact  that  from  time  to  time  the  number  of  inhabitants  here  was  increased 
by  the  arrival  of  people  from  otiier  phices.  Thesi;  arrivals,  apparently 
7G  in  number,  consisted  of  the  women,  ami  sometimes  of  the  women 
and  children,  taken  by  St.  I'aul  residents  in  marriage,  and  were  5  in 
excess  of  the  actual  decrease  in  i>o|iuhition  since  1872. 

This  is  a  statement  (;f  facts  only,  but  anyone  can  see  at  a  glance  that 
the  natural  tendency  of  tliese  peoi)le  is  towards  extinction,  and  that 
result,  unless  nii'asures  are  taken  to  mt^et  the  (;ase,  will  be  brought 
about  in  twice  the  ])eriod  of  time  covered  by  these  tables. 
Very  respectfully,  yours, 

(JlIAS.  A.  LUTZ,  M.  I)., 
Resident  I'lii/siruin  Alctnha  Commercial  Co. 

Hon.  CiiAS.  .1.  GoFK, 

tipceial  Agent  I'nited  Stotcs  'I'reasiiry. 


IHrlhs  for  neienteeii  iiiarn  on  SI.  rant  lnhnid. 


Year. 


1872. 

m:\. 

1874. 
187.->. 
187B. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 


M.-11. 


«■. 

I'c- 

4 

G 

1 

'6 

5 

9 

4  1 

8 

10  1 

11 

«  ! 

7 

7  ! 

12 

10 

9 

9 

12 

10  j 

10 

Tota'.. 


10 
4 
14 
I 'I 

21 
l:i 
10 

10 

■i\ 
20 


Y  .^ir. 


1882. 

I88:t. 
1H84. 
1S8."). 
1880. 
1887. 
1888. 


Tiitiil  . 


JIuii. 

1. 11 

I'- 
ll'. 

Totiil. 

8 

4 

12 

11 

8 

in 

4 

12 

10 

8 

fi 

14 

4 

1(1 

14 

•» 

II 

8 

« 

« 

12 

100 

1 

i;t9 

248 

ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


223 


Monthly  (ViHlrihiiiinn  of  morlaHlii  an  St.  I'mil  Island,  Alaska,  fur  Hcrenleen  years. 


Year. 

.Montli 

t. 

1 

c 

i 

>> 

>, 

1 

% 

X 

u 

7\ 

"       1 

>. 

i 

>. 

U 

3^ 

rt 

el 

^ 

t) 

Ti 

K, 

►5 

<1 

•^ 

^    1 

«.J 

5    i 

^ 

W12  . 

:i 

1 
1 

1 
1 

1 

5 
•1 

\ 
...... 

1 

1 

2 
1 

■> 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 
...... 

10 

I«7:i 

:t 
1 

1 

1.'; 

1874 

10 

187,1    

0 

187B 

17 

1877 

1 

1 

I 

;i 

0 

1 

I 

18 

1878  . 

(i 
:i 
:t 

4 

4 

r 

1 
;i 

H 

III 
n 

I 

•i 

1 
I 

7 

21 

1879 

2 

ii 

12 

18 

188i' 

1 
I 
r> 

1 
1 

20 

IR8I 

17 

1882 

1 
1 

'1'* 
..... 

50 

]88:t 

26 

18H4    -  -  - -  -  - 

;■; 

1 

1 

'1 

12 

ISRri 

1 

1 

1 

14 

1886 

1 

1 

1 

1 

:i 

1 

U 

1887 

1 

1 

1 

11) 

■i 

1 

21 

1888. 

Total 

1 

H 

4 

(i 

;i 

:) 

27 

;ii; 

17 

\:> 

2'.) 

;j(; 

U-i 

■Jii 

•M 

i;i 

IH 

;)1 

21 

;ii9 

Miirtality  in  ri\l'ercnrr  Id  ai/r  on  SI.  I'aiil   hhuid  fur  ni-nnti't'n  years. 


Yeiir. 


.Mall-,- 


I'ihUm- 

IMIC 

viar. 


1  1., :. 

'.■(-ars. 


')  ii.  Ill  liiio2iii;uii):i(i:iiiiii40  40  innoriOtoOoGOiii 7(i 
years,    yi-ar.s.    yi-ars.    yc-ai-s.    vi-ara,    years,   yeara. 


Total. 


1872. 
l.'7:(. 
1874. 
187.';. 
1H7G. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
188:t. 
1884. 
1885. 
18H6. 
1887. 
1888. 


Total . 


n 

9 

;i 

5 

n 
Ii 

!l 

ii 

10 

(i 

29 

111 

4 
5 
5 
11 

ir> 


4 

II 

12 
12 

9 
111 
II 
21 
i:t 

8 

9 
9 
10 
12 


151 


108 


2 

4 

:i 

1    .. 

1 

') 

;! 

1    . 

3 

1 

I    . 

III 

I    .. 

9 

I 
■  > 

n 

1 

t» 

9 

4     .. 

i 

- 

2 

9 

'» 

2 

5 

4    .. 

I 

III 

14     .. 

1 

7 

12 

i;i 

H 

-1 

1 

7    . 

:i   .. 

2 

I 

2 

1 

:i 

2 

1 

O 

o 

5 

4 

1 

'J 

'J 

:i 

2 

6 

2 

10 
15 
10 
» 
17 
18 
VI 
i8 
20 
17 
50 
26 
12 
U 
U 
21 
27 


9d 


10 


310 


(ieneral  rniiril  of  dialhs  at  SI.  I'luil  Island.  .Masln.  far  scrcnlnn  years — 1S7.?  to  ISiS.S, 

ill  (hi  si  re. 


Diaeane. 


Se.K. 


("Inii  r.  Zymotic  iliHonsoM 2ii  0,20 

Class  II.  Const  it  lit  ioiiiil  iliseases 84  20.  'S.'< 

Classlll.   Lo(-ai  iliMiiisi-,-) 99:11, o:i 

('la,><H  IV.   l>evilii|iiiii-iiialilii'eases 40  12,  5:1 

Class  V,  Violent  ileatli,-4 12   :!.76 

(.■Ias8\'l.  Peatlis  li-oni  i-anses  not  rt-    i  ' 

rurded '  64  20. 00 

Total '■!!9 

I'erient  to  total  mortal  itv I... i'l 


11 

:i8 

48 
IH 
Ii 


a*         .^         ^ 
9 

to 

.•|1 


;i4 


108 
52.  68  29. 


9 
10 


AKes. 


1  3i 
»      II 

;i  4 
..I  1 
1 .... 


29       10       1 


1 


o 


>. !  >. 


!  3  I  S 


I       ,1 


20 


70 
21.914 


15'     20 
70,6. 20  10. 


:i4 

6510. 


3       9 


33  31 

34  9.715. 


:i;     1 

8       4 

3       2 


10       7 
01  2, 19 


224 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


General  record  of  deaths  at  St.  Paul  Island,  Alaska,  etc. — Continued. 


1 

3 

1 

1 

Sex. 

Ages. 

Dlsnaae. 

i 

] 
1 

i 

•3 
2 

i 

a 
1 

3 

* 

0 

0 
1 

2 

I 

9 

2 

S 

1 

i 

i 

I 

s 

c 

i 

t 

0 
0 

i 

Class  I. 
Order  1.  Minamntic: 

1 
1 

DvHyiiterv 

1 

1 

1 

Ft>ver,  ty'plioid 

1 
7 

1 

7 

1 
3 

1 

2 

1 

1 



4 

3         3       1 

Ori1er2.  Eiitlictio: 
Svnliilis         

1 

i 

OrilcrS.  Dietir: 

5 

1 

25 
7 
5 

1 
5 
1 
3 

1 

....        I 

1 



1 
1 

1 

i 

Class  II. 

Ordorl.  Diathetic: 
liheumatoid  artliritin 

1 

63 
14 

j 

Orders    Tiilirrciilar: 

riitliisis  piilmonalis 

Scrofula 

38 
7 
1 

2         5 
2         4 
1         1 

3  7 

4  2 
2    2 

20 

14 
2 

8 

3       1 

Taboa  luoBOBtcrica 

o.::" 

1 

CLAriSlII. 

Order  1.  Xcrvous  system : 

1 

' 

8 

3 

8 

3 
2 
5 
1 
1 

1 
1 

6 

1 

: 

1 

2 

S 

2 

1 

12 
2 

1 

5         3 
1 

4         3 

.... 

EdiIpdhv 

ij    ■  1 

1 

1 
1 

'2 
1 

11 

1 

Singultus 

1 
j 

Order  J.   Circulatory: 

1 

1 

i 

Orders.  KcH|)initoty : 

5 

1 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 
.... 

2 

1 

Broiicliitis,  rnpilliiry 

2 

I 

1 
43 

7 



..... 

1 
1 

Lun^s,  conjxeation  of 

1 

} 

9 

1 

""i 

7 

1 

1 

Pneumonia 

Order  4.  Digestive  system: 
Bowels,  intlammatlon  of 

23 

5 
I 

1 

2 
1 

6 

6 

1 

.....   3 

6 

6 

5 

5    3 

Gastritis 

2 

3 

? 

1 

1 
1 

1 

Enteritis 

1 

Class  IV. 

Order  1.  Children: 

Birth,  premature  and  stillborn 

Cyanosis   

1 

Order  a.  W(uuen : 
Childliirth 

2 

1 

20 



1 

1 

Peritonitis,  piicrper.il 

Order  3.  Nutrition: 
Atroidiy,  inanition,  marasmus 

j 

8 
7 

I2I          8 

9 

2 

2 

3        2 

Class  V. 

Violent  deaths; 
Fall      

1 

1 

Order  1.  Casualties: 

1 

1 
1 
3 

1 

30 
151 

1 

Scald 

1 

8 

■ 

1 

1 

«4 

310 

■■■■5 

1 

; 

AHphyxiati(m  and  sull'ocation 

Order  2'.  Suicide: 
By  iiistol-shot  wound  in  lioad 

Class  VI. 

Unclassified,  unascertained 

4 

1 

1 

.... 

2 

1 

1 

3 

34 
lfi8 

29 

1A 

1 
I'l 

1 

3 

9 

9 

Total 

93       70 

1      34       33 

1         :"""" 

ar   ifl     7 

1 

ALASKA   INDL'STRIES. 


225 


I'o2>iilat>oii,  birlliH,  dcalhn,  and  tltatli  rttte  at  St.  rant  Jslmid  fur  sen'ulvfii  yearn — lS7,i  to 

WA'A',  iiiihiKivc. 


Yonr. 


Adiilla.     ■'  " 


.'i  til  17    I'liiU'r  't  = 


years.      .viNir.H 


Inliiiliit 
mils. 


I  Ji  I  a  ■  ^     I  I  ^ 

3   s,   ??   i.   a 


liiatlis.    Jiiiths. 

3!  ■    T 


&.     /', 


—       rl      f^ 


1872  « (m 

IH7;j 72 

1K7I 77 

1H7."> Kt 

1K7« 79 

1877// 81 

1878 7.") 

1879 82 

1880 80 

18S1 78 

1882 62 

1881! 82 

l.'^Sl 11" 

188f. M 

188(i u8 

1887 54 

1888c 48 


is 


oi    ;io 

;ii 

0 

in 

.58 

218 

10 

1(1 

100 

112 

l\ 

4 

I 

0 

48. 07 

(17    2;i 

30 

0 

13 

01 

217 

4 

ir> 

101 

110 

1) 

0 

1 

jj 

09. 12 

iw    22 

.'Hi 

8 

10 

70 

227 

14 

10 

107 

120 

3 

7 

;, 

9 

44.  0.5 

7,'l     20 

.■17 

11 

20 

08 

241 

12 

0 

114 

130 

.1 

■1 

1 

8 

30.  88 

•■'o    2,1 

;i:t 

10 

o.| 

73 

'•M 

21 

17 

120 

13', 

1; 

11 

10 

11 

06.  06 

85    2;i 

30 

10 

20 

80 

261 

13 

18 

120 

141 

8 

12 

0 

7 

(i8.  90 

8li      2.'-. 

33 

18 

2,') 

81 

262 

10 

21 

lis 

144 

0 

12 

7 

12 

80.15 

8I>     22 

4,') 

24 

2,^ 

80 

284 

10 

18 

128 

ITiO 

9 

<i 

10 

9 

03.  38 

88     20 

30 

18 

37 

80 

270 

21 

20 

118 

101 

10 

10 

9 

12 

71.08 

88     22 

37 

2.^. 

3,'i 

82 

28,-. 

211 

17 

12.5 

100 

0 

11 

10 

10 

59.  84 

78     21 

38 

18 

21 

1  1 

230 

12 

fiO 

101 

13,5 

29 

21 

8 

4 

211.80 

78     2U 

44 

ir 

11 

71 

230 

10 

20 

tio 

131 

13 

13 

11 

8 

113.04 

7,')     24 

47 

13 

18 

71 

237 

10 

12 

97 

140 

4 

8 

1 

12 

50.  83 

70     27 

47 

]'< 

14 

73 

2i'i7 

14 

11 

100 

137 

;, 

9 

8 

0 

59.  07 

70     24 

42 

17 

20 

07 

237 

14 

14 

09 

138 

,) 

0 

I 

10 

.59.  07 

70     18 

31 

1.-. 

10 

64 

210 

8 

21 

87 

132 

11 

10 

2 

0 

95.  89 

70     23 

37 

17 
1). 

Ct'UI 

0.j 
HT  1 

223 
>r  ca 

12     27 
•li  vcar. 

88 

13.5 

15 

12 

0 

li 

121.07 

on  tliP  3lht  0 

H  taken  Iron 

actual  roiint 

,  (all 

'n  from 

loose 

to  lo 

usr 

Mild 

vcrilicd 

l.v  llin 

cliorcli  riconlH. 

cTlie  (pnsHs  lor  1888  was  laret'nUy  taken  liy  Treasury  Af;eiil  lIuii.J.  1'.  Maiiihesler.  ami  verilied 
by  tilt)  elitireli  and  Alanka  Coninierfial  Compaiiy's  records. 

NiiTE. — Tlie  apparent  diHerepaneiesot' jHipulatidii  of  any  one  ye.Tr.  as  eonipared  with  tlie  population. 

liirlliH.  and  dent  lis  of  tile  preeedinf;  year,  are  to  I \|daineil  liv  tlie  fael  oltlic  eoiislaiil  ai:iiiial  ehan;;« 

eaiiHed  liy  tlie  ahsenee  ot' St.  Paul  residentH  \isjtiii;:  other  phu'es.  visitors  arrixinji  here  t'rotii  other 
islands, etc. ;  as,  for  example,  in  1887  the  po|iulatloii  was  210.  with  8  hirtlis  ami  21  deaths,  h.aviii};  17 
to  Iteaeeounted  lor  anioiijr  the  |ioiiiil.'itii)ii  of  223  souls  in  1888.  The  explaii'ttion  is  that  4  i't.tieor^e 
null  died  here  and  were  eotintea  in  the  St.  Paul  loortalilN' ;  5  perHonti  moved  from  St.  Iieurj.'e  to  St.- 
I'aiil ;  7  absentees,  an  visitors  to  other  idiues,  reliiruud, uud  1  woman  rcmoM.d  here  from  St,illv'hilels, 
making;  a  total  of  17, 


lllcloHure'i  with  (•({(Fx  .luiiual  Itr/iort  fr.r  /,%'.''. 

Isi.ANli  OK  St.  (iKoiiCK.  Auj/nttS,  ISSf). 
This  iH  lo  rcrtifv  tliiil  1I,!I7>>  fur-seal   skins  litivt"  tliis  dny  liceii  slu]i])i;(l  on  Iniaril 
till)  -Maska  Ciiinnifriial  ('(iiiijiaiiy's  stcaiiishiii  SI.  I'niil,  M.  ('.  I'.rskiiic,  iiiiiiiiiaiKlinj;. 

■IdSKI'll  Ml  i;HAY, 

-Inaislaiil  Treasury  Atjeiit. 

Isi.AMi  or  St.  I'An,,  Auyunt  11,  ISS'J. 

'I'liis  is  ti)  cortily  that  x.").022  fur-Heal   skins  litivo  this  day  licen  shijipiMi  (in  luiard 
the  Alaskii  Cununerciul  Uouiiiaiiy's  stoaiiier  St.  I'mil,  .M.C.  Krskine,  e(miiii<andin,i;. 

CiiAiM.Ks  .1.  (ioiK,  Treasury  Jijeiit. 


Inclotiire  u-ith  (ioff'n  Annual  Ui'imrl  fir  IsS'J;  Jteport  of  Anxixlmil  Ayrnl  A.  /'.  Loud. 

Offick  of  Special  Agent  Tiu:asurv  Dki'Autment, 

St.  (irornr  hlanii,  May  .11,  JSsn. 

SiK:  I  liavo  the  hoiioi'  to  snlmiit  for  your  inroiiiiiitioii  the  tbilowiiig 
re])ort  of  alfiiir.s  on  f'lis  island.  Since  the  departure  of  tlie  steamer 
*SY.  I'aiil,  on  August  !•,  IS88,  almost  a  continuation  of  cold,  stormy 
weather,  with  large  quantities  of  snow.  Las  prevailed.  The  lirst  drift 
ice  from  the  iiortli  arrived  at  this  islaiul  on  .lauuary  1'9,  1881),  and  cou- 
II.  Doc.  1)2 15 


226 


ALA.->KA    INDUSTKIKS. 


timu'fl  with  us  c'X<'<'|»lMijf  xiiKlif   iiitcrviils,  until  its  linal  dcpiirtuie  on 
April  !-'(>,  I.SWJ, 

TIk!  census  tiiti<'n  'laiiiiaiy  1,  KSHO,  <fivc'S  ii  native  population  of  !)(» 
(nuilcs  41  and  r<'iii5i)«;M  '>'>}',  itianiafjos  foi'  tiie  year  IS.SS,  2;  birtlis,  .i; 
deatlis,  is,  Uuiiiii:  tlx'  wiiitta-  the  bealth  of  the  peo[»lc  lias  been  gen- 
cially  };()od. 

AVc  have  had  lUtvv  vi^itorH  from  TJnabiska.  One  scbooner  was  seen 
at  two  dilVeient  (i((««  off  Zapadnie,  November  V,i  and  IS,  18.SS.  A 
binding  had  Ixen  imuU-,  as  we.  discovered  IVesb  footprints  on  the 
jiiduiid,  and  the  wiimIow  of  th(!  native  liouse  was  found  broken.  No 
serious  damage  wa«  tltiiif,  as  f  lier(!  were  but  lli  or  1")  seals  ashore.  Tin; 
seals  took  theii-  final  ilt:\r,n\urt',  from  the  i.sbiud  on  November  lib,  1888, 
and  nnide  tlieii  lir'«t.  laiidin;,'  May  .">,  188!),  on  North  llookery. 

School  coiiiineniifd  M<-(rie;nber  3,  I.S88,  and  elosed  April  L'7,  188!l,  a 
total  of  lL'S<lays,  Number  of  .scliolars  on  the  re}>ister,  .'50;  nmximuin 
attendance,  li'.t:  niiniiniim,  !."»;  averaj^e  -<>iV-.  The  teiicher,  iMi.  Alex- 
ander liUfiei  bil,  eal«  Dot  be  recommended  as  a  very  c(>mi)Otent  nniu  for 
the  ]iosition,  beeaij***'  it  in  iny  opinion  he  is  delieient  in  the  most  lU'ces 
sary  <|ualilication,  tUf,  faetiity  to  interest  the  attention  of  the  children, 
bis  apparent  rMitU'H)iUfAA  and  p<>rsistent  ne{>lij;ence.  In  addition,  the 
opposition  of  the  tiiffU  (/'hurcli  to  an  American  scliool  liere  ])revcnted 
any  jacf^K'ss  duiiii;4  the  f<-rm  just  closed.  1  very  respectfully  lecoin 
mend  that  in  th  Jutine  no  teaciher  be  employed  to  teach  the  s(!hooI 
who  speaks  tlie  iialivn  fonjjne.  J  allowed  the  cbildren  a  vacation  of 
two  Meeks  at  <.'liriMt/»as  and  a  day  whenever  it  lia])i)ene'.l  to  be  a 
national  holiday,  bfit  I  have  not  ]>ernutted  the  Greek  or  any  other 
church  to  inlerfei«  ko  i'nr  as  iny  ])ower  could  {;o  to  prevent  it. 

The  {general  bidiavior  and  conduct  of  the  natives  has  been  all  tinit 
conld  be  desiied.  Only  f»nce  liave  1  bad  to  i)nnisli  any  of  them  for  bad 
conduct.  A  box  of  medical  stores  landed  at  '^ajiadnie  from  the  Aljiska 
Commercial  I'ompaiiv'n  s<lir»oner  }'<■((> I  was  oken  open  and  the  (con- 
tents taken  out  mui  the  (greater  ])ortion  drunk  by  Peter  Oustigolf, 
Zacliai'  <)usti{{on',  and  I'eler  Kezan/.off.  1  f;ave  Zacliar  and  I'etei'  Ous- 
tififoff  each  UmtUutinlnyncstni  watcbing  at  Zai>ndnieand  iive  days  each 
workinj;  on  the  road  leadinj;;  from  the  villaj;e  to  the  cemetery.  Pete 
liczan/ofV  lied,  in  addition  to  stealing,  and  J  f^ave  him  ten  days'  work 
on  the  road.     Alexa  Oustigolf,  live  days'  work  on  the  road. 

The  most  kind  and  friendly  relations  exist  between  the  Government 
ollicer  and  the  AJa^^ka  (/'ommercial  Company's  agent  and  emidoyees.  1 
have  no  hesitation  in  Haying  that  the  rules  and  legnlationsof  the  Greek 
(Jhurch  on  thi>»  jnland  iuc  detrimental  to  the  social  and  mental  advance- 
ment of  the  pe<»ple  louard  civilization.  The  natives  here  built  and 
equii)ped  the  cliuicl)  and  they  pay  the  prie.st  and  support  his  lamily. 
And  yet  they  are  (ompelled  to  send  annually  large  sums  to  the  Greek 
Church  consistory  at  Man  Francisco,  wliicb,  under  the  circumstames, 
is  little  less  than  loblicry.  The  rule  wlii(;b  compels  jieople  to  leave  a 
close  and  warm  honw;  in  the  early  morning  of  a  cold  ami  windy  day  to 
stand  in  a  ehurcli  tliat  has  nt^ither  a  (ire  nor  any  means  t(,  beat  it  should 
be  altered  if  poHKll.'ie,  for  it  is  the  cause  of  more  colds  and  ciHighs  and 
sickness  here  tlian  all  other  things  combined.  The  marriage  law  of  the 
eliarch  become^  an  almnrdity  when  enforced  on  this  island,  and  is  the 
direct  cans  of  iniicli  rrdsery  to  young  and  old  alike.  The  most  distant 
relationship  in  Hiidicient  cause  to  prevent  a  marriage,  and  as  the  relation 
of  sponsor  is  eoioftriied  by  the  cliurcb  in  the  same  light  as  blood  rela- 
tionship, it  iniihl  Itjuil  to  bad  results  on  a  lone  island  where  the  popula- 


ALASKA    INDIISTUIKS. 


Ml  M     I 


tioii  i.s  le8H  tlmii  10(».     My  own  obsei'vatioii  jiroves  to  me  that  this  rule 
JH  the  cHiisc  of  11  giciit  ik'al  of  wroiij;'  uiul  iiuiiiorality. 
Very  rospeetfiiUy, 

A.  I'.  Lnii), 
A.s.sist(iiit  TfcdHurii  Agint. 
Hon.  <   UAELKS  J.  (lOKK, 

TrmnKvy  .[(/cut,  tSt,  VuhI  Ishoul,  AlasliV. 


Inelosiirc  with  (loff'n  Annual  Uvporlfor  l.s'SO:   Hcimrl  al'  .IxniRtunl    liiail  Mdiirlnuli')'. 

Offick  oi'  Si'KciAL  Agknt  Thkasuuv   I )K1'AUT:.U:.N'T, 

*S7.  I'd  III  I.shnuL  ■hinc  /,  hss'i. 

HlU:  I  liave  the  honor  to  submit  f'jr  your  iuformiitioii  tlic  folh)win}f 
report  of  affairs  on  this  island  since  the  departure  of  tiie  steamer  *SY. 
I'anl,  Au};ust  l.">,  18.SS.  I  anticipated  a  very  severe  winter,  and  re- 
ipiested  the  adult  males  all  to  }•()  out  alonji'  the  sliore  of  the  island  and 
gather  driftwood  for  winter  fuel.  After  askin}>-  tiiem  several  ditferent 
times  and  they  iu)t  going-,  1  selected  seven  natives  and  ordered  them  to 
go  October  12,  1888.  They  refused.  1  then  called  them  to  the  (lovern- 
irient  house  and  explained  to  thcni  the  necessity  of  their  having  fiu-l; 
tliat  there  was  but  little  on  the  island  to  sell  and  no  <loubt  a  hard  win- 
ter ahead,  and  that  they  must  obey  the  (Jovernment  otiicers.  They 
Htill  refused.  I  lined  them  as  follows:  iMartine  Nederazoff,  $1."); 
Htepan  Nederazoif,  fJlS;  Kerrick  Tarakanolf,  820;  Peter  TetolV,  !$-'(»; 
Metrofan  Shutyagin,  .Slo.  I  then  (udered  them  to  go,  and  they  obeyed, 
and  hiive  always  since  then  been  willing  and  ready  to  obey. 

The  above  anumnt  of  lines  ($8."))  was  (lejiosited  with  the  Alaska  < 'om- 
iriercial  ('ompaiiy  and  credited  to  the  general  fund.  .Vfter  this  all  the 
male  adults  gathered  a  large  amount  of  wood,  and  it  was  a  great  help 
to  them.  As  it  came  to  pass  it  was  the  most  severe  winter  in  twenty 
yearH.  The  winter  set  in  early  and  continued  until  the  middle  of  May, 
February  8  the  thermonu'ter  was  l.'i'  below  zero.  The  island  was  sur- 
rounded by  ice  from  the  north  from  .January  t  until  May  10.  October 
20  we  had  a  hard  gale  from  the  west  and  southwest  that  carried  away 
the  Alaska'  ("ommercial  Comjiany's  wharf  and,  on  account  of  the  heavy 
Hea.s,  destroyed  a  great  number  of  pup  seals,  which  is  always  the  case, 
more  or  less,  before  the  seals  make  their  final  dei)arture  in  the  fall. 

Hchool  was  taught  during  the  months  of  September,  October,  Novem- 
ber, I )ecend)er,  January,  February,  March,  and  April,  less  tlie  usual 
liolidays.  The  last  of  October  and  Novend)er  the  natives,  old  and 
young,  all  had  the  measles,  which,  of  course,  interfered  with  the  school. 
The  aveiage  daily  attendance  was  51.!KS:  the  i)er  cent  of  attendance 
was  05.00;  the  number  of  .scholars  on  the  roll,  5(1.  School  was  taught 
by  -Mr.  ( ".  (J.  Mead,  and  1  consider  liini  a  good  teacher.  There  were  lU) 
deaths  on  account  of  the  measles,  as  they  were  carefully  treated  by  the 
♦■ompany's  physiciau,  Dr.  W.  S.  Hereford.  The  general  health  of  the 
nativ<^s  since  January  1,  1880,  com])ared  with  the  same  time  last  year, 
lias  been  better  u|)  to  date,  August  l,lS8!t.  The  morning  of  Octol)er 
23  I  was  notified  that  I'emeu  Kuznitzolf,  a  native,  aged  .'»(i  years,  was 
found  dead  in  the  house  occupied  by  hiui,  1  re(|uested  the  company's 
jdiysician.  Dr.  W.  S.  Hereford,  to  go  with  me.  We  found  him  lying  on 
the  floor  in  a  pool  of  blood,  with  a  large  licmington  pistol,  six-loader, 
containing  five  loaded  shells  and  one  om|)ty,  by  his  side,  also  a  comnu)n- 
8ize<l  pocket  kuife,  open,  on  the  floor  near  him.    The  doctor  at  once  made 


228 


ALASKA    INUUaXltlEB. 


an  uxiiininiitioii.  (Find  copy  of  liis  cortiliciite  inclosed.)  I  .siiinniontMl  a 
.jury  <^t'  hIx  nutives,  and  al'tcia  thorough  investigiition  tlicycc-rlilicd  that 
itwaHacaHeot'Hui(!id('.  (Copy  of  theiicertitioatc  inclosed.)  I  concuiii^d. 
January  7,  I.S8)>,  Af^^fic  Kushiu,  a  native,  and  iiis  wife  j^ot  ilrnnk  fioin 
drinking;' ijuas,  and  ho  assaulted  liiswit'c.  1  lined  him  ■'::(|()  and  put  liini 
in  irons  for  two  days  and  cait  otf  his  sujjplios  of  sweetmeats  lor  al)out 
two  months.  The  line  was  placed  to  the  credit  of  tlie  /general  (iind.  I 
think  it  is  the  duty  of  the  United  States  (lovernment  to  furnish  the 
Ciovernnieiit  oflicers  on  each  island  one;  j;<»od  surl'ljoat.  Tiie,  ( ioveni 
mcnt  ollicers  are  called  upon  to  use  boats  (luite  often,  and  iiaving  in)n(i 
iire  obliged  to  borrow  of  tiie  Alaska  Commercial  Company.  'I'licy  are 
always  very  kind  and  obliging;  still,  the  (ioveruuient  should  not  use  uj) 
their  pro|)erty. 

'I'Im'  hrst  bull  seal  made  his  ap])earance  at  this  island  May  .',  18iS!l. 

( )n  -hinuary  1.  IS.S9,tli«'censusofSt.  Paul  Island  wasas  follows:  Native 
jiopulation,  IJli.J;  number  of  families,  (io.  ;\Ialcs:  Adults,  IS;  Ironi.ito 
17  y(!ars,  L'.'i;  under  ~»  years,  17.  Females:  Adults,  7(i;  from  ."i  lo  17 
years,  ."»7;  nndei'  ."»  years,  L'L'.  Fenndes  in  excess  of  males,  47.  Mar- 
riages in  bS.SS,  L';  births,  12;  deaths,  27. 

\Ve  had  noconnnuidcatioii  with  the  outside  world  from  the  departure 
of  (he  Alaska  Commercial  Company's  schooner  I'ntrl,  October!.',  isss, 
until  the  arrival  of  the  AlaskaCommercial  Company's  steamer  iS7.  I'diil, 
.luiic  1,  ISS'.I.  The  usual  watch  of  mitives  was  continued  while  there 
were  any  seals  on  ihe. island.  No  jjirate  schooners  around  the  island 
in  sight  during  the  time  and  np  to  date,  June  1,  188!). 
lies[)ectfully,  yours, 

.1.    V.   MA^(•1IKSTK1!, 

Assinlditl  Trcasunj  Ayciit, 
Hon.  ('.  .1.  (loi  r, 

Trmmirji  Af/oit,  St.  rani  Islantl,  AhisLa, 


Special  Aijenf  dolf;  kSiii)2)lr)ii(iiUil  h'cport  for  ls,s!), 

CLAllKSUUlMi,  W.  \'A..  Ikcctnbrn.j:!,  issii. 

SiIJ:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  supplementary  lo  my 
annual  report  of  the  oi)erations  and  conditions  of  the  Seal  Islands, 
Alaska,  for  the  season  of  18S!i. 

On  September:^!!  the  AlaskaCommercial  Company's  steamer  l>orti 
arrived  at  St.  I'aul  Island,  having  on  board  .Alr.S.  If.  JS'ettleton,  your 
recent  appointee  as  agent  to  the  seal  (isheries,  who  is  now  in  charge  of 
the  island;  I  having  returned  to  my  home  for  the  winter,  as  ])er  instruc- 
tions bearing  date  August  10,  188!t.  After  the  closing  of  tlic  sealing 
season,  which  was  July  31,  1  visited  the  rookeries  daily  and  made  a 
careful  survey  of  them  to  ascertain  as  near  as  possil)le  tluMjondition 
of  the  present  seal  life  with  the  past.  From  the  first  I  was  forcibly 
impressed  with  the  decrease  in  number,  taking  af;  a  guide  tiic  report 
of  my  predecessor,  the  Hon.  (i(!orge  If.  Tingle;  but  thinking  I  might 
be  ndstaken,  and  iu)t  wishing  to  sound  a  needless  alarm  to  the  Depart- 
ment, I  ventured  the  suggestion  of  taking  (i(»,(MI(>  seals  as  the  uiaNi- 
nnim  for  the  first  live  years  of  the  new  lease,  thenund)er  to  be  increased 
or  d(!creased  as  the  vSecretary  may  deem  advisable.  I  now,  without 
hesitation,  after  a  more  careful  observation  of  tini  .>ire  situation, 
thiidc  that  my  suggestion  of  ()0,000  was  too  high,  and  woidd  re»|)e(!t- 
fully  insert  instead  50,000 as  the  maximum,  the  numbei'  to  l)e  increased 


ALASKA   IXnUSTRIKS, 


229 


or  derrcasod  as  ilio  Secrolary  iiiiiy  soe  i»ropcr,  tlio  iiuinbcr  to  l»o  i)ro- 
|)()rti()ii('(l  ht'lwccii  the  two  islands  as  tlio  agent  in  cliarge  may  adjiidso 
i)est  for  tilt' ])i'otO('ti<)n  ol' the  rookeries.  I  regard  it  absolutely  essential, 
I'or  tlie  falnre  of  tlie  rookeries,  that  ])ronipt  action  he  taken  l)y  tlio 
J)ei)artinent  loi'  tlie  Mipi)ressit>n  ol'  illegal  killing  ot  seals  in  J'ering 
Sea,  and  tliat  tlie  utmost  eeononiy  he  observed  in  taking  the  seals 
allowed  by  law. 

There  slionld  Im^  no  killing  alter  .Inly  I'd.  Ai'ter  that  date  the  eows 
have  a  tendency  to  haul  out  with  tiie  young  bulls,  and  the  natives  in 
making  drives  IVom  the  rookeries  td  the  killing  ground.'-'  tlnd  it  impos- 
sible lo  separate  the  males  froir  the  females.  Conse(|ueiitly  many 
small  i»uits  and  eows  are  driven  w.tli  the  held,  which  necessarily  results 
in  the  loss  of  many  pups  and  great  injury  to  the  cows. 

(  iider  the  existing  law  or  regulations  th<^  natives  are  allowed  to 
kill  ])U]>s  Just  before  tliey  take  tiieir  deparlnre  IVoin  the  island  for  the 
winter,  which  is  in  Noveiiiber,  for  their  winter's  supply  of  meat,  and 
under  the  ]»retens((  that  they  n<'ed  the  skins  (which  they  get)  for  cloth- 
ing. This  is  withoui  don'ot  a  useless  slaughter  of  young  seals,  amount- 
ing lo  al)out  5,000  annually,  and  shoii!(l  receive  the  tirniest  condeni- 
nation  by  the  Department,  first,  because  the  rookeries  will  not  admit 
of  this  wanton  destruction  without  leaving  its  impress  up(tii  their  now 
weak  condition;  second,  the  winter's  su))|)ly  of  meat  should  be  secured 
during  tlu^  killing  season  by  erecting  cold  storagt^  houses  and  iilacing 
th(>rein  as  many  thousand  caj'casses  as  are  needed,  not  only  for  tlie 
islands,  but  for  the  uatives,  if  necessary,  along  the  Aleutian  Islands,  or 
the  supply  secured  by  canning  the  meat,  either  oi'whioh  would  bo  by 
far  cheajier  for  tho  (iovernment  than  the  destructioTi  of  o.OOO  young 
seals  annually,  whieli  is  e(piivalent  to  >'ir»,O00  jier  annum;  third,  the 
skins  arenever  nuulc  into  clothing  tiirough  necessity,  and  are  too  small 
to  be  used  in  covering  their  boats.  Tint  natives  ])Uichaso  their  clothing 
from  the  AlaskaCommercial  Company  at  reasonable  prices.  The  skins 
are  made  into  blankets,  coats,  caps,  gloves,  etc.,  and  traded  to  ])assing 
vessels  for  trinkets  and  useless  articles,  and  area  source  through  which 
they  look  for  intoxicants.  They  will  lefiisc  to  sell  their  blankets  to  the 
company  foi-  casli,i)iel'ening  to  run  tiie,  chance  of  smuggling  them  oil'  for 
whi.sky.  Under  these  existing  legulations,  the  natives  living  along  the 
Aleutian  chain  have  conceived  the.  idea  tliat  they  also  are  allowed  to 
kill  seals  for  food,  and  many  thousands  are  killed  by  them  as  they  ]iass 
through  the  i)asses  to  and  from  the  islands,  only  i'or  the  skins,  which 
are  sold  and  traded  for  whisky  to  poaching  vessels. 

The  inclosed  statistics*  of  seals  killed  illegally  was  comi)ilcd  by  Ur. 
11.  II.  .Aid  ntyre,  general  manager  of  the  Alaska  Comnu'rcial  Company, 
and  ujion  my  reipU'st  he  furnished  me  with  a  copy.  1  regard  them  as 
being  of  vital  importance  to  the  Department,  as  they  are  su])stantially 
correct. 

In  eonclusicui.  I  desire  to  ask  upon  what  has  a  Treasury  agent  to  base 
his  actions;  are  there  any  existing  laws  that  give  to  him  the  authoi'ity 
for  issuing  orders  and  controlling  the  natives,  as  in  the  past?  This  is 
getting  to  be  a  sei'icuis  (|uestioii,  and  sooner  or  later  a  conflict  of 
authority  will  arise  which  will  result  disastrously. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

ClIAULlCS  J.  (loFF, 

Tnasiifji  Afieut. 
Hon.  William  WiNDOAr. 

Sccntttri/  of  (III'  Trriisiirij. 

'  MiHHing. 


230  ALASKA    IN1JU8TUIK8. 

Sprciul  Afinif  <li\l1':    AiiiikhI  lirpurt  fur  Isnn, 

Hr.  I'At  I,  lisi.ANh,  Akaska,../»/.i/ •//,  I8!>n. 

liwi:  1  licrcwitli  rcsjXMitriilly  siilmiit   my  iiiiiiii;il  report  nC  the  cmii 
(litioii    of    flic  seal   lislierics  I'or  tlic  year   IHDO;    ulso  sucli   (iiltiiliitcd 
statoiiH'iit.-i  and  ('oininunicatioiiH  as  slioiil.l    he    in   Mu-    hands  of  llic 
I)(.'l)artnicnt: 

A.   My  atiiiuiil  wiitton  rcporl,  with  tlic  i'ullowiiit;  incUfJiirrH: 

It.  Mr.  .I()sci)li  Miirniy,  I'irst  Asuistiiiit 'rrejiHiirv  Ai,'i'Ii!'h  irjioit,  St.  (ii-ortj''  IhIuihI. 

('.  Mr.  A.  \V.  i.avoiidi'r,  Assistiiiit 'rr<'asiirv  Ajiciifn  icpoil,  St.  (ici)ij,'c  IhIiiihI. 

1).  i^tatciiwnt  St.  I'lml  Isbiiid  diiuy  Uilliiiy:. 

H.  Stnt(^iiiriit  St.  (itioi  jff  IhIiuiiI  (liiily  killiii;;. 

!•'.  Stiiteiiiciit  of  I'lir  sciils  kill('<l  for  food  upoii  St.  I':mi1  iiud  St.  <lc()i(;o  i8Iltlld^4,  and 
diH|i()Hitioii  of  tlit>  sUitm. 

(i.  'I'aldo  (■oiiipai  inji  diiily  liillinj;  of  18811  witli  tli;it  of  ISiU);  uIho  K'^'hU  <laily 
W(Nitlii<r  i(^]iort.  tor  c'lcli  ycnr. 

11.  'I'lildc  sliowinu  tlic  licjiiniiinit  of  racli  HCiiliii;;  season  <im  tliii  sIiiikIh  from  IM70  to 
1K!M),  iiicliiHivc,  and  nuinhor  of  fur  seals  acci'iiti'd  liy  tlic  IcHsoes  up  to  .Inly  'JO  of 
L'iicli  yifar. 

I.  .siiowinj^  thi'  distriliiition  of  iiativcvs'  cariiiii^jH  for  soaaon  of  |x«lt  and  IKliO;  ;i1ho 
ainomit  transferred  liy  tlu<  .Via  ska  ( 'oninicrcial  ( Company  to  the  North  Anieiican  C-'oni- 
nicrcial  Company,  and  tin*  amount  to  the  iivdit  ot'  the  nati\eH  in  tlie  liandH  of  tint 
North  .Annriean  C'oninieri'ial  Company  Anj^nst  1,  ISilO,  and  my  instrnctioim  to  tlio 
representative.s  of  tlie  Alaska  and  Xortli  American  Comincreial  CoiM)iaMicH. 

,1.  Account  cnrrcnt.  St.  I'anl  iKland. 

K.  Account  current.  St.  (;eori;e  Islaud. 

h.  Census.  St.  Paul  Island. 

M.  CeimuH,  St.  (ieor;io  I.sland. 

N.  DiHtriliution  of  nativcH'  earniiiKs,  St.  (ioorge  Island. 

(>.  Steanu'V -J(((,'/«>,  (.'apt.  II.  C  'I'lionnis.  recei|)tH  for  season's  catch  of  fur  Heals,  !WtO. 

1'.  Mr.  (ieor^o  1*.  'rin;;lcs  communication  proti'stini;  ajiainst  the  order  Htojipin^r 
the  killing  of  seals.  ,luly  '_'(),  and  my  rejdy. 

i).  'I'ablo  showin;;'  the  iiumher  of  seals  killed  Uy  the  Alaska  ComiiHTcial  (.'onipany 
y(!arly  for  tho  twenty  ycais  ot'  their  lease.  The  distribution  id'  the  natives'  curnin{;s 
for  the  same  period,  etc.,  foi'  th<^  islands  of  St.  I'aul  and  St.  (icor^c. 

Respet'triilly,  yonrs. 

(JuAni-ES  .1.  (loi-'P, 
TriKsKri/  At/nit,  in  ('liariie  the  Sad  FiHhcrifs. 
Hon.  William  Windom, 

Sccrrtory  of  ilic  'rrrnsuri/. 


A.  —  .hiiiiKil  lif/ioit  (if  Siirrial    li/int  doll',  /'>'■''''• 

S'l'.  J'Ai  I,  Isi.ANU,  Alaska,  ./»/// .';/,  isfto. 
Sik:  IMirsnnnf  to  insfrnctions,  I  sailed  from  San  l'"raiK'isco  on  May 
(I,  on  the  Noriii  American  (!i)ininercial  (Jomi)iiny'.s  steamer  Ardf/n, 
ac(;omi)anicd  by  Mr.  A.  \V.  Lavender,  assi.stant  'I'reasiny  iijjent,  wiio, 
after  his  iirrival,  was  statioiwd  npon  St.  (leorj;'o  Isliiiid  to  iis.sist  Mr. 
Joseph  JNFurray  in  tln^  diseliarj^'c^  oi'  his  duties dnriti"' tlic,  liilliiip  seasim, 
and  WHO  will  have  cliar.iroof  the  island  dnriiifj:  the  eomiiif;  winter.  We 
arrived  at  liialaska  May  l.s,  and  on  the  L'dtli  Mr.(;eor<;e  If.  (Iliambers, 
JMr.  iiiidolph  Newmann,  iind  my.self  sailed  on  the  Alaska  C(tmmereial 
Com])any's  steamer  l>(»(i  for  tlie  seal  islands,  totak(^  an  inventory  of 
the  ])roperty  on  St.deorjie  and  St.ranl  beloiipiiif^f  (o  tin;  Ahi.ska  (Com- 
mercial Company,  aecordin,!;'  to  an  a^i'recment  signed  by  and  between 


ALASKA    INDU8TUIKS. 


231 


tlio  Alaskii  (!nininor(^ial  ('oiiipiuiymKl  tlio  Nmtli  Ainoricnn  < 'omiiierriiil 
Coinpniiy,  Miiicli  I'J,  IHilO. 

Tlie  Alaska  ('(umiMMcial  Coiii))aiiy  was  repreHo.tited'lty  Mr.  N(nviiiaiiii, 
and  tlio  Noitli  Ainoricaii  OoimiKMcial  Cdiiipiiiiy  Ity  Mr.  Tin^flc,  and 
1  acted  as  iini])iie,  as  per  your  instruct  ions,  hcaiiiiH'  date  April  10, 
l,s!M>.  \\  (>  iiriivi'd  at  Wt.  Paul  islnnd  Mayl.'l,and  iinincdiatcly  coni- 
nicnccd  to  takc^  st(i(d\.  Alter  sevciul  days"  labor  tlic  Inisincss  was  well 
in  liand,  and  we  proceeded  to  SI.(ieoit,'e  Island  iter  steamer  Dora,  and 
niadt>  a  complete  inspection  and  inventory  of  all  the  propeity  tlioro 
l(elonj4in;,Mo  tlic  Alaska  (,'ommercial  Company.  Alter  our  return  to 
St.  I'aul  there  was  one  dillereiice  referred  to  me  and  satisfactorily 
adjusted,  tluMi  tlie  entire  business  was  settled  by  the  reprcstMitatives  of 
their  respective  cumpaiiies. 

The  followin};-  jtroperty  was  transferred  to  the  North  American  Oom- 
mercial  Company:  ti.'J  nati\e  houses  on  St.  i'aul  and  Ithipon  Ht.  (ieorj^e, 
ami  upon  both  islands  all  buildings  and  other  projterty  belon^inj^  to 
th»^  Alaska  Commercial  Company. 

I'jton  St.  Taul  Island  the  sum  of  8!>,21.'?.r»8,  belonging  to  the  natives 
and  deposited  witli  the  Alaska  Commerciiil  (Join])any,  was  passed  to 
tlie  Morth  American  <'ommereial  Company,  with  the  consent  of  the 
natives, and  credited  to^heir  jtass  book  aeeonnts.  Also  several  si)eciai 
individual  deiiosits  amountiuff  to  )i'lli,117.0L',  drawinji  interest  at  4  per 
(;ent  iter  aiinnm,  leavinj,'  in  tlie  hands  of  the  Alaska  Commercial  (!om- 
])any  .*«;5,  I04.!)!»  to  the  credit  of  .Mrs,  Alexander  Milevedofl",  wlnt  did  not 
wish  t(t  make  a  chaufje.  On  St.  (iectrge  .*.'»,.'}!)1,17  was  transferred  to 
the  North  Ameri(;an  (.'ommercial  (lompany,  bnt  from  this  aimtunt  the 
sum  (tf  Sl,7(t(».  beIonyint>- t(t  the  priest,  nnist  be  deducted,  leaviiiff  a  bal- 
ance of  •'i<;5,(t()().87  to  the  credit  of  the  natives.  The  transfer  was  made 
and  dated  :\Iay  LM,  1,S!)(». 

The  past  wintei'  was  nnusnally  ndld,  th",  sanitary  eondition  of  the 
villajie  was  };<iod,  the  pectple  \veie  blessed  w<th  ;;ood  health,  and  they 
passed  the.  time  pleasantly.  They  were  under  the  condtined  charjie  of 
iMr.  S.  11.  Xettleton.  assistant  Treasury  a};ent;  Dr.  C.  A,  Lutz,  resident 
physician,  and  Mr.  .).  C.  liedpath,  resident  anent  for  the  Alaska  Com- 
mercial ('(tmpany.  With  the  spiinf;  came  that  dreaded  disease  of  this 
people,  pneumonia,  which  caused  the  death  (tf.'»  sealers;  otl  .'Iments 
prevalent  anntnfj  tlieuj  carried  off  seven  others  (women  a:,  i  ■  !  Jdren), 
niakiufja  total  of  1((  deaths  since  .January  1, 1890,  the  date  of  the  census, 
leavinj;'  at  present  a  total  pctpulation  of  208. 

The  populati<tn  (tf  St.  I'aul  Island  in  1872 — as  far  back  as  the  (tdicial 
records  get — was  21S;  ariivals  since  then,  70.  Had  it  not  been  lor  this 
intlux  of  immigration  the  native  poitidati<tn  would  have  been  about 
extinct. 

The  established  rule  of  thontughly  cleaning  the  village  in  the  spring 
and  fall  presents  a  marked  contrast  to  the  eondition  of  the  place,  a  W-w 
years  ago.  .Ml  along  the  greenswaiil  in  front  of  (he  dwellings,  which 
was  then  a  <le]tository  for  tilth  and  olfal,  the  children  romp  and  play. 
(Iradually,  too.  (he  people  are  becoming  more  reconciled  to  cleaner 
inethods  in  their  dwellings,  and  many  of  them  take  great  pride  in  their 
pers(tnal  appearance  ami  cleanliness.  The  school  (tn  this  island  was 
taught  by  Simon  MilevedolV,  a  native,  who  was  educated  in  San  Fran- 
cisco. It  was  ojiened  on  September  1,  188!l,  and  chtsed  May  1,  1800. 
T(ttal  number  of  school  diiys,  172;  number  taught,  120.  Mr.  Milevedolf 
Avas  energetic,  and  nntiring  in  his  elf(trts  to  advance  the  pupils,  but 
there  is  very  littl'"  interest  taken  by  them  in  English-speaking  schools, 
so  that  there  wan  but  little  prctgress  made. 


232 


ALASKA    INDrSTUIF.a. 


Tlic  Noi'lli  Aiiicriciiii  ( '(Hiiiiieiciiil  <'oiii|tiiiiy  liavc  (•oiiiinoiiccd  r«])air- 
iiij;'  tlic  iiiitivc  (hvclliiiu  liniisi's,  iiiid  so  far  liavo.  coiiiiilicd  witli  all  (lie 
i»'(|iiirciiicii(s  of  tlicir  Iciiso.  Tlic  (fiiitcd  Statos  (sutler  llrtir,  (!apl. 
M.  A.  Ilciily,  aiiclinicil  oil'  this  island  •hiiir  JO,  and  left  on  the  sanin 
day.  (',i|)tain  llcaly  kihh tod  "no  jjiiatcs  in  iU'iint-' Sea.''  '\'\wlir(ir 
di'livpicd  to  tliis  island  tlio  l»oat  and  llxtiires  conipk'tc  asked  lor  by  inc 
IVoin  tli(^  ht'itailnicnt. 

'I'lin  Hcv.  Slicldon  .lackson  was  a  ]'>aHsriifj('r  on  hoaid  tlio  Htar,  and 
came  aslioic  and  inspected  the  village  and  Hchoolliouse,  lie  reeeiveil 
a  copy  of  the  sclKud  repctrt,  and  was  well  jjltiased  with  tho  condition  in 
which  he  t'onnd  I  hint's. 

On  .Inly  ."»l,  in  eompany  with  Mr.  'rinjiie  and  Professor  lOlliott,  I 
visited  Otter  Island,  and  lonnd,  to  my  snrprisc,  that  tliere  were  seals 
hanled  <ait,  as  was  nsnal  in  the  past. 

The  I'nited  Slates  eatter  li'iilinnl  /i'»n//,  ('ai)t.  VV.  (".  Coulson,  arrived 
liore  .Inly  I  7,  and  reported  '-no  pirates  in  lierinfj  Sea."  I'rof.  II.  \V. 
lOlliolt.  yoni'  icccnt  apjiointee  as  Tieasuiy  an'cnt,  has  spent  the  seasoi 
her<',  divniinj;  his  time  between  the  two  islands,  and  ^ivinn'  his  entir 
attention  to  tlie  .state  of  the  rookeiies  and  the  methods  nsed  at  j^'sent 
in  drivinj;  and  killinj;  the  seals;  jind  his  report  will,  no  doubt,  be  of  tlio 
utmost  importance  and  of  };roat  value  to  the  l><'partment. 

j\Ir.  William  Palmer,  a  representative  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
has,  by  your  ))ermissioh.  s])ent  the  season  on  St.  Paul  eolleetin;^'  speci- 
mens of  various  birds  and  animals,  and  his  incessant  labors  liavc  been 
abundantly  rewarded. 

The  merchantable  seal  skins  in  the  salt  honsos  on  St.  Paul  and  St. 
(leorjic^  islands,  taken  from  the  seals  killed  for  food  for  the  natives 
during;-  the  winter  of  bSSlMtO.  will  be  shipped,  as  i)er  instriu-tions 
bearin;,'  date  May  ."»,  per  I'nited  States  cutter  h'icluinl  linsli,  (Japt. 
W.  ('.  Coulson  commandiiifi',  which  will  leave  here  early  in  Sei)tend»er, 
consigned  to  the  collector  of  customs,  San  i''rancisco.  The  matter  will 
be  reported  directly  to  you  by  Mr.  .losepli  Murray,  who  has  charfje  of 
St.  Paul  Island  Ibi'  the  comiuji  winter.  The  ae(!onii)anyiiifjcoinnninica- 
tions  from  the  representatives  of  the  Alaska  Commercial  ('ompany  and 
the  North  American  Conunercial  Company  will  fully  explain  luy  actions 
in  the  matter. 

The  total  number  of  fur  seals  killed  and  aeeopted  upon  this  island 
by  the  lessees  was  1(J,S.'{0,  and  the  total  amount  eaiiied  by  the  natives 
and  distributed  to  them  was  .'3i(l,7S;>.;5(),  Your  instructions  to  me  upon 
this  subject  of  dividin{>'  the  earnin;"S  of  the,  natives  and  lookinjf  after 
their  welfare  linaiicially  I  endeavored  to  follow,  but  was  prevented 
from  doing  so  by  .Mr.  (ieoi'ge  l{.  Tingle,  general  manager  for  the  lessees. 
His  reasons  for  so  doing  are  inclosed. 

1  regret  that  1  am  eom](clIed  to  iei)ort  that  the  seals  are  rapidly 
diminishing  in  numbers,  and  to  such  an  alarming  extent  that  to  check 
the  decrease  will  re(piirc,  in  my  opinion,  the  most  careful  consideration 
of  the  Department. 

To  have  a  correct  understanding  of  how  the  annual  catch  is  taken 
it  will  be  necessary  to  bear  in  mind  the  following  facts:  First,  by  the 
acts  of  C'ongress  governing  the  seal  fisheries,  the  season  opens.lune  1 
and  closes  July  .'U.  unless  otherwise  restricted  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury;  second,  the  bull  seals  arrive  at  the  islands  between  May  1 
and  .Tune  10,  and  the  cows  between  June  10  and  July  10;  third,  tiie 
large  young  seals  whose  skins  are  merchantable  commence  connng 
about  the  middle  of  May,  gradually  increasing  in  numbers  as  the  cows 
appear,  and  with  the  large  young  seals  conies  a  small  ])ortion  of  the 


ALASKA   INDUSTK  K8. 


233 


pujiH  1)0111  tlic  suiiiiiier  before;  but  the  fjreiitoHfc  inajority  of  tlic  yciu- 
lilies  iiiit  ill  llu'ir  ii|»|)cariinco  in  tlie  iiioiitli  ol'  .Inly.  Now,  in  opciiin;,' 
tlie  Hcasoii  it  is  (Mistouiuiy  to  sccmc  sill  tlii^  two  yoarohlH  iiiid  iipwaKl 
])ossii)lc  b(>l'or(t  tlio  yeaI'lin^^s  lK>;riii  to  till  ii)>  tli<>  hauling  (^roiimis  and 
mix  with  thi^  killablc  seals.  iJy  so  (loing  it  is  much  oiisiei'  to  do  the 
work,  and  the  y«'ailiiit,'s  are  not  tortured  by  beinn-  driven  and  redriveii 
to  the  killiiip  fjrounds.  lUuetofore  it  was  seldom  tiiat  more  than  lo 
l»er  cent  of  all  tlie  seals  driven  the  latter  part  of  .June  and  the  first  few 
diiys  in  .July  were  too  Hiuall  to  be  killed,  but  this  season  the  eiise  was 
reversed  and  in  many  instiinces  SO  to  sf)  per  eeiit  wen^  tiirni'd  iiwiiy. 
The  aeeompaiiyin;i'  percentatje  examples  will  show  the  disposition  of 
this  year's  drive. 

The  first  killiii};  of  fur  seiils  l»y  the  lessees  was  on  .liiiie  »!,  and  the 
scarcity  of  killalde  seals  was  apparent  to  all.  The  seas(»n  chised 
.Inly  -0.  and  the  drives  in  .luly  show  a  de(Md(  '  increase  in  the  jierccnt- 
iiffcs  of  small  seals  turiu-d  away  and  a  decu  ase  in  the  kilhiblcs  over 
the  drives  of  .lime,  dcnionstratin},'  conclusively  that  there  are  Itiil  few 
killabie  seals  arriving  and  that  the  lar{je  pait  of  those  returninj;  to 
the  islands  were  the  piijis  of  last  year.  The  averajje  daily  killinji  for 
the  season  was  KXt,  or  a  daily  average  of  '>TJ  including  only  the  (biys 
worked. 

In  188!)  the  average  daily  killing,  from  Juno  1  to  July  L'O,  inclusive, 
was  l,51»i,  or  a  daily  average  of  l,t»7't  including  only  the  daysworked. 
With  this  undeniable  decrease  in  inerchantable  seals,  and  knowing  the 
impoverished conditionsof  the  rookeriesand  hauling  grounds,  and  believ- 
ing it  to  be  inimical  to  tli(>  best  interests  of  the  Government  to  extend 
the  time  for  killing  beyond  July  -0,  I  adhered  to  the  letter  and  siiirit 
of  your  instructions  to  me  and  closed  the  killing  season  July  20,  against 
the  bitter  ]»rotestations  of  Mr.  (leorge  J{.  Tingle,  general  manager  tor 
llio  lessees.  His  ccmimunication  to  me  upon  tlie  subject  and  my  reply 
are  inclosed.  Had  there  been  a  reasonable  jirobability  of  the  lessees 
securing  their  ipiota  of  (50,000  seals  1  should  have  deemed  it  my  duty 
to  extend  the  time  for  killing  to  July  .'51. 

The  killing  of  June  (!,  the  first  of  the  season,  was  from  the  Ifeef 
Kookery,  with  drive  of  about  700  seals;  total  killed,  llii,  88A  percent 
being  turned  away  as  too  small.  On  June  11  the  drive  was  from  the 
]{eef  liookery,  abtmt  1,000;  total  killed,  'u4,i'2h  percent  turned  away. 
On  June  L'4  the  drive  was  from  the  Keef  Hookery  and  Zoltoi  hauling 
grounds  combined  and  about  1,417  were  driven;  total  killed,  l-MM!,  8,"»A 
per  cent  turned  away.  This  exhausted  Zoltoi  hauling  grounds  for  a 
])eriod  of  tweuty-one  days,  and  it  was  not  available  until  July  18,  when 
again,  in  <"onnection  with  the  l{eef  Hookery,  the  last  drive  was  made 
and  about  .'3,05.'5  seals  were  driven;  MG  were  killed  and  8(5  jier  cent 
turned  away.  The  seals  turned  away  from  the  several  drives  invaria- 
bly returned  to  the  hauling  grounds  and  rookery,  from  which  they 
were  driven,  only  to  be  redriven  to  the  killing  field  and  culled  of  the 
few  killables  that  chanced  to  join  them  upon  their  return  to  the  sea 
from  each  drive. 

Hy  reference  to  the  table  marked  D,  showing  the  daily  killing  for 
this  year,  and  also  com])aring  the  same  with  that  of  last  year,  you  will 
see  that  from  all  of  the  drives  the  same  percentages  were  turned  away 
as  from  those  1  have  cited.  We  o])ened  the  season  by  a  drive  from  the 
lieef  Kookery  and  turned  away  83i  per  cei.t,  when  we  should  have 
turned  away  about  15  per  cent  of  the  seals  driven ;  and  we  closed  the 
season  by  turning  away  8(5  i)er  cent,  a  fact  which  proves  to  every  impar- 
tial mind  that  we  were  redriving  the  yearlings,  and,  considering  the 


234 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES 


imiiiber  of  skins  obtained,  ihat  it  was  iii\j)()ssibl()  to  secure  tlie  imiiiber 
allowed  by  tiie  lease;  tliat  we  were  nierelv  tortuihif;  the  youiif^-  seals, 
iiijuriiij;'  file  f'litinvi  life  and  vitality  of  tlie  breediiij;'  rookeries,  to  tlie 
deuiaient  of  the  lessees  natives,  and  the  Uoven.iiient. 

On  Sunday,  .Inly  -0,  all  tuj  rookeries  represo.iting  any  male  seals 
were  driven  from  Knj;lish  I>ay.  INliddle  Hill,  Tolstoi,  Ijiikannon,  Kee 
tavia.  and  I'ocky  Point,  and  about  t,(i20  seals  were  bnmght  to  tlie.  kill- 
inj;  field,  Heven  hundred  and  eifjlity  were  killed,  and  S'.i  per  cent  were 
tnnieil  away.  On  the  same  day,  at  Northeast  Point,  they  killed  4(i(5, 
whieli,  added  to  those  taken  at  the  other  rookeries,  make  a  {jrand  total 

of  i.i-'4(;. 

This  and  the  killiiip-  on  the  li)th  a"e  the  only  instances  recorded  dur- 
ing; the  season  when  the  daily  killing  reached  1,000.  (J(mip.uiiig  the 
killinji  with  those  of  the  same  dates  last  year,  we  lind  I  hat  on  .inly  19, 
l.S8!t,  iVom  Southwest  Uay  hauling  ground  alone,  1,9<S7  were  killed,  an(l 
on  .Inly  20,  1.S80,  Iroiir  the  IJeef  Kookery  ar.d  Zoltoi  hauling  grounds, 
1,!»I.'!  were  killed,  anr  never  were  there  such  iiereentages  turned  away 
during  tlu;  entire  se;  -on,  nor  in  any  ])revious  season,  to  my  knowledge, 
as  in  tliat  of  ISJxI.  it  is  true,  however,  that  the  Alaska.  Conimercial 
(Joinpany  could  and  did  take  smaller  seals  last  season  than  the  jiresent 
lessees  e  111  take,  because  of  the  dillerences  in  the  tax  paid  by  them; 
yet  there  lia\'c  been  no  2year  olds  of  an  average  size  turned  away 
this  season,  Tliey  were  all  immediately  clubbed  to  swell  the  season's 
catch,  whicli  w<i.<  far  iiclow  the  number  allowed  for  this  year — a  condi- 
tion of  afVairs  that  will  convey  to  the  Department,  in  language  far  more 
convincing  than  mine,  the  fact  that  the  seals  are  not  here. 

The  North  American  (;onimercir>  Company's  agent,  Mr.  ('eorge  l>. 
Tingle,  used  i M-ry  effort  to  have  tiie  drives  made  so  as  t.)  have  no 
unnecessary  loss  of  seal  life,  and  he  would  have  made  the  sfason  a  most 
successful  one  ibr  thecompauy  if  the  seals  bad  returned  to  t'ne  rookeriis 
as  in  the  iiast. 

It  is  evident  that  the  many  evils  preying  upon  seal  U\'d — the  killing 
of  the  seals  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  along  the  xVleat'.an  isiiimls,  and  as 
they  come  through  the  passes  to  the  P>ering  Sea,  Vv  tlie  iiirate.-s  in  these 
waters,  and  the  indiscriminate  slaughter  upon  the  islands  regardless 
of  the  future  life  of  the  breeding  rookeries — have  at  last,  with  their 
combined  destriictis,  jiower,  reilueed  these  rookeries  to  their  present 
impoverished  condition,  and  to  such  an  imeqiial  distribution  of  ages  and 
sex  that  it  is  but  a  quest  ion  of  a  few  years,  unless  imiiie:liately  attended 
to,  before  Ihese.il  family  of  the  Pribilof  group  of  islands  will  be,  a  thing 
of  the  'last.  Notwitiistanding  the  fact  that  the  seals  were  looked  iipcni 
as  inex.  anstible  and  wt^re  ollicially  reixa'ted  to  be  increasing  as  late,  as 
1.S8S,  the  time  lias  suddenly  come  when  experiment  and  imagination 
must  cea.se  and  the  truth  be  tithl.  Absolute  inotection  i;-  tlu;  only  .safe- 
guard fftr  the  rookeries,  and  the  only  step  to  he  taken  with  safety.  The 
seal  meat  necessary  for  the  initive's  Ibod  is  all  tliat  should  be  killed, 
under  existing  circumstances.  Much  can  be  written  on  this  subject, 
many  theories  may  be  advanced,  all  of  which  we  liav<>  li;.<l  for  the  jia-st 
twenty  years,  to  tlie  evident  loss  of  seal  life;  br.l  tlic  tacts  presented  in 
the  aecomiianying  tables  demonstrate  with  matheniatical  certainty  the 
fearful  decrease  of  the  seals.  And  here  1  will  say  I  heartily  concur  with 
my  worthy  ]tredecessor,  Mr.  tieorge  U,  Tingle,  who  in  his  ollicial  report 
of  liS87  used  the  following  language: 

Tlir  I>t'ii:irt!ii<'iit  ciiii  not  j)liirc  t(n>  liiKli  .111  pstiiiintf  on  tlio  vnlno  of  (bissc.'il  ;iroi>- 
fVtv,  iiiid  the  (JovrniiiKMit,  (  iiiii  surt',  will  iiiit  yii'ld  to  iiiiy  iloiniinclH  wliicli  would 
iiiiiUo  il  posHililc  to  .'ii coiiiiilisli  tlio  (Icstriii  tioii  of  li«i  seal  idolNeriuK  and  Mi>al  lil'o, 
wliicli  iinilci  jiidicioua  maiia^emciit  ami  iiidtortiou  liy  law  jiiuy  lie  |iur|iutiiatuii 
jiidnliiiilolv. 


ALASKA    INDUSTinKS. 


23; 


er 

S 

10 


y.\l 


Tliore  is  but  one  atitlioiity  upon  seal  lilV  ("specially  tlic  seals  of  tlie, 
Piibilof  Islands,  and  this  is  the  work  of  I'rof.  iienry  \V.  I-'JIiott,  wlio 
surveyed  these  I'ookeiies  in  ISTli  and  ISTI.  and  his  work  was  vcrilied 
by  Lienteiiaut  Mayuard  and,  I  am  satislie  1,  was  as  near  (correct  when 
made  as  was  jtossible  for  u\an  toeiironicle;  li.it  today  there  is  a  marked 
contrast  in  tlie  conditions  ol'  now  and  then.  On  pa;ie.">l  of  liie  I'ro- 
fessor's  mono}jrai)h  you  will  lind  he  ])laces  the  numl)er  of  seals  upon 
Northeast  Point  I'ookery  at  1,L'(K».(I0((.  Staiidin}>'  on  a  proniiui  ir  ele- 
vation kii'  ivn  as  ITuttdiinson's  Hill  in  the  month  of -Inly,  and  fac.'u^' 
ihe  '.lortli,  I  had  before  me  a  sea  mai'yin  of  ovei'  ~  miles;  turning;,  ,nd 
faciu}?  the  south,  I  had  a  sea  mar}j;in  of  over  1  mile.  I  could  view  i  ntii'e 
this  o!!ce  famous  rook:'ry,  and  it  was  simply  imjxissible  to  realize  that 
there  was  ever  such  a  moving  mass  of  livinj;'  animals  as  Professor 
i.'lliott  des(aibes.  His  estimate  seems  iiuMcdible,  yet  his  writin<;s  have 
never  been  refuted.  To-day  there  is  not  to  be  seen  over  l.';"»(»,0()0  seals, 
of  all  afjes  and  sexes. 

To  theextreme  soutliwestof  the  island  is  the  Keel'  Kookery,  lepnrted  to 
have  (by  Professor  h'dl ioti )  ;!(H. ()(»(>  seals  in  1.S7I.  It  has  not  over  10(l,(K»0 
seals  to-day,  ( )ii  <  iarbotdi,  the  adjoiniuu  rookery,  where  the  I'rofesaor 
says  he  stood  on  <i*!d  -lohn  iJock  aiid  saw  *' lO.OOO  li;;htin;,^  bulls,"  I  c:,\n 
stand  and  c-oun,  'jvevy  l>nll  in  sij^ht.  This  rookery,  with  the  reef,  is  an 
extended  point  rnnninu,'  with  the  sea,  slopinj;-  east  and  west,  with  a 
larj^e  surlace  of  table-land  in  the  center.  This  was  once  a  ])ara(ling  or 
playing;'  ground  when  the  seals  met,  as  they  came  from  the  east  and 
west  side.  It  was  the  resoi  t  of  over  L'(l(),(l()(l  seals;  now  the  restiufr 
place  tor  a  few  cows  and  pujts  and  now  and  then  ;'  worn  out  sleejiinR' 
l)ull.  The  number  now  visitin^j  these  rookeries  (the  b'eef  mid  (iar- 
botch)  lind  ample  room  on  the  two  slo])es  without  pnsiiinj.;'  'lack  on  the 
plateau  above. 

/oltoi  sands,  once  a  favorite  haidi?!y  /ground  for  the  bachehn- seals, 
from  where  Miousands  have  been  driven  and  killed  for  theii'  skins,  is 
entirely  de.  .'rted,  only,  however,  a  short  time  in  advance  of  all  the 
'aaulinji'  grounds  a; d  rookeries,  if  immediate  steps  ar(^  not  taken  by  I  he 
Department  to  mm  e  an<l  protect  these  'ookeries.  Lnkannon,a  ro(dv- 
ery  on  the  ea.;:  side  of  tlie  island,  betwet  i  the  Reef  of  I'olovania.  the 
ii.ost  pictures(pie  seal  f>iounds  of  the'ii  all,  where  tlit!  seals  were  wcuit 
to  haul  upon  tlie  elitfs.  and  in  the  intt  stices  between  the  rnii-fjed  rocks 
for  over  half  a  mile  on  the  sea  l'ronta,u'e,  a  most  iiivitin.n  home  for  this 
mysterious  i)ela.L;ic  family,  where,  in  connection  with  Keetavia  Itookery, 
with  the  same  sea  ran!i(e,  there  were  .'i,'{;>,()(i()  of  these  aidmals,  presents 
ta  lu'esc'it,  by  the  most  carel'ul  estimate,  not  over  75,(100  seals. 

I'ohn.uiia  i{ook' ry,  Avith  -1,000  feet  ni'  sea  martrin,  with  a  seal  lite  of 
a00,(l00  in  !S74;  Tolstoi  IJookery,  with  .'{,(»00  feet  of  sea  margin,  with 
27ri,000  seals  in  IS71,  and  Zai»adnia,  with  r>,SH{)  feet  of  sea  mar^jiu,  with 
•I  11,000  seals  in  1H7-I,  all  present  a  most  dc])lorablc  condititui,  and  do 
not  show  over  one cifihth  of  the  seals  as  reported  by  Professor  I'jlliott. 

With  these  facts  in  view  I  am  convinced  there  will  be  a  fjreater 
decrease  in  seal  life  next  year  than  this;  for  it  will  not  be  in  the 
l»ower  of  human  iii};i'nnily  to  check  the  rapid  advance  toward  e.ter- 
mination  now  ptinji'  on  in  that  length  of  tinm. 

!ii  con(dusi(tn,  1  respectfully  sufjjiesi  that  there  be  no  killiuf;  of  fur 
seal.'  for  tlieir  skins  on  these  islands,  nor  in  the  waters  >f  Merinj;'  Sea. 
for  an  iudetiiiite  iiuinber  of  years,  to  bo  named  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
T'/easury,  "'!;'.  let  nature  take  her  course  in  repleidshinfi'  the  rookeries, 
and  that  the  Departmetit  take  the  entire 'natter  of  luoteetinfi;  tlu'so 
rookeri«'s  into  its  immediate  supervision,  for  1  regard  any  other  system 
of  protection  danj;erous  t(»  the  future  of  all  iuterested.     Tho  limited 


236 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIKS. 


miinbor  of  .seals  killod  tliis  season  by  lessees  will  undoubtedly  leave 
the  majority  of  tiie  natives  in  absolute  want,  and  tlieir  condition  will 
appeal  to  the  Departnu'nt  for  aid. 

Tiie  amount  distributed  lo  the  natives  ui)on  the  islands  of  St.  Paul 
and  St.  (ieoi}j;e  was!i<(J,7.S.'>.;jOiinil  sl,<ilt.S(», ies|)ectively.  This  will  not 
besuflicient  to])rovide  them  wit  lit  he  necessaries  of  life  until  the  steamers 
return  in  the  sprinj;',  especially  so  with  tiie  natives  of  the  St.  (ieorji'c 
Island.  With  this  fact  in  view,  I  made  the  followio};'  arranjicnicnls 
with  the  North  American  Commercial  Company,  llir(iM;;ii  their  man- 
aji'er,  Mr.  (leorge  15.  Tingle;  the  North  Ameiican  romnu'rcial  Com 
l)any's  resident  a^ent,  tojiether  with  the  Treasury  aj;ent  in  charge,  nw^ 
to  adjudfje  what  sui>i)lies  are  positively  needed  for  the  support  and 
maintenance  of  tlu^  natives,  the  co!ni)any  receiving'  I'roin  the  Treasury 
afjent  a  certificate  that  such  snp])lies have  Iteen  furnislied,  l»ut  said  cer- 
tificate to  be  merely  accei)ted  as  a  voucher  of  correctness;  the  matter 
to  be  adjusted  in  tlie  future  M-ith  the  Department  by  the  N'ortli  Ameri- 
can ("ommercial  ('omi)any. 

Tiie  l)e]iartment  will  have  to  make  some  iirovision  for  the  supjMirt 
and  maintenance  of  tliese  peojile,  as  tiieir  mode  of  making:  a  liviiij;'  lias 
been  destroyed  for  the  inesent,  and  the  future  is  only  wliat  tiie  ciiarity 
of  the  (iovernmeiit  will  make  it.  Tliere  is  utterly  notliiu};' h(>re  u])ou 
which  they  can  depend  for  a  l:\eliliood  until  the  much  wished-for  return 
of  seals  takes  place,  an  event  too  far  in  the  fnture  to  ji'iveeven  a  luoni- 
ise  of  better  times  to  these  unfortunate  people. 
Hespectfiilly,  yours, 

ClIAKI.ES   .1.    (iOl'l', 

TfdiKurji  AijenU  '•'*  (^Itunje  of  ikv  Seal  Islanils. 
Hon.  William  Windom, 

tSecrctnri/  of  the  Trcitmiru. 


]!.  —  hichnfiirc  irUli  <iii()"n  JmiiKtl  Htjiorl  for  ISfiO;    report  of  Ani^istaiil     ifient   Josiph 

M'rruii. 

OFl'It'K   OK   Sl'E(  lAL   AciENT  TrEA.SXIKY    DEPARTMENT, 

Si,  (lc()r()r  IsUind,  Alaska,.! iiUj  :U.  IS'.HK 

Sir:  1  have  the  honor  to  report  that  the  health  of  the  imtives  hero 
1ms  been  unusually  ;;()od  durinj:''  the  ])ast  year,  and  i.s  at  present  far 
better  rlian  anyotlier  time  in  many  years.  Tliere  is  not  a  case  of  sick- 
ness on  the  island,  excejitiii};'  those  of  louf,'  standinj;'  due  to  s(M'()tnla  and 
other  chronic  diseases. 

»Vith  one  single  e.\cei)tion  all  the  workmen  are  well  and  hearty. 

We  had  a  full  term  of  school  from  September  until  May,  and  under 
the  care  of  the  teacher.  Dr.  L.  A.  Noyes,  it  was  as  well  conducted  as 
any  ]>ublic  school  of  its  size  in  the  country;  but,  after  all.  I  find  the 
children  made  next  to  no  jtrofiiess  in  ac(|uiriii}i'  the  simplest  rudiments 
of  our  laii.uua^<'.  It  seems  incredible,  but  it  is  true,  that  young  men 
a!id  women  who  have  been  to  school  here  for  seven  years  do  not  know 
iiow  to  s]»eak  or  read  a  sentence  of  the  Ihiglish  language.  Looking 
over  their  shoulders  as  they  write  in  their  (tojiy  books,  an<l  observing 
the  ease  with  which  they  follow  the  headlines,  one  would  think  they 
were  making  rapid  ])rogiess,  but  ask  any  one  of  them  to  read  what  he 
or  she  has  been  writing  and  they  can  not  do  it. 

it  was  long  suspected  that  the  older  people  secretly  influenced  the 
children  against  American  schools  and  encouraged  them  to  learn  the 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


237 


IIS  w  irli  the  iiativfs,  witli  whom 


Hussiaii  laiiRuafjc  in  preference  to  any  «)ther,  but  T  liiid  tliiit  tlicy  are 
just  as  ignoiaiil  of  linssiai.'  as  tliey  are  of  Hnj^lisli,  ami  as  backward 
in  learning  it. 

There  lias  been  one  day  of  each  week  devoted  to  the  Hussian  school, 
which,  in  my  (»i)inion,  has  a  bad  etVect  ui>on  the  childre;i  in  their  attem])t 
to  master  the  English  tongue,  and  I  tlu'refore  I'espeetfiill.v  suggest  tho.t 
the  practice  of  teaching  IJussiari  to  tii(i  school  ciiiluren  be  abolished. 
After  ii  year's  residence  lie>e  I  am  able  to  say  that  the  people  as  a  whole 
have  conducted  themselves  very  well  indeed;  not  a  loud,  vulgar,  or 
angry  word  has  been  spoken  in  my  hearing  or  to  my  knowledge  by  a 
iiati\e  man  or  woman  on  the  island  of  Ht.  (leorge.  iS'ot  one  case  of 
drunkenness  or  drinking,  nor  anything  ajiproaehing  to  it,haHeometo 
my  knowledge.  A  ease  of  wrongdoing  by  two  whiter  men,  employees 
of  the  AlasKa  Commercial  Company,  compelled  me  and  my  assistant, 
^Ir.  A.  P.  Loud,  to  comidain  to  Mr.  Sloss,  the  ])resident  of  the  eom- 
jiaiiy,  wlio  immediately  removed  and  discharged  the  oll'enders.  lOxcept- 
ing  one  iustance,  ther ;  has  not  been  ttue  word  of  complaint  from  any 
quarter. 

The  men  who  wintered  in  the  service  of  the  Alaska  ( 'ommercial  Com- 
l)any  are  all  good  and  worthy,  especially  the  agent,  31r.  JJaniel  Web- 
ster, and  the  physician.  Dr.  L.  A.  Noyes.  J  take  ]»lcasure  in  thus 
testifying  to  their  worth,  for  1  have  found  them  to  be  upi  igiit  and  hon 
orable  at  all  times  in  all  their  transac' 
(hey  are  deservedly  very  ]topular. 

1  have  endeavored  to  pi()nu)te  a  ninit  iH-rfect  sanitary  system  in  the 
village,  and  I  find  it  is  not  so  hard,  as  was  i\|)ected.  to  prevail  on  the 
l)eoi)le  to  adopt  better  methods,  if  one  will  bepatunt  and  treat  them 
kimlly. 

It  wdl  be  iin  imp(»ssibility,  however,  to  do  univh  to  ai«i  establl^hing 
a  sanitary  system  of  value  until  we  have  better  water  and  a  more 
abundant  supply  than  is  jiossible  under  existing  conditions. 

The  present  supi»ly  of  water  for  domestic  imrposes  is  obtained  from 
a  well  into  which  the  drainage  of  half  the  village  linds  its  way.  aud 
the  wonder  to  nu^  is  that  (he  people  are  not  constantly  sick  >  idle  they 
have  to  use  such  drinking  water.  There  i"  a  nice  liesh  water  lake 
within  U,00(»  feet  of  the  village,  and  fully  oO  feet  higher,  trom  which  a 
constant  and  ueverfailing  sujijily  of  good  water  can  be  taken  il  on 
can  have  i;,(IO(>  feet  of  U-iuch  ])ipe  ami  the  necessary  hydu  and 
tixings  sevit  here. 

A  (Irain  is  the  next  essential  to  success,  and  one  of  7(H»  feet  in  length 
can  1m'  dug  easily,  and  will  sullic  e  to  cairy  all  the  dirt  and  otlal  of  the 
village  into  the  sea.  It  will  be  necessary  to  have  7(10  feet  of  lii-iiich 
drainpipe. 

The  total  absence  of  water-closets  on  this  island  is  a  disgrace,  and  is 
beyond  all  (juestion  the  cause  of  intu'c  innnorality,  disease,  and  death 
than  all  other  things  combined.  That  sucii  a  state  of  things  has  been 
allowed  to  exist  lor  twenty  years  is  a  disgrace  to  our  civilization,  and 
1  (1(1  hope  you  m  ill  insist  on  the  present  lessees  or  on  the  Department 
to  have  it  altered  at  once. 

The  subject  is  so  abominable  1  dare  not  write  it  in  a  ])ublic  report. 

It  is  abs(»lutely  necessary,  too,  that  at  least  six  of  the  dwelling  houses 
be  enlarged,  as  the  families  now  ((ccni)ying  tliem  have  not  room  to  live 
as  human  ix'ings  should.  It  may  be  triu',  as  many  assert,  that  under 
IJnssian  rule  (lie,  natives  were  not  housed  one  halt  so  well  as  (hey  are 
now;  but  su(;li  arguments  are  of  no  avail  in  a  country  like  ours.  \Vlien 
a  family  of  seven  jiersons,  of  all  ages  and  sexes,  are  i»acked  in  a  sleep- 


23S 


ALASKA    1NI»U!5T"IE8. 


iiiii"  iii)!Utiiiciit  measuriiifi:  10  \>y  1(»  fi'ct,  they  are  not  tieated  lifflit,  nor 
does  our  (ioveriwneiit  intend  to  Iiave  .sucli  tliin{?s  existing  where  it  has 
jurisdietioii. 

Tlie  dwellinji'  houses  are  badly  in  need  of  re))airs,  and  tlie  attention 
of  tlie  local  a{j«'nt,  Mr.  Webster,  has  been  c.illed  to  their  condition,  but 
as  he  is  to  leave  tiie  island  this  year  it  maybe  necessary  for  you  to 
mention  it  to  the  general  manager  of  t'le  North  American  Commercial 
Company. 

Mr.  A.  W.  Lavender  arrived  on  May  20  and  immediately  entered  upon 
his  duties.  On  July  li'  tlie  watchman  reported  a  schooner  in  sight  oil' 
Zai)a(lnie,  and  1  armed  the  men  and  sent  a  sijuad  to  exposed  rookeries, 
Mr.  Lavender  going  to  Zapadnic  with  four  men,  the  second  chief  and 
four  men  to  I-^ast  Ifookery,  and  1  went  with  four  men  to  iStarry  Ateel. 
\Ve  all  watclied  until  next  morning  without  st".^ing  an  enemy.  To 
facilitate  the  guarding  of  the  rookeries  it  is  necessary  to  have  some 
sort  of  shelter  for  the  v.atihmen;  a  snuxll  hut  on  each  of  the  three 
rookeries  would  be  sntlicicnt,  and  they  need  not  cost  over  $50  each. 

On  Sunday,  JMay  11,  tlie  schooner  Alton  (Captain  Worth),  of  San 
Francisco,  touched  at  tiie  island  and  the  captain  came  ashore  and 
informed  us  of  the  new  lease  ami  new  company.  0»i  learning  of  the 
change  the  natives  held  .-cveral  meetings,  and  afterwards  came  to  the 
Covernnient  house  to  hav;»  my  advice  as  to  how  they  should  act  in  ease 
any  nniterial  changes  weie  Uiade  in  their  mode  of  working,  government, 
or  the  amount  of  their  pay. 

The  meeting  was  adjourned  I'rom  time  to  time  until  they  had  thor- 
oughly discussed  the  most  important  (luestions  raised,  and  at  the  last 
meeting,  held  May  L'.'i,  they  uminimously  declared  that  it  was  their  firm 
belief  and  honest  opinion  that  the  seals  had  diminished  and  would  con- 
tinue to  dinnnish  fiom  year  to  year,  because  all  the  male  seals  had 
been  slaughtered  without  allowing  any  to  grow  to  maturity  for  use  ou 
the  breeding  ground. 

I  made  a  note  of  the  snygestioii  on  the  jouiiial  that  day,  and  I  an) 
now  fully  convinced  by  i)ersonal  "I  --crvation  that  it  is  only  too  true, 
and  that  the  natives  were  correct  in  every  i)articular. 

In  l.SSi)  the  full  (piotaof  15,000  skins  was  obt;uned  here,  but  I  know 
now  (what  I  did  not  understand  then)  tiiat  ia  order  to  (ill  the  qu(»ta 
they  lowered  the  standard  toward  the  close  of  the  season  and  killed 
hundreds  of  yearling  seals,  and  took  a  g'eatcr  number  of  small  skins 
than  ever  before. 

The  llrst  seals  of  this  season  appeared  upon  the  hauling  ground  on 
April  20,  and  the  (irst  killing  foi'  food  was  on  May  1.'5.  The  killing 
season  for  skins  opened  on  ,hine  1',  and  they  killed  71. 

1  inclose  a  full  statement  <»f  all  the  killings  i  the  season,  from  Juric 
2  to  July  L'O,  inclusive,  and  you  will  observe  that  the  greatest  number 
killed  at  one  killing — excejiting  those  of  July  !0  and  20 — was  only  ;}li4, 
although  the  driving  and  killing  were  under  the  immediate  supervision 
of  Mr.  Webster,  who  is  adnntted  to  be  tin'  i  lost  experienced  aud  most 
careful  sealer  on  the  islands. 

I  ntil  July  10  an  attempt  was  nuxde  to  keep  to  a  stamlard  of  not  less 
than  7  pound  skins,  but  when  it  was  apparent  beyond  (juestion  that 
there  were  no  large  young  seals  on  the  hauling  ground,  the  standard 
was  lowered  and  skin.sof  5  imunds  were  taken  wherever  found.  It  was 
thus  that  the  last  two  killings  were  swelled  to  their  i)resent  proportions. 

For  the  wlude  season  we  obtained  a  total  of  -1,112  skins,  against  a 
total  of  lo,i;{8  on  Lho  same  date  last  year. 

That  the  seals  should  have  disajtpeared  so  rapidly  siuco  the  report 


ALASlvA    INDl'STUIKS. 


23! 


of  your  i)i'edecess(»r  in  I.SSS  is  so  iistoiii>;liii}j;  that  those  wlio  ciiii  not 
see  the  rookeries  and  hiuiUng  {jrounds  lor  themselves  may  well  be  i)ar- 
doned  tor  doubting  what  is.  1  am  sorry  to  say,  only  jtainlul  though  it 
be  to  all  who  arc  interested,  th(^  whole  truth  must  nevertheless  be  told, 
aiul  that  is  that  the  seals  have  been  steadily  decreasing  sinee  18iS(».  and 
tliedays  are  passed  and  gone  when  they  could  be  counted  on  the  rook- 
eries by  the  millions.  1  have  carefully  examined  the  rookeries  and 
hauling  grounds  at  Starry  Ateel  north  and  east,  and  1  find  sonu'what 
less  than  half  the  ground  covered  when  compared  with  former  years. 
J  acconi])aiiied  the  natives  when  they  went  to  make  a  drive  Irom  East 
Ivookery,  and  we  walked  along  the  beach  from  Little  East  to  East 
Hookery  Mitlumt  finding  one  seal  till  we  came  to  the  breeding  grounds 
])i'o]»er.  Either  Mv.  Lavender  or  1  was  ])resent  at  every  killing  made; 
we  saw  the  munbers  that  we  turned  away,  and  we  counted  the  skins  of 
all  that  were  killed,  ami  wo  find  that  what  is  true  of  one  rookery  is 
true  of  fhem  all — the  seals  are  not  on  them. 

Now  that  the  seals  have  disappeared  the  luitives  are  very  nmch 
alarmed,  and  they  anxiously  inquire  what  will  the  (iovernment  do  for 
them  in  their  destitution.  They  have  earned  during  the  ])resent  season 
.iiljfJI  l.!M),  which,  I  need  scarcely  add,  will  be  entirely  inadequate  to 
sujjply  food  and  clothing  lor  a  year  lor  a  pop.ilation  of  'M'  ])eo])le.  1 
never  knew  a  peoide  so  attached  to  a  chtucli  as  these  jtoor  creatures, 
and  now  they  are  in  great  tribulation  because  they  have  no  means  to 
contribute  to  its  suppoit,  nor  to  the  supjjort  of  the  luiest  and  his 
family.  At  one  of  their  many  meetings  they  requested  me  to  write  for 
them  to  the  Uussiau  (ireek  Church  Consistory  at  San  Francisco  and 
appeal  for  aid  for  their  ])rie8t  and  church  until  such  times  as  the  seal 
fisherix's  shoulil  recover  and  make  them  self  supi>orting.  In  justice  to 
the  priest,  1  may  tell  you  that  he  wtis  the  first  to  say  he  should  not 
have  any  share  of  the  eaiTiings  of  this  season,  and  that  he  w(mld  not 
take  any  money  from  the  people  until  times  mended,  and  that  he  ctmld 
alVord  to  pay;  oth'^rwiso  he  should  apjdy  to  the  consistory  for  a  ])osition 
in  another  locality. 

1  have  endeavored  to  impress  upon  them  the  fact  that  they  are  not 
to  be  abandoned  to  their  fate;  that  the  GovernnuMit  will  not  allow 
them  to  starve  or  suffer,  but  will  take  care  of  the  jteople  and  of  the 
rookeries  until  the  rookeries  are  built  uj)  and  fully  replenished,  when 
l)rosperity  an<l  hapi)iness  will  return  to  the  island  once  more. 

All  of  which  lb  most  respectfully  submitted. 

dosKi'u  MruiiAv, 
Firsi  Asxixtditt  Agent,  *S'<.  Gcon/e  Jsland. 

lion.  ('llAKl.Es  .1.  Coi'i', 

Ayint  in  charije  a/ ISi'til  Inlands,  AUtsku. 


('. — Invlosiirv  with  (lo(l'n  .tiiiiiiiil  Heport  for  ISOa;  Jiipurl  of  AnKinlanl  .li/eiit  .(. 

Larcniler. 


n: 


Offick  (»!•  Si'EuiAi-  Agent  Tueasiuy  Department, 

(S7.  flenrije  Island,  Jierintj  *Vtv(,  Jidy  :.'>i,  If^uo. 
SiK:  I  have  the  honor  to  make  you  the  following  report  of  this 
season's  sealing  by  the  North  American  Commercial  Company,  and  to 
oiler  such  rec()n>mendations  as  in  my  Judgment  should  be  enforcod  by 
the  (jovernment  lor  the  i)rotection  of  these  rookeries  during  the  next 
six  or  seven  years;  also  to  report  to  you  the  condition  of  the  natives 
and  their  houses,  aud  to  ask  that  such  repairs  to  their  houses  as  arc 


240 


AI/ASKA   INDUSTKIES. 


absolutely  iet|ijir«;.i  ]h;  fnriii.HlK'd  as  soon  as  possible;  also  to  reii'.iestof 
you,  ill  your  ri'porl  Jo  flie  Hccretary  of  tlie  Treasury,  to  ask  for  $.'{r>0 
for  rcpaiis  to  tlio  (ntvf.tumcut  liouso  and  such  other  articles  as  1  shall 
mention  in  tjii«  ii-port. 

In  aetonlan<«  wjtli  your  letter  of  the  20th  instant  askinfj  me  to  ship 
the  (i.JO  food  rikinn  on  the,  Cnited  States  cutter  Rush,  I  will  state  that 
1  have  foinplied  wi'h  the,  .same  and  inclose  you  a  receipt  signed  by  the 
captain ;  a  duplicate  of  the  same  I  have  in  this  ollice  on  lile.  1  will  also 
state  there  are  20  rr«ul  «kins  here  in  the  salt  house. 

The  killiiiff  of  Hi'.it\n  on  this  island  was  stopped  on  the  20th,  A  list 
of  each  number  kilh'd  out  of  each  drive  I  inclose  also  to  you,  and  you 
will  see  tiiat  at  th(i  hiHt  drive  from  North  aiul  Starry  Ateel  rookeri;s, 
and  also  from  Zapudnie,  that  there  was  a  larger  number  of  seals  killed 
than  from  any  oilier  drive.  This,  I  will  assure  you,  was  not  owing  to 
the  greater  numlx^i'  of  large  se^ils  being  driven  at  this  time,  but  to  the 
standard  weiglit  of  xikiii«  being  reduced  on  that  day  from  7  too  pounds, 
an<l  even  less. 

The  wiiter  wan  »(ji'i»rised  when  he  first  visited  the  rookeries  to  lind 
no  young  bull  wah  upon  tliem.  This  htoked  strange  to  him  and  he 
began  to  look  up  Ihe  eanse,  an<l  it  occurred  to  him  that  by  the  con- 
stant driving  of  youngs  male  seals  and  the  killing  of  all  the  2, ;{,  4,  and  5 
year  olds  there  w'<rre  no  young  bulls  left  to  go  on  the  rookeiies,  and 
without  young  blood  fhe  fur-seal  industry  will  be  something  of  the 
past  in  a  very  i'nw  yeura. 

The  <iovernm«nt  )*lionld  take  absolute  control  of  t'.iese  islands  and 
l>eriiiit  no  more  Kealn  to  be  killed  than  are  needed  by  the  natives  for 
fo(td  for  tiie  n<'xt  nix  or  Heven  years,  and  then  all  the  male  seals  driven 
should  be  kille^l,a*<  it  (•♦  my  opinion  that  not  over  one-half  ever  go  back 
ujx)!!  the  \<uik''iU'.ii  again.  In  this  Wiiy  there  would  be  killed  upon  tliis 
island  about  2,.'»<M>  eaeh  year.  Tiu'se  skins,  sold  in  the  market,  would 
l)iiy  all  the  exp<'hMeM  of  the  island  and  furnish  sucli  supplies  to  the 
initivesasto  keep  I  hem  from  want,  and  they  would  be  as  well  satisfied  as 
they  are  now  un<l«r  the  management  of  the  North  American  Conuner- 
eial  Company,  Without  something  of  this  kind  In  ingdone  the  natives 
will  soon  have  fo  move  from  these  islands,  for  there  will  be  nothing  to 
keep  them  here. 

The  Noiih  American  (Commercial  Company  has  lamled  and  turned 
over  to  this  oHiec  -'M»  gioj*s  tons  of  coal  for  the  use  of  the  natives,  and 
10  barrels  of  salt  Mulmon,  and  also  state  that  there  are  10  tons  of  coal 
in  the  coal  sJK'd  for  the  (lovernment  house. 

Most  all  of  the  native  houses  need  repairing;  some  need  a  new  lloor, 
others  a  nesv  loof,  and  I  would  recommend  that  at  least  four  of  these 
houses  be  made  Uwjii'f  by  the  addition  of  one  more  room. 

The  (ioveinmeiit  or  company,  whichever  has  charge  of  this  island 
the  next  season,  nhonld  send  at  least  10,000  feet  of  siding  and  10,000 
feet  of  flooring  on  the  first  steannn-  that  (;omes  up  in  the  spring;  also 
80,000  shingh's,  and  nails  ei,ough  to  do  the  work. 

The  natives  are  in  better  health  than  they  have  been  for  the  past 
year.  1  am  not  aware  of  there  being  a  sick  person  on  the  island. 
Their  sanitaiy  eondition  is  b;id,  and  to  each  house  there  should  be  a 
small  out  biuldjng  which  they  <:ould  use  for  a  closet.  Such  a  thing 
seems  to  Ite  unknown  here. 

The  re|>:iii>>  re<(U(red  by  the  Crovernment  house  are  as  follows:  The 
front  pint  form  needn  jcbiiilding,  and  part  of  the  roof  needs  shingling, 
and  the  whole  roof  to  be  paiiit<>d;  also  the  house  needs  painting  aud 
I)apering  on  the  itiMide,  i»nd  the  fence  repainting. 


ALASKA    INDUSTKIKS. 


241 


Tli(i  artioles  required   for  the  use  of  tliis  ollice,  are  as  follows:  Ouo 
letter  press  au»l  book,  1  bill  lile.  1   letter  lile,  paper  and  pens,  1  carpet 
for  (Joveriinient  lioiisc,  1  platform  scales,  1  sj)ring'  balance. 
Ivespeet fully,  yours, 

AmJEWT    \V.    l.AVKNDKU, 

AnnLsiditt  TnaniDy  Atjcnf. 

CHABL1;S   J.   (rOl'F,  10h(|., 

TfcuHunj  Atjcnt,  in  (  hanje  of  Seal  InUdtds. 


liioloHnrc  nilh  'iiiff'a  annual  ri'pin-l  fur  ISOO;    ri(inett  for  iiennisHinn  Id  hill  seiih  for 

.s/irn'Hit'im. 

NuUTII  Ameku.'a.n  Commeucial  Comtany, 

»S7.  Paul  Jutaiul,  July  1,  18!>0. 
.Sir:  As  i)er  request  of  I.  Liebes,  esq..  ]tresident  North  Araeriiian 
(Commercial  Company,  contained  in  his  letter  to  me  dated  at  San  Frau- 
cisco,  .Fune  !>,  IS'Jl),  1  hereby  ask  jtermissioii  to  kill  and  take  for  the  use 
of  said  company  for  exhibition  oidy,  to  be  stalled  and  set  up,  o  speci- 
men seals  of  dih'erent  ages.  in(;ludiug  1  cow  aud  1  young  black  pup. 
1  am,  very  respectUilly, 

(lEO.   K.   TiNHLK, 
iSuijetintendiHt  Xorth  American  Vommcroiul  Coi'ipany. 
ClIAS.   .1.   (lOFF,  Es(l., 

Trcasiifj/  Agent  in  chanje. 
(Note  in  red  ink.) — Consent  «)rally  given  and  this  letter  copied  in 
.Journal,  page  -!3G,  July  8.  Ib'JO. 


hicldiiirtu  iritli  Oi>l)"s  annnal  rrnort  for  ISliO. 

\f.  —  .liinii<il  Klaltnt'jnl  of  fur  sif'^  lilhil  on  .S7.   I'aiil  Island,  .llankd,  ilnrimj  the  year 

ended  .Inlii  .'(),  ISO". 


Niinilii-r  nf  sc;iN 
Uilli-il  Inlnalivrs' 
I'oimI, 


Datit. 


lioiikcrv. 


M 


i  >.        Skins 
""^    ■  rt'jwtcd. 


NiiinlMi-df  siiils  liillfd 


.Vrct'plrd.      Ufjecteii. 


Atinivyatr. 


I   *.'  '•     -  i  ?  i  il    _• 


A        r" 


;800.  I                                                      ' 

Mdv    28      S.iiit)l\vcHt  Itiiy 

.Iiiiii'    I!      Uinf . 

II     eld...   

l::      I'nlslni 

Ml      liicd 

17      .V.  v..  I'uiiit .  . 

17  n;ilt\v,iv    I'oiiit 

IH  TnlHliii'aiHl  .Miilillc  Mill    . 

18  N.  v..  Point 

'.>()      lii'crnnd  i.iikaiiiiKii 

ai      .V.  Iv  I'.iiiit 

•Jl        SniltlnviRt    lillV    

21  N.  !•;.  I'oiiil...'.. 

2)  Kii^^IIhIi  li^iyaiiil  I.iiUan 

IHIIl 

2:1     N".  lC.l'()iii( . 

21      Itrcraiiil  Zoltoi 

21      N.  Iv  I'l.inI 

2.">      llaHwa.v   I'liiiil 

2:;      N.  V.  Point ;. 

W     S.  W.  liav L 

27  Kn-li-1.    IS.v   uihI    Mill-  I 

.11..  II  ;il       '  ' 


I 

ii!i :  iM 


■i     I 


illii  Mill. 
N.  K.  I'oiiil. 

p.'ir 


ii:. 
ii."i 

fp  ill 

IHI 

;ii.') 
Hi 

1117 

270 

7H 

;);!9 
4:18 

•XW.1 
!Mi 

.•)i:, 

ITIi 

lit 

2i'2 
21)3 
lilt 
114 

:;7t 

22) 

2il.'i 


3 

1 

4 
1 

i 

y.'i 

:;5 

' 

1 

2 

4  I 

1 

1 

- 

;< 

.... 

Ill 

:i 
1 
12 

0 

:i 

;i 

^» 

19 

1 
1 

I 

21,1 

1 

ll.") 

4 

iia 

IK) 

1 

nil 

5:1!) 

;i5 

ri74 

11*2 

182 

:il5 

0 

:ii7 

111 

111 

1«7 

107 

2711 

4 

274 

78 

7H 

;i:iu 

u:io 

4;iH 

4:1ft 

2UI) 

•) 

21(2 

;i« 

Ull 

niH 

:i 

521 

178 

1 

170 

414 

12 

4211 

Lllf) 

211.-. 

211:1 

i 

znii 

iiin 

101' 

nil 

I 

ir; 

.■1711 

20 

;iofl 

2:i(i 

2:iU 

2UI1 

2UU 

II.  Doc.  Wl- 


i;"i(M'tcMl  lor    I  hi  1-  r.N's.ins,  l.")ll. 


242 


ALASKA    INDU8TKIE8. 


I), — .iinniiit  stiileminl  ol'l'nv  stain  Li  lied  on  SI,  I'liiil  hlaiiil,  AlunLtt,  Wc— Continued, 


Hall'. 


Un<ik<u-\'. 


■Iiiiir  '.'H  '  S.  K.I'oint 

:iu  'riiixtiii.  i:.  uny,  miiIiIIc 

I       llill.uiiil  Kiaaviu 

:iii     N'.  K.  roiiil 

.Iiilv     1      lili  I 

"      1  N.  Iv  I'l.iiit. 


N'uiiiIh'P  nC  Mi-al-* 
Killrtl  I'm-  iiatp.  <--.' 
I'immI. 

If        ■:>■        Skins 
3    ,     r.-^    .  n.,i.r|r.l. 

.'X  "^    • 

>^      r.  C  r    . 

H  y      -  *£.  J:    1^  ." 


Niiinht-r  (iC  m-alM  killcil 
1»\  h'SHrc.H  lor  MkiiiH. 


Arrriili'il,        llcji-rti 


l-cC- 


-, I I  '' 

i I  '.'Ofl 

«7 

2« 

i:i(i 

llallHav   l'i>iiil ;  '^40 


N.  K.  P.iiiil. 

;i     S.  W.  liny.     

:i      N.  !•;.  I'ciiiil 

4       TulHliii.     Kimlmli     llav,  { 
anil  MIiIiIIkIIIII....'...  . 
■l     N.  K.riiiiil 

r,    liiii  

r.    \.  K.riiint 

7      Kii(.'l{.i|i      lluv,     Miililli' 
iilll.     ToNt'iii.    I.nkaii 

lion,  anil  Ki'lasiu 

7      N.  i:,  I'liiiil 

H      llallrtav   I'liint 

H      N    i;,  riiint 

1)     ,H.  W.  liny  

I)     N .  K.  Point 

10  .  ItlTf 

Ill     .\.  i:  Point 

1'.'      I'JmlJHli      Itav.      .Miilille 
Hill,    I'olsloi.   I.nUaii' 

lion,  aial  k'i'lav  ii< 

i;i      IIiiHwav  I'liinl 

i:i      N.  KI'oiMi 

14      liner 

I.'i      Kn|.'li^ll     liav.     Miilillu  I 
Hill.    'lolHl'iii.    Liikan.  I 

lion,  anil  Kelavii- 

\Ti      N.  Iv  I'oinI 

Hi    ilo 

I"      I'olaviiia.    I.iikannoii, 

anil  Krla\  io 

17      \.  K.Poiiil   

Iff       ...ill) 

IH     /a|iiiiliiii' 

i:i      lii-i'fanil   /.iiltoi '. 

lit      .N.  10.  Point '. 

'."I      KiJKlisli     liav.     Miililli' 
Hill.   Tolstoi.    I.nkan    | 
non,       Ki'tavic,      ami 

liiiikv  Point 

N.  !■;.  Point 


181 

\m 

■\n 
:ii8 

524 
74 


400 

;i»G 

'J.")7 
:i7H 
IGU 
271 
:!7:i 

112 


B24 
211 
(ill 
Hit 


;i 

11)     ; 

'J'j 

1 

::::.' 

I 

11 
.... 


211 


3 1.1 
24  .'p 

:ill 
:iuii 

4«.'i 
4(l."> 
80 
.■il7 
■I  Hi 


«       IS 

2     47 


Tolal. 


110       lla 


1    10.78:1     -,i)   ]K-, 


11 
4 

T 

4 


l.W 


A)j«ri>KUlo. 


2117 
IIH 
2tt) 
i:il 
240 
IKI 
181 
IHII 


'3-5 


:i2i 


toil 
:!:ii> 

2.'.7 

;i7ii 

l(i2 
271 

:i74 

112 


ti21l 
211 

lill 

101 


11 

4 
... 

4 


4 

17 


;iir> 

24J 

ill 

i 

;)72 

48.'. 

4ii.'i 

811 

irid 

.•|4'.> 
4  Hi 


7:.8 
.100 


22 
47 


71) 

200 

08 

240 

nil 

242 

im 

1811 
180 

404 

a2l 

.12(1 

74 


411 

:i:i(i 

2(11 

;i7o 
iu:i 

271 

;i78 

112 


(i:;:i 

211 
(laS 

lui 


111.1 

24.1 

;ii2 
;i72 

48.1 
40.1 

2;iii 
ri.ifl 

44U 


780 


■Mi  \{\,m:i    aui  17,224 


*  llfjiM'ti'il  Inr  ntl'or  reasons.  1.1(1. 
Tiihli-  xhiiiiitifi  iliHpiinilitiit  (if  the  rvjdtcil  xlhtn  <if  IS'.iii  ivhiili  I  re/itwd  to  dvntriii/. 


Total  niiniliei'  ol  skin 


i-leil. 


•Ililv  1(1.  aeee|)teil  liy  lenHee.s  at  N.  10.  Pt f. 

.Inly  2(1.  aeeepteil  li'v  liHSnes  at  N.  10.  PI 

■IiiU  20,  ail  epleil  liv  les.sees  at  village 

Noiv  in  (.all  al.  N.  Iv  I'l 

Now  In  s.ilt  at  vill.-i;;o 

lleri  iMii  liy  Noilli  .\iiierieaii  Coniniereial  ('oiii|iany  to  make  snil.s  for:;  ein|iloyeiR  w  lio  me  In 

M  mil  I-  on  SI.  M.I  It  lie". s  Islanil,eMtalili.sliiii^'  a  iiailin;;  slat  ion  loi'saiil  eiini|iany 

Prol.  Will  lain  Palmer  ol'  the  .Sinitlisiiniau  Instil  ill  ion 

Spoileilon  I  lie  li.  ill 

(ii\ en  to  the  natives 


:i01 


41 

at 

17 


41 
4 

42 


otai. 


am 


'I'Ik!  North  Aincrican  CuniiiicnMal  Coiii]iiiiiv  iisUiol  I'm'  live  Hii(?riiii(iiM  Cur  I'xliMiitioii 
iis  |p(T  iiiciiin|iiiiiyin;;  Icltci',  iiiiil  i'cporti;il  killiiij,'  1  cow.  1  imii,  1  bull,  larKo,  -i  nialtsH 
III'  (lilVtrciit  iiycs;  lotnl,  0. 


ALASKA    INUrSTKlF.S. 


243 


E. — .tiiniiiil  1 1  (I  tf  III  I  III  III'  fur  hiiiIh  killiil  mi  si.  licnnir  InUiiiil,  .lUiil:ii,  dnrinfi  the  year 

lllllnl  .hilil  .:il,   IS'Jd. 


Xllllllll'1'OrBI'llN  liilldl  ll.V  IcHMM'H 

\'uv  Mkiiis. 


Ay;;rrf;iit('H. 


Dali'.    I 


KuMki'iv. 


July 


I«1MI. 
Jiimi  - 
III 
IS 
III 
:;o 
■a 
2."> 

28 
30 

1 

:i 
r> 
7 

8 
1) 
II 

\•^ 
u 

15 

1« 

18 

211 
'.Ml 


Aric|ilnl. 


I'rillic 


Unji'iiliMl 
I'm'  olhrr 
ri'iiHiiiin; 
<lli'il  on 
llin  I'oihI. 


Niirlli 

Kant 

N'oiili 

Kast  iiikI  MMIk  V.asI    

/iipailiili!  

Slari-v  AIimI  mid  Nipilti 

KaHt  iiiiil  l.illli'  I'asI    

Slari-y  A  led  aii<t  Niirlli.  ... 

/apaiiiiit^ 

Eu.st  and  l.illlii  KmhI 

Stiirrv  Alicd  and  Niirlli 

Kast  iinil  i.illli'  KaHl 

/apailnii'  

Kant  and  l.iMlo  KaHt 

Slaiiv  Alccl  ami  N'lirtli 

Kam  ■ 

Starry  Alril  and  North 

/apailnii' 

Kast 

Slurry  Alicliinil  Norlli 

Kast '. . . , 

Starry  Atn  1  and  Niirtli. . . , 
Xapudnlo 


71 
^14 

li:i 
1711 

:i!ii 

182 
188 
I  nil 
US 

••u 

Till 
'i7 
■li 
181 
fiU 


1112    .. 

5:)   . . . 

1 

i;ii   1 

nil        .  .  

71     .          

fl:i.l 

Skins 
aria'pted. 


Skins 

Ic.iiTtnl. 


Tdlal 

niiniliiT 
iiI'mI'mI.s 
killiMl. 


71 

71 

•Jl« 

218 

IIH 

117 

l^l 

181 

;iii» 

;iut 

Mil 

nil 

n4 

181 

1811 

IHll 

IH'.l 

I8;i 

11)1 

115 

2:i8 

I'lU 

57 

57 

58 

57 

21 

211 

Hi:i 

1811 

(ill 

5!l 

l(i:i 

102 

5:i 

51) 

i;i2 

i:il 

U'J 

111) 

71 

71 

(III 

1141 

-■J  J 

527 

I. 


4.  i;i:i 


4, 112 


71 
218 
118 
181 
3U4 

nil 

184 

189 

189 

1411 

2:i8 

57 

58 

24 

193 

60 

103 

r.3 

132 

I  in 

71 
041 
527 

4,  133 


.N'uTK.    -Oni'  ri'icrtrd  skin  was  ;;ivi'n  to  llic  child',  and  Ihc  ri'inainiiit;  Iwonty  (20)  wiTr  salted  down 
in  the  suit  huii.ti'  till  lurthor  urdcrH. 

.IdSKIMI    Ml'HIlAV, 

I'irtI  AtUnlaiu  Agent. 


301 


41 
31 
17 


41 
4 

1511 

42 


I'l'idi.'yrani.l 
Iiirhisiirc  with  (loff's  annual  n  purl  fur  ISUii;    inxtrniiiinia  roiiirinimi  irrliiiii  J'liml  nkiim. 

\VASiiiN(iT()N,  I).  (J.,  May  '>,  /.\w. 

Should  any  doubt  iirise  concoriiiii};  pup  skins  cliuined  by  Alaska  Coin- 
inorcial  (Joiiiiiaiiy  under  instructions  to  Ao(>nt  Nciilt'ton  of  March  11 
last,  you  will  causoall  siidi  skins,  to}>'Cthcr  witli  the  iiioichantablo  skins 
spccilied  in  your  instructions  of  Marcli  L'li  last,  to  ho  shi])ped  to  collector, 
San  Francisco,  and  thereupon  report  facets  to  Department  for  determina- 
tion. 

Gko.  C.  Tioiii^nok, 

Asuisluiit  iSecrctdri/. 
CHAS.  .1.  (loFK, 

TrvUHUfii  Aiicnt  Seal  Inlands, 

(Jure  Collector  of  Ciintoins,  San  Francisco,  Val., 


Iiiilominn  with  (ii)(rx  aniiiuil  rijinrt  fur  AS.'"';   ilntjiox'itiuii  of  fond  xhiiin. 

Sr.  (rEoiKiK  Island,  Alaska,  Mat/  :'ii,  is'jo. 
Sir:  Herewith   1  wouhl  ask  permission  to  sliip.  ])ci'  steamer  Dora, 
4SL'  fur  seals,  at  present  stored  at  our  village  salt  bouse  and  101)  at  our 
salt  bouse  at  Zapadnie. 


244 


ALASKA    INUUSl'HII'8. 


Thcao  501  fur  soals  were  killed  l>y  tlif  iKitivcs  for  food  diiriiifj  tlni 
winter  18SI)  to  l.S'.Mt,  aiid  luivo  ht'ou  salted  and  caicd  Inr  Ity  the  Alaska 
Coniniereial  Company,  itefore  tlie  tianst'er  of  its  property  Id  the  Nortli 
American  Coniniereial  Company,  the  jiresent  holders  of  tlie  lease  for 
the  Seal  Islands. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respeetfnlly, 

|{l  Uoi.iMl   NkhmaNN, 
(ioicnd  Af/tnt  AUmlcK  < Commercial  Comptdii/, 
lion.  CiiAS.  .1.  Coi'i. 

United  tStatcs  Triitsiirii  Aiiciit  in  tlii(r(ir  of  llic 

)Si'(((  Ishnids,  St.  J '(till  anil  St.  Ociiriic 


St.  I'Aii,  Island,  Alaska,  Maif  r.l,  Is'to. 
Sir:  Horowitli   I  would  ask   permission  to  ship,  per  steamer   hma^ 
■'{,  1!H»  fur  seals,  791  sta^^y  skins  being  included  in  this  immi)er,  and  stored 
at  i)resont  at  onr  village  salt  house  and  LMl.S  at  our  salt  house  at  North- 
east Point. 

These  .'5,4!)t  fur  seals  were  killed  by  the  natives  for  food  during  the 
winter  of  ISS!)  to  LSitO,  and  have  l)eeii  salted  and  eared  for  by  the,  Alaska 
Commercial  Company,  before  (he  transfer  of  its  property  to  (Ik;  North 
American  Coniniereial  Company,  the  present  holders  of  the  lease  ibr 
the  Heal  Islands. 

1  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully, 

ifniOLiMf  Nkimann, 
(icniral  Aijrnt  Alaska  ('oinmcrcial  Company, 
Hon.  CiiAS.  J.  doi'i-'. 

United  States  Treasuri/  A(jent  in  charijc  of  tlie 

Seal  Inlands,  St.  I'aul  and  St.  (leorije. 


Hi.  I'Ai  L  Isi-AND,  Alaska,  Mai/  .il,  is'jo, 
Sir:  In  reply  to  your  eomniunieatious  bearing  dates  .May  lit!  and  .51, 
respectively,  asking  permission  to  remove  tiie  lur  seal  skins  now  in  tiic 
salt  houses  on  St.  I'aiil  and  St.  (leorgc  islands,  I  will  say,  in  pursuance 
to  instructions  received  by  iiie  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  I 
will  have  to  respectfully  decline  to  allow  yon  to  remove  the  skins  in 
question,  and  herewith  inform  yon  that  all  of  Hie  said  skins  will  be 
shipped  per  I'liited  States  cutter,  care  collector  of  customs,  San  I'ran- 
Cisco,  Cal..  to  be  disjiosed  of  by  the  Department  as  the  Seoretai  y  may 
deem  advisable. 

Respectfully,  yours,  CllAS.  .1.  (JoM', 

Tt'vaHunj  Aijent 
lion.  UUDOLi'lI   Nn  MANN, 

General  Aijent  Alaska  Coininereial  Uomimnij. 


St.  Pail  Island,  ./»///  n.  isno. 

Deau  Six?:  The  North  American  Commeicial  (Jompany  will  accept 
as  part  of  their  quota  of  (!(»,(I0(I  seal  skins  for  I.SiJCI  siicli  of  the  food 
skins  of  1880  as  they  may  lind  on  examination  to  be  merchantable  and 
acceptable  to  them. 


ALASKA   INDUSTniEH. 


2  If 


The  HkiiiH  \w'\\\^  now  storod  in  diir  Wiircliouseson  lliis  ami  .*■'(.  (l('(»r;;>' 
Lsliiiid,  we  licreliy  cliiini  tlic  inivilc^jc^  of  aviiilint,'  oiiis(dv<'s  of  tlii"  oIVit 
iiiiKh'  us  l>y  (III)  Imnoraldc  St'iTotary  of  tlf  Treasury  at  \Va.sliin;;(i)n, 
ns  cdiitaincd  in  and  hcin;;'  a  ])ai'l  (d'  liis  in.strnclions  to  you.  dated 
IMai'cli  L'(l,  l.SilK,  a  copy  of  w  liicli,  l)y  Ids  rn|iK'st,  yon  were,  l<ind  cnon^di 
to  I'urnisli  the  conipany,  widiii  iustrnttions,  in  our  oi»inion,  were  not 
('liaufjcd  by  any  snl»st'i|U('id  ((idcr  made  liy  tlie  lioiioral)lo  Secretary,  ho 
far  as  our  riyld  to  acccjit  tiie  food  skins  is  <'onceined.  If  tliefood 
skins  ciainicd  by  ns  slionid  not  be  de|i\  ered  to  us  Iiere,  so  as  to  enable 
us  to  sliip  tlieni  wilii  the.  company's  skins  taken  ninlor  tlieir  lease  this 
season,  we  conhl  jn)t  }fet  them  in  London  in  time  for  our  fall  sale  were 
Ihey  tendered  the  company  at  San  l''iaiicisco  alter  tlie  cutter's  arrival 
from  Alaska  in  the  fall.  ISein;,'  thus  deprived  of  the  skins,  a  heavy 
loss  to  the  company  in  pidspectixc  j)r(di(s  would  result,  which  loss  we 
would  feel  should  be  made  p»od  tons  by  the  Government  of  the  I'ldtcd 
States. 

I  respect fidly  re(|nest  yon  to  communicate  to  me  in  writing  the  result 
of  your  conclusions  in  the  matter. 

I  am,  very  respectfully.  (iEo.  H.  TiNiii.K, 

SKpcrinlOKlciit  yorlh  Avurlrttii  Cumiinrcial  i'omi)a»!i. 

CiiAs.  J.  (loi  r,  Ksfj., 

Treasury  Af/eni,  in  chiiryc  Sea}  Fislirr'us. 

St.  I'diil  IshintI,  AIiisLk. 


OFFICK   (IF   SrFCIAI,   AfiENT   'riJEASTKY    I)K1>AKT:ME>.T, 

»S7.  I'diil  Island,  fluty  .s,  is'Jt). 
Dear  Sin:  Your  comnniideatiou  of  even  date,  in  which  you  ask  i)er- 
niission  to  assort  and  examine  the  skins  of  the  seals  killed  for  food  dnr- 
inj;'  tii(;  w  inter  of  ISS!)  and  l.MXt  and  to  take  such  as  you  may  adjudge 
acceptable  to  your  company  as  jiart  of  your  .season's  catch  for  this 
year,  has  been  carefully  considered  and  your  reipiest  respectfully  de- 
clined, as  i  have  nooption  in  tlii^  matter  other  than  to  strictly  obey  the 
orders  of  the  Sei-retary  of  the  Treasury. 

1  avail  my.self  of  this  oi)poitunity  to  notify  you  that  on  and  after 
duly  I'D  1  shall  re(|uire  you  to  conform  to  that  <'Ianse  in  my  instructions  ^ 
which  iirevents  killing  <d'  fur  seals  for  their  skins  after  that  date. 
IJespectfully,  yours, 

CUAULKS   d.  (ioFl', 

Treasury  Ayent. 
(iEO.  If.  Tincle,  Esq., 

General  Manayir  yortli  Ameriean  Coniiiiereial  Vtnnpany. 


2h; 


ALASKA    IM)i;sTRIi:.S. 


INCI.nHfliKS  WITH  <1()1'I'H  ANNIJAI-  llKl'OItT  FOH  1800. 

V.  —  .liiHii(il  Hialciiiiiil  III' fur  Hiiih  Iclllril  fur  J'uoil  i>n  St,  I'mil  IhUiiiiI,  .IhiHkii,  tlurinij  Iht 

ijiiir  rmliil  Mail  .7,  tf<!iii. 


Itnlo. 


UiM.ki'ry. 


I'lipH. 


lH8tl. 

.Inly  ;il   '   /(.llnl 

Aiii;.    li      l.iiKiiiiiKMi 

.\u^.  11  I'liliinni    oMT    hliipnit'iit    in 

hull  ImiIIKi' 

Ang.  14  '  ZoUol 

Aiijj.  a'J    ilii 

AiiK.  ill     TiiIhIiiI 

Hdl.t.    0     ZiilKil 

H<'|lt.  1H    ill) 

SclM.  'Si    <lii 

Oct.      n    ilci 

On.    l.'i    do 

(let.    'M      IjiikiiiiiKili 

Nov.     ■!      Znltiii 

■Nov.  10  1  'J'olalol 

Ncpv.  'Jl  I  UucI' 

N(iv.  1!7    lid 

JCciv.  'M     /B|iiiilnio 

Nciv.  :iii    li.'ii 

Die.    11      /ll\ilMlllii' 

I  Kim. 

.Inn.  '.'7 

iluy  21 


Sea  l.iiin  Kurk . 
ill.    


Toliil 

Skinx    lit    Niirllii'iiHt    r<iirl 
Uilli'driii'  wiilrliiiii'ii 


Nniiilii-r  III' HcnU  Killril  I'nr  iiiilivi-H'  I'ihmI. 

SkiiiH     !       SklliM  ri'.irrli'd. 
iu'n'|itril  ; 

liv        ll'mliT   m„„,,,     ,.,,, 


I.  (II I 
l.'.'iltl 


I.iiru" 

yoiiuu 

I'liiiii. 

HiiaU. 

inn 

Hill 

i(i;i 

iii:i 

.■8 

M 

till 

i:il 

III 

141 

170 

1711 

141 

141 

III! 

111! 

|ii7 

107 

l-.'ii 

lai 

lii:i 

mil 

u: 

i.i'j 

r.'.i 

i:;.i 

aji 

'*'ji 

;i47 

:i47 

iii'j 

103 

111 

10 

i;4ii 

210 

:;4;i 

'.'i:i 

IT,-| 

i:ii 

17.-I 

i:il 

2,  2X0 


(irillllltlllalnrrilllllHkillH 


;ii'i 
3,  M:i 


;i.  232 


l.^lll 

1 

1 

4 

io:i 

""!.'i.. 

M 

1 

1 

12:1 
1:10 

;i  . 

1 

1              "7 

1 

01   .. 
141    .. 
11(1    .. 

loti    .. 
Ilil  .. 

uo   .. 

80    .. 

42  ... 

1 

1 
4 

ii 

44 

HO 

22:1 
:ii7 

ISO 

10 
2;io 

240 
170 

1:11 

2,  3!lii 


794 


'I'lie.^o  Mliius  "ill   lie  nliipiiiil  ini   lidanl   I'.  .'^.  riillci'   A'iV/ki/J  7i'i(»/i  iinil  i'iin.-'i;;iii'il   to  ciillii'loi' uf 
ciiNtnnis.  Sun  l-'niiirlMrii.  a>*  pi'i*  viinr  inrttrmiiiiiis  lii'ar'itiL!  iliili'  >1jiy  .'.  I80O. 
Tliu  nloimiir  will  l.aM'  lln'  ii^al  islanil.H  fiirly  in  Si'pli'iiiln'i-. 


Aniiiiiil  Hliilcmrnl  of  fur  m uls  lilli'il  fur  fiinil  nii  Si.  (ieoriir  hliiiiil.  Aliinhii,  ihirimj  the 

i/tiir  ciiiliii  Mail  .i/,  ISUii. 


Datu. 


IhS.I. 
Auk.  10 
An}.'.  19 
Ann.  30 
Sri>t.    7  I 
Si'pt.  21 

Si'pi.  ;)o  , 

Oct.  11 
Oct.  21 
Oct.  31 
Nov.  0 
Nov.  12 
Nov.  25 
Jtav  13 
JIuy  31 


IIihpImtv. 


.Villi  li., 
....ilo. 
do  . 


Kimt 

il 

Noith 


l''ortlic  watclimeu  at  /apaduic  loi  tin-  uliulo  Hcason 
Total 


Niinilii'i'  III'  Kcals  hillcil  lor 
natives'  I'outl. 

LnrBc   I   Hkins 
I'lips.        viiiinK    ri'jcctKil 

sralM.     (Htaccy). 


...ilo ..    . 

.StiirryAt.il 

North .                      

....ito 

(illO 

...ill) 

Stiirrv-.Mi  cl 

Niiitd 

471 

...ilo 

Ml 

18 

48 

(i.l 

at 

.M) 

50 

33 

33 

37 

37 

0 

n 

ni 

32 

37 

II  in 

1,071 


G30 


232 


riiosp  slclns  (030)  will  In-  sliippi  il  on  biiard  f.  S.  ciittir  l.'idmril    Vtis/i  1  i(iiini;:iiiil  to  collector  of 

'IIhIoiiih  at  San  l''raiiii.srii.  a.s  jicr  yi.iir  in^tniillMMf;  licarinL'  dale  May  ,1,  1800. 
The  steamer  will  leuvo  the  neal  islaiiiU  early  in  Si  liteiiilier. 


K¥l 


ALASKA    IM,!'8TI{IKfl. 


24V 


(). —  Tablf  Hhoii'iiifl  llir  hilliiifi  n/  fur  hhiIh  dii  Si,  I'liill  IhIiiiiiI  ii\i  In  Jiilii  '.'(>.  tSSH,  hi/  Hie 
.lliliiliii  Ciimiiirrriiil  l'i>ii\))iiiiii,  iniil  ii)i  lit  •lnhf  .'",  ISUn,  hij  the  .S'nilli  liiiirUiiii  I  ninmei- 
ciiil  I'limiKiiiii;  iilmi  duiljl  ittiilhtr  nimrt  from  Jiiiiv  I  Id  ilutij  ■!/  af  khIi  yiiir. 

VIl.l.AllK. 


Diktf. 


■Iiiiiii  A. 
1(1. 
12. 
14. 
IS. 
17. 
18. 
10. 
20. 
22. 
24. 
2B. 
20. 
27. 
2H. 
2U. 


1880. 


Total . 


r  of 


the 


I'lir 


ti'd 
ey). 


48 
Ut 
50 

;!7 


Jnlv     I. 
■      2. 

•J. 

4 

S. 
6. 

H. 
0. 
10. 

l.'i. 
111. 

17. 
18. 
HI. 
2U. 


N.I, 
klllrd. 


12(1 
IM7 
7111; 

:uii 

Wl.') 
I,  Kll 
I,.Wl 

2."p:i 

1,  'iM 

2,  57H 
«7II 

1,:il4 
ill  I 

i,:iii> 

l.dllH 

15,  nw 


l>a«' 


I  "'.10. 


I  U. 
II. 
III. 
111. 
17. 
IH. 
20. 
21. 
23. 
24. 
2.";. 
20. 
27. 
28. 
11(1. 


Ti.lul. 


I,(]'.M      .Inly     1. 


h:ii 
841 
7|ii 

'J."','' 

:i(ij 

814 

III  I 
r,.-,4 

(Kll 
Ol  Hi 
(W.'l 
(111 

o::i 
(im 

017 

111:1 


a. 
4. 

r.. 
7. 

8. 

fl. 
10. 
12. 

14. 

V<. 
17. 
18. 
Ill, 

20, 


Total 2fi,  (!(in 


Total  . 


No. 
klll.il. 


I  in 

r.74 

182 

ai7 

1117 

274 

:i:ii) 
2112 

Ml 
426 
2S« 
117 

aiio 

206 

2>IU 

4,  402 

240 
212 

I8:i 

4tU 
520 
411 
2(11 

loa 
a78 
0:1a 
211 
1114 
ai.') 
a72 
2aii 

5.'i0 

78(1 

0.  Ill 


.N(ll!TlIi:,\Sr  I'OINT. 


.1(111(1  17. 
18. 
19. 
21. 
24. 


20, 
27. 
28. 
20. 


Total . 


Jnlv 


1. 

■1! 

5. 
fi. 
8. 
9. 
1(1. 

la. 
1,1. 

Ki. 
17. 
18. 
111. 
20. 


Tnlal  . 


1 ,  (^1 1 

1,270 
4!U 

1,205 
7.14 

1,4117 
111 
814 
4-.S 

:i;ii) 

8.  28.1 

1,200 
1108 
l,0,Vt 
1,.VJ4 
370 
1114 
(111 
8110 

7iia 
1,8:;8 

048 
1,282 

8:14 
1;  243 

I  ,'i,  o7(i 


.In  lie  17.. 
18.. 
20.. 
21.. 
23.. 
24.. 
2.'i. 
•1!.. 
28,. 
30.. 


Tc.dil  , 


.Inlv 


9. 

10. 
13. 
1.1. 
1«. 
17 
18. 
I!). 
20. 


T.ital  . 


232 
)r  of 


(I  Two  liiiiidrril  unil  tdiiy  tlircc  lliin  ilay  to  innlic  llu'  lull  iinula  ol'  lnii.OOO, 

i;K(;.\rrni..\Ti()X. 

Total  nnmlicr  of  fur  seals  liillcil  liv  l<>,s:<c('n  on  St.  Tanl  iRland  Iroin  .Iiiiio  1  lo.Inlv  2o: 

1889 ; ; 

1890 


1(! 

78 

438 

on 

179 

20.-I 

I  no 

230 
79 
08 

,  r>Kt 

131 

il(i 

180 
::2I 
74 
:i:i(! 
.".7il 
271 
112 
0,18 
21.1 

ai2 

48.1 
40-1 
44(i 

.i.in 

..  007 


0.1,  187 

.;.  10.1 


218 


ALASKA    INDrs'I'IJIKS. 


(i. —  Tiililc  .iliiiiiiiiij  III,  hillimi  i>f  fur  Kculi  oil  si.  J'mil  Ixlaml,  <7i'.--('iiiil  iiiiird. 

WK.v'iiiKi;  i;i'.i'(ii;r. 


1.,ivi.f 


.Illlic,  i.:<>. 


.l.llv,   l>hll. 


.lllllO.  ISilll. 


.IllIV.    IvSilll. 


H.... 

!l... 
111... 
II.... 

1::.... 
i:i.... 

14..   . 

i.">.... 
Hi... 

17... 

1.1.... 

HI.... 

no.... 
•ji... 
'jj. . . 
sii!!!. 

'-•4.... 


\M. 


M.... 

2i». . . . 

30... 

31.... 


!■-• 
411 
14 
4X 
17 

41 
47 

-'I 

i:i 
4:1 
::.•< 
4.1 
u 
4:1 

Hi 
4!) 
I'.l 
4."i 
111 
■l."i 
III 
1:; 
4'! 
I'.l 
.'il 


411 
::'.! 

■"  I 
4:1   : 

:«!  ! 

IM'll 

M  1 
40 

;ij< 

:i7 
:i7 
;i7 
.•w 
:;K 
:)t! 

;w 
■M 
;is 

411 

40 
41 
41 

III 
40 


I'd; 

('In 


.  .ll.i  ... 

.illl  

....!.. 

..ll.l 

iilih 

.    ill.  

.Ill 

.    .Ill  

ll.. 

IliirU  f.iK 

Kaiii 

II 1>  . 

Kiiiii 

ririi- ... 

Clim.lv  ... 

.ll.l  .'..... 

..ill.    

l!;.in 

Tlii.  k  111'.; 
. .   ilo 

Cl.illllV         . 

( 'li;ir  '. . . . . 
....I.. 

rlnllllv 
.       .!.! 


4.". 

4.> 

4- 


47 
4S 


4. 
4'.l 


I,- 
411 


4.1 
U 


III 
411 

4:; 

41 

40 
4(1 
■I 'J 
411 

r." 

4'J 
41 
42 
411 
40 
4'.' 

r: 
4:1 
4 'J 

IL' 
41 
4:1 
II 
\2 
rJ 
4  J 
4-1 

4;i 
4:1 

12 
13 

4  J 


Cliiir 

Ihizv  .... 
..   ll.; 

Cli'ai- 

ll:i/\     ..    . 

.   ill.' 

riii.4.  ll.-. 

il;iiii 

Ilii/v      ... 

Ilii.k  li.u 

!■■"« 

(.'I.ur 

...ll. 

.     ll.l 

.     .!(.  

..   .1.. 

IIii/v 


(liar    .. 
TliiiU  r. 


Ili.M 


I'll-  .. 

Ila/v       . 
Ihi.'k  I.' 

11../A      .. 

I.  .I.'..... 


Ilii/. 
I'..;:'  . 


;i7 
:ii 
II 


1:1 

41 
4M 
1:: 
41 
4:1 
'l;i 

4:i 
1:1 

4S 

ri 
4.'. 
II 

lU 

1:1 

10 
40 
1:; 
4.'. 
I-.' 
44 
44 
1:; 
1:1 


:;.i 
:i.i 


no 
:io 
:;4 

:i7 

:i7  I 

;i7 

;,s 

;ii; 

lid 

:i7 


;io 
III 

4" 

:.ii 

40 

lis 
:io 

:ifi 

40 

;;o 


StinW      ... 

4(1 

III 

K..;:. 

Il.izv 

4.^ 

III 

II.. 

I 'I.I.I- 

4(1 

40 

Cl.ai 

I'ilM- 

47 

:iit 

II.. 

CI.  Ill- 

.'•.II 

411 

D.i 

I'....;  

r.i 

411 

ll.l 

Ilil/v    

.M 

41 

Do 

li.'iin    

44 

40 

II.. 

Tlii.  1,  r..- 

4(1 

41 

llHZ\ 

■  1..  ... 

47 

IJ 

n.. 

.1.1 

4H 

4:1 

l''..«. 

I'OL'.      ... 

;",. 

41 

ll.. 

.  .r. 

4K 

4:1 

Ilo 

.1.. 

44 

4:1 

K.tiii 

l.'a'i.iii,'  . . 

1,". 

4:1 

I'-ot. 

I'-.iU 

41 

41 

1... 

Kai.t    

47 

rj 

1>.. 

•■l.'ai   

47 

4'_' 

Do 

I''"^'  

.^11 

411 

II.. 

I'iiif 

40 

40 

l>o 

Itaill 

r.i 

44 

ll.l 

(.'I.ar    ... 

r.'i 

4:1 

I).. 

Ila/v 

r.:i 

4.-. 

II.. 

I"):' 

r.-.' 

4(1 

n.. 

...1.. 

5.' 

4.'. 

p.. 

...1.. 

r>:i 

4:; 

i>(. 

.  ..1(. 

r.;i 

4(1 

! '.. 

lla/v    .... 

.4!» 

).'. 

;>.. 

.   .|..  

4S 

44 

II.. 

...1.. 

4- 

411 
4'. 

ll.l 
11.. 

II. —  I'lilil,  nlii)iciii;i  ihe  hifiinninfl  III'  ciifli  smlinii  siiikdii  mi  tin 
SI.  (iiiirijv.  frtim  ISyi  lit  /S'ln,  i'hc'/'I  (.'■.  iiliil  llii  iiiiiiihei  ../' 
IfKHKK  iiji  III  ■liilij  :ii  III' inch  inay. 


!>!■: mis  of  St.  I'mil  mill 
I'm  siiih  iirciplid  hji  llic 


\\\  \\  I1..1.1  iM'i.'ii  1.1..I  V.  iir. 


h.-(r|t(l 

.lull.' 


l'|.!ll. 

'>'iiinl..'r 

ll    >killH 

a.-.-.  |iI.m1. 


St.  Imo'j.' 


I..'y  .11 
.In?'.' — 


Niin.lnr 
..r  skills 
ai-rr|.l.  .1 


.Niiiiiliir 

1  ..I'  hKiih 

a.',  i-i.t.'.! 

IV. .mil. .Ill 

iNlaii.i.-i. 


Ala-Ua  ('oniiiiii'.-ial  Coiniiai.v: 

1^711.'  ■-•• 

IH71  


Irt72  . 
IK73 
IC74  . 

1K75  . 

I.x7n 

IH77 
l^7rt  . 
1H79  . 
I8H0 
1881  . 
1KS'> 

|8M;t . 

1H84  . 
|8H.'i  . 
IH8I) 
I8H7  . 
lH8.-< 
I  Mr''.) 


Nixlli  Aiiiii'ican  Cooini.  r.ial  (.'..nipaiiv: 
tsiK) !. 


1 

'.'0   ,K.l 

4 

r.'.;;o4 

vi.  ;io',' 

1 

il.'>,  lull 

:i 

*-i,  .''lilt ' 

87.  Ofi2 

;i 

ii8,  o:i.% 

4 

I7,:i(l'j 

8;>.  :)II7 

:i 

»*,•<,  (1.18 

1 

8.  .'i,')! 

!iii,  orj 

1 

h:i.)-oii 

1 

III.  1100 

11:1.  800 

;i 

(I'.l.  :i(i7 

I 

III,  .1110 

70,  :i(i7 

1 

'if.  T.fi 

1 

I.".,  0(10 

7:1. 7;i'_' 

s 

78,  .-.7(1 

1.1 

1(1.  7o!i 

O.-..  •.'7'.i 

'1 

8(1,  .■.7'.' 

:i 

'JO,  r.(i!i 

''1(11.  Ill 

1 

hO.  Ii(l(l 

20. 11.10  ' 

1(10.(100 

li 

80.  IIIHI 

H 

•Jo,  000 

loo.  0.10 

*j 

8.1.  Will 

(I 

*J1I,  Olio 

loo.  000 

1 

(in,  iin 

4 

ii.r-'.i 

71  'SH 

:', 

.•^;i  (iH'j 

4 

11   I.VJ 

04.  ■J44 

:i 

70,4.11 

1 

l."i,0(io 

8,-,.4.M 

I 

7J,  i-.'o 

8 

i:i.:i;i.-. 

8.-.,  4.'..'. 

1 

77.  IIHll 

!l 

v:..\i--l 

110, 7io 

•» 

r:i,  .s(i8 

r. 

n.  I^7 

80.  our. 

1 

iiH,  48!; 

4 

10, 1:18 

7-1  0'j;i 

Ki.  8:i'i 


■-'II  045 


ll  N.i  r.Hiicil. 


1.  .Vie.  J. I. . I  I. Ill  II..'.  hliipi".!  Ml  1.1"  .x.'.ii':  l.iiiaii.-t' I'arii.'il  ..V.  r. 


..:,ASKA    INIM-STKIFS. 


249 


I.  —  aiilttiHiiil  of  Viilhililiix  iif  Ihr  .\uilli  .liinriritii  <  niiniieiciill  CiiiiipiUIII  In  tlif  liiithi':  iif 
SI.  I'liiil  hliiiiil,  iii'hr  llir  ilii-ixhni  (Dill  ''Jslrihiiliuii  nl  !S'i'  nlii>uill'i  tlif  tiiiioiiiil  iliiv 
I'licli  iii''if(hiiil  AiuiiihI  I. 


Xanin. 


AllKllllll. 


\;mic 


Aiiiii 11.  KiTfirlt 

AllisllMll.    AlM'llV 

liuifl'tkotHUy,  A{Mllifl|| 

r.iiliiii,  Kcri'irk   

li...;llil;lIMirl,  Nlriili     -  .  . 

Jluu-iii.  K;irp 

l!i  Ili;;Iii/i.iI,   I'llill 

Iiiiiin.ill   i;.-..!::! 

KiMti-i,  .liillll 

Ci II,  Ninili , 

{il.ilcl.  Jlll.h 

(;;il:il,lli 1.  Airy 

lllllMi(,r.  l';inl '., 

llM|>i>tl   .li.lin.r.^tnli'Kl' 

ll..ii-.n.  Aliv    

Kn/ci(.r,  Sl(  rtiin 

K'l-liiii,  Au^ic    

Ki-  'irlilllcl  .  .laroll , 

Ivri  M.IV.  N  i..|i 

Ki  iiKiiir.  >i;i\iiii   

Krnliip".  I'l  '(  J- 

I'l/Ilil/rilC.  .lulill 

Kii.-lii'i  iiikiill,  ICiiiiIh'Iiii 

K.'n.,  Iinii-n.dccim.    

Kdiili  hiili'ij..l<ihii 

Knoii-iiiilt'n.  I-!u)))ii-ini' 

Kll/llCPll.  I'.llll.fsl^ili'  111 

Kn/itit/nlt.  I't-]iiiii, r>t.iU) ntV 

Krilkol.  Nill;lli;l 

KH/iliitf,  I*  iraH<'o\'ia 

Ali-iinUit.  -V li'\ 

M.!c.\  i.|..|),   Antoiic 

Mfln\  iditii.  Sintt'ot) 

Mi'loviiiull.  Mrs,  .\ 

Ml  I'lMili,  lii.ialnv 

Manilicuan,    I  ,^toiii.i   

XIi-ii  iiliir.  .\  iMiiia 

Neil,  lii/i.ll,  Sl.-i>ali 

NnliMa/.ilt,  .\l,irlin 

()llsli;;(ilV,   I'l  h-r 

I'ilsIiImKiiH.  I'fli'r.c-^l.ilic.l. 

Vniknpt't'!".  Vla<ltiiH-i' 

rar„ii-.liin.  liaiiicl 

Tank. ill,  I'.iTliri 

I'»'|M.I  '.  .\  laiiahia 

MaiMliruan.  \<  nil 

M.'i.n  liluir.  .\1,\ 

r.ipall,  \n,|„i;,i 

K<Mika\  l^hllakilt).   /a c liar  .  .. 
ilt'/aii/,iitt',  Anna 


i-lHJ. 

:;7 

i:>': 

,",'1 

mil. 

III 

■Jii7. 

VI 

1.*-'' 

I'.l 

Ila. 

nil 

'.'•JO. 

4J 

'JJ'.I. 

It 

la". 

H.'i 

ii;:i 

it'J 

II.-. 

7., 

fiT 

11'. 

•Jl" 

IW. 

Ill 

ITf, 

■Jl 

Ix-J 

l.| 

in- 

7!) 

ici: 

r,' 

M 

hi: 

'■' 

IIS 

„  . 

ii;,-. 

1." 

Ilirj 

>,. 

";i.' 

';.. 

(Ill 

1 

.'.II 

"'1 

III 

iir. 

711 

71 

'j.i:; 

,--'■. 

101 

ra 

1.(1 

II . 

iss 

I'.l 

17.". 

III 

17  ' 

"1 

li." 

II. '> 

:i:il 

"'. 

IHil 

I!4 

l-.'i 

111 

1)11 

I'll 

\-.t 

r.i 

'J7I 

111 

'Jrt 

71 

1K,I 

III 

1'.".' 

oil 

•-'li'lHii  III.  'I'lriiiili.i  .slali-  III'  

Sli|irlllii,   ItnialilJ 

Siilifk     I  111  iiiliiri' 

Siiliili.,  \  a-ila 

Slial.i.liii,  Nil ., 

Sli-|ii-liiii,   Klaliy 

."<liii;y  i:;.iii,  .Mi'Iriil'iiii 

.SiiaiMliliiki.H.  Itrv.  I'alll      

Sai'..l,iai..li.lin 

.>.i|ia|.ailiiiik..ir.  .\;;al,iy 

.Stialiiilii,  Ti-aNi-r,  i-ntali.  nl' 

Sliai-tliiiik..!*.  \'al.iiaii   

.■^liai..|iiiiki.ll,  MaM..Ma         

Sliai,*hiiik.iir,  Ci'iiiyi' 

SIp.iiiI',  Callirr 

'raii'.ik.iiH.tl.  Krrrick 

Tflnr.  l'|.|i-r 

li-li.t.   N.iiii    

i'lti.l.  liiliiMiii 

Ti-i'i'iit  ira.  ,\  una 

\i.I:m.I1,  Markil, 

Vi.lUi.ll,  I'.Uiii 

\  I'l /I  man  II   .li.lili.  I'Hi.ll.'  i.l' 

/altar. lull.  Kiii'aka 

W  lilii",  s  i'lllnl 


.*'.'ri7.  Ka 

■i:i7.  •.".' 

I '.Ml.  (It 
11)0.  IJ 
1 1.'.,  fh 

I."..-.   M.-, 

1'.8  1:1 

;;o.  71 
r.i,  7.1 
1 1(1  11 

ir..j.  ii'j 
l.'i  1. 1(1 
l.'T.Oi) 

17.  lis 
I7!l, '11 
lit  J,  114 
|:i'J,  H.'i 

ii4.i;.4 

14.-i.(iU 

I  Vi.  :t7 

l.'iK,  OH 

2;ii.,  z\ 
<;ii,  nil 
1711  on 


■r..iai 

N'l.TK.-  I'l  inn  I  111'  Ni'illi  .Viiii'iii'nn 
( 'i.nitiii-iriat  ('..iiii.atiy  in  wiilowi*  rr- 
ri'Ui'Wii-Mv  raliiiiis,  mill  i.lhris  will 
liav'i'  til  !.(:  tiililril  si.ini, 

llfthk  ttn'niint  il.iiH  in;t  ,'  I'l-r  f'  nf. 


.Iiiliii  Knit  in 

J{i'\ .  I'alll  .-^liai.'ilinikiitr. 
1  'atlii'lilii'  Sli'il  \  ii;;aii    . 

.M.irk.'l  \  ..Ik.iir 

Kill  n  \  iilki.ll 

.\  vili.lia  Si'iliik 

I'.li/.il.illi  Siiliik 

/a.  i.arSiili.  k 

N'.ili-.ila.Sliii'iliniki.ll,., 
Ki  irirk  .\''laiiniiii.ll'. .. 
Keniik  li.ili  riii 


1:1.  :i7H.  UO 


ri.t.ii 


1 

4M 

:iii 

3 

iill 

71 

1.) 

Wl! 

M 

I'l  III 
Ml 

(III 
17 

<.i:i 
liil 

lil 

IS 

Hi.-. 

III.) 

J 

•Ml 

(I'.l 

- 

HH4 

:i:i 

11 

U4 

'J  J 

•JKI 

S4 

I.i.''l  1)/  'iifaiiiit"  liinii-ftriKl  t'l   I'll-    \iirlli    Aiiurnuiii  I'ommtrriiil   (oiiipaiiji  hi/  Ihf  .tlnxhii 
t'oiiimifiii)  I'niiijiniiii   h,i-  iiiilii-iH  ill'  SI.  I'liiil  hhiiiil.  May  ,21,  !.s':m>. 


Nam 


(U     'T*iiti""  "I "■ 

ilitiiiii 


I'otcr  K.'iiKiitl' .^lali  r  . 

Nil  nli  l'.riil..ill' ilii  . 

Ma\iii   Kiiiknl!' <lo  . 

I'Stali-  III'  I'riniit  Kii/.t>.-t/,iiii  (till'  iiiiniir  lii'ii'Hi   

Ai.";«i'  Kn-liiii Sraltir  . 

•  Inllll  ivi./lli'l  /nil' (Ill  . 

Natalia  I  riiknil' Wiilnw 

I'araHriivia  Kuzrri.ii' ilo  . 

Ni-on  Mainlrcj^aii , SraliT  . 

VllHill   Si  lIlllO <1(>    . 

^'^  sli'iiria  .MMnili't'tzan W'iilitw 

Aiilinin  .Mili'viilnll Hi'nliT  . 

Siincnn  Mill  \  i'liitl <li>  . 

Alt'x  "I'ioviiliitl' il<>  . 

Am •"       a  Ml n  nlill Wliliiw 

Alrxainli-r  Mill  iiliir Scnlir  . 

Aki».'..:ia  Kriiaraziill' Wiilnw 


.Vlininlll. 


♦  11I2.R''. 

«i.  (id 

iii.7;i 

07.  (l.'i 

;iL'.  17 
ri7.  no 

4:1,  5(1 

UO  :io 

IW.  (I.-) 
Hl,!HI 
17-.',  hi 
()lll,!l-J 
'."-';!,  7,1 
lilM.  IKI 
•.'II.  17 

•j:i.  •-•4 


250  ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 

J.isl  (if  (iiioiinlH  transjrrval  to  the  yorlh  .imprivan  Comiiirrcidl  (^nnipaiiji,  rte. — ContM. 


Niini. 


<  )i  ('npalittii  n 
iliiinn. 


Ahiiiiiii^. 


JI  ail  ill  Ni'iliirii/iill Siialt'r 

Kaiiiil  runini'liiu ilo 

Ilarlciia  I'oIhhikiH' Widow 

rail.iiia  I'atiknir Srali  r 

\'a**^ilisia  l'«*'>Iiiiiko!l' W'iilnw 

Alaiia»ia  I'lipipll' ilii 

A  Militia  I'liimll ilii 

/ailiai-  It.p.iknv  i>l,iiik(ill' . .  .• Scaler 

Anna  Ifizan/.nlV Wnlcnv 

A;;ar\  Sliaiiiwliiiikiill Minor 

'i'lit'ixloro  Srilick Soiiler 

^Mi'tnilaii  Sliutvu^in - . .  ilo 

lii'v.  I'aiil  Sliai'iOiiiikiill I'liisl  •. 

A).'raliiia  Slialiolin Widow 

Ncdii  Slialiolin Sralir 

Many  .Sli|u'tin do 

^lait'iia  St(']H*tin Widow 

Dora  lay  Sli-jii-liii SimiIit 

Vali^  iaii  Sliai~)iiiiko|l' Minor 

Mairciiia  Sliiii>^liiiikoll' do 

licoij;!'  Sliainllllikoll' do 

Catln-i  iiio  Sliaiii- Wiilow 

KiTriik 'I  arrakatiiill" Si-nli-r 

I'Vdosia  '111  oil' Willow 

IVter  r.loir Si  alir 

Xi'on  'I'lloir (Ill , 

Anna  TaraiiliA  a Widow  ... . 

Markid  Vcdkotl Scali  r 

ICHlalodolin  Vai/anianoi)',  Inld  lor  niini'r  Iwirs 

Mai  I  ha  San  ■kin Widow 

Mr-i.  Alrx.  .Ml  li'vidolf do 

Klli'H  Viilk'ill' rninarrii'd 

Ali\.  Mi-n  nlilV Si'ali  r  .     .. 

I'ldiisia  Ko.-iliro'iiikoir 

Kirrii  k  ArliinianoM Sralcr 

Arii'iirv  ArkaHlioll' do 

l'i>tiv(iiiHtri;oir do 

Krrrirk  lliilrrin do 

.\  I  lotion  r.nin-ilrnkor.'*ky do 

Niroli  ltii;.'<Mlaniir do 

Ellen  llela-la/oll W ido\,  .... 

(iiorp'  Ivmanoir Smler 

.loliii  I' rails 


ilO 


Kii'oli  I  Itniiioir do  .. 

Vladiiiiar  I'mkopiiir do  . . 

.Iiiiintil.doll do.. 

I'anl  llal.iTiiH' d<>  . . 

Ani^sia  lloiioU' Widow 

A  li'\.  Hansen Sealer  . . 

dolia  Kot'-liiiiileii do.. 

.laeiil)  Kiiii  hiHiten do  .. 

JCniilieiiie  U'lti'hiKiteii llo  . . 

I  ieor^o  Kotehoolen do.. 

Slepan  Knxeroit' do  . . 

Kewekia  /aeliaroll" Widow  . 

Kiiip  III:  lei  III Sealer  .. 

Sle|ian  .N  iilarazull do  . . 

Kiiplieinu  KoHlii\enkiiir ....do  ., 


"/(  itfu't-ittl  thj)u,-,ll  lit  t  I'l-i-  I'riit  i< 


I'  ilnnii ti' . 


Rprrick  Artaninnoir Sealer 

Kerriik  Itnleriii do , 

.lolin  I'raiii do 

Kev.  I'aiil  SlmUliiiikolf    I'riesl 

Calliei  ine  Sliiit\aKiii Widow 

Markil  Velki.ll'' Si-aler 

Mien  Volkoir : rnniariieil 

Avilotia  S.  ilii  k '  Minor 

Klir.alielll  Sediek ' ill) 

/aeliar  Sediek do 

Xedcudii  .SUuiiilinlkoll du 


$<;ii. 

Kj 

7". 

k:, 

H. 

ii\ 

7tl. 

Kr. 

7H. 

115 

7ii. 

nil 

TiM 

74 

Sll. 

8.-> 

12'* 

01) 

"11. 

70 

H7. 

«."• 

(I'J. 

•M 

I'-'M 

40 

110. 

1:1 

ti'.l 

2» 

ICi.-i 

Sfi 

'.'a'J 

xr> 

:t7i>  4« 

lli.-l 

oil 

llM 

lU 

ir,7 

111) 

47 

liH 

70 

H.") 

no  cift 

k;i 

H."« 

76 

•-".» 

l.''>ii.  nil 

TiO.  05 

•270 

2;t 

20.  74 

2'j:i 

115 

•jri 

00 

4:- 

74 

In 

II'.' 

77 

7<t 

(iH 

29 

fi.-i 

ll.'i 

1'2I 

O.'i 

X] 

M."i 

m 

411 

K.'i 

00 

VM 

05 

1:1.', 

55 

ir. 

85 

;iO'j 

52 

«'.' 

•JU 

T.'i 

05 

7.-1 

05 

lU 

40 

^7 

4!) 

7;i 

K5 

7:1 

05 

11:1 

K5 

77 

h5 

!i:i 

no 

n:i 

H5 

h:i 

8.'. 

Mi 

H5 

K.  «70.  7:1 


Tolal . 


ALASKA    INDUSTIUKS. 

DinlriUution  of  jirixirdi  l'r<iiii  fur  xeiilii  tal,iiii>ii  SI.  I'liiil  hlitiul,  IS'Jii, 


251 


Aii«UmI  1,  ISflO: 

Ifi.TT"  Hciil  skins,  nl  10  ciils .^^li.TldXI 

r>;i  hi'hI  (.kiii.t,  iMit.  at  ".'O  cciils 10.  Ol) 

I'll)  Hral  .skillet.  iT.ii  rt<'il (i'.'.  4(t 

4(1  Mi-alidii  Hkiiin.  at  !fl 40.(10 

IjChh  jirovisioim  at  Niirtimast  i'niiit  ....  40.  .'i(t 

Total  «,78:i.ao 

yirst  flttits. 

1.  Ucv.  I'aul  Slinislinikotr.  iirir.st }M.  I'.i 

2.  Aiiti.iic  Mrlcv  iddir,  lirsl  cliifl' l.'.H.  l!i 

It.  Karp  llotcrin,  Rt*ciMni  cltirf l.'i.^.  10 

4.  •lii('i)t)  Koarhdtcii {.'p.*".  10 

5.  <ii'(>r;i(i  K(H>cInit('ii IJH.  10 

6.  TImmi.  Siiliik l.'iS.  Ill 

7.  Aiiiiii)  ('iiMliiiiK ir)>(.  10 

8.  Maiiiii  Nclara/.oir l.V.  19 

9.  Sti'paii  Kozciiill' I.W.  HI 

1(1.  X(Miii  Maialrcgaii l.')H.  Ill 

II.  I'.'Icr  Kiiiki.lF.. I.OS.l!) 

l:'.  Nicnli  Kriikoir I.'8.  10 

13.  Ki'iTirkTariakaiiiill !".•<. I'.i 

14.  naiii.'l  raiaiisrhin l.'iH.  10 

1.'').  .\iH.ll(,ii  I!m  .liikollsky l.-H.  10 

III.  Zailiar  liii'ikaiislinikiilV l.'iH.  10 

17.  Kiiplitiiiii' Udshrniikiiir. l.'iH.  lU 

IK.  St«paii  X.ilaia/.dir t.W.  10 

10.  I'artiri  rmikdll' l.'iS.  10 

20.  Nic'oli(;rdiMdtl' l.'iH.  10 

'Jl.  Klnrc.v  Sti'pi'tiMMi l.'iH.  10 

•Si.  I'.t.r'r.ldlV l.V.  10 

23.  I'clcf  OiiHligdtf KiS.li) 

'I'dtal  3.0M8.a7 

Sreoiitl  riaat. 

1.  Siiiicdii  Mrloviiloir U'J.  :I7 

2.  (M'dr;:c  I''inciid(V I  t'J.  1(7 

;i.  Mjirkcl  \'d:k<)ll' I42.;i7 

4.  Kririi  k  Ai'tiindiidH' 142.  :'.7 

r>.  Kcrrick  Uiilt'iiii 142.37 

«.  Vasili  S.'iliilf 142.  :i7 

7.  l-'dphi'ini-  Kddi'btitcii   112.  :t7 

«.  Jdliii  I'lalU 142.  :i7 

Total  l,iaK.«6 


riihil  rla.^s. 


1.  Mitnilan  Sliiilydnan  . 

2.  .\ri*fni'V  .VrkitHhdir. .. 

;i.  .idiiiiciididir 

4.  .N'ccdii  ,Sli;ilidlin 

.').  .\I«*\  ilansiMi 

«.  N Tclol 


Tdlal. 


Ffttr/fi  rliisM. 


1.  Dcd'nlay  .*^tcp('(t'Oii. . .. 

2.  .Inhii  Kddtrliiitt'ii 

;i.  Nir.ili  l!,i-(>ii.iiidir  . ... 

t.  NlailitiMT  rrokdpecll' 

r..  I'aiil  llaiiiTdll' 


Tdtal. 


/'(///.   l-lllKH. 


1.  Maxim  Knikoll. . . 

2.  All  X  (idlakldiidtr. 
;i.  Ali\  McUviddir.. 


Idlal 


Sixlll  illlKt. 


1.  Al.'xMirciilill   .. 

2.  .lolin  K(uiiit/.uir. 


Tdtal. 


SiH'flitt  rltlfi.s. 

Alildiio  ^f^loviilnir.  firMt  cliii't'.. 
Karp  I'>iit«-riii.  stTdiHl  I  lii<-l'  ..   . 

Mrs.  Trrri-iili  Stcpi- It-en 

Mrs.  ri-tci-  I'i'i'shnikdtl' 

Mrs.  tlohn  lldpdir 


Tdtal. 


.■l!i2ii..';ii 

12(1,  .W 
I2(i.  .'•(! 

120.  ri(i 

12«..'.(1 

I2n  M 
7.'io.  ;io 


iiii.' 
11(1.; 
iM.; 
110.; 
ii((.; 


•>;i.  (15 


U4.92 
!M.D2 
0I.02 

2H4.  70 


70.  in 
711.  10 


IJC.  20 


.'•.n.  00 

.'■O.  (10 

,'po.  CO 
rai  00 

.''Kl.  (H) 
2.'iU.  00 


Tiihli-  ihiiirhiii  ilislrihuliiiii  of  turninijx  mi  >/.  /'km/  lnUiiitl  for  tiiLiii;)  fur  Hcitlti  in  /^Mt. 


a 

4 

a 

4 

r. 

."i 

n 

0 

7 

1 

R 

K 

e 

g 

10 

10 

11 

11 

12 

12 

i:i 

i:i 

u 

u 

IR 

!r> 

in 

1)1 

17 

17 

IH 

in 

in 

10 

20 

20 

21 

21 

22 

22 

•i:\ 

2:1 

34 

24 

26 

2.-. 

20  i  20 


h'lrrt  eliUf.. 

1  ill  I  Clin,  K.inv  sprdml  cliicf |fi27. 

Kdteliddii-n,  ,lai-i)l) 027. 

Kcitil ti-n.  I Uintic 027. 

Srdick     1  Id-dildri- 027. 

Slcpi'luii',  'i'l  rn-ntiM 027. 

Vial  kill,  Vnrlainpv H;'7. 

ICdsliin.  .\u^ii' - 027. 

Nfiii'razdtt.  Martini- 027. 

Mc'lnviiidll,  .Xnldiii',  lirsl  ilili'l' 027. 

Kd/ir.iir,  I'ani 027 

Kd/crdlV,  ,Sti,paii 027. 

Miiiiilri;4in.  N(  dd 027. 

Kiiikdil'.  i'.tir Ii27. 

KriikuU.  Nicdli 11^7 

Tarakaiidir.  KirricK 027. 

I'acanrliMi.  I  laiiifl    027 

llddiilirkiilsky.  .\|idlldii 0;7. 

Uddkavt'sliinkdl),  /.irhar  0:'7. 

Kdsjiinikdir,   Knplii  niK 027. 

Niilnra/.dll    Stcpmi ('i27. 

Kiills.  .Inlin 027. 

Pan  kdli;  I  'a  rli  ri 1127. 

.Strpii in.  I'lliirv 0.'7. 

Mildv  iildii,  Siiiii'dn (1J7. 

TildO.  I'cirr (■i:^. 

(iroiiiiill,  N lioli 027. 


2r>2  AF-ASKA    IXDI'STRIKS. 

I'dlih  uliiiwiiiii  (Ihlrihiilidii  of  i ((nil II 'in  mi  SI.  I'aiil  IkIiiiiiI,  etc. — < '(iiitinucd. 


yll 

;i 

:<ii 

1 

ill 

:i:i 

; 

:il 

M 

ii.i  , 

ill 

'17 

1 

IIS 

:i() 

:i 

411 

4 

■11 

I'l 

4.1 

1 

44 

" 

4r. 

:t 

4li 

4 

47 

1 

4H 

'J 

4'J 

:i 

fill 

1 

;>! 

J 

V,, IK, 111',  Nt.ivlicI  .... 
.\rtiiiiiiiiio1)'.  Krrii'lx 
lliiti'i'iii.  Ki'i'ii'k    . .. 


S('rr)t(t  c(a.iii. 


I'l 


>lini 


lluliiMiiH.  IVnil 

Sjiliil...   V.'Msiliy 

Kntrliniitrli.  l')ll]i)u'llli 

lliipiitr.  .Iiillll 

IOln;llinl),  (ti'oriri'  .  .  .  . 
()iir.lii;oir.  I'.'.er 


slmt\nsin.  ^^l•^r"|■an. 
ArkiisiinH.  .Xi'.MHrv  . . . 
(ilnliill.  .Iiiliii .' 

SIl;ilio)ili,  Xri-(Hi 

Ilaiissfii.  .Mfxaiiili'i"  . 

rciiiir.  Xcnii 


Sl0]Hlin.  llornliiv.. 
Kilt.  ImuiIiii.  .luliii. . 
Unjiiliniitt  Niriili. .. 
I'mUDjiii'ir,  Vlailiiiii' 


Knikiiir,  Miixim 

iliilikiniill.  AlvMiiiiliT. 
Ml  lovi.liiil  Ali\iiiiilii-. 


Sli;li-.|llli];nii,  A  liXfinilcl'. 

MiTiiillill.   .\li\:iiiilir... 
Kuziiilziiir,  .Tiilin 


Sli;iislinlknir,  Paul,  iiric.t.. 

Twii  rliii  Is,  111-  li  ,*lllll 

K-Llti'  111  C,  Sll.-lliiilili 

Kslair  111'  A,  <i;ilkiii 

Widiiws  I'liiiil 


ri<inl  rlanx. 


r;i;ll(  .■Mv». 


I  illl,   (UilC 


Sixth  I 


Sl>rrif(l  rl'is.t. 


.flfl.') 

nr> 

rmr. 

(1,-) 

ner) 

(i.''i 

r.ii,^ 

0,"i 

r.ii.'. 

ICi 

.'•.(i.^i 

O.'i 

nii.-i 

0,'> 

Dli,-i 

0,'i 

Bll.-. 

Ofi 

ri(ir> 

0.'> 

.'•.112 

2(1 

.'■i'l2 

2'.' 

51 1'.' 

2!l 

r>'i2 

•>i, 

Mr.' 

2!) 

Tiii^ 

2!l 

4:11) 

4(1 

4.l!l,4!t 

4:19 

40 

4:iu,  4'.i 

:i7*» 

T'l 

:!7i» 

7'l 

,171! 

7:1 

2,'i  1 

17 

■s<\ 

17 

•-■'.1 

17 

1,0011 

00 

■Jim 

III! 

■J.'iO 

110 

•J.'iO 

00 

'J,  (Mill 

00 

Till  »1 ;i2,  :i:iu.  uo 


UKCAl'i  1  ri.ATIiiN, 

s:i,724  sial  ileitis  nt  40  niitH .$:«, 4K!). firt 

1,270  »i:il  .-.KiliH,  iill.  ;\l  211  riMlts 2."iri.  20 

2.-1  -ra  linn  ,skiiis.  at  00  ri'iils l,'i. 00 


l.rss.  fur  iinivisiniis  III  NiiriliiaMi  I'liini . 
I'lliil  tn  SI.  Hi'iirm'  llll'll 


IM2H.K1I 
l.;ioo,  00 


,  7,V.I.  M 


l.4J!l.  HO 


'I'lilal 


:)2,  :i:tii.(io 


'I'liiHr  ill  Illl'  111-*!  rln.si  sliiiiilcl  liavi'  11  ri'ivi'il  if:.':i4.  l.aviri;;  111  llirii'  rmlil 1 17 1,  ml 

■riiiisi'iii  111"  siMiiiiil  ila^s  .-UiiiiiM  liavr  icii-ivi'ii  -"jn,-,  \v,i\  iiiy  1.1  I  liiir  iimlil I."i2.  oil 

'I'liiiHi'  ill  till'  I  hi  111  {■\:\!ii  slicHiM  liavi'  rn-i'ivi'fl  $1K2,  li-,i\  iiii;  tn  tlii'ir  1  rnlil . .     i:i,l,  00 

'I'hiisc  ill  I  111'  li  111  nil  I'la.i'  Hliiiiilil  ha  VI'  roiiivnl  .$l,Vi,  h  aviiiL'  In  llitir  cnilil 1 14,00 

'I'hiisi'  ill  till'  lll'lli  rIa-H  ■.hull  111  liavi-  I'pri'ivi'il  iITi:!,  li'a\  iiii;  In  Ihiir  iri'ilii i:i2,  00 

TIiiiM'  in  till'  si'\oiilii  rluss  hIhiuIiI  liavr  I'crcivcil  li'lol,  liaviii;;  tn  tln'ii-  rnilit    111!,  On 

It' Ihf  <l^^lltnl)atl.^  iii^^  iiistriirtioiiM  01'  tin'  'rrcaHorv  a;:(>iil  ill  <  hai';;(i  liail  Ium'Ii  rmiiplii'il  \\itli,  tlin 
iialivt',11  wniilil  iiavc  lit'Cii  ill  rii'i'iiiimliiiirt's  iiianciiilly  tn  iini't  tlicir  iinrni'liiiiatr  hut  mil  uiir\prcttMl 
(■uiiililiiili.  at  is  (Irai'l.v  xlinwii  liv  lliv  auiiuiiil  >  uliii  li  ,s|iiiiilil  have  liuili  tn  llicir  I'l'filil 


Itl!. 


A(  I  01  M    CriiUKNI 


(li. 


,].--'l'lie  Xiirlh    hiiriicdii   ('iiiiimcniiil  ('iiiiipdiiii  hi  iucokhI  irilli   the  I  iiilal  .'<lalix  iit  SI. 

I'aiil  hliiiid.  Aldnhii. 

U'.IO, 

May  24,  'In  nil  fiiml  liaiiirrin  il  li>   .Ma^Ua  I 'niiiiuci'i  iai  I 'niupaiiy 'fl24.S7 

May  2).  Tn  iialivi  s'  ^cni'ial  111  ml    l.'-2,  .Vi 


1)1! 


Ar<  iiINi'  CfiiUKN  1 . 


Cu. 


\\. —  Tin    .\iirlli  .liid  ricKii    I  oiiinx  nidi   I'miiitnini  in  dudiint  iiilli    llic  riiitcd  Mdlti  al  SI. 

liidViJc  lnldii(l,  .thixltd, 
1,»',iii, 
Ma.\  24.  Tn  iiaivi  s  (;i  iioial  liiiul iiUllt,  12 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIK8. 


L. — I'ciimit  of  SI.  I'diil  lalund,  Alaska,  Jiihi  .:i,  is:"). 


NlllUK. 


A rtiunoiiolV,  Kcrrick 

Ai'tiiiiiiiijiil)'.  Ali'xandrn,  wMV 

ArliinioiKitr,  Anxfiiht.  (laii^iitiT. . 

1\  iiiiiiir,  Kvdiilua.  visitor 

Aika'^liijll'.  Arsfiiy 

ArkasliDll',  I''.ii|ilji'iiiia,  wit'o 

AiLstix"!',  I'l  tcr 

Aii.'(lc;;(pir,  I'aiH.ii'ovia.  wilV 

AiiKlr(;()ll'.  Sl('|jaiii(l:i,  inulhtM' 

I VII mill.  Aiiaslasiii.  iiiri  I' 

Shai>Iiiiikotl.  linn-;;!',  ailnjiti-d    .. 

llii;;(lan<iir,   Niri.li 

Ito^dalioir.  I-'t  \iiliia,  w  llf 

Iii>;;ilali(ill,  Zarliar,  .'-..ii 

ItiiiinliilMir^ky.  A  PI  III  Mill 

I'iiiiii'itulsiil'sk y,  ('liiniiia.  v\  ill' 

rHiiinliiknlMky,  I'lli  r,  kiiii 

r>iinntiil%i'rsk\',  niili'ta,  ilaiifiliti-r. 
l.iMlnsMiiK.iir;  lCMliikia.ailii|ili'il  . 

liutai  in.  Kar|i 

I'll  it. Ill  n,  l'aia?^i-*i\  la,  will' 

I'lilariii.  ( 'iiiotantiiir,  MID 

I'liilariri,  I  \  an.  snii 

.Mi/i  rkiii.  Mar\ .  adiijiltil 

i  tula  rill,  ivt'irii  k 

Mil  I  III  ill.  I  allii'iiiir.  (hiii^lili  1' 

KiiiancilV,  (icnr:;!- 

l-liiiaiititr,  Anna,  III  III  III  r 

Kii/nilz"!!'  .Iiiliii.  ni;,lif« 

ivii/.iit'l/iill'.  A;:alta.  iiiiH-i» 

KialiH.  .Iiiliii    

I''l'ali.-i.  Aknulriia.  \.ilr   

I-'r.ili.s.  Sii>alilla    tl  lllLllitci' 

!-"ratiM.  .Inlin.  sun  

(iliilull.  .Ii.llll 

i.liilnir.  .Marv.  iiiiitin  r 

Ciiiniiill.  Nil  nil 

(iron II lit.  Oiilraiiiia.  \v  ill- 

Si'ilirk.  I'Ui/.aliclli.  ail  ijilnl   

Ilaliin.ll-.  I'ar.l 

Kotrliiiiilin.  Knplii'iiie 

Kdli  I liii    I'lliiKia.  .vil'i' 

lliiyilaiiiill,  Mary,  aildpliil 

Kill  el I  ill.  (linryr 

Kiilrliiiiilin.  Maria,  wile 

Knlrlliiiilill,  Ti  trr,  HUM 

KiilrlliMilill.     1  II -pull,  .sun 

Kiiti'liiiiil  in.  Mat  I'l  Ilia,  ilaii^liUM  . 


Aci-. 
Mall-.        Ti  mail'. 


riari'i.r  l.irlli. 


'.) 


St.  I'mil  Islanil  — 

:U)     SI.  Mirh.ailH 

•-'4  SI.  I'aiil  l.'.laiHl.... 

1«     St.  .Miiiiai-ls 

SI.  PaiilKlaiiil... 

30    ilo 

St.  (fl-lll-MC    iHlflllll   . 

•.':i      St.  I'aiillslaiiil,    . 

.■|(i     St.  cinir;;!-  Islainl. 

Ill     St.  I'aiillslaiiil.... 

(Ill 

St.  Ii(iii;;i'  Island  . 

:;i      St   I'aiill.-land.... 

ilii  

I'nalaska 

:il      SI    I'aiillslaiiil   ... 

di. 

7    ....  ili> 

I.'.      Inala.-Ka 

Si.  I'atil  Isiaiid. . . . 

;ai      I'nalaska 

...      SI.  I'aiil  Inland 

do 

l.S    do 

ill. 

l.S    do 

do 

M     I'lialaRka 

I'    St.  I'aiillsl.ind.... 

lU'    do 

■|ii    I. adi-oiio  Islands  .. 

;;.i      liiala.k.i 

l:!     SI.  I'aiil  1-land 

:.    do 

:;i   do 

Ii:!  I  I'nalaska 

Jl    ...   Allim 

H:;  ,  SI.  I'aiil  Island.    .. 


:;.s 


i:i 


.'I 


111 


■n 
i-.' 


K.adiak 

Si.  I'aiil  Island 

41      riiaIa>Ua 

17     St.iii  iiiyii  Island 
SI.  I'aiil  ImI.iiiiI 

'JU  ,   t'liaiasiwl 

SI.  I'aiil  I.«laiid 

do 

■t    do 


Kiilil tin.  .daiiulilir Inriiil do 

Kiilrlioiilin.  .lanili 10    do 

Kiilrlinnl  in.  l-'i'\  Ionia,  w  I I'r :t7      I'liiia 

Kiili  1 till,  iiiiliia  diiiiuhliT 17      Si.  I'aiil  Island 

Kotrlii  olin,  1  Urn.  ilaii;;lili  r 7    do 

Kiilrliiii:!  III.  Till  iidoi'i'.  ~i>ii :i      do 

Koli  liiiiilin. .  hi'ii liilaul.  do 

Lmlo-linik. 11,  .Natalia,  iidnpliil II      I'liya 

Ku-liiviiiKiill.  Kiiplii'inr :■',    Sl.iii'iiiLii'  Isl.ind 

Ki.-lu'\  inknlV,    \  vdolia,  wilr  Ill      SI.  I';iiil  Inland 

Kiislirviiikol)'.  I 'a  111,  son t     do 

Kiiziiiitl,  slipaii :i  I      I'nala.ski 

KiiziTiilV,  .\iiasliisia,  u  III' 

Kii/i  inir,  'rr.'pun.son i 

Ki'/.iTiill,  Vi'vnalv,  ilaii;:lilrr 

No/ikiill,  .siinioii.  sli'psiin 

Kiiikiili,  l.tiki'ija.  ailo|iti-d 

Kniki.n,  I'l  tir 

Kriikiill'.  .\niia.  will" 

Kiul.iilt.  Niioli 

I\i  iikiill.  Callnrilii',  will' 

Knik'ill,  Mt'tiolaii,  Hull 

Kl■lll^^lll.  lliisli-ana,  daii;;liti  r 

KriikiiH.  .Ma.\liii 

Kriiki'll,  Kiiiilrsla.  «  ll'r 

Kriikiill,  .lidiii.  sun II 

r'  I  iikiill  linl'.inl  I.  sou Inl'anl 

'.\ii>liiii,  .\.::ii' ;'■"/ 

Kllsllili,  Mar>  ,  w  ilr 

Kiisliin,  t.iiki'i-|ii,  itaii|:liti>r 

Kiisliiii,  Miiliarl.  smi   7 

Sliapiisliiukoir,  Taliaiia,  iiiloplid 


;i',l    . . . 

ii'    .. 

rt  ■... 


ii 


■III    ....   do 

....    St.  I'aiil   Island      . 

;i    do 

. . .      I  nalaska 

Hi    do 

.    .      Sitka 

;;.">     SI.  I'aiil  Island      . 
\l  si'a  mar  Si  I  ka 

111      Atka    

SI.  I'aiil  Isluiid   .. 

J do 

Sitka 

JU     SI.  r.iiit  Island     . 

d'l 

do 

Kiii'lli'  I-laiiils   . 

:iil     SI.  Iii'i'ii:i<  iHland. 

II      St.  I'aiil   Island.    . 
St.  (iiiii_i   Island. 

17      I'lialask.i 


I'ns 


'  'i  riipatinn. 


^M•al^•|■. 


Ho. 


Hi.. 
I  I". 


1)11. 


Ho 

1 1... 


III., 


Ho. 


254 


ALASKA    INDU.STRIKS. 


\..  —  )i'tiiiii^iif  HI,  I'liiil  hUiiiil,  .llanl.a,  .hilij.il.  isno — Cnntinuitil. 


Hmitf, 


Ag<'. 

Malr.       Vi'iiwlc. 


riui c  ul  liiitli. 


M II  ml  I  <  Mil.  Ni'ori ,,,, 

.MhiiiIii'iiii.  M:t\tH,  »tU-,,,.,, ,,,,. 

MiiiMlMan.  Mury,  «l  iimf«f4-r  

.Miiiiiln  111.  /ms^  'ii'tltiif" 

Sfllli  Iv.   .\  \ili/li.<.  ttil*'t , 

.•^i  iIm  K.  /..«  Ii.ir.  iw(()i»  w, ,,,.,,... . 
M.  IciMiliiil.  Aiil-/««.  ,,,    ,,.,...,, 

Ml-|inlili,ll,   .\;:l.i(iH,<    »)(" 

M<lc)\  iili.lt.  ,i)«n,jii.i(x.  4tiHinhUr. 

.Ml  Liviiliili.  I  Hkhh,  ituu/htt^ , 

.Ml  liiMiloll    Mai  \ .  it  iiiitMnf     .... 
Milniih.ll.  .\\i\a:,iti.i   ((««((.  r... 

Ml  lii\  iili.lt     .\\i\-4tuifl    hfrlllfT    .. 
Sll;ii-liliil>..l'.  M.i<"/((,1  lll<)<>|>f>'>l .  .  . 

Niilc  r.i/i.ll    il  .11 1  III 

.\iililil/i.ll.  .o|<  |i;lll ..,,,,.,., 

.\<ilini/.iilt.  .%!••• -.initio,  wUk 

Nciliia/i.H.  Mai'y  uui*  ,, 

NcililM/.iitt.  l'l;kllfl\  .»M)il,c» 

N<  ilii^i/.iill   IhiiiuiiUmt.  li'-phi*  .. 

rilllKnll.  I'l.lllir  HI  

raiilvi.ll.  <li;;a.  v>i«« , 

I\.iikoii,  S',il..ii'  vm     , , 

Id  ':ill/c.ll    N.ii;i|i;<   IlilftlM'r'tll  l»l» . 

raiiiiu  llill.  lUllii  I  ■        ,,. 

I'iiiaiii  liiii    .MijiiiiilM   «tifn   

I'|iil>ii|.i.  ll    \  lji)<»i,:» , 

ItlH.lil.S  l-llllilM.lt,    '/.M\Mf  . 


Ifiii.kiiv  i.>liiiil><>M    tiitMix,  ttlf'i 
J^ii.kin  i.'<liiiil.*.fl.  Wi  \i 


I  t>»ll    Kll 

IlonUiivjnhiiilii.ll    ('«(«*  ii,),i,  (l4iiullt«r. 

Siilii  k. 'l'li<'.«l..ii-  

.•^iilii  U.  M.iilliii,  DiJ.  , 

Si  ilii  U    ,\iiii.i   il:ii( ,'))«»'('     

Snlii  k.  .Xll.lnUrU   itill'^tlltrr 

Siiiirk.  Will  y   •UiusfUti^t         

S'llii  li,  liinoLi-iiiti ,  Mill     

.Silii  k.  Viii-iiiii;i,if  jiiittifrr 

Snii.  k    rilllllji  l»»-/<(«-«»  , . , 

.sliainliiiikofl   )!<  \    I'mii   


;:i    .SI.  <;oor;;o  Irtlaiiil. 

•JK     Atliiii  

7      St.  I'aiil  Isliiiitl... 

,1    ilii 

lU    till 

11    ilii 

;ni    Kiiiliak 

Ill      Atka 

Ill     St.  I'liul  Ulaiiil... 

(!  ' (Ill 

1    .Ill 

.'ill     Calil'iiriiiit 

17    SI.  I'mil  Irtlanil... 

7    ill. 

! ill. 


;i7 


li 
I 

1111 


M 


U 


i:i 


L'll      Attuii 

lU     St.  i'liul  iHlaiiil... 

........  ill. 

ill. 

ill.  

•^i)      St.  (iL>iil';;i.  iHlallil. 
SI.  I'aiil  l^liiiiil.    . 

57     St.  (li^iiis:ii  I»lanil 
...      .St.  I'aiil   I..1I11111I... 

M     I'liala.^ka 

Atli.il 

St.  I'aiil  l.<liiuil... 

■M     I'liakwkii 

I  St.  Paul  iHlaiiil... 

•-•    ill. 

ill. 

1)7  I  Uimlnsku 

•2\  I  St.  I'aiil  Lslaiiil    .. 

17    ill. 

.-.    ill. 

ill.  

3    ill. 

....1...  ilo 

....' ill. 


.s|iai»liiiikiill.  Nii.<i*wt;i,  tiifff  ,. 

.Sliai..-liiiik>ilt    V.<|ii-il««i   iMjilif'tr   

Slialmlill,  -Nin -HI. .        ,,, ; 

Sliali.iliii,  Oiili  l«.  wjfr-   ., 

Slialiiiliii.  Atfr4l'».i  ilnnttlitfr 

Sjialiiijlli    .\ )ilM'lt/4  IlilAllff . 

.s|iiit,\a;:Jii,  < 'iill.«#ilii    ,.   

Slllll.\a;{lli,  Uiil'llMl.    , , 

Slllll>a;;ill.  '<il)».|i>    i*\ttl  , 

.Sliiit,\u;:-I).  I'.ii4»iii'<  f;#«  A)«l^r  ,. 

.Sl'llllll-.   V  ilM  1 1 

Si'illlli     I'.li/.aU'tll,  Wiff    , 

S'lliili'.  Vi  IK  ilai(^l(|*-f    , '. 

Sliiulili,  Klaiy ..   

Slijii  liii.  Ai  ii.i,  Wll«< 

Sl.j.i  liu.  <»iili^<l»w,  AhiinSiXmi 

Krai  i^   I. Ill  II   nil  I*     , 

Sli-j"  liii.  )»i/ii<(ax,,,   ,,     

SKJii'iiu   .SmI'iHk  <»»/t(wr 

'r.nakaiKitl.  K'  kk  k      

'I'arakaiiDll,  Slum,  »ilf  

'I'l'liill    luiia*       ,,,, ,,... 

T.  I'l".  I'.l.r 

Tfl'.ll,  Man     wile 

'riMi.ii.  /ailiai,  liiiith'f 

Ti'IlII    AliHiiii'li.1   ft»lft 

lilil.iill.  (  liii.iiiu   iiuittiit  in  low 

till  IhiII.   \  a.-»l«    rt»t>-f  in  IkW  .  .    

\iilk.ill    Mmk.)  

\i.lkiilt    AliKKiiilrj,  Mifn 

\  iilk.<ii   i.ilaiil  l«/y  ,,,,,,,.,,.., Iiilniit 


12 


;iii 


4'.l 


'« 


21 


,'»    


12 


47 


,\ rkaolixt).  M«') Im    ,,....,,,..,.. 

\'lll/llli  lliif    .\lti*liis4.  Iiiiri 

NalziiiiiM.il.   I  K>«l.<   'hSit  id  law 

Ilalak-liiii.  M-mmn 

I'.al.ikDJiili.  AllMtM.M^rn  ,. 


Ill     ITiinlaHkn 

14  '■  St.  I'aiil  Inlaiiil. 
*J."i    lilt 

12    ilo 

13  I ilo 


(k'i:tl|iatiull. 


Sealnr. 


III,. 


111.. 
111.. 


14      I'liala.ka 

...    SI.  Paul  IhIiiihI 

ill) 

•22    ill. 

:i    ...     ill. 

.'.U      I'lialaMka 

II     SI.  I'liul   ImIiiiiiI 

ill.    

24     SI.  liiiu.ii'  \Aiw\ 

II      SI.  Pailllslaliil    

...     Kailiak 

r<\      Ciial.Mka 

II  St.  I'aiil   Islaiiil 

ilii  

21      riialiiKka 

;i      St.  I'anI   l.»lallil 

7    ...     ill. 

.. .    .Si.  I'aul  Inlaiiil 

60    ill. 

111. 

34  i  Sllka 

SI.  I'aul  IhIiiiuI 

....I ill.  ..   

III  i  Sl.li K''   I'llailil 

St.  I'aul  Ihlaiiil 

14  ' ill. 

.'■I   I  St.  (ii'iirgi.  I.slallll 

IH    ill. 

\tka 

3ii      Diialaaka 

St.  Paul  iHlaud 


1)11. 


11... 
1)1.. 


1)1.. 


I'lirsl,     (Jiiik 
nilinli. 


.Siai.r. 


|)i>. 
1)11. 
111. 

I'll. 

1.11 

1)11. 
I).. 

I)i>. 


ALASKA    INUUSTKIE8.  255 

li.  —  ('riiniiH  of  Nt.  I'lint  hlaiul,  .tlii-ihn,  Jiilij  -U,  IS.'K) — Cniit  iiiiied. 


Aur. 


Niiini' 


M:il(' 


Irfliall' 


ria. 


i>r  IhMIi. 


ril|>!ltli>ll. 


SliiipriHliiiikiiir,  I'ariiHrciviii.  ailiiplcil 

ll<l«la/,"ir,  Kllin 

'raiMkaiiiiir,  .Mary,  ailopti'il 
Kniknfl,  Natiilia' 
Knikiiir. 'Iiihti,  H<iii 

lliiliiif).  AiiixHia 

lldiioM.  Ni'kita.  koii 
Kii/i'i'oll'  Avilcill 
Kii/liiir.  I'aniHi'ovia 
Ko/Jtill'.  KiMHlotia,  ilait;{lit« 
Kii/.liilV,  Mirliarl.  Hoii 
Ko/liitr,  Niriili,  Mill 
Sfi'i'liri'iiikiill'.  ( )lmi.  HiHUir 
Miindri-^iii.  \'i'HtiHiia 
kiMikiiviNliiiikcM'.  Anna,  iiildpltit 
SliTi'iilii'l)'.  AiiM'iiia 
M(^l<  lllil'l).  AlrsalllliT.  Hull 
MtTi  nlicM.  Mai'liii,  hum 
MiTi'iilii'ir.  Klli'ii.ilaii;:lil 

.Mcniilioll'.  I.iilMiir, ilaii;;lili'r 

Aliri  iilirll,  iiilaiit  Hull Inruiit 

Ncili  raziilV.  Akciiitriia 

Niilira/.iill',  Acmlciia 

Nrilrra/.iit).  iiil'aiit  Hon  of  A^irat'i'iin... 
rnhniiKiM'.  Itarbra 

I'ollllllKllV,  SallllMI'.  l|:MI;:lltl'I' 

Mirriilli'll. •Inliii.  ailo|i(iMl R 

I'linliiiikoli.  \  aKsilr>ia 

I'i>IM>ll',  Anlolia 

I'ciJhiII.  Kvi'iisiiiia.  ilanulitir 
llalakHliiii.  Aiiiia.ilaiii;lilri 

rnipiill',  Avaiiasia 

Sliiilvacin,  Hai  la,  ailiiptid 

lii'/.i'ii/a.  Aiiiia 

lialakli'oihill'.  (JIaiiilia 

Stilick,  Haiift 

K<>l('lio(iliii..l(ilin,s<iii L'l 

Koli  lioiiliii,  Zi  iKivia.ilaiiuhlir 
Kiili  hiiiilin,  Klli'ii,  <laii,L'liliT 

Soniki'ii.  Martini 

Sliaiii'.Catlii'riiiii 

Shane.  Mary,  ilaii^lili 

MiaiH'.  Kfokla,  Hit'pilaiiuliler 

SliaiH'.  PaniHi'iivIa  IVdklaM  ilaii^lili:r 

Sliaiir,  KlrviTV.  Ki'iikla  •<  Hull ;; 

Irtiill'.  I'l'ilnHJa 

'rtlnlV.  IrriH',  daiii:Iili-r 

Tctcpir,  Solia.  ilaiicliti'i- 

Tiliitr.  AiiM'Iiia.ilaiiKlitfr* 

Koli'lii  r);iii.A\ilfilia 

Tiri'iiliiva,  Anna 

Tiri'iiliiva.  Anna,  daiijililrr  

Vnlkotl.  Kllcn 

K>iNliin.  Miivra,  nirro 

/ai  liariiir.  KiMiin  ka 

/ai'hanitr,  Kiiianiii  I.  huh II 

X.ai  liariiir,  I'Vinlnnia,  ilaiiiiliKr 


SI.  I'anI  I.slaiiil. 

ilo. 

ilo  . 

<lo. 

ilo. 
riialtiMka  . 
St.  I'aiillalaiKl. 
St.  Iff(iri;ii  l.slanil  . 
I'lialaHka . 
SI.  raiillMlanil 

ilo. 

.lo. 

ilo  . 

<l(>  . 

il.i 

(III 

<li> 

(l<i 

■  III 

ilo  . 
ilo  . 
(lo 
.ilu 
(lo. 
ilo. 
<lo 
ilo 
(lo 

Attn 

St.  I'liiil  Island. 

do 

do 

do  . 
KoHko(|iilln(' 

rnalaHka 

...   do 

St.  I'aiil  l.sland. 

lo 

111 
rnaliiska  . 
Sllkii. 
St.iii'oruo  iHlaiid  .. 

....do 

..do 

St.  I'aiil  Inland 

Kiii'ilo  I'laiids 

St.  l'aiill>laii(l 

do 


Scaler. 


I)o. 


17 

7J 


II 

4." 


....  do 

....  do 

...     do 

do 

do 

do 

I'lialnHka 

St.  I'aiil  Inland. 
do 


ii..mI 

KKCArni   I.A  IlK.N. 
Tolnl  population  . I  111  \  :il.  IKlHl  :;|3 

Mal<»: 

.\i|iill« 42 

Ti  1  o  1 7  .year* ;;,l 

I'nder  S  yciirn pj 

KfiiiialoH: 

AiliillH 7;i 

,'>  to  17  yearn ,.   41 

I'  ndur  0  y.  ars si 


2')(')  ALAiSKA   INDU.STKIKS. 

M.  —  CtiiHii"  «/  SI.  Ihorijf  hliiiul,  .ll((«l.ii.  .hih).:/.  /SnO, 


f 


Nullir. 


I.i'HliMikiill.  Hov.  Iiiiikcntr 

l.i'xIi'iikdlV.  I')Imh\  til.  will''. 

1,1  "•Iriikiill,  Mil  liiii'l.  '.on 

I,i'-<ti'iikiill.  Ili'li  iiii.iliiiii.'lili  r 

l.i'Hti'iikiiir.  Miirv,  ilaiiclitir 

I.i'rtli'iikiill'.  Siiiiili.  iliiiiyhicr 

Sliiiinl'iiikiill.  Jiiliii.  uiainlilaiiulili'i' 

I,i'<lrllkiiir.  lli'llirlli.  «  iiiiiwrl- 

l.iHti'iikiil).  .\  mill,  iliiii^lilir 

MiTriilirll.  .Murk, iiiliiiil I'll 

I'liiliiiiMiiioir.  .Viiilrmiii' 

riiiiiiiiiiiiiiiir  /,riiii\  ill,  will- 

I'liiliiniiiiiiill',  ill  I  lint 

liiiliiiiiii,  Orlliiii,  willow 

1 1 II  Inn  ill.  I  Ann.  hiiii 

rriikiiiiiif,  I'l'li  r 

Prifkopii'C.  I''i'iloHiii.  will* 

I'r»kii|iii  I'.  ApiMiiiHlii.  lirotliir 

Ui'/.iiiuiill,  KciliLsiii,  willow 

lii'/an^oir,  Iiiokrnly.  moii   

Iti'/.iiii/'.oir  Si'iiilliiiii.  HiiinililiiUiililiT 

(liiHlnuiitr,  .Mi'xii.  w  iilowi  r 

(■iiliikliiinoll',  Alixiinilir 

liiiliiktiiitioll',  (Ixi'ii ill,  will' 

Swrl/.oll',  KiiHtin 

,S»i'l/oll,  Kri'Htinii  wllr 

Swfl/.oll',  (irrynrii',  moii 

I'lill  inionoir.  Kiitl,  wiiliiwcT 

I'lillainonoll'.  ( iri'jjoi'ii'.  Him 

i'liilanionoir.  Ili'iintiia,  Hon 

I'liilainonoir.  Kii'.'i  iiiii,  ilaiii.'lilrr 

liorokotl',  Coiinal 

(ilil'okiiir,  Klltl'linil,  W it'll 

liiirokoll,  Aniiii,iliinL,'liliM' 

lialiiiiiii,  I'm  lor,  liiollni'  Inlaw' 

1 11111111111.  .Mi'MiniIrr,  ailoptoil 

Kiilikiilii'll,  Kviiii 

Kiiliknlii'lV,  Viii'Mira.  wilr 

A  ikoloir.  Kvilokla.  ailoiili'il 

Sliaiic   !£ai»liii.  w  iilow 

Shani'.  (iiilrla.ilaimlili'r 

,'>liiinr,  .M  iciiiii'l,  .ion 

Mrrrnlirir.  .N'litalia.  Hinlei' 

Mci'ciilii'ir,  Ni'diriia.  ailii|>li'il 

I  iiiKii'noir. (Illi'lii,  willow 

<)ilHl(';;oir,  .'^illli'on,  Bti'pflun 

iiii^lriiiill.  .\^^ll^lla,llall^lltcl• 

( In^ln^'oir  Djii'iixia,  ilaiiHliItT 

Uii.iti'i:iit}'.  MirliiH'l,  Hon 

1  »ii.ili'L:oir,  Sosaniii.  ilan^Miti'r 

t  liiiti'^otl.  I'rliyia,  ilauylitiT 

lii'/.iiii/oir,  I'i'ii'i' 

Kc/.an/.oll.  .Miiliiiiiii,  wM'i' 

Ifdzaii/oll',  'riiliiiiia.iliint.'lit('r 

riiilainonotV.  Sin  iron 

riiilanionoir.  KviloKiii.  wit'i' 

riilliiinoiiotr,  Krriaiii,Hiin 

riiilanioiioir.  Iiiokcniy.  Hon   

I'liilaiiionMir.  l''i'iloHiii.ilMiif;lili'i' 

riiilainonntl'.  .\  nilrian 

riiilaiiiiinolV,  l'ariis('o\ia.  wilV 

I'liilaiiionoll,  I'i'liu'ia,ilaiiKl<"'>' 

Malavaiiiky,  Miiiy,  wlilow 

,\Iiil»\aiiHky.  \iroll.  Hon 

Miilit\  aimky,  W.ihhh,  ilan;;liti'r 

Mala\  iiiinky.  IfrpHiiiiia,  iliiii^lili'i' 

Malii\'ansU\ ,  Sti'pini'ila.  ^raiiililan^liti  r  . 
^lalllVllIlHky.  Kli'opati'a.  ^raiiililaiiulilur. 

MlllllMIIIHk  V.  ri'tl'I',  Hon 

.SVili'i'iiZotlV  Aikinty 

Ni'iii'i'ii/.nir,  I'' 11  j;i' Ilia,  will' 

Ni'ilirazotl.  M  111  i  Ilia.  ilaii);liti'i' 

N'riliTa/.otl'.  Nii'iili,  Hiin 

,Mm'i'iilirtl'.  I''n?voiiiM,  widow 

Mi'i'i'iilii'lf.  ,lii.i('pli,  Hon 

MiTi'iilirtl',  ( ii'ori:!'.  Hon 

MiTi'iilii'tl'.  Stepiiipila.  iliiuylitrr 

Mi'ii'iilitiir, 'liiliii.  inliiiil  son 

MiTciilii'ir,  Helena,  iluui;lilt'r 


.\g«. 
JIiilo,    ]  FeiiiitUi, 


t 


III 

:ii> 


HI 

« 

II 


•in 


■n 


Mi 

iii 
i,'i 


1 

■M 


rj 


1(1 


^'4 
211 
III 

i:i 


27 


19 
i« 


IH 


Ki 


;i.'i 
III 


■If) 

4 
21 


2!l 
III 

2H 


10 
11) 


4H 

n 


10 


nil 
111 


ALASKA    INDISTKIES.  257 

Cefl«H  no/ .*>'/.  (Ifdfijr  Inland,  Aliinla,  .lulit'H,  !S!>ii — ('"iitiniicd. 


Xainc. 


Ak"- 
Main.      I'l'iimle. 


Swi-ly.olV, 
Swri  /oil 
l.rcaiiittt' 
hfcaniill 

l.c't'JMIoll 
MiTI'llIil 
MiMdilir 

M(«ri-iillr 
Mttri'iitii 
Mi'iriilii 
M(>ii  iilii 


I'lilcixc'iiiii,  Hlntcr.... 
I*'i'i-\'finiii,  dimulitrr. 

SU'iuiii 

l'i'li-(;iii,  will'    

II  fail  t  Hoii . 


21 


.  Mil 

II',  W'aBflt'iiii,  wiili»\\ 

1!'.  Ilvaii.  Moii 

II.  Aloxaiiilni.  ilanuliliT    . 

II.  Kviliilua.ilaimlilir 

ir  Il.-lciia,(lairjlilir 

11.  Anna,  liilaiil  daii^dilvr. 


i:i 


30 
12 


21 


S8 


11 


HKCAI'lTII.ATKtN. 


Total  ii"iinlalioii 00 

Males : 

AiliiltB  19 

.I  I  o  1 7  vcarH 10 

rmlcr  .1  yea  in » 

Feiualfs : 

AdiiltH 2i 

5  111  17  yoars , 10 

I'uilcro  ycara 10 


N. — linl  of  ariDiiiitH  trtiiiHl'i  ntd  hi   tin    Xmlli    Aimiiiiin    (inniiiiriiitl    <'i>miin»y  hij  the 
AliiKl.n  ('(iiiinii'rcidi  I'limjiiiini  fur  Ihr  tiiitiii^  nf  SI.  I'lvnyiji,  Mmj  SI,  isHii, 


Kama. 


Ivan  Knlikiilifl' 

Jimcpli  Mi'i-ciililV 

I'dfr  I'l'dkiijirrll 

Ukvlriia  (ialnniii.  vtiilnw 

tSt»|iaii  la'kaiiiill 

liii-Hi'ji  Sliaiii'.  wi.low 

Aiiilnaii  I 'hi  lama  null' 

Knii.  I'liilaiiiaiiiill 

XI ri.  SilKi>iiii  .Mi'i'i'iilil! 

IVlcv  Ki'/.aiixiill 

A 1  kriil  V  N  I'llamziiH 

Alix.l.'alaklmiiill' 

Siniriiii  riiilaiiianoli  

Kiisliii  Swi'l.s/.c.ll  

Mike  1,1'Mliiikoil 

Nalalia  MrniiliU  

Iiiiiiiki'iity  IIizanAotV 

Mra.  /iK'liar  IliiHlifriill.  willow 

Corn  i I  (lorokoll' 

Ali'xia  OiiHtif(oir 

Siiuoiiii  UuatiguU' 


Nuiiie. 


Amount. 


»JH.  71 
7U.  III! 

•M.  .'il 
40.  HIP 

rri.  00 
III.. 'ill 

i;,"i  110 

Mil.  n.-, 
nil.  no 
HI.  (10 

I  111.  (Ill 
r.'H..-.:i 
tffli.  i>u 
IM  00 
111.  .Ill 
(k).  iKi 
u.'i.  r.ii 
127. ;,» 

107.00 

10: 1.  Mi 
123.  OU 


N'iiiil.i  Mal.ivan^^kv »1«7.(I0 

lii'iiii'tri  l.rslinkoiV 2ll.'i.  nil 

I  tci-yi'ii,'  liiilaioalioir 7.  2.'j 

(lll.lC.^  .Mo  M  II I  III' 10.  i'l 

.\iiilioiiir  I'liilaioaii'iir 12:1.50 

.^I'r.itiint-a  Ui'/aii/ntI    iir|  liall 01.20 

^■..ll•^■l,^  MiTiiilill,  oi-iihaii 201   10 

.\Ml..ki.i  \'iUc.iiir.  i>i'|.i,Mii 2:12.  fl» 

.Mark  Mcr.iiliil,  orphan 2n.:il» 

AMii.l.ia  r.MMiir 71.40 

.Vtiriliio'.a  Uiistij.'nil',  i>i'|>liiiii IH.  05 

I'lilimia  Kt'/.anzuU,  «  nlow 60.  ou 

:i.  «ni.«7 

lliv.  Iiinokriitv  LcHtiiikoH',  pripst l.7i)il.oo 

.M,  {i«"pr;;f  Cliorili l.^l^..^ 

I  3, 0U4. 55 

Total 6,  7H0.  4-i 


11.  Doc.  It:.' 17 


'2M 


ALASKA    INI)i;8TKIF.8. 


Iiirixiiiii  (if  pioitiiln  of  neiilhiii  iil  >7.  (iiiiriji  htanil  Jnr  lln  xetinnn  nf  fSf)/i. 

I  ii'j  -i.ii  -kill..  Ill  I"  1  ■  iiiH.  »i  liu  nil  : 


Niiiiii' 


Ainniiiii 


I'*irHt  I  lllH^ : 

l,.>liiiikiiil,  Dcnii'ini 

Niiliiii/iiir.  AikiMiH 

Oimli'jioir,  Ali'XiiM' 

riiil.ii mil.  KniV      

IMliLlIDonnir.  Silllrlill    

liiirnkiill.  (iMiii'iil 

Swul/.iill.  KiiMlin 

TiiUil 

Sei'fintl  rliiHM: 

Mnhniinwki.  Niinli 

I'liiliiiniinnn.  A  iiiliiiiiii- 

I'llllailiollllll.  Alllllrilll 

J^i'kariKttt,  Strpan 

r.iiMi 

'I  htl'l)  I'lilrirt  : 

KiilikolnO,  Kraii 

Ifivan/.iil),  I'licr 


#«.') 

.'ill 

n:i 

Mi 

H.') 

Ml 

R'. 

.'ill 

h:> 

M 

xn 

All 

K.'i 

.111 

MW.  U'J 


J  J.  I . 
7  J  71 
7'J.  71 

21MI.  8il 


"1.17 
Iil   IT 


Tlilril  i'lai«    rniiiiiiiii'il 
I  lll«lc;;oll,  .'^IHlrnii 

Ml'l'l'lllill      .Ill4>'|lll  ... 

i'i(ikn|i<..ir.  r. iir... 

1,1 '^•lalll.llll,  .Miki'    .. 


Tnlal 


i.ll  l-laSM  : 

I'Hlaiikiiir.  l:i'V,  Iiiiiiikiii.l.v 

riiilaiii'ifiotl.  irri'uori'-   

riiilaii nil,   I'ljilii'iiiiii 

.Mi'irlillll.  (ii-iil;!r    

Ii.iljiiiiii.   I'ataia 

iJcVIIII/llll.    llllMlkl'lltV 

Niili  r;i/"ir.  M.ojt    .' 

Ml  TCIllill.  ,l..liii  

rilil.lllMilliill,  Ilillxki'tllV 


Tdtnl 

'  ii.tiiil  liilal 


»«l,  17 
III.  17 
III  17 
III.  17 

;i»i.'.  II'J 


'Jim 

oil 

■2T, 

IKI 

•a  IKI 

'.'.'. 

IH) 

'jr> 

DM 

it". 

no 

1,1 

III) 

1.1 

oil 

1,1 

IKI 

aTu.uo 

1.1)14 

HO 

/  Ml'  o/ iiriiiinilH  iliif  iinlifvi  hii  Ihf  XdiIIi    liiifrirtui  I'minni niiil  I  niiipitnii. 


NniiH*. 


SiiiMMiii  riiilninnnnt. .. 

Ali'Mi  UiiKli-u'of 

,\iii)ri-an  I'liihiinnnnt'  . 
.Viiilinnir  I'liiliiinHiiiil 
l-iiit'.  I'tiilaiiifiiiiit'.  . . .  - . 

tliiM.  .Mn'riilif - . 

ri-tcr  Kf/.an/.nl' 

Sli'pnii  l.i'kliaiiol' 

rclir  I'liikiipiMil' 

Sillli'iill  I  Ill4li'|;nf 

1   Hinll  Swi'l/cil 

.\rki-iita  Ntiiara/.ol'. .. 

('MriiiMl  i:<iriiklint' 

Nil  iili  MMJavanHki 

Iii'inili-a  l,ini<Miko('. .. 

.Mikr  l.t'sti'iiknC 

(in'^i'r.\'  riiilainniiiit'. . 

(i<'nri;i>  Mciriilil 

Iiiiiiiki'iitv  \'\Ki,;\nin\' 
Kvnii  KiilikoUil' 


Ilalaiii'i' 

Cr. 

.♦•Jin. 

.■.« 

lilll. 

mi 

ITU. 

■Jl 

1711. 

'J'J 

•JiiJ 

•Jl 

IIJ. 

17 

170. 

•Jl 

(11. 

17 

mo. 

II'J 

•iW. 

.11  i 

208. 

.Mi 

:;i:i. 

,11! 

'j:i:i. 

7  •J 

•JHIl.  2h 

m.  117 

•J.') 

III! 

'JT 

Ill) 

iM 

Ml 

lO'J 

K8 

Xiiiiiii. 


Mpliraiiii  I'liilaiiiiinuf 

ral'ura  i  iaiaiiiii      

Nin.li  \i'il.r.i/..i   

,liiliii  M.r.iilll    

iiiiiuKtMii  \  riiiiaiiiiiiior  . . . 

Ki'v.  Iiiiioki'iilv  1,1'nliiiikiil'. 

St.  licuruf  I  liiirili   

Si'IkmiI^iii   Mt'n  iilil  

Naili'Mila  Mi'i'i'iilit' 

Zaiiar  liiislckMr 

Sariijilifiiir  liivnn/nt'  

itirnr  Shaiii' 

l''ritnHia   I^'/all/nr 

( Ikatiiia  I  i.iliiiiii     

.Vvilnlia    I'Mpnll       

I'.lliikM-  \  iikloll 

.\;;riiliha  i  in.,ti!>iif 

Natali.i  Miriiilill 

Marl;  .Min  iilif 


ialaiK 

I* 

«>. 

(25.  no 

21. 

on 

11 

no 

1,1 

on 

15.  mi 

1.8IH).  no 

1 .  'JIM 

,1,1 

11.1 

on 

1(11.40 

iiKi.  nil 

.11 

70 

45 

on 

:iii 

00 

■J7 

'J.I 

(VI 

« 

'JJH 

10 

!1 

HO 

no 

INI 

jiiii 

Hit 

( I,  —  Uriiiiil"  III'  .ti/eiils  l.aiiiidi  r  mid  Mnniiii. 

|.Hl.\Mi    III     ,ST.    I'aI.'I,, 

lUriiiii  Sill,  Alimkii,  Aiiijiml  .'»,  /.V.'«'. 
ThiH  i»  torortify  tliat  1(>,8"1  I'lirscai  .Hkiii.>*  liiur  tlii.~  ilii.v  Incn  »lii|(|iiil  oii  liniiiil  tlm 
stcaiiif<hip  .\iiiiio,  ('ii|it:iin    TliiiMiaH  ('inniiianiliii;:,  iiml  <  Mii.'<i;;iii'il   In  tlic  .N'urtli  Aiiicri- 
riiii  CiimiiitMciiil  (  oiii|>nii,v  of  San  I'raiiriticn,      Tliis  luiiii;  t'l"  tnlal  calrli  mi  St.  I'aiil 
iNlanil  ("or  llioscaMon  of  \x'MK 

.Iii.xr.i'ii   .Mini.'.w, 
I«»/<i/«m/  rrniMiii)/    i'lml. 


Nl.AMi    Ml     .-I,    I'M   I.,   Al,A.-*KA, 

'iuiiihI  :>,  /.s'OO 

Keceivod  this  <la,T  mi   lioanl   tli(!  steniiiHliip  .lc<i</<i,  for  llo-  Norlli  .Vinirlran  ( 'om- 
inprcial  Compjiny  of  Snn  I'lanciMro,  Jtl.HTI  fur  hihI  hUIiih. 

II.  ('.    i'llllMAK. 

I'npliiiii,  <  iiiiimniidinii  .l''a<ji>. 


ALASKA    INDI'.STKIKS. 


2r.() 


Island  <if  St.  Okorok, 
l!«riii<i  .">>«,  .lliiMkii,  .linil  II,  ISftn. 

This  '\K  to  certify  tliaf  l.li'I  fiir-Hi'iil  nkiiiH  liavi-  tliiHiluy  lircii  slii|i|UMl  on  liimril  ilio 
Nt(iiiiiisiii|i  .Iriifid,  (';i|itiiiii  I'lioiiKis  <'iiiiiiii;iii(lirii;,  iiinl  loiiHi^iuMl  to  tlio  Niirtli  Aiiirri- 
rilllC'oillMUtrriMi  ('olil|iiiliv  ol  Siiii  I  r;iiirii4CU.       I'llli  IxiillU  lln'  totiil  Citti  ll  on  St.  (itMir^K 

Ixiuiid  t'ur  tliu  Huubuii  of  IKM, 

Ai.iiKiti    W.  I,A\  i;ni>i'.k. 

.tnHiHllllll    inilHIIVIJ   .li/llll. 


I»I,ANI>  OK   .'^T.  (iKKIHiK,  .\I.ASKA, 

iiiiiiisi  —,  /sua. 
Keceivt'il  this  diiy  on  Imiird  tlii>  Htfiitiisliip  .triii/o,  t'i>r  the  Nortli  Aniuriuan  Coinnifr- 
cial  C'oiii])Uliy  of  .Sun  l'"ranii8uo,  l,U'l  tiir-ccal  sUihH. 

11.  C.  TiioM.xs. 
Captain,  i'liniiiianiliiiij    Irago. 


[Telegraphic  instrnctions  to  Spcijal  AKonttJoO' 

VVASHlNtiToN,  I).  <■;,  April  :.'!>,  lSf)0. 
CllAFiLER  .1.  (tOKF, 

Trenxitrii  Afjriit,  Seal  7hI(iihIs. 
(Ciiic  (rolicftor  of  ciistoiii.s,  Han  Francisco,  Cal.) 
In  case  absolute  iicct'ssity,  i  Mii.^cd  liy  .s(;arcit,v  •••'  natives  or  otherwisi', 
use  best  Jndfiiucnt  and  discretion  in  allowin;,^  iiilliii};  seals  tor  8kins 
alter  .Inly  L'U. 

VV.  Win  DOM,  Scnrtitrji. 


P. — Protest  of  (ieortii  A".  Tiuiilc 

NOUTH    A.MKKM'AN   (^OMMKUt  lAl,   COMPANY, 

.S7.  I'nul  l.shniil,  Aliisbi,  .luhj  is,  is:k). 

Sir:  Vonr  coininnnieation  of  the  xtli  instant  was  received,  in  wliidi 
yon  notify  nu' as  snperintendtiit  (»f  llic  North  AinerKaii  ("tiiunien-iii! 
Company  that  said  «Minipany  ninsi  eeasc  killiii;(  .-.ealson  the  Jntii  instant. 
Tlu'  delay  in  leplyiny;  tiierelo  was  with  the  hopii  that,  as  a  resiilt  of  our 
several  vtnbal  discussions  of  tiie  propriety  or  nece.saify  of  your  order, 
yon  wonld  be  eonvineed  of  the  nntenaiile  position  yon  have  assumed 
and  revoke  the  order,  thus  allowin;;  the  lessees  to  y<»  on  vith  their 
business  as  the  law  provides.  Vuiir  aiiiioMiii'eiiH'iit  to  nie  this  evening,' 
tliat  you  will  not  revoke  your  order,  ami  that  your  decision  is  liiuil, 
leaves  me  but  one  thinj,'  more  to  do,  \  iz,  tile  tins  |u'otest  ajrainstthe 
wisdont,  justice,  or  necessity  of  eidbrcin;;  on  the  lessees  what  we  con 
sider  an  arbitrary  aitrid^jiiieiit  of  our  ii;,'hts  under  and  by  virtue  of 
the  law. 

The  lease  was  executed  by  the  Ciovprnment  of  the  I'liited  States  in 
pnrsuaiK'eof  chaitter  .'5.  title  li.'S.  Ite vised  Statutes.  This  law  anthorixcd 
the  Secretary  of  the  Trcasuiy  to  presenile  from  time  to  time  tlie  rules 
and  rcfjulations  by  which  tlie  Treasury  a;;«'nts  in  <liai;j:e  of  the  .seal 
tisheries  shall  lie  ju'overmd.  Tiiere  is  imwhere  in  tin*  law  any  provision 
antliorizino  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  after  he  has  (ixeil  iip'  n  the 
number  of  seals  the  le.s.sees  shall  kill  in  any  oiu'  year,  to  cut  down  the 
time  to  such  a  date  as  to  make  it  impossible  for  them  to  secure  the  num- 
ber allowed  to  be  taken. 


260 


ALASKA    INinrSTRIEa, 


Tli«  (late  you  fix,  20tli  instant,  it  m  trno,  was  nanictl  by  tlio  StM-retary 
of  tlH'Tit'asnr.voiiyonrn'coniniendation,  l»nt  yim  nift^ivcd  snltseqiicnlly 
an  onl<>i'  to  exti'iiil  tin'  tinm  or  "  nse  yonr  l)est  judfjint'iit."  On  tiic 
ri'coipt  of  said  t*>i(^;;ia|ilii«'  ordor  tlic  day  bcfonMHir  sliip  sailt'd,  yon  told 
tlu>,  pi'csidtMit  of  tin'  company,  !.  liiebus,  and  inyscll,  tlnit  "it  would  bt^ 
ail  iifi;lit;  it  was  as  <;ood  as  wo  want(nl,"  etc.,  satisfy  in  jj  tin'  president 
of  the  (!onipany  ami  myself  tliat  yon  woidd  extend  the  time,  otlu'rwise 
we  would  not  Inue  sailed  until  we  received  IVoni  the  Secretary  a  positive 
revocation  of  that  part  of  his  instructiun»  which  cut  us  otf  on  'Mtli  from 
killing  seals. 

V(»u  said  today,  that  seoinjj;  tiiat  seals  were  so  scarce  deternuiied 
yon  to  stop  the  killing;  on  the  U'dtli,  and  yet  yoii  adnnt  to  havin;,' ordered 
Colonel  Murray,  on  St.  (icorge  Island,  the  Treasury  ayent  in  (!har;,'e, 
to  stop  our  a),'(Mit  there  from  killing.  Tliis  order  was  issued  to  ('oloml 
Murray  at  an  rarlif  tli(tr,lirf'orc  the  Icilliufi  of  si<ilx  hntl  Intrdli/  coin m(  need, 
ami  it  wa.s  not  known  whether  they  woidd  be  few  or  many.  'I'he  law 
says  tiie  lessees  shall  yive  the  initives  a  viniiilvHtiiicv  4Mit  of  the  takin;; 
of  theseal  skins.  Iloic  amtlint  proriniDnnf  the  Itiir  heatrrinl  out  when 
the  Govi'niment  stipn  in  (ind  stops  the  lesmrs  from  kUVuiii  irhcn  tliei/  are 
taking  a  thousand  seals  a  day.  Hy  the  enlorcemcnt  of  your  order  as 
the  representatives  and  agents  of  the  I'nited  States  you  deprive  the 
nativca  of  a  maintenance;  you  deprive  the  (lovernment  of  large  rev- 
enue; you  cause  the  Noith  American  Connnercial  Company  great  loss; 
you  turn  over  to  the  marauders  and  other  natural  enendesof  the  seals 
in  the  water  many  thousands  of  line,  killable,  mendiantabie  seals,  which 
we  could  take  without  any  detriment  whatever  to  the  rookeries. 

We  have  every  reason  to  believe,  from  the  marked  inereasv  of  imr 
arrivals  of  Jin e  seals,  that  if  we  were  allowed  by  you  to  continue  (tiir 
killing  under  the  law  we  could  till  our  quota  of  (i(),()(K>  seals.  Helieving 
this,  we  will  claim  damages  from  the  Government  of  the  i'nited  States 
e(]ual  to  the  loss  we  sustained  byyour  a(!t  limiting  the  time  to  tiie  -'Oth 
instant  when  we  shall  cease  killing.  Th's  limitation  of  time  inis  no 
l)recodent  iu  the  past  20  years,  wiiile  the  (jnota  for  St.  (leorge  and  St. 
I'anl  islands  was  several  times  changed.  The  law  lixed  the  time  when 
the  killing  shall  cease,  but  the  Secretary  can  lix  the  number  to  be  killed 
eacii  year — not  exceeding  10(>,0(((). 

In  view  of  the  foregoing  facts,  the  North  American  Commercial  Com 
pany  respectfully  claim  the  right  to  be  allowed  to  jiroceed  with  the 
execution  of  their  business  under  aud  by  virtue  of  their  lease. 
I  am,  very  resi)ect fully, 

Gko.  1{.  Tincjlk, 
Superintendent  North  American  Commercial  Company, 

C.  J.  Coi'l',  Ivsq., 

Treasury  Agent,  in  eharye  of  tScal  Fiiiheries. 


ALAHKA    1NDU8TKIE8. 


261 


Table  ihoH'inii  the  niimhfr  of  fur  urnh  kHIrd  fur  Hkim  on  lln-  Inland  of  St.  Paul  hii  Ihe 
.llii»ka  Ciniimfrciiil  ('i)iiifiniiii,  nndal'ii  for  nulirin'  food,  from  /.S7"^(  /v,V,'/,  iiiclumir;  the 
iimoiiiil  of  iitriiiiiiin  mrind  hii  llir  iialiriH  of  I  hi »  inland  for  tiikiny  ond  nirimi  Ihrne 
nkiiiH,  anil  Ihe  diiilriliution  of  nnid  farniniio;  llir  lutiil  niimhrr  of  fiir-nnil  ikini  nhipped 
from  St.  I'aiil  Inland  In/  ilif  .iliinka  <  ommervial  ('oiniiany  from  JS,'ii  to  ismi,  inclunire. 


Yr»rii. 


mi. 

iH7a. 

IH74. 
IH7S. 
Ili7«. 
1H77. 
IH7H. 
1879. 
IHMI. 
IHMI. 
1 882. 
I88;i. 
1881. 
1885. 
1886. 
1X87. 
IK8H. 
188U. 


Tciliil  liir 
iihi|i|<i<il. 


Total . 


0. 
78, 

74, 
74, 
811, 
KU, 
8". 
(Ml, 

H'.', 

811. 
8U. 
7H, 
80, 
lUI. 
8.'i 
84, 
8.'>, 
8.'>. 
85, 


017 
134 
tMI 
41'.'. 
ll'.U 
11(17 

0(10 

I  till 

IMMI 
OIKI 
000 

llll.', 

IHMI 
000 
IKIO 
Ml.'i 
IMiU 
IWHI 
000 
OIKI 


Pnlil  til  im 

llM'h  till' 

liikliiK  mill 

I  iirliiK 
I      (kliii. 


n.  am.  8o 
;io,  8.'>3.  (ill 
:i(i.  nil  iKi 

211.  .'>1I7.8II 

'jii,  H4U  tm 
;io,  otiH.  no 

;il,84H  20 

'j;i.  u8i.eo 
;ij,fl,">i  (HI 

:il,!N)8.  till 
Ml,  880  OU 

:ii,8'j.i  no 
;ii.7.'iii  80 

'.M,  8im.  KO 

:i:i.  78.'>  m 
.'i;i.  ii:i3.  OU 
;i:i,ii4i.8ti 
:i:i,  8:iii.  80 
;i:i.  8:i4.  tH) 
:i:i.  744.80 


I'lihl  to  j 
tmlMi"< 

lor  llllHT 

III  mlHir. 


$S8il.  40 

711.  80 
217.  Vl 

•m.  u;i 
ii:i.  40 

Mil.  4U 

2,  218.  »8 

1,1110  81 

215.  40 

M.VII 
2.'-i7.  .'.o 

117.  IMI 
2IU.  110 

12.00 
134.  IKI 
203.  40 

l.'i.llo 

l.'i.  OU 


Totiil 

Inrmiilx 

klllnl. 


fl.017 

77,02» 
711, 1108 
711,  488 
117,1132 
lll.2iri 
7!l.  lUO 
112.813 
8.1  034 
811.  5112 
MO.  2711 
81.. Mil 
81.420 
(il,U87 
Nil.  013 
HO.  .104 
H5,  tl8U 
85,  B2tl 
85,271 
85,  U53 


Iti-jii  li'd 

HtUtfl-V 

xkiiin. 


iHliitrHiiitlonoriintlvrn'oiiniliiL'it 
I     Cor  tukliiu  iiiiil  riirlii^  liir  Hfttl 
xkiiin. 


431 
l,.'i:i« 

7;i« 

5M 

451 

1,11711 

1,088 

U81 

l,l»77 

275 

1.341 

I   114 

1.776 

U4I 

1.182 

«35 

.MHI 

ItiU 


KiM'i'lveil 

liy  St. 

PhiiI 

CItiircli. 


ItM.  00  ' 

910. 10 
IH)2.  45 
870.  02 
'Mi.  Ufl 
4  12.  07 
7,'i7.  12 
021., 50 

8.55  78 ; 

822.24  I 
813.  Ill 

itii. nn 


Urciiiv  I'll 

liy  .St.  rniil 
privHt. 


*451.22 
435.  1 1 
420.  53 
432.  07 


Ill'I'I'ivi'll 

l.v  SI. 

PhiiI 

widiiwa. 


♦77.  20 
«14. 83 


021.48 
855.  78 
821  .50 

813.  Ill 

8.57.  on 

1,1810,011 

7.50,  00 

I.  000.  I'O 
l.OOU. 'HI 
1,(810. '/O 
1,  000.  110 
1.  IMIO  00 
1,000.  IMI 


.'lOil  00 
200.  00 
150.  05 


2,  n.50.  00 

50.  UO 

300.  00 

20(1.  00 
l.."ii«i.  00 

l.')0.  00 
2.  5IMI.  (MJ 


1,. 523,287     .500,0.50.00     7,00.5.07    I.B.57,110         18.  124    o8,851,7fl     « i:' 407.45     a8.802.07 


Yl'BTH. 


lIlHtriliiitioii  i<(  iiiitivpii'  )'iiriiiiii;!<  tor  tukiuK  iiiiil  riiriiiK  for. 
mill  .skinM. 


Itir.lvfil 
liv  St, 

r>Hiii 

n((*'il  II  till 
Hirk. 


Ilirelvwl 

by  SI. 

riiiil 

Cliunli 

for  truiiM- 

latioii  ot 

chiiruli 

■errice. 


I 


IIi'i'pIvihI 

In  illirlM 
iiH  Huliirv. 


IJcci'ivoil 

l>V  I'lltt- 

lankii 
('liorili. 


Krrrlvi'il 

liv   I'll*. 

luHkii 
jirli'iit. 


1870 i|iloll.:io 

1871 4.55  08 

1872 

1873 i 

1874 


1875. 
1870. 
1877. 


1878 '. ' :     »30U.0U 


»432.  07 
378.  40 
310.74 


Rprclvml  ' 

li.V  St. 

<if(ir(;i» 

iiii'ii  tor 
work 

(loiio  on 
St.  Taiil. 


Ki'iiinrk*. 


756. 80 


$6.  OUO.  00 


5,  OUO.  00 


1879 

1880 »20ll.00    »1, 219.65 


1881 

1882 

1883 

l.'<84 

1885 1.(MIO.OO 

18M! 000.110 

1887 

1888 

1889 : 


428.83 


#455.08  roieivi'il  liy 
Ur.  KrHoicr.  Ilrnf- 
i-liiHH  Hliiirc.  (I 

15,(NM)  HkiiiK  cnMlitKil 
to  St.lieoi-^i'iiifii  I'or 
lalior  I  ♦OHO  n»ri'iv*»(l 
liy  iiK'O  triiiii  Kmliiik 
for  lalior, 

14.000  ^MiHcrcilitfil  to 
SI,  liiori'i'  mill   for 

Inlioi'.  iM'.'.iio  iloiiat- 

i'tlt(i.\iitoiii-Mrlovl. 

I  llotl.  0 

856.78    »l  (122.02    rneivoil   liy 

iintlvi*x  for  niukitii; 
oil.  iiiiilir  load  of 
•:tiiirnil  lalior. 
»l,Oi;0.(i«  iiMiivid  liy 
tmtiviH  for  iiiakin^' 
oil,  iiiiiliT  liiail  of 
1,'i'IK-riil  lalior. 

226.00  ' ♦.'lO  riMflveil  by  Hchool- 

I tenclier.  c 

225.  no  1 

300.  00  1 2,  B44. 35 

300.  CO  1 3,  0.36.  OS 

20O.  00    3.  000. 00 

200.  00    2,  500.  M 

200.00    1,. 500.00 

200.  00    1.  300.  00 


i 


I 


450.00 
450.00 


4.50.00 


Total....  a  1.800.00  a  1,048.48     3, OSo.UO   a  1,571.21    o2,176,!l6     25,780.40 


2t;2 


ALASKA    IX1)1\ST1{IK8. 


table  gluiiiiiui   fill    iiiiinlitr  ,/l'  /ur  mtili  l.ilUil  fur  nkiim  nti  Ihc  l-^liiiul  i>/  SI.  I'uii'  hii  the 
Miisiit  t'uiiiiiiiriiiil  i'oiiiiiiiiiii,  til, — ('iintiiiiie>l. 

i;i;iAi'i  1 II,  \  1  ION. 


'I'.Mul  !*:::"  t.iIh  Killed  t'lr  ^*^,ill^  mi  l.ir  isiainl  oi"  ■-'i    l*;iiil  liy  iIm-  Ala'<Ka  ( 'i»niTinTrial  I'oiii 

|iiiii\    ami  iiUii  liir  imliic'rt' ("ihI,  Iriiin  IK7iMii  l»MI.  iiiiliisiM I.  .057,  111) 

Totiil  1'iir  Mtiairt  killiNl  I'or  Hkin:4  sliippcd  tVniii   St     I'aiil  lt\'  Alaska  I 'oiniiiiTcial  riiin)iaii\' 

1 1(1111  IK70  111  IKSli 

'I'lilal  lur  -i-iil  skill-  I' i  SI.  I'liul  ri'.iiTiiil.  -lauey     

l>i'»l  nut  lull  III  sral  lilti  mi  St    I'tiil  I»liiliil  in  sri'iiriii);  iitlili  truiii  ltl7U  In  IMU.  iiicliiaivi'   . . 


NiiTI..      Tiilal  I'lir  smU  iil'all  ilaNCK   killiil  fm  iiai  iM  n  Inml  <>.i  Si.  I 'an  I  lalaml  I  mill  IHTil  In 
ICKB.  iiulUKii''     

Tut  111  fur  -iiiU  ilarj;"  Miiiin;  ,siai»i  killiil  im  iiativrs'  ruml.  nl'  wliirli  the  AlaHka  I 'miiiiiiicial 

(''iniliaiis  ariM'jiicil  ami  Nlii|i|H*il  r('J,.*7;i  skins 

Tut  111  lur. sell  1  imji.-i  i.''  iimnrl;  nlil  i  killtil  Im-  natives'  i'imuI  Irmii  lH7'i  In  IH^O. 


1..V2:) 

IH 

'.'87 
1L>4 

7li5 

1,557, 

iia 

"=-^-= 

=-- 

lit. 

.01 

80.997 
«:i  so* 

'rntal  eniiiiii:;s  rereiMsl  i»v  iiai  i\  es  of  SI .  rani  l-.l.iMil  i'miiu  ls7i:  In  iss»,i,  ineliiFiivi 

I'lital  (Inn  111  inns  received  liy  natives  nC  SI.  I 'a  ill  Is  In  ml 

'I'ntal  paid  In  illiels 

Tntal  |iai(|  In  Si.  Iienl;;e  lliell  Inr  lalinr  nil  St.  1 'a 111      

I  ntiil  piiiil  In  KiMllak   Mien  Inr  lalinr  nil  St.  I'a 111 

Tntlil  liaid  In  s(  liie;l  ..  ;ii  her 


144,  Ml 
fliliM,  0(11  (17 
II  ;iH.  H75  01 

:i,  050. 00 

'25,  7mO.  40 
MIMO  IM) 
c  50. 00 


Tntal  Willi  Alasl.i  r iiicK  iiil  Cnmiiaiiv  In-  Mrs.  Midevlilnll   3,404.99 

Tdliil  expended  i.v  iialiu's  IViiiii  ls7n  In  IHH" 5(;9,H90.li7 

Total  Imluuie  iliiu  imtiviis  iluy'J4,  Ifim,  with  Nnrlli  .Viiicvieaii  ('niiiini>i'i  iai  Cninpiiiiv     ...        'Jl,  XIO.  UO 

lilii.oiil  1)7 


/Vi/i/c  Hhoiiiiiij  numlirr  nf  fur  sviils  lillnl  fur  nkiii^  tm  llie  hlnntl  itf  SI.  (icunie  In/  III'- 
■tlimi.a  (iiiiiiiieniiil  ''iimininii,  inni  ii/.m<  /'or  iiiiliien' JdihI.  iruiii  /S','l>  to  /S^!l,  huhimic ; 
ilif  iiiiioini,'  iif  mnihiiin  riftind  lii/tthi  iiiiliitK  iil  lltin  ixlmiil  fur  laliini  timl  iiiriiii/  llieni' 
■  liiiis:  iil:it  uiiKniiil  (itniiil  liji  SI.  liinrnr  nun  tin  SI.  I'liiil  hlnnd,  and  llif  (liniriliiilioii 
<il'  Kiilil  inrnihiiH  ;  Ihv  lulal  iniiiilur  tif  fiirnml  t-k'nm  "liiiijiiil  frmii  SI,  (iiunic  Inland  hy 
llii'    :'aiii<ii  Cnniniiri  iiil  <  <iniiituii/  fnmi  IS'c  Ui  tSS'J,  inrhiniir. 


1K70 
1H7I  . 
1H7'J  . 

iH7;t . 

I«75  . 
lK7i!  . 
1H77. 
I((78  . 
1H7'.I  . 
1>'H0. 
ISHl  . 
ioi<2  . 
188  J  . 
1884  . 
lKs5  . 
\Krtii  . 
If^HT  . 
188.'<  . 
1880  . 


\'ear.s 


Tnlal 
t'lir  Heal 

HklllH 

-1 1- 


rani  In  lia 

lives  Inr  I  .rial 

la'  Miu  and     liir  -'■;,!- 
iniii:  kill.il. 

.-'.ins. 


Iiisti  ilmtiniint'iialhes  eaniinu'ilnr 
taking  and  eiirin;;  tiir-seal  skins. 


Si.  lienrue 


Tnlal 

lei.dcl      ■"'■  l"-'".'-''       |;,,,,.ive(l  Iteeeivcd 

-->■•  i;ai;=i  .;:>,-,  .!.- 

I'linreli.  pnest. 


tVntll 

SI.  I'aiil. 


1!)  1177 
:'5. 0011 
•.'5. 000 
111,  01)11 
III.  Olio 

10.  mill 
l.'i,  imo 

lh,IIO>l 
•.'0.  000 
'20,  000 
'20,  000 
'20.  000 
15,  000 
15,  oiiO 
1,5,01111 
15,  000 
15.1100 
1.5,  000 
15,  i»0 


$7,0:10.  rti 
III  null,  nil 
Ifi.  mill.  |iii 
4.  noil.  10 
■1,000.  no 
I.  lion  nil 
li.  nun  nil 

1.  'JOll,  (10 

8.  ouii.  on 
H.iiiio.  no 
8.  i'OO.  nil 
8,1100.011 
6,000.011 
0.  lino.  (Ill 
(i,  000.  DO 
5,0110.(111 
M,  Olio  nil 
(),  oiin.iin 
(i,  000.  ou 


nird 
11:11 
'270 
11:1 

:iiio 
;;iii 
:),58 
•2;':i 
:ilii 
nvi; 
onil 
14.'. 
ih:i 
I  111! 
I7!l 

oh:; 


:il 
:;7!i 
14:1 
:!i)o 
:iHi 
275 
1'2« 
2^1 


.fil,  noo.  00 
5,  tiiiii.  nil 


i|>340.  OU 
1110.00 
•250.  CJ  ! 

aoo  00 

:!8o,  00 
1. '100. 00 

172.  00 
100.  00 


I'JO 

20 
7U 
1 1.1' 

40 


2.H14,:i5 
;i.  IKHi.  05 
:!,Onil.  nil 
2, 500.  on 

1,, 500.  00 

l,:iiio.  Oil 


$700. 00 
:i75  00 

000.  IK) 
800.  00 
800.no 
800.  on 
800  00 
800.  00 


Tul:il  317.077      128,830.80       319,914 


.  :!l'i9 


2,5,780,40      (12.702.  00        a5.  075. 00 


ALASKA    INDl'STKIKH. 


2(;3 


I'ohlr  tthoiriuff  tnnnlur  nf'  hir  >-nils  hithil  J\n-  nhinH  un  the  Inland  of  >'.   G^uryt  hy  ih« 


ruling  li:i 


U'iiiiit:f4  tor'  taliiii|j  aii)l 
rill  HkiiiM. 


VeuiN 


Uecoivi-ii  I 
l)y  Si.    j 


UiM'('ivi-«l 

liv  St. 

Itoreiv.-il 

l>V  SI, 

Hick. 

cliit't'  an 
^alar\  . 

ilrci'JM'il 
l>V  Ilia    I 

l.i»ka 

priisi.    ' 


KiTPivml 
liv  St 
I'll  II I 
luifsl. 


Kaniark*. 


1«7«. 


1871. 
187:!. 
lH7:t. 
1874. 


187 


No  ri'-oril  of  Mi-aU  killtfd 

nil  St.  (ieiir;;!'  Itlaiid  iu 
IXTII. 

jriii. 'Ill    »l!i. '.'.'.  iiiiar.iiiiiitiMl  lor,  6 

W.  Ill)      


1870 

18T7 

1H78 

1879 

1880 

1881 

1882 

188;) 

18K4 

1885 

18811 ililuo.  no 

1887 r>0  (10    

1888     

188D >'50.  no    


.f  :iilu,  1)0 


160.  00 
•J50.  00 


15  01)0      t'lir-Hral      xkiiis 

»lii)i|ii-il  ri'oiii  St.  I'aiil 
to  SI  diiirci'.  Bi'il  irrd- 
itnl  to  St.  ticorj;!' 
$:mo.iiii  14.1100  fur  M'.il  Hkiiia 
»lii|iliril  I'roni  Si.  I'aiil 
to  SI.  tilorto.  itijil  1  ruil 
ileil  to  St.  Uuurg*. 

IGO.  00 

250,  00 

301).  50 

375. 0(1 


^IMI  nil 
100.  (10 
Kill,  oil 
80.  no 
10(1.  00 
100.  no 
ion.  nil 


Total.. (1450.00     aloo.oO      uO'O.oo      (I'lo.iiii      iil   r.'5.5i) 


I{K(AlTrn,.\Tli)N 

Tntal  fur  HralH  killi'd  for  HkiiiH  on  St.  iM'orm-  iHlaiid  l>\  tlii-   '     i^ka  Coniiin  niul  I'onipanv. 
and  for  natives' food,  froiu  1870  lo  1880,  iiicliiHiv I'   .    


310,  914 


'i'oini  I'lir-HC'il  mUIiis  ,slii|)]i<-il  liv  Ihr  /JaHkfi  ('iiniiui'rt'j,il  ('oiii|iaiiv  iroui  .St.  (1 'or^o  iHlanit 

If 1870  to  l.-iHO  .'    .' ;il7,077 

Tolul  fur  Mral  HkiiiM  ii'jiTli'd  anil  Mtaui'.v 2,209 

Total  duntriictioii  Iu  Hnal  lll'i.>  in  sceuriiijr  c  alrli  lui  SI.  I  ;<Mirj,'c  from  1H7II  to  \t^6i) 508 


:il».9U 


XoTl';.— Total  iiuiiiliir  of  lur  H>'al  piipM  k>llvil  for  iialivo'  Icioil  on  St,  (ii'on;n  Inlaiiil  from  1870  to  1889. 
iiiilUHiVf,  20,000 

Total  i'ariiinj;i  ri'i'i'ivml  liv  iiutivi'i*  for  laliar  on  St.  livoryii  InIimiI  from  187u  to  188'J $120,  .SHO,  80 

Total  narniiiKM  ri-cnivi'd  In  nut  i  vis  for  lalior  on  St    I'a    I  iNlainl  from  1870  to  I8KU 25,780,40 


1.52,611.20 


lot  III  ilonalions ii  11.7,12,50 

Total  iiiiaiTou'ili'il  tor H9,  25 

Tiilal  ixiii'iiiliil  li.v  ii.ilivrs  from  1870  to  IKX'.I  i:i4,  07,1,  03 

Total  lialaiii  c  lo  ..alivii,^'  iii'i'oiiiit  on  .May  24,  18011,  jind  tiiriii'd  ovir  li.v  .VlaKka  riiiiiinirrial 

(.'ouipuuy  to  Xorlb  Auiuricuu  Cumunii  ial  Compauy 0,  781), 42 

152,011,20 


2<J4 


ALASKA    INDUSTUIES. 


I'oifoliiliiipd  iiiiorl  Khitiiiiiij  llv  t  I'al  iniiiihir  itf fur  nmh  hillnl  fur  nl,iiiHiiii  tho  inlantln  of 
St.  I'li.il  liiiil  Si.  liiiiri/r,  III)  llii-  .lliiKkd  (ommrriiiil  (oiiiftiniii,  from  ts'.n  In  /S.Sl),  Ihc/m- 
niri' ;  iih'i  I  III'  II II  III  III  r  nf  Imi/r  fiiiiiiiii  Hi  ah  unit  II II  111  hill  1(1  for  lliilh  m'  fnml  on  I  III'  iHliliiilH 
of  SI.  I'liiil  anil  SI.  < ii'iinjr  from  is:ii  In  Is.^'.i,  iinlimiri  ;  llic  loliil  niiinlitr  of  tiir-Heal 
d/iiiix  xliimiril  from  SI,  I'mil  ami  SI,  llronir  hlaiiilK  lijl  tin  Aliiil.a  Inmiiiiriiiil  Vnminiiiil 
from  IS.'ii  lo  /A.v,',  iiiiliii-hi  :  llir  iimoiiiil  of  larniiinn  nviinil  Inj  tin-  iialircH  of  St,  I'aul 
anil  SI,  liiori.ii  for  takini/  ami  '  iirhi;/  akiiiH,  unit  (hi    li^lrilnitioii  of  Haiti  larnini/H, 

Tdlhi  iiiiiiilirr  III  tnr  himU  killi-tl  for  skins  nn  r.L*  Mtiiinlit  ulSi.  I'jiu'  *'M  M.  *ir"i\;i'.  Itv  tliu 
AlnHkii  I'liiiiniori  ml  <'»iii)i»>>\   anil  alsii  tur  ititlivi'M  t'liial    Iniiii  !»'>' <•■  IMgii   ituliixivu 1.877,0.19 

'loliil  niiiiiliiT  i.C    ur  HI  ;il  xkiiis  slii|i|M.<l  (nun  tlii-  islnmU '^  M    I'niil  «mI  Si.  limirKP  liy  tliii 

AKinK.t  I 'iiniiti4«i'i'ij|  I 'iiiM))iin\  liinn  i>7ii  In  t.-S!>.  inclti^iM'  1,84U,II(I4 

Till  111  II N  Ml  III- r  III  t'lr  SI'. 1 1  .•Uins  i'i'|i '  ti'it.  stii;:i  s ,  linni  il«^  mlMiifU  ol'.si.  r»ij|  uml  »i  i  «*4tr|rii 
liiiin  l"7iHii  l.-.«i.l  ill.  Iixive  •2».W.t 

Inliil  nuniliir  iil'  liir  snils  ilrniru-.i'il  nn  .><t  P^mJ  luiil  M.'i<M>Tur.  In  iMvortagthprittcli,  from 
Is7n  In  IHNII.  iiiclusivi! I0.'J7:i 


iwlimivi'.  «7.'>.'>,  (i7'.'.  K7 
.'in,  lUW.  1 1 


;i,  o.'iii.  no 

■J.'i,  7S'i.  40 
OHO.  (Kl 

lu.  -a 

50.00 

04:i,  983 

10 

28, 117.02 
3,  404.  Wt 

755.  (172 

(« 

'I'nlnl  iiiirniiigs  ri'i'ep'ril  l'.\  luilivrH  ol'  .*^l.  I'iinl  ami  ."^i    *  ai^ir;**-  Uvvu  lH7n  to 

Totnl  iliinaliimH  ri'irivnl  liy  inilivi.s  of  .-^l.  I'linl  niiH  '-'  inorLji'  iVwii.  ."<<i  In  J**'  iiii'Iuh*^'i- 
Tiiliii  IHiiil  111  rliii'lH  on  ."^1.  rani  Islanil  iSI .  iionr;."     •  iinliKlril  hi  rtoiiMlioiia    ,>70  tu  tMMH 

linliiHIM'     

Till  111  |niiil  1,1  .SI.  (ii'i'!;,'|.  mill  (ill'  will  k  ilnni'  on  ,Hi.  Km  I  Islniiil 

Till  111  jiaiil  to  Kiiill  ,k  nil  II  Inr  uoik  ilomioii  Si.  I '.ml  Islaml   

Tiihil  niiii nitli-il  lor 

Till  111  |iaiil  111  Hrhmil  li-aolirr     

Tula!  i'\|ii'iiilril  liy  tliu  lialivrK  iil' S(.  I'aiil  anil  SI.  ImiM'^o  inl.imlH  I'roiii  l<i7i»  tu  IHX'.I,  imlii 

Hivr .       

Total  lialaiirn  <lni>  nativi'.s  May  2t.  l^ll(',  imw  liilil  liy  Nmlli  Aim-iiian  ('onimiTcinl  '.'oin 

|iaiiy .' 

Total  lialauri'  lielil  liy  Alaska  (,'iiMiiiuirial  (Jiini|iaiiy  I'nr  SlfM.  M«-U)vi«J«ir 


T'otal  iinnilior  ol  I'll}  si'al  fintis  i.'i  iiirnlhs  iitil)  kiltril  I'ur  iiali\rs' toml  un  St.  Tatil  ami  St. 
Ci'iuKi'  Irmii  l'<7u  In  l»8li,  imIiiHivr 92,864 

Total  iiiiintii'r  nl'  l'ni'.si-i>l  iiiips  i.'i  ninnllis  uMi  killril  I'nr  iiati\<^s'  fnoil  on  St.  Paul  islaiul 
liMin  l-7ii  |.i  IHM'.i.  inrliisivi-     i'.:i,H04 

Tiilal  nnnilii't'  nl  Inr  ~ral  inips  i.'i  innnllni  olil)  killisl  I'nr  initivr..i  loml  mi  SI.  (Iningn  Islaml 
I'nini  1.^7(1  1  1  18811.  iinliisivi; 'J!t,  OOH 

Sptriiil  .{(11  li!  f'o.lj  :    iiirlii.siiHj  rcjxirl  nf  AKKistiiiit  Ai/nil  Xrlili'tan. 

OKl-'H'K   Ol'   Si'Ki'IAI,   AnKNT    I'UKASfllV    1  )Kl'AUTMi;iNT. 

(Uinksliiifij.  W.  Vii.,  Srittiinhi'i-  i>9,  isfio, 

Sii;:  liiclusfd  iiliMsi-  'iiid  report  <irii>sistiiiit 'I'rcasiiry  ii;;eiit,  l\Ir.  S.  R. 
Nt'tilrinii,  wild  \v;is  ill  ■liiu'.m'i  ol'  St.  1*11111  I.slnti(l  iliiiintj  tlie  winter  of 
ISiS'l  anil  IV.MI. 

IJc'siK'cti'iilly.  yiiiirs.  CllAs.  .1.  (loKi', 

Trriisiiri/  .\ijt'iif. 

Hon.   WlM.IAM    WiNDi.M, 

iScvrrtdri/  o/  the  Treaxurii, 


Inclosure  iiilli  Sprciul  Agin!  llii(!">i  r'jinrl .;/'  Sviilemln'r  .'.'.  IS'.in;   rvjinrt  of  .\nxiHtiint  .li/riit 

.Si'lllrlon. 

St.  Pail  Island,  Ai. a.-^a  a,  ■/iihj  :!l,  1S!)0. 

Deaij  Siu:  I  liiive  the  honor  liercwitli  to  siiliniit  my  iinniiiil  rcpm-t 
of  the  condition  ol'  alV.iirs  on  tliis  island  during'  the  tiinc  in  wliich  1  liad 
chaifio,  to  wit.  from  September  l'.'!  l.S.S!(,  tiic  (hitc  of  your  departure, 
until  .lune  of  this  year;  and  also  to  cuinmenl  hrieily  npoii  I  lie  condition 
of  the  seal  rookeries  and  Iniiiliii}.;-  uioiinds  of  liiis  island  durin{,'  tlie 
season  wiiicii  closed  on  the  HOth  instant. 


ALASKA    INDIHTKIKS. 


2(;5 


I  liavc  found  the  iiiitivt-s  <»f  tliis  island  an  <'X('«M'din<;l,v  easy  people  to 
pox  (Mil  and  control.  Tlui  (Jov«Miiin«'nt  afjont  in  cliai';;*'  lioiiij,'  tlu;  sole 
reprt'scntativc  ai  d  executive  oC  tlie  law,  is,  as  you  an'  aware,  neces- 
saiily  liroiij;lit  inio  very  close  and  intimate  relations  with  these  ]n'ople, 
havinfr  to  do  with  the  minutest  details  of  their  everyday  lite. 

.My  comparatively  hrieC  exjjerience  in  ;roverninfi:  them  convinces  ine 
tlnit  a  policy  ot  kindiu'ss.  with  lirniness  and  an  a])peal  to  tiieii'  man- 
hood and  woinanlioiid,  hold  the  best  |)romise  of  po(»d  i  'suits,  having; 
ill  view  their  liappiness  and  their  advaiuiement  to  a  liif^her  and  a  better 
civili/atioii. 

1  believe  that  it  would  be  ditliciilt  to  tlnd  anj'where  within  the  juris- 
diction  of  our  (iovernment  iiny  jieojile  so  easy  to  coiitr(d.  considering 
that  they  are  Uept  in  enforced  idleness  ten  months  of  each  year. 

1  re^Mi'd  their  readiness  to  coin|>ly  with  any  and  all  rules  and  rejjula- 
tioiis  of  this  ol1i<(i  for  their  fiovernmeiit  as  testityiii};  to  their  manhood 
and  {i'odd  citizensliip.  In  this  conneittion  it  atfords  me  great  i)le:!sure 
to  report  that  during  the  time  that  I  have  had  immediate  charge  there 
have  been  bul  tlirci^  instances  of  \iolation  of  any  riih'  or  regulation. 
These!  were  mild  casis  of  jKirtial  iiitoxi<"Uion  during  their  lioliday  fes 
tivities.  There  has.  been  no  druiiUenness  or  brawling  in  the  village 
streets  or  in  the  homes  of  the  people;  not  a  single  breach  of  the  peace. 

It  is  a  source  of  gratiiicatioii  to  \h'  able  to  state  that  the  journals  of 
this  oHice  show  that  in  this  regard  lluMvinter  Just  elos«'d  ])resents  an 
exeeption  to  those  of  any  of  the  jtreceding  twenty  years. 

The  fa<t  is  i>atent  that  but  little  advaiiceinent  has  been  made  by  the 
natives  of  this  island  toward  an  intelligent  American  citizenship  during 
the  twenty  years  that  they  have  been  nominally  citizens  of  the  Kepultlic; 
that  not  to  exceed  lb  per  cent  of  them,  who  during  the  time  mentioneil 
have  attendei'  I'lnglish  schools,  speak  the  I'.iiglish  language.  This  may 
be  exi)lained  by  the  well  l<nown  oi)iection  of  tlu^  i)areiits  to  their  (diil- 
dreii  learning  to  speak  lOnglisli,  and  to  the  further  tact  that  the  services 
of  their  chinch,  tin  .iieek  ('atholic,  arc  (conducted  wholly  in  the  Kussian 
and  Aleutian  languages. 

The  small  atlvancement  made  by  the  i»uitils  in  tlie  schools  is  attribu- 
table, also,  in  large  measure  to  the  fact  that  tiie  schools  have  oeen 
coiiducte<l  by  persons  not  trained  to  the  profession  of  teaching. 

it  is  in  my  opinion  to  be  regretted  that  th<>  Department,  in  granting 
the  new  lease  of  the  Seal  Islands,  did  not  reserve  to  itself  the  employ- 
iiienf  of  the  school  teachers,  who  should  hold  certiticates  showing  their 
(pialilicati(»n  to  teach,  at  least,  the  iniinary  branches  in  eur  common 
schools. 

In  relation  to  the  condition  of  the  seal  rookeries  and  hauling  grounds 
of  this  island,  1  do  not  feel  called  upon  to  go  into  details  in  view  of  the 
full  and  exhaustive  manner  in  which  the  subject  is  treated  in  your 
report  of  this  year;  and  also  in  view  of  the  forthcor.iiiii;-  rejtort  of  Trof. 
II.  VV.  Klliott,  who  was  sent  by  the  l)ep;irtment  especially  to  examine 
and  '  ;)ort  upon  the  condition  of  seal  life  on  this  a.nd  the  island  of  St. 
(i(  orge. 

Itiit  1  desire  to  add  my  testimony  t  )  that  of  my  associates  as  to  the 
dejtlorable  condition  of  the  seal  grounds  upon  this  island.  The  large 
grass  grown  areasof  these  grounds,  until  ai  comi)arativeiy  recent  i)eii(ul 
occupied  en  masse  by  seals  to  be  numbeied  by  the  mirion,  and  now 
wholly  deserte<l:  the  driving  and  redriviiig  from  all  of  the  hauiing 
grounds  on  this  island  by  the  lessees,  during  the  present  season,  in 
their  efforts  to  obtain  their  ipiota.  aud  the  meager  lesults  attained,  tell 


'2(;n 


ALASKA    INDUSTKIES. 


ill  Htidii^X'T  Inii;;iiant'  tliaii   I   »r;iii  «'(tiiiiiiiiii«l  tlu'  sad  story  of  the  very 
ii(>:ii  approacli  to  tlu'  ciilirc  <l(slni<;tioii  of  seal  lilc  ii|i(iii  tliis  island. 

If  is  iianlly  worth  whih'  lor  iiic  to  attcmiit  to  tin'oii/«'  as  to  tiic  prot)- 
ablo  cause  oT  the  (uiKlitioii  of  atVaii-.  I  dct'iii  it  siinicioiit  lor  meat 
this  tiiiic  to  ciiirohoratc  and,  it'  possil)h',  to  einphasi/c  what  you  say  in 
your  nwn  lepoif  as  to  tlic  past,  ]in'si'nl,  and  the  throateiicd  lutUK! 
condition  of  seal  hfe  up<iii  these  islands. 

The  present  deiileted  condition  of  the  seal  rookeries  on  this  island 
mtjently  calls  for  prompt  action  by  the  (ioveninient  to  save  tiiis 
'inpoi'taiit  indiistr\  t'lniii  iiiiinediate  and  complete  destruction. 

I  iicaitily  <'iiiciir  with  your  views  expressed  in  your  annual  rejiort 
of  ISS'J  ill  K  ,ard  to  the  Uilliiiji  of  ]iiip  seals  for  natives'  food.  The 
skins  of  tliesi'  pup  seals  belonj,'  to  the  natives,  to  be  disposed  of  by  them 
as  they  choose,  the  only  restiiclii  a  imposed  bein^j  that  they  shall  not 
be  exchaiiucd  for  contraband  poods.  I  desire.  lliroiij,'h  yon,  to  call  the 
attention  of  the  I  )epartiii<'Mt  to  ihe  fact  that  tiiesc  ]iii]>  seal  skins,  beinf>: 
l.ir;iely  held  by  the  niiti\('s  for  the  i»iirpose  of  barter  lor  spirituous 
li(piors  with  the  seamen  of  any  craft  that  may  anchor  in  the  e  waters, 
are  a  source  of  evil,  and  only  evil,  to  the  natives.  In  view  of  this  fact, 
and  also  in  view  of  the  furtlier  fact  that  the  seal  life  on  this  island  is 
rai)idly  approaching'  "\tinctioii.  I  respectfully  sufif^est  that  the  best 
interests  ol  till' natives  and  the  liest  interests  of  the  ({oveinment  will 
be  most  etVectnally  ser\  ed  by  prohil)itinjj  the  killin^r  in  the  future  of 
any  pup  seals  tor  native  food. 

Some  more  economical  substitute  can.  in  my  judfrmeiit.  lie  readily 
sui)plied. 

1  am.  very  resjjeitfully, 

S.    H.   NlCTTLF/roN, 
Assistdiit  Tri'usuiy  Atjent. 

OnAin.Kis  .1.  <;()i'i',  lisr 

I  nitvd  Sliitvr  A'jiiit,  in  vlnirtjr  ol'  Seitl  J.sUmds. 


Ik'rporls  itf  Spvcial  Ativiils  WiUiinntt,  Miiridi/,  l,<n-iH(Ur,  ttml  ./.  Sldiilri/- 
hrairn /or  JSHI  (tii<l  />.'^.'.  n/H-irlrd  Irinii  Sniiitr  /•.'./•.  />or,  I(i7.  Fifty- 
Hicond  Con(jri'SN,  stroml  mssioti. 

1H<)1. 

LETTKU    (»»•"   INSTIM  <"I1(IN    To   SI'KCIAI.    AUK.N'I     WIM.IA.MS, 


May 


1«!»1. 


Sir:  Having  brcii  iij)|>()iiit(Ml  us  Treasury  ajjciil  in  cliarfic  at  tlicscal 
islands,  yctn  arc  instiMU'tt'd  to  sccuro  by  ])fi>niial  application  at  tlic 
Deiiaitnit'iif  and  Irom  otlicr  sources,  and  in  siidi  mann"''  as  yon  nniy 
deem  proper,  as  i\\l\  information  as  is  practicable  on  tlic subject  of  your 
(hities. 

You  are  letpiired  to  teave  Wasbiiifjton  in  time  to  reach  !San  Fran- 
cisco, to  proKM'il  on  tlie  f  nited  States  revenue  cutter  li'iisli,  wliicli  has 
orders  to  sail  on  the  L'Tili  of  May  tor  tlie  islands  of  St.  I'aiil  and  St. 
Geor;;e.  Mr.  Ncttlcton.  one  of  tiu'  Tr«'asury  a}j;ents  Ibr  tiie  islands, 
came  down  hist  tall  after  tiie  season's  work  was  over,  ami  will  return 
with  yon  on  the  cutter.  lie  will  be  accunnpanied  by  .Mrs.  Nyttleton, 
who  {ioes  to  teach  the  s(diool  npon  the  island  where  licr  husl.aiid  may 
be  stationed. 

\']Hn\  arriving  at  the  island,  ytm  will  at  oih'c  assume  charge  of  the 
interests  and  ])roperty  of  the  (iovtMiiment.  and  sec  to  it  that  your 
authority  is  respected  in  all  (piartcrs. 

You  will  jilac  Mr.  Murray  in  charjzc  at  St.  (leorj^e,  and  send  one  of 
the  a^iciits  to  aid  him.  the  other  reinainin;;-  to  assist  yon.  In  no  ex'^nt 
should  either  of  the  islands  be  left  without  a  Treasury  aj-ent  uimn  th;  ni. 

It  will  be  your  duty  to  see  that  the  lessees  of  the  islands  an-  p<  I 
niitfed  to  take  the  quota  of  skins  allowed  them  tor  the  present  year  if 
male  seal  of  the  jiroper  size  come  upon  tin'  rookeries  in  sutlieient  iium 
bers  to  enable  them  to  do  so  without  causin<j  permanent  injury  to  the 
herds,  and  to  secure  to  the  natives  all  the  comforts  ami  ji.ivilcfjes  to 
which  they  are  entitled  under  the  provisions  of  the  lease.  The  per- 
Itetnation  of  seal  life  is  the  paramount  interest  of  the  Government  and 
of  all  concerned. 

The  catch  to  be  taken  dnrinjj  the  season  of  ISyi  is  hereby  fixed  at 
(!0,()()0,  and  the  standard  or  ininimnm  weight  of  ^kin  is  placed  at  5 
l)ounda. 

The  killing  season  will  bcffiu  as  soon  after  your  arrival  as  in  your 
iiid}j:mcnt  the  rookeries  are  in  the  projier  condition  for  drivinjf,  and  the 
time  tor  takinj;'  seal  is  leftentirely  to  .\  our  disiretioi.,  with  the  exce]>ti(m 
that  no  seal  are  to  be  taken  duiinj;  the  stagey  period,  which  is  under- 
stood to  embrace  rhe  time  between  the  KUh  of  August  and  the  3Uth  of 
Sejitember.  You  should,  however,  have  no  dilliculty  in  determining 
this,  as  the  uatives  an;  well  informed  as  to  the  peculiarities  of  seal  life; 

267 


208 


ALAfAKA    INDI'HTRIES. 


and  a«  tint  skifiH  arr  uiih-Ii  I«'ss  valiiiihle  when  takni  (liiriii}^  tin-  pK.-esH 
<»r  tlic  kIumMjii^  of  i\n-  liair,  tlm  (u)iii]>aiiy  will  not  wish  to  st'cnir  tli«'iii 
ill  this  condiliuit. 

If  the  wal  arn  i>r»'Xfiit.  of  proiwr  size  and  in  sucli  nunihcrs  iis  to  piT 
init,  without  \utniiHiH'ii\"  itijuiy  to  the  ht'id,  tlic  coinpiiny's  taking'  tin* 
"catcli"  ais  htali'd,  >oii  will  allow  them  to  do  so.  and  yon  arc  to  use 
your  l)*'st  jiidj4(i(i'i(t,  in  (U!t«Tiriiniii),'  wlu'n  tlit!  season  will  (•h)s('.  .Should 
tlu'  ina.xiiniirii  iMimlMT  for  th«  year  not  !)«  secured  lieforc  tiie  stafrey 
l)eriod  liey:in«,  and  Jfi  your  opinion  seal  of  ])roper  size  can  he  taken 
alter  it  in  over  without  harm  to  tlie  rookeries,  you  are  authorized  to 
])erinit  the  coiupany  to  rcHiiuie  killiny;  with  a  view  to  liliiiiff  thci  (piota, 
Tiie  catch  of  'iO.lNMt,  or  hui-Ii  IcHHcr  nuuilier  as  may  be  taken,  hIiimiM  l>e 
ap|t<irlioned  Uelwi'cn  the  twr»  islands.  The  ori;iinal  law  mentioned 
75,000  tor  Ht,  I'aid  and  l.'."»,(MK)  for  .St.  (Jeoi-ffe;  later  chaufjetl  by  order 
of  the  Hecietarv  of  the  Treasury  to  H"..0((0  for  St.  Paul  and  la',000  for 
St.  (ieort,'e,  ami  yon  «iay  follow  this  ratio  or  ehaufje  it  as  the  circnm- 
stances  may  re<|iiiie,  taking?  care  that  in  any  event  not  more  than  irj,(K)0 
are  killed  upon  the  Island  of  Sr.  <lcor}ie. 

The  J)e|tarliii<-iit  denircM  yon  to  make  careful  daily  examination  <lur- 
iup  tlie  sealint;  H4",imtu  an  to  the  habits,  numbers,  and  crunlitions  of  the 
seal  and  seal  lookericM,  with  n  view  to  rei)orting  from  your  observation 
and  snih  knowledj^c  on  the  subject  as  you  may  have  whether,  in  yny 
ojunion,  the  wal  are  diujinishinfTi  i'>nl)  if  «»,  the  causes  therefor,  ("om 
ments  upon  any  other  matters  of  intei«'st  ])<'rtinent  in  tliis  ((uinectioii 
which  you  may  think  proper  to  make  will  not  be  out  of  i)la<'e. 

'I'he  care  and  uellare  of  the  natives  are  nnitters  which  should  re- 
ceive your  careful  attention,  and  amoiifj  your  U'ost  important  dnlies 
is  the  insisten«'e  that  the  North  American  Commercial  Comi»any  shall 
fullill  all  the  obliyations  of  their  lease  toward  these  peojile.  The 
(lovernment  maiiitaitiH  a  prote(!torate  over  tliem,  and  tliey  look  to  its 
ayents  to  seelhut  their  emjdoyers,  the  les.sees,  carry  out  in  jjood  faith  all 
that  they  proiidiM;,  It  will  be  within  your  province  to  learn  the  prices 
ehar^ed  at  the  company's  Hloresand  tocomi)are  them  witii  the  juices  at 
San  I'ranciisco,  and  Ut  report  to  the  l)ej)artment  whether  the  natives 
are  (rharjjed  more  than  a  fair  sum  for  the  articles  sold  them.  The  sup 
])lies  provided  Hlionid  also  be  inspe(;ted  as  to  (|nality  and  i|uantity,  and 
if  deticient,  notice  of  the  faet  should  be  sent  to  the  Department.  The 
instiuctioiis  of  llie  ajjent  last  year  were  sucli  that  lu-  felt  comi>elied  to 
stop  tin  killing  when  the  comj)any  liad  taken  butl.M,(>(H)  skins,  and  it 
is  not  believe<l  thai  the  money  earned  by  the  natives  in  Uillinfi  this 
number  oi  seal  was  Kuflicient  to  ])rovide  them  with  the  amount  of  food 
re(|uired.  above  what  is  Curnislied  by  the  company  under  its  lease,  and 
to  buy  the  neeenxary  elothiiiff  whieli  they  need  in  atldition  to  that  which 
they  make  (rojii  MkiiiH,  In  view  of  the  increased  market  value  of  the 
skins  since  the  leaw;  to  the  jtresent  company  an<l  the  larpe  ja'r  <ent  of 
profit  derived,  toj^efher  witli  the  reduced  "catcli,"  whi(!li  lessens  the 
opportunity  for  tfiruiiin  »'nouf;h  for  their  subsistence,  it  lias  been  deter- 
mined by  the  Department,  and  is  hereby  ordered,  that  the  comijcnsa 
tion  to  be  ])ai<l  to  the  natives  for  killin},^  salting,  curinfj:,  and  loading 
tiie  seal  skiiiH  on  hoard  the  North  American  Commercial  Comjjany'B 
steamer  shall  be '/Ocentn  toreacli  skin,  forthe  year  endiufi' A]iril.'50, 18!»2, 

IJefon*  leavijiff  the,  Lnlands  you  will  divide  the  total  earnings  of  the 
natives  for  the  M-aHon's  "-atcir'  amonpthem  according  to  theirrespee 
tive  classifieatiouM,  and  make  a  repoi  t  of  such  division,  sliowing  the 
amouut  apiKirtUiii<:<'  to  each  native  partici])ating  in  the  coxaiuiuiity  fund, 


-v'^S'^ 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


269 


traiisinitting  with  your  report  to  tliis  Dopartinent  <*opy  to  1ki  fiiniishud 
yon  l»y  tlic,  Icsscps. 

'I'lic  Dt'piirtiiu'iit  desires  you  to  take  an  aceoiiiitiii),'  cf  ail  tlie  ])rovi 
sioiis  I'liriiislied  l)y  tiiecoiniwiiiy  (otlier  tiiaii  w  liat  issjiccitit'd  in  tiio  lease) 
to  tlie  natives  diirin;^  the  ])ast  winter  antl  sprin},',  tor  wliidi  tiiey  were 
nnablo  to  pay,  witli  a.  view  to  niaiiinji  some  ecpiitaiile  settlement  of'tlie 
matter.  It  has  been  represented  to  the  !>e|)artnient  that  the  eoriipaiiy 
li;is  shown  a  disinelination  to  provide  uratnitonsjy  for  the  widows  and 
tlieir  (diihlren,  the  old  and  f'eehle  anion;',  the  iidialtitaiits,  thosit  wlioliy 
n  ison  ot  a^M>,  or  inllrniily  are  nnahh^  to  work.  The  provisions  ot  the 
lease  in  this  re^^ard  are  clear  and  e\pli<-.il.  and  retpure  th(>  coiniiany  t(» 
take  care  of  this  class  of  jieojile,  ami  yon  will  im])ress  upon  the  com- 
pany's a^'ents  the  fact  that  this  is  as  mueh  a  part  of  their  contract  as 
is  the  takinj;  of  seals. 

It  is  believed  that  tin;  practice  of  killiiifj  i»np  seal  for  food  for  the 
natives  should  cease.  The  .h-sh  of  the  larger  seal  is  said  to  be  (piile 
palatable  and  ecpially  {jood  for  food.  The  hi  "  gives  the  natives  tlie 
privilej-o  of  killiiij;  such  yoiiuf,'  seal  as  may  be  necessary  for  their  own 
food  and  clothing;,  but  provides  that  such  killing  thall  be  limited  and 
controlled  by  siurh  rc{,'ulatioiis  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury.  The  skins  of  the  pup  seal  are  not  used  for  clothing 
and  are  of  little  value.  Von  are  instructed  to  in;'.ke  investigation  as 
to  the  expediency  and  advisability  of  i)r')hi])iting  the  killing,  for  any 
jmrposes,  of  seal  (excejit  in  special  instances  to  jirovide  clothing  for 
the  iidiabitants),  the  skins  of  which  will  not  be  accejitcd  by  the  eoiii- 
jia'iy  on  their  (piota.  Kvcry  little  seal  that  the  natives  take,  if  not 
killed,  would  have  the  same  chance  as  the  rest  lo  return  the  following 
year,  ami  in  time  become  a  .source  of  revenue  to  the  (lovernment..  You 
are  authorized  to  take  any  steps  which  your  judgment  may  dictate  to 
carry  out  in  whole  or  in  i)art  the  suggestions  herein  advanced. 

Yon  will  also  use  whatever  endeavor  is  possible  by  making  known 
more  generally  the  hu"  (Ui  the  suiiject,  to  prevent  the  killing  of  seal  on 
t\w  shores  and  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Ah  utian  chain  of  islands.  The 
natives  there  have  iietitioned  the  department  to  jiermit  them  to  take 
sullicient  seal  to  furnisii  food  and  clothing  for  themselves  and  their 
families,  but  the  law  is  imperative  and  limits  to  the  IMibiloi  group  of 
islands  the  jiower  <d"  the  Secretary  to  authorize  the  taking  or  seal. 

The  question  of  the  depopuUition  of  the  ihiands  of  St.  I'aul  and 
»St.  (ieorg»(  is  a  serious  one  and  demands  attention.  Through  s<»me 
false  notions,  said  to  have  be«'n  inculcated  among  the  natives  bv  'lo 
church  authorities  on  the  islands,  they  are  not  permitted  to  inten  a.,  y 
if  there  is  between  them  the  remotest  degree  of  consan';i!'uii  > . 'i.  d 
even  the  relation  of  godfather  or  go<lmother  is  held  t»/  bo  si  'tie  f  m 
l»revent  a  union.  As  the  regulations  prevent  any  male  persoi  trvm 
going  to  the  islands  to  reside  periiumently,  tliere  is  a  dearth  of  y  .;ng 
men,  iuul  the  young  w'omen  are  more  apt  to  tiiid  husbands  elsewhere. 
The  number  of  natives  on  the  islands  is  gradually  diminished  and  <'ach 
year  laborers  are  taken  there  for  the  season  from  Unalaska  and  icin- 
ity.  It  is  iMiderstood  that  residence  u])oii  the  Pribalof  grnoj)  of  islands 
is  considered  by  the  Aleuts  to  be  very  desirable  and  to  insure  a  coiu- 
jiaratively  comfortable  existence,  which  they  do  not  always  have  in 
other  parts  of  Alaska.  You  w  11.  tltm-efore,  take  iitto  conw<lerati«Mi  the 
l)ropositi(m  to  recruit  tfae  permaneni  inhabitants  of  the  islands  of  St. 
Paul  and  St.  George  by  jdaciiig  tijion  them  ocxt  year  a  sn-all  nnnibpr 
(ten  or  twenty)  of  young  men,  or  transferring  to  these  ;>ij..'iUs  several 


270 


ALASKA    INDl'STRIES. 


fiitir  lioR  in  which  are  a  miinbcr  of  ytmiiji:  iihmi.  It  is  tl»nn{jlir  that  there 
will  !»•'  no  troubh^  in  lindinj;'  snitiihU'  jxTsons  willing'  to  an  there,  and  it 
iMiiy  be  well  to  canvass  thti  inattci'  ainon;;  llic  jM'opIc  now  livinj;  npon 
t  he  islanils  and  devise  some  wii>'  of  nciUin;;  t  lie  select  ion,  Car(^  Hlionid 
of  coiii'.H(t  be  taken  not  to  add  to  the  iiiiniber  of  sick  oi'  inlTini  iiersoti^v 
already  there,  but  tiie  brin<;in^  of  men  fiom  llie  Aleutian  eliiiiii  to 
remain  for  tlu;  season  only  lias  a  dciuurali/in;;  etVecl,  itotli  upon  them 
and  upon  the  |)vrmanent  residt-nis  of  the  islands. 

Inclosed  are  copies  of  the  lease  and  hnvs  under  which  it  was  ina(b>. 
and  you  are  empowered  to  miike  any  additions  to  the  ref,'ulatioMs 
alieady  in  force  as  imiy  be  necessary  foi'  the  f,niidiince  of  the  otiiccrs  of 
the  l)c|)artmeiil,  the  company's  a;rents,  and  tlio  natives,  in  the  j.;overn- 
meiit  of  the  islands. 

The  (lovernment's  agents  shouhl  be  as  free  as  possible  from  depend- 
eiu-e  in  any  way  ui)on  tiie  fiivor  of  tlio  lessees,  sind  to  lliis  end,  where 
possible,  they  should  live  in  the  houses  provided  fortiieni.  The  at^n-nts, 
when  married  men, should  beeiicoin  aj,n'd  to  take  ,|ieir  wives  with  them 
ami  to  provide  themselves  as  far  as  jxissihle  with  facilities  for  keepiiif; 
house,  'I'hi.  would  tend  to  a  better  static  of  disci|)liiu^  on  the  islands 
and  olVer  more  wholesome  examples  in  the  way  of  eivilizatidii  !o  the 
inhabitants, 

Mrs.  Nettleton  will  accompany  her  husband,  and  you  are  liereby 
direc^led  to  place  her  in  char},^'  of  one  of  the  sclnxds,  and  to  letermiiie 
with  the  company  a  fair  eompensation  foi'  her  services,  which  will  be 
paid  by  them  in  ac(!ordaIlc«^  with  the  terms  (d' their  lease,  'j'he  schools 
will  be  maintained  from  Scptt-mber  1  to  .May.'}!,  and  be  o|ten  live  daj'S 
in  the  week,  Saturday  beinjf  rcf^arded  as  a  day  of  rest  Ibr  I  he  teacher 
and  recreation  for  the  childien.  It  will  be  the  ])rincipal  dutyof  tlu^ 
teacher  t(»  instruct  the  children  in  acipiirinj;  a  knowledge  ol' the  i'liifjlish 
lan;,Mia<,'e.  Russian  is  not  to  be  tau;;lit  in  the  schools,  and  th(!  ehureli 
oHicers  must  be  restrained  from  interfering  with  the  children  inaccpiir 
injj;  a  knowledfje  of  En^^Iish,  and  should  be  advised  that  they  will  only 
do  harm  if  they  attempi  to  thwart  the  jturpose  of  tli<^  (Jovernment  in 
iiavinfi  the  children  educated  in  the  lani^iiaj^e  of  their  country. 

The  Noith  Annrican  ('ommercial  Company,  under  their  hjase,  have 
the  e\(!lHsive  i)rivile}ie  to  trade  in  seal  skins  on  the  islands  of  8t.  Panl 
and  St.  (Icor^c,  and  it  is  believed  that  the  best  interests  of  the  natives 
will  be  sid)scrved  by  excludLiij;'  all  traders  from  the  islands.  Yon  will, 
therelbre,  regard  it  a  s])ecial  duty  to  see  that  fair  i>ri(!es  are  ])aid  for 
all  fur  skins  disposed  of  by  the  mitives  to  the  company. 

Von  will,  duriufj  the  kiilini;  season,  i)ersonally  superintend  on  t)ie 
{^rounds,  and  while  tli(!  lessees  will  have  control  and  direction  of  the 
native  labor  while  driving  and  kiliini;-,  yi  t  it  nnist  be  reuu'mbered  by 
all  on  the  islands  that  you  are  the  olliccr  in  chari^e,  and  if  you  discover 
any  faidty  methods,  or  can  siififjestany  chanj;es  for  the  better,  ])ronipted 
by  humane  or  other  considerations,  you  should  not  l  'sitate  to  direct 
such  changes  to  be  made,  and  the  company's  representatives  are  ex- 
pected to  carry  out  your  suggestions  in  goocl  faith  and  spirit. 

You  will  endeavor  to  secure  the  good  will  and  conlidencc^  of  the  mitive 
inhabitants  of  the  islands,  and  advi>e  them,  whenevei'  practicable,  of 
their  rights  and  duties  as  American  citizens,  and  by  |)roper  mi'aiis  try 
to  increase  their  fruiudship  for  the  Government  and  the  peo])le  of  the 
(Jnited  States, 

It  is  desired  that  you  make  a  thorough  examination  of  the  houses  of 
the  natives,  and  insist  that  the  company  shall  make  such  rejtairs  as  are 
needed  to  render  them  comfortable.    The  question  of  an   insutticieut 


ALASKA    INDUSTWIES. 


2.1 


iminhor  of  houscR  (Vir  tlio,  natives  is  one  of  iniportajirf«  and  upon  wliicli 
intnrmatitth  is  icijiiircd ;  sii;;;;csti(iiis  aic  al-o  invited  as  to  ini|)i(>\(' 
iiienls  wliicli  ran  and  sliuiild  l>e  made  1>y  \Uv,  mnijiany  tu  mainlain  itntl 
insure  tiie  iieallii  of  (lie  iniialiitants.  Iiy;:ieiin'  and  saniliiiy  eoiidi- 
lions  should  be  looked  into  and  reeoniinendations  nia<ie.  Voii  will  use 
every  endeavor  and  take,  all  necessaiy  piecaufion  to  seenie  (lie  inler 
ests  of  the  (l(»veiiiineia  and  oi  the  inlialiitant-^  i>l'  the  islands.  :ind,  at 
the  siHtK^  time,  to  jiroteel  the  lessees  in  the  en,|oynu'n(  of  all  the  lijihts 
and  ]ii'ivile);es  ^lante*!  to  them  iindei'  the  lease. 

In  ease  of  any  dilfei'enee  or  dispute  lietweeii  the  mitives  and  the 
afit^nts  ol  the  lessee.-,  in  referenee  to  any  mutter  whatsoever,  yon  will 
adjust  it  in  a  fair  and  impartial  mannei,  and  hoth  )>arties  must  abide 
by  your  deeiHi.)n. 

When  tlie  sealing  season  is  over  yon  will  return  to  San  Francisco  on 
one  (d'  the  liiited  Stales  revenue  eutters.  if  praetirable.  atid  come  at 
once  to  Wasliirifjton  to  siduiut  your  report.  l'>efore  leavinj;'  tin;  ishiinls 
you  will  arraii;;e  to  have  a  Treasury  ayciil  remain  on  each  of  them  diir- 
iii^i  the  winter. 

These  instructions  apply  to  Itoth  islands,  an<l  acopyshonld  be  given 
the  anient  in  charge  of  St.  (leorjic  for  his  guidance  there, 
liespect fully,  yours, 

CllAULKS    FdSTKK, 

iSirnt  ((>■}/. 

Maj.  \y.  U.  Williams, 

Speciiil  Trnisiiri/  A  (/ml. 

Care  of  lit'vcuue  Cuttrr  h'unli 


Annual  Report  of  Speeial  Aijenl   WllliitDis.fnr  1S!)1. 

Wa.sI11N(JTi)N,  1>.  ('.,  Deccmher  .!.  Ism. 

SlU:  In  imrsuance  ol' instructions  contained  in  Department's  trie- 
gram  of  May  I'T,  l.s'.M,  1  left  San  Kraiu'isco  on  that  date  on  the  revenue 
cutter  Rush,  arrived  at  St.  I'aul,  Alaska,  on  the  evening  id'  June  lb, 
and  at  once  assunu'd  the  duties  a-sij;ned  inc.  I  found  Assistant'Agent 
.losepli  Muiray  in  charge  at  St.  I'anl,  and  Assistant  Agent  A.  \V. 
Lavender  in  charge  at  St.  (leorge  Island,  and  as  both  preferred  to  liyve 
their  olbcial  stations  remain  as  they  were,  it  was  so  arranged.  Assist- 
ant Agent  S.  J^.  Nettleton  rcnuiined  on  St.  Paul  until  the  last  of  .Iidy 
and  was  then  assigned  to  St.  (.leorge  to  assist  Agent  Lavender  and  co 
take  charge  on  that  island  about  Seiitembei  1,  at  which  time  Agent 
Lavender  had  iiermission  to  luoceed  to  San  Francisco. 

Treasury  lnsi)e(dor  Milton  Jiarnes  was  assigned  to  assist  Agent 
Murray  on  St.  i'aul  Island,  and  to  take  charge  of  the  (Jovernment 
interests  and  relieve  Agent  Murray  Septend)er  1,  the  latter  having 
l)ermission  to  return  to  San  F'rancisco  at  that  time.  Agent  Kettletoi. 
is  accompanied  by  Mrs.  Nettleton,  who  will  teach  school  on  St.  (ieorg*' 
Island,  her  compensation  to  be  determined  at  close  of  school  year,  and 
after  consultation  with  the  ju'esident  of  the  North  Ameiican  Commer- 
cial Comininy,  Mr.  Sinu'on  MelivedolV,  a  native  sealer  has  been  placed 
in  charge  of  the  scduxds  on  St.  Paul  Island  by  the  lessees.  His  com- 
pensation, 1  understand,  has  been  lixed  at  ■•'oO  per  month. 

The  lessees  were  piohibitcd  from  killing  seals  for  the  season  of  1S!)0 
after  July  liU.    The  lirst  killing  lor  fooil  after  that  date  was  made  by 


27i 


ALASKA    INDIMTUIKS. 


iiio  iijitivoH  July 'J8,  and  IVoiii  Unit  liiiic  f<»  DccfiiilHT  .'M,  IHiM),  tlioro 
wt'if  kill'd  Inr  1(1(1(1  l)y  tin-  iiulivcs  J,',:>U  hciils;  tlic  skins  (if  IO(i  were 
sinull  aiitl  stit;;(  y  iiinl  were  (;iv«-ii  to  the  iiiitivi-s,  a  lid  tli*i  ifiiiaiiiiii^'  l.',*iM 
(I.L'31  (if  \vlii(  li  wjTt' Htaj,'t'y)  were  jtlacnl  in  tliusalt  Ikmimch  l»y  tins  (lov- 
cninu'iit  :ij;('iil,s. 

Irofii  .l;iimaiy  1  to  May  I,  ISill.  no  scalH  were  on  fin'  islands,  lienc*' 
iMMif  were  tid<«'n.  I'toni  .May  I  to.lniic  10.  Ihdl,  the  latter  hcinf,'  tlic 
date  of  ni,\  ariival  at  the  islands,  tlicic  were  l,<»ol  sciiis  kdled  liy  lli«* 
natives  foi'  food,  making;  a  total  of  I, -'!).'»  si  als  killed  for  that  |iur|>ose, 
the  skins  of  which  were  in  the  salt  Imnses  on  my  arrival.  'I'lie  fore- 
{•oin;;  nnnilier  includes  al)out  ."»(»  skins,  mostly  reje<!ted,  from  former 
year's  catch,  and  117  skins  taken  fioin  cow  seals  killed  on  the  island  of 
St.  (leorne  in  Septeinlier,  1  "^IM),  l>y  raiders,  who  were  driven  olf  hcfore 
tliey  had  secnred  t  lieir  plunder,  but  does  not  include  .{,  Ki.S  small  piip 
seals  killed  l»y  the  iiativ<'s  in  Novendter  and  l>eceinl,>er  of  last  year, 
the  skins  of  which  were  used  b'v  them  for  idol  hint,'  i"'d  other  purposes. 

On  the  nioridn^r  of  June  11,  ISiH,  I  ^Mve  periidssion  t(»  the  lessees  to 
eomrnence  killinj^-  on  a  ([liota  of  7,r)(M>,  as  directed  ili  Department  tel«- 
t,'rain  of  May  -7.     (lOxhilnt  A.) 

Fioin  .lune  11  to  June  \'>,  L'.'.L'O  seals  woie  killed  by  the  leHseoH  a''  i 
])art  ol'  their  (iuota(d'  7,0(1(1.  and  the  skins  were  place(l  in  th«  salt  houses. 
The  ■l,'2'X>  seals  killed  for  food  by  the  natives,  together  with  tlu^  1,',!IJ(> 
Heals  al)ove  referred  to,  nnide  a  total  of  7,L*ir>  seals  killed  prior  to  .luno 
ir>,  ISill. 

The  i'resident's  juoelamation  of  (lie  modus  viv»'iidi,  dated  .Mine  15, 
IHlll  (I'.xhibit  It),  was  received  on  .St.  i'anl  Islaial  July  -  and  on  St. 
lieorgt^  Julys.  From  .June  ).">  to  those  dates  1,171  seals  were  killed 
by  the  lessees  as  a  |iart<d'  the  7,r>(M»  (piota  allowed  them  by  I)epartnn-nt 
instrnetionsof  May'J7.  A  Iter  careful  consideration  of  the  modus  vivendi 
by  myself  and  the  other  ajiCMts,  it  was  deterndiied  'hat  the  1,171  seals 
killed  after  June  15  slionld  be  deducted  from  the  7, ">(»()  Hpeeilicd  in 
Article  II  of  tlie  Intermitioiial  Aj^reement,  thus  leavin;,'  ;{,(»'_'!>  seals  to 
betaken  for  the  "subsistence and  caieof  the  natives"'  from  .Inly  li,  IS<»1, 
to  May  1, 1"!*!'.  I  fouiul  it  necessary  to  kill  l,7i)(iof  this  latter  nund»er 
for  food  piior  to  An;;ust  11.  A  portion  of  the  nn-at  was  salted  by  the 
natives  for  use  during  tlie  8ta;roy  season,  which  is  iisnaliy  from  Aut,Mist 
10  to  about  Novend)er  1,  duriufi'  wlu(!h  time  the  skins  aic  iinmer<!hant- 
able,  on  account  of  the  seals  shedding'  their  hair.  I'nder  the  m(»(liis 
vi,vvndi  this  left  l,l.';!,'5  seals  upon  which  to  nndntain  tlie  natives  until 
Ma>  next,  a  number  nuicli  too  small  lor  tliat  jtuipose,  and  1  was  com- 
pelle<l  to  ask  tlie  North  American  Commercial  Company  to  brinjj  salt 
beef  to  tlie  islands  for  issue  to  tiie  natives. 

Daily  statements  of  the  killiiit;df  fur  seal-  on  the  islands  of  St.  Paul 
and  St.  Geci'fio  from  July  L'8,  1S1I(»,  to  August  II,  I«iM,are  herewith 
inclosed.     (Hxhibits  C  and  D.) 

The  lessees  by  actual  c(uiiit  removed  from  the  islands  this  year  12,1^51 
prime  skins,  on  which  they  should  ])ay  the  (lovernmcnt  tax,  also  1,:J.'{1 
stagey  skins,  which  are  subject  to  settlement  herealter  as  indicated  in 
Deiiaitllti'Ut  telegram  ol  May  21  to  me  Jxhibit  K),  making  a  total  of 
13,4^2  skins.  (Exhibits  F  and  (i.)  Theaboxe  does  not  in.cliide  one 
old  bull  and  one  medium  sized  bull  taken  by  the  agent  "f  tlui  Smith- 
sonian Institution  to  be  used  as  sp<'ciineuH  at  the  Columbian  Fxpo-.i- 
tion  atClii(;agt),  one  large  bachelor  sea!  taken  fo\  (he  National  Miis<  uni 
at  Vii'toria,  and  two  live  specimens  presented  to  the  /.oiJogical  ganieus 
in  aat\  Francisco  by  the  lessees. 

TUe  lirst  ajupeaiauce  this  year  of  bulls  on  the  rookeries  Wiis  .May  1, 


ALASKA    INDI'STRIKS*. 


273 


cowH  iIuiK'  10,  pii|).s  .liiii«>  I'!.  Till-  iTconls  for  tlio  last  twenty  yours 
sliow  iliul  tli«^  llr>l  Imlls  ii|i|M'iif  n|Hiii  tin-  rrMikciics  Cioiii  Ajiril  Jfito 
Miiv  IT,  lir.st  cows  Miiy  "Jl  to  .liiiif  Id,  mid  (ii>t  |mi|>s  May  .tl  to.liiiiK 
!,'."».  Tilt'  cows  this  year  came  vciy  slowly  upon  tlic  rookeries  until  tlui 
evening,'  ot'.lnne  L'T.  ami  I'lom  that  lime  until  .Inly  \'<  tliey  came  in  miuli 
greater  nnmhers.  A  lew  anivetl  as  late  as  .Inly  '_'(».  In  nearly  ev«'ry 
instance  tlicy  ;;ave  hirtli  to  tlieir  yonn;;  soon  alter  ai  livul.  The  liarems 
eomnieiiceil  to  lose  their  eompait  t'orni  ai)otit  'hlly  IH,  and  to  lireak  up 
a  lew  days  later,  so  that,  liy  Au;,Mist  1  rows,  |iiipH,  antl  liaclielms  wert? 
!nin;:liii;{  to(;etlier.  and  it  was  alioiit  this  time  tliat  we  fust  noticed  tliu 
yoUMi;'  cows  on  t  he  rookci  ics  in  any  conNidcralile  numliers. 

The  haliits,  niiinliers,  and  (ondition  ol  the  seals,  the  perpetuation  of 
soal  life,  and  the  causes  which  have  led  to  tlio  depletetl  static  of  tlin 
niokeri«-s  and  haiilin;;  ki'oo'xI'^  iii't^  sultjects  to  which  1  have  ^Mveii  par- 
ticular attention. 

The  I'riliilof  l>laiids,  isolated  in  the  midst  of  tlu^  waters  of  the  IJer- 
in^;  Sea,  ajipear  to  lie  especially  adapted  hy  situation  and  climatic 
Hurroundin^s  to  lie  the  imtiiral  liome  of  the  fur  seals,  which,  with  an 
instinct  bordering;  <in  inlelli;.'ence.  Ireiiuent  this  locality  where  they 
nuiy  lie  free  from  the  disiiii  liiiii;  inlluences  of  human  eivili/ation,  and 
it  would  seem  that  too  muth  care  can  not  lie  taken  that  they  lie  not 
uniiecessarilx  di.sturlied  or  driven  Irom  tlicii  lireedin;,^  (grounds.  It  was 
in  relalidii  to  this  latter  point  that  I  directed  carefid  examinations  of 
the  rookeries  and  "hauling"  f,M(iunds  to  he  made  at  intervals diiriiii;  the 
past  season  liy  the  assistant  special  agents  on  the  islands,  with  a  view 
to  learn,  if  jiossible,  whetlier  the  seals  were  decreasiuf;  ami,  if  so,  the 
causes  theicot'. 

On  c<impariii}i'  their  notes  at  the  end  of  the  season  I  found  thai  they 
all  aj^iecd  that  llu^  seals  were  decreasing  very  rapidly  and  that  tlu! 
cause  of  the  deciease  was  ]iela;:ic,  or  de»'p  sea.  hunlinfi.  I  am  con- 
viiu'e<l  that  the  conclusion  arrived  at  is  the  correct  one,  and  any  atteiiij)t 
to  make  it  appear  to  lie  due  to  other  <'auses  is  not  warranted  liy  the 
facts.  That  the  seals  are  not  so  numeioiis  as  foiinerly  is  evident  to 
all  who  view  the  rookeries  and  *•  haulinji"  ;;iouiids  now  vacant,  and 
which  in  yeais  jiast  were  covered  by  vast  herds  of  seals.  In  a<lditioii 
to  this  latter  evidence  the  unanimous  testimony  of  the  natives,  com- 
pany and  <btveriiinent  a;ients,  who  have  been  on  the  islands  for  nniny 
season  <,  .  ^  ■<'  oositive  that  this  decrease  has  taken  jilace  in  the  last  l\^\v 
years  that  iic  unjirciudiced  person  can  doubt  it.  For  nearly  twenty 
years  \)  ii.r  to  l.S,S!>  tin-  lessees  were  able  t<i  kill  in(»,(MI()  male  seals,  anil 
several  if  tli  ■  special  aj^ents  tlurin;;'  that  period  were  of  the  opinion 
that  there  conhl  often  have  been  taken  -OU.ltOO  without  injury  to  the 
herds. 

The  rapid  decrease  in  seal  life  from  year  to  year  was  first  noticed  by 
those  best  comjietent  to  ,iud;,'e  li<'tween  ISSI  and  1880,  which  was  the 
period  when  the  sealinj;-  lleet  increased  so  enormously  and  iierfected 
the  system  of  takiii};  seals  in  the  open  sea. 

During  the  season  of  I  MM)  the  lessees  secured  only  21,0(10  skins,  and 
the  (ioveinmcnt  a^icnts  i-eixirted  that  they  could  not  have  obtained 
many  more  had  they  been  permitted  to  continue  the  killins;  to  the  end 
of  the  season.  This  >  ear  the  lessees  were  limited  to  7,500,  and  1  am  of 
the  opinion  that  had  I  hey  been  permitted  to  kill  every  male  seal  on  the 
rookeries,  other  than  old  bulls,  yearliiifis,  and  young  pups,  it  is  (]ues- 
tiouable  whethei'  they  could  have  secured  over  .'5r),000  skins,  and  notall 
of  these,  by  any  means,  would  have  been  merchantable.  I  have  no 
hesitation  in  saying  that  the  decrease  of  seal  life  is  due  to  t!ie  ])elagic, 
H.  Doe.  01' IS 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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!74 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


or  (leep-sea,  hunting,  and  the  only  remedy  therefor  is  its  immediate 
supint'ssion. 

There  are  but  few  months  in  the  year  wlien  seals  are  not  pursued  and 
killed  in  the  sea  by  all  the  devices  that  the  ingenuity  of  nnin  has 
invented.  Hunters  follow  tliem  from  the  time  they  leave  the  island.'',  in 
December  until  they  return  in  Mayor  .June,  and  not  content  with  what 
they  destroy  in  the  open  sea,  with  a  brutal  disregard  tor  every  interest 
except  tiieir  own,  hover  about  tlio  islands  a  few  miles  offshore  and 
watch  for  an  opportunity,  under  cover  of  night  or  dense  fog,  to  raid  the 
rookeries. 

It  is  useless  to  talk  of  a  .'i-mile  limit  or  any  other  limit  in  the  open 
sea.  A  hundred  sealing  schooners,  restricted  only  by  such  limits,  nniy 
practically  destroy  the  seals  in  one  sea.son.  The  cl;  'm  that  there  slnmld 
be  a  closed  sea.son  on  the  islands  during  the  breeding  mouths,  to  wit, 
.Tune  and  July,  is  the  most  absurd  of  all  the  propositions  made.  This 
is  the  time  wlien  the  skins  of  the  young  male  .seals  arc  the  most  valu- 
able and  most  easily  secured,  and  I  am  of  jpinion  that  under  ])roper 
restrictions  pre.scribed  by  the  (Jovernment  no  harm  can  come  to  t!ie 
breeding  rookeries  by  the  practice  now  adopted  during  this  j)eriod,  but, 
on  the  contrary,  that  this  great  industry  will  be  built  up  and  perpetu 
ated  thereby.  Even  in  the  condition  of  tlie  hauling  grounds  this  year 
the  killing  of  male  seals  on  the  islands  did  not  injure  the  breeding 
herds,  and  more  could  have  been  taken  with  the  same  result.  The  num- 
bers to  be  taken  from  time  to  time  should,  within  certain  limits,  be  lett 
to  the  discretion  of  tlie  agent  in  charge,  who  need  not  necessarily  be  a 
scientist,  but  should  have  a  knowledge  of  the  laws  and  conditicms  that 
govern  the  jiropagation  of  animal  life. 

The  question  is  often  asked  "Where  do  the  seals  go  when  they  leave 
the  islands?"  and  some  writers  have  attempted  to  throw  a  cloud  of 
mystery  over  the  answer;  but  where  can  we  find  better  evic^ence  than 
that  furnished  by  tlie  pelagic  hunters?  They  cruise  about  the  islands 
and  passes  of  the  Aleutian  Archipelago  and  follow  the  seals  as  they  go 
out  to  feed  along  the  fishing  banks  on  our  western  coast  as  far  south 
as  Cai)e  St.  Lucas,  and  returning  in  the  spring,  they  hunt  tliem  all  the 
way  along  this  coast  and  into  the  Hering  Sea.  The  number  of  .seals 
taken  every  spring  by  the  hunters  in  the  open  sea  has  increased  to  such 
enormous  ])roportions  that  the  skins  are  known  to  commerce  as  the 
spiing  catch,  and  are  advertised  and  sold  accordingly. 

In  procuring  this  spring  catch  great  damage  is  done  to  seal  life,  for 
it  is  in  the  spring  that  tlie  cows  are  so  easily  approached  and  killed, 
being  less  active  and  unable  to  travel  as  rapidly  as  the  males,  owing 
to  their  being  heavy  with  young. 

When  male  seals  are  killed  on  the  islands,  it  is  a  common  thing  to 
find  bullets  and  buckshot  in  many  of  them,  wliich  shows  that  even  the 
most  active  were  not  able  to  escape  the  rifle  of  the  hunter. 

MaTiy  of  the  hunters  admit  the  fact  that  by  far  the  greater  number 
of  seals  killed  at  sea  are  lost.  Some  itssert  that  only  one  in  fifteen  is 
secured,  while  others  claim  that  not  more  than  six  out  of  seven  of  all 
that  are  shot  are  lost.  Although  1  conversed  with  many  who  were 
well  posted  on  this  subject,  I  failed  to  find  one  who  would  deny  that  the 
number  of  skins  .secured  by  the  hunters  was  very  much  less  than  tlie 
number  lost. 

Interested  parties  claim  that  the  cows  do  not  travel  far  from  the 
islands  in  search  of  food;  tliat  those  killed  at  sea  are  nearly  all  barren, 
and  that  their  destruction  does  not  affect  the  condition  of  the  rookeries. 
In  reply  to  this  I  have  to  say  that  it  is  susceptible  of  proof  that  cows 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


275 


shot  by  hunters  on  marauding  vessels  operating  this  season  about  200 
miles  from  the  seal  islands  were  found  to  be  iiiotlicrs  giving  milk. 

Agent  Murray  also  rei)orfs  tliat  on  August  1!>,  in  (•()ini)aiiy  with  tiie 
British  commissioners,  he  visited  Tolstoi  rooi<ery,  on  St.  I'aul  Island, 
and  found  thousands  of  dead  pups,  the  niotlters  of  wiiicli  iiad  been 
killed  at  sea,  and  he  iurtlier  says  tliat  in  his  judginent  l.'0,(l(K)  to  ,'50,000 
dead  i)ups  w(^re  lying  on  the  rookeries  of  tiie  islaiuls  starved  to  death 
because  of  the  destruction  of  the  cows  during  their  journey  to  and 
fiom  tlie  feeding  grounds. 

It  is  known  that  after  giving  birtli  to  tiieir  young  the  mothers  leave 
the  rookeries  and  go  out  to  sea  for  food,  of  wiiicii  fact  the  iiunters,  who 
resort  to  the  feeding  grounds  and  slaugliter  tlic  seals  in  gicat  numbers, 
are  well  aware.  Further  testimony  upon  tliis  sul)ject,  supported  by 
photographic  evidence,  will  be  given  l)y  .Mr.  . I.  Stanley- Brown  in  his 
report  to  tlie  I  )e|)artment,  he  having  visited  the  rookeries  at  a  later 
date  thiin  that  given  above. 

It  is  claimed  that  the  devastation  of  the  rookeries  is  i)artly  due  to 
overdriving  the  seals  from  the  hauling  to  the  killing  grounds;  of  the 
injury  whicli  may  have  been  done  in  the  i>ast  from  that  cause  1  i)ersonally 
can  not  speak,  but  overdriving  did  not  occur  this  year.  The  agents 
who  have  been  on  the  isliiuds  the  last  two  years  report  that  the  driving 
has  been  carefully  done  at  all  times.  But  admittingall  that  is  asserted 
in  this  respect,  and  that  in  times  i)ast,  when  the  lessees  wen;  taking 
100,000  seals  every  year,  some  were  occasionally  drivn  farther  or 
oftener  than  they  should  have  been,  the  damage  was  to  males  only  and 
not  to  the  females. 

It  is  to  be  remembered  that  none  but  young  male-  seals  are  ever 
driven  or  killed  ui)Ou  the  islands,  and  even  were  a  ]»(ntion  of  them 
injured  or  destroyed  by  overdriving,  which  is  denied  by  the  agents  of 
the  company  as  well  as  by  those  of  the  (Government,  so  huig  as  there 
were  enough  males  left  to  replenish  the  rookeries  there  could  be  no 
injury  done  to  the  breeding  herds.  This  is  a  well-known  i)rinciple  in 
the  breeding  of  domestic  animals,  and  is  ecpially  true  in  the  i)roi)aga- 
tion  of  seals. 

It  has  been  rejjorted  that  there  was  a  dearth  of  bulls  last  year,  and 
consequently  a  large  number  of  barren  cows.  This  is  one  of  the  points 
to  which  1  gave  particular  attention,  and,  after  a  careful  examination 
of  the  rookeries,  found  that  the  claim  was  altogether  untenable,  for 
not  one  tenth  of  1  percent  of  the  cows  this  year  were  without  i)up 
seals  at  their  sides.  A  careful  count  of  all  the  idle  bulls  (bulls  with- 
out harems)  between  the  dates  ot  July  lli  and  20,  inclusive,  revealed 
the  fact  that  there  were  over  1,200  vigorous  bulls  without  cows  on  the 
breeding  rookeries  of  8t.  Paul  Island.  There  were  hundreds  of  bulls, 
too,  with  only  one  to  four  cows  each,  and  many  hundreds  mixed  up 
with  the  bachelors  who  were  unable  to  gain  a  foothold  upon  the  breecl- 
ing  rookeries.  Twenty-five  ]»er  cent  of  some  of  the  drives  were  bulls, 
large  enough  to  go  upon  the  breeiling  grounds,  and  had  evidently  been 
driven  off  by  the  older  and  stronger  ones  alter  a  hard  contest,  as  was 
shown  by  the  numeroi.s  wounds  on  their  bodies.  There  were  also  hun- 
dreds of  idle  bulls  in  the  shallow  water  in  front  of  the  rookeries  lying 
iipon  rocks,  but  unable  to  secure  a  location  on  the  breeding  grounds. 

1  therefore  conclude  that  whatever  nmy  have  been  the  condition  in 
former  years  relative  to  an  insuf1i(;iencv  of  l)ulls,  there  certaiidy  was  a 
surplus  this  year.  Less  than  .'50,000  male  seals  have  been  killed  on  the 
islands  by  the  lessees  in  the  last  two  years,  consequently  large  num- 
bers have  grown  to  maturity  and  have  attempted  to  establish  them 


276 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


selves  upon  the  rookeries.  During  a  much  longer  period  there  has 
been  a  rapid  decrease  of  cow  seals,  due  to  i)elagic  hunting,  and  there 
need  be  no  fear  of  insulViciency  of  males  for  some  years  to  come. 

Tlie  President's  jtroclaiiuition  of  the  mcidns  vivendi  dated  June  1("», 
18!U,  prohibited  the  killing  of  seals  in  Bering  Sea  until  May  next. 
Knglisli  and  American  vessels  of  war  were  sent  to  ])atr()lits  waters  and 
enforce  the  terms  of  the  international  agreement.  Notwithstanding 
their  efforts,  the  catch  of  the  sealing  Heet  this  season  is  estimated  to  be 
not  less  tlnm  (i(),(K)0  seal,  or  about  eight  times  as  many  as  were  per- 
mitted to  be  taken  on  the  islands  for  the  "  subsistence  and  care  of  tiio 
natives,"  and  when  it  is  taken  into  consideration  that  eacii  one  cap- 
tured re|)resents  at  least  five  killed  and  lost,  a  fair  idea  may  be  obtained 
of  tiie  great  destructiou  to  seal  life  that  took  place  tliis  year.  I  left 
the  islands  August  11,  and  it  was  currently  reported  at  that  time  that 
sealing  vessels  were  still  in  the  sea  engaged  in  the  unlawful  pursuit  of 
taking  seals.  Two  of  tliese  vessels  were  ordeied  out  of  the  sea  a  day 
or  two  ]>revious  with  about  4,000  skins  on  board. 

Agent  Nettleton  rei)orts  that  on  October  3  two  schooners  were  sighted 
a  few  miles  oft"  St.  George  Island.  It  is  further  claimed  that  the  seal- 
ing schooner  Otto,  of  Lunenbnrg,  Nova  Scotia,  was  ])erinitted  to  clear 
from  Victoria,  British  Columbia,  July  3,  for  the  Bering  Sea,  and  in  a 
published  interview  in  the  Victoria  Daily  Times  of  July  1(5,  1891,  Col- 
lector Milne  states  tiiathehadno  authority  to  cease  clearing  vessels 
for  tiie  Bering  Sea.  If  this  is  true,  it  Avill  account  for  the  number  of 
vessels  found  in  these  waters  so  late  in  the  season.  Although  it  was 
well  known  to  hunters  early  in  July  that  it  was  unlawful  to  kill  seals 
after  June  15,.they  were  also  aware  that  their  vessels  could  not  be 
seized  until  notified  to  leave  the  sea  by  some  ollicer  having  authority 
to  enforce  his  demand;  consequently  they  remained  in  and  about  tliese 
waters  hunting  seals  and  avoiding  the  war  vessels  and  revenue  cutters, 
knowing  that  if  they  were  spoken  all  they  had  to  do  was  to  jilead 
ignorance,  aiid  they  would  be  permitted  to  leave  with  tlieir  jduuder. 

I  inclose  a  list  of  58  vessels  (Exhibit  II)  as  reported  September  30, 
whose  sjjring  and  fall  catch  amounted  to  5'J,087  skins,  and  as  there 
were  over  100  vessels  in  tlie  sea  this  year  it  is  fair  to  ])resume  that  the 
number  caught  will  exceed  the  estimate  of  00,000  and  means  the  destruc- 
tion of  at  least  400,000  seals,  80  ])er  cent  of  which  were  undoubtedly 
females.  Such  waste  of  valuable  animal  life  is  without  parallel  in  the 
history  of  (civilized  nations,  and  calls  for  speedy  remedy,  or  these  great 
breeding  grounds,  the  largest  in  the  world,  will  become  depopulated 
and  worthless. 

It  has  been  the  practice  for  many  years  to  permit  the  natives  on 
the  islands,  during  the  months  of  November  and  December,  to  kill 
such  young  seals  as  they  desired,  Avith  the  understanding  that  it  was 
authorized  by  section  19()0  Revised  Statutes,  and  that  such  killing 
was  necessary  to  furnish  food  and  clothing.  I  found  on  inquiry  th-ic 
the  skins  of  young  seals  are  not  used  for  clothing,  but  are  sold  for  little 
or  nothing  or  traded  oft'  for  contraband  articles  that  the  natives  would 
be  much  better  without. 

Agent  Lavender  made  a  careful  investigation  of  the  amount  of  meat 
suitable  for  food  on  the  carcass  of  an  ordinary  young  seal  and  found 
it  to  be  less  than  8  pounds,  so  tliat,  in  quantity,  as  a  food  supply,  it  is 
of  little  impc<rtance,  although  the  meat  is  very  much  relished  by  the 
natives.  In  view  of  the  above  facts  and  my  instructions  upon  that 
subject,  I  directed  that  no  young  seals  be  killed  this  year,  nor  here- 
after until  Huuh  time  as  the  Secret  vy  of  the  Treasury  might  direct. 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


277 


^  on 

kill 

w;i8 

Hint,' 

tli;it 

ittle 

oukl 


The  care  and  welfare  of  the  natives  and  tlie  (tbligations  of  the  Xorth 
Ameriean  ('oinnicrcial  Company,  nndor  their  lease,  to  these  people  are 
snbjects  to  which  I  liave  given  eareftil  attention.  The  snpplies  pro- 
vided by  the  company  for  the  last  year  and  kept  on  sale  at  the  com- 
l)any's  stores  were  of  good,  substantial  (juality,  and  were  sold  at  very 
reasonable  i)rices.  I  note  one  exception  to  the  above  statement,  and 
that  is  the  i)ri('e  charged  for  coal — $.S.'{,(J()  per  ton.  I  deem  this  to  be 
exorbitant,  and  see  no  jjood  reason  wliy  the  natives  should  be  cluirged 
any  more  than  the]»ri<'e  paid  for  coal  furnisliod  the  (lovernment  house, 
to  wit,  $15  per  ton.  Tim  question  of  sutlicient  fuel  on  the  islands  is  a 
serious  one,  and  denmnds  careful  consideration  by  the  Department. 
The  lessees  are  re(piired,  under  their  lease,  to  furnisli  80  tons  of  coal, 
and  this,  with  what  driftwood  can  be  secureil  and  the  blubber  taken 
from  seals  dui'ing  the  killing  season,  is  expected  to  provide  fuel  sutli- 
cient for  about  GO  faniilies  in  a  climate  where  it  is  necessary  to  have  a 
lire  every  daj  in  the  year.  The  driftwood  is  very  hard  to  secure,  of 
linuted  supply,  very  i)oor  in  quality,  and  in  most  cases  is  thrown  upon 
the  shores  nnles  from  the  villages.  They  have  no  means  of  transport 
ing  it  excei)t  on  their  backs  or  on  hand  sleds  drawn  over  the  crusted 
snow  in  midwinter.  The  blubber  is  stored  in  barrels  and  boxes  for 
winter  supply,  and  in  a  short  time  becomes  rancid,  the  stench  arising 
from  its  use  permeates  every  part  of  their  dwellings,  and  is  unhealthy, 
si(!kening,  and  disgusting.  Other  fuel  sliould  be  substituted,  even  if 
it  has  to  be  done  at  the  expense  of  the  G(  ^'ernment. 

I'nder  Department  instructions  of  May  21  last  (Exhibit  1)  I  increased 
the  amount  of  coal  from  80  to  100  tons,  giving  100  tons  to  natives  on  St. 
I'aul  and  00  tons  to  natives  on  St.  (leorge  Islands.  This,  with  what  other 
fuel  they  have  on  hand,  will  make  them  fairly  comfortable  for  the  winter. 
1  would  recommend  that  hereafter  arrangements  bo  made  by  which  the 
inhabitants  on  St.  George  siiall  have  100  and  on  St.  Paul  L'OO  toiis  of 
coal.  This  would  reijuire  220  tons  to  be  furnished  by  the  Government 
in  addition  to  the  80  tons  furnished  by  the  conii)any,  and  would  give 
n  tons  to  each  family.  I  consider  this  amount  actually  necessary  for 
the  comfort  and  health  of  these  peojde,  and  the  cost  to  tlie  Covernment 
would  partly  compensate  the  natives  for  months  of  watching,  day  und 
night,  on  the  rookeries — a  service  for  which  the  (Tovernment  has  paid 
them  nothing  up  to  the  piesent  time. 

The  80  tons  of  coal  furnished  the  natives  in  excess  of  the  80  tons 
required  umler  the  terms  of  the  lease  were  duly  de'ivered  in  the  Govern- 
ment coal  houses,  and  the  lessees  are  entitled  to  and  should  receive  a 
reasonable  comi>ensation  therefor.  The  Government  agent  on  each 
island  has  been  directed  to  make  weekly  issue  to  the  natives  of  all  coal 
furnished,  keeping  in  view  the  necessity  of  its  economical  use,  and  at  the 
same  time  being  watchful  that  there  is  no  suft'ering  among  the  natives 
for  want  of  sutlicient  fuel. 

Owing  to  the  limited  catch  of  the  last  two  years  and  to  the  further 
fact  thai  no  seals  are  to  be  killed  for  food  during  the  stagy  season,  nor 
pu])s  at  any  time,  it  will  become  necessary  to  furnish  some  substitute 
ibr  their  natural  food  supply,  and  1  addressed  a  letter  to  the  lessees' 
agent  upon  that  subject  (Exhibit.)).  The  lease  provides  that  the 
natives  shall  be  furnished  with  a  suflBcient  sup])ly  of  dried  salmon. 
For  some  reason  salt  salmon  has  been  substituted  therefor.  It  is  not 
relished  by  the  natives,  and  they  utterly  refuse  to  use  it,  excej)t  in  very 
limited  quantities.  Tlie  lessees  should  be  required  to  comply  with  the 
terms  of  their  lease  and  either  furnish  a  supply  of  good  dried  salmon 
or  substitute  some  other  meat  relished  by  the  natives.    It  has  been  the 


278 


ALASKA    INDUSTRTES. 


jnactice  lor  many  years  to  ])n»liibit,  tlio  use  of  siiftar,  claiming  tliat  the 
natives  are  lialtle  to  abuse  tlie  iiriviiefje  and  make  (|iias.  If  this  dan- 
ger has  existed  in  times  i)ast  it  does  not  now  exist  to  any  great  extent, 
and  it  seems  unjust  to  punisli  a  wliole  eommunity  for  what  one  or  two 
ignorant  persons  may  do.  I  liad  several  eonversations  with  the  chiefs 
and  principal  men  on  that  subject  They  express  a  strong  desire  that 
their  jjcople  might  be  i)erinitted  to  purchase  sugar,  and  I  was  fully 
assured  thatthey  would  use  theirbestendeavors  to  seethat  the  privilege 
was  not  abused.  In  my  jn<lgnient  the  pliysical  decline  of  thesa  people 
is  largely  due  to  their  mode  of  living,  and  they  will  become  much  more 
robust  when  they  are  i>ermitted  to  purchase  good,  substantial  food 
instead  of  depending  almost  wholly  on  seal  meat  and  crackers. 

In  the  ])ast  they  have  been  cared  for  very  much  as  an  animal  would 
be  caved  for  by  its  owner.  Their  i)hysieal  necessities  have  been  in  the 
main  fairly  well  supplied,  but  their  moral,  social,  and  civil  rights  have 
been  almost  wholly  ignored,  and  they  have  been  treated  more  like  beasts 
of  burden  and  slaves  than  as  American  citizens.  Had  a  policy  of  kind- 
ness to  the  native  man  and  protection  to  his  wife  and  daughter  been 
pursued  in  tiie  past  we  would,  no  doubt,  tiiul  them  much  further 
advanced  in  civilization  and  aniuch  more  healthy  and  useful  people;  and 
while  there  has  been  considerable  improvement  in  many  respects  dur- 
ing the  last  year  over  what  it  must  have  been  but  a  short  time  previous, 
still  there  is  need  of  a  decided  stand  to  be  taken  by  the  Government. 
Its  officers  should  be  given  jiower  to  remove  any  person  from  the  islands 
who  is  insubordinate  or  who  violates  the  laws  of  decency  ci  in  any 
way  interferes  with  the  civil  rights  of  the  natives.  I  find  these  people 
civil,  obedient,  kind,  and  easily  governed,  and  any  system  of  labor  or 
government  which  tends  to  degrade  their  family  relations  or  takes  away 
or  destroys  their  rights  as  American  citizens  ought  not  to  be  tolerated. 

Hygienic  and  saiiitary  conditions  on  both  islands  are  much  in  need 
of  improvement.  The  lessees  should  be  reipiired  to  provide  each  family 
witli  a  suitable  outhouse,  and  the  system  of  cesspools  now  in  use  should 
be  abandoned.  The  company  claims  it  is  not  a  i)art  of  their  lease  to  fur- 
nish these  outhouses,  but  I  would  respectfully  call  attention  to  that 
part  of  the  lease  which  says  the  lessees  will  use  "all  reasonable  eflforts 
to  secure  the  comfort,  health,  education,  and  promote  the  moral;?  'Mid 
civilization  of  said  native  inhabitants." 

I  endeavored  to  establish  a  system  of  inspection,  and  requested  the 
jdiysicians  to  act  as  sanitary  ottieers  and  rejmrt  each  day  on  the  sani- 
tary and  hygienic  conditions  of  the  villages,  and  to  suggest  such  im- 
prcvements  as  they  might  deem  necessary;  but  I  was  at  once  given 
notice  that  the  physicians  were  comi)any  employees,  and  any  reports 
they  had  to  make  would  be  made  to  the  company's  agent  only.  The 
physicians  are,  above  all  others,  fitted  by  education  and  experience  to 
intelligently  report  upon  these  subjects  and  suggest  remedies,  aiul 
while  those  now  on  the  islands  are  very  good  men  and,  I  believe,  are 
fairly  well  qualilied  to  perform  their  duties,  yet  it  has  not  always  been 
so,  and  I  most  earnestly  recommend  that  hereafter  they  maybe  subject 
to  Department  regulations.  The  houses  on  St.  Paul  Island  are  suffi- 
cient to  accommodate  the  natives.  Many  of  them  are  in  need  of  repairs, 
wliieh  I  was  informed  by  the  comi)any's  agent  would  be  attended  to  in 
a  few  days.  The  houses  on  St.  (Jeorge  are  not  sufficiently  numerous  to 
prevent  ""vercrowding,  but  I  was  also  informed  that  this  would  be 
attended  to  this  coming  autumn. 

Especial  attention  is  invited  to  the  schools  oti  the  seal  islands.  They 
have  been  iu  operation  over  twenty  years,  and  yet  they  have  not  sue- 


ALASKA    INDUBTRIKS. 


279 


ceeded  in  teaching  a  i)ui>il  to  read  or  write  a  sentence  in  the  English 
language.  Schools  in  charge  of  good,  conijtetent  teachers,  who  have 
other  qualifications  than  those  of  being  bookkeepers  or  seal  clubbers, 
should  be  insisted  upon  by  the  Department,  and  the  school  season 
should  be  changed  IVoin  the  short,  cold,  dark,  and  blustering  days  of 
winter,  when,  on  account  of  the  inclemency  of  the  weather,  the  school 
has  to  be  discontinued  for  days  at  a  time,  to  the  more  i)leasant  months 
of  summer.  Itadical  changes  are  absolutely  necessary  in  these  respects 
if  it  is  the  desire  of  our  (Jovernment  to  civilize,  educate,  and  improve 
this  i)eople.  They  should  not  only  be  taught  the  rudiments  of  the 
English  language,  but  also  habits  of  industry,  economy,  cleanliness, 
and  morality.  That  these  peojjle  are  quick  to  learn  and  susceptible  to 
rapid  improvement  is  demonstrated  in  the  charity  school  at  Unalaska, 
conducted  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tuck.  Six  of  the  most  promising  orphans 
on  the  islands  were  sent  there  in  September,  18!>0,  and  I  found  on  vis- 
iting the  school  this  year  that  they  could  talk  the  English  language 
quite  fluently  and  read  and  write  quite  intelligently.  The  teachers  as 
well  as  the  physicians  should  be  employees  of  the  Government,  and  be 
entirely  removed  from  the  control  and  influence  of  local  company 
agents.  This  view  of  the  subject  is  held  by  all  the  agents  and  by  all 
other  ofiicials  who  have  visited  the  islands  and  had  their  attention 
called  to  the  subject. 

The  maintenance  of  the  widows  and  orphans  and  aged  and  infirm  is 
construed  by  the  lessees  to  apply  to  the  supply  of  food  only;  conse- 
quently, clothing  and  fuel  up  to  the  present  time  have  had  to  be  fur- 
nished from  the  natives'  earnings  or  from  other  sources.  Tiie  terms  of 
the  lease  are  as  follows:  "And  will  provide  the  necessaries  of  life  for 
the  widows  and  orphans  and  aged  and  infirm  inhabitants  of  said 
islands  who  are  unable  to  provide  for  themselves."  I  take  it  that  fuel 
and  clothing  are  as  nuich  the  necessaries  of  life  as  food.  The  lessees' 
agent  agreed  to  provide  fuel  and  ch)thing  for  this  unfortunate  class  for 
the  coming  year,  but  denies  that  it  is  a  part  of  the  conditions  of  their 
lease,  and  requests  that  the  Department  rule  upon  the  subject. 

A  portion  of  my  instructions  retjuired  me  to  take  an  accounting  of 
all  the  necessary  supplies  furnished  the  natives  by  the  lessees,  other 
than  those  recjuired  to  be  furnished  under  their  lease,  and  for  which  the 
natives  are  unable  to  i)ay.  I  find  that  by  good  management  the  natives 
were  well  provided  for  last  winter  and  spring,  and  but  few  of  them  were 
in  debt,  and  those  for  only  small  amounts,  which  I  adjusted  in  the  divi- 
sion of  earnings  ($1,06(3.20),  the  proceeds  of  certain  food  skins  taken  in 
1890  (Exhibits  K  and  L),  which  I  \n\k\  over  to  them  July  4  of  this  year 
under  Department  instructions  of  May  7. 

The  division  of  the  natives'  earnings  for  tiiis  year's  catch  was  made 
at  the  close  of  the  present  season.  My  right  to  do  so  or  the  Secretary's 
authority  to  make  such  a  regulation  was  seriously  questioned  by  the 
lessees'  agent,  and  he  strongly  protested  against  my  action,  but  my 
•iistructions    were  so  clear  upon  that  subject  that,  after  having  con- 

ilted  the  native  chiefs  as  to  the  wishes  of  the  people,  I  made  the  divi- 
sion as  directed,  and,  as  I  believe,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  native 
iidiabitants,  (Exhibits  M  and  N.  j  Owing  to  the  small  catch  this  year, 
and  to  the  further  fact  that  the  savings  of  the  natives  from  former 
years  are  exhausted  in  most  cases,  it  was  necessary  to  make  some 
arrangement  for  their  maintenance  during  the  coming  winter.  I 
addressed  a  letter  to  tlie  general  agent  of  the  lessees  on  the  subject, 
and  he  assured  me  tliat  necessary  supplies  would  be  issued  as  requested. 
Subsequent  to  this,  and  while  in  San  Francisco,  the  lessees'  agent 


280 


ALASKA    INDIJSTHIES. 


showed  me  a  list  of  iiiitivos,  with  ditrerciit  sums  ])lace(l  to  tho,  credit  of 
each,  and  asl<ed  my  opinion  iis  to  whether  tiie  amount  would  bo  iieees- 
siiry  for  their  miiinteuanccMluiiny  the  cominf^'  year.  I  replied  "Yes," 
but  I  til'  u;;lit  it  very  (h)ubtrul  it  the  Clovernment  would  reimburHe  tho 
lessees  lor  money  paid  tiu;  natives,  but  that  an  itemized  account  should 
be  kept  of  all  tho  sup|»Iies  furnished  them  for  which  they  were  unable 
to  i)ay,  and  that  the  (lovernnient  ajjent  in  charj>o()f  each  island  should 
be  consulted  as  to  the  necessities  of  tho  jiersons  seekinfj  relief, 

Tho  {gradual  deciease  of  population  ou  the  islands  of  St.  (leorjjo  and 
St.  Paul  is  a  subject  to  which  1  fjavo  careful  (consideration.  (Mvin>;'  to 
the  limited  catch  this  year  and  the  unfavorable  opjiortuiiity  for  those 
already  ui)ou  the  islands  to  earn  enouyh  to  support  themselves,  I  did 
not  deem  it  advisable  to  encouiaj;e  immigration. 

One  of  tiio  customs  of  the  church  authorities  on  these  islands  is  to 
])rohibit  any  of  its  followers  to  intermarry  if  there  is  the  remotest 
degree  of  consanguinity,  and  oven  tho  relation  of  godfather  or  god- 
nu)ther  is  held  to  be  sullicient  to  prevent  a  union.  Conseiiuently  I 
ibund  most  of  the  y<mng  peojjle  on  the  islands,  of  suitable  age,  pre- 
vented from  marrying  on  account  of  relationshii).  Hygienic  and  sani- 
tary laws,  religious  customs,  and  civil  privileges  all  enter  into  this 
(|Uestion,  and  reiiuire  good  Judgnu>nt  in  arriving  at  a  wise  conclusion. 
I  conferred  with  tlui  natives  on  the  subject  and  suggested  certain  con- 
ditions whereby  permanent  residents  might  bo  l»rought  upon  the 
islaiuls,  and  it  apparently  met  their  approval,  but  it  furth'T  ioveloped 
tho  fact  that  the  practice  of  bringing  people  from  Unalaska  or  any 
other  i»laco  to  work  during  the  sealing  season  has  a  demoralizing  ollect 
ui)on  the  native  inhabitants  and  should  never  be  permitted  under  any 
cir<!umstances. 

Wlienever  practicable,  Governnu'nt  agents,  teachers,  and  physicians 
who  are  to  remain  on  the  islands  a  year  or  longer  should  lie  accom- 
panied by  their  wives.  Tlie  example  and  teachings  of  white  ladies 
would  have  a  most  wholesome  clfecit  upon  th(!  native  women,  and  their 
presence  would  act  as  a  moral  restraint  to  prevent  many  of  the  irregu- 
larities complained  of  in  times  past. 

Tho  native  priests  can  neither  speak  nor  write  a  word  of  English,  and 
it  would  seem  as  if  the  (Ireek  (Jlmrch  was  opj)osed  to  that  language 
being  spoken  ou  these  islands,  for  they  persist  in  sending  priests  to 
the  islands  who  can  speak  the  Kussiau  language  only.  While  there  is 
no  disposition  on  my  part  to  interfere  with  religious  worship,  I  submit 
tho  suggestion  that  the  authorities  of  tho  Greek  Church  be  required  to 
send  to  the  islands  only  sudi  i)riests  as  are  capable  of  conducting  tiioir 
church  services  in  the  English  language.  As  it  is  at  present,  tho  action 
of  the  priests  neutralizes  most  of  the  ellbrts  that  are  being  made  for 
the  education  and  iniinovement  of  this  people.  A  man  calling  himself 
Bishop  Valdimer,  of  tho  Greek  Church,  visited  tho  islands  just  before 
my  arrival  and  made  a  demand  on  the  local  priests  and  natives  for  cer- 
tain moneys  in  their  i)ossession,  to  wit,  Sl,2!)4.o5  on  St.  George  and 
$3,325  ou  St.  Paul.  Tlie  amount  on  St.  George  Islaiul  stood  to  the 
credit  of  the  church  ou  the  lessees'  books.  The  bishop  demanded  a 
draft  for  the  same,  which  the  lessee's  agent  gave  him,  and  it  was  paid 
by  the  company  in  San  Francisco.  Tho  $3,3L'.'>  on  St.  Paul  was  left  at 
the  company's  office  by  Valdimer  for  transportation  to  San  Frrjicisco. 
In  the  meaTitime  there  came  to  my  notice  a  circular  letter  (Exhibit  O) 
which  alleged  that  this  man  Valdimer  \\  as  a  fraud.  I  then  addressed 
a  commuuicatiou  to  the  lessee's  agent  (Exhibit  F)  requesting  him  not 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


281 


to  sliip  tliis  money  until  tlu*  mutter  could  bo,  invostifjiitcrt  and  tlie  (acts 
laid  hrfon'  tiic  Ihqiartmcnt.  This  ho  (!oiisentcd  to  do,  and  the  amount, 
S;j,.'{L*.">,  is  now  in  his  sale  on  St.  I'anl  Isliind. 

As  the  natives  are  without  sufllcient  nu'ans  ot  su]»i)ort  for  the  ensu- 
iiifj  year,  and  tiie  (lovernmeiit  will  t)e  called  upon  to  assist  them,  I 
re<;ard  the  takinj;'  ofthis  money  from  tiiem  under  the  eircumstanees  aa 
an  ontrajje  which  slu)iild  not  he  i)eiinilted.  I  am  informed  that  it  ha.s 
l»een  the  ])ractice  for  the  ishiiuls  to  he  visited  at  stated  ])eriods  by  i)er- 
sons  elaimiufj  to  have  some  relijjious  authority,  who  demand  from  the 
luitivesa  part  of  their  earnin,i;s.  Not  a  dollar  is  (>ver  returned  to  them, 
but  it  is  taken  out  of  the  country  and  said  to  be  used  in  jtrivate  specu- 
lation. I  understand  that  an  elVort  was  made  to  have  this  so-called 
bishoj),  above  referred  to,  consent  to  a  jtart  of  the  money  beinjj  used  in 
the  education  and  maintenance  of  some  ori)lians,  who  are  now  being 
supported  by  charity  at  the  I'nalaska  sclnud,  but  the  greed  and  ava- 
rice of  this  miin  would  be  satisfied  with  nothing  but  Shyloek  measure. 

He  should  never  have  been  iiermitted  to  come  upon  the  islands,  and 
tlie  lessees  and  the  revenue  cutters  should  be  nnule  to  understaiul  that 
they  nuist  land  no  one  on  tlie  islands  without  the  consent  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  th(^  Treasury  (»•  of  the  (lovernment  agent  in  charge. 

I  also  learned  that  there  is  about  •*  1,500  in  tla^  hands  of  the  North 
American  Commercial  ('om])ary  wliicdi  was  raised  by  the  natives  some 
twelve  years  ago  for  the  ])iirpose  of  having  their  chundi  servi(!es  tran.s- 
lated,  but  it  h;is  not  been  used  for  that  ])urpose  and  probably  never 
will  be.  1  v.ould  '^uggest  that  I  be  authorized  to  redistribute  this 
money  to  the  natives  aa  well  as  the  ><.},.'{l!5  before  mentioned,  and  to 
forward  a  copy  of  such  division  to  tlie  Department. 

Several  iiundred  blue  foxes  were  caught,  on  the  islands  last  year  and 
the  hunting  of  them  was  carried  to  siu'h  an  extent  that  to  keep  them 
from  being  exterminated  it  was  thought  advisable  to  stop  the  kilhng 
for  at  least  one  year,  and  I  gave  instructions  to  that  effect,  but  my 
right  to  do  so  or  the  right  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  make 
any  regulation  i)rotecting  or  regulating  the  capture  of  this  vahuible 
fur-bearing  animal  is  denied  by  the  lessees'  agent,  and  the  claim  is 
made  by  him  that  the  foxes  on  the  islands  belong  to  tlie  North  Ameri- 
can Commeicial  <.'omi>any.  tt  is  further  claimed  that  said  company 
bought  the  right  to  own  the  foxes  from  the  Alaska  Commercial  Com- 
])any,  who  were  the  Ibrmer  lessees  of  the  islands,  and  whom,  it  was  also 
clainu'd,  put  the  Ibxes  on  the  islands  and  were  therefore  the  owners  of 
them. 

I  made  an  investigation  of  the  subject  and  found  that  foxes  were 
identiful  upon  the  islands  at  the  time  of  purchase  from  the  Kussiau 
(.xovernim'nt,  and  in  all  i)robabiiity  they  crossed  on  the  ice  from  the 
mainland  long  before  the  islands  were  discovered.  The  fur  of  this  ani- 
nuil  has  become  valuable,  and  if  properly  ])rotected  the  ])roceeds  from 
the  sale,  at  a  fair  valuation  of  the  skins,  would  do  much  toward  the 
sui)port  of  the  people,  I  am  clearly  of  the  opinion  that  the  catch  of 
foxes  and  sale  of  the  skins  should  be  controlled  by  the  Departmont  and 
the  proceeds  be  made  a  comnuinity  fund  and  divided  among  the  natives 
in  the  same  manner  as  the  proceeds  from  killing  seals.  I  would  respect- 
fully call  attention  to  section  1!).")6,  Ivevised  Stat*ites,  re'.ating  to  the 
killing  of  fur-bearing  animals  within  the  limits  of  Alaska  Territory. 

The  census  of  ,Iune  .'{(>,  I.SIM,  was  as  follows:  LMKi  native  inhabitants 
oil  St,  Paul  and  88  on  St.  George,  a  toUil  of  291.  There  were  18  births 
and  20  deaths  on  St.  Paul  and  7  births  and  11  deaths  ou  St.  George,  a 


282 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


total  decrease  of  12  in  the  native  population  during  tlie  last  year.  T 
herewith  inclose  the  reports  of  Assistant  Agents  Joseph  Murray  and 
A.  W.  Lavender  (Exhibits  R  and  S).  The  former  has  been  on  the 
islands  for  more  than  two  years,  and  the  latter  for  the  last  fourteen 
months. 
Respectfully  submitted. 

Wm.  H.  Williams, 
Agent  in  Charge  of  Seal  Islands. 
Hon.  OiiAs.  Foster, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Lhi  of  inclomirei. 

A.  TelcKrapliic  instructions  of  May  27. 

H.  Proclamation  of  tlio  luotlns  vivendl. 

C.  Annual  stateniont  of  seals  killed  on  St.  I'aul. 

D.  Annnal  statement  of  seals  killed  on  St.  (}i)or{;c. 

E.  Telegraphic  instructions  of  May  *1. 

F.  Certilicate  of  skins  shipped  from  .St.  I'aul,  18!)1. 
ti.  Certificate  of  skins  shipped  from  St.  (icoru'c,  ISitl. 
H.  Catch  of  scaling  tleet  to  September  30,  18i)l. 

1.  Telegraphic  instructions  relative  to  fuel. 

J.  Letter  relating  to  maintenance  of  widows,  orplianM,  etc. 

K.  Distribution  of  proceeds  from  3,532  food  skins. 

L.  Distribution  of  ])roceeds  from  631  food  skins. 

M.  Distrilintion  and  statement  of  native  account  on  St.  I'aul  Island,  1891. 

N.  Distribution  and  statement  of  native  account  on  St.  Ueorge  Island.  1891. 

O.  Circular  letter  of  Greek  (Jhurch. 

P.  Letters  ndativo  to  Hiahoi)  Valdimer  removing  church  funds. 

R.  Report  of  Assistant  Agent  .loseph  Murray,  1891. 

S.  Report  of  Assistant  Agent  A.  W.  Lavender,  1891. 


ExHiiiir  A. 

[Telegram.! 

Treasury  Dei'aut.ment,  Office  ok  the  Skcuetaky, 

fVaahiHi/ton,  1).  C,  May:>7,  1891. 
The  Ru»h  will  receive  orders  to  sail  to-day.  You  and  the  other  agents  will  take 
passage  on  her.  The  Corwin  will  follow  in  a  few  days.  Hy  her  will  be  forwarded 
to  you  full  instructions.  The  memorandum  copy  of  proposed  instructions  which  you 
now  have  will  bo  your  guide  uutil  Corwin  arrives.  Maximum  number  is  yet  to  be 
determined,  and  other  modifications  are  probable. 

If  7,.500  seal  are  taken  before  Corwin  arrives,  you  will  stop  killing  and   await 
instructions.     See  that  the  other  agents  take  passage  with  you. 

Charles  Foster,  Secretary, 
Maj.  \V.  H.  Williams, 

Special  Agent,  care  of  Rerenuv  Cutter  Il-mh,  San  Francisco,  Cat. 


ExiiiitiT  H. 

PROCLAMATION    HY   TUT.    I'RKSIUENT   OK   THE    l.'XITED   STATES. 

Whereas  an  agreement  for  a  modus  Vivendi  between  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  and  the  Government  of  Her  Britannic  Majesty  in  relation  to  the  fur-seal  ttsh- 


ALASKA    INDUSTUIK8. 


283 


orifis  in  Rcrinn  Sua  waH  cdiiclnd'd  on  the  tiftcoiitli  diiy  <>('  Jnno,  in  tlie  your  of  our 
Lord  olio  tlioiiHund  i'i;r|it  liiiiidittd  and  nini.-t.v-onu,  woril  lor  word  an  followH: 

A;;rfiemeiit  lictwum  tlio  (iovi^nnniMit  of  tlic^  I'nitcd  States  and  the  (ioverumeiit 
of  Her  liritannii^  MaJtsHty  (av  modug  vireiuli  in  relation  to  tlio  Fur  Seal  Fishorios  in 
Itcrinn  Sea. 

For  tiie  pnri)oNo  of  avoiding  irritatin>r  dilforenci'.s  and  witii  a  view  to  promote  tlio 
friendly  Bet tlonicnt  of  the  (jnestions  prndin;;  between  the  two  j;overninonts  touch- 
inj;  their  resiieetivo  rights  in  Derinjf  Sea,  and  for  the  jiremirvt.tion  of  the  Seal 
HpecieH,  the  following  ajjreoinent  is  made  without  prejudice  to  the  rights  or  claims 
of  cither  party. 

1.  Her  Majesty's  (ioveniment  will  ))rolill)it  nntil  May  next,  Seal  killinj;  in  that 
part  of  Bering  Sea  lyinj;  eastward  of  tlio  line  of  demarcation  descrilied  in  Article 
No.  1  of  the  treaty  of  1S(>7  hotween  the  I'nited  States  atid  Kiissia,  and  will  ]ironiptly 
use  its  best  efforts  to  ensure  the  observance  of  this  prohibition  by  liritish  subjects 
and  vessels. 

2.  The  I'nited  StatPR  (Jovernment  wi'l  prohil)it  Seal  kllliiif;  for  the  same  period  in 
the  same  part  of  Itering  Sea  and  on  tlio  shores  and  islands  tlnueof,  the  jiroperty  of 
the  United  States,  in  exeess  of  si^venty-live  huiidr"d,  to  be  taken  on  tlio  islands  for 
the  subsistence  and  care  of  the  natives,  and  will  piiunptly  use  its  best  efforts  to 
ensure  the  observance  of  this  prohibition  by  the  United  States  eiti/eus  and  vessels. 

3.  Every  vessel  or  jierson  oll'ending  ajjainst  this  itrohibition  in  the  said  waters  of 
ISering  Sea  outside  of  the  ordinary  territorial  limits  of  the  United  States,  may  be 
seized  and  detained  by  the  Naval  or  other  duly  comiiiissioned  otHcers  of  either  of 
the  high  contracting  iiarties,  but  they  shall  bo  handed  over  as  soon  as  practicable 
to  the  authorities  of  the  nation  to  which  they  respectively  belong,  who  shall  alone 
have  jurisdiction  to  try  the  ort'ense  anil  iiuiiose  the  jienalties  for  the  same.  The 
witnesses  and  jiroofs  necessary  to  establish  the  otleiise  shall  also  be  sent  with  them. 

4.  In  order  to  facilitate  such  proper  ini|niries  as  Her  Majesty's  (iovernment  may 
desire  to  make,  with  a  view  to  the  presentation  of  the  ease  of  the  Government  before 
Arbitrators,  and  in  exjiectation  that  an  agreement  for  arbitration  may  be  arrive<l  at, 
it  is  agreed  that  suitable  persons  designated  liy  Great  Britain  will  lie  permitted  at 
any  time,  upon  apjilication,  to  visit  or  to  remain  upon  the  Seal  Islands  during  the 
present  Sealing  Season  for  that  purpose. 

Signed  and  sealed  in  duplicate  at  Washington,  this  fifteenth  day  of  .June,  1891,  on 
behalf  of  their  respective  governments,  by  W'illiaiii  F.  Wharton,  acting  Secretary  of 
State  of  the  United  States,  and  Sir  .Julian  I'auncefote,  (J.  U.  M.  (J.  K.  C.  B.,  H.  B.  M. 
Fnvoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentary. 

William  F.  WiiAiixoN,  [.seal.] 
Julian  Paunckfote,     [seal.] 

Now,  therefore,  be  it  known,  that  I,  Benjaniin  Harrison,  President  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  have  caused  the  said  agreenicnl  to  be  made  public  to  the  end  that 
the  same  and  every  part  thereof  may  be  observed  and  fulfilled  with  good  faith  by 
the  United  States  of  America  and  the  citizens  thereof. 

In  witness  whereof,  1  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  caused  the  seal  of  the  United 
States  to  be  affixed. 

Done  at  the  City  of  Washington,  this  fifteenth  day  of  .lune,  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  ninety-one,  and  of  the  Independence  of  the 
United  States,  the  (uie  hundred  and  fifteenth. 

By  the  President: 

Benjamin  Harkison. 

WiLLLAM    F.  WHAKTON, 

Actiny  tsecretary  of  Stale. 


284 


ALASKA    INDU8TRIE8. 


EXIIIIUT  V,, 

Annual  HUilrmenl  of  fur  neuh  killed  on  SI,  I'anl  Inland,  Ala»ka,  durimi  thv  year  ended 

AuyUHl  W,  1H91, 


DitU). 


18UU. 

.Inly  28  , 

14  ! 

23 
3U 
0  i 

22  I 
29  i 

4 
U 
22 
29 
14 

4 


Sipt. 


()<1. 


Xci 
1).- 

IH'.ll. 
May    15 


Jiiiii' 


J  Illy 


AiiK 


Niniioof  rmiknry. 

HfiAll  kill 

tlvi' 

Skliimii'- 
r«|ili'il. 

110 

123 
124 
130 
61 
24 
4 

111  for  na- 

I'lMlll. 

SkliiH  re- 
,|iH  teil. 

10 

Heals  kllleil  by 

leHHeeH. 

Ti.lal 
II  limber 
of  hiiiiIh 

kllleil. 

129 
123 
124 
155 
110 
83 
03 
110 
1U9 
109 
114 
95 
134 
255 
283 

233 

Itumark*. 

likiimiiu- 
ii-pli'il. 

SkliiH  1'.' 
.ji'ilfil. 

Liikaniinn....a  ••>■.... 

For  f'omj . 

i{««f 

liu. 

Uu 

J{4.,,('                        

25 
411 
59 
89 
110 
109 

iim 

114 

95 

111 

38 

l)i). 

dif         

Do. 

Ill), 

ill)       

Dii 

ilo                

Do. 

MIcIiIIk  Kill 

Ihi. 

\)i). 

Midilli'  Hill 

111). 

ilu 



1)0. 

...  ill, 

217 

283 

233 

Dm. 

....ill) 

1)11. 

it«l..f 



Du. 

ill) 

U.,. 

ill) 

104 
403 

10 

114 

483 
718 
1,112 
428 
430 
232 

Do. 

/a|iiiiliil« 

/ii|iiuliiliiiiiiil  litter  

N'ortlif'fiHt  i'oiiil   ... 

Do. 

71H 

1,112 

425 

Qiiutu. 
Do 

3 

D... 

Nortliidxt  I'oltil 

430 
232 

Do. 

Mid'lhi  Hill      

Do. 

HOII 
842 
173 
1,023 
110 
215 
400 
100 
121 
122 
178 
218 
118 
405 
100 

800 
842 
180 
1,  027 
119 
215 
400 
lOU 
121 
122 
178 
248 
118 
407 
100 

\Uwt 

Do. 

13 
4 

3 

Do. 

Kwf 

Do. 

Miiliilit  Hill 

Do. 

Uwf 

Do. 

...  ill) 

Do. 

ilo  . 

Do. 

ill) 

Do. 

Do. 

Mlllllll!  ilill 

Do. 

ill)       .    . 

Do. 

Keef 

Do. 

2 

Do. 

Uo. 

ToUtl 

0, 038 

947 

",917                  3 

10, 805 

Si 
O 

D 

Si 
M 


Ni 


NoTK  1 Of  till!  OijO  ti'\m:\m{  HkliiH  45  were  alven  to  tlio  nntiveB;  and  005,  stagey,  were  accepted  by 

tbe  leMseen,  to  be  xettlnd  lor  in  lnture  at  tlie  'IroaBiuy  Depai'tiiieiit. 

Nuts  2.— Ill  uiMii ion  to  the  nliMvo  total  there  were  killed  on  Kt.  Paul  Island  during  tbe  ujoutb  ut 
November,  1890,  'i,'M\  youug  pups  for  "  native  food  and  clotliiu|{." 

Joseph  Muiiuay. 
I'irat  Ainatant  Upecial  Aytnt- 


tdf4l 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 
Kxninn   I). 


285 


Annual  ttatemrni  of  fur  urah  killed  on  St.  (lrorp<^  Inland,  Matka,  diirinp  the  year  ended 

.liiijiml  i:,  ly.ii. 


tudi. 


><i  by 

til  of 
mt. 


Dam. 


1800. 

Ang.  1 
)3 
14 
21 
»() 

Hept.  9 
24 

Ort.  IB 
2'J 
.'10 

Dec.    4 

Sept.  l.'. 

IHIM. 

Mnv  12 


Rookery. 


Nnnilmr  ofHinln 
klll-cl  llM- 

IIUtlVKH'   I'd.  ., 


It 

10 
17 

III 

21) 

;t() 
1 
;i 
ft 

111 

■JO 

24 

2.'i 

Auk. 1-0 


Juno 


.Inlv 


North 

do , 

tlo 

<lo 

....  ilo 

do 

do  

do 

do 

do 

}^B|>nilni(i  Hkiim  tiikcn  liy  imtivo  wntcji. 
iiii'ii 

ZiipudiiluudWHkiiiiikillKil  hy  pinitrM.    .. 

Nort  h 

Kiisi 

North 

Niirlli,  Kast  iind  Stairy  A ticl 

Xapiidiiitt 

."^tarrv  Atrid 

Zapadnio 

Haat 

North 

Kait 

.Slarrv  Atrel 

North ; 

Kant 

North 

KaHf 

North 

Kant  and  Ml  tlo  K.ihI 

North  and  Znpadnle 


Skinit  nc- 
coptfd  liy 

h'SHfcH. 


117 
52 
42 


SkinH 
roiccl.d. 


XiiinhiT    of   HcaU 

killid  l>v 
h.'H.si'i'H  lor  hkIun 


HkinN        .^kinH 
ai(i']ili>d,   r<',iO(  ted 


.•il 


HI 
IH 
:iH 
;i2 

42 
50 

2H 
117 


17 
2:1 

h:> 

442 

274 


Total 

Left  over  from  lant  houboii. 


.'■■4 
54 
72 
181 
41 

1,.''>4(I 


427 


101 
2:1.") 
■IH 
2.-1 
l;i:i 
HI,') 
:lil 

nil 


Hill 


Novomhcr .")  and  7  tliore  wcri"  1,104  seal  pups  killed  for  nativi^s  and  clolhin' 
Note:  Un.ji'rtcd  Hkins  civcn  totho  nativPH. 


Total 
ninnhor 
of  srals 

kllU'd. 


07 
63 
42 
65 
63 
18 
»8 
32 
42 
6B 

79 
117 

17 

2:1 

H5 

442 

274 

lot 

235 
48 
25 

153 

lUS 
30 

119 
64 
64 
72 

181 
41 


2,803 
20 


101 


.Skinn  of  cow  \»'a\n  killwl  by  pirateH  and  rojnctcd 147 

Itojoctod  Htagey  skins ' \i9 


149 
427 


Al.liKHI    \V.  Lavendkii, 
Axuinlant  Treasury  Agrnt, 


Exiiiitn  E. 

[Tclpgrani.l 

Wahhingtox,  n.  r.,  May  21. 
On  .''enl  Island  there  are  2,371  salted  noal  Hkins,  1,25.5  of  which  are  claimed  to  be 
imnliantable;  balance,  rejected  skins.     Deliver  all  to  North  American  Conimercial 
(-'oMipany  subject  to  future  settlement. 

CiiAHi.Es  Fo.sTER,  Sixn.tary. 

VVlI.MAAl    H.    WlU.IA.MS, 

Special  Agent,  care  Collector  of  Customs,  San  Fruneiseo,  Cal. 


286 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


ExiriiiTT  F. 

Island  of  St.  Paul, 
Ihriiiji  Sea.  Jlaxka,  .iiinust  It,  1S91. 
This  is  t(i  certify  tli.it  10,7S0  fur-seal  skins  liavti  this  day  been  shipped  on  board 
till)  Nortli  Aincrit'im  ('iiiiipaiiy'i  steaiiitT  iniiiilUnii .  Captain  Hnniiitichl  coniiiiaiidiii;;, 
and  Lousigued  to  thu  ^'o^th  American  ConnntTcial  Company,  Sau  FranciBco. 

\Vm.  H.  Williams, 

TreaHury  Ayent. 

S.  Bonn  I  FIELD, 

Master. 


ExmniT  (i. 

Island  of  St.  George, 
Ihihifi  .Sen,  .Maskn,  Aiigunt  12,  1891. 
Tills  is  to  cortiiy  tliiit  L'.TiVJ  (lu-scal  sldtm  Iia\  o  tliis  day  lieen  shipiicd  on  board 
tlui  Xorth  .Vniericaii  Ciiiiini' rci.il  Company's  stuanior  I'lirnillone,  Captain  Honiiititdd 
connnandinn,  and  con.sifjncd  to  llic  Nurtli  American  Commercial  Compauy,  Sau  Frau- 
cinco,  Cal. 

Ai.uKKT  W.  Lavender, 
Assistant  Treasury  Aijent. 
a.  lioNMKiKi.D,   .Master. 


Kxiiimr  II. 

('alvh  of  the  I'iclor'ui  "VhHikj  JUtI ,  IS'JI,  us  rcpnrled  Si iilrmbcr  "0,  1S91. 


Nil 


Sappliiro 

E.li.. Marvin. 


'rriuiii]ili  . 
(yiirlutla  (i.  Cox... 

Viva 

I'atlifiiicli'r  (I'idiic 

iliiry  Taylor 

Cily'of  San  Diego 
Fa " 


■itc 


Kate  . 
Marv  ICll.' 
II  in 


Oscar  and  Ilatlie. 

IVncliiim 

Vc 


unl 


W.  ]'.  Savward. 
Mar.-ioMiic.... 
A.i\  Mninv.... 
Carnii'lit!! 


Ocean  llellc. . 

Bcatric(i 

lionii'  Olscn  . 
Walter  Kicli. 
(;.  It.  Tapper 

Aurora 

Teresa 

lielle  .Miiv... 
ThiHtle 


Sea  Lion  . 
AVanilerer 
WinilVeil . 
I'nilirina . 


denevia 

MaiMiS 

Annie  M.  Paint. 

Ivatlierino 

IJorenli 


Anoiko 

W.  A.  Eariri 

Labrador 

I!eatri(e,  Vancouver,  lirilisli  Columliiii 
Oroko 


Spring 
calcli. 

Fall 
catch. 

Total. 

1.01)8 

2,435 

3,443 

758 

758 

k:18 

182 

I,  020 

■<\1 

1,5!  5 

2,  032 

\.-m 

7U 

I,  974 

S74 

1,484 

2.  358 

497 

205 

7H2 

r.l2 

65:t 

1,16.'< 

:t74 

2,  o;)o 

2,  404 

(iO 

1,  100 

1,  I«0 

ii09 

22 

631 

020 

05 

5* 

409 

l.UBl 

1,470 

410 

410 

90 

660 

7.5.) 

7119 

801 

1,540 

!K> 

a 

788 

442 

1.581 

2,  02-1 

751 

1,6311 

2,  390 

751" 

1,170 

1.929 

:ti'o 

208 

50^ 

2110 

227 

427 

,-.19 

,519 

2;i5 

348 

619 

:;40 

45 

385 

;io7 

307 

701 

501 

1,202 

2114 

80 

374 

9:i4 

81 

1,015 

200 

339 

539 

104 
507 

104 

405 

912 

224 

207 

491 

:i94 

394 

l.')l 

154 

305 

KM 

1.224 

1,415 

47;t 

47.1 

400 

406 

l.ii4r, 

1,040 

2.08(1 

:i74 

220 

,501 

i;i« 

;08 

314 

4U(i 

25 

431 

Total . 


20, 449         23, 053         43.  ,502 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES.  287 

Catch  of  American  Healing  fleet,  1891,  aa  reported  September  30,  1891. 


Njiim*. 


eitteb. 


Emma  and  Loiiiac,  San  F'rancisco 

Ktlifl,  San  DiL'KO 125 

E.  E.  WcbHter,  Han  FranciHco i  fiiiO 

Henry  Dennis.  Sfattli) ""lO 

J.  H.  LcwiH,  San  Francisco 470 

Alliol.  Alger,  Seattle !  450 

C.  G.  White,  fan  FranciB<'i) | 

Kate  and  Amy.  Yaquina  Hay i 

San  Dii'Co,  San  Francisci) 

Helen  liliini,San  Franci.Hco 

l,illie  L.,  San  Framisco ! 

Undaunted.  Kodiak !  395 

G.  H.  White.  I'oit  Townsend \ 

James  (! .  Swan 54 

Kosie  .Sparks ]48 

Lottie.  N'eali  Hay 

Total '1.  I19'J 


Fall 
catch. 


Total. 


1.  08U  1, 080 

56  181 

600 

428  I  1. 178 

!  470 

I  450 

1.686  I  1.686 

830  630 

465  465 

46  46 

540  ,540 
395 

202  202 

54 

148 

460  460 

5,  593  8, 585 


KxHimi   I. 

[Telegram.] 

Washingtox,  U.  C,  May  21. 
Report  from  Lavender  .jnst  roceived,  per  steamer  Hear,  states  that  natives  on  St. 
Georjjo  Island  were  iiisiifHcieiitly  Hiii>t)lied  during  last  winter  with  food  and  fuel,  and 
coiisei|iieiitly  suffered  hardBhi])s.    Notify  North  American  Coininercial  Company  that 
at  least  70  tons  of  coal  will  bo  required  for  that  island  during  comini;  winter. 

O.   L.  Sl'AfLDING, 

Assistant  Secretarij. 
Wm.  H.  Williams, 

Special  Ai/ent,  rare  (nllertor  of  Ciisloms,  Sail  I'raiirinio,  Cal. 


KxmiiiT  .1. 

Offke  ok  Spf.ciai.  Agent.  Treahuky  Depahtment, 

St.  Paul  Island,  August  8,  1891. 
A\^^^.  I  inclose  herewith  list  of  widows,  orphans,  aged  and  infirm  people  on  the 
inlinds  of  St.  Paul  and  St.  (Jeorge  wlio  sliould  be  provided  with  the  necessaries  of 
life,  s'lch  as  food,  fuel,  and  clothing,  in  accordance  with  the  stipulations  of  tiio  lease. 
Aud  I  would  re(|uest  that  you  will  give  iustructi,ms  to  those  you  leave  in  charge  of 
the  company's  business  on  the  islands,  that  there  may  be  no  misunderstanding  rela- 
tive to  the  matter. 

The  (|iiestion  of  food  and  clotliing  for  the  natives  for  the  coming  season  is  a  serious 
oiie.  and  is  a  subject  of  considerable  solicitude  to  the  (iovernmcnt. 

The  limited  catch  for  the  last  two  years  has  not  given  the  natives  an  opi)ortanity 
to  earn  suflicicnt  money  t  >  (Minhase  the  necessary  su])plies  for  their  maintenance, 
and  the  suiall  amount  passed  to  their  credit  (excejit  in  a  few  lases)  must  necessarily 
8n(ui  be  exhausted. 

It  will,  therefore,  be  necessary  to  supply  them  with  a  reasonaide  amount  of  food, 
fuel,  an<l  clothing.  I  find  ou  investigation  that  for  some  rea.son  tliey  ar.'  unwilling 
to  eat  salt  salmon,  or  at  least  only  in  small  iiuantities,  and  I  would  therefore  suggest 
that  from  the  l.'Jth  of  IJeeember  to  the  \'ii\\  of  May  there  be  substituted  or  they  bt« 
permitted  to  purchase,  if  they  so  desire,  a  reasonable  amount  of  salt  beef  and  salt 
pork.  I  make  these  rerinests,  believing  that  you  are  desirous,  as  well  as  myself,  that 
these  people  shall  be  fairly  well  provided  for  <luriug  the  coming  winter. 
Very  respectfully, 

Wm.  H.  Williams, 

Special  Treasury  Ageiit. 
Okoiiok  R.  Tingle,  Vm{\., 

General  Agent  Xorth  American  Cominercinl  Company. 


288 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


ExuiuiT  K. 

IHatrihiition  of  prucfcdH  of  ,T,',,'^J  food-sinl  xkiim  to  the  nritivcn  of  St.  Paul  Island,  Alada, 
hij  /)'.  //.  Williaiiis,  'rrfii/iiir!i<ifii-iit,  (ix  jii-r  order  of  llir  Secrrlarii  of  the  Tredmirii,  Deparl- 
iiiiiit  Ifllir  Mail  7,  IS'Jl,  liriiujfroin  ««</»  hilUd  bi/  the  iial'trcn  for  food  diiriinj  the  fall 
of  ISS'J  and  winter  of  IS'JU. 


First  claHH : 

Kov.  Paul  .'-hai.slmikoir  . . 

AiitoiK!  .Mi'lovedoir 

Karp  Itiiteiin 

Jiicoli  Koocliiitiii 

Geoif^e  Kiiocliiitiii 

Tlieo.  Sedirk 

. . .     $3;!.  40 
...       33.10 
33.  40 
. . .       33.  40 
...       33.40 
. .  .       33.  40 

Agit!  Kiishii) 

33.  40 

Martin  NcihtrozotV 

iStc]K)Il  XiwliTiizotl' 

...       33. 40 
. . .       33.  40 
. . .       33.  40 

ret(!r  Kaiikotr.. 

Kikoloi  KaiikotF 

Kerrirk  'I'anokannH' 

Daniel  I'aroiiihin 

...       33.40 

.  . .       33.  40 

...       33.40 

33.  40 

Appolloii  ISiirdiikolHky  .. 
Zoclior  Uukori.shiiikdti'. .  . 
Eiiphiiri  KiiHlicriiikoll' ... 

Htepoii  Kozerotr 

I'artiri  I'aiikott' 

Nikoioi  (JnimolV 

Ilari  Stepokeii 

. . .       33.  10 
. . .       33.  40 
...       33.40 
...       33.40 
...       33.40 
. . .       33.  40 
■:3.  40 

Peter  IVtoli' 

Peter  Ousto'.'off 

Peter  Pe.sUuikoff 

. . .       33.  40 
...       33.40 
. . .       33.  40 

Total 

...     HOI.  (JO 

Second  class : 

Simeon  Melovertofl' 

Ci»H>r^«.'  Mniimotr 

...       30.  Oi 
30.  00 

Markel  Valkoli 

Keriii'k  Artainanoli' 

Korrick  ISiiterin 

30.  0(1 

...       30. 0() 

30.  06 

Vasseli  .Scdiileo 

30.  Oti 

S(i'<nid  class — (  onlinnc'd. 
l.iiphiin  Knockalen. . 
.John  I'ratcs , 


$30. 00 
30.00 


Total 240. 4S 


Third  cliiHs: 

Nctri)plion  Shntynp;an 

\  VM'wy  Arkosliolf 

.dm  Wlotoir 

Neon  TitolV 

Neeon  Sliobolin 

Alex  Ilansuu 


20.  72 
21!.  72 
20.  72 
20.  72 
20.  72 
20. 72 


Total 100.32 


Ponrth  class; 

DoroCoy  Stopelom 23.  38 

.I(din  KoDiliiitcn 23.  38 

Nikoioi  II(.i;:i(lMno():' 23.38 

Vladimir  Prokopiel" 23.38 

Pauilloburoll' 23.38 


Total  . . .     . 

Filth  class: 

Maxim  Krnkoli'. .. 

Alex  (iahditanoli' 

.Mex  Mi'lovodoll'. . 
Sixtli  class: 

Alex  MerkustilF  .. 

.lohn  Kuzintzotr.. 


110.90 


20.01 
20.  04 
20.  04 

10  09 
10.09 


Grand  total 1,  412. 80 


3,532  food  salted  scjil  skins,  at  40  cents,  $1,412.80. 


islaiMl,  Alaska. 


St.  Paul  Island,  Alaska,  June  SO,  ISOl. 

We  hereby  certify  that  the  several  amonnts  herein   named  as  tlio  share  due  t;a( 

individnal  ])articii)atin};  in  tlie  connnnnity  fniids  were  entered  to  the  credit  of  ti 

l)n>i;er  i)arties  on  the  books  of  the  North  American  (Commercial  Comjiauy,  St.  Pa 

island.  Alaska. 


United  .States  Treasury  Agent 


Wm.  H.  Williams, 

in  charije  of  Seal  Islands,  Alaska. 
Kri'KKT  Tymopi'udk, 

FivKl  Cliiif  of  Natives, 
NicoM  KuriiuifK, 

Second  Cliiif  of  Natives. 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


289 


Exhibit  L. 

DUtrihntion  of  proceeds  of  c.ll  skins,  food-seal  skins,  to  the  nativcH  of  St.  Ovorce  Island, 
Alaxka,  h;/  lym.  II.  Il'illwmn,  Treannni  aijeiit,  an  per  order  of  the  secretary  „f  the  Treas- 
ury, Depurlment  letter  Man  '',  ^«>/,  killed  fall  and  tointer  of  1880-'J0,  and  aUiiwed 
Irom  the  tslandx  on  V.  S.  .S.  Rush  in  Aaijust,  ISOO. 

K'tiv.  Iiiokeuty  r.e.stnikof 114.02 

l>ciii(!irii  l.uHtriikof ".!'..'..  14  ()2 

AiUciity  Noderozdf ........'.  11  ()2 

Alexander  (»iiHti(;<)f ...'.'.  14  02 

Koll'  riiiloinunot' '  m]  02 

('onieal  Gorokol" ll]o2 

EuMtiu  Swet/ipf M.'o2 

Simeon  I'liiloiuonol' \_\\  1 1!  n2 

u  ,     ,  ""  .tll2.  l(i 

Nikolai  .Malovonski 11, 1)1 

Aiidroiiict  I'liilaiiionof II,  !ll 

Audrean  I'liiloiuonol' '       lli  'jl 

.Stepoii  Lekauof "  . '       1 1 .  it] 

,,,,  .    ,    ,  '—      17.64 

Kvan  Kiilikolof 10  .-,2 

I'eter  Hezan/of ".'.'.'.'..".  10.  52 

Simeon  OnsteKof 10  .")2 

.losejili  MeikiililV _'  10.  52 

l'(!ter  I'rokojirof ..'...'.  10.  52 

ilike  Lostcukoi' 10.  52 

,,       „     ,  —      03.12 

I'ourtli  elas.s: 

(iie^oria  Pliilomanof 4  21 

|ji])liein  I'liiloinanoi' _  .{'21 

(ieuijie  .Meikulif 4!  21 

I'.iliii  (ialoiiin "  4'  -jj 

Inokeuty  Itciiaiizof \~>i 

VTM     ,  -—      -1-05 

.lidin  .Mirkulef 0.  SI 

Nikcdoi  .\I(!d('r()zof 2.  81 

Inokenty  rbilamonof \        2!  81 

—        8.  43 

■''"♦"' 2,52. 40 

St.  Gkokgk  Island,  Alaska,  June  "0,  IS'JI. 
Wo  hoveby  certify  that  the  sfiveral  amoinits  herein  named  as  tlie  shaic  duo  caeh 
individual  |iartieipatinK  in  the  eonnuunity  funds  were  entered   to  the  credit  of  tho 
.)ro|ier  parties  on  tho  booka  of  the  North  American  Commercial  Comnauv,  St,  Ueoi'tte 
Island,  Alaska. 

Wm.  H.  Williams, 
United  States  Treasury  Agent,  in  ehanje  of  Seal  Tstandu,  .llaska. 
Dkmktui  Lkstkxkofi', 

First  Chief  of  .\atives. 
ErsTiN  (liis  X  mark)  Swr/rziin-, 

Second  Chief  of  Satires. 
Witness  to  the  mark  of  Eustin  Swetzolf,  attest: 

MiLlON    15AUNKS. 

A.  W.  Lavkndeu. 
11.  Doc.  9L' 19 


290  ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 

EXHIlllT  M. 

TIk:  .\urlli  American  Vommercial  Company  in  luronnt  with  the  natirea  of  .S7.  /'««/  Island. 


Kill  id. 


Name. 


Flint  cld.^n; 

1  A iiHti^otl',  I'oter.iti** t««4iii *>■• 

2  Jiiitcriii,  Kiirp 

:i  r.iiidiiUolnkj,  Ai)iilloii   

4  (iroiiiotl,  Niculi 

5  K(ttclM)nt('ii..liH')>b 

0  Kriikcill,  Nicoli 

7  KiihImii,  Au'nii' 

8  Manilri),'!!!,  Neon 

U  Slclcviilotl,  Aiitoni) 

10  Nidarazdll,  Murliu 

11  Nwlarazoll',  Stcpaii 

12  I'aiiuicliiii,  Daniel 

i:i  I'aiikolV,  I'arliri 

II  Hli|i(!lin,  Klary 

15  TcrralinnalV,  Kcrrick 

1(1  'l't;I()ir,  I'cliir 

17  Si'iliilv,  TliCiHldii 

IH  Arloinaiiiiir,  Kcinck 

1!)  K(il<'liui>t('li.  KiipliiMiia 

ai  Swlule,  Vassili 

■Jl  Valkotr,  Markil 

21;  ISliuMlinikiifi;  l{cv.  I'aiil 

Sfnual  rlaHrt : 

2:1  Arka»li(>ir,  Ar»('Uey 

24  Kci/.crall,  Stcpaii 

2:1  MulividDli;  Alcxaudrr 

2n  lio^'iiilaiiafV,  Niiiili 

27  Kniaiicill',  (Ifiirgti 

28  (lliiti)IV,  .Iciliii 

2U  T(alj(inn,  Paul 

:I0  Haiisin,  Alrxaiiilor 

III  KuicliiMitc-ii,  Jllllll 

;i2  Mi-iriilill',  Alexander 

Ill)  I'roUiipiill,   V'ladiiiiii' 

;it  Shiilyanin,  Metnil'aii 

Ila  Mialiolill.  Neeiui 

;i(l  Slepetiii,  Doral'ttv 

1(7  TetiilV,  NcDii . . . . ; 

;iS  (lalaktioiieir,  Alexaiidei- 

:iU  Kdznilzair,  .liilin 

Special  eiaHs: 

40  Kolelioiitei!   I'eter 

41  Kozekiiil,  Sirji^on 

42  Srditl,.  I'hilip 

4:1  Zetiiir,  Zaeliar 

41  I'raliH.dcdin 

Wjd(»\\H, <n'i)lianH,  and  others: 

45  Melevi((oll'.  Mrs.  A.  (Me  bank  aeeoiint). 

4(1  Volkotr,  Ellen 

47  Kotcliooten,  Mary 

4H  KozirolV,  Mrs  I'a'iil  (nonresident) 

4'.1  Kriikoir,  Anna 

TiO  Krnkotl,  Maxim 

.M  Koznilzoir,  .\(;alia 

j2  KoslieivnikoK',  Avdiilia 

M  I'lislniikiiir,  Vassilisia 

.■4  I'lijioll,  Alaiiasia 

.'».'<  Kookn\-islinikotl',  Annissia 

."iii  Ifezanzol),  Anna 

.'i"  'I'errentovu,  Anna 

M  Stepetin,  .Vvdolia 

.'I'.i  Sijai.'^linikull,  Valerian 

(ie  SliaiHlinikolV,  Matrona 

(JI  Sliai^lmikoir,  (iein'ge 

02  i'oliinnotl'.  Halonu' 

(11)  Sliiityayiu,  (,'atlierine 

(14  Sedi<k,  .\vdotia 

(i.'i  Si'diek,  Klizahetli 

(1(1  ShaislinikolV.  Nedesda 

n?  rupolV,  .John 

OH  Sedick,  Zaeliar 

'»!'  I'-niiiiiotV.  Oatherine 

■(0  Slialiolin,  (Inlet a 

71  ZatznianolV.  Anxenia 

72  VatzmauuU',  Labbiu 


Ur. 


$;i.  4u 


Br. 


Division.      Total. 


2.  nrj 
6.40 


$21.. W 
fill.  :ir> 
711.  Of) 
21).  i(4 
20.  24 

5.  ir> 


U5.  i.HI 

.411 

.40 

22.  K5 

05.  «J 

2;).  1.) 

2(1.  (jO 

."■ill.  40 

,  190.  :)9 

I.-..  41 

47.  4H 

72.'i.  K.") 

,  4ri2.  (i:i 


i.;ii 

'2. 0;! 


1:1.  52 
32.  40 
200.  ;i4 
20.  70 
:i8.  78 
32.47 
25.  HH 
;i4.  !I0 
17.011 

'  i8.'('i3' 

'4.' 07' 

i;i(i.  h;) 
1. 22 
2.44 

2!i:i.  50 
2.50 


:i.  40 
i.'.m.'ai' 


«o.  :i5 
;ti!i.  (i;i 

;io.  15 
212.75 

42.  40 

22.  50 

20;i.  60 

44.05 

20.40 

3. 00 

34.40 

82.  00 

lis.  75 

130.  00 

1(15.  00 

UB.  05 

134.,'>« 

141.80 

200.  ,  1 

1)(1.  17 

07.  35 

171,00 

20.  '.'0 

02.44 

1,247.03 

75H.  03 

8.74 

8.74 


$140.00 
140.00 
1411.00 
14u.  UO 
110.00 

14ir.  (10 
140.(10 
1411.  UO 
1411,  (HI 
1411.011 
140.(10 
I  10.  (10 
140, 00 
UO.  00 
140.00 
140.00 
140,00 
140.011 
140.00 
140.00 

140.  no 
140.00 

122.  00 
122.0(1 
122.00 
122.00 
122.00 
122.00 
122,00 
122.(0 
122,00 
122.(10 
122.00 
122.00 
122.00 
122.00 
122.00 
122.00 
122.  liO 

40.110 
40,  oil 
40.  nil 
411.0(1 
77.00 


.f  130.  Co 
101.. 55 
10(1.  35 
213,05 
100.04 
100.21 
145.15 
137.05 
133.00 
175.00 
140.  40 
no.  10 
102,85 
20,-).  04 
103.  15 
Kill.  00 
100.40 

2,  330.  3(J 
155.41 
1M7.48 
h(i5.  fij 

2,  502.  03 

135.  52 
1.54.  40 

328.  34 
142. 70 
100.78 
154.47 
147. 88 
15>'.  on 
130.03 
120.  80 
1411.03 
11.1  07 
120.07 
258,  h3 
123.22 
124.44 
415.50 

42.  ,50 
4(1.  00 

43.  40 
40,00 

1,651.31 

80.  35 

319.03 

30. 15 

212.75 

42. 40 

22  50 

203.  (10 

4 1.  05 

ao.  40 

3.00 

34.  40 

H2.(I0 

118,75 

1311.00 

.165.09 

116.115 

134.  .59 

141.80 

200.  1 1 

«().  17 

1)7.35 

171.60 

20.  20 

«2.  44 

1.24''  03 

7     .  03 

0.74 

8.74 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


291 


Exhibit  N. 
Tlic  Xartli  Aiiitncttii  Cuiiiiiwriitil  Comjxinii  in  iicconiil  irith  tlir  iiatin.s  «/' .'•7.  (iciinjc. 

T 


I 


Folio. 


XltlllO. 


Dr. 

.\iiuust 
].  1881. 


Dr.       '       Dr. 

DiviHioii.      'I'tjliil. 


Cr. 


3 
4 

5 
li 

7 

8 
it 
10 
11 
12 

i;) 

14 
15 

1« 
17 

18 

iy 

20 
21 


2;i 

24 


27 
28 
2» 
30 
31 


I'MrHt  claM,'^: 

Lrstliikofl',  Rpr.  TiiiiiUriity  . . 

LfHtiiikiill',  Ileiiiitri 

Ncilanizdtr,  .\rkBiit.v 

I'liilniiiiiiKiiv,  Koir 

Pliilaiiiaiiiil)',  Siiiii'oii 

Ganiliiill',  (jiiriioHl 

Swi'lzoll'.  KiiHtin 

Sl'i'uikI  clas.s ; 

()ii»ti;,'otl',  .\li>xia 

Maliivanskv,  Nicdli 

I'liilainauoil,  .\ii(hr;iii 

I'liilainaiiolV.  Aiidriinir 

r.akanoir,  Stoiiaii 

Kiilikiiliir,  Joliii  

iici'.aii/.cill',  I'litcr 

OiiHtinoir,  Sirni'iiii 

MorculilV,  JoHi'iili 

]'rnko|iietl'.  I'ctrr 

Lestinkoir,  Mike 

'I'liinl  ilasa: 

l'liili>niiaii(>ll',  lir('f;iirr 

Merculilf,  (icorKr 

(ialaiiiii.  I'lirliri 

]li'/,air/.()lt',  liinnkciity 

Special  rlas.s: 

Nt'darii/.otl'.  Niroli 

llcrriilill,  .liiliii 

IMiilaniaiKiir,  IiiiiDkoiity 

rrokopii'll',  Al'aiiasia 

Wiiinwrt,  orphiuis,  «-tr. : 

li(*7.aii/.ot!,  SrrofViiu' 

McrculiU',  Xedisda 

MiTiiilit",  Mark 

MiTciiliir,  Stcpaii 

Vi'  Jotr,  Avdotia 


*1, 


014.  ii:; 
214.27 

23.  .^8 
11.23  I 

24.  .'■)8  I 
30.  .J8 
11.. W 

31.08 

(13.  03 

7.  32 

12.  «3 
33.92 
10.  55 

(!.  52 
4..'i2 
«.  .52 

13.  lU 
18.  70 

4.21 
4.21 


.tCO.  70   $1,(180.72 


1.5.  0(i 

2.  81 
2.,,1 
2.81 


27.  05 
14U.  34 
187.  54 

23.  (i5 
2M0.  1!) 


(i(i.  Cfi 
G(i.  0(i 
0(1.  80 
CO.  00 
00.00 
00.  00 

50.  on 

50.  00 
.50.00 
50.  (iO  ' 
.50,  00 
50.  00 
50.  GO  I 
50.  00 
50.00 
50.  00 
50.  00 

40,  (l2 
40.  (12 
40.  02 
40.  02 

25.  00 
25.  00 
25.  00 
25,  00 


I 


280.  «3 
UO.  24 
77,  8!) 
B1.24 
117,21 
78.21 

87,74  ': 
120.  2U 
03.  !W 
09.  21) 
!I0.  .58 
07.21 
03.  Ig 
01. 1H 
8.3.18 
Oil.  85 
75,  45 

41,23 
44.23 
40,  02 

55,  08 

27.81 
27,81 
27.81 
2.5.  00 

27,  95 
14!l,34 
187,54 

23.  05 
200. la 


I 


Total  i  2,7.5U,0!1      1,350.00     4,  103.(1!) 


I'.xiiiniT  <). 


.\    (■ll{(U:i„\U   LKTI'HK    TO   TIIK,    tilil'.KK    OUTIIODOX    l'Al!I,-<IIl().\i;l!S    u|. 


Hkktiiuex:  Tho  poiniiiittco  of  the  Kussiiiii  Heiiovoleiit  Society  of  San  rriiiicisco 
licroliy  iiifoiins  you  that  tlii!  funds  of  yonr  chincla's,  invested  in  nIimi'cs  ami  olilifjii- 
tioiis  of  Kussiiiii  railways,  and  iiitriiHted  to  lliii  care  of  tiic  head  of  tlie  Idsiiopric, 
have  l)cen  sokl  by  Misjio))  \aldiniii-,  and  tlio  money  la\  iwlily  dis.sipated  for  |)ur|ioses 
that  have  iiothinj^in  common  with  the  iiiti  rcstsof  tlit^  church  and  orthochix  relif^ion. 

'I'he  hi.shop  iin(h'istand«  that  lio  had  no  lifjlit  to  dispose  in  tliat  way  of  yoiii-  prop- 
erty, and  theroloi-e  lioin;;  asked  now  to  aecniint  for  tlioso  lands  hy  tlie  most  lioly 
Hvnod,  and  heinj;  niiahli^  to  do  mo,  jtroceods  to  .Maska,  w  ith  tlio  liope  of  olitaiiiiiij; 
from  yon  or,\oiir  ministers  some  document  testifyiiifj  that  tliosi!  funds  liave  liecu 
donated  hy  yon  to  the  ehnrch  of  San  Francisco.  A  document  of  tlial  kind  is.si.cd  hy 
yourselves  or  your  ministers,  while  exenlp.itin^  tlie  bishop,  wonhl  he  ei|nivah'nt  to 
yonr  rennneialion  of  any  claim  to  that  property,  which  otherwise  will  certainly  be 
restored  to  yon  by  the  most  hoI,v  synod. 

Wi!  advise  you,  therefore,  not  to  sive  in  to  any  orders,  sunjuionses,  or  eiitroutles  of 
tlie  hisho])  in  that  respect;  but  draw  up  innjuMliately  a  ]ietilioii  to  the  most  iioly 
synod,  which  you  may  forward  throuffh  the  consulate-jjencral  in  San  Francisco, 
rei|niriny;  the  roslitution  of  your  money,  with  Ici^al  intenist. 

We  hej;  to  inform  you  also  that  Uishoj)  \aldimir  lias  no  lonjicr  .jurisdiction  iu  the 
hislioiirie  of  Alaska,  having  hoen  recalled  hy  the  ukase  of  the  most  Indy  synod,  and 
theref(uo  lias  no  more  right  to  issue  orders  of  any  kind  in  tho  hishojiric  than  any 
l)rivat(;  citi/en. 

Hoping  you  will  ho  sulliciently  enlightened  by  this  circular  to  heablo  to  act  intel- 
ligently in  the  future,  we  remain,  united  in  faith  and  Christian  love, 
Kespectfully,  yours, 

t'oM.MirrKK. 

San  Fuancisco,  May  M,  ISOI. 


292 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


Exhibit  P. 

Ofi'ice  ok  Si'EciAi.  Agent,  Tueasuuy  Depahtment, 

St.  Paul  Inland,  AiujuH  0,  ISOl. 
Sill :  I  am  informed  tliiit  there  is  quite  a  snm  of  money  left  with  yon  by  one  IMhIiop 
Valdiniir,  who  claims  untliority  for  his  action,  to  transport  to  San  Friincisco.  It  is 
allcf;<)(l  that  he  snccceded  in  getting  this  money  ont  of  the  natives  by  false  rei)re- 
sentatious.  I  wonld  reijiiest  that  yon  defer  taking  the  money  off  the  islands  until 
the  matter  can  be  reported  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasnry  for  iustrnctious. 
Very  respectfully, 

Wm.  II.  Williams, 

Special  Tnaaiiry  Ayvnt. 
Geo.  K.  Tingle,  Esq., 

General  Ayvnt  North  Amerkan  Commercial  Vomimnij. 


ExiiiuiT  1{. 


UEl'OKT   OF   ASSISTANT   AGENT   MURRAY. 

OrricK  OK  Special  Agent, 
Treasury  Department,  Novemhir  1,  ISOl. 

Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  siibmit  my  annual  report  of  the  condition  of  atfairs  on  St. 
Panl  Island,  Alaska,  during  the  jjeriod  of  my  administration  there,  and  to  suggest  a 
few  changes  in  the  treatment  of  the  native  inhabitants  of  the  seal  islands— changes 
which  I  believe  to  bo  essential  to  their  moral  and  i)hysical  advancement. 

Your  predecessor,  Mr.  Charles  .J.  Gofl',  sailed  for  San  Francisco  on  tlie  10th  of 
August,  1890,  leaving  me  in  charge  of  St.  Paul  Island,  with  instrui;tions  to  see  to  it 
that  the  natives  were  not  allowed  to  sufl'er  for  the  necessaries  of  life,  and  to  certify 
to  the  North  Amorioan  Commercial  Company  for  all  goods,  food,  and  clothing  fur- 
nished by  them,  gratuitously,  to  the  natives.  No  such  goods  were  needed,  however, 
for  those  who  had  money  were  (|uite  economical,  and  the  coni))any  supplied  rations 
to  all  whom  they  believed  to  be  entitled  to  them  according  to  the  terms  of  the  lease. 

The  only  ditl'erence  between  the  Government  and  the  company  agents  was  caused 
by  the  widows'  fund,  which  Mr.  Golf  ordered  to  be  expended  only  for  clothing  for 
the  most  needy,  while  the  superintendent  of  the  company  had  ordered  the  local 
agent  not  to  issue  rations  to  any  but  heljdess  widows  until  the  widows'  i'und  should 
be  exhausted.  There  is  a  class  of  imfortunates  here  who  are  mothers,  but  neither 
wives  nor  widows,  and  two  of  them,  with  children,  were  in  a  destitute  condition, 
audi  ordered  them  rations,  to  be  paid  for  from  the  widows'  fuml.  In  the  meantime 
I  arranged  with  two  respectable  families  to  take  two  of  t'le  children,  and  later  with 
a  third  family  to  take  one  of  the  young  women,  where  she  earns  her  board  and 
dotliing  and  is  kept  out  of  '^vil  companiouship.  The  se<'<nul  woman  has  been  work- 
ing out  among  the  neighbors,  but  is  without  a  pernuinent  home,  and,  under  the 
circumstances,  ought  to  bo  supported  by  the  company. 

The  widows'  fund  is  now  exhausted,  and  it  will  be  wise  policy  never  to  call  it 
again  into  existence,  for  it  was  a  wrong  from  its  first  incejjtiou. 

It  will  be  well,  too,  to  definitely  settle  what  the  weekly  ration  of  food  and  the 
yearly  allowance  of  clothing  shall  be  :or  all  who  are  unable  to  provide  for  them- 
selves. 

On  the  28th  of  September,  18i)0,  the  island  was  visited  by  au  ejiidemic  influenza 
which  resulted  in  severe  sickness  to  the  greater  i)art  of  the  people,  nine  of  whom 
died  from  the  18th  of  October  to  the  Hist  of  December,  inclusive. 

I  herewith  inclose  the  report  of  the  resident  physician.  Dr.  Lutz,  in  which,  from 
a  professional  standpoint,,  ho  fully  describes  the  malady  and  its  ravages.  His  report 
was  written  at  a  time  when  I  was  anxious  to  have  it  reach  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasnry,  but,  owing  to  the  lack  of  mail  facilities,  there  was  no  opport\iuity  to  send 
it  off  the  island. 

That  the  natives  are  dying  off  very  rapidly,  that  the  deaths  exceed  the  births 
every  year,  is  only  too  true;  and  yet,  in  all  the  references  made  to  the  prevalence  of 
disease  and  sickness  here  by  those  who  have  written  or  spoken  on  the  subject,  I  have 
yet  to  see  or  hear  of  one  in  which  one  of  the  i)rincipal  causes  of  the  trouble  is 
named. 

That  the  germs  of  consumption,  scrofula,  and  kindred  diseases  have  a  firm  hold  on 
niiiny  of  the  natives  is  not  to  be  denied;  but  it  is  equally  true  that  with  some  slight 
and  almost  inexpensive  changes  in  the  manner  of  their  living  there  need  not  be  more 
than  one-half  their  present  fearful  death  rate. 

To  follow  up  the  question  in  all  its  details  would  require  more  space  than  can  he 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


293 


given  it  in  an  annnal  report,  but  it  will  ha  »n{t\i:u'i\t  at  pretiont  for  me  to  say  that  the 
entire  sanitary  iirningenient  here  noedH  nu  overhauling. 

1  do  not  say  tlirs  by  way  of  eouiplaint  agaiuHt  the  former  or  present  lessees,  bnt 
simply  lis  a  statement  of  fact. 

Had  tile  Treasury  agents  pnrsned  a  poliiy  somewhat  dilVerent  to  tliat  followed  for 
so  many  years,  and  had  tliu  iieojile  been  treated  as  human  beings  slionld  bo  treated, 
and  not  as  beasts  of  burden  or  slaves;  had  they  insisted  on  a  policy  of  kindness  to 
all  and  protection  to  the  native's  wile  and  daughter,  then  the  natives  of  the  seal 
isLinds  would  have  been  far  advanced  in  civili/.ation,  and  might  have  been  a  com- 
l)arativoly  iK'althy  and  happy  as  well  as  a  useful  ))uo|ile.  Unfortunately  the  greater 
part  of  twenty  years  has  been  allowed  to  pass  away  witliout  an  effort  being  made  to 
do  mncli  more  tor  the  natives  than  to  take  them  out  of  the  old  sod  houses  of  Russian 
times  and  put  them  in  comfortable  frame  cottages. 

It  is  a  disgrace  to  those  who  remained  silent  on  the  subject  that  there  is  not,  oven 
yet,  a  water  supply  for  the  natives  nearer  than  half  a  mile;  that  there  is  no  drain- 
age; that  there  is  not  a  water-closet,  except  one  for  the  school  children,  and  that  the 
filth  and  garbage  of  the  entire  village  is  left  to  decay  in  holes  dug  in  front  of  or  near 
the  dwelling. 

During  the  past  winter,  when  the  snow  was  several  feet  deep  on  the  level  and  from 
.5  to  10  feet  deep  in  drifts,  it  was  hard  work  for  the  strongest  men  to  reach  the  well 
from  which  the  natives  draw  their  supply  of  water,  and  it  was  often  utterly  inipos- 
sil>le  for  women  to  reach  it,  and  con: x.|iiently  they  depended  for  months  on  melted 
snow  for  water  for  d(>niesti<'  ])urposes. 

All  this  suffering  could  bo  easily  avoided  by  the  wise  expenditure  of  a  few  thou- 
sand dollars  to  j)iiy  for  the  machinery  necessary  to  ]ium))  and  force  the  water  into 
the  villiigc;  an<l  1  respectfully  refer  the  matter  to  the  serious  consideration  of  the 
Uopartnieiit. 

That  a  system  of  drainage  projierly  constructed  would  add  to  the  comforts  of  the 
peo]tl(!  and  jirevent  a  grt^at  deal  of  sickness  is  a  self-evident  proposition  to  (everyone 
who  has  looked  below  the  surface  to  investigate  the  subject,  and  it  can  not  I)e  estab- 
lished too  soon  if  we  would  save  the  remnant  of  the  natives  from  extinction. 

For  the  sake  of  common  decency  and  good  morals,  as  well  as  for  health,  it  is  nec- 
essary that  a  siiitalde  water-closet  be  erected  for  every  family. 

The  fuel  (luestioii  is  one  that  continues  to  come  to  the  front  every  succeeding  sea- 
son, and  it  should  l)e  settled  once  and  forever. 

The  lease  calls  for  80  tons  of  coal  for  the  natives  of  St.  Paul  and  St.  George — 'M 
tons  to  St.  George  and  50  tons  to  St.  I'anl ;  and  the  lessees  have  8Ui)plicd  every  jiound 
of  it.     Hut  SO  tons  is  not  enough,  and  nu)re  coal  is  an  absolute  necessity. 

During  October,  18U0,  when  nearly  every  family  on  St.  Panl  Island  had  its  i[Uota 
of  sick,  I  issued  coal,  and  continued  to  issue  it  through  the  winttu'  at  about  the  rate 
of  10  pounds  a  day  to  the  family  until  March,  when  I  had  to  cease  the  further  issue 
of  coal  to  heads  of  families  and  give  it  to  thr;  widows,  sick,  and  aged  jjcrsons  r)nly. 
When  they  were  killing  the  full  quota  of  8.5,0(10  seals  on  St.  Paul,  and  the  men  were 
earning  from  $1^00  to  .tdOO  per  annum,  it  was  the  custom  to  burn  the  fat  or  blubber 
of  the  seals  and  to  buy  coal  from  the  lessees  whenever  it  was  needed. 

lint  now  there  is  no  blubber,  and  thi^  earnings  are  very  small — far  too  small  to  be 
si)eiit  for  coal  at  lA  cents  i)er  yiound,  or  $1^3  CO  ])er  ton. 

I  am  well  aware  that  you  will  be  informed  of  the  existence  of  plen'y  of  driftwood 
strewn  in  large  (|nantities  along  the  beach,  and  of  the  laziness  of  the  men  who  neg- 
lect to  gather  it  for  firing;  but  when  one  knows  that  the  driftwood  is  not  so  very 
plentiful,  and  that  it  has  beini  water-soaked  for  months,  and  that  it  is  next  to  an 
im)>ossiI)ility  to  dry  it  in  this  damp  climate,  it  is  easi'v  understood  what  a  nuisance 
it  must  be  to  look  liy  or  live  near  a  lire  made  from  such  wood,  which  must  be  smeared 
over  with  blubber  bclbre  it  will  burn. 

If  for  no  other  reason  than  that  of  forever  doing  away  with  the  use  of  bl  ibber,  the 
present  quantity  of  coal  ought  to  be  increased.  This  blubber  is  strippetl  from  the 
seals  during  the  killing  season  of  .Inne  and  .Inly,  and  is  stored  in  tubs,  liarrels,  boxes, 
etc.,  until  wanted  for  use  in  cold  weather,  liy  v/hich  time  it  has  become  rancid  or 
rotten  to  such  a  degree  that  it  is  unlit  to  be  allowed  under  the  loot  of  civili/edman, 
mnch  less  to  be  used  to  cook  his  food  and  warm  bi.s  cottage 

Again,  in  order  to  olitain  the  firewood  spoken  of,  it  is  oftentimes  necessary  to  go 
across  the  island,  a  distance  of  8  miles,  through  deep  snow,  for  as  much  wood  as  a 
man  can  carry  lionn^  on  his  back.  That  men  sometimes  sit  down  in  despair  and  let 
their  families  snller  with  cold,  or  that  they  sifuandt  r  their  money  for  coal  at  the 
enormous  price  of  !f;!3.(iO  per  ton,  rather  than  undergo  such  hardships  for  a  back  load 
of  wet  wood  is  not  at  all  to  be  wondered  at. 

They  must  have  more  coal.  Two  hundred  tons  is  not  too  much  for  the  natives  of 
St.  Paul  Island  if  they  are  to  have  a  lire  every  day,  and  since  coming  into  ilpring 
Sea  I  have  not  seen  a  day  when  a  good  fire  was  not  a  necessity  to  every  family. 
Indeed,  I  find  they  have  bought  and  i>aid  for  out  of  their  scanty  earnings  153,050 


204 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


pounds  of  coal  from  Juno  1,  1S90,  to  May  HI,  1H91,  for  which  they  paid  11  fentu  per 
1)01111(1,  or  .+;!;(.(!(>  per  ton.  Now  all  tliiH  wan  in  addition  to  the  50  tons  I'lirniHlifd  hy 
th«  li'Hsc'os,  under  tht'  Icaso,  and  makes  in  round  nunil)«r8,  for  one  year,  110  tons  of 
coal  in  addilidii  to  the  wood  and  bliililxtr. 

fiood  lieallh  d(!))enils  very  larf{ely  ujion  comfort  and  cleaiilinesH,  and  no  people  can 
lie  coiiilnitalde  who  liavo  to  lie  rdiistaiitly  striij^;;liiijj  to  keep  a  iiiiseralile  lire  burn- 
inj^t,  made  ii])  from  wet  wood  and  rancid  fat,  nor  can  tliey  he  hoaltliy  lonj;  and  ho 
witiiiint  plenty  ot  ])Mre  water;  nor  can  their  children  ^row  nii  to  lio  rtdiiist  men  and 
women  wliere  drainafre  is  nniuiown,  and  where  the  very  air  tlicy  breathe  is  poiHonod 
by  tlie  aeciimulali'd  tiltli  of  twenty  years. 

"lint,"  we  arc  told,  "the  natives  will  not  try  to  do  anything  for  themselves,  nor 
atteni|it  to  im|irove  tlieir  Hnrroiindiiif;«.  " 

Adniitlin^  the  tiiith  of  all  tliis,  if  we  a])ply  it  to  a  small  miiinrity,  I  deny  that  it 
would  be  Just  or  li^lit  to  leave  them  to  their  fate  beeaii.se  of  their  want  of  knowl- 
edge 111'  the  line  status  of  the  ease,  and  I  insist  it  is  onr  duty  to  teach  while  wo 
assist  anil  eneimrafii!  them. 

lively  ajfcnt  who  has  tried  the  experiment  will  say  that  the  natives  are  doeil.i  .and 
obi'dient,  and  can  be  induced  to  do  almost  anything?  when  apjiroached  in  a  kind  and 
rational  nianiicr. 

l''or  y(Mis  the  natives  liavt^  been  denied  tlu^  riijht  to  bny  or  use  sn^jar  as  an  article 
of  diet.  be<aiise,  forsooth,  some  man,  loii!;  since  dead,  m>t  drunk  from  ((uas  made 
Iroiii  sii;;'ar. 

■fliat  theri'  have  been  eases  of  (juas-makinn',  and  that,  even  now,  a  naiive  will 
take  a  drink  when  he  has  a  clianeo,  is  iindonbtedly  true,  but  there  is  neiti  '  r  sense 
nor  reason  in  ]uiiiisliinif  the  whole  community,  younio;  and  old,  men  and  women 
alike,  lor  the  sin  of  oik^  or  two  nion  who  know  no  better,  and  who  can,  very  I'asily, 
be  ])e.rsnaded  from  repeatiiif;  the  act.  'Ihcre  has  lioeii  altoj^ether  too  much  said 
about  the  weakness  of  the  natives  for  strcnij;  drink,  so  nincli  so  that  it  is  eommonly 
bcli(^ved  in  the  I'nitcd  States  that  they  are  in  a  constant  state  of  intoxication,  when 
the  facts  are  the  very  oiiposite. 

]  was  on  St.  (Ji^orge  Island  fourteen  months,  and  a  little  lonjier  on  St.  Paul,  and  I 
have  yet  to  lind  the  second  drunken  man  on  the  islands. 

(iiiee,  on  board  a  steamer,  one  of  the  men  got  too  inneh  whisky,  enoii;;h  to  keej) 
him  olf  work  for  two  lionrs,  and  that  is  the  onlj'  case  of  drunkenness  I  ever  saw  on 
tli(^  islands. 

Besides,  were  they  the  inveterate  qiias-makers  they  liave  been  reiiresented  to  bo, 
the  w  ant  of  siiy;ar  wonld  be  no  bar  to  their  business,  for  they  can  inaKe  (pias  out  of 
nearly  e\  erythini;  they  use  as  food  or  drink,  swc^et  crackers,  jelly,  yeast,  etc.,  entor- 
ini:  larfjely  into  the  e(iiii])ORition.  Ami,  \vnt  thev«  be  objections  raised,  suf^ar  can  bo 
pre])arcd  very  readily  so  that,  it  will  not  fcrmi^nt,  and  yet  lie  all  rijjlit  for  ordinary 
use  as  food.  Two  ])er  cent  of  powdered  borax  mixed  with  sugar  will  not  injuro  it 
more  than  to  iirevent  feniientation.  'I'lie  siiuK?  is  trne  of  sulphate  of  calcinm.  I 
resiiictliilly  submit  that  it  is  worth  trying. 

Whenever  a  person  is  tak(!n  sick  on  the  islands  he  is  allowed  sugar,  but  what  is 
the  use  of  giving  him,  at  tlio  eleventh  hour,  the  very  thing  for  the  want  of  which 
his  sickness  origin.itedf 

Kspccial  atteiuion  is  called  to  the  subject  of  schools  on  the  seal  islands,  for  if  we 
are  t<i  snc(ee<l  in  teaching  the  Kiiglish  language  to  the  rising  generation  there  mu.st 
be  a  radical  reform,  amounting  indeed  to  a  complete  change,  iu  the  present  system 
and  nicthed  of  tt^iching. 

'I'liat  the  lessees  coniidy  with  the  requirements  of  the  lease  in  regard  to  schools 
and  teachers  is  true  enough,  but  the  defect  is  in  the  system  itself,  which,  owing  to 
many  causes,  is  not  the  one  adapted  to  the  conditions  existing  here.  One  of  tho 
most  serious  obstacles  in  the  way  of  tho  American  school  has  been,  and  is  now,  tho 
demand  nuiile  by  tho  church  that  all  her  children  must  learu  Russian  so  as  to  under- 
stand the  cliurcii  services.  Conseiiueiitly  a  great  deal  of  time  is  wasted  in  teaching, 
or  attempting  to  teach,  the  children  two  languages;  and  tho  result  is  what  might 
boexpecte<l;  they  repeat  their  lessons  from  day  to  day  in  a  slijishod,  meaningless, 
meehauieal  sort  of  way  without  over  comprehending  a  word  of  Knglish,  either  spoken 
or  written. 

It  is  not  that  the  average  native  child  is  unusually  dull  or  stiijiid,  for  ho  .s  not, 
but  it  is  because  the  child  never  hears  English  spoken  except  what  he  heiirs  in  the, 
school. 

What  is  TO.illy  needed  here  is  a  regular  industrial  school  in  which  the  pupils  may 
live,  and  where  they  will  he  under  the  care  of  a  husband  and  wife  who  are  trained 
anil  fitted  for  tho  wor«,  and  who  will  care  for  them  as  though  they  were  their  own 
children.  We  must  Imvo  such  a  school  if  we  are  to  succeed,  for  the  natives  are  not 
only  ignorant  of  book  i  and  book  learning,  but  of  all  tho  household  and  domestic 
economies   vhich  go  ti  make  up  the  truly  eivihzed  community  and  Christian  home. 

1  do  not  advocate  m.ssiouary  work  in  tho  sectarian  sense,  but  1  do  want  to  see  an 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


295 


iiiiliistii.il  Hclinol  horn  whcro  the  cliijilreii  may  have  a  truly  ('hrisfiaii  wnniiiii  t<« 
({ui(l«i  iind  (lircrt  tliciii  an  tlioy  urow  iij)  to  iiialurity,  one  who  will  dirt'ct  tlirm  as 
tlioir  imriutmiate  iiarcnts  hiivi!  urvcr  Ikmmi  (lirccti'd. 

I  advociito  tli(^  eni)d(>yin(iiit  of  toarhcr.s  of  loiiu  and  vaiird  GX|HM'iiMi('o,  men  find 
women  of  cliMvacter,  wIiohc  IdiiiiieleHM  liven  nliall  bo  a  unaninty  of  tlio  sneeess  of  the 
school,  iind  who  .ins  witlial,  dovottMl  to  the  work  lor  the  niikv.  of  the  irood  to  ho 
aceoinplishod,  and  who  are  not  ahovo  Htoopin^t  down  tn  lift  up  the  poor  and  lowly 
om^s  in  w  hose  wellnre  so  \ory  few  take  iin  iiitorost. 

Till  re  jiri>  at  jiresent  on  St.  Paul  Island  L'.'i  hoys  and  37  girls,  who  aie  over  .'i  and 
und<'r  IS  years  of  a;{e,  who  oii;fht  to  he  und.'r  the  iminedi;iti'  lare  :ind  control  ut' 
such  tciichers  lis  I  have  snjrjrested.  With  sueh  care  iinil  safejjnards  thrown  around 
tliem  tliey  would  j^row  n|)  to  he  useful  men  aii<l  wonuui,  nioriilly  jiiire,  jihysically 
healthy,  and  mentally  improved — a  credit  to  lis  nil. 

Durin;^  the  month  of  .'^t^ptemhiT,  IH'.IO,  I  sent  (i  orphan  ;;irls  to  the  sihcwd  at  I'lia- 
liiskii,  and  in  .liiiie,  IHIII,  I  visited  tliem  there  and  found  tlicni  so  mu'li  iliamccd  for 
the  hetter  in  every  resjiet't  tliiit  I  iim  sorry  there  is  no  ro(nn  in  the  schiml  tn  acc-oni- 
modiite  a  lew  nwu'c  of  tlie  oi|dians  on  .St.  I'aul.  who  have  no  one  to  euro  for  them  as 
children  sliiiuld  he  cared  for. 

As  wo  have  sn  many  children  on  the  islands,  anil  as  their  parents  ohject  to  let 
them  t;o  to  rniilaska  to  sidiool,  even  if  there  were  acconniiodations  there  for  them, 
1  res])(Mtfully  suhniil  that  an  industrial  scho(d  he  estiihlished  hei'e  as  soon  as  pos- 
fiihle,  and  that  its  entire  manageinent  shall  h(!  under  the  evclusive  control  of  tlio 
(iovcrnnient.  I  am  well  aware,  of  the  fact  that  my  sui^^cstii  s  for  so  many  changes 
in  helialf  of  the  natives  may  look  like  extravaj;anc(!  and  lie  ridiculed  hy  all  wlm 
would  ciintiniio  the  jircsent  system,  but  I  know  the  people  are  dcserviiij;  of  all  I 
am  iiskiiif;'.  and  I  have  faith  in  their  jilodges  that  the  conlidence  reposed  in  tliem 
will  not  lie  iiliuscd. 

It  is  tru(!  they  aru  poor  and  lowly  and  illiterate,  and  iKuorant  of  many  things 
known  to  the  more  fortunate  of  mankiuit;  hut  their  lidolity  to  (iovernnieiit  inter- 
ests, their  love  of  order,  and  their  oliedionce  to  law  compels  all  who  fairly  study  the 
sltu.itiiin  to  honor  and  res])cct  them. 

Ifjnoriiij^,  for  the  tinui  lieiuff,  the  moral  obliyations  we  are  under  to  do  all  in  oiii' 
power  to  save  them  from  extinction,  and  coming;  down  to  the  (|uestion  of  expense, 
wo  tlnd  that  the  actual  cost  of  makinjf  the  chauf^es  su;;if(!sted  would  he  so  small  in 
jiroportion  to  the  j;ood  accomplished  in  savinj;  and  civili/injj;  a  people  so  woiihy, 
that  it  would  la;  a  sliauK?  to  allow  such  a  considoration  to  retard  the  ;;ood  work  for 
a  moment. 

I  left  St.  Paul  Island  on  An  gust  28,  and  at  that  time  the  n.atives  were  in  fairly 
)j;ood  health,  and,  as  therii  has  heon  100  tons  of  coal  landed  for  their  use.  and  as  the 
Ics.secs  have  lironj;ht  a  i)leiitiful  siijiidy  of  food  and  clothing  of  a  i|iiality  luucli  hit- 
ter  than  usual,  1  expect  they  will  he  comfortahle  and  well  su]>plied  duriiif;  the 
winter  ho  far  as  their  physical  wants  are  concerned. 

In  accordance  with  your  instriK'tions,  I  have  written  up  the  census  of  .lune  HO, 
IHill,  and  I  herewith  transmit  a  cojiy  of  the  same,  which  shows  a  decrease  in  popula- 
tion of  Hi  ])crsons  since  .lanuary  1,  IKilO,  a  iieriod  of  eii;liteen  months.  Italso shows 
that  we  have  17  more  iemales  tlian  males,  and  that  L'(i  of  that  surplus  are  widows. 

1  lespectfiilly  sn};;;i'st  that  an  elfort  he  made  to  induce  younji;  men  to  conui  here 
from  any  or  all  of  the  islands  of  the  .Aleutian  chain.  The  i)lan  should  he  to  hrinjj; 
none  hut  ^iiunj;,  healtlij'ni(ui,  who  would  come  to  marry  and  nnike  peiinanent  homes, 
and  to  take  hut  a  few  from  each  island.  Hy  recruitini;  from  all  of  the  islands  a  few 
younjf  men  might  lie  obtained  from  each  without  injury  to  any;  but  the  idea  of 
removinfT  the  entire  po|)ulatioD  of  one  island  is  a  very  unwise  one,  heeauso  the  jicople 
as  a  whole  do  not  desire  it,  nor  would  it  be  just  to  the  lessees  to  encumber  them  with 
BO  many  wiio  an;  old  ami  helpless.  The  subject  requires  the  serious  consideration  of 
the  Doiiartmont  and  deserves  the  attention  of  all  who  are  interested  in  the  welfare 
of  the  seal  islands  and  of  their  inhabitants. 

A  controversy,  extendinjj;  over  tlit^  civilized  world,  is  now  being  carried  on  as  to 
the  causes  which  have  led  to  the  destruction  of  the  fur  seal  in  so  short  a  sjiace  of 
time,  ami  many  jdansible  tlu'ories  have  been  advanced  by  men  of  scientilic  attain- 
ment and  sound  knowledge  who  are  earnestly  endeavoring  to  solve  the  prolilcm,  and 
also  hy  men  who  have  no  interest  in  the  mailer  beyond  that  of  distorting  facts  for 
the  sake  of  present  gain  and  profit  to  themselves  and  friends  at  the  exiiense  of  valu- 
able vested  rights  and  in  deliance  of  law  and  reason. 

Every  imaginable  cause  is  named  aa  the  one,  except  that  of  pelagic  hunting,  while 
it  is  a  well-established  fact  which  admits  of  no  contradiction  that  the  seals  are  being 
exterminated  by  incessant  hunting  in  the  Pacitic  Ocean  and  Ueriug  Sea  by  a  lleot  of 
vessels  fitted  out  for  that  avowed  purpose. 

The  olUcial  records  show  that  after  the  .Vlaska  Commercial  Company  had  taken 
100,000  seals  every  year  from  1870  to  1883,  a  jteriod  of  thirteen  years,  the  seals  had 


296 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


increased  Hlenilily,  until  in  Iss;?-Hl  it  was  euHV  to  take  the  i|ii(ita  of  100,000  lietwren 
,lnne  I  and  .Inly  'JO,  or  at  tlie  ratu  of  13,000  a  day. 

It  was  alioiit  tliis  |>eriod  the  Healint;  sclnHHiors  1io;;an  to  appear  in  llorinfj  Sea  wiih 
tho  re^fiilarity  of  llii'  Healn  tlienwelve.s,  and  as  the  Helioonors  inereasod  in  nnnilier  ami 
HyHteniatizod  their  inetliodH  of  talvin;^  Heal,  the  .seaJH  decriMised  ho  r,ii>idly  that  in  |XH!I 
it  waH  fonnd  iieeessarv  l>v  the  lessoen  to  take  40,000  small  seals  in  order  to  fill  np  the 
«|iiota  of  100,000. 

Only  21,000  innrchantahle  seals  were  taken  by  the  lessees  in  1800,  althongh  a  Rroat 
elfoit  was  made  to  secure  a  larj^er  crateli. 

It  is  a  W(dl-kno\vn  faet  that  IVoni  the  timo  onr  (iovernmont  took  possession  of  the 
Heal  islands  in  IHtW  nntil  IHHH  there  wns  not  a  sign  of  any  diininntioii  in  tiio  niiniher 
of  se.'ils  eominfr  upon  th(!  rookeries.  I  »iirinH;  my  residence  here  I  have  endeavored  to 
get  as  iinich  information  as  I  |iossil)ly  could  from  every  sonree  within  reach,  and  I 
never  met  a  jierson  who  lived  here  any  lenjjth  of  time  who  ((ver  lliouj^ht  of  attrih- 
nting  thoflestrnction  of  seal  life  to  any  other  cause  than  that  of  tlni  seal in}j  schooners, 
Korean  an  miprciliudiced  jiorson  aliow  any  other  cause  after  once  witnessing  tlie 
destriicti(ui  of  seal  life  on  tlio  lookeries  after  a  few  days'  operations  of  a  schooner  in 
the  innnediate  vicinity,  riie  cows  are  shot  and  killed  while  passing  lietween  the 
rookeries  and  the  feeding;  hanks,  and  tlie  l)nps,  deprived  of  i)roper  snstoiauce,  die 
n)>on  the  breeding  grounds  l>y  thousands. 

It  needs  not  a  Hcicntilic  training  to  understand  this  thing,  nor  is  there  a  native  on 
the  islands  so  dull  as  not  to  understand  it  thoroughly  in  al'  its  relations  to  tlie(|ues- 
tion  at  issue. 

Anell'ort  lias  been  made  to  show  a  d(HT(!ase  of  seals  because  of  a  shortage  of  bulls, 
and  I  win  li'd  into  the  belief  of  that  theory  until  I  investigated  it  for  myself,  ami 
found  it  ti)  lie  erroneons  and  altogether  iintouiililo. 

I'Mrsuant  to  instructions  from  you  I  visited  the  rookeries  at  ditVerent  times  between 
.July  7  and  22,  and  1  carefully  ex.imineil  and  noted  their  condition  on  the  dates  of 
my  several  \  isits.  It  luis  liccTi  coneoded  on  jill  sides  that  the  rookeries  are  at  their 
fullest  and  best  from  the  10th  to  the  20th  of  .luly,  and  I  found  such  to  be  the  case 
in  every  instance. 

Uuring  (lie  earlier  visits  made  by  me  I  observed,  and  .actually  counted,  all  the 
idle  bulls  on  each  r()r)kcry,  and  as  the  soascui  advanced  and  the  harems  were  tilled 
with  cows,  the  idle  Inilli^  become  fewer  and  fewer,  and  yet,  on  the  22d  of  .luly,  alter 
the  cows  wcn^  all  in  and  had  lirought  forth  their  young,  I  countcil  l,2.'j0  \  igoroiis 
bulls  idh-  aim  without  cows;  and  in  hundreds  of  instances  1  saw  harems  or  families 
where  a  bull  had  only  2  to  1  cows,  iiltliongh  the  majority  of  the  bareiiiH  consistinl  of 
from  ;!0  to  40,  a  fact  that  ])roves  tliore  is  a  surplus  of  bulls  and  not  a  scarcity. 

I  discovered  very  few  cowa  without  pups,  and  they  were  young  cows  coming  on  to 
the  breeding  rookeries  for  tlio  lirst  time. 

Were  it  true  that  bulls  are  scarcer  it  would  be  very  easy  to  prove  it  by  the  sliortage 
in  the  crop  of  pujis;  but  it  is  not  true,  for  there  is  hardly  a  cow  on  St  Paul  Island 
that  has  not  a  pup  by  her  side.  The  real  and  only  cause  of  the  rajiid  decrease  in 
seal  life  is  the  indiscriminate  slaughter  of  the  cows  at  sea.  It  is  absurd  to  talk  of 
injuring  the  herds  by  overdriving  on  land,  because  the  cows  are  neither  driven  nor 
disturbed  by  any  person  on  the  islands  during  the  period  of  tlicir  stay  there. 

Nor  is  it  true  that  the  lessees  have  ever  injured  the  seals  by  overdriving. 

I  have  iiersonally  witnessed  the  driving  and  killing  of  seals  by  the  lessees  during 
the  seasons  of  18S0,  ISltO,  and  1801,  and  it  was  all  done  under  tlie  immediate  direction 
and  in  the  presence  of  the  Treasury  agents,  and  not  one  of  them  has  over  claimed 
that  a  seal  was  injured. 

j\o  seals  can,  or  ever  could  be,  driven  on  the  islands  contrary  to  the  will  of  the 
Treasury  agenr,  and  1  will  venture  the  assertion  that  not  one  seal  in  ten  thousand 
liaslieeii  injiireil  by  the  lessees  or  their  agents  since  we  owned  the  seal  islands.  The 
natives  attend  to  the  driving,  exercising  the  utmost  ciiro  that  the  ])ace  shall  be  so 
slow  and  steady  that  it  is  imiiossible  to  injure  the  seals.  Overcrowding  or  over- 
driving would  li('  more  injurious  to  the  lessees  than  to  any  one  else,  and  lor  that 
reason  alone  the.v  could  not  ailord  to  ])erniit  it. 

F.et  it  be  borne  in  mind,  too,  that  the  local  management  of  the  islands  has  not 
been  turned  over  to  new  or  inexiieriencod  men  siucc^  the  leasi-  has  been  awarded  to 
the  North  American  Comniercial  Coinpan.y;  the  two  men  who  have. superintended 
the  killing  of  seals  for  the  jiast  twenty-two  years  are  still  in  charge,  and  I  know 
they  could  not  be  expected  to  overdrive  or  allow  it  to  bo  done. 

Whenever  a  seal  is  accidently  injured  on  a  drive,  he  is  immediately  killed  and 
skinned  and  that  is  the  last  of  the  matter,  for  the  death  of  a  male  seal  is  no  injury 
to  the  herd  so  long  as  the  breeding  seals  are  not  disturbed  or  slaughtered. 

There  is  such  a  mass  of  evidence  and  from  so  nian.v  sources  to  prove  the  destruc- 
tion of  the  seals  by  pelagic  or  deep-sea  hunting,  that  no  liouest  man  thinks  it  neces- 
sary to  look  for  any  other  cause. 


ALASKA    INDUaTRIES. 


2!»7 


Acc()iii|iiiiiii>il  liy  Ajjriit  r.MiiK'M,  Mr.  I'dwIit,  of  the  N'nrtli  AiiHTicun  f'niiinirrciiil 
Ccniiimii.v,  iiiiii  l(.v  tlin  lliiliuli  roiniiiiMsioiicrs,  I  visitcil  TolHtoi  roiikcr.v  "ii  August  1!(, 
mill  Ai'  louiiil  tliiiimiiiiiU  III  (Iciul  |>ii]iN,  rdvrriiiK  '^  Hpaco  iil'  about  5  avroH,  iiiiil  their 

lllntlM'I'S   llMll  lliMII|ipi>lll'l'll. 

l>r.  DiiwHoii,  (iiic,  lit'  lliK  rdiniiiissidiKTM,  took  kddiik  vIbwh  (if  tlm  iiliuc,  :iii(l  win  ix 
III'  umIuhI  1110  what  I  ihoUKlit  Wiw  tlui  raiiHiMil'  their  iluath,  1  iiiihw<timI  :  ••  Tliiir  iiiotli- 
I'l.M  liavn  luM'ii  killiil  at  Nra.'' 

.Siiini  I  li'ft  St.  I'aul  Inlaiiil  I  have  ri'i'dvi'd  a  letter  from  AKciit  ItnriirH.  in  whinh 
hi'Ha.vs:  "  Voii  iriiu'.iiilirr  thi' aiipraiaiiri- iil  TolNtoif  I  visitril  Ilall'way  I'niiit,  ali>iij{ 
with  Mr.  l'"owlri'.  anil  tiiiind  thu  Haiiic  statu  oC  all'airH,  or  wni'bo;  and  tliiise  who  hiivo 
liri'ii  to  Noithi'iiHt  I'oiiit  Hay  it  Ih  Htill  woimu  thiTo.'' 

jiiiirin;;  in  iiiinil  that  thii  NiirthcaHi  Point  iH  the  larjjost  rookor.v  in  the  world,  it 
JH  no  n.\a};K«''"*''in  to  Hay  that  hetwcoii  'JO.IKIO  anil  ;t(l,(MH»  piip.s  ari'  lyin;;  dead  at  St. 
I'aiil  Ixland  wliosu  niotlior.s  wi'it'  Hlinij;litiTi'il  Ity  nraliiij;  .-irhooiierB  in  the  i>|ieii  Hea 
anil  the  pups  li'tt  to  staiM'  upon  tbi'  Miokrries. 

'I'lio  theory  of  an  oi'iasioiial  I'pideinic  anions  tho  Hoaln  has  lini'ii  broaclicd,  and 
]ilaiisililit  ai'Kiiini'nlH  all^  ami'il  to  prove  that  the  derreast)  in  seal  lifit  ran  bi;  ai'coiiutod 
1(11  without  lihliiiinir  thr  Hcaliiij;  HrhooniM's,  but  as  the  '•oldest  inhabitant "  ou  tho 
islanils  has  no  riTollrrlioii  of  anylhinj;  of  the  sort,  and  as  no  oiir  I'vor  saw  a  do/cii 
ib'ail  cows  on  any  lookiry,  it  Ih  sale  to  say  there  is  no  louiKlation  for  or  truth  in  the 
I'piileiriic  tlii'ory. 

It  is  not  for  nil'  to  say  what  coiirHe  shoiilil  be  pursued  in  the  future,  bnt  it  is  Nolf- 
eviilenl  (o  all  who  know  the  jireseiit  eonilitioii  of  tile  seal  rookeries  that  tile  iiiilia- 
eriniiiiate  Hlainjliler  of  seals  in  the  opri;  sia  most  be  stopped  at  onie  if  they  are,  to 
be  preserved  Ironi  total  extinelioii  mil  the  nnfortuiiMte  natives  of  the  seal  islands 
saved  troni  starvation  and  panperiHin. 

K'e»p(;etfully  Hiibniitteil. 

.losi'.i'ii  MumsAY, 
Firil  ^Iss'mlant  Tirasiini  Jyrnt. 

Ma.j.  \V.  II.  Wll.l.lA.M.s, 

Aijcnt  ill  Charijc  of  Ihe  Snil  fshiiula. 


Kximiir  S. 


liKrni.'T  111-  As.msiANT  a(;knt  r.AVF.NnRn. 

Ofi'he  or  Spkciai.  Acknt, 
Treasiiri/  Iiepartiticnt,  ynvrmbcr  J,  tS91. 

8in:  I  linvo  the  honor  to  BVibmit  the  following;  re)ioit  upon  the  eondition  of  the 
seal  rookericH  on  the  island  of  St.  (;eorj;e  and  of  the  native  inhabitantH  thereof, 
to;;ellier  with  the  recoiiiinendations  for  the  better  fjoverninent  of  tho  island. 

Duriiif;  the  seasons  of  IWH)  and  1891  I  was  iijion  the  island  and  noted  carefully  the 
condition  of  the  breedinjj;  rookeries.  I  I'oniid  a  marked  decrease  in  the  iinnilier  of 
81'als  upon  all  the  rookeries,  with  perhajis  one  exception.  As  sugjjested  by  you,  I 
earefiilly  observed  the  seals  u)i(in  the  breeding  grounds,  in  order  to  learn  whether 
there  is  a  scarcity  of  bulls,  and  am  conviiiecd  that  the  decrease  in  seal  life  eiin  not 
be  attributed  to  that  cause,  as  there  appears  to  be  a  surplus  of  bulls  n|ioii  all  tho 
rookeries. 

As  a  result  of  my  observations  I  am  convinced  that  the  diiniimtion  of  seal  life  is 
largely  due  to  the  indiscriminate  slaughter  of  the  female  seals  when  away  from  the 
rookeries,  either  going  to  or  retiirniug  from  the  feeding  grounds. 

While  at  Uiialaska,  on  my  return  troui  the  se.il  islands,  1  had  a  long  conversation 
with  the  cajitain  of  a  hiintin,'  schooner.  He  informed  me  that  ho  had  hunted  seal 
in  liciing  .Sea  every  season  for  tho  last  live  years.  I  examined  a  number  of  seal 
skins  he  had  on  board  the  schooner  which  were  taken  during  the  month  of  August, 
and  found  that  of  his  total  catch  of  178  .skins,  more  than  MO  ]ier  cent  were  of  femalo 
seals,  lie  also  informed  mo  that  there  was  abundant  evidence  that  the  females 
killed  were  almost  invariably  mothers.  He  stated  that,  notwithstanding  tho  fact 
that  he  was  engaged  in  the  business,  ho  did  not  aiiprove  tho  practice  of  shooting 
seals  in  the  waters  of  liering  Sea  for  the  reason  that  nearly  all  tho  seal  shot  wore 
either  killed  or  wounded  and  not  more  than  one  in  six  was  secured;  also  that  the 
liroportion  of  female  seals  killed  this  season  was  not  greater  than  it  had  been  in 
former  years,  as  ho  had  known  ItH)  seals  to  be  killed  in  a  single  day,  of  which  il8  were 
females. 

When  tho  mother  seal  is  killed  before  tho  month  of  October  of  any  year,  the  young 
must  starve,  as  it  has  no  means  of  sustaining  life  other  than  the  nourishment  from 
the  mother. 


208 


ALASKA    INDITSTRIES. 


I>iirit)|;  tlin  laxt  M<>n-<(iii  (Iiitc  wire  niortt  tlmn  oin>  liinnlnMl  scIihoiicim  i'in{ii;;r<l  in 
Hi'iil  liiiiiliriK  iiritiinil  tin-  Alciiliitn  IhIiuhIm  uixI  in  tlir  wiitris  of  Helium  >i'm.  Soiiic  >,{ 
tlicMit  vi-NHflH  Hi'i'iiri'il  ()V(!r  I^.IKKI  MkiiiH,  mill  it  wiMiliI  hvmw  tliiit  iiiilrNH  |iriiiii|il  iiii':iif 
iii'cM  nil!  liikt'ii  fur  till*  Hii|i|iri!Hsiiin  of  |i(tlii);ii!  Mt'iiliiiKi  'lii^  oiicti  iiiiiiii'riiiiH  iiml  viilu- 
iililit  fur  lii'uiiiiu  iitiiiiiiil  will  Moon  lilt  t'xiiiivf. 

In  arcoKl.iiici'  with  Mm  inHtnirtioim  rcccivoil  from  your  pipilorcHMor,  I  |i<'riiii(fi<l 
tliii  niitivi'H  to  kill  ill  NovcmiIht  IiihI  I.Ki'l  yotini;  iiialt^Hi-ul  |iii|is  for  I I  .iiiil  riolliiij/. 

I  foiiiiil  liy  ^ictiiitl  ti^Ml  tlio  KroHH  wi^inlif  of  an  iivcriijio  simI  |iii|i  ;i'I('i  iIih  mUiii, 
liliililii-i,  ami  ••iitraIN  jiail  luin  icmovoil  wan  only  II!  iioiiiiiN.  I  >iMlii('tiii;;  iIh' wiM^ilil 
of  till'  lioiii'M,  u  liirli  was  ii  littlo  ovur  .'>  poiniils,  lolt  li(<tw<M'n  7  ami  ^^  |ioiiiiiIh  of  ni«Ml 
of  a  very  |.  or  i|iiality. 

Ah  I  III-  naiivi'Hof  the  IhIiiiwIh  ilonot  nm*  tlioHkin  for  clotiiliiK,  an<t  tli«Ntiiall  uiiioiiul 
of  riical  K<!riiii'i|  ijocH  notJiiHtlfy  tliH  killlMK  of  Hinall  |iii|i  hcmI.  I  woiiM  iicomiiKiiit 
that  till'  iinu'tiri'  lie  illHcont iniiiMl. 

A  larger  MMpiily  of  I'lirl  will  moro  tlian  rom|icn8utt'  tlii-ni  for  lln'  Iohh  of  bjiiljlit^r, 
wliii'li,  at  you  unnw,  liaH  lii'xii  UHcd  in  lion  of  fiiol. 

On  .iiiiii!  ;t(i,  IHJH,  till,  nativi'  inlialiitants  of  tlio  islaml  niimlior^nl  HS  ikm'hoiin  of  a/I 
amsM,  10  of  wlioiii  wi'rii  inaloH.  Tliny  livo  in  Ud  Imiiscs  ami  an-  ili<  iilcil  into  L'2  faiiii- 
liiM.  'I'Ikmi'  ««'io  7  liiitim  ami  1 1  dratliH  diiriii^  tlio  hint  yoai.  'I  lii^  ajjcof  tli';  olilont 
iialivo-liorn  pcr^-on  on  tlin  iHlaml  is  only  I'l  yiars. 

'I'lio  ilratli  iat<i  liaH  lic«tn  lar^i-r  than  that  of  tlio  birthn  for  the  ii.iHt  ton  yi'ari*.  If 
Hoimthirii;  Ih  imf  iloiie  to  imiirovc  tliiir  comlitinn,  llir  iNliiml  will  in  tliiii'  In  coiik^ 
ili'|iii|iiilali'il  aiKJ  thit  rar)M)lilit<'rati'il.  Most  of  tin '  nalivi'H  air  alilirtril  w  itliHriolnla 
ami  lii-nilitary  ronNiim|itioii,  raiiHiil,  I  think,  liy  liviii<;'  in  hiiuiII  i)'ini|i  lioimi'n  withoul 
lirii|nr  sanitary  ronditionN  and  with  in:   iHlcit'iit  \efj;rtalili'  diet. 

In  OctoiiiT  la»t  a  KOiirral  npidrniie  of  cory/a  (coniiiion  cold)  piiv  ailod,  ami  it  wan 
followi'd  l»y  a  rlnaily  deliiitMl  i']»idi*iiii(!  of  la  K'''I'P"I  '"  ioiih('i|iiiiici'  tlin  hcIiooI 
wiiH  (limed  from  tlio'llith  to  tho  28th  of  Octolior.  Hvriy  man,  woman,  ami  i  Inld 
wiiH  aftlii'tcd,  and  a  lai^it  majority  at  thr  Naiiii'  time.  'I'iKU'eHiiltol' tlii'i'|iidi'iiiii'  vmn 
to  inricaHi-  till!  death  rate.  I  horuwitli  inclosi'  you  tho  reiioit  of  Dr.  William  >. 
Ilrri'ford.  th<'  irsidrnl  pliyHician. 

Wliilo  I  have  no  dcHirc  to  ci  iticisd  tho  actn  of  tho  ])ri'Mi'nt  or  formi'r  Icsscch.  nor  li> 
liiid  faiill  with  foriiHT  'I'n-aHiiiy  ii^ontH  who  liad  rhari;o  of  tho  iHlaml,  I  am  ot  tlj<- 
ojiinion  tliat  had  |iro|n'r  <arc  Iicimi  taken  to  comiiel  thr.sc  jioor,  ignorant  ))i'ii|d<'  i.') 
]>ro|(i'rly  (diKcrvri  tho  ordinary  rules  of  lioalth,  there  would  now  be  found  many 
IierHoiiH  on  tho  iHland  wlio  had  lived  beyond  the  a;;e  of  I.")  years. 

'I'he  hanitary  eondition  of  tho  islauil  should  be  iiii|iro\ed  at  nnee.  I'lrst,  by 
bnildiiiK  oiillion-iCM  for  the  use  of  eaeb  fainily.  Sieond.  by  enlaijiiiiH:  a  Kiilheieiit 
iinmber  of  dwellings  to  Hecnro  jfood  Hleoi>iiif{  apartments  for  those  who  have  laijfe 
lamilies.  These  improvementH  wonid  henelil  the  natives  morally  as  well  .im 
lihysieallv . 

'I'lie  use  of  moro  veKetabloH  on  the  inland  wonld  result  in  ;,'real  beneiit  to  tiieiu, 
and  1  would  ieH|ie(;tfiitly  rcenininend  that  the  les.sees  lie  instnii'ted  to  send  to  tli<; 
island,  and  keep  on  sale  at  all  tiineH,  a  lari;o  supply  of  eanneil  tomatoeH  and  othei' 
rlieap  varieties  of  vef;otables.  It  has  been  demonstrated  that  turnips,  onions, 
radishes,  ete.,  can  bo  j;rowii  Hiiceessfnlly  ii)>on  the  islands  of  lteiin;{  .'•e.a.  and  tlj<; 
ollieer  Ml  eliai){e  should  bo  instriteted  to  have  a  garden  made  each  year  foi  ;;eiieral 
iiHo,  takin;;  the  |irtu:uutiun  to  obtain  the  necessary  seeds  prior  to  Itiavhifi  foi'  t|j<j 
island  in  the  sprinK. 

'I'lie  fuel  Hiipjily  is  alto>;ether  too  sni.'ill,  iiotwitliBtandini;  the  ISO  tons  of  coal  fur- 
nished by  the  Department  this  year.  The  very  limited  amonnl  of  drift  wood  louud 
ii|ion  the  island  is  too  wot  to  burn  without  the  assistanee  of  bliililier,  vvliieh  ean  not 
be  seen  rod  in  Hiidieieiit  ipiantity  since  seals  have  become  sosiairee  that  tin  y  ean  only 
be  taken  in  limited  nniabers.  'I'ho  natives  are  obliged  to  carry  on  their  backs  from 
2  tot)  miles  what  little  driltwood  they  ean  pick  np.  They  have  no  other  means  of 
tranH)iortution. 

In  order  to  make  them  comfortable,  I  would  rccoinniuud  that  KHI  tons  of  coal  be 
fiirnislied  the  natives  of  St.  (Jeorgo  Island  each  year. 

The  schools  have  been  taught  by  a  teacher  employed  by  the  North  Aiu«ri<:au 
Coinmere.al  (,'oinpany,  in  aceordanro  with  the  terms  of  tlie  lease,  beginning  Sej)l«inj- 
ber  1,  1K!»0,  and  ending  April  80,  ISlli,  inclusive.  The  total  number  of  pupils  in 
attendance  was  20.  The  age  of  the  oldest  jiupil  attending  si  hool  was  1,")  years,  tlio 
youngest  7.  Ibit  iittle  progress,  if  any,  has  been  made  in  the  English  language. 
These  ]ieople  are  very  devout  members  of  tho  Greek  Chiindi.  the  service  of  wiiieli  iit 
condiieteii  in  tlio  Knssian  language.  Heretofore  it  has  been  tho  custom  to  have  tli>; 
pupils  taught  that  Inngiiage  that  they  might  be  able  to  take  jiart  in  the  cliurclj 
services.  As  a  result,  tlio  «!frorts  made  to  teach  the  natives  the  language  ot  theii- 
country  have  bir'n  nentialized.  The  teaching  of  the  Russian  language  njion  th« 
island  should  be  jirohibited. 

While  1  would  not  iuterfere  in  any  niauner  with  the  religious  toudeucies  of  iluatu 


ALASKA    INDUSTIilKS. 


200 


p*oi)lr,  it  in  my  coiiv  ictiiiii  tlnil,  tlirir  I'linii'li  HcrviccM,  if  roinliictcd  in  tlid  i:iij;iiHli 
liili;;iiaK<>,  Mould  lii^  a  jiiiutTriii  M^crit  in  iiM)ii(i\  in);  tiiriii  <Mlnr;itiiinii)l,v. 

I  wiiiilil  I'i'i'cininK'nil  tlnit  a  <'ciiii|it'lriil  I'cnnilc  li  iiiIk  r  in'  cniiilovcil.  A  liirjrc 
niiijoritv  <il'  tlio  |iii|iIIn  iiro  ;iiilN,  anil  tlnv  mo  in  nri'd  ol'  doincHtir  Ixnciwli'il^ro  moro 
tn:in  iiiiv  iiliicr.  A  iiniliuin  H\Nt<tni  i>r  Hi'liooJIirioliH,  hmiIi  ns  uiti  in  usi^  at  llii'  (iov- 
I'liinit'iit  HciiiMil  at  I'nalaslta,  would  lir  an  iiniiiovcincnt  npon  llic  li(iid\s  now  in  nHC. 
'I  he  srlidol-trarlni  iind  tin'  doctor  sliiiiild  licrnifdiiyriH  III'  till'  *iiivri  iiiMcnt  anil  Hnli|i'('t 
to  till'  ordoi'  III'  tlio  ollictir  in  cliar^ro.  Itottor  f^ovitrnnutnt  id'  tlit'iHialid  would  lio  tlio 
result. 

Till'  willows,  oi'iihaiiH,  and  dcMtitnti-  yuTMonH  on  tlio  iKiiind  Hlionid  bo  Hujudied  witii 
all  llio  Moi'i'SNariiiH  III'  \'\(n  Ity  tlii'  Niirlli  Aiuniran  CiMunioiri  il  I  oni|iany  iu  arcord- 
anci' villi  llio  ronilitiims  of  llio  Irasi',  and  I  would  ri'H|H'rtlully  ri'ciininiriiil  tli:.!  a 
wm^l<ly  ralion  of  rond,  an  allowanro  of  t'url,  and  a  i|iiai'tri'ly  allowanro  of  I'lolliiuf; 
lio  lixcd  liy  till'  .'^I'lTi'tary  of  tlir  'rrraNury,  to  !)«<  diHtliliiitcd  by  tlio  ol'lirm'  in  iliaryi', 
TliiK  would  lie  niori'HatiHfiKttory  to  tlir  iiativcM  and  icliovo  tlio  compuiiy  of  all  i'r>|ion- 
HJbility, 

'I'lm  Ninth  Aini'viran  ('nninii'irial  Coiuiiany  lias  ,'  iv(>r«'il  to  llio  nfllror  in  rliarno 
ir>  liarrt'lH  of  Halt  Halnioii,  w  liirli,  toKotbrr  with  10  Karri'ls  loft  over  from  last  MraHnii. 
is  mmo  Ibaii  siillirirnt  for  UNi'dniinj;  tliiM'oiiiihj,'  wiiili'iand  s])iin)j;.  U'liy  llio  rim  nun 
liaH  bcrii  made,  and  salt  Nalmon  HiiliHtitntrd  for  drii'il,  1  do  not  know. 

'limy  liavo  iiImo  dilivi'icd  to  tlio  ofdri  r  in  rliai'tci'  HO  toiin  of  roal,  wliiidi  is  a  |iiirtioii 
of  tlio  ^0  Ions  to  bo  fui'iiiNliod  frt'o  for  iiso  of  nativos  on  bolli  islands.  In  Milditinn 
tliiTrto,  tliry  liavo  di'liviri'il  l>o  tons  of  roal  on  an  ordor  from  llio  Soorotary  of  tlio 
'Irrasiiiy,  and  a  rorciiit  for  llio  saiiio  was  siKiird, 

Till'  violations  of  tlio  loaso  lui'iitioiicd  in  my  Irttor  to  tlio  I lepartninnt  in  Ainil  last 
liavi'  boon  satlNlarlorily  adjiisti'd.  Tlio  |iriri'  of  wood  lias  bt'oii  ri'ducfd  anil  is  now 
Hold  MH  I'lii'iijily  as  it  can  bo  w  illioiil  Iosh  to  tlio  comiiany. 

Till"  nii'icliaiidisi'  |itiiiliMS<'d  this  y(^ar  for  salo  to  tlio  nativos  is  first  rliiss  in  ovory 
jiarticnlar,  . '11111  till' jiriifs  charifi'd  tliorBl'or  arc  reasonablo,  .Ml  ^tdoiIh  jh',.  lu.irkod 
to  si'll  at  '-'."i  jior  I'i'iit  abovo  wIioIchiiIo  rust  in  .San  I'lanrisro. 

Till)  t;riu'ral  a;;i'nt  of  llio  comiiaiiy  has  aKrri-d  to  niako  all  norcsHiir.v  roiiairs  to  tlio 
dwollinuH  askiil  for  by  mo;  ho  also  agreed  to  iittoiid  to  fho  hyjiionic  and  sanitary 
condition  of  tlio  island. 

Tlio  (tovcrnnii'iit  ollicci's  and  omployoi's  of  the  com)>any,  if  iii;irri<'d  men,  who  are 
to  ri'iiiain  on  the  islniiil  during  tlio  winter  HeaHoii,  hIioiiUI  have  tludr  families  with 
tlicni.  This  inactice  would  have  a  moral  inllueiiee  over  the  native  inhabitants  which 
c'lii  be  obtiiiiiid  in  no  oilier  way. 

In  llic  Helectioii  uf  hi'IiuiiI  leacliois  I  am  pleased  to  stiito  that  the  Department  has 
acted  upon  the  siij^ijistioti  of  the  present  I'reasiiry  ac;i'nts.  and  Mrs,  Nettleton  will 
hen  after  act  as  leacliei  ii)ioii  the  island  of  .St.  (ieor^je;  and  I  am  satistied  that  the 
pupils  will  iiii]iro\  e  \ery  niiicli  in  (bmiestic  and  other  knowledge, 

Tlieic  were  more  than  1,100  foxes  trapped  on  the  island  last  winter,  which  waslOO 
ill  (!\ie8s  of  *Ue  number  wliieli  should  have  been  taken. 

'fill'  Ninth  .Viiicrican  Coniinercial  Com|iaiiy  hiiH  riii.-icd  the  jirico  of  fox  Bkins  over 
that  jiaid  by  tlio  former  lensccH,  'I'liis  onconrafii's  the  natives  to  attend  to  their  traps 
better  than  they  have  done  in  former  years,  and  unless  the  number  taken  be  liniitod 
each  year,  this  Miliiable  species  of  fiir-beariiif;  animal  will  in  a  short  time  be  exter- 
minated. 

That  there  were  too  many  killed  during  the  winter  of  ISilO-iH  is  plain  to  any 
person  who  is  familiar  with  tlie  island.  The  niaxiiniiin  number  annually  to  be  taken 
Nhonld  not  exceed  700.  I!y  forbidding  the  jiractico  of  traiipiiiK  dnrinfi  the  winter  of 
1>'!>I-!I2,  1  think  700  could  bo  taken  each  year  hereafter  without  daii<.jer  of  oxtorini- 
nation. 

Satisfactory  arranj.  nonta  have  been  made  whereby  the  natives  can  obtain  the 
necessaries  of  life  diir  .jx  the  comiiifj  winter,  and  I  do  not  anticipate  nnnsiial  sntl'er- 
inj;  ainoiij;  them.  AT  .heir  money  will  be  {rone  beforo  8])iin({,  with  a  very  little  jiros- 
pcet  of  a  lar<;e  number  of  Heals  beiiifx  taken  next  season.  .Some  arranjiement  shoiihl 
tliorefore  be  made  wlieiebv  they  can  be  siip]ilied  with  food  and  clothiu;;  during  the 
winter  of  IHOL'  and  IHlKi. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

ALIIEHT    W,  LAVKNOEn, 

Assialaiit  Treamry  Aijcnt. 
Maj.  \V.  II.  ^\  ii.i.iAM.s, 

Aijent  in  '..'hanje  of  Ihe  Seal  Islaiuh,  Alaska. 


300  ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 

Special  Agent  }yHliams;  Nnmher  of  Seals  killed,  1891. 

Treasury  Bkpartment, 

Office  of  the  Secretary, 
Washington,  J).  (7.,  September  7,  1S91. 

Sir:  Referring  to  Department's  letter  of  the  .'ith  instant  (A.  K.  T.), 
with  copy  of  a  letter  from  tlie  honorable  the  Secretary  of  State,  of  the 
LMith  nltiiuo,  wherein  it  is  alleged  that  Her  Majesty's  Bering  Sea  com- 
missioners liave  reported  to  their  Government  that  the  present  year's 
catch  of  seals  already  materially  exceeds  7,500,  and  urging  that  the 
provisions  of  the  agreement  of  .lune  15, 1891,  shall  be  strictly  observed, 
1  have  tlie  iionor  to  submit  the  following  report: 

Replying  to  that  portion  of  the  communicsition  which  states  that 
more  than  7,5(10  seals  were  killed  "this  year,"  I  have  to  say  that  if  tlie 
l)eriod  covered  by  the  expression  "this  year"  is  intended  by  the  com- 
missioners of  Her  Majesty's  (iovernment  to  begin  July  28,  1800,  the 
assertion  is  correct.  As  stated  by  said  commissioners,  I  did,  and  do 
now,  construe  the  proclamation  of  the  President  of  the  United  States 
to  ibrbid  the  killing  of  more  than  7,500  seals  from  the  date  of  said 
proclamation  and  tlie  modus  vivendi,  viz,  June  15, 1891,  to  May  1, 1892. 
1  arrived  at  the  islands  .lune  10,  l."^91.  The  proclamation  of  the  Presi- 
dent was  received  by  me  .July  2,  1891.  From  June  15  to  .July  2  tliere 
were  4,471  seals  killed.  By  my  order  this  number  was  to  be  regarded 
as  a  portion  of  the  7,500  authorized  lo  be  taken  to  May,  1892.  Since 
-Inly  2  there  liave  been  1,790  seals  killed,  making  a  total  of  0,207  se.'ils, 
or  1,2.S3  seals  short  of  the  limit. 

It  is  probable  that,  in  making  their  statement,  the  commissioners  of 
Her  Majesty's  (Iovernment  took  cognizance  of  the  number  of  seals 
killed  subseipient  to  July  23,  1890,  and  prior  to  June  15,  1891.  Tlie 
skins  of  these  seals,  in  number  7,215,  were  in  the  salt  houses  on  the 
islands,  awiiiting  shipment,  on  the  last-named  date.  With  reference  to 
the  comment  of  the  commissioners  on  the  construction  placed  by  me  on 
the  modus  vivendi  and  the  President's  i)rocIaniation,  I  am  of  tlieoj)in 
ion  that  my  action,  in  including  the  seals  killed  from  the  date  of  both 
instruments  above  referred  to  as  a  jioition  of  the  7,500  allowed  to  be 
killed,  is  evidence  of  my  di'sire  to  comply  strictly  with  the  letter  and 
spirit  of  the  international  agreement.  It  would  seem  to  be  the  conten- 
tion of  the  commissioners  that  skins  shipped  from  the  islands  after  June 
15,  1891,  should  not  exceed  7,500,  without  reference  to  the  time  when 
taken.  It  is  not  dear  by  what  ])roces8  of  reasoning  skins  taken  prior 
to  June  15, 1891,  should  be  counted  as  a  portion  of  the  number  of  seals 
authorized  to  be  killed  by  the  modus  vivendi  and  the  ^President's  procla- 
mation. Knless  some  jiortion  of  the  skins  ol  seals  taken  prior  to  June 
15,  last,  is  included,  I  am  absolutely  safe  in  saying  that  the  statement 
of  1  he  commissioners  to  the  etlect  that  the  number  to  be  killed  this  year, 
as  lixod  by  the  President's  i)roclamation,  has  been  exceeded  is  erro 
neons.  Department's  instruction.s  of  June  15, 1891,  and  received  by  me 
at  the  same  time  of  the  proclamation,  July  2,  were  as  follows:  "If,  in 
any  way,  your  instrm^tions  are  inconsistent  with  the  proc'ama-tion, 
be  governed  by  the  latter."  1  herewith  inclose  copy  of  proclamation 
rc(!eived  by  me,  and  call  especial  attention  to  articles  1  and  2  of  the 
modus  vivendi  contained  therein. 

It  may  be  proi)er  to  remark  here  that,  in  conversation  with  the  com- 
missioners concerning  the  time  when  the  provisions  of  article  1  of  the 
modus  vivendi  took  etfect,  it  was  elainied  by  them  and  admitted  by  me 
that  said  article  became  operative  on  the  date  when  the  modus  vivendi 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


301 


was  signed,  viz,  June  la,  1891.  Article  2,  affecting  the  interests  of  the 
United  States,  provides  that  seals  in  excess  of  7,500  shall  not  be  killed 
for  the  same  period  as  that  stated  in  article  1.  The  articles  cited  are 
mutually  binding,  and  I  assume  it  will  not  be  claimed  that  their  pro- 
visions weie  to  take  effect  on  one  date  in  tl>e  intcest  of  British  sestlers 
aud  on  another  date  in  the  interest  of  the  United  istatcs. 
Kesi)ectfully,  yours, 

Wm.  H.  Williams, 
Treasury  Agent  in  Charge  of  Heal  Inlands. 

Hon.  Chaeles  Foster, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


(Special  Agent  Williams;  Number  of  tSeals  taken,  JSfH. 

Washington,  October  k,  1S91. 

SiK :  lleferring  to  our  conversation  of  the  (ith  instant  relating  to  my 
report  of  September  7,  in  regard  to  seals  killed  \\\m\^  the  islands  of 
St.  (ieorge  and  St.  Paul  during  the  past  year,  1  have  the  honor  to 
submit  further  upon  the  subjeci  tl'3  following: 

The  lessees  were  prohibited  from  killing  seals  for  the  season  of  1890 
after  July  20.  The  first  killing,  for  food,  atter  that  date  was  made 
by  the  natives  July  28,  and  from  that  time  to  December  31,  181t0, 
there  were  killed,  for  food,  by  the  natives  2,750  seals;  tlie  skins  of  lOG 
were  small  and  stagey  and  were  given  to  the  natives,  the  remaining 
2.<i44  ;l,2;5i  of  which  were  stagey)  were  placed  in  the  salt  houses  by  the 
Government  agents. 

From  January  1  to  May  1,  1891,  no  seals  were  on  the  islands,  hence 
none  were  taken. 

From  May  1  to  June  10, 1891,  the  hitter  being  the  date  of  my  arrival 
at  the  islaiKis,  there  were  1,(551  seals  killed  by  the  natives,  for  food,  the 
skins  of  which  were  phiced  in  the  salt  houses  by  the  (iiovernment  agents, 
nuiking  a  total  of  4,29.")  seals  killed  by  the  natives,  for  food,  the  skins  of 
which  were  in  the  salt  honses  on  my  arrival  at  the  islands.  The  fore- 
going number  includes  about  50  skins,  mostly  rejected,  from  former 
years' catch,  and  147  skins  taken  from  cow  seals  killed  by  raiders  on 
the  islands  in  September,  1890,  who  were  dri\en  oft'  b'.'fore  they  had 
secured  their  plunder,  but  does  not  in<;lude  3,468  small  pup  seals  killed 
by  the  natives  in  November  and  December  of  last  year,  the  skins  of 
which  were  used  by  them  for  clothing  and  other  purposes. 

On  the  niorninj;'  of  June  11, 1891,  1  gave  permission  to  the  lessees  to 
commence  killing  on  a  (juota  of  7,500,  as  directed  in  Department  tele- 
gram of  May  27,  and  which  is  as  follows : 

The /^M«/i  will  recuivo  orders  to  sail  to-day;  you  aud  tho  other  agents  will  t.ako 
piissuKP  ou  her.  The  Convin  will  follow  in  a  few  days.  By  her  will  bo  forwiinlcd 
to  you  full  instructiouB.  'I"he  uu'inorauduui  cojty  of  proposed  *<istructioii8  wliioli 
you  now  have  will  he  jour  ^uide  ui>til  Coririii  arrives  j  luaxlr.iini  lUi.nber  is  yet  to 
be  (letcrmiucd,  and  other  uiodifications  are  probable.  If  r,50()  are  taken  before 
rorui)i  arrives  you  will  stop  killiii<r  aud  await  instructions.  See  that  the  other 
Mfjents  take  passane  with  you. 

From  June  11  to  June  15,  2,920  seals  were  killed  by  the  lessees  as  a 
part  of  their  (piota  oi"  7,500,  making  4,295  seals  killed  for  food,  by  the 
imtives,  aiMl  2,920  seals  killed  by  the  lessees  as  a  part  of  their  (|iu)ta; 
or  a  total  oi  7,215  seals  .».illed  prior  to  June  15, 1891,  the  skins  of  which 


302 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


were  in  the  salt  liouses  before  the  sijjniiig  of  the  modus  viveiidi  and 
tlic  President's  proelamatiou. 

From  .Iiine  15  to  receipt  of  the  I'resideut's  proclamation  eoiitaiiiinji' 
the  modus  viveudi,  to  wit,  July  2,  on  St.  Paul,  aud  July  8,  ou  St.  George, 
tiiere  were  4,471  seals  killed  by  tlie  h'ssees  as  i)arc  of  their  quota. 
After  careful  consideration  of  the  modus  viveudi,  by  myself  and  the 
otiier  agents,  it  was  determined  that  tiie  4,471  seals  killed  since  June 
15  shoi'ld  be  deducted  from  the  7,r»00  named  in  Art.  11,  of  tiie  inter- 
iiati*  al  agreement,  thus  lea\ing  but  .'{,021)  to  be  taken  for  the  "sub- 
sistence and  care  of  the  natives''  from  July  2,  1891,  to  May  1,  18!>2. 

The  assertion  by  the  British  IJering  Sea  commissioners  that  the 
7,500  seals  to  be  taken  for  the  "  subsistence  and  care  of  the  natives," 
as  provided  in  Art.  11  of  the  modus  viveudi,  has  been  exceeded,  is  not 
warranted  by  the  facts  nor  by  their  views  exjjressed  to  me  in  conver- 
sation upon  that  subject.  On  July  28  Sir  (Jeorge  I'.aden  Powell  and 
Dr.  (I.  M.  Dawson,  the  iiritish  commissioners,  called  on  me  at  the 
(ioveinment  house  on  St.  Paul  Island,  and  after  an  exchange  of  views 
upon  seal  life  and  the  presence  of  sealing  vessels  in  15ering  Sea  the 
following  conver.'^ation  occurred,  in  substance: 

I  renuukcd  that  the  President's  iji-iclamation  states  very  distinctly 
that  th'  international  agreement  do;  .;  May  1,  1802,  but  gives  no  date 
when  it  commences  other  than  the  date  ot  signature.  When  do  you 
say  that  your  Government  will  couimence  to  ]trevent  seals  being  caught 
in  IJering  Sea  f  Sir  George  answered.  From  the  signing  of  the  agree- 
ment. Do  1  understand,  then,  1  inquired,  that  your  (Jovernment  did 
not  agree  to  prevent  sealing  prior  to  June  15?  He  answered.  Yes;  and 
that  is  not  all:  our  Government  must  have  reasonable  time  after  the 
15th  to  notity  its  officers  and  get  its  war  vessels  into  the  sea  before  it 
can  be  re(|uired  to  enter  upon  the  fulfillment  of  its  i)art  of  the  con- 
tract. I  said  I  was  very  glad  to  get  his  views  as  to  the  time  covered 
by  the  ni.dus  vivendi;  that^Vrticle  11,  which  related  to  that  part  of  the 
agreement  that  my  (Jovernment  was  to  observe  permitted  for  the  same 
l)eiiod,  to  wit,  .June  15  to  May  next,  7, .500  seals  to  be  killed  ''for  tiie 
subsistence  and  care  of  the  natives.''  lie  answered,  No;  your  (Jovern- 
ment is  permitted  to  kill  only  7,500  seals  for  the  season.  I  replied 
that  the  word  season  was  not  in  the  agreement.  He  asked  me  to  let 
him  take  the  proclamation,  which  I  held  in  my  hand,  and  after  care- 
fully reading  it,  said,  J  admit  that  your  interpretation  is  correct,  but 
have  you  not  other  instructions'/  I  answered.  Yes;  but  if  in  any  way 
my  Ibrmer  instructions  are  inconsistent  with  tlie  proclamation  1  am  re- 
(|nired  to  be  governed  by  tlie  latter.  He  replied  that  it  wuh  the  under- 
standing of  liis  Government  that  only  7,500  seals  should  be  taken  this 
season,  and  that  the  President  had  no  right  to  issue  such  a  ]»roclama 
tion.  I  said  to  iiiin  that  the  agreement  in  the  proclamation  was  signed 
by  the  rei)reseiitativ«'s  of  both  (Jovi-rnments,  and  that  1  could  not  do 
otlierwis(>tlian  follow  the  wording  of  the  modus  vivendi.  He  remarked, 
You  are  cunect  as  to  the  reading  of  the  proclamation,  but  1  think  our 
(Jovernment  intended  that  only  7,500  seals  should  be  taken  during  the 
season.  1  asked  him  whai  he  meant  by  the  season.  Ue  answered, 
The  period  of  time  within  which  seals  are  usually  killed.  1  'eplied  that 
the  time  varied  from  year  to  year,an(l  that  1  could  not  be  governed  by 
what  anyone  might  say  was  the  intention  of  the  I  wo  Governments,  bu*^ 
that  I  must  be  guided  solely  by  my  instructions.  He  answered,  Of 
course,  you  are  right  according  to  the  wording  of  this  proclamation; 
aud  then  asked  me  to  let  him  retain  the  copy  which  1  had  haudcd  him 


ALASKA    [NDUSTRIES. 


303 


Ji  short  time  before.     The  coiiversalion  theu  turned  on  other  matters, 
and  soon  alter  the  coniinissionerH  returned  to  their  sliip. 

A  few  days  later  the  lUitisU  eonimissioncrs  spent  the  evening  on 
shoie  in  company  with  myself  and  st  veral  others,  and  after  they  put  on 
tlK'ir  overcoats  and  got  to  the  door  to  leave,  Sir  George  said.  Major,  I 
have  a  letter  for  you.  We  thought  you  would  like  to  have  our  views 
(Ml  tlic  subject  we  were  conversing  abimt  the  other  day.  Of  course,  you 
will  be  guided  l)y  your  instructions  and  not  by  anything  we  nught  say. 
lie  then  handed  me  the  letter  and  immediately  left,  and  early  next 
morning  suded  for  St.  George  Islanil. 

A  copy  of  the  letter  referred  to  is  herewith  transmitted.  It  will  be 
ol)served  tliat  tlie  conniiissioners  express  the  "opinion,  bii..->ed  upon  tiie 
information  in  our  possession,  that  the  intention  of  the  two  Govern 
nienls  as  conveyed  by  Article  II  of  the  modus  vMveudi  was  that,  on  tlu! 
])art  of  the  United  States,  tiie  stipulation  would  be  strictly  observed  to 
limit  tiie  catch  this  season  to  7,.'500  seals,  and  to  stoj)  the  killing  when 
that  number  had  been  taki'U." 

These  gentlemen  did  not  intimate  to  nie  during  the  conversation 
referred  to  tliat  they  were  in  ])Ossession  of  any  information  as  to  tlie 
intention  of  tli<^  two  Governiiieuts,  as  expressed  in  the  modus  vivcMidi, 
but  only  stated  their  impression  of  Mhat  was  such  intention,  and  were, 
surjtrised  upon  reading  the  proclamation  to  lind  that  it  did  not  sustain 
their  views. 

1  must  confess  my  surprise  to  receive  sucli  a  letter  from  them  after 
the  conversation  referred  to,  especially  as  I  was  aware  that  tliey  had  no 
opportunity  after  that  (tonversation  to  receive  further  information  on 
the  subject. 

It  apjK'ars  from  the  commiinicution  of  the  British  minister  to  Secre- 
tary Blaine  of  August  2«i  that  in  reporting  to  their  Government  tiie 
commissioners  assumed  that  "this  year's  catch  of  seals"  siioiild  n(»t 
exceed  T.-OOd,  widle  in  their  conversation  with  me  they  referred  to  the 
killing  season  to  which  the  limit  of  7,r)()(>was  to  be  applied.  Certainly 
the  two  ]ieriods  are  not  identical.  The  word  season  as  used  in  connec- 
tion with  the  killing  of  seals  upon  the  islands  of  St.  (ieorge  and  St. 
Paul  covers  tiie  time  within  which  the  lessees  kill  seals  for  commercial 
imrposes,  and,  as  the  re(!ords  on  the  islands  for  the  last  twenty  years 
show,  commences  early  in  June  and  ends  the  last  of  July.  My  (lecision 
that  Article  1 1  of  the  modus  vivendi  permitted  the  killing  of  7,500  seals 
between  the  dates  of  June  15,  1S!»1,  and  May,  189li,  was  not  adopted 
hastily  nor  without  careful  consideration  by  myself  and  the  other  nlli- 
cers  of  the  islands.  I  submitted  the.  ])roclamation  and  my  instructinns 
to  Special  Agent  .I.Stanley-lirown,  Assistant  Agents  Murray,  Lavender, 
and  Nettleton,  SjH'cial  Insjiector  Milton  Hariies,Captain  Cotton,  of  the 
Mohican,  Captain  Heiter,  of  the  TliHis,  Captain  Hooper,  of  the  ('onciii, 
and  to  the  I  nited  Si at«'s  commissioners,  Trofessor  Meiidenhall  and  I)?'. 
i\Ieriiam,  and  all  i-onciirrcd  in  my  interpretation  of  the  agreement  that 
seals  killed  juior  to  June  15  did  not  form  partof  the  7,500 named  in  the 
modus  Vivendi.  It  was  urged  in  the  discussion  that  the  true  meaning 
and  sjjirit  of  Article  II  was  that  7,500  seals  might  be  killed  for  the  sub- 
sistence and  care  of  the  natives  after  June  15,  and  that  1,171  seals 
killed  by  the  lessees  as  jiart  of  their  cpiota  subsequent  to  June  15,  and 
before  I  received  the  President's  proclamation,  should  not  be  dediutted 
fntm  this  number;  ami  had  it  not  been  that  the  matter  was  a  subject  of 
international  agreement,  and  that  I  was  extremely  desirous  that  by  no 
possible  action  of  mine  should  there  be  cause  of  complaint  on  the  jiart 


304 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


of  the  Britisli  (lovernment,  I  should  have  taken  that  view,  for  I  regard 
the  iiiodiiH  vivendi.jiistly  subject  to  that  interi)retatiou. 

It  is  a  fact  that  when  the  lessees  kill  seals  for  commercial  purjtoses 
the  natives  are  kept  very  busy  and  have  no  time  to  prepare  the  meat 
for  future  use,  aiul  only  such  part  of  it  is  used  for  food  as  the  women 
cut  olf  from  the  carciasses  on  the  Held  from  day  to  day  for  present  use. 
This  was  the  case  witli  the  4,471  seals  killed  between  June  15  and. luly  2, 
tlje  greater  luimber  of  which  were  killed  in  the  first  live  days  alter  the 
Ifith,  and  no  attempt  was  made  to  save  any  part  of  the  meat  for  food 
except  a  few  that  were  killed  at  intervals  between  June  20  and  -Inly  2, 
It  will  be  remembered  that  after  deducting  4,471  seals  killed  by  the 
lessees  as  part  of  their  (juota  there  would  be  left  but  3,()21t  seals  for 
"the  subsistence  and  care  of  tlie  natives"  from  July  2  until  May  next. 
1  found  it  necessary  to  kill  ],71)()  of  this  latter  nnnd)er  prior  to  August 
11.  A  p(utioii  of  the  meat  was  salted  by  the  .iatives,to  be  useil  during 
the  stagy  season,  when  they  were  not  allowed  to  kill  seals.  Tiiis  left 
l)ut  1,2.53  seals  to  be  killed  for  their  subsistence  until  May  next,  a  num- 
ber much  too  small  for  that  purpose,  and  1  was  comi)elled  to  ask  tlie 
North  American  Connnercial  Com])any  to  bring  salt  beef  to  the  islands 
for  issue  to  the  natives,  the  (rost  of  which  the  (iovernment  will  liave  to 
pay,  for  the  natives  have  not  money  enough  of  their  own  to  maintain 
themselves  until  May  next. 

ItespectfuUy,  yours,  Wm.  H.  Williams, 

Agent  in  charge  of  ISeal  iHlamh. 

lion.  Charles  Foster, 

iSeirvtury  of  the  Treasury,  Wanhington,  J).  V. 


8TEAMsnir  Danttke, 
fit.  l'aul,.hibj  .:0,  1801. 
Dkar  Sih  ;  With  referonce  to  our  convprsation  of  the  28tli  instant,  relative  to  tho 
limitation  oC  thi;  nun)ber  of  seals  to  l)e  killi'd  midiT  tlio  a^rcenieut  conio  to  liy  tho 
(iovi^riiuients  of  the  ITuited  States  and  Gicat  liritain,  we  tliinii  yon  may  he  ;ilad  to 
rec('i\o  tliis  »'X])reti8iou  of  our  oi)inion,  hiised  upon  the  information  in  our])osseHMi(in, 
that  tlie  intention  of  the  two  (lovernments,  as  conveyed  hy  Article  11  of  the  modus 
vivt-ndi,  wiis  that  on  the  part  of  the  United  States  the  stii>ulati()n  would  he  strictly 
oh-^crvcd  to  limit  the  catch  this  season  to  7,500  seals,  and  to  stoj)  the  killing  wbeu 
that  niimher  had  been  taken. 

As  yon  were  fjood  enough  to  invite  our  opinion  on  the  above  subject,  we  venture 
to  |dace  it  in  your  hands,  although  tlie  (juestion  is  apart  from  the  immediate  scope 
of  our  in<|uiry. 

We  remain,  dear  sir,  yours,  very  faithfully, 

GkohgI';  Hadk.v  Powkll. 
Gi;(>ii(;K  M.  Dawson. 
Muj.  W.  H.  Wii,i.iA.Mh,  etc. 


1892. 

Special  Agent  Williams;  Annual  Eejmrt,  1892. 

Treasury  Departmeni-, 

Oefk^e  of  the  Secretary, 
Washington,  I).  C,  December  :U,  1892. 
Sir:  1  have  the  honor  to  subnut  my  annual  report  as  Treasury  ageiit 
in  charge  of  the  seal  islands  for  the  year  ending  December  .'51,  18!t2. 

On  my  return  from  the  seal  islands,  in  September,  ]8!»1,  and  after 
the  completion  of  my  report  for  that  year,  you  directed  me  to  report 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


305 


for  duty  in  tho  custoiua  service  during;  tiie  season  of  inaction  on  the 
seal  islands,  wliicli  I  did,  until  March  ID,  IS'Jli,  wlien  1  received  the 
followiug  iustructious; 

TBKASL'RV    ]  )EPAl{TMKXr, 

Okkk  K  (II-   IIII'.  Skcuktaky, 
Washinyion,  I).  C,  Manh  19,  !Sf>3. 
Sin:  Upon  receipt  of  this  communication  you  will  rejjort  in  porHon  to  lloii.  .John 
W.  Foster  at  tho  Dopartiueut  of  State,  an<l  will   rotidiT  such  aHslstiiiici'  in  matters 
which  will  bo  mailc  known  to  you  by  him  couceruiug  the  i)enilinf,'  contiovciHy 
refiardiug  Uering  Sea  as  may  be  praiticablc 

The  honorable  the  Secretary  of  State  has  been  advised  of  the  assignment  of  your- 
self and  (Assistant)  Special  Agents  A,  W.  Lavender  and  Joseph  Murray  to  this  duty. 
Respectfully,  youre, 

O.  L.  Si'AUMUNi;, 

Avtiiiij  fiitreturij. 
Mr.  William  H.  William.s, 

Special  Agent,  JVashhigton,  J>.  C. 

In  i)ursuance  to  tlie  foregoing  instructions,  I  reported  to  the  Hon. 
John  W.  Foster,  and  also  directed  Assistant  Agents  Murray  and 
Lavender  to  do  the  same.  I  was  informed  that  it  was  desired  tiiat 
myself  and  assistants  i)roceed  at  once  to  the  Pacitic  (;oast  and  jjiocure 
su«h  information  as  might  be  obtained  in  relation  to  tlie  fur-seal  indus- 
try. The  inquiry  was  to  embrace,  in  all  of  its  various  relations  to  the 
commercial  world,  the  habits  and  condition  of  this  valuable  fur-bearing 
animal  from  its  earliest  history  to  the  present  time,  with  the  vi(!W  of 
jdacing  the  siime  before  the  arbitrators  in  the  liering  Sea  case  now 
])endiug  between  our  (lovernmeut  and  (Ireat  Tntain.  I  instructed 
Assistant  Agent  Joseph  JMurray  to  proceed  to  Port  Townsend,  Wash., 
ai'd  take  passage  on  the  LTnited  States  crui.ser  AlhatrofX,  which  was 
under  orders  to  cruise  north  to  Cooks  Inlet,  Prince  William  Sound,  and 
Kadiak,  and  Assistant  Agent  A.  W.  Lavender  to  go  to  the  same  place 
and  take  passage  on  the  United  States  revenue  cutter  Corn-in,  which 
was  to  cruise  north  along  the  coast  to  Sitka,  with  full  instructions  as 
to  the  nature  of  their  duties.  I  went  to  San  Francisco,  and  was  actively 
engaged  in  laking  evidence  from  San  i)iego,  Cal.,  to  Victoria,  British 
Columbia,  until  IVfay  7,  at  which  time  1  received  Departnu'iit  instruc- 
tions of  May  2  (copy  inclosed  ')  and  sailed  the  same  day  for  the  Pribilof 
I.slands  on  theXorth  American  Commercial  Comi)any"s  steamer  yifr^/icj. 

Agent  Murray  arrived  at  Port  Townsend  from  his  trip  on  the  Alha- 
tross  A.\m\  US,  and  I  directed  him  to  leave  on  the  lirst  (jovernmeut 
vessel  going  to  the  islands,  and  also  .sent  instructions  for  Agent  Lav- 
ender to  do  the  same  on  his  return  from  the  north. 

1  arrived  at  Unalaska  May  20,  and  as  the  North  American  Commer- 
cial Company's  steamer  would  be  delayed  at  that  place  for  some  days, 
I  applied  toCominander  Evans, of  the  t'nited  States  cruiser  I'orlctoim, 
who  very  kindly  gave  me  passage  to  St.  Paul  l.sland,  at  whi(rh  place  J 
arrived  May  21.  Assistant  Agent  Murray  arrived  at  Unalaska  in  time 
to  take  passage  with  me  on  tho  Yorktowti,  and  Assistant  Agent  lav- 
ender arii\ed  n  few  days  later  on  the  revenue  cutter  Convin.  Tlie  for- 
mer I  placed  in  <!harge  of  St.  Paul  Island  to  relieve  Si)ecial  Emi)loyee 
Milton  Barnes,  who  liad  ])ermissiou  to  return  to  San  Francisco,  he  hav- 
ing remained  on  the  island  during  the  i)revious  winter,  and  the  latter  in 
charge  of  St.  Ceorge  Island  to  relievo  Assistant  Agent  N'cttlelon,  who 
also,  for  a  similar  reasini,  had  permission  to  return  to  Port  Townsend. 

Department  instructions  of  May  \i  clearly  delined  my  duties,  ami  on 
leaving  the  islands  (June  10)  I  turned  them  over  to  Mr.  J.  Stanley- 

'  See  Kxhibit  A  of  report  of  .1.  Stanloy-Hiown. 

H.  Doc.  92 20 


306 


ALASKA   INDUSTIilES. 


I'rown,  as  directed,  who  was  to  teini)oraiily  bo  in  charj^o  diiriii},^  my 
absence,  and  on  the  same  day  departed  for  L'nalaska  and  l*oi  t  'i'own- 
8cnd,  ai'i'iving  at  tlio  latter  jilace  June  - 1. 

After  coiiii)letinfif  my  labors  in  the  IMij^et  Sound  country  1  was  di- 
rected to  come  to  VV^ashington,  and  was  en<;a};ed  at  the  State  Depart- 
ment in  tlie  Jiering  Sea  case  until  Sei)tember  L'<>,  wlu'u  1  was  ayain 
ordered  to  San  Francisco  to  take  evidence  in  the  counter  case.  I 
returned  to  Washington  November  20,  and  since  that  time  have  been 
engaged  at  the  State  Department  in  pursuance  of  instructions  from  the 
honorable  Secretary  of  State. 

JMy  duties  connected  with  the  State  Department  have  been  incessant, 
and  of  such  a  nature  that,  since  June  10,  J  have  had  but  'ittle  time  to 
devote  to  my  duties  as  the  chief  executive  otllcer  of  the  islands.  As  a 
result  of  my  year's  work,  I  luive  accumulated  a  large  amount  of  evi- 
dence relating  to  seal  life,  which  has  been  transmitted  to  the;  honorable 
Secretary  ot  State,  and  will  be  used  with  other  evideiu'^  "u  connection 
with  the  Jiering  Sea  arbitiation  case. 

The  reports  of  Treasury  Agents  J.  Stanley-Drown,  Joseph  Murray, 
aiul  A.  W.  l^avender  for  ]8i)2  are  on  file  with  the  I)ei)artmeiit,  and  set 
I'ortli  very  fully  matters  of  interest  connected  m  ith  tlie  islands.  10si)e- 
cially  is  this  the  case  with  the  report  of  Mr.  J.  Stnnley-P>ro\vn.  who  was 
the  agent  in  charge  after  my  departure  June  10.  and  J  woukl  lespect- 
fidly  call  attention  to  the  same.as  correctly  exj/ressing  my  own  views 
upon  the  various  subjects  of  which  it  treats.  It  is  in  line  with  tlie 
re])or<^s  made  by  the  agents  the  year  jtrevious,  and  I  would  resjxnit- 
i'ully  urge  tliat  the  Department  take  action  on  the  recommendations 
contained  therein. 

Hcfore  leaving  the  islands  in  ISO]  1  left  strict  instructions  tliat  no 
fur  seal  should  be  killed  during  the  stagev  season,  and  no  pup  seals 
should  be  killed  at  any  time.  The  stagey  i)eriod  for  that  year  was 
determined  to  be  between  the  dates  of  August  1-  and  Octoltcr  L'.l. 
Notwithstanding  my  instructions  in  this  respect.  Agent  S.  1{.  Xettieton, 
of  St.  George  Island,  permitted  the  natives  to  driveat  various  tinu's  and 
kill  for  foodl'isii  .seals.  A  portion  of  the  skins  was  rejected  by  the  agent 
of  the  company  on  account  of  being  stagey,  but  were  subse(iuently 
accepted  l»y  them  in  San  Francisco.  The  .igentclaiined  that  the  natives 
demanded  seal  meat  for  food,  but  1  am  of  tlit;  oj)inion  that  this  did  uot 
wari'ant  disobedience  on  his  i)art  of  i)ositive  insti'uctions  ui)on  this 
subject,  es))ecially  as  there  w;  s  plenty  of  other  food  supplies  on  the 
island  at  tlie  time. 

1  would  reiterate  what  was  said  in  my  former  report  that  the  fur 
seals  should  not  be  killed  or  disturbed  during  this  eventful  (leriod  of 
their  existence.  It  is  at  this  time  that  the  seals  are  shedding  their 
hair.  Tiie  harems  ani  oroken  up  and  the  bulls,  cows,  holluschickie.  and 
])ups  are  mingling  together,  and  it  is  impossible  to  make  a  drive  with- 
out having  more  or  less  number  of  feimile  seals  in  it. 

WHECKEl)  SAILOUS. 


April  lli  the  whaling  vessel  Aicrdiidn-,  of  San  Francisco,  with  a 
crew  of  29  men,  was  wrecked  on  St.  Paul  Island.  The  crew  were  all 
saved,  but  the  vessel  was  a  total  loss.  The  crew  were  destitute  ami 
had  to  be  cared  for  by  the  North  American  Commercial  Company  until 
the  arrival  of  the  revenue  cutter  Jimr,  June  2.  As  they  were  making 
considerable  trouble  on  the  island,  I  requested  Captain  Ilealy  to  remove 
them  to  Unalask':,  which  he  made  arrangements  to  do. 


Ill' 
kI  of 
leir 

itli- 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


FUKL, 


307 


In  my  report  ol"  1801  I  sjioke  of  tlic  dift'creiico  of  opinion  existing  as 
to  the  issno  of  coal  to  widows,  orphans,  a};ed  and  intirni  inliabitants, 
between  the  G<»vernnieiit  an<l  (;ompany  ajjents.  It  was  ehiiined  by  the 
lessees"  agent  that  under  the  terms  of  tlieir  lease  "necessaries  of  life'' 
applied  only  to  food,  and  not  to  clothing  and  fuel.  By  mutual  agree- 
ment the  (piestion  was  referred  to  the  Department  lor  decision,  and  it 
was  further  agreed  tiiat  the  eoin])any  would  fnrnish  in  sullicient  (pnm- 
titics  fuel  and  clothing  to  tliem  |)en(iing  the  decision  and  in  conformity 
therewith  This  agreement  was  only  partly  complied  with,  the  com- 
l)any  agent  on  St.  I'aiil  Island  refusing  to  issue  over  100  pounds  of  coal 
l)er  week  to  a  family  during  the  coldest  weather  in  winter.  This  made 
it  necessary  to  sui>plement  the  (!om])aiiy  issue  of  coal  by  an  issue  from 
the  (Jovernment  coal  in  order  to  keep  this  class  of  indigent  persons 
from  sull'ering. 

In  the  instructions  of  May  U,  18!)li  (p.  8),  appears  the  following: 

Yoiii-  ospeciiiil  atteutioii  is  ciilleil  to  that  claiiHo  of  tlio  louse  which  Htiiti'S  tluit  the 
(■<)ini)iiii.v  ■'  will  iilso  j)i()vi(lo  iIk;  iiticcssiuios  of  lite  for  the  widciws,  orpiiniis,  iinil  a;;('(l 
iiiid  inlirm  iiihal)itaiit8  of  said  i.slands  wiio  are  iiiiahlc  to  provide  lor  I hciiiselvi's," 
and  you  are  iufornicd  that  th>-  Drpartiiieiit  iiiidcrstaiids  that  this  chiuso  iiicliidi's 
widows  and  all  other  ix^rsons,  ro^^ardle.'is  of  ajfe,  kox,  or  condition  of  ]iarentaK<'.  who 
are  phyHiially  nnal)le  to  piovido  for  tlii'innulvi's,  'Phi'  '■  necessaries  of  life"  referred 
to  tbeiein  includes  fuel  as  well  as  clothing'  and  Huhsistonce. 

This  decision  of  tiie  l)ei)artment  is  (piestinned  by  the  agent  of  the 
lessees,  and  1  infer  from  his  letter  to  .Mr.  J.  Stanley-Brown,  the  (iov- 
ernment  agent  in  charge  at  tlie  time  (Brown's  report),  that  a  claim  is 
to  be  jircsented  at  some  future  time  l)y  the  North  American  Commer- 
cial Company  for  all  coal  furnished  by  them  to  the  widows,  orphans, 
and  aged  and  intirm  inhabitants. 

The  (piestion  of  weekly  allowance  of  fuel  to  each  family  has  arisen 
this  year  and  slnuld  be  ])rovided  for  in  next  year's  iustrnctions.  The 
nnitter  ought  to  l)e  easily  and  satisfactorily  adjusted,  for  whatever 
amount  of  fuel  the.  Government  agent  may  find  necessary  to  issue 
weekly  to  the  family  of  a  initive  sealer,  the  same  amount  should  be 
provided  each  week  by  the  company  to  a  family  to  whom.  un<ler  tiu* 
terms  of  their  lease,  the  lessees  are  to  fnrnish  the  "jiecessaries  of  lile." 
It  tal  es  as  nuieh  fuel  to  cook  the  food  and  warm  the  house  of  one  fam- 
ily as  it  does  that  of  another,  and  of  a  necessity  the  issue  of  coal  must 
be  regulated  by  thi;  season  of  the  year  an<l  the  condition  of  the  weather. 

(iOVKKNMKNT   AID   TO   TIIH   NATIVKS. 

Owing  to  the  small  number  of  seals  killed  liy  the  natives  in  the  last 
few  years  the  savings  of  former  years  of  most  of  them  were  exhausted 
at  the  close  of  the  year  1801,  and  1  set  forth  in  my  report  for  that  year 
that  it  would  be  necessary  to  extend  aid  to  keep  them  from  suffering. 
Nineteen  thousand  live  hundred  dollars  was  api)ropriate(l  by  Congress 
at  its  last  session  f(»r  that  puii)ose,  and  a  careful  and  economical  ex- 
penditure of  the  same  has  beeJi  the  desire  of  the  Government  agents. 
How  to  extend  relief  unto  the  needy  and  not  have  it  appear  that  the 
Government  would  in  the  future  support  them  in  idleness  was  the 
chief  object  to  be  attained.  It  was  with  this  end  in  view  that  compen- 
sation for  watching  on  the  rookeries  and  foi'  labor  in  making  improve- 
ments on  the  islands  was  inaugurated,  and  the  agents  report  that  tlieir 
efforts  in  that  direction  were  fairly  successful.  As  to  the  sulliciency  or 
iusutJticiency  of  the  upproiiriation  1  am  unable  to  report  at  the  present 


T 


3C8 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


time,  but  tbo  iudicatious  are  that  an  appropriation  fully  as  large  will 
be  necessary  for  tlie  couiinjj:  year.  The  natives  have  no  way  of  sustain- 
ing themselves  on  these  barren  islands  except  by  their  earnings  from 
killing  seal  lor  the  North  American  Commercial  Company,  and  the  jjro- 
ceeds  of  the  sale  of  blue-fox  skins.  Since  the  catch  of  seals  was  limited 
to  7,500  and  the  killing  of  foxes  prohibited  (in  1891)  tiio  earnings  of 
the  natives  have  been  small  as  compared  with  fornier  years. 

This  prohibition  against  taking  foxes  became  necessary  on  account 
of  the  immense  slaughter  (about  1,500)  that  took  place  in  ls!»0.  I  am 
informed  by  Treasury  Agent  Urown  that  before  leaving  the  islands  he 
gave  the  natives  permission  to  trap  foxes  for  two  months,  conimencting 
November  15.  It  is  upon  St.  George  Island  that  most  of  the  foxes 
are  taken,  it  being  better  adapted  to  supplying  food  for  them  by  reason 
of  the  large  number  of  birds  that  resort  to  this  island  to  nest  in  the 
clitfs  and  rocks.  It  is  also  upon  this  island  that  a  great  number  of 
moles  are  found,  which  constitute  <|uite  a  factor  in  their  supi)ly  of  win- 
ter food.  In  a  letter  just  received  from  Treasury  Agent  A.  W.  Laven- 
der, in  charge  of  St.  George  Island,  dated  November  2li,  he  says: 

We  Ix'gau  to  triip  foxos  on  tho  15tli,  ms  our  instnictioim  told  u.s  to,  iiiid  up  to  date 
the  Hiitives  luivo  ol)taiued  250  to  300  skius;  had  foxo.s  heen  as  i)luuty  as  they  were 
tho  lirst  season  that  I  was  hero  (IHHO),  tho  first  seven  days  they  wouhl  have  caufjlit 
neardOO;  in  I'actoiuvhalf  of  tlu)  whole  oat<h  is  made  the  lirst  week.  1  have  allowed 
the  natives  12tra])s  each,  as  near  as  I  e(  uld,  althoujjh  I  well  Know  that  some  of  them 
liave  more  than  that  numlier.  There  a  e  ahout  325  tra])S  out  nlto;iether.  How  is 
that  for  an  island  of  this  si/.eif  There  wi'l  not  he  much  need  to  invito  instruetious 
ahout  trapjjiMj;  foxes  if  time  is  the  limit  i..  which  foxes  are  taken  instead  of  a  limit 
in  tho  number  taken.  , 

It  will  be  noticed  that  this  is  tho  c<»nditiou  of  affairs  after  a  year's 
rest  in  tho  taking  of  foxes,  and  if  the  present  metiiods  are  to  be  con- 
tinued extermination  at  an  early  period  seems  ])robable.  Ks]iecially 
Avill  this  be  true  if  the  natives  receive  anything  like  a  fair  value  for  the 
skins,  for  in  their  straitened  circumstances  each  native  will  try  and 
secure  the  greatest  number  i)ossible. 

The  skin  of  the  blue  fox  sells  readily  from  $12  to  $20  in  the  San 
Francisco  market,  but  the  price  paid  the  natives  is  usually  from  dl  to 
$2  per  skin.  I  had  applications  from  ontside  parties  for  the  privilege 
of  buying  fox  skins  of  tiie  natives,  but  1  did  not  deem  it  advisable  to 
grant  this  privilege,  and  would  advise  against  it  if  a  fair  price  vnn  be 
ol)tained  for  the  skins  from  the  lessees  and  the  i)roceeds  used  in  a 
proper  manner  for  the  maintenance  of  the  natives.  So  valuable  has 
the  fur  of  this  animal  become  that  white  men  have  obtained  the  jtriv- 
ilege  of  stocking  some  of  the  Alaskan  Islands  with  blue  foxes,  at  cou- 
siclerable  expense,  and  breed  them  fur  commercial  purposes. 

Tho  steel  trap  now  used  permits  no  selection  of  sex,  and  1  would 
therefore  suggest  that  there  be  substituted  for  it  the  large  wooden  box 
trap.  If  the  latter  were  used  the  vixens  could  be  turned  away  and 
only  the  nuiture  males  taken,  thus  iiroviding  for  a  sure  annual  increase. 
If  this  were  done — a  fair  price  being  obtained  for  the  skins  and  the 
same  put  into  a  community  fund,  as  is  now  done  with  the  proceeds  of 
their  labor  in  taking  the  seal  skius — au  industry  would  soon  be  built 
ui{)  that  would  greaWy  assist  in  making  the  natives  self-supporting. 

In  my  instructionis  of  1801  I  was  informed  tiiat  tho  natives  were  con- 
sidered wards  of  the  Government.  In  view  of  this  and  the  fiirtiier  fact 
that  Congress  is  called  upon  to  make  a]>propriations  for  their  support, 
it  would  seem  to  be  well  to  formulate  some  regulations  covering  this 
question. 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


309 


RUSSIAN  RITUAL. 

I  (lid  not  succeed  in  ol)faininp;  a  copy  of  the  Hnssian  Ritual  at  the 
islaiids,  but  subse(iuently,  while  in  San  Francisco,  i)rocure(l  a  copy, 
with  several  otlicr  books  and  papers  belonging  to  the  (ireek  service, 
and  sent  the  same  to  tlie  Department.  I  paid  $18  for  them  and  was 
reimbursed  by  tlie  North  American  Commercial  Company  out  of  the 
translation  fund  in  their  possession. 

BISTRinUTION   OK   SO-CALLKD   OnURCII   FUND   TO   NATIVES. 

In  pursuance  to  Department  instructions  of  May  2  my  successor  dis- 
tributed .fM.,')44.10  among  the  natives  (m  St.  Paul  Jslancl  and  has  given 
tlie  details  of  the  transaction  in  liis  report.  1  wish  to  add  that  in  any 
event  the  North  American  Commensal  Company  should  not  be  a  sutlerer 
by  the  action  of  the  Ciovernment  in  this  matter,  but  before  there  ia  any 
restitution  of  this  money  to  the  Creek  Church  I  would  advise  that  a 
careful  investigation  be  nnide  of  the  abuses  to  which  these  people  are 
subjected  by  the  so-called  priests  under  the  cloak  of  teachers  and 
S])irituiil  advisers.  It  is  not  the  desire  of  the  Treasury  agents  to  in 
any  way  interfere  with  the  religious  belief  or  mode  of  worship  of  these 
people,  but  when,  through  the  ignorance  or  immorality  of  a  priest, 
their  religious  doctrine  becomes  ])erverted  and,  by  the  intiuence  of  his 
example,  they  are  kept  in  a  state  of  barbarism,  is  it  not  time  for  the 
Government  to  inquire  whether,  under  the  plea  of  religious  privileges 
and  treaty  rights,  this  condition  of  affairs  is  to  continue? 

The  intiuence  of  the  i>riests  over  these  people  is  something  womlerful, 
and  when  wrongfully  ;ts<'d,  as  it  freiiueiitly  is  on  the  islands,  debases 
them  to  the  coii(lition  of  brutes.  The  Treasury  agents  are  nowerless  as 
against  tlie  intiuence  of  the  priest,  and  no  sort  of  punishment  will  cor- 
rect the  evil  of  drunkenness  and  iiiiinorality  so  long  as  the  priest  is  one 
of  the  chief  offenders.  The  Coveriiment  should  insist  that  the  Greek 
Church  send  no  one  to  the  islands  as  priest  who  is  not  a  man  of  char- 
acter and  can  render  the  service  of  their  church  in  the  English  language. 
Government  wards  on  a  Government  reservation  and  supiuuted  by 
Governiiient  approjiriatioiis  are  entitled  to  tiovernment  ])rotection  in 
their  education  as  American  citizens  and  the  observance  of  the  ordinary 
proprieties  of  civilization. 


SCHOOLS. 

In  my  report  of  last  year  I  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  after  more 
than  twenty  years  of  Government  control  there  were  not  a  half  dozen 
r.ntives  who  had  learned  to  sjieak  or  read  the  English  language  by  at- 
tcndanc*'  at  the  jiublic  school,  and  so  long  as  the  present  system  is  fol- 
lowed failure  can  be  iiredicted  with  absolute  certainty.  The  lessees 
complied  with  their  contract  and  furnished  teachers  for  the  length  of 
time  required,  but  so  far  as  produtnng  favorable  results  is  concerned  it 
was  a  waste  of  time  and  money,  and  so  it  will  be  so  long  as  the  jiresent 
condition  exists.  When  the  time  arrives  that  these  children  can  be 
placed  under  faithful  Christian  teachers  who  will  teach  them  habits  of 
industry  and  morality,  and  under  these  conditions  the  blessings  of  home 
and  home  life,  then  may  we  look  for  gratifying  results,  but  not  before. 
A  practiial  demonstration  of  this  is  to  be  seen  at  the  native  school  at 
Unalaska  presided  over  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tuck. 


310 


ALASKA    INDT'STRIES. 


RAIDS'. 

On  Novoinbor  17, 1891,  tlio  .stoiim  sloop  Chnllent/c  (Atnorioaii)  iniuloa 
raid  on  St.  (ieoifjc  Island  and  sccurt'd  about  .'Ut  skins.  Tlic  crow  won; 
ancstt'd  and  vessel  seized  a  lew  days  tlieieaf'ter  at  I'nalaska.  Tlie  ves- 
sel was  confiscated  and  lior  eajjtain  and  crew  sent  to  Sitka,  wliere  tiu'y 
wei((  tried,  convicted,  and  sent  to  Jail.  While  niakinn' the  laid  tiie  vessel 
narrowly  escaped  loss  with  all  on  board. 

Tiie  Jiiitish  Columbia  schooiuM'  llorral'm  nnide  a  raid  on  St.  Paul 
Island  November  -7  and  took  about  400  skins.  The  <'aptain  (Hansen) 
was  afterwards  arrested  and  is  now  in  Sitka  jail  awaitinj;'  trial.  Me  is 
a  notorious  character  and  boasts  of  having  made  raids  tor  live  years  in 
snceession.  ICvery  elVort  is  bcinj;'  nnule  to  obtain  the  necessary  evi- 
dence to  convict  and  punish  him. 

TUKAaUB^    REcaLATIONS. 

]  deem  it  important  that  some  well-f'orniulatcd  Treasury  rej-nlations 
be  adoi)ted  for  the  jiuidanceof  the  Treasury  ajients  and  other  residents 
on  the  islands.  It  is  for  the  interest  of  good  government  that  this  be 
done  at  an  early  date. 

ENrOllCKMENT   OF   LAW  AND   OUDEH. 

T  would  suggest  that  Congress  be  invited  to  amend  section  ID.jO, 
Revised  Statutes,  by  striking  out  the  word  "War"  and  inserting  that 
of  "Tieasnry.''  The  law  is  ino])ei'ative  as  it  now  stands,  for  the  War 
Departnu'Ht  has  no  forces  within  hundre<ls  of  miles  of  the  islands,  con- 
sequently the  Treasury  agents  are  compelled  to  call  upon  the  revenue 
cutters  to  enforce  the  provisioTis  of  this  act. 

.TANITORS. 

As  directed  in  Dp])artment  instructions,  T  emjiloyert  a  native  on  each 
islaiul  to  i)erform  Janitor's  work  for  the  (iovernnient  house  at  a  coui- 
peusation  of  fr'L'O  per  month. 

GOVKRNMEN  i'   IIOrSES. 

The  Government  house  on  each  island  has  been  painted  and  repaired 
this  year,  and  both  are  in  good  condition. 

REPORTS. 

I  inclose  the  report  of  Treasury  Agent  S.  R.  Nettleton.  The  reports 
of  Treasury  Agents  .Iosei)li  Murray  and  A.W.  liavender  are  on  tile  at 
the  Department  with  the  rei)ort  of  Treasury  Agent  J.  Stanley-Brown. 

IN    GE^'EKAL. 


In  my  two  years'  service  its  Treasury  agent  in  charge  of  the  seal 
islands  I  have  luid  the  eariu'st  support  of  the  assistant  agents,  and  our 
social  and  otticial  relations  have  been  cordial  and  ])leasant.  I  have 
consulted  with  them  on  matters  of  importance  and  a  unanimity  of 
opinion  and  purpose  has  ])revailed. 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


.'ni 


1  wish  to  testify  to  the  uiiil'onn  kindiicss  of  tlie  company's  iit.fiits, 
who  have  (lone  niucii  to  make  my  Bojouru  on  tiiese  faraway  islands 
pleasant  and  agreeable. 

l{esi)ecttully,  yonrs, 

\Vm.  II.  \VlI,MAM.S, 
TrenHury  Aijent  in  Chartje  of  the  IScul  IhUduIh. 

lion.  ClIAULEW    KOSTKII, 

t^ievretat'ij  of  the  Tirasurt/. 


Jstiatani  Aijeiil  SvltUioii :  Itepnrt  for  IS9,.', 

St.  GKoittiK  Island,  Alaska,  Jioie  /",  rsn'.'. 
Sin;  I  rcs))Ortrillly  suliiiiit  tlict  I'ollowiiig  report  ol'  iitl'airs  im  this  isluiid  winco  tlii) 
diiti^  i(f  my  liiHt  report,  November  23,  1891,  to  date: 

ni'.ALIII   nl-   TIIK  NATIVKS. 

Att.'if'lioil  hereto  iiiid  luiirkcd  AA  ))lftiiso  find  (lir  two  several  reports  of  Dr.  L.  A, 
NoycN,  resident  |)liysiciiin.  In  this  conneitioii  I  desiio  to  coniMicnd  the  \  i;iiliiiit  luid 
faitlilul  luiinner  in  wliich  Dr.  Noyos  liiia  diHchiir;;ed  the  duties  of  his  position. 


SCMf)OI,. 

AttMchod  Iipvoto,  and  marked  H,  ploaso  tind  niport  of  Mrs.  Xettlrton,  teacher.  Mi-s. 
Ncttleton  fennd  the  work  of  leacliinn' these  i.ative  ihildren  ])erpl(!\in};,  disiippoint- 
ini;,  and  soinrwliiit  diseoiirafiiiij;'.  While  it  may  bo  said  that  slie  did  her  ntinost  to 
disi'iiarge  lier  dnties  faithlnlly  and  well,  the  rosiilts  roiirhed  arc  mil  sncli  ,ih  she  or 
the  I'ri'asnry  afjent  in  charjjo  ha<l  hoped  for.  Tlio  very  yon njj;  jinpils  made  nnich  the 
more  enc(Miiaj;ini;  advancement,  and  the  older  ones  made  very  fair  pr(>i;ies8.  Per- 
haps, under  ail  circumstances,  as  much  was  accomplished  as  could  he  t^\i)ected. 

•  •ii  I'riilay  iiftcrnoous,  dnrin;;  nearly  all  of  the  term,  Mrs.  Xcttlelou  had  the  >jirls 
of  her  school,  as  well  as  the  older  f^irls  of  the  villai;e  m)t  in  schmd,  at  the  (iovern- 
nn'ut  liousc,  where  they  were  instrmtod  in  scwiiij;,  needlework,  etc.  There  is  cause 
for  eueourafjement  in  this  branch  (d'  theii' education. 

I  ,'im  of  the  opinion  that  there  is  small  ijndiability  of  tht'S«  piMijjle  aci|U,rinK'  nnudi 
km)wled^'e  of  the  llniilish  laiij;uaifc  so  lonj;  as  they  hear  nothing;  but  the  Aleut  lan- 
;;ua;;c  out  of  school  hours,  ami  so  Ion;;  as  thi'  services  of  their  church  are  conducted 
in  the  Ifussian  or  Aleut  lanf;uan'o,  and  their  communications  with  the  representa- 
tives of  the  lessees  of  the  islands  is  larj^ely  iu  other  than  the  En<,'li8h  lauj^uaj,'o. 

IlKL   SflM'LV, 

Tin'  winter  was  very  sovore,  nmre  snow  lyinj;  on  the  j;''"""'!  dnrini,'  the  outini 
season  than  durinj;'  any  previous  winter  for  several  years.  If  the  extra  siii)))ly  i>( 
coal  had  not  been  furnished  by  the  Department  last  fall  these  peo])le  nuist  have 
sutVered.  It  would  have  been  imiio.-sible,  on  account  of  the  depth  of  sm)W,  to  leather 
driftwood.  If  it  had  been  possible,  the  wood  conid  hardly  be  used  as  fuel  in  the 
alisenco  of  a  HUi)ply  of  seal  Idubber,  The  supply  of  coal,  l)y  economy  in  its  use, 
kept  the  natives  in  comfort  throughout  the  winter,  and  there  arc  at  this  writin;f  7 
t(uis  remainiiif;;. 

SUnSI.STEXCE   (U-  THE   NATIVKS. 

As  you  are  aware,  it  was  supposed  last  fall  that,  owinn;  to  the  limited  seal  catch 
last  year  and  the  consequent  small  auumnt  carui'd  by  the  uativi's.  their  credit  on  the 
l)oi)ks  of  the  lessees  would  not  be  sniiicient  to  carr.v  th(>  jieople  through  the  winter. 

The  auu>unt  staiidini;'  to  the  credit  of  the  natives  on  the  bo(d<s  of  the  lessees  on 
August  IL',  18i)l,  WHS  as  follows: 

From  the  saviujj.s  of  jirevious  years !f2,  !W,'?.  127 

From  the  .li vision  of  ISHl ' 1.  .m  00 

Amount  advanced  by  North  American  Commercial  Company  in  1S91 l,7l.'.">.00 

(!,  ons.  27 

lipRs  amount  to  credit  of  priest 1.  ^'S0.  70 

licavinj;  balaneo  to  creilit  of  natives 1,  187.  57 


812 


ALASKA    INDUSTUIFS. 


liui-iif  ill  ('h:iit.'i' iliil  licit,  llirn-l'iiro.  linil  it  iii-coHNiiry  to  iiivolvit  flii;  (iovi-i'iniii'iit  ,it 
itiiv  aiiKiiiiit  fill  iiiilivi!H'  MM|i|)i>rt  iliii'iii;^  till)  ]HMio'l  ciivcicd  l>y  IIiIh  i'i'|iiiil.  It  ili'  jr 
Holirit;iliiiiiH  liiiil  lii'i'ii  ri>iii|ilii'il  with  anil  (iiivcriiiiiuiit  iiiil  li:iil  liri'ii  tin  iiInJiiiI  tlnii) 
to  |ii'oi'iii'i-  liiiljiliiy  liiK-ry,  dti'.,  an  iiuli'litoiliirHs  ulaii  aliiiii.-it  iiiilofiiiitc  ;iiiiiiiiiit  iiiii4lit 
Inivd  lici'ii  iiiriiiToil,  lor  till'  aiiiiiiint  of  iiiorrliiiniliMn  tlin  aviTa);r  Ali'iit  woiilil  j»iii- 
cliiiMi- at  tlio  hIiiiii  of  tliii  li'HNiM'M  woiilil  III)  HiiiitiMl  only  l>y  tlio  ruHJi  in  li;iiiil,  tlji-ir 
criMlit  on  till!  liiiiiliH  III  tlin  ri>ni|iany,  ami  tliu  amount  iu  (Jovuniniunt  oidui*  vtUn'h 
they  loiiiii  iilitaiii  (roin  tlio  'I'ri'amiry  afjrnt  in  chiiij^o. 

WIDOWS,    (ilil'IIANS,    AMI   IXDIOKNTS. 

TIliM  rluKH  of  llin  |io|iiiltition,  iiirliiilin/^  tlioxo  Ntyli>il  ''iininarrii'il  wIiIowm'' ;im<| 
tlii'ir  odMiiriii;;.  Iiavr  lii-cii  wi'llcareil  lor  by  thu  Iijshih'h  iinil  rraHonably  vvi'll  Kiijijiiiiil 
with  liiiil,  fooil,  anil  rlntliin;;. 

SEALS    KIl.l.r.D    I'Olt   XATIVKS'    |.|»OI>. 

Till)  i|iiolii  of  tlli«  iHlniul  of  Honls  to  lio  liillcil  for  nalivi's"  I'ooil  (or  tli(>  kpiihoii  cii/I- 
IliK  A  |iril  ;ui,  IH'f.',  wa«  I'M).  Thin  nniiihi'r  wiim  killi'il,  the  sk ins  licin^;  all  iii  iiiii-cMi-nt 
tlm  Ifti  Killi'il  (liiiiin;  thii  Htii^.y  hciisoii,  as  statcil  in  my  rrjiori  ilaliiil  Nov<'ml»«i'  '£i, 
IXItl,  unil  lor  ri'aMoiiM  thcrrin  not  forth. 

'I'lii!  liist  killing  altiT  the  iloso  of  the  staj^cy  sraHon  was  niailo  on  Ortobi-r  'J'.i,  unit 
till)  luHt  Uillini;  on  Novi-mbor  L'7.  'I'ho  killiii;;s  for  tlio  jiroscnt  year,  iinili;r  iuilhoiily 
of  your  tuli'^rain  of  OitobiT  15,  1S!M,  have  lioi'ii  as  followH: 

At  /atiainli-,  in  May,  III  wito  driven  anil  t'killoil;  tho  carraHHeH  ami  skins  j>iK;kMl 
hy  till!  iiativi'H  to  the  villatji';  nkiiiH  all  prime. 

At  North  Wiiokery,  on  .May  !'('  i  ;>oiit  "lO  were  ilriven,  li(i  killed;  Hkiim  nil  \tt'uuK, 
Onu  seal  iin\f  out,  wmh  eliibbed   and  rikin  im  inded  in  above  eoiiiit. 

,\t  .North  Kookery,  on  ,li:uf  z.  Ik.  were  driven  and  IdH  killed;  W  were  tninrd  b.-nk; 
none  jieriMlii-d  by  the  way;  skiiiH  till  prime. 

.\t  I'iaHt  Kookory,  on  .June  *•,  :l''l  were  driven,  111  killed,  \'.V1  turned  iiw.iy  ;  ttkiuH 

aieeplcil. 

In  ai'i'ordanee  witli  your  instrnetions,  no  foxes  were  killed  diiriiif;  the  wiij|i». 
Three  dead  ones  were  I'oiiml  by  the  natives,  and  skins  were  delivered  to  the  eoiijpa»»>, 
awaitiiiK  your  instrnelions.  Having  availed  myself  of  every  opportunity  diiiin;^  tUt^ 
winter  and  spring  to  gatlier  data  by  which  to  make  an  eatiniuto  of  the  iiiimbi-r  nf 
foxes  on  this  island,  I  am  satisfied  that  there  are  not  to  exceed  3(X). 

CONIIUCT   OF    rilK   NATIVKS. 

The  eondnct  of  the  natives  has  been  such  as  to  merit  words  of  praise.  It  ha«  wit 
been  n«eess;iry  to  siimmon  anyone  before  the  (Joveinmeiit  ollieer.  and  they  hav<' 
ehierfiilly  i'oiii|died  with  every  rei|Uirenient  emanating  from  the  (ioveriiiiient  l«»ijw. 

For  the  reason,  iiinong  others,  that  laeh  native  head  of  a  family  w.is.  by  y<>fj#- 
direi'tion,  allowed  to  purehasooiie]iound  of  sugar  jier  week,  ii  reasonably  rlosr  whUU 
was  kept  lor  eviilenres  of  quas,  and,  with  two  minor  exeeptioiis,  no  evi<lin<-4«(  <;f 
iiitosieatloii  or  of  (|uas  brewing  have  been  found.  If  ijiias  was  maiiul'actuit;'!,  «|l 
was  used  (|nietly  in  the  homos  of  the  natives. 

Attaclii'd  heret<i.  iiml  marked  E,  please  tind  census  of  the  native  popul.ilion  «C  M, 
George  Island  for  the  year  IMfll. 

Attached  hereto,  and  marked  F,  please  find  tabulated  statement  of  the  arrival  ttf 
seals. 

lieKpeetfiilly  submitted. 

H.    R.    Nr.TTI.KTON, 
Asaislatit  Special  TrcuHunj  Ayiiil, 

Maj.  W.  11.  Williams, 

h'liikd  SliiltH  Trcusurij  Agent  in  Charge  of  Seal  Islands. 


] 


ALASKA    INDUaTUIES. 


313 


A. 

St.  (lEoiiOK  (st.ANii,  Ai.AKKA.  .faiiiiarii  1,  1,19.7, 
Sii: :  In  (■(iiiipliniiro  willl  your  i(ii|M('s|  lor  ii  Mtiilciiiotil  of  tlic  lioaltli  of  tlio  niitivn 
iiilialiiliiiitH  of  tills  Islanil.  I  smIiiiiII  tln'  fol lowing: 

SiiU'c  my  laMi  iiport,  miikIi-  to  A.  W.  Liivoiiili'r  on  Aii;,'iihI  II,  IX!(|,  wo  Imvii  liiul  less 
HickiiisH  tliiiii  iisiiiil,  iiiiil  no  iliMtliH,      At  prt^Kttiit  tlii^  nIi'Iv    iiNf,   is  Hinall,  niid   tint 
Ketiorul  (iiiidition  ol  liciltli  of  tliu  iiiitivoa  in  bcttur  tint.)  tlir  avi'ni;;c. 
ltOH|l(Ml  fiill> , 

Dr.   I,.  A.  N()Yi:m, 
I'ln/HiviaH,  Xortli  .hiirriritn  Commcrcidl  Cumjmny. 

S.    U.    \K"  il  KTOX, 

.lnHmtaiit  (Jiiiffd  Siatca  'Jreasitri/  Aijvnt. 


St.  fiKouoK  Island,  Ar.ASKA,  May  ,:7, 1S02. 

Silt:  I  ftgain  rcapoctfiilly  Hubniit  a  roixirt  of  tin-  linalth  of  tlio  nativo  population  of 
lliis  iMliin(l. 

Siiiio  my  arrivnl  liens  .Iiinc  .">,  IHill,  tlmro  has  liocn  1  <l<'at.li  and  I  liirtlis.     'I'liero 
have  liiMii  rwo  liijlit  opidcniics  of  iutliicnza,  oiio  in  the  fall,  the  otlioi'  in  .January; 
otlicrwiHc  no  HorimiM  illnt'Ms  iisidc   fiom   their  serofiilonn  and  pulmonary  trouldcs. 
'I'lieir  |ir(!aeiit  nate  of  liealtli  is,  for  thesis  jieople,  jjood. 
iiesiioctfnlly. 

Dr.  L.  A.  \OYF,.s, 
I'll !/ni(iiui  for  Xorlii  American  Commercial  Company, 

H.  II.  Ni:tii.i;T()x, 

Axsisitinl  lulled  Slaldi  Tnanury  .liiciit. 


n. 

Sr.  (iKoitdK  Isf.AND,  Alaska.  April, IO,  J,S92, 
Ueau  Sin:  I  here^vith  .-iMlinilt  to  you  tlio  followin.'  school  report  for  the  eight 
inontlis  from  Seplemlier  I,  \X'.n,  to  April  ;(0,  1S<(2,  both  inehisive: 

Days  tauj;lit ' 152^ 

Scholars  enrolled 2i' 

Days'  attondancc^ ;{  ;-{.j;{| 

l)aily  average 20.  Qh' 

Scholars  aliseiil 21 

Days  absent 40 

I'ixensed  by  (Jovernnient  nj„'ent ".  g 

Days  excused  by  (iovcrnnietil  ;i;;-ent 51 

i;\eused  on  aci'onnt  of  sickness 13' 

I  lays  excused  on  aecouut  of  sickness 4L, 

Twenty-oui'  scholars  were  enrolled  the  first  three  months;  then  1  was  excused 
by  the  (iovemnii'iit  ay;eiit,  beiiiii;  ])ast  the  Hfdiool  af^e.  On  the  7tli  of  December  I! 
scholars  boRan  schmd,  bavin;;-  arrlvcil  at  the  a^e  of  .">  years,  which  made  23  enrolled 
tor  the  remaiiiiler  of  the  teiiii,  and  but  .">  have  been  tardy  during  Iho  term, 

Mrs.  S.  K.  NicTTi.ETON,  Teacher. 
ti,  U.  Ne in. KTOX, 

Aijcnt  ill  chartje. 


314 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


Arriral  of  seals. 


Ill  isni. 


M.1V  4 : 

Stiirry  A  toe) 

!■;.  Uonki-ry , 

X.  Ilijoktw'V 

Miiy  r, : 

Z!i|)ii(Iiii(' 

May!): 

N.  anil  Starry  Alool 

K.  Kooki'iy 

N.  ll(M»i;t'rv 

May  14: 

/apadiiit' 

I,.  K.  lioiikory 

1''.  Kddkcry 

SlaiTv  Atecl 

M-;.  \-<:  ' 

St;irrv  Ati'd 

N.  KiMikciy 

K.  Kiiokciy 

Ty.  K.  lloukerv 

May  17: 

X.  Kodkriv 

>IllVl8: 

'X.  Jiddkcry 

Zii]y,n\u']v 

S.  Atecl 

■May  'Jl : 

N.  llookcT\ 

K.  Kdokciv 

May  'JJ  : 

X.  Kookcry 

May  25 : 

/aiiadiiic 

May  28 : 

'  E.  lidokcry 

X.  Kookrrv 

S.  Alcel 

May  :!ii : 

/a|ta(lni(' 

X.  l;.  and  S.  Ati'fl... 
.hull' 3: 

/.ajiailnio 

K.  liociktrv 


BnllH.   Holliicks. 


In  1802. 


nulls,    llcilliick.i. 


(II) 


I  May  2: 

1  ! Xortli  Kookory  ... 

1    May;;: 

2  ..  X.  UiKikory 

I  K.  linokcrv 

2! May4: 

X.  KiMiki'i'y . 

4    Starry  Atwl 

U    E.  KnokiTv 

14       May  7: 

/aiiailnii' 

2,-|       May.S: 

X.  Kiiokory 

....  S.Atecl...' 

I         E.  ItookiTy 

May  12: 

1         N.  Kookcrv 

....;  S.  Atucl..: 

0   I         E.  Kookeiy 

. . . .  ;  May  i:i : 

Zaiiailnic 

0    j  May  17: 

I  K.  l!oiikci'v 

211   ,:  L.  E.  lidOklTV  . . . . 

50  Mil  '    May  2;t: 

JO  10  II  Zaiiadnin 

!    May  25: 

:|  E.  KoukiTV 

;m    I  \j.  E.  Koiidcry      . . 

I  X.  liiiiikcrv." 

40  i  S.  Atcfl...' 

Mav2f;- 

2'i(l  '  X,  Uiiiikery 

:    Junii  ;) : 

Zajiadnii' 


100 


200 


100 
50 
10 

250 

48 

b  liOO 
200 


.1 

3 

1 

4 

4 

1 

1 

4 



4 

4 

4 

21 

1! 

(i 

2 

I.I 

2 

IG 

14 

lij 

20 

10 

5;i 
2 

i'li 


I-  500 


a  Xot  I'oiintid. 


b  And  1 1'ow, 


I"  And  107  r(i\V8. 


^ 


licks. 


(> 
2 
2 

14 

20 


nil 

2 


ri(!o 


in 


11 


l:i 

14 

I'l 
1(1 

17 
10 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 
CeiisiiH  for  61,  (Icoryc  Inland,  Aluxha,  for  ISHl, 


315 


Kanio. 


:i 

4 
5 
G 

H 
!) 
HI 
II 
IL' 

i:i 

14 
15 
HI 
17 
IH 
1!) 
'^» 
21 


28 
2!l 

:io 
:ii 
:i2 

.■11 
"'i 
.iO 

:i7 
■M 

40 
41 
42 

4:) 

4'. 
15 
41! 

47 
4.S 
4'.> 

r.o 
r,\ 


.-.8 
:<'.) 
liii 
i;i 
i;2 
li:! 
Ill 
lift 
iw 

I'u 

i;h 
(i'.i 
70 
71 
72 
7:1 
74 
75 
76 
77 


/i-nuvin. . . 
Mar'iiiini.. 
SiriM'on  . . 
Kvddiikia. 
Iniikiiilv  . 


l.i-iliiikofT,   Iniinkonfy  . 
l.cHliiikuli;   lai/.iiiiclh  .. 

1-i'Hliiikciir.   Ilcleiiii 

l.csiinkoir,  Miiiv 

hi'>.liiiki>n,  .Micii.-icl 

I.i'HIiiikiilV.  S;irali 

ShaisiiikiilV,  Julia 

Dt'kaimtV.    AnliiHia 

DBkaiiiiir.    Katie 

lIc'Kaiiiill.   lli'liiia 

Lcslinkiiir   Di'iiM'li'i...  . 

I.cslinkiill'.    Anna 

MiTr.ilid,  ilark 

IMiiliiiKiiintV.  An<lrnni<: 

I'llililllOllOll. 

I'llilillliillofl', 

riiitinioiiofV. 
IMiilinionoll', 

I'llilihliMKilV. 

I'liiliniiiiiiitV.   l-'c'ilii 

riiiliiiiiiiioll',  .Iiisejih 

I'liilinxiijoll,  Atlrain 

IMiiliiiiniHiir,  IN'rasrnvia 

I'liiliiiiciniiir,  I'l'liijia 

I'liilini.iiioir,  Krill. 

I'liilini IV,  (lllcta 

I'liiliniDnotV.  '. i icKi'iia 

I'liilininn"!!',   Kii^'cnia 

I'liiJinioiKilV,   Dc'inotri 

Oiistif'oll',  l''.iir;.\ia 

Malavansky,  Nicnli 

Mala\aiisky,  lirp.scniia 

Malavansk\".  W'assa 

Malavannky.  Slc|iiuila 

Malavaiisky,  lvl('ii])atni 

Malavansky,  I'ctiT 

(Iuat;;;i]l!'.  Susan 

N<"iiTaziitl',  A rkrnty 

N'Micraznlt.  Kuixmii'i 

Nt''li-r;i/,nir.   Mahna 

Neilcniziill'.  N iinliis 

Ni'ilcrazn!!',   Isadora 

liOkaiintl.  Sti'ii.'Mi 

Lekannt).  IVIr^ia 

Li-kanot),    Annalolia 

I..('kanntl'.   SiTtiins 

I-nili.  pictr.    I'cl.T 

I'roknpirll'.   A fanasia 

llf'Z.anrdr.    I'rditsia 

lii'/aiMilt.    Inniiki'nty 

Ivi'Zaiinlk   Si'fftVnia 

( tiistigiil).  A Irxft 

(lustipilt',   Manila 

('iistitiiilV.   Mike 

( lii.sti'jtolV.  SIniriin 

Swi'I/.jIV    Knsii'i 

Swriz*  tr.  i,a;h('rint' . .   

Swetzoll.  <in';.'nri 

Swcl/oti".    I'oh  xt-nia 

SHelznlV,  KicMiiia  

'  iiirnknlt",  ( 'in-ni'al    

(Jnriikiill',   Kali'i'ina 

(Talanin,  I'.'tralai'ia 

I  ral.-itiin.  A  l('\ 

Kiilikniii'ir.  Kvan 

Knliknlicir,  Varivarla 

Vickaloll.   Isvildkia 

Ui'Z.anzdIt'.  I'i'Icr 

Hi'Z.aiizcilV,  ^Iall(lna 

U()zanz"ll'.  'I'al iaiina 

Sliani',  Kii'SHa 

Sliani',  Dlli'la 

Sliani',  Micliail 

McrriiliclV.  .S(i']ian 

Moriiilii'lV.  Xaili'sila 

(ialnnin.  (iriilcna 

lialanin,  I'.vaii 

.MiTi'iilii'lV.  Ki'vn  na 

MerculijU',  Jnsi'iili 


Hex. 


M. 
F. 
F. 
V. 
M. 
I'". 
F. 
F. 
F. 
F. 
M. 
!•■. 
M. 
.M. 
F. 
V. 

V. 
M. 
F. 
M. 
M. 
F. 
V. 
M. 
F. 
U. 
F. 
M. 
F. 
M. 
I'. 
F. 
F. 
F. 
M. 
F. 
M. 
F. 

r. 

M. 
M. 
M. 
F. 
M. 
.M. 
M. 
M. 
F. 
M. 
F. 
M. 
F. 
II. 
M. 
M. 
F. 
M 
F 
F 
M 
F 

M. 
M. 
M. 
F. 
F. 
M. 
F. 
F. 
F. 
F. 
M. 
AI. 
F 
F 
M. 
F. 
M. 


Family  I'datinn.  Age. 


llnHbaiKl 

Wil(! 

IlaiiKlitci' 

(Id 

Son 

Daiiv'lilcr 

<iran(lilaiiylitcr 

Vi.sitiii- 

do 

ilo 

Widower 

llan^liti  T 

Adopt.Ml 

Iliisbanil 

WilV  

I>aiif:litcr 

Hiishand 

Win. 


1  la  lighter. 

Son 

HiiHliand  . 

Wild 

Daii^iitcr. 
Ihicliand  . 

Wild 

Son 


!  Son 

Stdpdaiiulilrr 

I'.d  lidlo.'.  lidad  of  iidusd. . . 

.'  istcr 

: do 

I  Nidi'd 

do ._ 

Xdplu'W .* 

Addptdrt 

Ilid^hand 

W  ill'  

Dau^'Iitdp 

Son 

do 

llnsUand 

Wild  

Son 

do 

I  Widower 

!  lirother 

Mollier*  inlaw,  widow 

!  Son  or  I'"eddsia 

j  (irandi'.anjiliteri.t'  Fedo.^ia. 

TIiiHbaud 

Wild  

N'eplicw 

Itaclielor 

Huslianil 

Wife 

.Son 

I'ninarrieil  

Daii^liter 

Hnsliand 

Wile  

r.rolhdr-in-law 

.Vdojited 

Ilii.siiand 

Wife 

Addiited 

Ilnsliaiid 

Wiln 

Dar  Kilter 

Widdvv 

Oauj:lit,M- 

Son 

Adopted 

w'liiow'!'!'!!!!!!!;!!!!!!!! 

Son 

Widow 

Son  


01 
,07 
20 
22 
111 
15 
15 
oil 

;t 

i 

2H 

4 

0 

25 

27 

1 

42 

I'.I 

17 

10 

I 

25 

2S 

4 

47 

:io 

1!) 

18 


:!2 
17 
12 
9 

;t 

40 
■M 
18 
14 
1 
2:i 
2:) 
U 


14 

4S 

l.'i 

4 

42 


7 
'J 'I 
41 

',t    t 

0 

:i2 
11 
no 

l.S 

fi 

47 
4« 

0 
40 
50 

8 
411 
2:1 


12 
20 
10 


B 


31  r; 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


Census  far  SI.  (leorgc  Island,  Alaska,  for  ISOl — Continued. 


Natni' 


Sex. 


Kamily  rcliitiiin. 


Arc. 


'      RO     Morrnliitr.  (Iporgo M.      Son. 

81  Ml  rcMlii'ir,  Stn|iiii(lB i'         Daii) 

82  Mcniiliitl,  Helena V i: 

20  8:i  '  .M./ciilii-ll,  Idhii  M.       Sciii  . 

H4      M.'ii'ulicir.  Wa.H.salcsi, |  !•'. 

83'   Mcniilii-ll,  Kvaii M. 

"«     Mcnnliill.  Alosanitri V. 

I      H'(      MiTrnilii'ir.  Kvdokia V. 

!      88     Mirciilioli.  Helena F. 

21  89     Mnrciilioir,  AnuB F. 


Daiidlilcr. 

Sciii  . 

Wiiliiw  ... 

Son 

Daiifrlitcr, 

do.... 

ilo  ... 


.do. 


18 
16 
7 
2 

40 
15 
13 
8 
6 


MaliH 40 

FenialeH 40 

Tot al 89 


Report  of  Aficnt ./.  Stunley-liroioi  for  1SD2, 

'W.VSiliNtiTON,  D.  (J.,  December  1,  J892. 
SiTZ:  On  IVfay  lii,  1S92,  you  did  nie  tlio  honor  to  instruct  uie  (ICxhibit 
A)  to  jnocec'd  to  tlio  rril)ilot'  Islands  to  relievo  ^laj.  W.  II.  Williams, 
Avliose  services  were  needed  elsewhere,  and  to  assume  tlie  duties  ot' 
Treasury  ajj^t  .t  in  charge  in  addition  to  my  more  sj)ecifi(!  task  of  con- 
timiiiig  the  iiv<'stigation  of  seal  life  on  the  islands.  Those  instrnctions 
iiave  heeji  carried  out,  and  permission  is  now  asked  to  lay  before  yo ; 
my  administrative  report  for  the  season  of  1802. 

nKPOlJT   ON   SKA  I.   LIFE. 

/?(  eourne  <>/'  iirepar((1i(iii. — Before  proceeding  to  the  details  of  this 
coinmnnication.  however,  it  sh(»uld  be  stated  tiiat  a  report  e  iibodying 
the  results  of  my  study  of  seal  ami  sea  otier  life  during  the  })a.--c  two 
seasons  is  in  conis(^  of  jjrcparation  and  will  be  completed  at  as  early  a 
day  as  the  dnties  assigned  me  since  my  return  in  connection  with  the 
liering  Sea  arbitration  will  permit.  By  yonr  direction,  the  data  obtained 
dnriiig  tli(>,  sea,-;on  of  hs-d  was  itlaced  at  the  disposal  of  the  American 
licring  kSca  (Jommissioners,  while  everything  collected  up  to  date  will 
ha\e  been  made  availalilo  in  the  preparation  of  the  ^,1.-'^  and  couru.r 
ca.se  to  be  laid  Itclbre  tiie  Paris  tribunal. 

('hdnirUr  of  (Uila  colliricd. —  Daring  the  course  of  ...y  investigaii.;;:; 
plans  have  been  develojx'd  and  facts  and  materials  secured  which  cw 
i)e  utilized  by  the  (loveniment  tnr  determining  with  uo  little  a(!curacy 
and  beyond  all  <|r,estioning  any  changes  that  mavoccnr  m  future  years 
ni»on  the  rookciic.^'.  Indeed,  this  imrito>  c  of  iH' (U)ring  a  substantial 
basis  Ibr  future  work  ha.-;  been  lept  st<'a'l.l;>  lU  mii:  ' 

I'jxm  charts  of  a  scile  of  li(!I  feet  to  ;he  inrii  '  >..  >■  been  placed  my 
obseivations  as  to  tiie  areas  occupied  by  the  seals  di-T'ing  the  past  two 
seasons.  These  ma])s  have  been  litliograjdied,  and  upon  them  as  a  base 
has  also  been  placed  all  information  obtainable  from  other  scnirces 
concerning  the  ((scillation  of  the  rookei'les. 

I'rom  li.xed  sfations  indicated  on  tluMharts,  ])hotographs  were  also 
taken  of  the  rookeiies,  and  in  order  (hat  the  l)ei)artment  may  bo 
informed  in  the  future  as  to  changes  in  the  rookery  areas  these  results 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


317 


Arc. 


1R 
16 
7 
2 
40 
15 
III 
» 
6 


40 
4U 


89 


can  be  tlaplicated  from  jear  to  year,  provided  suitable  arrangements 
are  made  for  doing  .so. 

h'ccoinmrnitation, — The  approjjriation  under  which  the  worli  is  now 
carried  on  being  a  continuing  one  and  made  to  meet  an  emergency,  has 
very  properly  been  discontinued  from  .June  30.  IS!*.'!.  In  view  of  tliis 
fact,  it  is  earnestly  urged  that  tlie  attention  of  Congress  l)e  drawn  to 
the  matter,  witii  ^lie  recommendation  that  in  tlie  ai)]»rr)i)riation  bills,  of 
the  11.  fi.  Fisli  Coii.'>ussion  an  allotment  be  made  for  and  a  e'ause 
inserted  re(|niring  an  annual  report  eoncerning  the  condition  of  .seal  life 
npon  tlie  I' ribilof  Islands.  This  seems  to  be  a  task  tliat  would  with 
jjeculiar  proi)riety  be  ]»erforined  by  this  liureuii  of  the  (Tovernment,  as 
it  is  already  equipped  for  such  service  both  with  vessels  and  traineil 
experts,  and  any  statements  emanating  from  it  would  be  beyond 
ieproach. 

ITINEEAliV. 

In  accordance  with  my  instructions,  the  journey  was  made  at  once  to 
San  FranCisc<»to  take  passage  on  the  steamer  SI,  /'((«/,  which  was  siip- 
jm.sed  to  leave  this  city  on  May -0.  Arriving  on  tlie  morning  of  tliat 
day,  it  was  fdund  that  there  was  no  probability  of  the  vessel  sailing 
liofore  tlie  first  week  in  June.  Knowing  the  iiuportaiiee  of  Major  Wil- 
liams leaving  the  islands  not  later  than  dune  10,  and  that  the  Lnited 
States  revenue  steamer  Corn-in  was  still  at  I'ort  Tow;. send,  passage  was 
secured  on  that  ves.sel  on  May  27  and  Unalaska  reached  on  .June  7. 
Jlemaining  at  that  ])ort  only  long  enough  to  transact  .some  business  for 
the  St  ate  l)epartment,our  luggage  was  transported  to  tin;  L'nited  States 
revenue  steai  ler  Runh,  and  we  proceeded  by  way  of  the  native  villages 
in  the  vicinity  •>f  Unala.ska  to  the  Seal  I.slands,  arriving  there  on  the 
aiternoon  of  .June  9.  Major  Williams  was  thus  enabled  to  leave  tlu'. 
islands  on  the  following  day.  The  letter  of  instructions  given  him  was 
handed  me  for  my  guidance.     (See  iiulosure,  Exhibit  A.) 

During  the  sumnier  my  entire  time  was  given  to  the  study  of  tlm 
])i()blenis  connected  with  seal  life,  and  to  tiie  duties  incident  to  the 
administraiion  of  tlu'  i.slands  of  St.  Taul  and  St.  (leorge.  On  August 
I'l  the  homeward  Journey  war  begui  ,  and  en  route  a  short  cruise  was 
made  in  the  Coricin  to  ;he  southward  of  the  i.slands  and  among  the 
native  villages  of  the  Aleu*^ian  chai.i.  On  August  L'l  iinal  passage  was 
taken  from  Unalaska  on  th^  J^'U/sh  Columbia  collier  Ihniuhr.,  bound 
tor  Victoria.  Tills  was  the  only  conveyance  at  hand,  as  the  li'iinli  was 
prevented  from  making  the  trip  to  the  coast  at  this  time  as  had  been 
jtlanned  by  the  necessity  of  retaining  her  in  ISering  Sea  to  perfoi  in  t!ie 
duties  of  the  disabled  Allxitronn.  Jieaching  Victoria  on  thc^  Jd  of  Sep- 
tember, my  arrival  was  telegraphed  to  the  Department,  and,  after  wait- 
ing forty-eight  hours  for  iustructions,  I  proceeded  directly  East. 


REGULATIONS. 

Thrir  abaencr  an  embarrassment. — On  entering  upon  my  duties  as 
agent  in  charge  there  was  encountered  the  embairassment  wliMtii  aro.se 
from  th(^  almost  total  absence  of  any  formulated  expn^sslon  of  the  De- 
Itartnient's  views  concerning  the  business  management  of  the  islands, 
nor  were  then^  any  formulated  rulings  indicating  the  otlicial  construe 
tlon  ol'  the  terms  of  the  lease.  Sofaraseould  be  found,  tlu;  only  guide 
upon  which  the  agent  could  rely  was  the  inform  'tlon  contained  'ii  the 
ainiual  letter  of  Instructions  or  such  traditional  lore  as  had  been  handed 
ilown  orally  by  former  agents.  Agents  come  and  agents  go  from  year 
to  year;  the  views  of  one  Clovernmeut  representative  to  the  islands 


318 


ALASKA    TNDL/fiTitlES. 


may  not  liavo  been  those  of  his  predecessor,  nor  are  they  lilcdy  to  be 
those  of  his  successor,  so  tliat  with  no  direction  from  tiie  central  head 
more  Hjx'cilic  than  those  indicated,  and  in  the  absence  of  continuity  of 
execntive  management  or  formnhited  business  policy,  tlie  interests,  if 
not  tiie  riji'iits,  of  some  one  of  tlie  three  parties  concerned — tiicCJovern- 
ment,  the  natives,  and  tiie  comi)any— arelilicly  to  suffer.  l'n(U'r  most 
favi'i  >'  c'Miditions  the  Just  and  ellicient  administration  of  tiie  affairs 
<»f  su  ;  ''lice  is  no  sinecure.  l)iit  in  tiie  jiresciit  cliaotic  state  of  tlie 

industi;  in  the  absence  of  business  rej^ulations,  whicli  should  have 

been  f^iiuiii.illy  develojjed  as  tlu'  result  of  years  of  e  ;perience,  the  rela- 
tions between  tlie  (iovernment  and  the  company  olncers  on  the  islanua 
may  at  any  time  lieconie  strained. 

Tliis  is  ill  no  way  intended  as  a  reliection  u])oii  individuals,  but  sim- 
]»ly  an  attempt  to  make  clear  to  the  l)ei)artment  a  ccmditioii  of  affairs 
the  existence  of  which  is  unfortunate.  It  shouhl  l)e  borne  in  mind  that 
two  interests,  in  one  sense  mutual  and  in  anotlicr  widely  diverse,  and 
represented  by  two  sets  of  ollicrials.  eoiilroiit  each  otlier.  On  tln^  one 
side  are  tlie  representatives  of  the  rioveriiment.  sworn  to  fulfill  the 
duties  of  their  ollice  to  tlie  best  of  their  ability  and  human  powers,  and 
on  tlif^  other  otticers  who,  being  cliai'iicd  with  the  welfare  of  tliecor- 
jxiration  wliich  they  represent,  naturally  believe  it  to  be  their  duty  to 
secure  at  all  times  the  best  interests  of  their  employers,  and  in  the 
execution  of  the  comi)i;ny"s  obligations  to  the  (Iovernment  to  apply  an 
economic;  rather  than  a  generous  interpretation  of  those  obligations. 
They  do  not  rc^present  a-  charitable  or  philanthropic  enterprise,  but  a 
business  concern. 

From  tin'  facts  presented  it  will  readily  lie  seen  that  radical  Imt 
lionest  diflerenc<'s  of  opinion  may  freijuently  arise  between  two  sets  of 
oHicials  which,  in  the  absence  of  any  direct  and  specific  regulations  or 
authoritative  decisions  on  the  jiart  of  tlie  Departiii'Mit,  may  become 
nunc  or  less  frictionai,  the  extent  of  which  will  depend  upon  the  per- 
sonal e(|uation  of  the  individuals  re))reseiiting  the  two  interests. 

In  the  jnesent  instance,  and  witli  pleasant  relations  existing  between 
the  representatives  of  the  Government  and  the  coniiiany,  the  details  of 
this  reiiort  will  show  that  such  a  state  of  affairs  is  embarrassing  to 
ofticials  cut  off  as  tiiey  are  from  all  but  tardy  communication  with  their 
sujierior. 

ASSISTANT  TKEASl'RY   AGENTS. 

Their  (tssifiiimcnts. — lust  before  leaving  Unalaska,  Captain  Uoo))er 
infm'iiied  me  that  he  had  instructions  from  the  Department  to  detail  a 
levenue  officin-  to  relieve  Agent  Murray,  on  St.  Paul  Island,  and  that 
he  had  assigned  Lieut.  J).  .1.  Ainsworth  to  that  duty. 

('ai)taiii  liavender  remains  in  charge  of  the  island  of  Ht.  (ieorge. 

in  this  connection  1  desire  to  make  my  acknowledgment  as  well  as  to 
express  my  api)reciation  of  the  hearty  cooperative  spirit  displayed  on 
all  occasions  by  Agents  Murray  and  Lavender  in  the  management  of 
the  islands.  lOvery  reipiest  was  cheerfully  and  ]»roniptly  met  and  an 
eltbit  continually  made  to  intelligently  and  eflectively  fultill  the  duties 
of  their  r(!S[)ective  offices. 

THE   KdOKEUIES. 

Their  co;i(Htion. — While  an  extended  statement  concerning  seal  life 
on  the  islands  is  reserved  for  the  report  jirevionsly  referred  to,  it  isjicr- 
tinenthere  to  note  briefly  the  present  condition  of  the  rookeries  and 
their  liiture  prospects. 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


319 


Siivc,  ill  one  direction,  and  this  may  be  more  apparent  than  real,  tlicre 
has  been  no  inii)rovtiiMent  in  tlie  rookeries.  By  rookeries  I  mean  both 
the  "breedinj,'  grounds"'  and  tlie  "lianliny  gronmls."  On  the  *'l)reed- 
ingLirounds"'  then^  lias  been  a  perceiitible  fallingoirin  iiuinlterH,  This 
(It'crcase  i>s  the  more  noticeable  at  iioints  where  the  smaller  groups  of 
breeding  seals  are  to  be  found.  It  is  the  old  story  of  the  litth^  jiool 
showing  the  effect  of  evaporation  more  plainly  than  the  larger  oik'S. 

There  was  so. little  driving  during  the  season  of  bSUU  that  an  excel- 
lent oi)portunity  was  given  to  observe  life  upon  the  "hauling  giounds/' 
several  of  which  were  not  disiurbed  during  the  entire  season.  Mere 
there  seemed  to  be  a  slight  increase  of  the  young  bachelor  seals,  altlntugh: 
this  may  liavt^  been  only  apparent,  from  the  fact  that  being  unmolested 
they  accumulated  in  larger  bands. 

Ih-iclmi  (111(1  its  cffccix, — All  killing  and  driving  was  umU'r  the  direc- 
tion of  a  Treasury  agent,  and  while  the  usual  (^are  was  exercised,  no 
chang(^  was  made  in  the  manner  of  driving,  for  the  reason  that  I  desired 
to  satisfy  myself  as  to  the  alleged  injurious  effect  of  driving  upon  tin^ 
young  male  seals.  The  best  illustration  of  such  injurious  effect  arising 
from  driving  would  be  furnished  by  the  drives  on  Ht.  <Je(Mge,  wliere, 
by  reason  of  toiiographic  conditions,  and  the  greater  distance  of  tlie 
'■liauling  grounds"  from  the  ••killing  grounds,"  the  travel  is  more 
arduous  than  on  the  island  of  St.  i'aul.  The  weather  at  tlie  islands 
was  tlie  sunniest  and  wannest  known  there  for  several  seasons.  Uy 
actual  count  the  deaths  resulting  from  driving  on  St.  Cieorge  Island 
wasL'iiin  lO.dOO,  or  one-fburtli  of  1  i)er  cent  of  all  seals  driven.  As  all 
i)f  these  '•road  skins,"  as  they  are  called,  were  accepted  by  the  lessees, 
absolutely  no  wastage  resulted. 

(Idrcrnmcnt  mnnoiiemciit  not  n'sjwiitiihlej'or  (h'crense. — While  it  is  reo 
ognized  that  it  is  the  duty  of  (he  Government  to  jx-rfect  in  ev'.'ry  way 
the  management  of  the  islands  from  a  business  standpoint  and  in  its 
relation  to  seal  life,  still  i  do  not  find,  after  two  seasons"  residence  ui»oii 
the  islands  themselves,  and  with  a  close  actpiaintanco  through  my  inves- 
tigation Avitli  all  the  details  of  administration  from  the  time  they  caimi 
into  the  ])Ossession  of  the  (iovernnient  until  the  jiresent  day,  tliat  the 
methods  adopted  by  the  Cuited  States  for  the  care  and  proteeti(Mi  of 
the  seals  can  in  any  way  be  Justly  made  resi)onsible  for  the  jtresent 
diminished  state  of  the  herd. 

Dent  met  if'  (Kjnit  noic  at  icorh. — While  the  United  States,  in  compli- 
ance with  the  demands  of  Kngland,  has  cheerfully  submitted  to  a  reduc- 
tion of  th(^  catch  ui»ou  the  islands  where  our  Jurisdictional  rights  aie 
undisputed  and  where  careful  selection  of  seals  and  complete  control  in 
taking  them  isiiossible,  killing  upon  the  sea,  where  it  is  indiscriminate, 
deadly  in  itseifeet  upon  the  herd,  and  entirely  uiicontntllable,  has  gone 
(Ml  with  unabated  zeal.  l'"or  the  jiast  three  years  the  average  annual 
killingon  the  islands  has  not  reached  ir),()(M),  During  that  same  period 
not  less  than  I.-)0.0()0  sUins  taken  in  the  sea  have  been  sold  in  the  Lon 
don  markets.  When  it  is  remembered  that  most  of  the  .seals  taUeii  at 
sea  are  females,  and  many  are  lost  from  sinking  or  escaj)e  fatally 
wounded,  this  ai)i)arent  catch  of  lo(),(M)()  re])resents  the  actual  death  of 
something  like  .UHMKIO  seals  of  all  sizes  and  of  both  sexes.  It  is  iii;' 
diClieult  to  realize  'he  injurious  effect  of  this  u])on  (he  seal  herd  ascoiii- 
]»ared  with  the  damage  inflicted  by  killing  on  the  islands  during  the 
same  jieriod  abcmt  lL!,(H)0  young  immature  males,  the  taking  of  which 
in  nowise  disturbed  the  breeding  grounds. 

1 1  is  naturally  the  object  of  the  iielagic  sealers  to  increase  the  etliciency 
of  their  schooners  by  carrying  as  many  small  boats  or  canoes  as  possible. 


320 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


It  is  evident,  therefore,  that  the  only  just  estimate  of  the  increase  or 
diminution  of  the  seals  at  sea  is  the  average  nundn'r  of  seals  taken  per 
snmll  boat  during  the  same  ])eriod  and  in  the  same  lot-alities.  Taking 
these  conditions  as  a])i)lied  to  the  Canadian  scaling  lleet,  a  comparison 
of  tiieir  catch  ]H'r  boat  in  18'Jl  with  that  of  1892  will  show  tliat  there  was 
no  increase  in  the  catch  i)er  boat,  but,  on  the  contrary,  a  trilling  falhng 
oil'.  That  it  is  not  greater  still  is  due  to  tiie  fact  that  during  the  past 
two  years  there  lias  been  practically  no  killing  ui)()n  the  islands.  This 
makes  good  the  loss  at  sea,  temporarily  diniinislies  tlie  late of  decrease, 
and  apparently  i)roves  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  (Canadian  sealers  tlie 
correctness  of  tlie  position  taken  by  tiiem  that  we  should  abandon  all 
killing  of  seals  upon  our  own  possessions  ami  leave  the  I'ribilof  Islands 
as  great  seal  ])reserves  for  their  benelit.  Despite  the  pretense  of  the 
sealeis  tkiit  there  are  more  seals  than  ever  in  the  water,  desjutc  the 
self-delusion  in  which  they  are  now  indulging,  if  indiscriminate  slaugh- 
ter contimics  and  not  a  seal  were  killed  on  laud  the  rookeries  of  the 
rribih)f  Islands  ar(^  doomed. 

SKAL  QUOI'A  AND    COMPENSATION   OF   NATIVES    FOR   TAKIIVG    SEALS. 

Seal  ijuotd. — In  accordance  with  my  instructions,  based  upon  the  terms 
of  the  modus  vivendi,  tlie  seal  ([uota  was  limited  to  7,.">00  and  the  killing 
done  uiK'  H'  the  direction  of  the  (JovernnuMit  otlicers. 

As  the  killing  of  seals  was  ])ermitted  solely  for  the  i;are  and  mainte- 
nan<'e  of  the  natives,  and  as  tlie  jiroportioii  of  inhabitants  on  St.  I'aul 
to  those  of  8t.  George  is  as  2  to  1,  an  allotment  of  5,()(,'U  seals  was  made 
to  the  former  and  2,500  to  the  latter  island.  No  pups  were  permitted 
to  be  killed. 

.S7i/«,v  .shipped. — An  examination  of  Exhibit  B  will  show  that  from  the 
island  of  8t.  Paul  were  shipped  on  8e])tember  7  4,!)U(!  skins,  which 
included  those  killed  during  the  pi  ions  fall  under  the  terms  of  the 
ir.odus  of  1891,  and  that  a  balance  of  791  seals  was  left  to  be  killed  for 
food  during  tiie  present  fall. 

An  inspection  of  lOxhibit  0  will  show  that  there  were  shi))i)ed  on 
Heptember  10,  from  the  island  of  St.  ( uvu'ge,  '2,~hhi  skins,  including  those 
killed  during  the  previous  tall  under  the  terms  of  the  modus  of  1891, 
and  that  there  remain  to  be  killed  for  the  food  of  the  natives  during 
the  present  l';ill  .">19  seals. 

Tiiese  exhibits  ccmtain  also  the  detailed  information  called  for  in  the 
letter  of  instructions. 

(]()nijH'nstttl()u  (>/  ndtiri'N. — The  compensation  to  be  paid  the  natives  by 
the  North  American  Comiiiercial  Conii)aiiy  f(U'  driving,  killing,  salting, 
and  curing  the  seal  skins  and  loading  them  on  board  the  company's 
steamer  was  lixed,  as  ])er  instructions,  at  50  cents  per  skin,  and  I'iXhibits 
I)  and  E  are  statements  of  tiie  amount  accruing  therefntin  and  of  its 
distribution  to  the  natives  on  each  island. 

SttKjcii  and  rrjcvicd  sl'ins. — In  this  connection  it  is  my  di'ty  to  ask  the 
attention  of  the  Department  to  the  question  of  stagey  and  rejected 
skins.  Tiie  former  are  skins  of  seals  killed  for  food  at  a  time  when 
the  hair  of  the  seal  after  shedding  has  not  grown  out  sufliciently  to 
render  its  extraction  easy  by  tlie  furrier,  and  tends  to  a  greater  or  less 
extent  to  produce  an  inferior  garment.  Naturally  the  com])any  are 
disinclined  to  receive  such  skins  at  their  full  value,  urging  that  they 
can  not  ])ay  the  bonus  and  sell  them  at  a  i)rolit.  They  further  urge 
that  to  place  such  i)elts  among  their  prime  skins  would  tend  to  debase 
the  high  character  which  the  I'ribilof  Islands  skins  liave  always  main- 
tained iu  the  market.    The  instructions  are  uot  to  kill  seals  during  the 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


321 


stagey  season,  but  it  is  inevitable  tbiit  a  lew  are  taken* eacli  year. 
])iniMfi;-  I  lie  coiiise  ol'  tlie  si^asuii  tlific  are  also  unavoidably  killed  a 
81  11  nuiiibcrot'niidersized  mules,  iind  in  tlui  taking  of  a  large  number 
ot  skins  there  are  always  a  lew.  wliicli,  though  (»f  good  si/e  and  exeel- 
lent  fur,  are  more  or  less  injured  by  the,  carelessness  of  the  skinners. 

.lust  to  what  extent  tlieso  iujuricis  render  these  skins  valiudess  as 
compared  witli  the  iirinie  skins  is  a  matter  wiiieli  the  coini»any  feel  they 
have  a  right  to  decide.  There  ure,  therefore,  at  the  end  of  the  killing 
season  a  varying  number  of  these  two  classes  of  skins,  the  disposition 
of  which  is  a  matter  which  (concerns  the  I)e[)artinent  and  about  the 
disposition  of  which  there  has  been  some  variation  in  the  methods 
obtaining  from  year  to  year.  In  diiys  gone  by  stagey  and  rejected 
skins  were  often  cut  into  strips  and  buried.  At  other  times  they  were 
given  to  the  luitives  und  been  me  I  lie  subject  of  illicit  trallic.  Last 
year  these  skins  w(>r(^  shipped  to  San  I'rancisco  and  turned  over  to  the 
company  on  payineiit  of  tlu^  infernal-revenue  tax  only.  The  first  of 
these  methods  is  oik'm  to  tii(!  objection  that  it  seems  a  wanton  waste  of 
a  i»ro(luct  wliieh,  tlKMigh  not  of  the  linest  (piality,  still  possesses  niu(;li 
value.  The  second  method  is  (o  be  thoroughly  condemned,  in  that  it 
develops  a  tendency  among  the  natives  to  carelessness  or  dishonesty 
and  furnishes  them  a  ready  means  of  procuring  small  supplies  of  liijuor. 
The  third  method  lays  the  (iompany  liable  to  the  criticism  that  it  is  to 
its  interest  to  make  this  class  of  skins  as  large  as  i)ossible  in  order  that 
it  may  get  them  at  the  reihi(;ed  rates.  The  stagey  and  rejected  skin-s 
of  the  past  season,  with  the  exception  of  six,  which  were  distributed 
to  the  natives  by  my  luedecessor  before  my  arrival,  were  shipped  to 
8an  I'^rancisco,  and  all  accepted  by  the  North  American  (Jommereial 
I'o  njiany  as  prime  skins. 

1  would  recommend  to  the  Department  that  a  definite  decision  be 
made  concerning  the  disposition  of  stagey  and  rejected  skins. 

As  all  skins  taken  should  and  do  form  ])art  of  the  (piota.  it  is  but  Just 
to  the  coiniiaiiy  tiiat  the  killing  of  "stagey"  seals  be  sedulously  avoided. 
It  would  be  cliea|)cr  for  the,  (Joveriimeiit  to  contract  for  fresh  meat  than 
to  t.tke  auy  great  number  of  stagey  skins  in  the  early  fall. 

.SUnwiSTKNCE   OP   NATIVES. 

Food  tutpplj/  and  prices  charf/ed. — In  compliance  with  the  instructions 
of  May  li  attention  was  given  to  the  prices  charged  the  native."  for 
supplies  at  the  company's  stores  and  the  (piantity  and  (puility  of  the 
articles  furnished. 

There  was  an  ample  supply  furnLshed  of  all  the  necessities  of  life, 
both  in  the  matter  of  food  and  clothing.  There  is  a  noticeable  absence 
of  frivolous  or  unnecessary  articles.  Cl(»lliiiig  is  sohl  cheaper  than  it 
can  be  purchased  at  retail  in  San  F'aneisco,  and  a  glance  at  the  accom- 
]);inying  list  of  food  articles,  with  the  selling  ])rices  attached,  will  show 
that  they  are  sold  at  rates  that  are  reasonable  and  that  will  compare 
favorably  with  those  of  retail  estiiblishments  on  the  coast. 

liliiok  toil por  poniiil..  $0.00 

Ciiii  coikIoiihoiI  iiiilli do .  2L' 

'Wliito  Huj^iir (to .  10 

Kuiitncl<y  loaf  t()l>iicco do .25 

Creole  tobacco lior  oiio-oiirhtli  iioiind..  .  10 

Pltificut do....  .10 

Ciindles per  ]ionud..  .  20 

AnHorted  swoet  crackerH do .  12i 

Soda  «'racker8 do .10 

Pilot  broad do....  .05 

U.  Doc.  yii 21 


822 


ALASKA    IXDUSTUIKS. 


Fldiir , for  50  piiiindH..  $1.50 

Itivv piT  ponntl..  .(W 

Sini]) ilo .05 

MiilclicH jior  imckiiKe..  .10 

lluttcr do .30 

AliiNtanl , j)('r  bottle..  .  15 

Hot  I  to  i>c|>i)i'r ilo .10 

Cotl'on p«r  1)01111(1..  .  :!0 

Liinl '.lo .  15 

lieiiiis do .05 

I'ciiNe do....  .10 

AViiHJilioiirds t'Mcli .  -  .  25 

Liiiiip  cliiiiiiioys do .10 

Starch per  I  poll  lid..  .10 

Hiooiiis eiicli..  !fO.  ;t()  to  .:i5 

Cod lish  lino piT  pound..  .  75 

Siilmoii  iiro,  i'tiriiislieil  Iroc  uikUm'  Uic  terms  oj'  tlie  h^iiso,  iiiid  tliis  yoiir 
(liicd  salmon  wcri^  br(mj>lit  to  llic  ishimls.  To  llio  {^tMU'viil  store  sup- 
plii's  were  iitldcd  ciiiiiu'd  IVcsli  bccl'iiiid  ciiiincd  toimitoos.  at  tiio  rcinicst 
of  1  lie  rosideiit  iijiciits,  iis  it  was  liclicved  tlicsc  articles  would  coiiti'iitiitc 
to  tlic  lioaltli  of  the  natives. 

Ohxlticlcs  to  projxr  niilfxislnicc  of  luitircx. — The  ciiief  dilUculty  in  tlie 
way  of  |)i'oi)erly  siibsistin;;'  the  natives  is  not  in  the  raw  commodities 
fiirnis]ied,but  lies(l)in  their  ocneial  inellicieiK'y  as  cooks;  (2)  the  liai)it 
of  ({lias  Lrewiiifj';  and  (•'?)  their  improvidence,  tiie  latter  heiii"  due  to 
their  al)ori}j;iiial  natures  and  to  tlieir  larj.je  incomes  in  past  years, 
(iiven  the  same  raw  commodities,  white  people  would  convert  Ihem 
into  a  variety  of  ])alatable,  nutritions  dishes. 

Xdlural  J'ootI  resources. — There  is  a  marked  dill'eronce  between  the 
}>eneral  thriftiness  of  the  people  of  St.  (Jeorfi'c  and  those  of  8t.  I'aul. 
On  the  former  island  each  family  has  constructed  a  small  storeiiousc, 
aiid  on  iusi)e(!tinjj  them  I  loiind  therein  a  jiood  supply  of  dried  seal 
meat  incased  in  the  large,  cured,  air-proof  stomachs  of  the  sea  lion, 
arrie  eufi's  pi'eservcd  in  seal  oil,  and  coal  nil  cans  and  other  vessels 
lilled  with  tla;  oil  itself  for  winter  us<'.  Such  a  ccMidition  of  alV.iirs 
«'.\ists  only  in  part  on  the  island  of  St.  i'aul.  It  is  true  there  is  some, 
excuse  in  the  fact  that  the  supply  of  ejiji's  ther^'ou  is  s 'ant,  and  thai 
the  sealion  rookeries  are  inconsiderable  as  compared  with  the  more 
e.xteiisive  ones  on  the  island  of  St.  (ieorjie. 

Ciiriiifi  .srtil  went. — In  view  of  this  the  attempt  was  made  on  St.  Caul 
to  cure  the  shouldeis  of  the  .seals  by  a  process  similar  to  that  by  which 
pork  is  ticatcd,  Tiie  company  kindly  contriluited  the  use  of  an  old, 
abandoned  l»oat,whicii  was  turned  upside  down  and  by  a  little  coii- 
stiuction  converted  into  a  sinokeliouse.  Colonel  Murray  took  hold  of 
the  matter  vi.tjorously,  with  the  resi-.It  that  all  tlu^  seal  meat  not  immedi- 
ately needed  for  the  coiisumjitioii  of  the  natives  was  i)ut  throu{i;h  the 
j)ro  -es.s  of  smokinji'.  It  lemaius  to  be  seen  how  readily  .seal  meat  will 
lend  itself  to  this  ])rocess  of  curiiijn'.  The  resiUt  may  be  seriously 
a'I'ccted  by  the  u.se  of  pine  wood,  the  only  available  fuel.  With  the  skill 
develo|)ed  in  uuxlern  times  in  curin{>'  meats  it  seems  as  thou>;h  so'ine 
method  mijilit  be  utilized  or  develo})ed  whereby  whok'some  seal  meat 
in  ample  (juantity  and  in  n  variety  of  forms  might  be  i)rovided  for 
winter  consumption. 

<^hi((x  hrciciiiii. — .\s  i»reviously  stated,  a  seric'vs  obstacle  to  properly 
subsistin;.;'  the  natives  is  their  confirmed  habit  (pias  brewing.  VVheu 
it  is  remembered  that  every  stapleof  life  can  be  and  is  employed  in  the 
)irei)aration  of  this  disgn.stJng  drink,  it  will  be  better  understood  how 
dillicult  it  is  to  enforce  temperance  and  at  the  same  tiiiu' furnish  the 
necessary  lood.     In  the  j)reparati(/n  of  (jiias  there  cmi  be  used  tloiir, 


D 
X 

UJ 

O 
5 
CO 


^^ 

ciiiha 

^i^ 

trlidi 

JSK^Hm 

I'linii 

Hk^^i 

ilS   tli 

^v^aB 

S(»  1,, 

I^hH 

lilSl    \ 

BiBH 

tlii.-( 

]>Vi,\H 

(]<'(t  > 

(.Mr. ' 

coal  i 

ALASKA    INDUSTKIF.S 


323 


HiijTiii,  (larkcrs,  rice,  iiiolasscs,  jcllicM.  y<'ii.sf.  cniKlt'iiscd  iiiilU,  mid  dried 

riiiiis.     \\  liitc  I pic  would  coiisiilcr  il  ii  liiii'(lslii|t  to  li((  deprived  ot" 

iiiiy  one  of  lliese  ('oiimiodities.  On  the  isliiiids  a  spnsmodie  attempt  is 
made  to  take  away,  liist  one  eommodity,  tlieii  aiiotiier.  in  tiie  liope  of 
l»romotin}'-  temperaiiee.  Tliis  icsuits  in  tlie  innocent  siill'erinf'-  lor  tlie 
{iiiilty  and  in  tiie  production  of  an  intoxicant  a  little  viler  lor  tlie  absence 
of  the  |)rolii))Jted  ai'ticle.  I  am  not  at  all  certain  that  the  coinlensed 
milk  liii'iiislied  lor  the  sustenance  of  their  Itahies  is  not  diverted  from 
its  ])roper  object  and  used  in  tlie  manufacture  of  (pias.  Under  present 
conditions  human  iiificnuity  seems  unable  to  devise  an  efVective  method 
of  bi'cakinii  np  lliis  liabit.  These  natives  possess  so  few  aiiiuseincnlH 
that  the  use  ol  (pias  is  a  diversion  and  its  very  illicitness  renders  its 
ii.aiiufaclnre  more  eiiticiii;^. 

'I'lie  o'ly  remedy  seems  to  be  the  doubti'iil  and  tedious  one  of  elevat- 
ill};'  them  to  a  dej^iee  of  intellijience  above  such  tiiiiifis,  in  w  liicli  event 
tliey  would  liardly  remain  contented  seal  clubbers  on  a  remote  inland 
in  the  center  of  llcriu};'  Sea.  In  their  present  tinancial  condition,  sup- 
]died  as  they  are  by  tiu' <  ioveriiineiit  with  the  necessities  of  life,  the 
adoption  fd'any  system  of  lines  «m'  the  employment  of  punitive  methods 
is  iiiipra(!ticable.  IIncii  supjiosiiifj  they  had  tiie  money,  they  would 
jjladly  ]>ay  any  amount  ratlier  than  t'orefi'o  the  use  of  li(|Uor,  and  any 
attempt  at  ('oiitiol  i>y  compulsory  labor  is  inelVective;  for  under  the 
])resent  system  the  (lovermneiit  i'e(|uires  all  to  labor  in  order  that  there 
will  be  less  disastrous  results  from  its  enforced  charity. 


o 

I 

UJ 

o 

CO 


FUKL   SUPPLY. 

Coal  fumifihrd  hi/  the  Oorcriim^nf. — In  ai'.ditiou  to  tlio  80  tons  of  coal 
supiijied  under  the  terms  of  tim  lease,  the  coinpaiiy  has  furnished  at  its 
coiiiract  [nice lino  tons  more,  inakiu};'  a  total  of  ;>()0  tons  which  has  been 
disi  libiited  to  the  two  islands,  in  tlu;  proportion  of  I'OO  tons  to  St.  Paul 
and  100  to  rtt.  (ieorjic.  In  my  Judjinient  tliis  is  a  satisfactory  amount 
of  fuel  lor  the  islands,  but  it  will  be  fully  demonstrated  b'  '^^•c  exi»e- 
rience  of  the  (iovernment  oflicers  durinj;'  the  coinin,!i'  winte  . 

('mil J'linii.slK'il  h/i  the  coiiiixni!/. — l>esides  tiiis  fuel  for  };eneral  distri- 
bution to  th(^  natives  the  l)epartnient  has  ruled  that  the  ••necessaries 
of  life"'  refericd  to  in  the  lease,  and  which  the  company  has  bound 
itself  to  furnish  to  the  widows,  orphans,  and  iiidi,nents  of  the  island, 
include  "fuel."'  Cpon  tiiis  ipiestion  I  found  that,  in  the  absence  of  a 
deliuite  statement  in  the  instructions  as  to  the  amounts  to  be  suiijilied, 
there  existed  a.  dilVerence  of  opinion  iietween  the  (lovi'rnment  and  the 
company  olliceis  as  to  tiie  oblij;ation  of  the  latter,  ami  that  the  whole 
matter  had  only  been  jiartiaily  atVected  by  this  ruliiij;'  of  the  Dejiart- 
nieiit.  'I'his  dill'erence  of  opinion  furnishes  another  illustration  of  the 
embariassnients  which  arise  from  the  alisence  of  a  lull  and  clear  ii'iter- 
prelatinn  of  the  lease.  'I'o  this  luliiii;'  it  was  fouial  that  tlie  siijierin- 
teiident  of  the  company  objecti'd  on  the  .ground  that  when  tliey  had 
furnished  the  SO  tons  of  coal  they  had  fiillilled  the  terms  of  the  leas(^, 
as  the  widows,  orphans,  and  indij^cnts  are  sharers  in  the  beiielit  of  that 
80  Ions.  The  comiiaiiy,  however,  furnished  a  certain  amount  of  coal 
last  year,  as  will  be  explained  later.  Theii;  arose  last  year  and  aiiaiii 
thi.->  tlie(|uestioii.  If  coal  is  to  be  furnished  by  the  company,  what  is  the 
lU'oper  amount.'  Inquiry  developed  tlie  fact  that  on  one  hand  my  ])ie- 
decessor  claimed  he  had  arranjicd  with  the  company's  superintendent 
(Mr.  Tinjile)  to  ;;ive  to  these  widows,  orphans,  and  indijients  all  tlui 
coal  actually  needed,  while,  on  tlie  other  hand,  the  superintendent  wa8 


324 


ALASKA    INDUSTHIKH. 


(|iiil<'  (Ift'jilt'd  tliaf  tliis  was  iinl  tlKM-sf,  hut  tlnit  Mm*  iiiHifrK(:iii<lJM(i( 
Wii.s  tliiit  IIh'.v  Wert'  tn  l;iivo  100  iiouikIs  tnt'iy  ten  days,  ami  tiMfKs  w;«-» 
ii  liiitli(!r  lM'li<it' sii},';i»'.s(('(l  by  the  records  kcjit,  l)y  A';-t'iit  IJarijcx  lljal, 
100  |itMiiids(fVfry  week  played  soiiui  i>ait  in  tluMiiatter,  In  t\n' nitm'.ui'A'. 
of  anylliinu  delinite  tluMt*  wa.s  made  (pending  the  linal  aetion  tit  iUf, 
Drpailnient )  a  |>ii>\  isional  aiTaii;;eiiiuut,  whicli  is  tiilly  Het  toith  in  IJik 
tuliow  in;;  edrrcspondeiicc: 

Si.  I'aui,  I- land,  AitijiixtN,  Ift^n. 
IlKAK  Silt:  ki'I'oi'i  ill};  tci  tlitti'iial  In  lio  ('iiniiHliiMl  to  Miu  wiilnwH  of  tin  iu<ul  iAnntUt 
liy  I  Ikm  i>iii|iiiii,v,  I   liinl  timt  in  a  pMii^ral  wiiy  tlio  IimmIh  of  liott  yc^iir'H  ilintiil«ijt(«/M 

WIIH    Hill   ||IMIII(I~I    |HM'    NMI^K. 

\\  liili'  I  ilo  not,  wisli  to  jiuhm  jiiilu-iiuMit  upon  tlii'  Hiillirioiiry  or  inHiilliciiMiry  of  tl<M 
:iMioiiiil.  I  tal-t'  till!  Iilxtrty  of  i'i'i{iii'Ht  in;;  tliMt  tlio  sanio  anioiinl  liii  fiiiliisijMl  I(h« 
,\ciir,  aiiJ  that.  till'.  wi'oUlv  allowainr  of  roal  \w  i'liaiiK>Ml,  ho  flial  iliiiin;;  I  Hu>ul\m 
of  I)(!iciiili(M',  .liiiiiiary,  I'uliiiiary,  Marcli,  A|)i'il,  ami   May  oacli  wiilou  c'  i<-4'(y« 

1'.'',  |,oiiiiiiH  weekly,  ami  tint  rliiiiii,;   the  nioiitliHcif  ,lniio,  .Inly,  AllH;ll^l  'H^mr, 

Oetoliio,  anil  Novmnlier  it  weekly  iUhI  riljiition  lie  made  of  7"  iionniU. 

'I  lio  tollowini;  iHiilist  of  the  familieN  on  St,  I'aiil  to  whom,  in  onr  (;onv<-i>»IJ«w<*, 
we  have  a;;reeil  thai  I'oal  nIii.hIiI  lir  Neiit .     This  list  In,  of  eoiiv.se,  Hiiliject  to  <  hauifiw  (// 
ileatli  or  inai  iiai;i!.     It  iloe»  not  iueliido  tUo  wiilow'H  ou  .St.  (iuoi';;ti. ' 
I£i!>|ieel,fiilly, 

.).    .STA.M.KV-liKOWN. 

.Iflhiii  Trvnmifji  .It/viit  in  Chunjv  A'«/  hlamlii, 

.Ml.  (ir.iiKl.l,    l{.    'I'lNlil.K, 

Siijiiiiiilcnileiil  .\inlh  .liuriicdii  Cuiiiiiniu  iiil  < 'niiipaiiii. 


Ihpi iiilinl  iridium  unit  nriiliaiix. 


lain 

I'lir 

ii.y- 

Kiiiia. 

1 

•i 

I 

■i 

i 

fl 

•A 

7 

4 

M 

It 

:, 

III 

II 

1',! 

I.'l 

0 

1  { 

Vi 

7 

ll> 

17 

IH 

8 

lU 

u 

20 

XunioH, 


ItiiliikHliin.  Malriiiiii. 
ItiilnkHltiii,  Alalia. 
Slia|MiHliiilkoir,  l';ii'aHro\  ia. 
Iti-llaKlii/.ol),  I'.'lli'ii. 
TiTiiiiutnolt'.  Mary. 
KiiHl>i\  iiilKiM,  .\viliilla. 
KiiHliiviiikoll.  I'aiil  (mui). 
Knikiill',  .\iiiia 
Knikiill,  Natalia. 
Kriikoll.  .Iiiliii  (Hiin). 
K>>/liill',  I'araHciivia. 
Kii/.liil),  .Mil  liai'l  (Hiin). 
Ke/.loir.  .Niriili  I.'<1MI). 
SiTcliriiiikoll.  (Iltia  (siHter). 
.S'l-drra/iill,  A^riliiia. 
.NidiTaziill.  Alexia  (mom). 
I'ii|i>ill',  .\viliitia. 
I'lijioir,  I'.vriweiia  (ilaufililei). 
Ilnlakxlijii.  .\iiiia  (ilaiigliter). 
I'o^nliiiikiill'.  Va..<HiliHii. 


fa  111- 
ilv. 


I'm-- 

ROIIH. 


KuiillD. 


i;il 


15 
17 


•J  I 


24 


•J7 
UMI 

:>ii 
:n 

112 

:i4 

:i7 
;i« 
;i9 


I'lipolV,  .Maiiania, 
.SliatyaKiii,  liaria. 
lioiikov  i.iliijikuir.  Aiiiiixwi. 
liUoknx'iHliiiikott.  Mi'jiaii  ivnt' 
Unnkiiv  iHliiiikiill.  .\iiiia  i'\mj^Mtirt, 
Kniikiivi»liuikiiir.         l'ut*»icttMi» 

(ilaiit^litiTI. 
lii'/.aii/olV.  .\iiiiu. 
'I'l'liill',  I'l'HliiHia. 
Teliiir.  lii'iM)  lilaii^liti'r), 
'I'eliili;  Sella  (ilaii«lil<-r;. 
KorlliT^rin.  (ieorj^e  (»ea), 
'ri-rraiile\  a.  .\  una. 
'rerriintox'a.  .\iiiia  iilaii;:ljl«.|'/. 
ivraketl'.  .Maxim  (iiiiU-ijI*/. 
KriikdlV,  Kiiitexta  (wite;. 
Krakiiir.  .Inliii  (nnu). 
Ivnikiill,  <'i)ijilial  (»«Ly. 
VolkolV.  Kllen. 
Shulya^iii,  I'ltta. 


Oonceiiiiii;,'  this  (|ue.sti()n  of  coal,  tiie  following  reply  was  itn'j'.ivcAi 
Croin  the  siipeiiiiteiideiit  of  the  eoiiipaiiy: 

NOUTH    AMKHK  AN    COMMriUIAI.   ('oMt'AKV, 

,S7.  I'aiit  tsiand,  JIaal.a,  .'liii/iii,!  /'/,  /*,'/.?, 
Di.Ait  Slit:  I{(iforrin<;  to  yours  of  8th  instant,  in  whiili  yoiiroi|UeHt  tins  Noj  tlj  Aint^i' 
eaii  ComtiMM-eial  ('oiii])any  to  ilistrilinto  eoal  to  the  wiihiwn  ot  the  tiital  iniaitiiitou  t* 
Imhin  of  KHI  iioiind.s  jier  wuek  eaeh,  I  have  to  Hay  that  thij  distrilmtion  i<h!il)  !<«'  fotntn 
as  yon  r<!(|iiiHt,  liecaiiHn  the  Deimrtiiieiit,  thiough  yon,  so  otdird.  'the  i'JimitmtV, 
him  ever,  l>y  iiiakint;  tlie  distrilintion  does  not  acknowledge  their  liahility  or  yi/HiVf. 
their  lijiiit  to  preHcnt  a  hill  ii^ainBt  the  I'liiteil  Statiss  (loveninient  for  the  luU HMtflilli 
of  eo-il  MO  distribtited,  on  the  ground  that  their  lease  doeH  not  rei|iiire  it. 


'  t  had  eot  the  .St.  (ieiir;;(>  list  liy  mo  sit  the  time  of  writin- 
uii'uiiKuiijuiit  aiiplieU  to  St.  Cieorgo  as  woll. 


tluH  letter,  \iHt  lh*i 


ALASKA    INDUSTRirS. 


.'12 '> 


Yo;».r  Hst '  oC  iIi^iksihIciiI  iut^dii-^  iiikIit  iIic  Norili  Aiiici  icnii  ('oimiicrcinl  ('(Hiiiimiiv'm 
Iciihe  JM  i(H met,  iiinl  tli<i  lulinii  or  MMjuilicK  stud'il  liy  ynii  in  vmirM  ii(   iho  Mtli  iiiNtiiiit, 
i\r'  vvi'll  IIS  nil  viiiii'  iii'li  iH,  sliiill  l.r  liiilliliilly  iMiriril  out.  Iiy  llii'  i'oiii|iiiiiy,  us  it  U 
)li<-ii'  wisli  in  llir  riilli'st  iiiiiiiiii'i  tn  iiiin|ily  willi  nil  llir  i'i'i|nirunutnts  iif  tliti  htii^c, 
I  iilii,  viny  lusiKcUiilly, 

<;k(i.  I{.   I'lNci.i:, 
Sininliili  iiihiit  Snrlli  .liiicricdii  ('i>iiniiirfi(il  ('(iiiipiiny. 
J.  STANI.KY-HUOWX,  Kn(|., 

TridHiirii  .lijnil  in  I'liiuijr  Sud  hItintlH, 

ill  addition  to  tlic  ('((iil  to  bo  rcaeivod  Croin  tlic  coiniiiiiiy,  instructiona 
w<'i((  K'l't  with  llic  I'osidciit  ii;i(Mits  to  sco  tliiit  none  of  tlicsc  raiiiiiie.s 
siilVcrcd  lor  fuel,  uiiil  tiuit  :i  iccurd  i»c  iicpt  <tt'  nil  (u»iil  so  riii'iiisiicd. 

Tiicrc  iir«'  now  upon  tlic  two  isliinds  sonic  twenty  fiiinilics  to  wiioiu 
coal  would  liiivc  to  lie  riirnislicd  l»y  t'  i  coinijany  under  tiic,  dci-ision  ol' 
till'  Dcpaitincnt,  and  at  KlO  ixmnds  per  wcciv  iK'twccii  10  and  oO  tons 
jicr  year  would  Ix^  required,  oi'  aiiout  L';\  tons  i»er  laniily. 

A  ddinite  dccisidii  slioiiid  lie  made  l>y  the  Department  eovcriiiB:  this 
case.  i;c;iardless  of  wliat  tliiit  decision  may  he  as  (o  tiie  duty  of  tli« 
company,  it  is  clear  to  me  thai  ij.',  tons  of  coal  p«'r  aiiiinm  is  not  sntll- 
cicnt  Inel  nnder  cxistin;;-  conditions  of  s(!ant  idnhher  supply.  The  (iov- 
cinnient's  allowaiiee  of  coal  is  aiiont  .">  tons  to  the  family  pei'  aniinin. 
Jt  seemed  hnt  humane,  thei«'lore,  to  leave  instructioiiH  witii  the  resident 
ayciits  to  fnrnisii  to  the  families  of  widows  whatever  coal  was  needed 
ill  excess  of  the,  100  pounds  supplied  hy  the  coni])aiiy. 

HUl'I'LlES  TO  UK  FXillNISIIEU  HY    THK  COMPANY  TO  WIDOWS,  OKl'lIANS, 

AND   INDIGENTS. 

Ih'parinu'nfs  present  ilt'cisioii  itisnffivieiil. — There  is  ]>robably  no  tea- 
tHie  connected  with  administration  of  the  island  that  is  ](ro(luctive  of 
more  eml)ariassiiu'iil  than  that  which  is  furnished  by  the  clause  of  the 
lease  which  states  that  -'the  com])any  will  also  provide  I  lie  necessaries 
ol  life  for  the  widows,  orphans,  and  ajjcd  and  inlirm  inhaliitants  of  said 
island  \vli<»  are  unable  to  ju'ovide  for  tiiemselves.''  In  this  case,  as  in 
the  matter  of  fuel,  a  i)artial  ruling  of  the  IJepartineiit  has  but  sli^ditly 
simplilied  matters. 

iSiateiiienl  of  the  eonditious. — In  the  instructions  it  is  stated  that 
"The  l>epartment  understands  that  this  clause  includes  widows  and 
all  other  persons,  refjardless  of  ajje,  sex.  or  condition  of  i)arentajue, 
who  are  ])liy8i(!al]y  unable  to  i)rovide  for  themselves.''  From  this  it 
will  be  seen  that  only  the  recipients  are  delined  in  this  ruling,  aud 
there  still  remains  to  be  determined  what  is  a  ]U(ti)er  fultillment  of  the 
lease  in  the  nnitter  of  food  and  clothing.  What  constitutes  the  ])roper 
<'are  and  maintenance  of  the  latives  ;'  What  is  a])roper  ration  of  food 
and  clothinj;?  Who' shall  decide  U])on  this  matter?  1  could  not  dis- 
cover that  any  businesslike  method  had  been  devised  to  ac(piaint  the 
(iovernnient  as  to  the  ]»roper  fullillinent  of  the  lease  on  the  part  of  the 
company,  not  only  that  the  dependent  class  of  natives  shall  be  cared 
for,  but  that  the  conduct  of  both  the  (Jovernmcnt  and  coiui»auy  should 
be  beyond  reproach.  Home  metliod  is  certainly  needed,  for  none  now 
exists.  The  recital  of  my  experience  in  deaiiiifi'  with  this  (piestion  will 
show  that  under  existing  conditions  tl  e  problem  is  a  comi»lex  and  not 
a  siuii)le  one,  and  is  further  complicated  by  tiie  ignorance,  fjfcneral 
thoufihtlessness,  and  dependent  character  of  the  natives,  an  (•xcelient 
illustration  of  which  is  given  under  the  head  of  "Maintenance  and 
enii)loynient  of  natives.'' 


I  This  rcl'i'is  In  letter  i>r  AiiKiist  8.  ISit',  jt.  5! 


.'52r; 


ALASKA    INl/USTllIES. 


liii.sfiiui  <nT(iit(j(i)K'iit. — Oil  iiKiuiriiiji'  of  the  supcniitondeiit  of  tlio 
Ndi  til  AiiuM'ican  Coimiu'n'ial  ("oiiiDiuiy  hs  to  tlie  custom  ol'thc,  coiiiiiaiiy 
in  ri'^iiirdto  tlu^  siiitplit'S  fiiniisliel  the  widows  and  orpliaiis,  he  handed 
nie  ii  iiuMiiorandiini.  "ipon  which,  as  a  basis,  tlie  IbUowiiig'  letter  was 
l)re[iai'ed  and  sent  lu  liini: 

Sr.  Vai'i.  Island,  .Im/ii.tt  cS',  Av.'/C. 

Ukai;  Sih:  'I'lic  I'oIlDwiiii;  is  my  iiu  icrstiiiKliiiK  "i  tlic  ])ui'|k).si' cil'  tlii'  North  Anicr- 
iciiii  Coiniiiiicial  (  iiiii|i;iiiy  in  rcumil  to  tlie  I'oiid  mikI  i-lotliiuf;'  to  lit^  Hiijiplifil  Uy  tlin 
<'ii|ii|i:my  iiiiiltM'  tlic  ti'rnis  of  tlii'ii'  'r:ise  to  tlio  "  widows  anil  (.rpliMns  ii'iil  a;;i'il  ami 
inliriii  inlialiit.iiils  <■!    I  he  si-al  isb'iids  who  ill.-  unalilc  lo  provide  foi  tlicn. selves :" 

A  weelvly  ration  to  eacli  adiili  of  1  ponnds  cjf  soda  (lackers;  one-half  ])oiind  cd'fea: 
:>  eandle;.  ( in  wii  ter  (!) :  i  harsoap;  Ij  ii)niids  sweet  erackers ;  1  pound  8U.i;ar;  I  can 
I'ondoiiHi'd  mill  .  inatel;e-;. 

I'.ach  de)>einlent  child  to  receive  a  weelily  lialf  ration  of  tiio  ahove.  witli  the  <'xce.i>- 
tioii  iif  matches  ami  eandhis. 

In  addition  to  tlie  above  all  are  to  receivo  Hour  and  yeast  as  reiin  ircd,  salt  heef  as 
needed,  pease,  ii  inaloes,  he.ans.  rieo  when  called  for.  laniied  fruits  and  jellies  oeca- 
siniially;  also  slaves  and  stovepipe  when  iiecis^ary;  the  distrihntion  ol'  huttertohe 
left,  I)'-  your  n-  piest,  to  the  company's  local  ajient. 

Jn  lh(!  matt f  (didhiiifi;,  shoes,  stoi  kin;;s.  dresses,  and  other  arlicles  of  vvearinj; 

!i]i))iiri  I,  t<>  lie  iiirnished  when  roi]niied,  provid(ul  they  are  found  to  he  necess.iry  liy 
the  Nor'li  .\nieiican  Cuniiiany's  Imal  anent. 

Any  eomphiinis  for  nonfullillmeiit  of  the  almvo  are  to  he  made  to  the  Treasury 
a^ei.t,  wh.i  will  then  eonfi'i-  with  tli(>  company's  aecnt  and  adjust  tin!  same.  'I'he 
tollowr:  i  is  a  list  of  j)ersons  on  St.  I'aul  I.sland.  whom  iu  your  jiidi'ment  properly 
coMie  I  .I'lor  the  terms  of  the  lease. 

"\  .'vv  resnecl  fully,  .1.  STANl.in -HiiowN. 

.Icthiii  TiriiKiii-ji  .tijent  in  t'htinjc  .Sc«/  hlmiiln. 

>Ir.  (:i:i)i;<ir.  \'.  'I'lMii.i;, 

.'>iipvriiil(iiili  III  .\iirlli  .lincricaii  ( 'uiiiiiu  nial  CiHiqiiiiiy. 


lie 


l>fiiin:lilit  iiidoicn  mill  iir/ilKtili. 


Fniii      I'lr- 
il\.      sori. 


6 

1(1 

11 

K! 

•' 

11 

7 

Hi 

17 

IS 

X 

lil 

» 

*JII 

ItnliK.-liiii.M.'iln.n:!. 
BiklMUsliiii.  .Vuiiii.'C 
SIi;i|t()^hiiiken,  I'iiriM'n\  ill. 
iiclliiKlM.^ell.  i.lii'M. 
rcrrikiiiii.ll,  .Miifv. 
Kiisl.i.  vMJiidll,  .\viliiti;i. 
K*isliii-\  nikeir.  Paul  (sen). 
KniliiilV.  Anna. 
Kriil.eir.  Nal,'ili;i. 
Knilii.lV.  .lelu,  Imii). 
IviMl<)if.  l';(riiscn\iji. 

Kllslill).   .Mirliai'l  (r'lilll. 

Kiisluii'.  Ni.ivli. 
1 1  I  .S.Tcl.iriniki.tl.  (i.ula  isi-lcii. 
'■'  '   Ni-iici;(, '01'.  A;:riliii;i. 

.\('(Ii-ra/nll.  ,\lcxia  (xiir. 

I'.i|iiiir.  Avdelia. 

INtlMtil".  I'lNruHi'Ka  (daiiuliit*!'!. 

I^iirik-^liiK,  .\  iiiia. 

roc^ikiliUeir.  \'a.s>ili'>a. 


Kaiii' 
ilv. 


II 
I'J 


Nllllll!. 


l:i 
14 


'.'i  I'lijiefV,  Araniisia. 

■J'J  Sliiiivii!.;in.  iMriii. 

'I'.i  U.Miki.\*i>liiiikoti.  /v n'ii,-*>4a. 

L'l  lvOiikiivi.>.lrMikHll.  >'i  ■pan  (^<lln  . 

li.'i  l;iiiik(i\  isliiiikcill   Anna  (ilaiiLliIcr). 

Jil  Keiikin  (.■-l.inli",!'.  I'aiiiMcinia  (ikomh- 

Ici). 

27  liczan/;til',  ATin.i. 

JS  'IVief,.  I'Vil.cia. 

•J!)  Tctdtr,  Iii-nn  (daiitflitcr). 

:m  Ti'iiiir,  Sniia  (il.ia^'inci). 

:{I  I\(K')icr;;iii,  (icn.  (..im). 

:ij  fcrniiitiiva.  .\iiiia. 

:;:i  TiTranlina    Siiiia  KlanHlUeri. 

'M  Kriikiiir,  ^lavini. 

:i.'>  Kriikii'!'.  !''>  irlesia  (wilVi. 

:'.i;  K'vnu.ii)',  .li.liji  1^(110. 

.W  KrnkniV.  Ciinilral  (.sfin,. 

X->  \'.  iknir,  Klliii. 

:!S)  Slmlya^dii.  ricta. 


Tile  following- oi|ihaiis  who  ha  \c'  hollies  wii  h  ol  her  iiiitiNcs    ,iie   lo  li.ive  asiipply 
of  cloi  hill;;  furnislie(l  ilieiii  liv  I  h  '  com  pan  y  : 


No. 


NaiiK 


U(  Hiilcin  o  Willi 


til  liniriHlaiiolV.  :Mary .S.  Ili  ^iodaiMiM. 

II  M.I  /cikaii.  .Miir\ ,   V.  S|.(i'iliis. 

l;;  ValniaiKil!'.  .\ii/ciiia '  A.  <  1  alakiiiiiicll'. 

i:i  /.akamir,  laninanncl I.  (Ilninii. 

44  Zacliandr,  Fiddsia   >.  (lujiKdl. 


Photograph  of  St.  Paul  ViLLAGt,  showing  Relation 


Photograph  of  St.  Geohoe  Village,  showing  Relatil 


JL  ViLLAGt,  SHOWING   RELATION  OF  VILLAGE  TO  WELL. 


GE  Village,  bHowiNG  Relation  of  Lake  to  Villagl. 


'l-ll. 

Sll|l|l< 

Mnxi 

lldllHI 


ALASKA    INDl'STlilES. 


327 


'I'lirHc  live  orpliiiiiH  lire  (It'stitiito,  und  tlin  iii:ij(iiity  nt'  tluMii  li.ivd  hpcii  hmotoCoro 
HM|>|iiirti'il  l)y  till'  r()iii|i:iii.v.  TliHy  luivo  only  cliMiiucd  losiilimrn  siiici!  ImhI  year. 
Mnxini  is.iii  iinlxtcili'  who  in  i|iiiti'  htdploss.  Klluii  \'olk()ri'li^i.s  a  rooiii  In  \\i:v  lirotliitr'M 
liniisi',  :iii<l  slic  WiiiitH  for  iiotliiiij{  cxcu-pt  <foal. 

Tlie  answer  of  tlio  sniMM'iii tendon t  to  tliis  coinniunicatiou  is  enilxulied 
in  tiie  reply  to  my  letter  of  August  6, 181»J,  concernini;  tin;  coal  supply, 
iind  lias  already  been  (|Uoted. 

( Ml  the  island  of  St.  George  tlierci  are  but  tliret^  widows  wlio  (•(une 
under  tiiisarranj;eiiieut. 

Siifiiirstr)!  nn-niKjvmi'nt. — In  conversation  witli  tlie  supciiuteudent  of 
the,  eoinpany  n]ion  tiiis  sul)je('t,  1  called  attention  to  the  ia(-t  that  it 
would  tend  to  produce  hariuonyand  he  advantag('(tus  to  all  parties  con- 
cerned if  some  arranticnient  could  hi;  made  l>y  which  the  amount  of 
siilisistenee  stores  and  general  su])plies  furnisli(>(l  to  the  widows  and 
dei)eiidents  by  the  c(Mii])any  each  yearcojihl  b(^  nia<lea  matter  «d' record 
before  the  DepaitiiuMit,  and  exitressed  a  willingness  to  cooperate  iu 
any  i)os8ible  way  in  biinging  about  what  seemed  a  desirable  condition 
of  atfairs.  I  jjoiuted  out  to  thesiipeiintendent  that  there  were  only  two 
Avays  by  which  tlu;  (loveruuu-nt  could  be  infoniied  as  to  tlu;  carrying 
out  of  this  poition  of  the  lease.  First,  by  tlie  unsu])i)orte(l  <t  itemtiiit 
of  the  Treasury  ollicer.  who  would  have  to  acquaint  liimseu  with  the 
facts  by  (!(»tU;inual  investigation  and  inquiry,  a  method  distressing  to  a 
selfrespectiug  man  and  oiu'  which  would  ultiinat<'ly  become  exceed- 
ingly offensive  to  the  company's  agent  and  be  productive  of  endless 
friction  and  irritation;  second,  by  the  simple  and  elVci^tive  nu;thod  of 
ail  annual  accounting.  To  this  latter  the  superintendent  strongly 
objected,  leeling  that  the  (iovernment  had  no  rigiit  to  make  siwli  a 
demand,  but  shouhl  trust  to  the  honor  of  tluM-ompany,  and  further  that 
the  company  could  not  be  expected  to  make  a  long  itemized  accountof 
things  furnished  the  natives,  but  that  itshnuldbe  sutlleieiil  to  have,  the 
(iovernment  ollicers  state  that  no  complaints  wer(^  made  by  the  natives, 
f'iiirisili>iii  (>/'  IihIi  liiiHi:  nrrdiififiiu  ills. —  It  is  certainly  uiilbitiiiiate  that 
no  i>ractieai  business  like  method  has  been  put  in  operation  by  which 
it  can  i)e  clearly  shown  at  a  moment's  notice  and  beyond  (piestioii  that 
this  class  of  dependents  is  cared  for.  It  may  lie  tliat  the  company  is 
doing  all  iu  this  direction  that  can  reasonably  be  exi>ectcd  ol  it,  but  iu 
the  absence  of  such  ii  method  as  that  indicated  it  i-;  not  plain  that  such 
is  the  case.  This  is  not  intendetl  as  criticism,  but  is  here  i»reseiitcd  (1) 
as  an  evidenc**  of  the  unwisdom  of  iu)t  having  a  careful  di^liiiition  of 
the-dnties  of  each  party  to  the  lease,  and  (L')  in  support  of  views  that  I 
shall  advancti  later  as  tin*  necessity  for  a  change  in  the  goueral  methods 
of  administration. 

SANri'Ai!\    !mi'Biivi;.mi;nt.^. 

fnipronments  shoiilil  he  mtnlf. — The  sanitary  improvement  of  the  vil- 
lages of  St.  Paul  and  St.  (leorge  was  a  subject  of  fre(iuent  (ionferences 
between  the  suoeriiitendent  of  the  comiiany  and  myself.  From  our  own 
o'.iservations  and  from  coii\ersations  with  others  of  haig  residence  on 
'  he  island  it  is  evident  that  while  the  present  sanitary  condition  of  the 
villages  in  no  wise  Jeopardizes  health,  ne\ertheless  certain  iinjirove- 
meiits  can  b«'  profitably  introduced. 

\tifirrs  (ire  chic/'  ohstaclf  to  inipron  mint. —  It  sii(»iild  be  borm>  in  mind, 
however,  that  the  most  important  factor  iu  tlu^  execul  ion  of  sanitary 
improsemeiits  is  the  characteristics  of  the  i»eo|de  most  interested.  The 
native  villageis  liav(^  absolutely  no  conception  of  any  danger  which 
mjiy  attend  unsanitary  conditions;  it  is  therefore  extremely  dilliciilt  to 


Cmin  GHOWiNG  RELATION  OF  LAKE  ANP  WEI 


"T'l    ••■■'■■■    '''-"'ii' 111!  ^"i"   i'—"'-     ,-|''- -  t'fi  •     ■ciii'i'    II  iTifcjAiMiMr"'""  I -li"        rV'"'    '••"     ^    i'"tfc   ii'" '" '"li  Mr""  I 


RELATION  OF  LAKE  AND  WELL  70  ST  GEORGE  VILLAGE 


S  Ex  V-C?  /     62  a 


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ALASKA    IN'HUSTRIKS. 


320 


matprially  contribute  to  tlie  cloaiiliiicss  iiiul  licaltli  of  tlic  villafrcrs,  i'ov 
at  jtrcsiMit  tlic.  washiiif;  is  carried  to  tliis  i.ikc.  slimc  and  llicrt',  upon 
thoir  kn«'t's  on  the  damp  sodden  tnrt'.  the  washinjj  is  done  liy  tin-  women. 
The  wasiiing  of  SI.  I'anl  is  performed  at  a  little  hilve  lyinjj;  below  tlie 
village,  but  at  only  a  sliort  distance  from  it. 

li'rcoiinni'HildtioiiK. — MajJH  are  presented  with  this  repoit.  carefully 
drawn  to  a  scale,  from  which  it  will  be  seen  that  if  at  tln^  wells  which 
supply  St.  i*aul  a  windmill  was  erected  and  the  water  pnmjM'd  into  a 
small  reservoir  on  the  hillside  aliove  iind  a  lineof  jiipt^  laid  fioni  this 
snndl  reservoir  to  a  nnu'h  larfjcr  one  in  the  vilhiye  the  water  would  by 
}4:ravity  fill  this  larj^'er  receptacle.  There  would  not  only  tiius  he  u 
(!onstant  supply  of  wholesome  drinkiiif;'  water,  but  it  would  serve  as 
a  storafi'e  i)lace  to  tide  over,  what  seems  an  anomalous  condition,  a  dry 
season  on  tlie  Pribilof  Islands.  It  should  i»e  borne  in  mind  that  tlics<' 
islands  are  voh-anic  and  composed  of  hi^dily  vesicular  rock  thron^di 
which  the  water  quickly  seeps  away,  and  as  dnrin;;  the  season  when 
the  surfiK'C  is  froziMi  the  water  does  not  peiutrate  to  the  re^iions  lielow, 
the  supjdy  already  there  passes  oil',  and  the  (|Ucstion  of  procuring,' a 
sutlicient  amount  of  water  is  at  times  almost  a  serictus  one.  This  same 
method  could  he  employed  with  the  well  at  St.  (leorfie.  while  a  more 
abundant  supj)ly  *'or  washing  i)ur|>oses  could  be  furnished  by  a  jMpe 
from  the  higher  lake  to  a  reservoir  at  the  village. 

Comixoiy  irill  roiipcratt. — The  company  has  expressed  its  willingness 
to  supi»ly  all  the  nniterial  necessary  at  a  reasonable  rate,  whue  Ihey 
will  transj)ort  it  from  San  I'rancisco  to  the  islamls  free  of  cost,  'i'he 
(iovernment  should  not  fail  to  take  u]i  the  active  prose<Mition  of  this 
work  during  the  coming  summer  after  the  killing  season  is  over.  .As 
iron  i»ipe  is  rapidly  destroyed  at  the  islands  by  the  ingiedienis  «»f  the 
water,  the  kind  of  jiipe  to  be  used  is  an  imjiortant  consideration. 

I'lrsistiut  sKj',  rrisiiin  t'sstulial. — The  most  imjxtrtant  feature  of  a 
better  sanitary  condition  is  that  the  resident  agents  from  year  to  year 
shall  be  persistent  ami  diligent  in  their  elVorts  along  (icrtain  well 
<leline(l  lines  of  imi)rovenuMit,  and  it  is  earnestly  urged  that  the  atten- 
ti<ui  of  the  agents  who  may  go  to  the  islan''.s  next  year  be  called  to 
this  matter. 

MAINTKNAXCK   AND   KAIPLOYMKNT   <)1'   NATIVKS. 


E.riiitin(i  condilions  aft'cdini/  Ihr  prohli'  i), — Dining  the  period  of  snndl 
killing  ui)on  the  islainls  the  i)roi)er  raintenaiye  and  employment  of 
the  natives  is  a  somewhat  puzzling  pitbleni.  and  is  complicated  (1  )  hy 
the  fact  that  a  few  of  the  natives  ha^  e  a  snilicient  sum  ol  money  to  tide 
them  over  for  several  years,  while  (i')  the  ix'oplc  generally  have  not 
reached  the  j)oiiit  of  intellectual  advancement  where  they  can  appre- 
ciate the  meaning  of  the  term  indoendence. 

They  willingly  receive  charity,  an  1  it  is  to  be  feared  that  the  elVect  of 
their  maintenance  by  the  (iovernment  will  be  disastrous  to  their  already 
weak  charaeteis.  It  was  dillicnlt  t  )  key  them  up  to  the  point  of  work 
ing  for  what  they  received  at  the  hands  of  the  (iovernment.  AfN'r 
reiH'ated  ellbrts  to  make  clear  to  them  that  the  (iovernment  intended 
that  they  should  jterforni  service  for  every  it«'m  received,  that  it  was  a 
time  of  hardship  and  the  utmost  frugality  must  be  employed,  one  man 
who  had  !i<-,<»<MI  to  his  credit  on  the  books  of  the  company  asked  for  a 
(ioverinnent  order  for  |»i'ovisions,  stating  that  he  had  understood  that 
the  (iovernment  was  giving  away  goods  and  that  he  wanted  his  share. 
Another  came  with  the  reijucst  that  he  be  furnished  with  an  atH^ordiun, 


330 


ALASKA    IXDUSTRIKS. 


wliilc  ii  perft'ct  iiiiiniii  rii,ti«'(l  himoiiu  tlic  women  to  socun*  (•nlcis  (or 
shawls,  rcjiiiidlt'ss  of  wlu-tlu'i'  (licy  ulrciuly  IuhI  tluun  or  not.  Aj;;iin, 
the  lew  natives  w  lio  hine  means,  incMpalile  iis  tliey  are  ul' iippreeiatinji^ 
tlie  siitist'iU'tion  of  indeprndi'iiee,  feel  thnt  in  some  w;iy  tliis  maiiitennnee 
on  tiie  part  of  tiie  (Joveinment  of  their  less  ]»roviiieiit  nei},'lib;»rs  is  a 
wronji'  to  them,  ami  that  their  veiy  thriftiness  has  barred  them  IVom 
eertain  l)enelits  that  theymijiht  lia\e  been  aide  t(»  have  seenred  from 
the  (lovernment  hail  they  been  less  i>rndent.  In  short,  they  seem  to 
consider  that  a  native  dependent  upnn  the  (lovernnient,  even  thonj^h 
work  is  (levis«'(l  in  order  that  he  may  \h'  seH'siiiiportin.n',  is  in  a  more 
enviable  ]»osition  than  is  he  who  has  money  to  his  credit. 

\(Uirt:s  jhiiil  for  all  luhor  iloiir, — A  ('arefnl  record  is  now  kept  npon 
the  island  of  all  woik  done  by  the  natives,  and  tiiey  are  i)aid  for  il  at. 
abont  the  same  rate  of  compensation  they  receive  from  the  company 
for  mannal  labor.  The  amount  so  earned  is  placed  to  their  credit  on 
the  books  of  the  (iovernment.  No  actual  money  is  paid  tiiem,  but.  as 
instructed,  orders  aref;iven  them  ui)on  the  c<impany"s  store,  the  amount 
of  which  is  cliarjied  on  the  other  sich-  of  their  atconnt.  These  orders, 
as  <lirected  by  the  department,  should  accompany  the  accounts  of  the 
comi»any,  while  the  stubs  cd"  the  same  will  be  transmitted  to  the  Depart- 
nu'iil  witli  the  re])oits  of  the  resident  aj;ents. 

So  lonj;-  as  a  native  has  moui'y  to  his  credit,  either  from  i»revious  earn- 
in;:s  trom  theanniml  killinji'  or  the  takin^iof  foxes,  he  is  peiinitte<l  to 
spend  only  so  much  |ter  week,  and  no  orders  are  ;;iven  him  until  his 
own  resonri  es  are  cxliaiistcd. 

S'litiiu  I'll  mis. — 'I  he  items  of  the  money  (8!>.'S.S.">.<!4)  which  the  natives 
of  St.  I'anI  h;;il  to  their  credit  iin  ihc  books  ol'  the  North  .\meiic;in 
<'ommercial  Company  on  August  10.  iSHi',  will  be  found  in  the  census 
report  of  that  islaml  (Kxhibit  (1).  That  on  St.  (ieor^e  will  be  found 
.set  forth  in  detail  in  Hxhiiiit  !•'. 

Ikt'ciiniiiiciiiliiliini. — Wliih  thi'  present  system  of  caring'  for  the  depend- 
ent native  is  entirely  jnstilie<l  liy  the  emergency  which  suddenly  arose, 
and  by  the  (hiliier  fact  that  its  c(mtinuance  is  expected  to  be  of  shiut. 
duration,  nevertheless,  should  it  be  found  that  the  jiresent  conditicui  of 
atfairs  is  to  continue  imietinitely,  an  attempt  should  be  made  to  d(>vise 
a  ))lan  conteni|)latin^  a  re<;ular  ration  of  food  and  clothing;',  for  the, 
objection  can  be  urjied  ti)  the  picsent  nu'thod  that  in  the  hands  of  a 
careless  or  impro])erly  disjHist'd  (iovernment  a};ent  it  could  be  carried 
out  in  a  way  that  would  be  unjust  to  some  and  i)rove  disastrous  to  the 
inoralit.N  of  the  vilhif^er 

Ctiiisldiil  iiiipliii/iiiriit  cssenlliil. — Constant  employnu'ut  is  one  of  the 
most  important  factors  in  maintainin^i'  a  wholesome  condition  of  atfairs 
ujion  the  islands.  It  is  dnrin.:;  tli{>  winter  season  of  idleness  that  quas 
bit'win;:'  and  general  mistoudnct  beconu'  most  lla^nrant.  This  is  the 
consensus  at'  o|>inion  of  all  who  are  familiar  with  lite  on  the  islautls. 

Cliiirdctrr  of  irork  I'lirniHhriL — 'i'heipiestion  of  furnishinj,'  employ nuuit 
to  the  natives  was.  as  reipiired  in  my  instructions,  a  subject  of  confer- 
eiu-e  between  the  superintendent  (d  tlu^  company  and  myself.  It  was 
mutually  a;;reed  that  the  nnist  elVective  nu'thod  of  muirdiu},'  the  rook- 
eries was  from  watehhouses  upon  lln^  slioics;  that  the  nativ<^s,  with 
proper  supervision  ami  discipline,  could  l:e  advanta^recnisly  employed 
for  tins  ]turpose.  and  that  the  constitu'tioi;  of  a  bettei'  water  supply, 
roads  to  rookeries,  and  the  i;i'neral  im|)rovement  of  the  villa};e  would 
<:ive  the  necessary  employ nuMit  to  the  natives  when  not  engaged  in 
their  regular  work  of  seal  killing. 


ALASKA    INDURTKIKS. 


ayi 


CompniNtilion  to  wiitchunn. —  l'r«'\  ioiisly  iill  Wiitclmu'ii  were  siipplicd 
Willi  provisiidiM  l)y  tlic  (■(iinjiiiiiy  ^nitiiitoiisly,  Imt  iis  llicir  scciiicd  lo 
lie  IK)  j;<)<h1  M'iisdii  wliy  tiic  (li)\('riiiii»'iil  should  iiol  assimic  nil  li;d)ilily 
for  llie  iirott'clidii  of  its  proiKTly,  this  was  «'haii;;cd  and  watcliiiicii  now 
receive  a  lejiidar  per  diem  coiiipeiisatioii.  The  aiiiouiit  earned  is  ]ilae(  d 
to  their  ereilit  on  the  hooks  of  the  ( lo\  ernineiit.  and  they  are  at  lilierty 
to  purchase  on  ordei  s  wliatever  supplies  they  may  select  while  emjiloyefl 
ui)on  ^uard  duty.  'I'he  detail  of  men  I'm'  this  service  is  made  in  regular 
rotation,  and  none  are  exempted  e\c«'pl  l»y  reason  of  a^e  or  inlirndtv. 

Tl.'ANSI.A  riO.N    i)\'    IIIK    UrssiAN    lilTlAL. 

It  was  not  found  p<»ssiltle  to  sKciire  on  the  island  a  copy  of  the  Ifiis- 
sian  ritual,  and  this  duty  was  therelbit^  deferred  until  1  should  arri\(^ 
at  San  l''rancisco,  l)ut  liy  the  exigencies  of  the  summer,  as  previously 
noted,  it  became  necessary  to  retuin  by  way  of  Victoria.  An  elfort, 
liowever,  has  been  made  tlii'iu;;h  Ajient  W.  JI.  W'illiaina,  who  was  in 
San  I'ranciseo,  to  procure  a  copy  of  the  churcli  service  for  translation. 

KKTUBN   Of    (III  ifcil   FINDS   T(J   NA'l  IVKS. 

AmtiuHl  iif  the  J'li lids. —  In  accordance  with  the  instruetions  of  May  L', 
the  funds  ])laccd  in  the  haiulsofthe  North  American  Commercial  Com- 
l)any  by  the  i)riest  of  the  (ireck  ( 'hurcli  for  transmission  to  t!i  ',  consis- 
tory at  8au  fiancisco  was  counted  in  tiui  ))reseMce  of  the  (lovernment 
otficer  and  the  (tompanv  olficial,  and  the  amount  was  found  to  be 
!i';5,;Ut.l(». 

Mitlunl  of  ili.stnhnlidii. — On  June  L'(»  a  meeting' of  the  juiest  and  tiie 
chief  men  <d'tlie  villaj,^'  was  called,  and  they  were  informed  that:  in  view 
of  the  needy  (•(unlition  of  the  natives  tlie  Depailmcnt  deemed  it  wiser 
that  these  funds  should  be  redisi  ributed  to  tliem.  'I'he  natives  agreed 
tlmt  as  the  tunds  were  to  be  distributed  all  those  ]ireseiit  in  the  villa;,'e 
KluMdd  be,  partakers  in  the  IxMU'lits  of  il.  The  immey  was  accordin;;ly 
divided  annuifj  the  ]ieople  as  follows:  .'i<'_'(i(».to  Ifev.  I'aul  ShaisnikolV, 
and  !?l(l.ll-'  to  ea<'li  of  the  I!t.">  natives  of  the  village,  the  odd  70  cents 
bein;^' divi(U'd  amon^i'  7  oiphans,  jiiviiiy'  them  •'^Iti.l.'L'  instead  of  .'i'llJ.lli 
each,  and  the  J)epartnient  was  inlbrmed  ot'  thi>  fact  on  .Inly  -. 

CONSISTOUY'S    ATTKMl'l     TO   UKCOVKIi    lIlK    I  I  NDS. 

Sftilcmoit  of  tlw  cdHC. — Since  my  return  I  have  ascertained  that  an 
attempt  is  beiu^'  made  on  tli«'  pari  of  the  cmisisioiy  at  San  I'^ram-isco 
to  secure  the  icturii  of  this  iiioiH-y.  ('oiicernin^'  this  point  and  the  ;;en- 
eral  ipiestion  of  the  relation  ot  the  (!reek  (Jhurch  to  and  its  inliuen<-e 
exerted  there  uj»on  the  mitives  of  the  island.  I  beji'  leave  to  make  the 
tbilowinj,'  statement  : 

While  it  must  be  adniittt'd  that  the  fund  ilisliibuled  anionj;'  the 
natives  (d'  St.  I'aul  Island  was  money  v.liich  they  had  jireviously  vol- 
nntarily  contributed  to  the  church,  and  that  it  may  be  that  the  action 
of  the  Department  api»eais  aibitiary  and  unwarranted  by  reason  of 
existin;;-  treaty  relations,  nevertheless  it  was  morally  rij;ht.  and  it 
should  be  remembeicd  that  it  was  dtme  s(dely  in  the  interest  of  the 
natives.  Not  one  (bdlar  of  this  fund  was  diverted  but  was  distriliuted 
to  and  accepted  by  the  imtives;  every  penny  of  it  was  employed  in 
their  behalf,  as  is  shown  by  the  otlieial  records  of  the  island,  luid  the 


3.'}2 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


OoverniiK'nt  oxorcisod  only  tlie  same  supervision  that  it  would  over 
any  of  (»nr  <lt'p»Mi(h'nt  Indian  tiilios  slionid  u  similar  emergency  arise. 
It  was  simply  an  attempt  on  tiie  part  of  tiie  Department  to  stand 
between  tlie  ifjnorant,  credulons  natives  and  what  was  believed  tv  be 
an  nnjnsliliable  action  on  the  part  of  their  chiireh  ollieials. 

I'l.rdft  .status  of  the  fund  unhiwini. — It  slionld  be  farther  remembered, 
in  eoiisiderin};  tlie  (piestion  of  its  restoration,  that  the  exact  status  of 
this  money  is  not  known.  It  is  sni)p(»sed  that  it  is  to  }j"  the  way  of 
S(»me  JJtUJjOtM)  or  f?lS,0()()  that  have  been  loaned  by  this  ehureh  eonyre- 
{•ation  to  the  consistory  at  San  Kiaiu'isco.  and  ui)on  whicii  the  latter 
promised  to  pay  interest,  but  iH)t  a  dollar  of  which  has  yet  been 
received  by  the  imtives,  while  (or  the  j)rincipal  of  the  loan  not  even  an 
accountiii};  has  been  made.  It  Ibrmed  jiart  of  a  scandal  afl'ectin;;  the 
fornu'r  bislioi),  Vladimir,  who  was  removed  under  circumstances  which 
left  doubt  in  the  minds  of  the  public  as  to  his  honesty  and  f^cneral 
uprij^litness  of  (rharacter.  The  uncertiiinty  as  to  the  fate  of  tiiis  loan 
was  a  subject  of  comment  by  the  natives  ui>on  the  islamls.  and  did  they 
possess  the  reijuisite  knowledy:e  of  American  atfairs,  they  would  insti- 
tute suit  for  such  an  account!  U}-'.  No  other  native  jjcojde  in  that  r(^;>ion 
are  so  sedulously  looked  alter  as  these  IMibilof  'slanders  in  tlu^  unxtter 
of  contributions  to  the  church,  but  ]»roper  iittention  is  not  i>aid  by  tiie 
consistory  of  San  Francisco  to  tlieir  material  or  real  nMual  welfare; 
and  now  that  they  have  become  <lepen<lents  on  the  (iovernnient,  by 
reason  of  the  dei)leted  (condition  ot  the  rookeries,  it  would  seem  to  be 
th«(  duty  of  the  (iovernnient  to  devise  some  means  to  jjnjtect  them 
against  the  organization  which,  claiming  spiritual  control  over  them, 
exercises  that  c(»ntrol  to  enrich  itself. 

The  consistory  knows  that  this  money  was  devoted  to  the  welfare  of 
the  needy  natives,  and  tl  <•  fact  that  it  still  denninds  it  for  its  own  uses 
is  clearest  evidence  that  • ,  is  inditferent  to  the  interests  of  the  natives 
or  to  their  «-ondition.  Xo  ]»retense  is  nnide  by  the  (ionsistory  that  the 
natives  have  been  dejjrived  of  any  benefits,  but  the  soreness  arises 
I'rom  the  fact  that  it  is  the  loser.  If  the  consistory  displays  such 
activity  in  securing  what  it  «;laims  as  its  own,  it  would  seem  to  be 
almost  a  duty  on  the  part'of  the  GoverniiienI  to  ussui«'  itself  that  the 
future  of  the  money  jireviously  referred  to  as  belonging  to  its  wards, 
the  ignorant,  timid  natives  of  those  two  little  isolated  islands,  is  not 
jeopardized, esjtecially  wIumi  the  church  ollicial  to  whom  it  was  intrusted 
has  ai)parently  been  found  derelict  by  his  suju'riors. 

hiiUfferiuci'  of  cDUnlsUirii  to  natiris  iirrtls. — The  bishop  who  is  now  so 
solicitous  concerning  the  recovery  of  this  money  iov  the  chui»;h  failed 
utterly  in  all  matters  of  courtesy  when  calling  at  the  island  last  sum- 
mer. His  coming  was  welcomed  by  the  (jovernment  ollieials,  they 
believing  that  it  would  furnish  tliein  an  op[)ortniiity  tor  conference 
looking  to  the  welfare  of  the  natives,  but  he  made  noelVort  toae(puiint 
himself  from  reliable  sources  with  the  condition  of  the  natives,  nor 
manifested  the  slightest  <'oncein  as  to  their  progress  or  material  wel- 
fare, while  he  did  not  even  call  at  the  village  of  St.  George,  from  w  liieh 
no  contribution  could  be  expected. 

That  the  natives  do  not  leel  es])ecially  iiggrieved  by  the  return  of  the 
money  is  indicated  by  the  fact  that  they  to  an  individual  accepted  it, 
realizing  as  they  did  their  needy  condition. 

Gorrnimciit'x  action  )io  inter/rroicc  iritli  rcliijiouH  Wtcrtfi. — This  action 
of  tlicdovernment  "an  not  justly  be  construed  as  interference  with  the 
religious  liberty  of  the  peojde,  but  must  b«'  looked  at  in  the  light  of  an 
attempt  merely  to  protect  its  wards. 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


333 


TUB   «RKKK   (!IIUKCH   ON  THE   ISLANDS. 

The  church  rfiiidations  promote  immorality. — The  nilos  oC  the  (ireek 
Clmn-li  ix'iinit  niiuriiific  only  wlieii  the  coiiti'actiiijj  piirtics  are  bcyoiul 
the  tbiirth  dcfjree  of  eoiisiiiiguiiiity.  Foster  and  cliiiicli  rehitionships 
are  also  deemed  a  bar  to  inatriinony.  No  woman  can  marry  more  tlian 
tlireo  times,  witli  theresuUtliat  serious  injury  is  inti  ieted  on  tlie  morality 
or  the  youtli  of  the  viMajjc  l»y  these  widows. 

Xotouly  dosucii  rules  exist,  but  tlie  quest  ion  of  relationship  is  decided 
often  by  tiie  memory  of  a  e.hurch  elder,  and  in  ease  of  any  uncerlainty 
marriage  is  withiield.  Further  than  this,  the  interpretation  of  thi^ 
•  hurcli  rules  rests  with  a  piiest  whose  mental  status  is  indicated  by  thi' 
fact  tiiat  when  called  \i\)nu  last  summer  to  marry  a  cou]de  lie  declined, 
in  an  otllcial  c(»mmunication,  to  do  so  l)ecans(^  the  <'ontractin^'  parties 
each  had  cousins  (not  related  b^' blood  to  each  other)  who  had  married. 
'J'he  result  of  this  is  that  the  mitural  alfections  have  their  way,  and 
amonfi  a  people  devoid  of  chastity  seduction  is  not  looked  ujion  as  a 
erime,  and  illet,'itimaey,  with  all  its  attendant  evils,  is  not  only  frecpient, 
but  bears  no  stignui. 

Their  Hpiritual  adriur  morally  incompetent. — The  spiritn.al  welfani  of 
the  natives  of  St.  I'aul  is  i>re8ided  over  now  by  a  priest  whose  moral 
sense  is  so  dwarfed  by  church  rejiulations  and  his  own  i)ersonal  habits 
that  wluMi  (tailed  upon  to  marry  a  couple  who  weie  livinj;  toj,a'thcr  as 
man  and  wife,  with  oHsi)riujj;  as  a  result,  declined  to  dos(»  on  thetjround 
that  relationship  of  the  fourth  defjree  existed.  When  asked  which  he 
ju'cferred  to  do,  to  follow  the  dictates  of  the  church  or  stand  on  the 
side  of  f^ood  morality  by  removiii";'  the  scandal,  he  chose  the  former. 

The  residt. — These  are  not  abnormal  eases,  but  of  fre<pient  occurrence, 
and  Just  how  \{n\\*  the  (iovernment  is  jnstilied  in  permittinfi-  this  state 
of  affairs  to  continue  is  »  serious  (|uestion.  Its  effect  upon  such  an 
isolated  i»cople,  who  IVom  earliest  abori^jinal  tinu's  have  been  notori- 
ously licentious,  is  mosr  disastrous.  Its  result  is  shown  in  tlu^  instance 
of  a  coui)l(!  wh(»  were  found  liviiifi  in  a  state  of  fornication  and  wei« 
••ailed  u|)on  to  nnirry.  They  fraidvly  stated  they  preferred  the  present 
arranjrement.  In  the  face  of  the  inditference  of  the  church  and  such  a 
total  lack  of  moral  consciousness  on  the  i)art  of  nniny  of  tiie  natives, 
the  (Iovernment  otiicials  find  themselves  |)owerle8s. 

The  <'ondition  of  afliirs  existing  on  the  I'ribilof  Islands  today  in 
respect  to  immorality  is  a  disj^race  to  the  (iovernment  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  church  otiicials  on  the  island  stand  sciuarely  in  the  way 
of  repeated  attempts  on  tlu!  part  of  (jovernment  officials  duriu};'  the 
last  three  years  to  remedy  the  evils. 

For  over  twenty  years  the  (Iovernment  has  maintained  an  EnKlif^h 
school  upon  the  islands,  and  yet  not  ten  natives  on  both  of  them  can 
nnike  themselves  even  fairly  well  understood  in  Fiifflish,  nor  has  any 
appreciable  advance  been  made  in  the  direction  of  American  citizen- 
shij).  While  outwardly  the  natives  appear  civilized,  they  are  still  s(» 
densely  ijjnorant  that,  despite  their  association  with  Americans  for 
twenty-five  years,  and  the  continuous  i)resence  of  a  i)hysic'an  on  the 
islands  durinjj:  that  time,  they  still  often  refuse  medicine,  continue  to 
"tie  up"  a  p.iin  by  a  constrictinfj:  cord,  and  permit  no  accouchment 
without  the  presence  of  the  village  midwife — a  totally  blind  old  woman. 

Surely  the  will  of  the  (Iovernment  should  be  freely  exerted  for  the 
pood  of  these  people,  and  an  inii)erative  demand  for  an  improvement 
in  morals  can  not  justly  be  construed  as  an  interference  with  religious 
liberty. 


1)34 


ALASKA    INDISTRIKS. 


h'lciniiiiiiniliifioiix. —  It  \v((iil(l  seem  to  Itc  u  iaxoriililc  oppiirtiiiiilv  (o 
ilMlinitc  to  till'  proper  IJuHsiiiii  oMiciiils  tliat  flu*  exist iiii;  state  ot  atVairs 
is  nlVeiisixc  to  our  ( iovenmu'iit;   tliat  tliere  must   l)e  a  ratlica  I  iinpiove 
iiieiit,  aiitl  Dial,  sd  I'ar  as  the  cliiircli  can,  it  will   Ite  expertetl   to  assist 
ill  lii'iiiviii^'  it  aiioiit. 

If  possilile,  sou.:'  ai'i'aii;;:eiiient  lixilvin;^'  to  an  iiii|)roveiiieiit  slioiild  lii^ 
lliatle,  wliieli  slioiilil  take  into  aecoiiiil  the  t'oll(i\viii.<>  points: 

( I  )  There  sliniild  l>e  no  more  removal  nj'  money  tVom  the  inlands  save 
with  the  (•on--cnt  of  the  I'nilei!  States  ( iovcrnmcnt.  ami  t  hronjj;ii  the 
revenue  (lepailmenl. 

(L'l  'I'heie  slionUI  l)e  a  (listinef  iimlerstaiaiiii;:'  that  lilood  lelalioiiship 
as  a  liar  to  matrimony  slKmld  not  eMeiid  Iteyond  the  lirst  or  second 
•lepiee. 

(•\)   l''oster  and  eliiin-h  relatioiisliips  should  not   lie  eonsideii'd  an  im 
l»lMliment  to  marria<,fe, 

(I)  That  a  woman  may  marry  as  many  times  as  she  heroines  a  widow, 

(."i)  That  a  eivil  marriage  cereiiKmy.  pert'oiined  \ty  the  residcnl  (iov- 
eriiinent  a;;ent,  he  providi'd  lor. 

(ti)  That  tluM'hiireh  service  Ite  eondiicted  in  l',nj;iish.  or  that  at  least 
one  ser\  lee  each  Sniiday  he  in  liiiylisii. 

iTi  'I'hal  iiereat'ter  only  lln^lish  spcakin;;  priests  he  permitted  upon 
the  islands, 

SCIIOIII.S. 

All  ilhistrdlloii  (if  irliiil  ckii  hr  ilaiii. — 'I'hat  it  is  not  impossihh'  to 
establish  schools  that  w  ill  be  entirely  snccessl'iil  not  onl\  in  teaching' 
these  ]ieople  to  speak,  to  read,  and  to  write  the  I'lnjilish  hmj^uanc  tint 
to  train  them  in  more  upright  and  nsel'iil  methods  of  domestic  lite, 
is  shown  by  the  history  of  the  l,ee  scho<il  at  Inalaska,  presided  over 
by  .Mr.  and  .Mrs.  Tinrk,  .\t  this  school  lia\e  been  ;ialhered  children 
from  all  parts  of  the  Aleiilian  chain  and  some  Iroiii  the  islands  of  St. 
I'anI  and  St.  (Jeoijie,  whose  inti'llectual  advancement  seemed  to  be 
hopeless,  lletbre  two  years  had  jiasst'd  these  children  were  aide  to 
jnaki'  tliemsehcs  well  understood  in  Hnjilish,  wiiile  their  jmprovcment. 
ill  manner  and  character  was  siiiii)ly  astonishing:.  This  I  know  from  jier 
soiial  obser\  atioli.  The  success  of  the  Lee  school  is  due  to  the  personal 
<iipiation  of  the  individuals  presidiiif>- over  it  and  to  t lie  fact  that  lli« 
children  are  removed  Iroiii  tlieir  native  home  intlitences. 

While  it  is  reco<.;ni/ed  tiiat  the  clneatioiMd'  the  natives  should  not 
Ix'  <if  a  <lKiractcr  likely  to  result  merely  in  dis(()ntent  w  ith  I  heir  loi,  still 
much  can  be  done  in  the  wa\  id'  jiiactical  manual  Irainin;;,  in  teaeliin;;' 
cookili;;.  the  proper  care  of  their  houses,  and  the  preservation  of  their 
liealtii  withniil  fear  <d' its  beinj'-  overtaken  by  the  lirstiiained  daii^icr. 

I"^\eryoiie  t'amiliar  willi  the  i'l'lbihif  islands  knows  that  tim  career  ot' 
the  laijilish  s;  Imol  there  has  been  a  total  lailure. 

h'fnimiiii  iiiliili(nis.--'\'\\{'.  scttlemeiil  of  this  \exe(l  S('liool  (piestion 
should  bi'  vigorously  taken  up  by  the  <io\i'rninent.  Ii  is  believed  by 
uie  that  the  characteristics  of  these  ishiiiders,  due  in  considerable, 
measure  to  their  insular  life,  will  be  ad\  antaj;('on>ly  laoditied  if  some 
arrangement  can  be  made  ii,\  which  they  can  secure  the  beiielils  of  such 
a  school  as  that  of  I  na  la  sic  a.  If  the  ;:irls  of  the  islands  can  be  placeil 
there-  between  the  aji'es  ot'  !•  or  1(»  and  lo  or  Hi.  and  the  boys  fidin  I' 
to  l.>,  we  would  very  socm  ha\e  ^jrowiii;;  u|>  a  body  ot'  l'ai;rlis|i  speaking' 
yoniiL;' natives  who.  with  awakened  minds,  increased  skill,  and  a  imue 
wholesome  idea  of  life  and  its  resinmsihilities.  wimld  make  a  far  betier 
and  iiiore  iisetnl  class  than  now  exist  upon  the  islands. 


ALASKA    INDI'STIilMS. 


:\:)5 


H'sui-li  ii  Hcliciiit'  (Mil  iMil  bi'Ciii'i'icd  mil,  I  lien  iiii  rlVnrl  slioiilil  lit>  iiiiiil*'. 
at  oiin^  tiM>sliil)lisli  Hiiiiiliir  sc^liools  on  Hk^  islninls.  |Im>  basis  uI'  wliirli 
sliDiiltl  l)c  tlir  iMilirt-  care  :iiii|  inaiiiti-iiiiiMr  nl'  tin*  cliililii'ii  in  ni'il«T  t  lial 
tlify  may  sfciiir  tli«>  ;;()(iil  (>nrcls  iil  isiilalioii  Iroiii  llicir  iimlcsiiahltt 
lioinc  siirr<)Uiiiliii};s. 

I'OX    KIM.lNii. 


I'rrsnil  nrrnnfirtiunt  ti'ntittire. — Tin'  iJcpartmnif  is  already  liilly 
iiwaic  that  flic  taking  of  l'"\  skins  on  Ilic  jiaitol  tjii'  natives  makes  a 
hnl»lantial  i'onti°il)ntnin  to  tiirir  annnal  incomi  .  and  in  tlic  insli  nrijons 
(il  last  season  permission  was  ^^iven  tliem  to  take  foxes  diiiiny  this 
winter. 

S('\ orni  <'ipnl('r('nc'(>s  were  lield  wit ii  t lie  natives  witli  a  view  to arraii;;- 
iii;:' siicli  a  nioditi('atM)n  of  tiie  |>raetiees  heretofoi'e  obtaining' as  wnuid 
enable  all  the  vdlapTS  to  sceine  an  e<|ual  proportion  ol'  wlial  may  be 
fairly  e(Hisidered  <-ominon  property.  It  was  snj^gesied  to  tliein  tliat  all 
money  obtained  from  tlie  fox  .skins  slion Id  be  |>o(ded  ami  e(|nally  di\  ided 
ninon^i'  Mie  lannlies  after  eaeli  man  who  haii  n  lindly  taken  tiie  foxes 
should  ha\<' dedneled  a  Hnnill  l)(>niis  theretbr.  i'o  fliis  eommiinal  prop- 
ositioif,  however,  they  all  so  promptly  anil  so  stron^^ly  objected  that  the 
old  method  was  adheied  to,  «'\eept  in  one  partienlai'.  .As  liie  natixcs 
are  reeeivin;^'  their  niainlenaiiee  lar;;ely  from  t  lie  ( loveriimenl.  it  was 
insisted  that  ail  money  due  them  by  the  enmpany  tbi'  lakiiiL*  tbx  skins 
Hlioiild  not  be  paid  in  eaKli,  but  should  bu  placed  to  their  credit  on  their 
pass  books,  thus  insurinir  its  more  inndeiit  expenditui'e. 

The  lelalion  of  the  comjiany  to  the  i|iieslioii  of  tbx  skins  is  I'ully  set 
forth  in  the  Ibllowiii;^''  commniiieatioii  to  the  superintendent  ol  ihe 
<ompany : 

.ST.  I'aci.  Isi.Axn,  ./«(/)(»/  //,  ISO:. 

Hi  Ai;  Silt:  I  linvc  to  iiifiuiii  voii  llml  In  a.'inriliuicr  with  llii'  iiistnii'tioim  (rniii 
tlic   I  icp.irlriiriit    iimlcr  djtr  ol'  .\l:iy  -,  l.s;;:.',  llic  ii:ili  ms  of  .st.  Taiil  ami  M.  »ir(ir;;(( 

is  Im  III  Is  .'III'  |ll'l  llllltl'll,   limll'l'  lllroctloll  III'  lllr  (ioVl'l  lllllrll!   OlIji'lTS    III  I  li.'irKr.   to  ImUi! 

lo\  hMiih  (Iiii  jii^  tint  i'omiim;;  wiiitrr.      1  li:ni- iiiloniii'il  t  In'   risiilclit   .'iLCriilt  lliat  llio 
"lovim;  s'MHoii "  will  cxti'iicl  iVoiii  .Novi'iiilicr  I  I  to  .l.iiiii.ir.v  l.'f>. 

My  iiiiilcr^tiiiKliiit;  oT  ilic  .'iii'ani;<'iiiriit  iii:ul«  lictwi'iii  iis  in  our  ('onli'ii'iirc  m:  (1) 
'I  liat  I  lilt  i'oiii|iiiii.v  will,  iipoii  I  III' ri'i|ii('Ht  of  till' ( ■ovi'rninriil  olMri'is  in  i  Inir^r,  loan 
Mich  tr.ii»H  to  tlic  n.'ilivos  as  may  lio  iicc.  ^sary  in  tia|i|iiiij;.  a  iiali\c  lioi  lowinj;  m.-ips 
lii'in;:  ri'i|iiii'i'il  to  pay  lot'  all  In'  ilocs  not  rctinn  in  m^ikiiI  oiiirr;  i .' )  lliat  allNkins 
fakrn  arn  to  lie  turnril  ovor  to  tlui  company  a  Iter  liivinji  liicii  iliily  crcililcii  Imtli  liy 
tilt- (iovcrnini'iit  olliccr  anil  the  local  iijcnt  of  llic  conipanv ,  to  the  nalni'  luin^^in;; 
tli«Mii  ill :  I  :t,  til  at  the  >nni  ot '.fJ  per  >kiii  lor  all  >kin-i  taken  i«  to  he  .'iilvanccil  hy  the 
coinpaliy.  peiiilini;  the  .iction  ol' t  he  I  lipal  tiiienl  ;  .'iiiil  t  I  I  that  all  Minns  ilne  the  ii.il  ivcs 
at  the  en>l  of  I  he  t'oNinu  seaNoii  is  to  he  phii'i'il  to  I  hen  creilit  on  their  pa.ss  hooks,  iiu 
cash  heiiiK  paiil  Iheni  at  any  lime  t'or  the  .skins  l(roiii;ht  in. 
\cry  respect  In  I  ly. 

.1.    SrAM.KV-Hl.'OWN, 

.lilhiii  I'riiiHitrii  Aijinl  in  t'liiinjr  Suil  Intun<ln. 
Mr.  (.Kiiina-:   I\.    Tisiii,!-, 

Sii^)iTiiiteiiiliiil  .\iirlli  .liiDriiitii  <  niiiiiii  rrinl  <  iiiiijuiiiii, 

(ilAUDlMI    TlIK    l.'onKKUMKS. 

'I'lic  iiiethiiil  used. — After  the  experience  oft  wo  seasons,  I  ameonvineed 
that  the  only  t»ll'ective  method  of  },niardino;  ihe  rookeries  I'rom  raids  is 
from  the  shore  and  not  from  the  .sea.  While  but  few  such  assaults  have 
been  made,  in  xcais  o'<,ne  by,  ami  their  elVect  upon  rookery  lile  has  been 
trivial,  eominu'  as  it  does  a(  a  season  when  the  rookeries  are  entirely 
disofoanized,  many  of  the  seals  absent  from  the  islaml.  and  the  weather 
Ko  inclement  as  to  make  laiidiir.:  dilliciilt  and  daiijreroiis.  nevertheless 
it   is  desirable  to  di.seouni"e  such  attacks  bv  suininaiily  dealini"' with 


.'5.Wi 


ALASKA    INfir.STl;Ii;8. 


tli<*  thitnt-H.  Till'  piCNt'iit  iiii-tliod  of  iHoU'rtiii;:  tlir  looki-i  !*■»,  ;iii«|  ||ii« 
|iiii|i«T  itiif.  is  l)\  fstiiiili.sliiii^  wMtclilidUst's  jit  luciilitirs  not  tut  <|om'  I<« 
I  III'  iiiuki-i'irH  UH  to  |)i'i)V«  an  :iiiiii>,vaiii-(^  to  tlii>  si'uIm,  Itiit.  itt'Hf  i-mntith 
tlinrto  to  I'oiiiiiiiiiiil  a  virw  ot  tln'iii  anil  of  tlir  ailjai  cur  ori'Uii. 

Fiiflhir  /iirjiiliiiii  of  the  iintliinl  nrammi  nilt  d. —  liarli  oiif  o)  i\ttnu' 
wati'liliiHiHi-H  slitiiilil  lir  coiMirrlcil  liy  trli-|ilinni'  witli  tii**  <  ioviiiiiiH'ot 
jioiisi-  at,  till-  villa},'!'.  An  inipnitant  lartor  in  liio  piniu-r  >ii|*<'i  viMioiiof 
tliiM  walcliin^'  is  tlii'.  ronsli  iirtion  of  luails  anil  tlic  liirnisliinii;  ol  tunt 
vryanri'M  |»y  nn-ans  of  which  tlii'  resilient  a;;cnt  can  pass  ia|ii<lly  f|-o>« 
watchhonsc  to  watchhonsc  on  a  ilaily  inspection,  or  in  linic  ot  I'liK^r 
^cncy.  It  hIioiiIiI  be,  home  in  mind  liiat  the  distances  to  he  tinVi'U'tl 
are  often  ;,'ieat  and  over  areas  which,  liy  reason  oft  lie  \oliann  t\r.tfiU' 
ter  of  the  island  and  thi)  dense  vc^^ctation,  nialic  walkiri;;  dilliciill,ai«/i|. 
oils,  and  extreinely  slow.  Tiic  iiin.st  distant  moki  ly  on  St.  I'aiil  m 
Northeast  I'oiiit,  lli  miles  away,  and  thcMvatchhonsP  then*  in  i'iihhh-uA 
with  the  vilhiK''  hy  lelephiMie.  This  lelcplioiiic  cotiiniiinicatioii  mIioiiI*! 
Im  extended  to  roli\eiia,  a  rookery  midway  hetwceii  Northeast  l'oJM(. 
and  the  villa;,'!',  and  with  /apadnie.  a  riiokery  (*  iiiih's  to  the  weNtw»r«l/ 
At  I'oliveiia  and  /apadnie  walilihoiises  have  been  ureclcd  liiM  yt^4r, 
and  a  ;:iiai'!l  is  ki'pt  tlii'iu  day  and  iii^iit.  TIiitu  has  alwayn  \n-i'u  itutt 
at  /apailnie,  laif  a  new  oni'  was  erei'tcd  this  ycai'  i>n  a  more  tU'tiunttU'. 
Kit*'. 

On  St.  <ieor;;e,  /apadnie  rookery  is  some  •">  or  *>  miles  li«»m  ||h-  vJl 
iai^i'.  Ili;i!'  a  watch  has  always  been  kept,  and  tliis  year  tiii'  wnW.U' 
lioiiHc  has  Im'cii  improved,  and  tlie  company  havi- liiriicd  ttvut  Ut  lUtt 
I'niti'd  States,  free  of  cost,  ail  t!ie  jtarapiiernalia  in  their  poM^4•^^i<»)(  fitr 
the  ciiiistrnctioii  of  a  tele]ihone  lino  connect  in;;  /apadnfe  with  Hut  vil' 
la(j»'.  <lreat  Mast,  rookery  lies  to  the  eastward  of  tlie  village  ali'Mtt  -J 
niileH.  Ileri'  a  walchhoiise  has  been  bnilt  and  a  ;;<iard  nlntintntti. 
Telephonic  coinmiinication  siionld  connect  this  post  with  tint  vUlHUf, 
Captain  Lavender,  tln^  lesident  anient  at  St.  <ii'or;;e,  has  Im';;iiii  tl«». 
constinctioii  of  a  narrow  road  from  the  villa;;!'  to  (ircal  liaKt  looUtfy, 
Tliei!'  is  lii'twi'eii  the  villa;;!'  and  /apadiiii-  a  narrow  path  t^onHi itn'U'4i 
by  thi^  Alaska  ('iiiiiini-rciai  Cnnipany  and  nsi-d  fur  tlo^  tiAini\HnUitu»u 
oi  skins  on  the,  backs  of  donkeys  from  tlie  killin;;  ;;roiinds  IIkmi'  to  tin; 
vilhif;!'.  This  should  b(M;onvcrte(l  into  a  road  suitable  tor  \ti\iii.lt:tiiiMl 
i',oiiiiiM't!'<l  with  Starry  Arti'cl  rookery. 

Sntirrx  km  inilchtiieiK — The  natives  on  the  islands  make  i'>.ii'\\$ttit 
watchmi'ii,  and  with  a  little  tiainiii;;  and  |)rop!'r  siipi-rvisioii  on  I  he  \niri 
<d"  till-  ri'sidi'iit  ay:tiits,  and  the  ilevelopment  of  a  little  military  h\iir\i, 
tlii-y  would  not  only  be  entirely  satisl'actory,  but  it  woniil  fiiiiii)«))  iUt'Ut 
occupation  and  i>iit!>rtainmeiit.  .\s  stated  before,  the  vital  p<;iiit  mi  i\m 
successful  eiiiplnymi'nt  of  these  natives  as  watchmen  is  the  iini»-irtu' 
tioii  ofioads  ami  the  lnriiisliin;j  of  convi-yances,  by  nii'ans  of  wlii<'||  t,fi» 
resident  a;{i*iits  w  ill  be  eiialdi'd  to  maintain  a  continiiul  siip<^i  vi<>i<«M, 
The  I'lnployiiicnt  of  white  soldiers  has  been  sn;;^'est«'d,  but  J  raiMi'/t 
too  stron;.dy  object  to  piacin;;-  iiiaiines  uiioii  tli<»  islamls. 

This  is  a  matter  which  should  be  viy:orously  taken  up  by  the  Uttvimt- 
nieiitaiiil  carried  to  aHuccessfiil  termination 

The  IN'vised  Statutes  (section  lit.'iO)  places  the  iiroti'ctioii  of  th«  inhiUtXn 
in  the  haiiils  of  tli!>  S(  'itary  of  War.  This  should  be  uiMcjideil  Ut  rirail 
"Secretary  of  Treasn.y." 

RAIDS. 

The  di'tailsof  tw«)  raids  uiioii  the  islaiuls  in  the  fall  of  1W>2  nut  j^Jvi'ii 
in  Major  Williams's  report.     These  raids  were  made  by  lh«  stintmln 


ALASKA    IXUUSTRIKS. 


337 


Chdllniiii   iiiitl   lliinalis,  jiihI  tlicir  lii.Hti»iy  hIiows  Iiow  dilliciilt  it  is  to 
Hiicct'ssiiiliy  sft'iuc  .seals  i»y  tills  Ixiuil  of  tliicvory. 


hkvi:ni  E  <'Ittti:kh. 

I'triotl of  ptttruUhifi, —  I  liiivc  ri«'(|i»'iitiy  cNpifHSfd  iiii  opinion  v«'rliiiily 
as  III  llic  niMl«-siialiiiily  ol  lict'|iin;:  ii-vcniir  vessels  in  tliese  noitlierii 
waters  «liirin;:'  tlie  nionlli  o|'  Novi-nilier.  ami  1  now  earnestly  protest 
aj^ainst  tli«>  iiilli(  lion  of  wiiat  Neenis  to  be  uinieifssar.v  liaitlsliip  ipon 
tin  Sf  ollicers  ot  tiie  ( lostMiinu  nl.  Ity  reason  ol  tli«-  weather  at  tiiis 
^eason  it  is  e\tienn'ly  ijillirnli  lor  tin-  ratters  lo  aeeoinplish  nineli  in 
tiie  matter  of  policin;;  the  s«'a.  'I'lie  t  iiiitiiiinms  ron;;li  water  proliiliits 
tlie  taisin;;  ol  seals  liy  prlayif  hunters,  and,  as  previ(nisly  Htat«'(l,  it  is 
inissiliU-  liy  means  ol  land  parties  lo  ellectively  and  entirely  pioterl  the 
rookvries  troin  raids.  >Sneh  raids  Imve  been  inl'reipient;  tli(M-onditions 
of  <'oast  and  weallni  niaK(>  tiiem  inetVertive,  and  they  have  played  but 
an  iiisi^rnitieant  part  in  the  drstrMctioii  of  the  rookeries. 

Vnhtv  of  till  if  sirriirs. —  I  would  Ih-j;  leave  al.so  t«»  record  here  thu 
liigli  re^^ard  in  wliitdi  I  Indd  the  otlieers  of  the  revenue  service  for  tlie 
unsurpiissi'd  industry  and  zealous  vi;;ilanee  exercis«'d  by  I  hem  diirini; 
the  past  summer.  Not  only  liave  tiiey  perlormed  the  iej;nhir  duties  of 
their  ollice  with  tiie  utmost  lideliiy  and  elVuieiicy,  luit  tlieir  researches 
eoiice'iiiii;^  aipiatie  seal  lite  lia\e  made  a  most  siil)>lai'tial  contribution 
to  natural  history,  and  lia\e  been  of  es|ieci;il  value  to  tlio>e  represent 
ativcHof  tlie  (ioveriinieiit  who  are  ei<;apMl  in  tlie  t  oiisideratioii  oftiio 
intenialiona!  ipiestioiiis  now  pending'.  The  belter  eipiipmeiit  of  this 
Hcrvice  in  tlie  matter  of  vesscds  is  imperatively  demanded,  not  only  ity 
tlie  j^rowinn  interests  of  the  entile  west  coast,  but  by  the  execedin^dy 
lia/aidous  duties  they  are  called  upon  to  perfurm  at  all  aeu.sunH  of  the 
year. 

CKNSl  S   ANU   llKAI.Tll    OV    THE   NATIVES. 

(h^nmix. — There  is  appended  to  this  rejiort  (exlii  ts  (J  and  11)  a  censua 
of  the  nati\('s  of  St.  I'aul  and  St.  (!eort,'e,  from  which  it  will  hv  seen 
that  tliere  has  lieen  a  niark«>d  mortality  amoii;^  tlie  itiliabitant.s  of  tlio 
former,  w  Idle  on  the  latter  the  population  has  remained  stationary. 

The  condition  on  SI.  (ieoijjte  may  bt^  a  lioi»efiil  si^^ii  of  a  neiicral  iiu 
]iroveiiieiit  in  liealtli,  oi'  it  may  lie  merely  temporary. 

Ilviiltli  null  citiisrs  ((ll'irliiiji  //.— Tli(^  pliysical  weakness  of  this  i)eo]du 
is  apparent  to  ever,\(>iie  who  \isils  the  islands.  Scrofulous  and  )uil- 
nioiiaiy  disorders  me  coiniiioii.  and  the  natives'  methods  of  life  |»romote. 
both  these  (dasses  of  diseases.  They  seem  to  be  totally  i^iiiorant  of  the 
simjdest  laws  of  health.  They  are  interior  eo<dis,  and  irrcfjiilarity  as 
to  the  lime  of  tukiiin'  tlieir  meals  is  the  lule.  The  humidity  of  the  «di- 
iiiate  is  aj^aiiist  them.  Physical  exertion  causes  juofuse  jiersjiiration, 
while  llici  teiinteratiiie  is  .so  cold  that  cessation  from  labor  is  accoin- 
jianied  by  cliillin},'.  Against  this  the  natives  do  not  seem  to  guard  by 
]iidper  dressing.  Tea  and  tobacco  are  used  to  excess  by  both  men  and 
women.  t^Mias  brewing  plays  its  pml  in  iniuriiig  health.  Atteiiti(Mi 
lias  already  been  called  to  the  fact  that  tlie  iinmatiiie.  (b'velopingyoung 
girls  are  r«'(|uiied  to  cany  water  tliroiigh  tlie  wet  grass  for  a  distance 
of  half  a  mile.  They  al.so.  with  the  older  women,  go  back  and  forth  to 
tlie  killing  grounds,  regardless  of  weather,  for  the  purpose  of  transiioi  t- 
iiig  to  their  homes,  in  leather  bags  slung  over  their  backs,  the  seal 
meat  and  blubber.  .Again,  their  little  wooden  houses  are  heateii  in 
winter  to  such  a  temperature  that  they  lay  aside  their  outer  clothing 

11.  J>oc.  'J-' -•-' 


3:iH 


ALASKA    IN'DISTUIKS. 


iiiid  llifii  (ilicii  stt'|i  tVdiii  till' licatril  riMiiii  iiiln  tlic  <-liilly  iiir  wiMiDiifc 
lalsiii^  iIk' prcciiuluni  lu  piopt'i  ly  inotci-t  tiit'iiisflv«'s  auiiiiist  ♦lu'coM. 
A  liahit  olsli-cpiiij;' oa  1  lie  lloor  still  iicrsists,  in  llu' lace  oT  all  attempts 
ti>  roricct  it;  and  liioii.uli  the  tciiiiK'ratiin'  is  satisfactory  on  liist  lyiiij; 
down,  the  liic  j;(U'S  out  licloic  iii;fiiiiii.n'  and  the  slt'cpor  is  siihjcctcd  to 
tlic  risks  incidi'iit  to  tlic  lowcit'd  tcinpcratMif  and  tlu'  drafts  whicli 
<'irciilatt'  across  tia^  lloor.  to  sa\  imtliinj::  of  tlii'.  disastiuus  clfccts  of 
iMcall'in^  lliis  lower  strata  of iiMitiiiiiinated  air.  'I'iie  mortality  amonj,' 
tlic  infants  is  very  jireat.  'I'liis  is  due  U>  inlierited  lack  of  vitality,  tlio 
liiaMlity  of  I  lie  mothers  til  inirsc  (hem.  and  i  lie  employment  of  eondeiised 
milk  in  lieu  (d'  imiteniai  <-are. 

I  ntiixliifi'.tin  1)1'  II  in  >l  Iff. — If  is  lulieved  the  iiitroduetiin,  nf  reindeer 
in>oii  these  i.^Iaiid<  \V(  'dd  be  ad\  aiit.i^einis  lo  tlie  iiealth  nftlie  eo.miiu- 
iiity.  in  that  it  would  furnish  them  with  aiioliier  arti(de  .d'  diet,  espe- 
eially  duriiij;'  the  portion  (d'tlie  year  in  whieli  no  seals  were  killed.  \ 
iMimlier  of  reindeer  wer«^  brou<;ht  to  I'lialaska  by  Captain  llealy,  of  the 
I'nited  Slates  reveuuo  steamer  lUiii\  I;  st  year,  and  exjierieiiei'  has 
sliown  that  diiriii;.:'  the  ])ast  tw«dv<'  iiuMiths  tliey  hav  thrived.  Tiie 
eoiiditioiis  on  St.  i'aul  and  St.  <ieorjj;eare  fa\(»rable  to  iheir  ])ropa;ia- 
tioii.  I'Aperienee  will  determine  what  e.feet  their  presence  would  have 
upon  the  seals,     it  is  not  i»elie\ed  that  it  would  be  injurious. 

I.rUTISll    AllKNI'S. 

I  >uriii.i;' the  suiiiiiier  Mr.  .1.  M.  Macomi,  accom])anied  by  hi<  pliotoj:- 
raphcr.  Mr.  Mayiiaid,  was  iiresent  iip.iii  the  island,  and  every  eiiort 
was  made  mi  the  part  td"  tlie  (^oveniineiit  and  company  (dticers  to  assist 
them  in  the  prosecution  of  iheir  work, 

IN    (iEM.HAI,. 


Alipoliilninit  !>/  iifiriils. —  1  bej:'  leave,  to  call  the  attention  of  the 
Department  to  a  defect  in  the  present  method  of  appoiiitinj^'  ajieiits  to 
the:  seal  islands.  Tt  is  of  iniinc  importance  in  carryiii,u;' out  any  (iov- 
einnuMit  jiolicy  in  reiiard  to  these  valuable  jiossessions  that  there  b«i 
as  little  ciiaii.ii(- of  in  \  idiials  from  yeai  io  year  as  is  possil)le.  It  is 
reco.iiiiized  that  the  coiitiimance  of  any  oii.i  individual  is  undesirable, 
but  it  is  iir.m'd  as  an  etfeetive  arranj^ement  that  m  the  apjiropriation 
bills  providinji"  for  the  apixtintinent  of  olticers  a  <dause  be  insertt'd 
reipiiriii^'  that  two  auoiits  shall  be  sele<ded  froie  ea»di  of  the  (h)minaiit 
political  parlies,  eacli  pair  serviii,;;'  alternate  years.  'I'hei'e  would  thus 
be  .secured  continuity  of  administration,  each  olllcer  would  act  as  a. 
olieck  U|;on  llie<ttlier.  and  there  would  be  freedom  from  iiH'omj)eteiicy 
which  mifi'lit  arise  from  Joii}^'  retention  of  otiice.  It  should  be  reniein- 
bered  tliat  these  positions  are  (d'no  small  deuree  of  lesjxmsioility,  and 
calM'or  nuMi  of  lii^h  chr.iacter,  (d'  jiood  iiitelli,u('nc( ,  possessiii};  a  keen 
sense  of  Justice,  and  bodily  oualiOed  to  meet  the  si'vere  jthysical  exer- 
tion frei|MentIy  demanded  l)y  the  jiroper  administration  of  their  otiice. 

('"iiijiiiiii/'fi  .siijirriiif''iiili:iif  concnrn  in.  vvrtnin  nromnicndiitioHx. — .\s 
re<]uested  in  my  instructions,  and  as  i)reviously  indicated,  1  availed 
myself  of  the  iamiliarity  of  the  superintendent  of  the  North  American 
Commercial  Company  with  th(>  (piestioi's  id'  tlm,  sanitary  imi)rovemenfc 
of  the  islands  and  the  fiiriiishinji' (d'  ep'idoyment  to  the  natives,  and  lie 
concurs  in  the  recommendations  made '■•■rein.     (See,  l\\hil)it  i.)    • 

Adoption  of  tiro  or/iliKnn, —  Upon  aiiplication  of  .Mrs.  I'aunest  .\.(Jox, 
tlie  wife  of  the  secretary  of  the  North  American  Coiuiuercial  Comjiany, 


E^ 


Ai-ASKA    INHl'STKII'.S. 


331) 


])tMiiiissi<iii  \vii>;  {jniiittd  In  take  I\m>  oI'  <1m'  <lr|i('iMl»'iit  <ii'|)lijiiis.  \']\Um\ 
Mi'iriilDlt  iiiiil  Catlit'i  ill  Slmtya^iii.  hi  San  I'laiiciscd  |u  liccoiiic  iiifinlicrs 
III  liiT  liMiisflinlil,  wlicic  Ilii'.N  will  Krccisi'  Car  ln'ilcr  caic  aii*l  al  tciitinii 
than  tlu-y  could  j^t-t  at  llic  i  -!   nds. 

lOliiliims  iritli  till'  Snilli  \inrrlctiii  ('ininiKicldl  < '(iiiiihuiji. — .My  per- 
sonal rrlatinns  with  the  ollii-crs  (if  tin'  Nortii  Ann-rican  Coiiimcicial 
(,'oiiiiian\  wcif,  curdia!  and  iilcasaiil,  and  no  i-lVorl  was  spaicd  to  con- 
triliiitf  in  my  personal  (  oiiirort.  livi-ry  coiirlcsy  was  cxlrndcd  to  niti 
in  till-  turtlu'f.uicc  of  my  invt'stipations.  In  oiir  oilicial  relations,  nnil 
tcrs  conccniint;  which  there  was  n<it  iinanimily  of  oiiinion.  were  dis- 
('iisse<l  IVcely  and  pi'ovisional  conclusion^  reached,  siilijert  to  the  linal 
action  ol'  llie  1  )epartment. 

il  is  needless  i'or  me  to  state  Dial  wiial  I  iiia,\  iia\e  iiad  to  say  con- 
ceiiiinu  the  liii.>iiiess  ma iiaueiiient  oC  the  islands  is  not  made  Irom  the, 
stan<l|ioinl  of  an  unfriendly  critic,  itnl  in  a  spiiit  o!'  Iieipinlness.  ami  in 
the  hope,  that  on  I  <d'  if  may  conn'  advanta;;*'  to  all  parties  concerned, 

I'nsriit  (liriih il  nsiiiiiisiliililji. — The  islands  are  sutVerinj;'  at  |)resent 
IVomtlie  diawNacks  incidcnl  to  a  diviiled  resiioiisilnlity.  I  can  not 
lint  deem  it  nnlortniiale  loi' all  parties  conccjiied  thai  the  lease  shonid 
have  liecn  so  drawn  as  to  rcipiirc  tln^  lcsse«'s  to  m.iiiil  lin  a  physician 
and  a  teacher  upon  the  islands,  and  to  provide  lood.  clothing',  and  I'nel 
I'or  the  widows,  orjihans.  ami  indi;;enis.  'I'liese  people  are  wai'ds  ol' 
the  (loverninenl,  and  it  would  sceni  to  ha\  '■  lieen  t  he  duty  of  the  latter 
to  look  alter  iiiese  niatters  iisell'.  1 1  is  believed  lliat  it  wniild  lie  wiser, 
il  it-  can  lie  properl\'  done,  to  so  inodil'y  the  lease  that  the  (io\ crnment 
shall  assMine  all  dii'cct  rcspon  aliilily  and  lia'niiiiy  I'oi'  the  mat'  ri.il  wel 
tare  of  the  people  ol' the  islands,  the  lessees  niakiim'  peiiiniaiy  compen- 
sation I'll'  bcin.u  absolved  Irom  this  oldi.uation. 


slM^tA^•^    <iK  i;i;(iniMKMiA'i'i(iNs. 

The  r<»commendations  einbo(lie<l  in  ihe  r.irc,!.;(iin^  report  areas  follows: 

(1 )  That  Conyi'css  Ui'  iir;;ed  lo  re  piiib  i'loin  the  I'isli  (.loinmission  an 
annual  report  of  the,  conditi<in  of  the  rookeries,  nliliy.inji'  for  that  piiriiose 
Ihe  charts.  )(ho|o^iaphs,  and  other  data  already  collected  by  tl.c  Treas- 
ury 1  )e|iartment. 

(-)  That  icunlalion^  coiiceiiiin;;-  the  inaiia^iemeni  of  the  islamls  be 
formulated,  and  that  i;  clenr  and  full  interpretation  be  made  of  iIm^ 
olili^iai  ioi  s  of  each  paity  lo  tlit;  least'. 

(..)  'I'ha*  a  delinite  deeision  be  nmde  as  to  the  annual  disposit'on  of 
staK<'.\'  iiiid  rejected  skins. 

(4)  That  a  delinite  decision  be  .inched  as  to  the  ai,  ount  of  coal 
to  be  furnished  weekly  by  the  (  ompan;  *i  the  widows,  oi'phaiis.  and 
ii\di;;('nts. 

(')]  That  some  plan  be  devised  by  which  it  shall  be  siiown  what 
amount  (<f  subsistence  stores  and  supplies  are  j^iveii  Ihe  dependent 
natives  by  tln^  com|iany. 

(ti)  That  Ihe  improvenicnl  of  the  waler  suppl\  of  ilie  villa;.;es  of  St. 
I'anl  and  St.  (ieoryi'  be  at  oiu'c  taken  up  in  aceordanci'  with  plans 
snlimilted. 

(7)  Should  it  appear  that  the  present  condition  of  snuill  annual  kill- 
ings oti  the  islainls  is  to  continue  for  any  len^utl,  of  time,  that  a  re,i;'ular 
ration  of  food  and  «l(ithin<i'  be  served  out  to  the  nativi's, 

S)  That  the  ^iiardiu!.;-  of  the  rookeries  by  Ihe  inilives  from  the  land 
be  continued  and  the  present  methods  imiirovcd  upon. 

(i*)  That  einidoymeut  be  {.fiveu  the  natives  by  developing  a  thorouj;h 


54() 


ALASKA    INDU.sTini-.S. 


sysft'iii  (»t  ;;iiiii(l  duty,  by  I  lit'  ('(nistrimtioii  of  loads  and  tt'lyplioiio 
lines,  hy  iiicrcasiii;;  tlii-  wat«!r  supply,  aud  by  tlic  nt'uuial  improvt-iueut 
of  tlic  vil!a;,'(>s. 

(i<t)  That  all  t'lVort  be  iinidi'  to  carry  out  tlio  su;;}jestioiis  made  rolat- 
iii;,^  to  tlie  iiioi'iil  and  spiritual  iiiipiovniii'iit  of  tlu^  natives. 

(II)  I'liat  till-  si'liuol  system  be  ladteally  tliaiijjeil  in  accordaiiee  with 
the  sii>;j;estioiis  made. 

ill')  That  iinprovempiif"  in  the  },'uar<liii»'  of  the  mokeiies  be  made 
throH;;li  the  coiistnietioii  of  watelilioiistfc.  roiwls.  .tad  leieplioiie,  linos, 
iiiid  IImoii;;1i  the  training'  of  the  nxtives. 

( l!)  That  section  lO'iKof  the  l:«-virted  Statiit4»H  i»c  .tmeinh'd,  the  word 
"Treasury"  beiii;;  siibsiilntcd  int  the  word  -  A'ar,"  so  tliiit  th(^  protec- 
tion of  tli<'.  islands  shall  r»st  with  the  .S«3»;reUiry  of  the  Treasury  and 
not  with  the  Secretary  ;»f  War. 

(!i)  That  reindeer  be  iiitrodtw.»<it  it^«  the  ♦<aii<ls,  with  a  vie\s  !". 
ai*iiu^  in  furiiisliiii;^  a  fresh  iiM^;<t  sii|>v4y. 

(l."»)  That  Conj^ri'ss  be  aslw^tl  to  r(<,iiire  that  i  wo  oihcers  from  each 
of  the  doiiiinant  parties  be  selected  to  serve  Alternate  years  upon  the 
islands,  in  mder  that  contiuiiity  of  policy  aiwl  jjeueral  good  mana,';e- 
meiit  may  be  secured. 

( 1(1)  'i'hat,  if  it  can  pro|)erly  be  done.  Ihe  ieiin*'  of  the  North  American 
Conimercial  <'iiiiipany  lie  so  niodilied  is  lo  iraiisler  the  providing;'  of 
sdiool  teacln  IS  and  lesidcnl  jiliysiciaiis,  and  the  iii.  intaiiiin^  ol  the, 
widow.s,  orpliai:.s,  and  indi^^ents,  to  the  (lovernment  tluM-ompany  to 
make  a  |iecuniary  eompeu:iatioii  for  beiiij.j  absolved  )rom  this  obliga 
tiun. 

KEl'ORTS   Ol'   ASSISTANT   A(iKNTS. 

'I'hero  if'  inclosed  herewith,  and  allentioii   is   respectlully  asked  to 
tlie  rccoinmeiidatioiis  eontaiiud  in.  the  reports  of  Assistant  Treasury 
Agents  Miniiiy  and  Lavender. 
Very  respec'.fully, 

.FosKi'ii  Stanli;vHk(»\vn, 
.'id i III/  Tniiniirii  Aijntt  in  ('liatjjv  iStal  I,iliiHd,s, 
Hon.  (JiiARi.i;?    I'osiKU, 

Strrcti,  '7/  ')/  //((■   Trrdsiifji 


lAxt  of  uliihitn. 

Kxioiiii  A.   I.ottor  <if  iiiatriU'tiouH,  n  ic  iiiclosiiro. 

I>.  Aniiiiiil  itiitoiiii'iit  ot'  fur  .-n.-ils  killoil  on  St,  Paul  iMliind. 
('.  Annual  NtatciinMii  uf  /'iir -lalH  kiliiMl  nn  St.  iU-ari^f  Island. 

J».  staicniiMit  1)1' (li vision  of  |ii ceils  of  natives' carnin^iM  on  St.  I'aiil  iHlaiid. 

K.  StatiMneiit  of  division  of  proceeds  of  natives'  eariiiii;;s  on  St.  ;ieoi;;o 

Isl.inil 
F.  Stall  II'  nt  ol  native  funds  to  their  credit  on  tlie  liooks  of  the  North 

Alii  ric  in  Conimoreial  Conipany  on  A  ij;nst    10,  l.siii.',  on  St.  (ieorjro 

I>'.iiid. 
a.  CeisMS  of  St.  I'anI  Jsland.  ineluiliiij;-  also  staleiiienl  itf  native  I'lindH  to 

Ihe  iTodit  of  tlie  natives  on  .St.  I'aiil  iHland  on  tin   liooks  of  the  Nortli 

.\nieriraii  CoiniiiBrrial  ('oin]iau,v  on  J  line  oil,  1><1I-. 
H.  {'ensiis  jf  .St.  <.eoriu;e  island. 
i.   (..otter  of  Hceemlier  J,  from  the  superintendent  of  the  North  .\iiiericiin 

Coininerrial   ( 'iiiii|)iiny   to  aetiu;<    l.uitod  States  Trciiuury  agent   iu 

uhur^u  oeul  islands. 


ALASKA    INItrSTRlES. 


341 


ICxiiir'.ir  A. 

TitKAstio    Iii:i'ai(imi:m,  oiiki:  or  riiK  Skckf.tauy, 

nHxiiuiiiiiiii.  l>.  (..  Miiji  I",  isnj. 

!5fi!;  Yon  arc  (lirnctcd  tn  proi(!iMl  ti)  Snn  I'limiiscn  ami  liiUi-  |i:ihmi;;i)  on  tlir'  striiiii(>r 
SI.  I'anI,  which  h'iivcs  tliiil  rily  lor  I  iiiilMsU:!  (in  the  l.'illh  iiisliint.  liiHtnirt  mtis  Jium' 
h)«'ii  f;iv(  II.  til  titt  i-c\  ciiiic  stciiiiiiT  A'h/i/i  to  iiiiTt  \  on  .il  I  hi'  |ihiii'  mihiiciI  locii;ihh« 
.von  t,c(  MiTiiri'  imtiiin  inloriiiation  lor  th>-  ir-f  of  thr  l>i'|iai  tiiifiil  ol  stiili',  insliiic- 
tiniiH  roiii'iTiiiii;;  wliirli  will  !><;  hiiniliMl  to  \un  liv  Hon.  .lohii  W.  lnHtir. 

It  is  i'\|icct»il  lliat  yon  will  ri'aili  tlii>  rriliilol'  JNlanils  on  or  ln't'ori'  \\\i\  Hilli  |iro\' 
lino,  whi'ii  Spi'cial  Anrnl  \\ .  II.  W'iliianiM  will  jirociMMl  on  llm  MliMincr  l!ii«li  to  liiii- 
IuhUu  anil  I'oit  Tosx  iimciiiI. 

I'lMin  till)  ilt'inrtiirc  of  Major  W'illiiiniH  froii.  tlii'soal  ishiniN,  ymi  will  a.ssnnir  llm 
<liitirM  oC  a;;cnt  in  iharj;!',  hciiii;  Kiii'li'il  li\  the  immI  iiirtions  of  tlui  Uil  ilislani 
inlilri'rtHcil  to  Attciit  Williams,  ro|iy  ol'  uliirli  i.s  iniloM'il.  Mthms.  Ilanifs  ami  Nrltir 
ton  Inivf  liiM'ii  ilirrctril  to  ri-tiirii  h.\  thr  lirst  ronvi-yam'i'.  It  is  nmlciMtooil  that  ;i 
vrKHcl  of  the  North  .\iiiiriraii  (oiiiMU'rcial  (oniiiany  will  Iravr  tin'  i>lamU  lor  San 
Kr.incihi'o  on  orahont  tlio  IHth  |n'oxiino,  anil  wliih- it  in  di  siralilc  that  tlir  (invrrii- 
iiM'iit  vt'ssi'ls  Hliinihl  III'  n.scil  liy  tint  ii^jnits  in  their  trans|ioii;il ion,  i*'  snitaUli 
Hrroniinodations  ari>  not  avuilalilc  on  thr  revriine  steaniiT  UhhIi,  lh< 
nann-il  anil  thosuol'  their  f'ainilies  who  may  he  with  thoin  an 
upon  the  vesMcl  of  thu  North  Ameriean  ( 'oinnieriiial  (,'oMipany. 
iiiuku  the  iieiteHHiiry  airangciuuntb  iu  tliut  event. 

KcNpectlnlly,  yonrH,  <•. 


Kent  lenieii 
iiiithoi  i/i-il  III  letiiin 
Von  are  ilirer'cil  to 


J.   Sl.wi.K^-llKuWN, 

Sjieiiiil  Aijint  TrvuHHrji  Ihparliiieiil,  Wanli'uiijtini,  It.  <'. 


I..    Si'.VI   IJMMi. 

ABmxtiiiit  .'^irri  liirii. 


May  2,  mv2. 

Siji:  As  ftlrenily  ftilvisiMl  by  tplofirnni,  yon  will  proeooil  al  oni-o  to  ihn  seal  islamis 
UH  "  Tiea.snry  u^^tMit  in  ehary;i',"  taUinj;  pas-sa^e  for  Unit  pur)io.'«e  either  on  the  I  ,  ,s. 
rt'vennc  Htoainttr  llinr,  which  lea\  es  I'ort  Tow  nNeml  on  or  aliont  .May  7,  or  I  he  .Mankii 
<'oniin<iri'ial  ( 'ompanv'H  steamer  7i(7'f/i",  which  leaves  San  rraneisni  ahout  the  same 
•late. 

I 'poll  your  arrival  at  the  ialamls  yon  will  assniiie  rhar;;eof  the  interest-^  ami  pjop- 
11  ty  of  the  ( lovernineiit,  anil  as  its  representative  yon  u  il!  see  to  it  that  the  author- 
ity with  whiili  yon  are  iiivesteil  is  respeiteil  in  all  c|naiteis. 

It  is  not  only  ilesiraMe  this  season  that  the  1  lejiarl  iiient  shonhl  have  niion  the 
JHlamlH  at  an  <'arl,\  day  a  re]ireHeiitat  ive  who  Ih  thoron;;hly  laniillai  willi  the  e;,.|,,.,-|| 
<-omlitioii  of  all'ail'H  eoncerniii;;  them,  Init,  as  von  will  see  IVmn  the  eonnnnnieation 
from  lien.  .1.  \V.  I'ogier  that  will  leaeli  yon  with  tlii'<.  von  eaii  lie  of  mateiial  sei\  ice 
iti  I'olleetiii);  infuriuatioii  of  importaiiie  in  the  ,irepaiation  of  the  ai  Idtration  ease 
uow  pending. 

The  State  I >e])arliiient  (lesire>,  ti:  recoivo  this  int'oriiiation  at  an  early  date,  and  in 
order  in  aeeoinpliHh  this  the  Henr  will  he  diieeteil  to  transport  yoii  lie t ween  the  two 
iHhands,  to  enalile  yon  toseenre  the  data,  ami  the  A'iri/i  will  he  instrneted  to  eonvey 
yon  in  the  early  part  of  .Inne  .roni  the  islands  to  I'ort  Towii'^end,  where  yon  will 
lele;^i'a|ih  yonr  arrival,  mail  the  dat.i  eolleited,  and  resnine  yonr  duties  on  the  eoast 
jiendin^;  fni  ther  iiistnielions. 

Oil  orahont  May  20  .\lv  J.  Slanley-liiown  will  leave  Siin  I'r.itieisi-o  on  the  steamer 
.SV.  I'liiil  for  rnalasUa  and  the  rriliilof  islands.  Ipon  yonr  lea\in;;  the  islands  Mr. 
Stanley. Urowii  will  assume  the  duties  ot'  a>;ent  in  ehaiLie.and  he  ;;Miil  d  li\  these 
instriietioiis,  whiih  you  will  leave  with  him,  toeether  with  letteriiress  c./ples  ol  all 
inrormutiuu  pruiured  for  the  use,  of  the  .State  l)e]iarlmeiit. 

ASSl.STANT  AiiKNTS. 

It  in  probable  that  AsRistant  Af^ents  .losepli  .Mnrr.iy  and  A.  \V.  Lavender  will 
iieeoinpaiiy  yon  on  the  Jle-jy,  hnt  if  not  tin  v  will  rejiort  to  win  liotli  for  serviee  and 
icHideiiie  on  the  islamlH  dnriiiK  the  eoiniii^  year.  Von  wJl  make  sneli  iiHsiijiinieiii  of 
them  to  the  respeetive  ishinils  as  in  your  jnilj;ment  seems  i.est.  .Messrs.  liarneH  and 
Nettlcton,  now  ii[ion  the  islands,  will  eoiitinne  to  reiidei  serviee  dm  in^  the  remainder 
of  their  sta\,  but  have  permission  to  return  to  the  States  as  Noon  as  relieved  hy 
Mn-ray  and  Lavender.  While  jiermisHion  is  ;:;ranted  to  avail  themselves  of  the  iii>,t 
eonveyanee.  pieferenee  should  he  ;;iveu,  all  tliin;;s  bein;;  (M|nal,  to  a  lioveriiiiieiit 
veHsel,  and  iiiH.lriii'tioiis  will  iirobalily  be  niven  to  the  IIkhIi  to  brilij;  them  In  I'orl 
Towiisend  ill  ,lniio. 

Al  nu  time  must  the  islaiidHbe  lelt  without  a  resident  ajj^eiit. 


342 


ALASKA    l.NDUSTRIKS. 


MODI'S   \l\rAMiI. 


^■oll  will  tind  inclnsod  n  cojiy  ot'tln'  iiioiIhh  \  ivonili  lictwi'in  flio  T'nifod  Stntos  iiiiil 
•  iii'iil  Itrit.iiii,  wliicli.  \(ni  will  si'n.  f^of^,  into  loiic  M.iy  I,  ISIL',  :iii(l  CdMl  iTiiicH  wliilr 
the  aibitraliou  is  jira(iiii<r,  iinloss  otlicrwisn  inuviiliMl  I'nr  .iftcr  OcIoIm  r  lil,  If^lti!, 

Mii;i;ii;N  AiiKMS. 

Yon  will  iil)<)prvr>  flint  tlio  mncliis  i  Ait.  I\i  iicniiits  tlio  larrlinjj  on  tlic  iibiiulu  of 
liliti.sh  ,ih:iiiIs.  In  iiiiiinliiiiie  v  illi  IIk'  iiitcrriMtiiMiiil  :ii;ii'(iiniil,  ymi  w  ill  |Mriiiifc 
Niii  li  ilnly  lU'iruilitt'd  porsoiis  to  I  a  in  I  I'di-  the  )iiii'|iii.si>  imlicMti'd  in  t  In'  iiiihIiih. 

^iiiii'  alti'iitioii  IS  1  alli'il  1(1  till'  iiiil(irtiiii;ii('  rt'iirrsrnl.ilions  niiidc  Id  l.urd  S;dislniry 
l;i'it  yi'iir  liy  )  lu'  lirilisli  roiiiinisslciiicis.  Tlicir  statfiiu'iits  ('(iiicri  iiinj;  tlio  iillf;;i'd 
violiitiiiii  <  I  I  ho  moil  lis  ill  t  lii>  inaitri'  ot  mm  I  kllliii<<;  u  iti'  liaNiil  iipoii  I  lirir  iiiisiiiliT- 
]irilaIioii  il'  tlio  torn  IS  of  tln'  mod  us  and  ilii'ir  misiiiiilrist:iiiliiii{  oltlnr  I'.ii'ts.  I^spe- 
cial  ftl'oit  ^lioiild  lit"  iiiailc,  tlnii  lore,  to  ]ir.'Siiit  with  fMii'iliii;;  iIcmiiichs  any  tart 
Ilia  I  v  nil  in.iy  di'iin  iicct'ssaiy  oi  p  f)|i(M'  f  o  conimnniiMlii  to  any  liril  isli  ollicial  visit- 
in;;  cil  lii'i  island.  Ml  aliida\  itH  olilaiiicil  liy  sinli  a;;rnls  Irom  llii'  init  i  vcs  nr  otlior 
pi'i'sons  on  till'  i-lands  iniist  In'  taUrii  in  tin'  prrsi'iii'i^  of  a  ( invrinmi'iit  oltic'i',  and 
llui  roici;;ii  ai^i'iit^  iiiii>t  riinCoriii  to  snli  inli's  of  coiidiul  com  ciniui;  tin;  idokclius 
Us  arc  roi[iiiio<l  ot'oiti/ciis  ol'  tho  L'lalud  States. 

si:ai.  i;V()T\. 

It  is  cHHciitial  to  (lie  ("ai'vyiii^j  oiil  of  the  iiiodiis  tli.ii  all  seals  falcon  for  tlicir  Hkifia 
be  Uilird  under  tlie  iK'-ectii'il  of  the  <  ioveiiiiiniil  aj;t'iit.  .No  i|not;i  lias  t  lielit'oie  lieen 
a.sHie;iied  till'  Noi'tli  .Viiiei'ii  an  (  omiiieicial  ('oni]iaii>.  .\s  the  limit  to  In' killeil  for 
all  piirjiose.s  diiiiii;;  the  seasiin  of  ISHL' is  fixed  liy  intei  natioiKil  af^ieemeiit  at  7. ■"•<•<), 
Mill  will  -Ml  adjust  the  Uilliiie;  as  to  pi-ovide  for  a  I'leMli-inral  supply  for  I  ho  natives 
throii^jlioiil  the  H(  aaon.  .\rt  iiinler  the  teiniH  of  the  lease  all  hKIiis  taken  will  nlti- 
iiiattdy  ho  tinned  over  ti  llie.N'orlli  .\iiieriiaii  ( 'omiiipreial  Company,  yon  will  eoiifer 
with  the  a;;eiit  of  the  lessees  as  to  the  kind  <d' skins  desired  and  rei|iiest  his  eoupeia- 
lioii  ill  "eleetiii"  t  lieiii. 

'I'll  ■  iinmlii  r  of  seals  to  he  killed  o-.i  eaeli  island  will  he  in  ahoiit  t  he  proporl  ion  of 
foinitr  yeai'M,  iiiiles>,  in  yoni  io'inmeiit,  there  slnnild  he  iiiailu  soine  moililiratiou 
III   the  ratio. 

KI'.I.IMi    SK.VMIN. 


'Ilii'  Icilliny;  season  will  l>e;;in  as  soon  after  your  arrival  as  in  your  Judf^meiit  tho 
rookeiii  ^1  are  in  proper  eondii  ion  for  drivin-i,  and  the  period  for  I  akin;;  stials  is  left 

'  ntirely  to  yniir  disertdioii.  v\  itli  tl xeeptioii  that  no  tseals  are  to  he  taken  dniiii;; 

the  Mta;;ey  suasoii,  which  einhraees  the  time  hetueeu  .Vii^iisl  lu  and  Septemhm'  Jid. 


nitivisi;  (ii    siiAi.s. 

Ah  the  porpptiintloii  of  seal  life  has  always  heen  and  iif  iiov  the  paramount  eon- 
eerii  ot'  the  lio\  rnimeiil  and  is  also  nf  the  iri-ratOMl  inleri'st  lO  all  |ieisniM  ei  inner  ted 
with  till  ^  .'a I  iiidiislry,  ymi  will  take  espi  eial  care  that  no  methods  ari'  piriiiit  led  ill 
the  dri\  in;;,  k  illiiij;,  •  r  'j,oiierHl  liandiiii!;-  of  I  he  si'.ils  wlii''li  In  ,\  our  opiiunii  would 
diriM'tly  or  remotely  hu  iiijmions  to  llieiii,  or  in  any  way  jeoiiardi/:e,  ecen  in  the 
slit^htest  de;:i'co,  the  inoreiise  of  the  scniI  herd. 

till. I. INC    ot'    I't'l'S. 

It  was  I  lie  rnstom  ill  fortnor  years  to  permit  the  killing  i"  tlio  lull  of  a  eortaiii  iiiini- 
her  .d'  yoiiii!.;'  seals  tor  the  natives'  food  and  elothiiij;.  Ah  the  ^■kiIls  are  not  now  used 
for  the  latter  |iiir]iose,  and  as  the  eareass  fnriiishes  not  iinue  than  ei^^lit  pounds  of 
meal  when  dressed,  the  value  of  tho  I'ooil  supply  thus  eoiitrihiiti'i'  is  not  eoinniensu- 
rite  with  the  de-ii  iniive  elleet  whirh  the  killiiit;  of  iiu)is  has  upon  ;  he  seal  herd, 
N<;  killing;  of  pups  during  the  euniinn'  ,vear  will  theiofoii^  ho  permilti'd, 

fllMI'K.N'SA  I  IIIN'    Ol'    NAll\i;S    I'Ol!     lAKl.Sli    SKINS. 

It  has  liceii  (h'lidod  li\  the  I  )e|iarliiient  that  the  eonipensal  ion  to  he  paid  lo  the 
natives  h\  the  .Ndrtli  .Vmeiiean  ('ommereial  Company  for  driviiif;,  killinn,  saltiii;j;, 
and  eurilig  the  seal  skins  and  loadiii:^  them  on  hoard  the  eompany  s  stiamer  shall, 
lor  the  year  eudiug  April  30,  l«y3,  be  50  cents  for  eiicli  skiu  ivcei^iiled. 


ALASKA    INDl'STHIKS. 


IHVISKlV    (IK    M()\i;v    lifi:    NAIIVI'S    lOl:     lAKISii    SKINS. 


iJ43 


t'oforo  li'ii  villi;  till'  iHlnnils  yon  will  ilivi(li>  tlir  toiiil  carniiinh  ol  I  lie  natives  fortliii 
NciiHoiiV  cMlcli  Miiiiin;;  tliMii.  IK  rill  iliii;;  to  Hiirli  i'l:is>ilii  ^tioii  iis  yon  iii:iy  iliini  l';iir 
mill  jllHt  iit'trl'  rolltrii'iii'i-  V  itii  tllo  i'olii|inMy's  ;i<;i'iit  ;inil  llli'  nil  i  ^r-',  mill  liiilkitll 
)'i'|iort  of  Niirli  iliviKioii  >lio\\  in;;  tlir  .'iiiioiint  ii|i|ioi'l  imii'il  to  rinli  n:itiv<'  {impI  i.  ijii.t- 
iii;;  in  tlio  "I'oniinniiilx  t'nnii  "  iirroinfiuiiiiil  li\  mi  inilorHcnii'iit  iVoiii  tin  .'oin|Kiiiv 
iiLtrntH  mill  I  III'  two  lii'iiil  ('liii'r-<  t  Init  hikIi  sunm  Inivr  lirin  |i:isHril  to  I  lic  i  hiIil  of  I  lie 
lialivi'M  on  tlio  liooks  of  tlio  i'()in|hin.\  . 


I.II.IIM.    Ul     SllAl.S    iiN     II!,.;    Al,i;i    IIA\    l-l.\Mis. 

Von  will  iiHc  wliiiti'vi'r  I'lnli'iivoi  is  )ios,il,|i.,  '.\  ni.il< iii'4  Known  mori"  u'I'Iu'ImIU  tlio 
law  on  t  lie  snliji'il,  to  ]iic  vent  thr  U  illiin;  of  m'mIs  liy  tin-  A  inils  on  tin-  hlioirs  o'-  in 
till'  vicinity  of  till-  Ali'iiti. ill  |sl.iiiil>.  \\  hilr  tlir  l»i;' :rl  inriii  wmilil  lio  ;;lail  to  pcr- 
III  it  t  lirsi'  nat  iv  (•  ■  to  ,  11 1  y  out  tlii'ir  w  isliis,  it  '.*  "•  '  |iossililr  to  ilo  •.o.  :is  (||..  \;\\\  is 
iinpi'iativi'  mill  I  i  III  its  to  tin*  I'liliilof  i;ioii|i  of  islainlii  tin-  |io\\cr  of  ilir  Si  rnlary  to 
aiitlioi'l/'.u  till)  takiii;;  of  srals. 

NAII\  !•>. 

'I'li(>  rail'  anil  wclfaio  of  tlin  nativos  an'  iiiattrrs  wliirli  shiiiilil  rni-ivi'  your  laicfiil 
at  tint  ion.  Wliili-  it  is  not  lii'lirvi'il  llial  tlio  ollircr.s  of  tin;  roiii|)aiiy  ilr-'iii'  otlirr  lliaii 
till-  Inllrst  roiiipliatni'  uitli  tlirir  olili'.;at  ions,  ymi  mi',  ni'MTllii'lo-.  <-\)ni|c(|  to 
inform  yoiiisclf  as  to  wlietlnr  i  lirrr  lias  ln'i'ii,  litlnr  tliiouijli  tlmn  jlii  lissiii--s  or  r,ii«- 
li'SHiM'>H,  any  iii':.;lri't  in  ronrorniiii!.!;,  Iiotli  in  Irttrr  anil  ^jiii  il.  to  tli  •  |iro\  isioiis  of 
fill"  li'.iM-  ri'fi'ii'ini;  to  tlir   iimivus.      It  is  Inif  just  to  all  p.-iil  irs  romiTiii'il  that   yoii 

ari|naint  vinrsi'If  ■  itii  tin'  inircs  rliar^fi'd  at  tli iiii|iany'>  stmi'  ;is  roiii|iari'l  willi 

tlio  )iiir»is  rliarjifil  in  till'  San  I'f.inrisru  inarUi'l  :  also  tin-  <|iialit\  ami  i|ii;intity  of  tlm 
arlicloH  sii|i|ilio(l. 

sAIMiiN    ^lll'l  ^ . 

Tlio  attriitioii  of  till'  coTiipimy  lias  lici'ii  lalli  il  to  tlio  tact  fliat  salt  saliiioii  woro 
fnt'iiislii-il.  wliili'  til)'  lia-o  |irii.  iilrs  lur  iliiril.  Von  will  infoini  yoiiisilf  is  to  wlial 
|iiii|ii)rtion  (if  till' Hait  lisli  siijiiilicd  l.i-l  year  w, is  not  iisi'il.  \' liil  aiiionn  of  ilrird 
Malnion  was  inoviilcil  tor  this  season,  anil  ulial  aro  llif  \\  islics  o|'  tlio  natives,  liiaf 
in;;  in  niiinl  that  tlux  arc  soiiii'iiiiiis  chan'^ialili)  in  llieir  tastes. 

II  i:i . 

In  aililit  inn  til  till'  Nil  Ions  of  i  oal  ftiriiisheil  iinilii  the  lease,  roiilrael  lias  I  icon  iiiailo 
with  t  III'  ('oiii|iany  to  siipply  -"Jn  tons  aililil  ional.  ni.iklii'.:  a  total  ol  :ilMi  tons,  If  HI  tun  4 
of  wliicli  is  for  I  111'  uso  of  St.  ( leorm'  anil  I'liii  tons  for  the  ii  -o  of  SI.  j'aiil.  This  i  oal 
liiilHt  lio  (lislnlinteil  miller  the  iliieit  siipeivision  of  the  ( io\  ciiiMi  nl  iiineer  on  i  .'i-li 
islanil.  l(y  reason  of  this  ^eiieions  provision  on  the  part  of  lliii  (o)\  irnnii'iit  it  or-'.hl 
lloi  to  lie  necessary  fur  the  natives  to  inaUe  additional  inircliases  of  fuel. 

W  IhllW  s    A\I>    INI>ll.i:\  is. 

Your  os]ipcial  attrntion  is  railed  to  tli.ii  ilaitse  ol' the  Icino  wliioli  utatos  that  ili« 
ooinii.iny  "will  also  ]iro\  ide  I  he  incess.irii'.H  of  life  f<>;  the  widows  .n  pliaiis,  and 
ii;;ed  and  in  linn  in  ha  liit  ants  of  said  islands  who  . I  re  una  Ml!  I  o  provide  lor  tlieiiiselves,'' 
mid  yon  are  inl'oriiied  th.it  the  I  leparliiiiiil  nnderstands  that  this  rl.iiise  no  Indes 
widow  s  and  ail  ot  In  r  persons,  reu;ar(lless  of  aj^e,  sex,  or  ooinlitio'i  of  pareiil.iei  .  '\  ho 
me  ph.vsieally  nn.ilde  to  |ir(i\  ide  tor  tlieiiiselves.  I'lio  •  ii«'cev\aries  ol' life  "  ri  t«'ri'c(l 
to  t heroin  i in;! II lie  fuel  as  wo II  as  i  loihiiii4:  and  snlisisteni  e, 

sAMIAin      1MI'!!11\  IMI  \  Is,    KIT. 

I'ndor  that  rlanso  of  tlio  lease  liy  wliirli  the  coiiipans  liinds  itself  to  oxoroino  "  all 
reasonalili!  (Il'orts  to  .seciiro  t he  eonilorl,  lie.ilth  and  prtxiiolo  tho  morals 

and  ii\ili/ation  of  s.iid  inlialiitaiits.  "  the  i  oiiipany  li,'i\e  lieen  asked  in  inslrint  their 
Hiijicrinl  vnilent  n)iou  I  ho  islands  lo  rooporate  with  llie  i  io\  I'lniiienl  au;o,iit  in  deter  in  in  ■ 
iiiLC  the  most  elfi'cti\e  mot  hod  ol'  iiiijirovin'^  the  \  ill.i  ;es  from  a  sanilaiv  ■■ '  iMd|ioiiit, 
liotli  in  tlio  matter  of  furnish  in;;-  a  lii-ller  water  supply  and  in  the  i-enio\  I  Irom  .'hi' 
iiniiiodiato  vieinit.y  <>'  Hn'  vill.i;;os  from  time  to  t  inie  .'ill  exereineiitit  ions  ma  iter,  i  iits 
Hamo,  if  iKWsililo,  to  ho  the  miiIiJi'cI  of  a  .ioiiil  n-porl  lo  the  I lopurtmont  .it  an  oail;, 
(late. 


344 


ALASKA    INM)rsTi;iF,S. 


>rAIXIl.\A\('K.    AND    EMI'I,nVMi:S  r    or    NAIIVMS. 


As  vMX  aro  Mwarc,  ilicrc  is  nii  iiciii  in  ilio  iioiiilin!;  Miiiulry  civil  liill  prnvidin;;  for 
tlin  iiK'iiitriKiiK  "  III  till'  unlives  iliiriiiu  till*  roiiilii^  ,v»:ir.  At  tlie  I'liriii'^t  {nisKililit 
liiiinirllt  ,Vi>ll  uli'  111'  inl'iil'inril  nl'  till'  rni;il  ni'tiiMl  iil'  ('iili;4;ii'ss.  'I'lli'  1  li'|iMliliirMt. 
n  rii'iiii/irs  tlir  Iniui  'iiiH  rlVcrl  \\  liiili  till'  lii'stiiu  mI  III  1  In  <  iiiiiiicy  us  ii  rliai  ily  wniilil 
li.'ivii  II  pull  tlio  iiativr.4,  anil  ilosiri'S  Ilia  I  llii<  iiali\  I's  lie  i'iu|iiiiw'il  as  lui'  a>  imssilili'  in 
ri'liini  liir  tin-  n  mi  icy  received  liy  tlicni.  'I'lie  Noil  1 1  Aiiiei  leaii  ('(inniicicial  ( 'imipaiiv 
liav  e  thciefine  lieen  l'ei|iievteil  tii  iiistnict  tlnir  Mipi  rinlciiileiit  In  Jiiiii  witliyiiii  in 
]ire|iai'iii;;  a  leporl;  lir>t,  as  to  a  iiinie  etVeiiive  iiiellniil  iil  ^inariliMc  llic  islamls, 
iiieliiilili;;  a  ((inipensatioii  to  tlie  iiat  i\  es  lor  watilmian  sei\iie;  anil,  seeiiiiii,  what 
internal  iiiijii  nvenients  nt'  a  simple  iialnie  can  lie  nnileitaUeii  thai  will  Inrnisli 
einpliiyiiiciit.  tn  tlie  natives  anil  prove  ailvaMla;reoiis  to  llie  ailniiniNtrat  ion  ol'  the 
Isliinil,  Shoulil  yon  as  the  accent  in  i  Ii;ii't;c  Ijtnl  it  e\peilieitl  In  pat  in  npeiatioii 
(Iniinu  the  coniiMi;;  year  any  of  llie  sn;;ni)stions  lo  lie  presenteil  in  Ihe  eonlemplateil 
repiiit.yoil  are  aiithoii/eil  to  <lo  so  anil  to  ileeiile  il|i(iii  an  uiniiillit  per  ilien.  to  he 
Jiaiil  lo  the  natives  lor  any  niI'\  ice  lendeleil. 

NA  IIVlls'    >II'IM,IKS. 

In  view  fif  ihc  jiiaiteii  e.itcli  iqion  the  ishinils  there  will  iiiiilnnhtrilly  ho  inaii\  for 
whom  provision  ninst  he  niaile  iliirin^  t  he  year.  In  anticipation  o I'  this  theie  is  sent 
yon  herewith  hy  the  /.((()■  t"o  hoohs  of  lilaiik  onlers  conseciitivelv  iiniiilicreil.  anil 
all  supplies  whii  li  Ihe  (oinpany  in  the  riilnie  Ciiinish  lo  natives  wliosi^  acconnlH  am 
exliansteil  must  he  npiin  such  an  onlcr  ni.iile  out  ,aiii|  sinncil  hy  the  Tvcisniy  at;cnl, 
and  t  his  onler  appended  to  ihe  company's  ;;>  iieral  :iecoiiiit  as  a  siilivoiichei'  and  e\  I- 
dc nee  III'  indelitcdiu  km.  This  will  impose  no  estra  ch  riciil  work  upon  l'  company 's 
ii^reiits  as  their  general  .'ic<  onnt  will  contain  hut  one  item,  that  is,  the  tolai  ..imiint 
le)treseHlcil  hy  the  accompany  in;;  snli\  oncheis.  The  stnli  ol'  the  order  must  he  le- 
tained  hy  the  ,ieent  to  he  ultimately  tiansmii  ted  with  his  report  to  the  i 'e|iartniciit. 

■niANSIAIIllN    III'    ItlsSIA.N    KliCAI.. 

This  llopartment  is  iuroimed  that  there  i-i  in  Ihe  hands  of  the  North  \inrricali 
Commercial  (  ompany  the  sum  of  ^I.TilHl  which  was  eimtrihuted  1>\  I  he  nati  \  es  I  weUn 
years  a!;o  lor  till  pui|iiiM'  of  h.i\iii'.;  their  church  service  translated  into  I'.uKlish. 
Jt  is  the  ]inrpose  of  the  I  lep.'ii  tment  tohaxethis  transhilion  made  and  toihisend 
you  w  ill  procure  and  transmit  to  the  I  •epartinciit  at  your  earliest  coiiv  eiiience  a  copy 
of  the  str\  ice  of  the  ( Jra'co-KiiHsian  (hnn  li. 

liEliISIIMIU  •HON   III'   (111  licit    stllsCllll'TIilN. 

The  Department  is  also  informed  tliaf  there  is  now  deposited  with  the  Nortii  ,\nier- 
ican  Cominereiiil  rompany  on  St.  I'aul  Island  thi^  sum  of +':i.;tL'.''>.  raised  li\  the  vol- 
untary Hnhseri)>tioii  ot' the  nati\es  for  the  hcnciit  of  their  church.  It  is  lielicved 
that  t  ho  interests  ol  the  uatives  will  he  hest  su''serve.l  hy  rcdistrihui  ^n;-  this  money 
to  the  original  donors  or  returninn  it  to  tho  nati\es  in  such  inainier  as  your  ,juil;{- 
inent.  aided  hy  a  couleience  \iith  the  idiicf  mcii  of  the  \  illa;;e.  w  ill  niin>;est.  A  full 
rejioit  concerning;  your  action  should  lie  iiiiidc  to  tho  Department. 

SII1SISTI:N<K    ok    COXKUN.MKNf    OI-l'Iri:i!S. 

You  are  informed  that  arrangements  have  liecu  uiadc  with  tho  Xortli  A.nericati 
Commcrcnl  ('omiiauy  liy  uliicli  (lovernnu'tit  oliicers  will  he  tiansporteil  to  or  from 
the  seal  islands  for  M"".  and  that  sulisisloino,  w  asliini;,  etc.,  will  lie  furnished  theiii 
at  Ihe  rate  of  +'.5  per  week  while  on  the  ishiiKls. 

.lAMTOlS, 

Permission  i8  j;iven  to  employ  a  iaiiitor  for  the  floxeriiinout  house  on  (^'leh  island 
at  a  conipeiiKation  of  ^]>0  jier  moiitli. 

SI  itooi.  rr.Aciii'n. 

As  ]\rrs.  Xfittloton.  the  present  srliool  teacher  on  St.  f!eor!;e.  returns  to  the  States 
this  spring,  the  company  have  hccn  iidvised  of  tliat  fact  and  reiiuested  to  furnish  a 
N(  ho  il  teacher  for  the  comiu!;^  year. 

.School  will  ill'  maintained  from  Scjiiemher  1  tii  May  1.  and  he  ojicuod  d.aily,  with 
till!  o.xcoptioii  of  tjatiinlay  ami  Sunday.     It  will  ho  the  particular  duty  of  the  teacher 


ALASKA    INDUSTinKS. 


34: 


t(i  nN.iiMt  till'  rliililrrn  in  .'iri|iiii'iii^  :i  kii()wl(<il);i^  (it'tlio  KiikHhIi  1anf;iiai;i<.     Kiihsjiui  is 

nut.  Ill  lir  tiiil;;lll   ill  I  lir  srliinil-,,  ;iiiil  rlmrili  ol)ir(MH  liiilst  \ir  rest  I'!li  liril  iVrilii  luti  lliT 
in;;  \villi  tin-  I'lliiruilun  ul'  tlir  I'liililirii  in  a  knowlnl^tt  ul'  I'.nKliHli,  unit  tlii-v  nIioiiIiI 
lii^  ailvJHi'il  tlial  tlirv  will  ()iil>  ilo  liann  if  tlitw  atti'ni|it  to  tliwart  llitt   |iiii'|iost)  mimI 
oai'iirst  ili'sirit  of  the  (iuvuriinii'iit  to  Imvc  tin;  ciilldiou  inNtriictiiil  in  tlio  liiii^puiKo  of 
tliuir  coniitry. 

I'OX    KIl.I.INii. 

Tlio  No?tli  American  ('oniiiicrrial  (' tniiiany  nndi'v  tlirir  leaKc  liavc  tlii' nxclnsivc 
privilc^'t'  of  tiai\in;;  in  nimI  >klns  on  llif  I'riliilof  iHlamU.  ami  it  has  lii-cn  tin'  csimtI 
cniB  of  till'  I  iriiarlniriil  that  thr  \>f^i  inti  ii'sts  of  tin-  nativrn  will  litv  Nnl.scrviil  ami 
luni'li  ('(nitcntion  avoiili'il  if  olln  r  trailin;;  is  cxilnilcil.  On  tlit'  otiii'i'  liami,  .von  will 
li'^aid  it  lis  \<Hir  H|pici.il  <liit  v  to  sit  thai  fair  iniccs  aic  paiil  for  all  fur  HkinHili^|iosi'il 
of  hy  till'  natives  to  tin'  <(iiii|ian.\ . 

It  JH  rrro}j;ni/t'(l  t  till  I  tin!  Ill  \  skins,  tliii  taking;  of  which  is  nmlcr  I  lie  cxiIiisImwoii- 

frol  of  this    I  >«|iai  Inicnt o  an  ini|iiirt;ilit  soiiri f  incoinc  lo  the  natiMs  :it    this 

time,  anil  )iiM'niis>ion  is  t  In  icfore  <;i\  en  to  |ii  riiiil  t  lieni  to  kill  Hinh  niimlicr  ol  foxes 
on  St.  rani  ami  M.  (J.'orue  Ishimls  as  will  not  emlaii'^ir  tlnlr  fntnre  increase,  i'liis 
(lan  proliahly  he  lieNt,  Hcriiri.l  liy  re;;iil;itiii;;  the  lime  ilniin;^  which  skins  can  lie 
taken.  Tile  trailing'  on  the  ishimls  in  .■^kiim  liy  any  ■  lllcor  of  lln- (io\  criimeiit  for 
jinrposes  of  ;,'ain  miist  not  he  iicnnittcil. 

AtiKNi'.s   lir.l'iiUT. 

'rinre  shonlil  .•iccoin])aiiy  your  report  a  sclieiliihi  which  should  show  (1)  the  ilay 
anil  hour  of  the  ilrive;  (1'  I  the  rookery  di  i\en  iVoiti :  CI  1  the  diily  killing;,  whether  tor 
food,  or  it'  for  i|MoI:i  the  numlier.  aciepted  or  re|i'iled  ;  1  I  1  the  a|i|>io\ini.iti'  si/e  of 
the  skins ;  (."  I  t  he  a|i|iio\iinale  pciceiitaKu  lejei  t.il  of  thoso  iliiveii  for  killing;  ^ti) 
the  nil  111  her  that  ilied  li\  1  In-  w.iy  ;  1  7  '  the  clnirin-ter  of  the  weather,  and  ( ^  )  a  con 
venieiit  summary  of  lotals.  In  addiiion  to  this  yon  will  emlea\  or  to  prep:ire  similar 
schediiles  from  the  present  records  on  the  iNlands  as  well  as  a  Ncliediile  oniliody in^ 
all  In  for  ma!  ion  (that  the  leciinls  may  show  mieli,  ;is  iiJi.iiu  of  vessel,.  I'.iptain.  owner, 
seals  k illed,  disposition  ol  vessel,  elc.  1  concerning  raids  upon  the  islands,  for  tians- 
niission  to  \\  asiiin;;ton  liy  first  mail,  one  co)i\  to  he  addressed  to  (li'n.  .lolin  \V. 
I'"osler,  State  liepartmcnl.  iinil  om^  copy  to  the  .Seeietary  <il'  tlio  'I'reasiiry.  If  .'ill 
of  this  inforiiiation  h.is  nol  .leen  reconled,  as  inii'li  of  it  should  lie  sent  as  appears 
upon  the  record,  and  if  entirely  lacking  for  any  yiven  war.  that  tact  should  lie  so 
illdicaterl.  This  iiiateiial  will  be  useful  liiith  in  the  |ireparatioii  of  the  arhitratioii 
ease  and  in  the  ]iei  fectinn  of  the  I'reasiiry  tiles. 

^'onwill  also  secure  .'lit  and  all  inroriinitioii  eunceiTiin;;' seal  lifo  which,  in  your 
,jiiilKiiieiil.  can  he  made  ll^>l'flll  in  coimiderinK  the  iiiiernational  i|n(^8lion  now  peiidini;. 

.\  census  of  the  iHlaiids  shniild  accompany  your  report,  and  a  Htatmiieuit  concerning 
tliu;;e!ieral  health  of  tlio  nali\es. 

KXI'I.r.SllN    (11     IMI'Klll'Kl!    IM'.IIWIN.S, 

ruder  the  ;nithnrity  conferred  upon  the  Secretary  o|  iho  Trpnaiiry  Ivy  sootinn  1!),W 
of  the  Wcnised  Statutes,  yon  are  anlhori/eil  and  directed  lo  e\clnile  fnniii  laniliu;;  on 
or  to  i'eino\e  from  the  I'rihilof  Islands  any  person  or  perstins  who.  in  your  [  di- 
luent, come  witliin  tli<<  terms  of  this  statute,  and  yiin  are  tnrther  directed  1  all 
npon  any  In, ted  .Stales  re\entie  ciltcr  or  other  <  io\  eijmient  vessel  to  assi  y.>  in 
e.\ec  itin;;  these,  instriictioiis. 

nl'lll  KI.'S    VlSirtVi;     rilK    IMI.AVDS. 

Shonld  any  otlicer  or  ollicers  of  \  cssel:;  perlorniin^  MTvicp  in  rterini;  .Sea  desire  to 
visit  Ihe  islaiuls,  yon  will  extend  to  them  an\  courtesies  in  your  po\(  er.  The*  ijeii- 
tleiniii  will  reailily  appreciate  the  necessii\  of  the  deiiartniental  restrictiotw  eoii- 
(M'riiini;  such  matters  as  disturiiin^  the  rookeries,  general  trading  with  tho  nativcH, 
yiviiiy  llieni  lii|iior,  xisitiiiLT  their  hoiiHcs  e-cept  in  the  cotr.pany  of  a  rre.asiiry  oth- 
cor,  etc.,  a^'  ell  as  the  reiiniremenl  iliat  seamen  iniisr  he  a.Tonipamil'-d  li\  an  ollicor 
who  hy  reason  of  his  poyition  in  resfwinsihlc  lor  their '.onduct  while '«ii  tho  islands. 


Von  will  endeavor  to  socnre  the  p;i«od  will  and  oonlnienco  of  the  no.tivc  inliahitants 
of  till'  islands,  and  advise  tU  m  whenever  )iracliealile  if  tlieir  ri'_'iii"i  and  duties  as 
American  citi/ens.  and  liy  pcpcr  means  tr\  I"  increaso  their  I'riemKtiip  !';;:•  tlietiov- 
erninont  and  for  the  people  of  the  I'nited  St^te«  and  to  uucouriige  thoni  in  all  wayu 


?,K 


ALASKA    INDUSTRrKS. 


of  n)irii;liin<s^,  moriility,  iiikI  irooil  li\  iii)f ;  lintyou  will  on  no  nrcomit  nook  to  ovort 
miv  iiillin'iicc  wliic  li  is  siiln  cr^ivii  cil'  tlitiii-  |iiirticiil;ir  ii'li;{iciiis  views. 

ill  Ciisr  lit'  any  ililtcn'nrc  or  ciiNjiiitc  iiiiioiii;  llin  iiiiliv  cs  or  licl  wccii  tliciii  iiiiil  tliii 
iiK''ii'n  ot  I  ho  jcssi'cH  ill  roriTciiro  to  iiii\  iii:iltri-  \vli:ilcvi  r  \  oil  will  iiiljiist  it  in  ii  I'liir 
anil  iinii;irtial  inimiii'r.  ;inil  liolli  iia'tii's  iiiust  nliiilr  liy  >  our  ilncisinn.  In  uny  ililliM- 
(MiciH  of  o|ilnioii  lliat  may  ai  is«  ImI  with  yourself  anil  tlio  a;;i'iit-  of  the  lessees  ii|ion 

i|iieHlioMs  peilaininii  to  iji liiiiiiistration  of  the  isianils  your  decision  iiiiist  he  linal 

until  tl latter  I  an  hii  laid  hefore  the  I  )t«iiai  tnienl. 

Iniloseil  lire  eoiiies  of  ihi'  least)  and  lawn  nniler  wiiieh  it  was  niadn.  Von  are  ein- 
poweied  to  inaKe  any  addition  to  the  le).;MlutioiiH  already  in  forei)  that  may  he  nee 
DH.sary  for  the  (;iiiilaiiee  nf  thoollieers  of  tlio  I )e]iartnient.  the  eompany's  aKfiilH.  and 
tlio  iialiM's,  in  the  government  of  the  islands.  Voii  will  use  every  emleavor  and 
take  all  neeessary  iireeaiition  to  seen  re  the  interests  of  the  (iovfirnmenl  anil  of  the 
il'hahitaiits  of  tlie  islands,  at  the  same  time  to  |(in|eit  the  lessees  in  the  enjoyment 
ot  all  the  ri;,'hts  and  privilefjes  granted  to  them  under  the  lease. 

These  instrni  tiiins  ajiply  to  liotli  islands,  uud  a  copy  should  ho  nivoii  the  .i-ienl  in 
ehaiKe  of   ,st.  (ieoi'^e  t'or  his  ^;uidauco. 

IJeBpeetruUy.  yours,  C1IAKI.|-.S  FosTKl!. 

iSVirt/Kr//  ()/   rri'iiiiirii. 
MaJ.  W.    II.   Williams. 

I'liilid  sillily  ireiixiinj  .lijcut. 


XI 


AI.ASKA    INDISTUIES. 


847 


I 


IS 

.il.Kiioin.i.tii  I, 


&3| 

C  w3 


I-  •".  J.        f.  :>       .-.  :i  Ti  :z 


'A  r.  7.     x.  >'.     X.  >'.  >'.  A 


n  /.  <  r-  f.  —  ri  -.  ?nr.  «  « 
rt  ."-t  ; :  I"  rt  -*  -r  *f  -f  *i«  «f  f> 

r  5  ::  t  i  - .  -:  -r  r.  x  ai  ■ :  -• 

^  f\  f  i  f i  ?  1  ^.  ^  ^  ?i  ?  I A  f^ 

u;  •**     "^    ■    ■  '^  ■*•  >  '_    ■  "^ 
/.  X.  A  X.  X.  X.  ?  A  A ::  X  >'. 

jT*  X  A  X  X  X  «   /.'  X  X  10 


il- 


•|1..||P1    lU.l.l  .1.1,1 


O  Jl  in       in 


•c 

•a 


W       2 


--3 

—    O 
.0 


.  l^       .^  f  1  -H  1^ 


'P-ll.MJ'.U    |l'|Oj, 


•A  ■    I 

I  -.uil^iiis 

,,  —         ll.MlI.l.llI!  Il'lii.l. 


■K11M« 

ii[i;iii  ilu  iHi.v  .iS.n:'i 


■  ri  X      —  3  X  ; 


<§ 


a 

•2     4.r  =;:::,  -2,^ 


C-r;X;;|;|;;j 

:::::;::;: 

!    i    !    i    !    1    1    )    1    I 

-  : 

c      r:  I-  -  T I  r.  I--  r.  o  -I-  •*  "  ^ 
-=;        c  .•:  T I  M  —  a  to  kS  r:  t-  3  i?t 


;  O  M  ?t  -*■  X  I  • 


r.  O  rr.  ,-o  -t  X  t  - 


1*.  tc  -r  r.  x  r;  I-  ^  :r  i^  i- 

I  -  T I  T  I  —  »  i.T  —  r  I  -^  ci  i< 

„  „  _  ^  -^  1^  ..,  i-  - 1  —  CO 


(o  r^  >•;  '.o  ".r  r.  X  ^  I  -  >-  o  ir:  c- 
(-  x  ■-;  n  T-i  — '  X  I.-  — «  ri  '.r  ji  ^ 
t.-;  ^  —  ^  ,-  .p  -^  -t .-  ri .-:  .--: 


,tg3 


.  '.J  g  B.5 


00  u 


31S 


ALASKA    INnt'flTKIRS. 


b' 


.lt»).HI|(MIU>M|J, 


5 
f 


I 


3 


I 


^i-. 


M-Z 


I      4 


'•'iin  I' '•".! 


5  tt 

i.S 


luiiiM  i")".r, 


•p,>l.i.>!''>"  l«VM. 


ipinis' 

-    :    ,T      ■|Miil.i.i.ii;ii;ic.,i, 


*--> 


■«iii>ls  .miu.i 


g  spi.lH 


CI  r? 


CI  CO 


Fi  .-^  ^ . 


>>=  r     2 
lis     H 

^3  5 


J 

a 
I 
s 


M 

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«: 

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* 

i  t 

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s 

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7  1 

t 

^^ 

a 

^    V. 

'r_l 

r 

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i  2 

3 

3  5 

5 

L« 

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« 

—  « 

1l 

u  - 

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9 

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b 
3 
»« 

z'^H 

;^ 

£  1  S 

.a 

.  •-"" 

^  4»^ 

•S»5 

n 
^ 

3   "  !! 

Br: 

3 

If^ 

— ' 

^|l;  If? 


1 J  "^ 


?- 


.-.  It 

i  M  "  ii  - 

a  ,.  ■;  ■-  .o 

,5-7  t' 

lit  " 
a  »  t 


•r,      2  iJ  " 

ti  -  a.  u. 

iil 


OS 


rt  —  ■ 


I,  £  s  J   z;  r  i 

o  i  -  iJ     s  a  ;; 

.  j3 1,— I    "- 1,  •: 

s:~t"  -^- 

j:  5  5  w 

r:  t^  X  o 
■-  k  B  d 

lis  I 
4% 


S  a 


■/J 


S   3 

Sua 

:  I  » 

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a  '•  3 

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iil 

^  =:  o 

DO  r  «-* 

a  5,  g 


«  s  a      = 


^  .J 


1 


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B  ^  -r  © 


V  B  ;^ 


2-g  o 

iS£§ 

■in 

'  =-".2 
'I  .2 


c 


(> 


ALASKA    INUIJHTUIEH. 


849 


Ihi.ani>  or  St.  V.\ii., 
lierinii  Sea,  Atrntku,  Svplimlitr  7,  ISUJ. 
TliiH  Im  to  corttfy  that  Tour  thoinmnil  iiinn  IiiiikIi'i'iI  iiml  iiiiictyHix  (  l,!KHi)  I'lii-Hral 
HkiiiN  liiivc  thJN  tiny  limi  Nlii|i|ii'(l  <in   liimril   llin  Nortli  Aiiiki  iran  ('oiiiiiii'itjuI  Cniii- 
imii.VH  HitMiiiei-  lleillKi,  Ciipt.  AiiiliTHnu,  ( ouHinimU  tu  tho  North  Aiiioricuu  Coiiiiiiur- 
ciul  Cuupuuv ,  tiuu  I'tuuciHuu,  Cui. 

(\  H.  ANDKItsuN,  MiiHhr. 
JottK.III    Ml  HUA\, 

Amitliiiit  Iriiimiiii    It/inl. 


Annual  tlulgmrnt  nl'  fur  nrHh  killed  mi  SI.  fleonif  hltiiid,  .llaiikti,  iliirinij  Ihi  period 
lirlinrii  .\iiijii>il  .'una  .\oieiiiliir  .',",  /v.'//. 


I)Ht<> 


1801 

Auk.  - 
13 
17 
'Jil 
'.'7 

h('|>t.  21 

Oct.   'j:i 
Nov.   r> 

27 


Muv.  18 


ItiHiki  r\. 


/ii|ia4tnio,  bv  wfttrhmon.. 

Kant   

....   <lii 

/a|iiiiliiii',  by  wuU'liiiii'U. 
ill) 

.Siirlb 

.1.. 

Stiirrv  Attii'l 

/UpUMIlic,  llV  Wlllcblllrll.  . 

N..rlli 

/a|iiHliii<>.  Iiy  Mali'liini'M. . 
Zuiiiulliiu 


East^  c'liuH  killed  bv  liraUMt. 
Tnlul 


Niiiiibi'r  III'  ni'alx  killi'il  fur  iinlivi'H'  f(NMl. 


I.arux 
yiiiiiiji 

HI'UU, 


4(111 


HkiiiH  aC'   SkiiiH  I'll. 
ToUil.     fi'plfil  liy     ,|<-i  ti'il, 
li'nm'i'a,       nliiui'V. 


101 

ai) 
III) 

J.I 

71 

in 

7I 
Hi 

- 

4UII 


k:i 


1(14 

■a 


aim 


3«2 


■M 


M 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT»3) 


7 


A 


O 


y. 


cj, 


4. 


'<"   Cx 


,.'^" 


^^     Cj 


C/i 


f/x 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


■^  1^  III  2.2 

!t   I4£    1 2.0 


1.4 


-     6" 


1.6 


V] 


<5^ 


7: 


'a 


y    o 


/A 


'W^^i 


7 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  M580 

(716)  872-4503 


) 


4^j 


^0   MJ> 


fA 


^ 


350 


ALASKA    INUl'STUIKS. 


•|I.Ul|-l.l.ll! 

.l>>i[tiiMll    |i:|<i,|, 
^       sIimuikI-i 

^     'M "Ill 

r    ■K|Miiiiiii  ,11 

I  sllllllcjil  II 

J        ■s|illlli]il  ^ 


-■I 


hJ- 


"  1  T I  X  r.  r  I  r.  : 


■h|p||linM  I 

■||-||in 

.l.iillllllll   |l.'|ii| 

•|iinii,i 
-.x;  {(i-Hiiii.i.t 
;A(i;|iJi^l^illiiS 

•p.)|.».»r.t.i  siii>iK 


|i.i|. 1.1.1. ii;tJiipis-       <~'i'i''Z^'"-"'-f     "s -'3     "■&     " 


:i  ■'.      Ti  :j  ri  Ti  •♦  Ti 


^  |ii    .1.14  lit  n  X 


-Auii   ii;    11. till   ' 


.  Tl  71 


IMKIMJ 
-.1.1      .1  -MJ  III  11    V^ 


<.; 


■2. 


•S" 


tc 


■u.iA[.iiiJM|mii  V       " "  ^     ='1  ~.     <£     i-         "•     ~.        '".         - 


M.il;imo.ii:;f 


M.lt'lIII<)III.MII.|, 


u  > 


>iy,^.>i'ji-r.>i''^>ir.     s;  ^  n  '^     s;  ■/.     n  x  si 


o    ■  s 

-♦     ■  CI 
CI    ■  ro 


a  ;a 


B 
«1 


I 


ALASKA    INUUSTUIKS. 


351 


ni  tli<i 
licl 


Isi.AM)  (II    Si.  (;|-.(>i;<,i;, 
ISerinij  Sm,  .ihotl.K^  Stptcinhtr  /",  ISO.'. 
'riiis  is  to  certify  tliiit  L',.".,";)  I'lir-Sfiil  skins  liiivctliis  diiy  liccii  .■.lii)iipc(l  on  Ixiiini  tl 
Noitli  Aiiicriciin  ('()iiiiiicici;il  ('(iiii]iaiiy's  stc.'uiier  /;<■)•//)«,' AiidriHoii  ioiiii]i:iii(lii)y,;iii 
cousigucd  to  the  North  Aiiicricaii  Coiiiiiicrcial  Coui])iiiiy,  f^aii  r'raiirisco,  Cal. 

A.    \V.    La\  I-.NIpKI!, 

Amiitltnil  Trill K II ri)  Aijf.iit. 
U.  JI.  An1)j:hs((N, 

Ciiiilnin. 


Kxiiiiiri    I). 
Dirilion  of  jirnn  fdn  uf  villi rrx'  mniliii/.s  mi  SI.  I'mil  Ishuiil  fur  ijir  kchhuii  iiI'  IS!).'. 


1.  ]5oiir<liilcnfl"sl<v.  A])()lloii  . 

1  IHSI    CI.AS.S. 

L'.   liiiteriii,  Karp 

H.  (ii ol),  Nicoli 

■I.  Kdtrhooteii,  .lacol) 

5.   KotilioDtcii,  .lohii 

(i.   Kriilioli',  M('i)Ii 

7.    Kiishiii.  Afjjj^'ic 

8.   Kozeroli',  St('])aii 

'.).  Maiidreiiaii,  Neon 

10.  Mi']o\  idov,  Antoiic 

11.   .Mclovidov,  Al('x 

i'J.  Ni'dcr.i/.oli',  St(!])aii 

i:>.  XcdciazotV.  .Martin .    ... 

M.  Oiislijioll'.  Tcter 

].->.   I'aiikoir,  I'arliri 

10.   raraiiihiii.  1  lanirl ... 

17.  Shaishnikori',  Kcv.  j'aiil 

IX.  Scdic,  Tlu'odoro 

111.  Sfc|i<'tiii,  Klarv 

■10.    Tcrrakaiioti',  Kcrrick 

2i.  Tetolf,  Peter 

1.  .\i  toiiiaiiotr,  Kerrick 

SKCdMl    CLAiSS. 

L'.  Arkashotl'  Arwcney 

li.   |{o;,'odanoir,  Nicoli 

5.   ['ratis,  .lolm 

(i.  ( ilotof)',  John 

7     rialjilitioni'ti'    Alcv 

8.   Ilansi'n,  .\l(i.\ 

!t.   Kotcliooten,  Kn]iht'ine 

10.  Mclovidov,  Simeon 

11.  I'rokoi)iofl',  \ladiniir 

12.  SliaUolin,  N'econ _ 

i:i.  Scdiilcc,  ^■i!ssily 

14.  Stcjictin,  |)oroi'av 

15.  Tctot!',  XcoM 

1(5.  N'olkoll,  Markcl 

1 .  Ko/nitzotr,  John 

llllliU    ClASS. 

2.   IIal.croir,l'i:nl 

;■!.   Nozikoti,  Simeon 

1.  Merculiir,  Alex 

1.  Sedick.l'hilip 

I'OUliTII    CI.AS.S  (l.OVs). 

2.  Tctofl,  Zachur 

.+0.".. 

(;."). 

(ir.. 
(15. 
»i5. 
(15. 
(i5. 
fi5. 
(15. 
(15. 
(15. 
(15. 
(15. 
(15. 
(15, 
(15. 
(15. 
(15. 
(15. 
(15. 
(15. 


;ii 
;fo 

Ml 

;ii 
;ii 
.'II 
:ii 
in 
:n 
:ii 
111 
;ii 
111 
lii 
:ii 
:fi 
:ii 
;ii 
;n 
:n 
111 


■tl.:i71.50 


52 
.52 
52 
.52 
.52, 
.52, 


2() 
20 
20 
26 
26 
20 
20 
2(i 
2(i 
20 
20 
2(i 
2(i 
20 
20 
20 


15.71 
15.71 
15.  -,  1 
15.71 


15.  (M) 
15.(10 


836. 16 


1.S2.81 


30.00 


352 


ALASKA   INDUSTHILS. 


SI'KCIAI,   CLASS    (CIllKKS). 


1.  FiiHt  cliiof  .  . 

2,  Socoud  chief 


.tUKXOO 


2,;Vi().  .">() 


Rkcai'iti-i.ation— I  )i{. 

I'riino  skins  accepted,  4,()47,  at  50  contH ZKK,  -V)* 

rriiiKi  skina,  cut,  acccptiid,  L'O,  at  25  coiits '».  <i(> 

.Stiifjcy  Hkiiis  rejected,  L'K),  at  50  cents tf*»Jt()i 

t^inall  skills  rcjecti^d,  112,  at  5l)  cents '»,  ftf> 

28  aea-llou  akiuu,  at  $1 i><,W> 


2,  5l;o.  5(1 


Jmuiint  iiaUl  to  iKil'neii — (h. 

21  first-class  men.  at  $05.31 K^fti.  'Ay 

l(i  secoud-class  men,  at  $52.20 KV),  J« 

4  tliird-class  men.  at  $45.71 I^Xxt 

2  fonrtU-clasH,  boys,  at  $15 74h  W> 

2  special  class,  cliicl's,  at  $50 IW>,  W 


2,  520.  50 


We  do  licrcl)y  certify  that  the  ahove  is  correct  and  tliat  th<?  liUftitff  h**  ttr,f:n  placed 
to  the  credit  of  the  natives  on  the  liooks  ol' the  Nortli  Aujei  iraii  i:'4ut«i*'triftl  ('ompany. 

Si<:koyi  Kk(  now, 

Sntire  ikief, 

Hy/).  U.  'tt%f,i.v., 
Supcrintviiihiil  Xorlli  Amirimu  I't/mmetiittl  <  'rmpnnij. 

.l<>si:j'H  %t  t-.HW, 
First  Amialanl  Tnasiiri/  .lijeiit,  ii(  Cliaryt  i//  Ht,  l'a»l  Inland 
August  30, 18'J2. 


Exhibit  K. 

Dii'mon  of  'fH,, 770.50  famed  hi/  the  iintiren  of  SI.  Cinnie  Ishnid.  MtnUi,  fnr  Ifikhifi  .','i'if 
neal  skhi.'i  diiviiuj  the  senxona  of  l.s'Jl  nmt  IH't:. 

:<02  prime  skins  taken  in  lSi)l,  at  .50  cents ,..       $1x1.00 

41  stauey  skins  taken  in  ISid.  at  50  ((Mils , 20.  5i( 

2.125  i)riine  skins  taken  in  18!t2,  at  .50  cint.s , l,f»ti2..".o 

2(i  small  skins  rejected  in  18!)2,  at  25  cents 0.50 

First  class: 

Hev.  Innokentv  F.estenkotl' fr'i<)i,  71 

Denietri  Leste'nk.id' m.'Z\ 

Arkenty  Nederazelf Ut/iS 

Eoir  I'hilimonoir «)»,  21 

Simeon  I'hilimonotl' UJ).-  '£\ 

Corneil  (iorokolf 'M.'Z\ 

Enstin  Swetzolf Ui.'lX 

Alexia  Onstegoir 'M/n 

Second  class: 

Nicnli  Malavanskv 'i*l,%Pi 

Andrean  I'hilinioiiott' ,W,  10 

AndrDnic  I'hilimonoli' Ut.W 

Stepan  Lekauolf UhVl 

Peter  Prokopotf tA*.m 

Peter  Ko/anzolf.. UkMI 

Simeon  Onsfejrott" TAKiO 

.loseph  Mecul i IV 3»,  JO 

Mike  I.estenkoll' »>.40 

Evan  Kiilikoloff '/f,tO 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


353 


Third  claHs: 

Grefjory  Philimonod' .fSf).  58 

Geori.^e  Meciilifl' 35.  58 

Faitir  Galaiiiii X,.  58 

luiiokenty  Rozaiizoli' ;(5.  58 

Special  olaBH: 

Dcuietri  LestenkoH' ',{),  (K) 

Nicoli  Nedcrazo/r L'5.  00 

Innokeiity  I'hiliiiioiioti 25.  00 

Anfaiiisii  ProkojiolV 25.  00 

.John  Merculitr 25.  00 


$1,270.50 

St.  OKORfji;  I.si.AND,  Ai-ASKA,  . I iitjiiat  ;?0,  isnj. 
I  certify  that  tho  iMnchad  Ktatfrnu^nt  of  *1,270..50,  earned  by  the  natives  of  this 
island  for  taking  2,. 55-1  seal  Kkintt  during  the  seiisons  of  1891  and  1892,  was  divided 
anions  them  as  shown,  and  that  the  Hani«^  lias  been  placed  to  their  credit  ou  the 
books  of  the  North  Auiericau  (Joininereial  Company. 

A.  \V.  Lavkn'dkr, 
United  Slaten  TreaKimj  Af/ent,  in  Churye  of  St,  (leorr/c  Inland. 

Ht.  riK.onciK  Isi.Axn,  Alaska,  Si-jjlcmher  11.  1S02. 
I  certify  that  the  atluehed  statftnient  is  i-oirect,  and  that  the  aiiionnt  earned  by 
each  person  has  been  plared  to  his  credit  on  the  books  of  tho  North  American  Com- 


mercial Compan\ 


Gi:o.  H.  TiNOLE, 

Siiperintendint. 


Si.  CtEOKfiK  Island,  Alaska,  Aiipiist  20,  1S93. 
We  are  satislicd  with  tlir;  division  made  to  the  natives  of  tliis  island,  and  we  think 
it  is  a  Just  division  of  their  earninj^s  for  taking  2,.554  seal  skins  during  the  seasons 
of  1891  and  1892. 

iJEMKTItl    LESTINKOKK, 

Fir-^l  Chief. 
El  sTix  (his  \  mark)  .>^\vi;t/.ii  f. 

Second  Chief. 


KXIIIIIIT    I'. 

statement  of  monciin  in  the  handn  of  the  S'orlh  Anieriean  Commercial  Conipani/  to  the  eredit 
of  the  natiien  OH  St.  (Iinrf)e  Inland,  A  tail:  a,  Anrfnst  In,  ISU:. 


Lestenkotf,  Demotri  (chief) ijilW). 

Lestenkoff,  Mike m. 

Swetzott',  Eustin  (second  <diief)         15. 

Gorokoll,  Corueil ,W. 

LekanotV,  Stejiau !). 

Onstegotr,  Alexia If5. 

Prokopott',  Peter 

Prokopotf,  Aufanisa 5. 

Nederazoff,  Arkenty TA), 

Nederazod',  Xicoli  

Philinionotl',  Eotf 4. 

Philinionott',  Andronie , 

Pliilimruoil',  Andrean 

Pliilinionott',  Simeon )f». 

Pliilimonofl',  (irejcory m, 

Philimonofl'.  Iniiokenty 

Oiistegotl',  Simeon 2.'{, 

Malavansky,  Nicoli 

NoTK. — (iovernnient  ordiTH  iiMued 
$56.55. 


H.  Doc.  ui:- 


93 

24 
93 


11 

.54 


84  ! 


28 


MerrilifV,  .loseph 

:!'23 

23 

Mercilill,  .lolin 

- 

•^(i 

Menililf.  (;eor"<i 

'Jaliinin.  Perlei 

9. 

33 

Kiikilalofi',  I'ivim 

(!2 

71 

Iiezanzotr,  Innokent«°  .. 

I.osteiikoll',  Kev.  Iini(ik( 

■iitv.  . 

118 

(10 

Orphans: 

Hezanzoll',  Serefemi 

.     .t2(). 

15 

Merenlilf,  Xesda  ... 

.      117. 

81 

Mercniiir,  Natalia.. 

20 

(15 

ViekolofF,  Evdokia 

.     200. 

19 

Mercnl  ill',  Mark 

.     187 

51 

".>;•> 

(57 

1J3 


2,  025.  48 


to   dentitiitc   i)ersons    np    to  djite   anionnt    to 

A.  \V.  1,A\  i:ni>i;i!. 
I'nited  Staten  Treannri/  Aijent,  in  Clmvije. 


354 


ALASKA    INDUS'!  UIKS. 


Kxiiiiiri  (i. 


Cciiuii'i  III'  >/.  I'liiil  IkIihiiI,  .Ihmkd,  for  lliv  i/iar  ciidinij  Jiiiic  ,!0,  IXOJ,  and  stiitcmeiil  nf 
niitii-r  fiiiiih  III  thiiv  rvalit  on  llir  Imiihii  of  llic  yurtli  American  Commerrial  Conipnuji. 


l-'jtlllii\.    I't'isnn.  , 


1 

1 

n 

:i 

r> 

3 

fi 

H 

u 

10 

4 

11 

V2 

i;i 

u 

fl 

ir> 

j(i 

17 

IK 

19 

r> 

'J(l 

1:1 

i!'J 

24 

10 

11 


I'J 

13 


18 


19  ! 


2U 


29 

III) 

;u 
;ij 
3.1 
34 
3r> 

3l> 

37 

38 

39 

M 
41 
42 
43 
44 

4ri 

4U 
47 
48 
49 
TiO 
Til 

r>2 
r)3 


">7 
'.8 
59 

no 
(11 
nL> 

«3 
(U 

(i.'i 

fiO 
07 
I'i8 
(i9 
70 
71 

73 
74 
75 
70 

77 
78 


NaiiM's. 


M;ilrH.    Fciii 


Arloiiiaiioll'.  Ki'i'iiilt  ' 

Ariniiiiiiiult.  Ali'\ri)tiri!i  (wilti; 

1  Ml  noil,  Dvdiikcii  ini'iiliiMi) 

ArkiiMliiill',  Ar.-i'iiiy 

liouudaiioli;  Niiiili'. 

Jln;;o't:iiM>ir.  Anna  (  wile) 

lliiiinliikDllsky,  AiiiK.llnii 

licmiiliikollsky,  Cliiinia  iwil'f) 

licMiriliikoirHk'v,  I'flcr  (mum) 

liiMiiiliilioH'sky.  rifta  (ilaii;;litcr).. 
l.iiiliislinikiilV,  ICvildkii  (i>r{iliaii|  ... 

I>iiu-i'iii,  Karp 

iiiilrriii.  I'ai-ascovia  (wile) 

!>UU' rill,  (/'nils  I  an  tine  (Hon  I 

Snliik.  Ziicliai'  (oi'iiliiiii) 

lOiiiaiioll,  dfiir;;*' 

I'jiiaiiotl',  ( 'atlit'iimM  \\  ilV) 

Kiiiaiioll',  Mary  iilaii;;liU'i) 

Iv(iHiiit/,olV,  ilutiii  (or  I  ilia  11 1 

KoHIiit/.olV,  .\;;iilia  (oriiliaii) 

Kratis,  .ioliii 

I'' rat  in,  .Viikoolcna  (wilVl 

I'"ratirt.  SiiNaiina  (ilaii^iitcr) 

Fratis,  l-'lieii  (ilaii;^hti'ri 

Kralis,  Juliii  (.son) 

fratis,  .\^;ritina  (ilaiij,'litcr) 

(il'.tull.Jolin 

(;iotoir,  Aviliitia  iwili-i 

(iloloir,  Mary  (iiiotlivi) 

Z.n'liiirnM',  KiiiaiiiU'l 

(iruiiioir,  Nico'i 

( troinotl',  Oiileaiiiia  ( witVi 

Siilii'k,  Kli/.aliitli  loriilian) 

/.acliaioir,  KediLsia  (oriiliaiii 

tialaktiiiiir,  .\lfx 

(iakiktincir,  .Martha  (wilV» 

(liilaktini'lV,  Cla villa  (siatiir) 

/  it/.uiani'll,  Aiixrnia 

Hansi'ii,  Alox 

Ilalii'iotr,  raill 

llalii'ioll',  Afiriliuia  (wilr) 

Kott'liiiDtiMi,  Mii]iln-iii(' 

Kotclloolell,  rcloi;if  (will') 

Kolrhoolcn.  'laroTi 

Koicliooten,  l'\'\'roiiia  (\\ilV'i 

Koti'liooti  n,  rii'ta  (ilaiiKliti-r) 

Kott-Iiooti-n.  Kill' 11  (daii^ilitrr) 

Kott'liootun,  'riii-ndon'  (son) 

I.odusliinkoir.  .Natalia  (sti-']n;liild|. . 

Kii/.iTolV,  Sli'paii 

ICozcroll,  .\naslasia  (wile) 

Ko/,rrott'.  Va\t'iially  (Hiin) 

Kozcroil',  .Siii'iidiilu'((laiif;lilrr)  . . . . 

>>'o/.ik^ir,  Siiiit'on  (stuiison) 

Knikolf,  -N'icoli 

Kriikolt,  Catlii'rinc  (ivifc) 

Kriikoir,  .Mi'lrolaii  (sun) 

Kriikoti', Oiistiiiia  (ilaii;;litci1 

Kriikdir,  Ilroscda  (daughter) 

K'riikoll'.  Maxim 

KnikotV.  Feotosta  (will') 

Kriikoir.  .loliii  (Hon) 

IvnikolV,  (.'niidrat  (son) 

Kiisliin,  Ajrijii! 

Iviisliin,  .Mary  iwifi'i 

Kiisliin,  I.iiki'i-a  (daiif;liti'r) 

Kiisliin,  Mirliai'l  (son) 

Mandrcgan.  Nviiii 

Maii(lro;:aii.  Mary  (daiightt'i) 

Mandri'fian,  Zoya  (daii(;liti'r) 

Maiiilri'jiaii.  Iiiiioki'ntv  Ihoiii 

Sliiityagin,  Uli'ta  (wiiliiw) 

Jlprc'iililV,  Alo::  liiiiinarripd) 

ileroiiliir.  Martin  (lirotlipr) 

Mi'rciilitV.  I.iilioir  (siatni  1 

Mfniilitf.  I'Uleii  (sisti  .-i 

Mi'loviilov,  Aiitoni' 

Meluviduv,  Alexuudiiu  (dau(j later) 


ill-. 


41 

211 


llnok 
arniiinC 
ii-'dit. 

$2.  148.3:; 
0.  IIU 


8 
2(i 


Infant. 


24 
0 
17 


33 
U 

10 


3,"p 
42 


39 
19 


17 
43 


ID 


13 
39 


9 
30 


38 


■J3    .    

15.  00 

.33     . 

17 

38 

97.  01 

20 
1    . 

895.  33 
137,00 

14 

253.  -5 
1,34.').  1  0 

'I'l 

}-,    

9    

19.  00 


42,  00 

ioi,'25 

9,00 


8.00 


u   .. 

t'  ,00 

42    . . 

,i 

33    

3    

Inlaiit 

28    

38    

10    

9 

j                 (i      

! -li'  ::: 

1 

20  00 

1 

'       10 

14      

AI.ASKA    INDI'.STKIKS. 


355 


Coimis  of  .S(.  /'(("/  Ixlaiid,  .lliml.a,  foi-  llir  ijiar  tuiilin;!  •Iiinc  .10,  LS'.i.:,  ito. — Coiitiimod. 


.'/• 

ink 

>llllti 

(lit. 

I8.;t:; 


15.  uu 


UT.  (il 

i:iv.ob 
;!5;),  ■!:> 

34."i.  (U 


19.  uu 
4^.00 

iui.25 
"6. '66 

H.  00 

iV.'oo 


.00 


20.  UO 


2fi 


Kiiiiiilv.    INthmii. 


HI) 
HI 
Kl 
h:i 

Xi 

>;") 

8ii 
H7 
HH 
8!l 
110 
'.II 
!t2 
'.Kl 
114 
((.•| 
iiti 
!)7 
IIH 
!I'J 
lllO 

nil 

lii'2 

loa 

104 

lo.-i 

KIB 
107 
UW 
I  I'll 
110 

III 
112 

ll:i 
114 
115 
110 
117 
IIM 
11!) 
120 
121 
122 
12:1 
124 
I2,''i 
120 
127 
128 
129 
1:10 
131 
132 
133 
134 
135 
130 
137 
138 
139 
140 
141 
142 
143 
144 
145 
141! 
147 
148 
149 


30 


33 
34 


38 

39 
40 

41 


Snuii'^, 


■\tf 


Mali!> 


'   Ilook 

Ul-riMint 
I''(Mli;tIrH.        iTcdlt. 


I'l.l 


1(1(1 


.M( 
Mclovid. 
M.loviddv 
Mcldvidi.v, 


lllttii  Idiiiit'lilcn  . 

liiry  (d.'ini:lilcrj 

.M(  xuiidia  iiiiiiIIk 

.\lc\aiidt:i-  lludtli 


10 


.'-^liai^liiiikdir.  Malroiiii  ((ir|diiiii| 

Mido'.  idi»\ ,  SiiiifMiit 'jj    

M(d(t\  i(l()\ .  .Mi-Kiifidru  (wilV^ 20 

Nhdoviddv,  l,\(liij(di/i  (daii^ihlcr/ In  Ian  I. 

iS'cdcl'a/.'dl.  .Slii|di:iii 30  | 

Ncdor'a/.ntl'.  .Mcxandia  ( wilcj ' 33 

.\c(lcraz(dl',  .\Iarv  (nicd-) 12 

llopdli,  N'cliila  (ol'ldiall) 4     

.Vcdcra/.dll',  Mar  I  ill 39  I 


33 
14 
li 


150 
151 
152 
153 
l.';4 
\m 
150 
157 
158 


iH 


14 


ti 


n 


59 


32 


13 


Nc(lcra/.(dr,  I  '.it  her  inn  t  wi('c) 

Sliaiic,  .Mary  (Htcja  liild) 

.•^Iianc.  I*ani^('d\'i;i  (orphaii) 

OiiHli^'dl,  j'ci(  r 

(liLsli^jiiH.  TaraHcdv  ia  (wile) 

<lnsli;:dll',  Si('|j(  ncda  (iiidthcri 

l)iifiti;;dll,  .N(dl  (moiji _ 

iMllidll',  Alia>.lai«ia  ldr|diiilil 

Shai.sliiiik(dr.  (fcdi'^c.  (ni-|diaii| 

I'i'(i(kd|iiidl',  \'ladiinr 

I'i()kd|ii(ir.  All XI' II la  (wilr) 

.M  (>!'(' II I  ill.  rani  Idi-jdiani 

I'aiikdil,  I'arliii 

I'aiikdtl  Ol^a  (uifc) 

I'aiikdll.  Vla-ia  Indti) 

I'aiikdtl'.  Vainara  (dani,'hl«r| 

ili'Zaii/.dtl',  .Natalia  I  wilc'rt  iiifd Iter)  

i'aiaiii  liiii,  I laiiiid 

I'at'aiKdiin,  Alexandra  I wilci 

SIiaiHiiiiikdir.  Itev.  I'anI 

SliaiHiiiiikdtl,  \  alcriaii  .oi'idiaii) 

Scdick,  TIi('(»(Idr(4 

Scdick.  Martha  (wifci 

Scdick,  .AiniMtaKia  (daiiulitcri 

Scdick.  .Mary  (daii;:lit(  ri 

Scdick,  ViiHtf^iia  (danulit('ri  

Scdick.  Matrdiia  (tia lighter) 

Scdick,  Iiiiidkciity  (moiii 

Scdick.  I 'hi  lip  incidic"  ) 

Sliahdliii,  Nc(  (111 

Shalidliii,  A((rilliiia  ldaiii,'litiir) 

Shiitvayin.tjallicriiiii  (drphaiil 

Scdiiliii.  VanMily 

SimIiiIIii,  Kli/aliclli  (wile) 

Scdullii,  ViTa  (daiiKlilcr) 

Mcczcckaii,  -Mary  (dipliaiu 

.M(!c/.cckaii.  Ivan  (.Maty  H  (ton) 

Stciictiii,  Klaiy 

SIclK^tin,  .\iiiia  (wil'c) 23 

Stcpctin,  lliilcaiinii  (daiiKlitci'l 5 

Stopctiii.  I'adla  ((laii;iht(  r) Infant. 

Stcpctin.  Ddnituy 23    

Stcpctin,  VaHNii  (wit'it) 2ii 

Torrakaiidir.  Kcrrick    4(1    

'rcinikaiidtl',  .\iiiia  (wile) 30 

Shane,  I-!Ic\Mrv  (orpliani .'>    

Totdll'.  retcr  .' 20    

'I'ctotl'.  Mary  (wllc) 33 

rBt(dl.  .Mcxaiidrn  («iwtcr) 16 

(Ilcliotr,  (,'liidiiia  (wifc'n  iiidllicr) .53 

Tctdtr,  Neon 2<    

Tctoir,  Acrlllniii  (wife) 17 

Tctdtr,  Zachar  (lirotlr    ' 14    

Vidkdtl,  .Maikcl 49    

Vdlkdtl,  .Masandriii  i  .il'e) 40 

\dlkoll',  Kllcn  (siHtcri :i8 

KiiHhin.  Mavra  (uiphaii) 13 

Mcrciilill.  .Idhn  (nrphiii) 10    

WidowH  wild  urn  Iii^uiIh  of  f'aniilicH   and   indit;i^iil  .iiid  \ 

hclldcHH  dllCH.  j 

ItalaKHhin.  .Matrnna |  44 

lialakHhin,  Aiidlla  ((irphiin) \  15 

ShapdHlinikdtt'.  I'araM(;dvia 27 

liellaKlaz.dl.  Elhii 

'I'errakaiidll'.  .Mary 

Kotclioiiten.  .Mar\' 

Kotcliddtcn.  'I'ri' 1*1(1  (Hdii) |  8  ' 

.Sliaiic,  l'c(M  la  idr|iliaiii I  24 

KdHliiiiviuikuU,  Avduliu 33 


29 


1 


11 
22 


2 
31 


35 

58 
U 
46 


9 

15 
27 


51 


3 
30 


13 
20 


17 
31 


It:;.  00 
Inn.  00 


19.00 
23.'9.'i 


19.00 


93.  19 
14.00 


32.  00 


I.H3o.(l7 
Ifi.'i.  (19 
38.  00 


453.  67 


l'J,5.  77 
27.00 


78.  00 


39.  00 
28. 00 


21.00 


20.  OO 


i        024. 00 
278. 00 


.iat 


ALASKA    IXDUSTKIES. 


Census  of  .St.  I'unI  luluiiil,  .llaskii,  far  llir  ijciir  itiiliiiii  .lanc.lo,  /S:i^,  eir. — C'ontiinieil. 


Kiunilv.  I'lTMoii. 


Nmiirsi 


42 

1.19  ' 

13 

lliii 

Hil 

41 

I(i2 

Kill 

nvi 

i(;:> 

KHi 

40 

1(17 

KIH 

1(111 

in 

ITli 
171 

IT 

4K 

17;'. 

174 

175 

t!l 

ITli 

17H 

17« 

,1(1 

18(1 

r.i 

IHl 

IH'J 

1H3 

1H4 

62 

185  1 

18„  ; 

1H7 

:>3 

188  1 

1811  1 

54 

190  1 

191   i 

19:; 

lOI) 

1114 

195  1 

19(>  1 

ItnlakHliiii,  Acntiii  (orplinii)— (.'ontiiKiiMl. 

KiishicviiiikcilV,  I'luil  (win). 

KnikDlV.  Anna 

Ki'Kkiiir,  Natalin  (Bonl. 

KnikiitV,  J(p|]n 

Kd/.UilV,  I'liniHcovia- 

KozliilV,  Mii'liacl  (hoii). 

Kii/.liill',  N'i('(ili(H(ini 

SiTpliriiiikiill,  ()l(;ft(Bint«r| 

Ilcijioilanoir.  Mary  (nrpliaii). 

NcderazotV,  Adkncilcna. 

Nidpiazioll,  A({riflim(ilaii(;lil('r). 

NederazolV,  Aliixia  (KranrlHoii). 

ropiilV,  Avilotia . 

I'oJKill'.  KvroseiiiH  I'llaiiKliKT). 

iialaksliiM,  Anna  ((l<i(i$;litur). 

IN-t'Hlinikoll',  \'a.4siltsu. 

Pnpnir.  AlanaHJa 

Hlinlyafjin,  l)ar'ia(i>ri>lian) 

U<lok<>^'iHhIlik(>tt',  .ViiiiiHsa. 

KixikoviHlinlkdlV,  Stcpaii  (Hcini. 

KcKiki>viHliiiik(il)',  Anna  (danclilcr) . 

KookovJHlinikdll',  I'aniHCdvia  (dau);lit«r) . 

liezanzotV,   .Anna. 

Si'dick,  Daria 

Kutclinntcn,  Jtdin  . 

Koti-linoten,  /I'nobia  (daiiuhtfr). 

Kntcliodtcn,  Kllcn  (da(ij;htt*r)  . 

'J'l'Kiir.  Kf ilnHia  . 

'l'('t<p|l',  IriMio  (ilaii;.'liti'r). 

TctiilV.  Solid  (danj;litcr). 

Ti'iiantovn.  Anna. 

Tcrrantiiva,  .\nna  (dauelitiT)  . 
Orplian  cliildn  n,  nativo.t  of  Kt.  I'anl  Inland,  wlio  are 
now  at  Hcliiiid  in  I'nalaHka: 

rolKJniolV  Saloniu 

Sliiitvayin  rara«oovia 

SliapiiHlinikoll  Talianna 

iSliai.slniikoll'  Nodisda 

Scdic'k  .\vdr)tia 

Kriikoir  I.ukiria 


18 
21 
19 
1(1 
12 
18 


141.80 


178.  .5(1 
1(111,  02 


'  9,  885.  U4 


-  This  «iim  do<'»  not  inclndi'  tlio  uinnev  passed  to  their  credit  on  lu'count  of  thedlHtrilxition  of  the 
chnreli  liind. 

Hei-apUnlat'uin  of  rrnsiis,  1SU2. 


Milie- 


us yeais  and  (ivcr 10 

5  years  to  IH 27 

L'luler  .")  veaiM 7 


Total  males 71 

Feiualo.'i : 

18  years  anil  over 0!) 

5  years  to  18 42 

Under  5  years 11 

Total  (emails 122 

Total  native  po|)nlation 1!M> 

Total  native  population  .lune  30,  18!tl 20;5 

(;ain  by  births  dirrinj;  tlie  year  endini;  .InncSO,  1892 ."> 

(Jain  by  arrival  of  natives  from  Unal.-iska li 


Loss  by  death  during  the  year  endiui;  ,lnne  '.W.  1892 lit 

Loss  by  natives  leaving  St.  Paul 2 


211 


21 


Total  native  population  on  St.  I'au;  Island  June  30,  1892 190 

Number  of  women  without  husbands 30 

jS'umberof  men  without  wives 7 

Jos.  MUIiRAY, 
First  Assistant  Special  Jyent, 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


357 


Exiiiiin   II, 

CenxiiK  III  SI.  lirorije  hlaiiil,  .IIkhLk,  AhiiuhI  I,  1S02 


a 

M 


Name, 


Sox. 


4 

r. 

1 

fi 

7 

R 

'J 

l( 

10 

If 

I'J 

» 

i:i 

14 

i« 

17 

1« 

4 

lU 

20 

?I 

■.!2 

r, 

23 

21 

jr. 

u 

20 

27 

•JH 

1".) 

:io 

7 

32 

33 

34 

35 

30 

37 

■M 

H 

3» 

40 

41 

42 

43 

» 

44 

45 

40 

47 

10 

48 

4U 

.■iO 

11 

SI 

11! 

52 

63 

54 

55 

.50 

i:i 

57 

.5K 

.59 

14 

60 

III 

«2 

03 

16 

04 

05 

flfl 

10 

07 

OH 

fi!» 

'.7 

70 

71 

72 

73 

74 

18 

75 

78 

I.fHtiiik'ill.  Kf'V.  Tnniikcnty ;  M. 

I.CHliiik.jll,  Kli/.iilii'th V. 

I.^Htrlikon,  llrltMia I  I'. 

I.i'Hii'iikiiir,  Miirv  1'. 

I.nHli-nkiill,  Micliiicl M. 


l.t'Hlriikolt',  .Sai'fih 

I,iMt(Miki>ll,  Dciiicitiiu 

I.iMti'iikiiir.  Aiiiia 

M.niiliir,  Mark 

riiilciiiiiiiioll,  Aiidroiiic 

I'liiioniiiiiDlV.  I.I  iiiivia 

I'liilimoiKill,  .Maihiiiit 

I'hiliiiiiiiioir,  Mar.v 

I'liiliinuiiiiir.  Sliiii'dii 

riiiliiiioiiDtt,  Koilokin I'. 

I'liilinionotl,  IiiiKikcnty M. 

IMiiliinoiiotl',  I-'rdonia F. 

riiiliiMoiiiiir,  .(iiMipli M. 

I'liiliiiiiilDitr,  I.iia F. 

I'liiliiJiiiiiiil),  Anilniiih^ M. 

i'liilinioniitl',  P'traHinvia F. 

I'lilliinniK.ir,  IVl.-^'ia F. 

IMiiliiiKiiHilI',  SiitM'itii ^1, 

(»iiHti({(iir, 'Alexia M. 

Oimtcdoll',  Marl  lia F. 

(tll«tfi;()ir,  Mike II. 

I'liiliinipiiiitl',  Ki.n M . 

IMiiliiiii.iMitr  OUctla V. 

I'liillirxinoll',  (iri't;iiria M. 

I'liiliriicmoir,  Kijri!!  Ilia F. 

I'liiliiiioiioll',  HciiHlii   M. 

OiiHhr^otl'.  Kpriixia F. 

MalavaiiHky,  .Nicoli M. 

.MiilavaiiHky,  ]tr|iN('iiiia F. 

MalavanHky,  Wassa F. 

.MalavaiiHky,  ,Stn|iiirila F. 

.MalavaiiHky,  Klt'njiatra F. 

MalavaiiakBy,  I'l^tir M. 

OiiHtfl^otr,  .SiLsaii F. 

NcilerazolV,  Arkeiity Si. 

Ni.'il(Ta/.")lf,  Kv^'iiiii F. 

Ji'oiU  ra/.oll'.  Malliia F, 

Nodorazoll'.  Niioll Si. 

Nwlerazoir.  I.sicloit! II. 

Lukaiioll',  Stt^paii M. 

Lekaiiiill',  l'ulr>;ia F. 

I.flkanotr.  .\iiiKilla SI. 

Lokaiiotr,  .S<!rt;u» II. 

.Swetzotl,  KiiHtiii M. 

Swetzoir.  CalluM'ina F. 

.Swctzotl,  (Ircycpria M. 

Oiim|4;(;(iII",  Siiiicnu M. 

I'r>ik<i|ii>ll',  I'ltir M. 

IVoknpoir,  A  iitanabia M. 

lt<^zaii?.oll',  I'ciliiHia F. 

liezanzoll',  Iiiiiiikc'iiiy M. 

KozaiizotV.  Si'ri'funia. F. 

Swftzdll',  I'alisxiiia '  F. 

.Swftlzoir,  Feivoiia 1  F. 

.Swetzoll'.  Paul M. 

(;(iri)ki)ir,  (-'ciiiiild 11. 

liiirokoll',  Katei'iiia F. 

lialaiihi,  I'arfini M. 

Oalaiiiii,  Alcxaiiilcr M, 

Kiilikoloir.  Fvi.ti M. 

Kullknliitl'.  Van.irivina ;  F. 

VickdlolV,  F.vildiia i  F. 

Knzanziiir.  I Vlcr '  M. 

K<'Zai.,:i)ir,  Matroiia ]  K. 

Krzaiizoir.  Fatlina F. 

Shane,  UicsBa F. 

Sliano,  OlletUi i  F. 

.SImiie,  MicliacI M. 

Moreiiliff,  Stapan '  M. 

Merciiliff,  NeileMila I  F. 

Ualaruu,  Ucculiuu '  ¥. 

aMuutlis, 


l'amil\  I'elatiiiii.  Atfo, 


IIiiHliaiiil 

Wile  .... 

ItaiiKlitii 

.....lo  .. 

Son 

HaiiKliter 

Wiilinn'i' 

Daiiulite 

.Aildpleil  Hdll 

lliisliaiMl 

Wife 

l)llli;!lltel' 

...llo 

Iliisbaiiil 

Wile 

.Son 

DaiiK'ilei' 

Sell 

I)au;:lili  I- 

HuHliaiiil 

Wile 

DaiiKliler 

Sen 

HiiHhaiiil 

Wile 

N'e))limv 

HiihIkiijiI 

Wile 

.Sun 

l>aii;,'liti'i' 

.Son 

.Slepilaiiuliler 

Ilaelieiiii',  lieail  ol'  lioiLne 

.Sister 

....do 

Niece 

...do 

Nephew 

.Adopted  ilaufjiiti  I' 

liiiHiiaiid 

Wife 

Ilaiiuhter 

Son 

...  do 

I   Iliisliaiid    

I   Wife 

I  Son 

do 

:  HiiHhaiid 

Wife 

!  .Sou 

'  Bachelor 

!  Widow*'?',  Iieail  of  house 

i  Hiother 

Widow,  iiiiitlier  inlaw 

Son  of  Feddsia 

(Irnnddaiivhli'i'  ol  !'ediisia. . 

I'miiairied  

Daufthter 

Son 

JIusliaiid 

Wife 

Unit herin  law 

j  Adopted  s»'ii 

I  Hiisliaiiil  

Wife 

Ailoiiled  daiiiihlc  r 

llnsiiaiid 

Wife 

Daughter 

Widow 

Daiighter 

S<in 

Adojited  son 

'.\dopted  dau^jhter 

Widow 


Ill 

r.7 


»4G 

12 

III 

17 

0 

02 

211 

25 

8 

4 

(lO 

42 

23 

7 

47 

311 

111 

18 

5 

12 

27 

32 

17 

12 

9 

3 

5 

40 

38 

18 

14 

1 

23 

23 

2 

1 

41 

35 

U 

28 

27 

14 

48 

15 


14 
ai 
30 
37 
18 

0 
45 
4.'-) 

U 
4« 
50 

8 
40 
23 

2 

5 
12 
29 


3r.8 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIRS. 


Cenmis  1)1'  SI.  Conji  Islond.  Alimka,  .liu/iiiit  I,  IS'.i; — ContiniKMl. 


21 


Ml 

h:i 
«4 

m 

S7 
80 


Nnmo. 


(ill 
Ml' 
Ml 
Mf 
Mr 
Ml 
Me 
M. 
Ml' 
Ml' 
Ml' 
Ml' 
M>; 


liirini.  Kviiii 

iiullll,  Kirviiiiii .. 

niiliir,  .liiM'iili 

iililf.  (ii'iii-!. 


Hex. 


M. 
I'. 
M. 
M. 


niiliir,  Sti'liciiiilii V, 

-       -■   ■  I    y. 


niilill',  llt'li'iia 

ivulill,  •liiliii '  M. 

mil  ill',  WiiM«iili'.'<ii !  I'". 

n-nlilV.  Kvim i  M. 

ii'iiliir.  Ali'xiMiiler I  V, 

niiliir.  Kviliikir. I  V. 

niiliir,  lli'li'im V. 

rciiliU;  NiooU I  M. 


raniilv  ri'latidii. 


Sim 

Wiiliiw  ... 

Siiri 

ilii... 

|)aii;;liti'l'. 

.In.... 

8im   

Wiil.i.-  ... 

Sun 

Dniiulii^T. 

ili>.... 

ill..... 

Son 


Nninr 


A.  W.  I^nvcndor 

Miirv  K.  Lavenilor 

li.  \\' .  I.iivunilir 

llari'isnn  M.  I.iivcnilcr. 

Uiinii  I  W'clisicr 

I..  \.  NoVCM 

Taiil  Miti'liill 

I'\  ('.  'I'ii'hi'iio?' 

llariv  MorriMou 


\ii<'. 


10 
•M 
20 
lU 
10 
7 
2 
4(1 
15 

i;i 

H 
2 

ir> 


Aru.  ItcinarkH. 


40  Thiitril  .States  Tica.snrv  auint. 

42  AVili>. 

!)  Son. 

■S  Do. 

01  .\(;('Mt  N'nrtli  Amcriran  Cnniini'rrlal  (Nmipany. 

Wi  I'livHiriaii. 

(!1  ,  Knipluyci'  Niii'tli  Anirriraii  Cnnnnirrial  (,'iiiii|iaii\ . 
20  Do. 

40  Cook. 


SI'MMAHY. 

Nalivo  iinpnlatiun 89 

Mal.'H 44 

I'cinalrH 45 

Mali'H  lictwi'in  tlin  wtn's  ot  ;iO  anil  50 9 

Fi-niali-s  111' I  wi-i'M  tlii'  a ^t's  nf  ISO  anil  50 Ill 

-Mali'H  latwi'i'ii  till'  ages  iil'  l.'i  and  ItO 15 

Keniales  between  tlie  ai;e«<il'  15  anil  30 14 

Mali'.H  lielweeii  tlie  a;;i'i<  of  5  anil  15 10 

Fi'inali'S  lietwi'ih  I  lie  n::eH  of  5  and  15 14 

-Male.H  uniler  5  _\-earM  olil 9 

X'Vinales  under  5  veai.fidd 5 


'I'olal  ]iopnlation  (native). 


89 


I'uitM  Sidle 


A.    W.    1,AVKNIIKII, 

■  Trriisxii'ji  .\iii'Ht  ill  Cliiiriii'  dj'  St.  (leunje  lihiiid. 


KXIIIHIT    I. 


WAsiiixmoN,  ]).  C,  Deremher  J,  !S9t?. 
Siii :  Til  vejily  to  your  requost  I  have  to  say  tliiit  I  liiivc  Kind  your  I'DcomiueiidationH 
to  till',  l.)e])iirtiiieiit  coiiciTiiiiiff  tlic  snlijectsnl'  H.-iiiitary  iiii)ir((vciiieiits  on  tlic  rribilof 
Islands  and  on  tin'  f'nrnisliing  oniployiin'iit  tn  the  nativcH  iliiMX'on  diirini;  tlio  jicrioil 
id'  NMiall  UillinKH  <>l  mi'.iIs;  the  snggeHtions  cinliody  tlui  ciinclnsion.s  rciiclied  liy  us  in 
imr  ili.scussions  of  tlicHc,  iint'stiims  durini.;  tlio  past  sunnnor,  iiiul  I  concur  in  tlio  same. 
\(;ry  respectfully, 

Ufa).  U.  Tixci.e, 
Snj)crinlr)iih'tit  Xarlh  .tiiierican  Coyiimcrcial  ('omjmny. 

Ml.  .1.  STANI.KY-BnOWN. 

Ailhifi  I'niled  States  Treaaurji  Aijciil  in  (liariii-  Sinl  hlandH. 


AI.ASKA    INnrsTKIKS. 


.■if)!) 


lu 


IH 

Ki 

7 

2 

Id 
15 

i:i 

H 


Hfjmrl  III'    tHf^inliiiit  .li/i'iil  JtiHiph  Miirriiij. 

I'dltl    (!iil,l,lNS,  ('()[().,   l>ireiilliFf  I,   1^!)?. 

Slit :  I  liavr  tlio  liiiiinr  to  ri'piirt  IIimI  in  |iii  I'sii  unci'  ol'  i  list  r  ml  ions  ilMtnl  Miirrli  l!i, 
IHU'J,  I  reported  lor  duty  to  tlie  I  l()|iiirtiiiiiiil  of  Stiile,  anil  wiih  onlereil  to  "  |iiiiieeil 
to  iIki  I'aeilli  I  oiiHl  to  iisnIhI  in  tim  pre|mr.ilion  ol'  in.ilter  |)eri;iiiiinj;  to  tlio  lleriiii; 
Sen  eoiltlover.s.v.  " 

I  left  \Vii--liinj{toii,  I).  ('.,  on  Manli  20,  iiml  iifler  visitiiinsevtirnl  litieM  on  tlie  eoiist, 
I  Hiiiled  IVoni  I'ort  I'owiiseiiil,  per  Ntedinii  .llliiitro-in.  on  Maicli  :il,  and  >ti'ere(l  for 
I'ort  Alexiinder,  in  <!ooks  liiliit,  wiieii'  I  ImiiiIoiI  on  April  M.  Aller  toiieliiiii,'  land  at 
Salilovia  iind  Coal  I'oiiit,  I  went  to  KadiaU  Nlaiid.  where  I  s]MMt  three  days  taKili;^ 
ti'stiinoiiv,  and  then  went  to  I'oit  I'.telies,  in  I'rince  William  '  oiind,  where  I  landed 
on  the  Kith  day  of  April. 

Allor  eallin;;  at  st)\  tiral  stations  aloiii;  the  coast  of  Alaska,  1  relnriien  to  I'ort 
Townsi'iid  and  forwarded  to  the  1  it^partnieiil  tint  iiiforinatlon  I  had  iditained. 

U'liile  at  I'ort 'I'owiisend  I  leceived  iiisti  iii'ti(ms  Iroin  the  Seirotary  of  the  TreaH- 
iiry  to  proceed  withontdtday  to  in.\  station  on  the  seal  islands, 

I  sailed  per  steamer  llhalrotn  on  the  Kith  of  May,  arrivinu  at  I'lialaska  .ii  the  I'.ith, 
whence  1  sailed,  on  lioanl  the  I'.  S.  S.  locA /()»■».  on  the  L'3d  tor  St.  I'aiil  Island,  where 
I  landed  on  the  I'lth  of  .May,  and  iniiimdiately  relieved  Aniiit  liarnes,  who  had  leave 
to  rot  urn  to  the  States. 

SKA  I.    Ml.l.l.M.. 


89 
44 
4t> 


1.1 
15 
14 
lU 
14 
<l 


8» 


UoKinniiifj  on  May  lit  and  eiidiii;;  on  Aujjiist  !•  there  was  killed  on  St.  Paul  Island 
4,2L'r>  seals,  II!  of  which  were  taken  by  oriler  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  for 
the  use  of  the  I  )e]>artiiient  of  .State.  These  were  ]ireparcd  so  as  to  he  used  for  iniisenni 
spcciineiiH,  and  havohiMUi  deposited  in  the  Natioinil  Mnsenin. 

There  wore  ><00  seals  killed  in  Xoveniher.  ISitl  (of  which  I'll!  were  rejected  as  staivey  i, 
wliiidi,  ad<led  to  those  of  the  |ireHent  season,  in.ike  a  total  of."), (L'.'i  si'.ils.  I'he  srals 
killed  ill  Xoveniher,  IHltl,  heloiis  to  the  7,.")(l(l  aiipoitioimieiit  to  tlnil  year,  liiil  their 
skins  were  not  taken  from  the  island  until  Sc]>teinlper,  1SII2.  I  inclose  a  recor<l  of 
the  daily  killings.     (.See  Kxhihit  H.) 

l'RE8i:UV.\Tl()N    Ol'   THK    MKAr    KIM.KP. 

As  there  are  no  seals  taken  on  the  islands  now,  excoptiiiK  those  taken  for  natives' 
food,  aud  as  the  aiiunal  cati  h  of  7..">(ll»  allowed  hy  law  is  not  i'lion^ih.  under  existiin; 
conditions,  it  hecomes  necessary  for  the  Department  to  de\  ise  and  establish  niethods 
for  jireserviiifi;  all  the  seal  ciircasses  killed,  for  every  iionnd  ol'  them  will  lie  needed 
for  food. 

That  the  mo.it  can  ho  jireserved  by  canning,'  I  hav(>  no  doiilit ;  and  that  a  part  of  it 
may  be  jircserved  by  snndiiii;;  has  been  demonstrated,  I  think,  dnriii!;-  the  past  sea- 
son, when,  with  the  most  iirimitivo  contrivances,  several  thousand  shoulders  were 
dried  and  smoked  very  ni<ady. 


CAXNINIi    ro    I!E    I'KEFKRUKD. 

The  canning  jirooess,  if  sncccssfnl.  is  to  be  preferred,  because  it  is  cheaper  and 
more  conveiiient,  and  becanse  tlni  whole  carcass  can  be  utilized  and  the  meat  l;i  pt, 
almost,  in  its  natural  state,  which  will  make  it  iinich  iiioro  palatable  for  the  natives. 

wiir.N   ro  .MM.. 

All  killing  onght  to  bo  done  in  .liuic  and  .Inly,  because  at  that  time  the  skins  are 
in  )vrime  condition,  and  the  llesli  is  at  its  best  for  canning. 

As  the  stag(\v  season  begins  about  August  11),  .iiid  continues  till  l)eceml>cr,  during 
which  time  the  tiesh  is  poor  and  the  skin  almost  valueless,  the  iiosition  taken  by  the 
Department  that  no  seals  shall  be  killed  for  any  purpose  during  that  period  is  a  good 
one. 

VATnios"  ciM-ucii  sunscuirrioN. 


In  the  summer  of  isill  one  Hisliop  Valdimir.  of  San  Fr.ancisco,  oanie  to  St.  I'anl 
Ishiiid  to  collect  money,  and  the  resident  jiriest  gave  hiiu  three  sacks  of  coin,  said  to 
contain  .tli.lil'.").  which  the  bishoii  turned  over  to  the  Xorth  Aniericni  (lommeroial 
t'ompany  for  transportation  to  San  I'ranciseo. 

Atthe  same  time  there  were  many  of  the  natives  (who  had  originally  contributed 
this  money)  without  means,  and  a  majority  of  them  were  ji.iupers  in  fact,  and  de- 
])ondent  on  the  (lovernment  for  sniisisteuce.  Under  such  circumstances  tlio  agent 
in  charge  forbid  the  removal  of  tho  funds  until  he  comiuiinicated  with  the  l-)ei)art- 
ment. 


3G0 


Ar^ASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


Ill  piirHiiMiirr  III'  liistriKrtiiiiis  <Lit('<l  Miiy-',  IM'.IL',  tlic  iiioiii'.v  was  takni  mi  it  roiiii  It'll, 
iiiid  till)  tlii'iM^  Niicks  wore  riiiiiiil  to  roiitiiiii  .til.lUl.lO,  iiiid  it  >vaH  tliviilrd  aiming  (lie 
uiitivcH  ax  t'lilliiwN: 

To  tilt!  prit«t $'-'(M).  (X » 

To  \HH  iiiTstiiiH.  tit!.  12  farh :t,  (IHd.  r.(! 

'ill  7  <ir|iliiiiis,  ^Iti.l.'^  I'licli 1111. .')  I 

To  I'.lt!  pirMiiiis ;{,  34 1.  10 

The  moiit-y  wan  iiiiiiittdiutoly  npuiit  lor  itlotliiiiKt  of  which  muiit  ol'  tlif  people  were 
Vfry  iiiucli  iu  iici'ij. 

NAPINKS'    l-.AltNINtlS. 

Till'  iiativt^H'  oariiiiiK^  nniouiitcd  to  ^'JJi'JimO,  which  was  iliviileil  aiiiorij  tlicm 
ni't'iiriliiiK  to  till' usual  rlaHsiHi'atiou,  as  pur  iustructioim  dutetl  May  1.',  IK92;  and  I 
Lt^rewith  iuclosf  a  dutuilud  titutvuiuiit.     (Met'  Exhibit  D.) 

OltDKRH. 

Previous  to  the  division  oi' fiarninffs  I  found  it  npcessary  to  issne  wt>ekly  ordfrs 
ti>  the  iiativuH  for  foiiit  and  clothin;;,  which  at  the  fud  of  two  mouths  iiiiinunteil  in 
the  an;4;ri'Katc  to  ^il.KJ.'i.TM,      I'ho  stiilisof  these  orders  liave  already  lieeu  handed  you. 

As  soon  as  the  ilivisiou  of  I'ariiiii^s  was  made  I  stoppeil  the  issiiiu};  of  orilers  anil 
told  the  mi'ii  that  HO  louiif  as  they  had  money  of  their  own  the  (iovernment  woultl 
not  |)iiy  thi'ir  hills. 

In  ail  my  intcrcoiirsi'  with  the  natives  I  have  entleavored  to  impioss  upon  them  a 
sense  of  the  value  of  time  and  money,  and  to  make  theiii  understand  the  ilitlerencn 
lietweeii  the  euerf^etie  man,  who  taki's  pride  in  workiii);  for  what  he  receives,  and  tht> 
lazy,  shiftless  fellow,  who  prefiTs  to  he  a  ))aiiper. 

When  it  became  necessary  to  feed  them  at  tiovernuieiit  expiMise  and  to  issue  orders 
for  sii|i]ilies,  I  opened  an  aiM'oiint  witl.  each  sei  .  r  and  made  him  (h<litor  for  the 
urilers  ^'i\en  him,  and  I  i^avo  him  credit  at  the  rate  of  15  cents  per  hour  fur  every 
hour's  work  done. 

NATIVKS'    WORK. 

At  the  close  o  '  the  killing  season  1  set  the  men  to  work  on  the  streets,  which  they 
nleaiied  and  fjiaded  and  jfraveled.  They  )iainted  the  (iovoiiiment  house  anil  K>'aded 
the  ^M-Diinds  around  it;  and  then  I  liefran  the  huildin<r  of  a  main  road  I'roni  the  con- 
tev  of  the  village  to  the  west  lantling,  which  was  hadly  neiMled  for  a  long  time,  anil 
\\hicli,  when  completed,  will  be  a  benefit  to  all  on  the  island. 

Once  the  men  iinderstooil  what  was  expected  of  thtmi  thtiy  entered  into  the  spirit 
of  the  thing  with  ]ilea8iire,  anil  they  winked  willingly  and  well. 

It  ought  to  be  borne  in  mind,  though,  that  they  are  neither  hardy  nor  pliysit.a'ly 
strong,  and  that  they  are  not  litted  for  hard  manual  labor,  such  as  is  necessary  in 
roatl  making.  A  day  of  not  to  exreeil  five  hours  is  tiuite  long  enough  for  any  of 
them  to  swing  a  i)ick  or  wheel  a  loaded  barrow. 

DKCRGASK   or   SKAI.S. 

I  visited  the  rookeries  occasionally  during  the  killing  season,  and  I  found  a  markeil 
decrease  in  the  seals  of  all  ages  and  sexes  since  1K!)1. 

DKM)  rui'.s. 

I  walked  over  every  rookery  on  the  island  during  the  week  beginning  with  Sep- 
tember 1  and  eiiitiug  September  7  in  search  of  dead  pups,  and  excepting  on  Tolstoi 
tlieie  were  only  a  noriiial  number  to  be  seen. 

On  Tolstoi  I  found  a  number  of  dead  pups,  but  not  any  more  than  can  be  accounted 
for  from  natural  and  well-known  causes. 

RETURN  TO    WA.siIINdTON. 

On  the  17th  of  August  I  receivetl  instructions  from  the  Department,  dated  July  8, 
to  report  at  Poit  Townsend,  and  on  the  21st  of  August  Mr.  Ainsworth  arrived  at  the 
island  to  relieve  me.  1  sailed  from  St.  Paul  I.iland  on  Septtanber  7  on  the  North 
American  Couuuercial  Company's  steamer  Jlertlia  autl  arrived  i:»  San  Kraucisco  on 
tiie  2tith. 


ALASKA    INDUSTUIES. 


WAi'cmiorNKH. 


301 


llnlbri^  louviiiK  tlir  islund  I  ^iivit  Mr.  AiiiNworth  I'lill  inHtriictioDH  iih  to  IiIh  tliititm 
<1uriti(;  my  iiliMriiri',  itiiil  i'N|ii'('iiilly  of  tlio  nttciwHity  '  t  biiildiii);  thit  wiitchlioiiHdH  uikI 
Kiiai'diiiK  thu  rookerit'M  ii;riiiiiMt  ruhln.  'I'ho  liiiiili*'i'  tortliit  wiitchhoiiMOM  w»h  liiiKled 
Iriiiii  tliti  llirlhn  iKtl'ori'  I  Hiiilud,  itiid  Mr  Atnxworth  hiiH  Hiiico  inl'oriniMl  nut  liy  letter 
tliut  the  wutclilioiitiuH  wure  coiiiiihitod  ami  KiirriNuiicd  l>y  the  native  men. 

now   TO  (ICAltU    rilK    ItOOKKItlKS. 

It  liiiH  txMtii  nm'kI  tliiit  til  tli(iroii(r||ly  {riiiird  tint  rookeries  will  ntqiiiTfl  a  force  of  hoI- 
diei'N  or  iiuiriiicH  on  (<!irli  of  tli<-  iNliiiid.s,  but  the  udvocatuH  of  such  it  hi'Iiuiuo  <Io  not 
nnderstiiiid  or  aiiprt'ciati'  tlix  rcul  Hituiition.  The  natives  are  aldi'  and  willing;  to 
•;iiard  llie  rookeries,  and  under  competent  dirrutiou  are  I'oiind  to  perform  the  servi'ti 
eni<'ii'ntly  and  thoroii;;hly. 

It  is  leuouu  leudcd  that  their  '.  T  i  i  breeeh-loudin);  ritloH  be  Muperseded  liy  Wiii- 
chcHtur  ritlcH  of  the  caliber  .I.V.iC/, 

TUANSI.ATINIl   TIM'.  ItlTUAI,. 

Ileforn  I  left  the  Island  the  iiativog  aHHninblod  at  uiy  house  and  told  me  that  the 
money  wet  aside  to  pay  for  trauslatinn  the  ritual  was  not  intended  for  an  Kn|r|i8h 
translation,  but  for  a  tianslatiou  from  the  Russian  into  the  Aleut,  their  own  native 
tonjjue. 

'I'licy  expresMod  themselves  as  having  no  antipathy  to  having  their  church  ritual 
in  I'.iif^liMh  if  they  could  liave  it  in  Aleut  too;  ami  they  stigj^ested  that  the  school 
Hhoiild  be  kept  ojieii  every  day  in  the  yt^ar,  except  necessary  holidays,  of  which  they 
named  twelve  that  thev  wished  to  be  allowed  to  obscuve  and  koep  as  sacredly  as  the 
Sabbath. 

HAHITS,    Cf.STO.MS,  ETC. 

It  should  bo  kept  in  view  while  consideriiif,'  the  ))resent  status  and  low  condition 
of  the  inhabitants  of  the  seal  islands  that  they  are  in  some  respects  not  more  than 
two  removes  tVoni  childish  aimplicity  and  in  other  respects  not  nion;  than  one  re- 
move from  barbarism,  and  that  they  need  a  ffuardian  and  a  conscientious  ^itide,  as 
well  as  an  overseer  and  a  ruler. 

They  know  but  very  little,  if  anything,  about  domestic  economy  or  thrift,  ami  the 
word  ambition  has  no  jtlace  in  their  vocabulary. 

(liv(!  him  his  year's  earnings  all  at  one  lime  and  the  jiverafje  sealer  will  sjiend  the 
whole  sum  on  the  spot,  and  he  will  purchase  articles  which  h(^  itot  only  doeu  not 
need,  but  of  which  he  knows  not  the  use. 

Give  him  an  opportunity  to  ffet  liquor  or  the  injjrediont.s  to  make  it  au<l  he  will 
Kct  drunk  in  spite  of  pledge  or  promise  given  to  the  contrary. 

He  has  no  idea  of  a  moral  resiionsibility,  courts  rather  than  shuns  death,  and  feels 
sure  of  eternal  bliss  in  a  future  state.  Me  is  an  enthusiastic  believer  in  the  ''church," 
and  could  be  wonderfully  imjiroved  thereby  if  the  church  would  attemjit  anything 
for  his  im]iroveiuent  nun'ally  or  physically  while  living  in  this  world,  lint  the 
"church''  as  it  is  known  on  the  seal  islands  is  nothing  more  than  idle  ceremony  and 
the  mumbling  of  a  priest  who  is  a  native  of  St.  Paul  Island  and  is  fully  as  ignorant 
as  any  of  his  unfortunate  congregation. 

To  expect  one  brought  up  in  such  surroundings  to  ap|)reciate  thrift  or  to  practi<'0 
ec(uioiny  is  to  expect  the  im|iossiblu,  and  to  treat  him  as  a  eriininal  because  of  his 
ignorance  or  to  attempt  to  reform  him  by  lining  or  im|irisoniuent  «r  starvation  is  to 
attempt  to  sur)ia«s  him  in  imbecility. 

During  a  four  years' residence  ou  the  seal  islands  I  learned  by  experience  that 
after  all  the  neglect  and  bad  treatment  he  formerly  received,  and  in  spite  of  his  sur- 
roundings and  liick  of  op)iortunity,  the  native  Aleut  has  within  him  the  gernm  of 
many  good  traits  which  need  but  the  kindness  and  charity  due  from  those  above  him 
to  one  of  his  helpless  condition  to  make  a  fairly  good  and  useful  citizen. 

"■rirdnent  among  others  of  his  many  good  traits  are  honesty,  docility,  obedience, 
ii.c  a  l')ve  of  law  and  order  equal  to  that  of  any  people  in  the  Union. 

;  iospectfuUy  suggest,  therefore,  that  we  do  him  simple  justice  before  we  condemn 
Liiii    r  leave  him  to  his  fate. 

i^et  lis  give  him  an  education  before  we  blame  him  for  not  having  it.  Let  ns  give 
him  ■•.  "chool  in  which  his  children  can  not  only  learn  to  read  and  write  the  English 
h  ngi  ge,  but  where  they  will  be  under  tlie  care  of  Curistian  men  and  womcsn,  who 
will  toach  them,  by  precept  ami  example,  to  be  pure  and  dean  in  all  things,  both 
;.ior';liy  and  physically. 


^ 


362 


ALASKA    INDUSTHIRS. 


INDUSTKIAL  SCnni>I..S. 

'I'licro  IS  ono  siiro  renieily  for  the  prcspiit  iiitollcctual  coiKlitioii  of  t\w  iiiitivca,  aiul 
that  is  tlie  iiniiiodiati'  estuhlishiiieiit  on  hoth  ishiiids  of  industrial  boai'(Iin<;'  schools 
undurthu  entire  control  of  the  (jiovcmmont. 

In  my  re])ort  of  IHiU  I  advocated  this  thin;?,  and  all  my  snbscqiinnt  exi)erien<c  lias 
BtrenKthened  my  Ixdief  in  the  necosaity  for  siicli  a  school  and  in  its  alisolute  smccss 
if  once  attem](tcd.  There  is  a  skeleton  of  such  a  schnol  at  tinalaska  that  has  been 
made  siicessfiil  by  fheciierf;y  and  indomitable  perseverance  of  the  teachers  in  cliarj;e, 
and  in  Sojitember,  1S9(),  I  sent  six  jjirls  there  from  St.  I'atil  Island,  four  of  wiiom 
ei)uld  not  speak  lOnfjlish,  and  aftei-  a  stay  of  two  years  they  bad  improved  so  mncli 
in  every  way — ^morally  ,]diysica  lly,  and  intellect  ually — tha  t  th(!y  have  been  the  wonder 
of  all  who  have  visited  the  school  and  who  remember  tlieir  condition  before  entering; 
it.  Their  rapid  improvement  shows  what  may  iMvacr'omplished  foi- this  ])eoi)lo  l>y 
pnttinj;  their  children  in  charj^e  of  truly  Christian  teachers,  who  will  guard  thoni 
iVom  evil  while  awakening  and  enliffhteniiiK  the  mind. 

I'our  other  or])haii  girls  were  sent  to  the  I'nalaska  school  tliisyear.  but  since  then 
1  have  learned  that  tb(!  church  society  which  supi)ortcd  the  school  has  withdrawn 
:ill  further  sui>plios  from  it,  which  means  the  closing  of  the  school  at  an  early  date 
and  the  n'turn  of  the  St.  I'aul  girls  to  the  island  ami  to  miser.\  and  vice. 

CKNStS. 

I  inclose  a  copy  of  the  eensns  (Kxhibit  (i)  of  St.  I'anl  Island  for  the  year  ended 
.Inne  HO,  18H2,  which  shows  a  native  pi)])ulatiiin  at  that  time  of  190  persons.  Nine- 
teen had  <lied  during  the  year  and  .">  were  born. 

So  much  has  been  said  and  so  often  about  the  fe.irfiil  death  r.ite  on  the  seal  islands 
that  it  is  not  necessary  foi'  nie  to  add  more.  A  great  <leal  of  sickness  and  many 
deaths  might  )io  |>revented  l)y  the  natives  themselves  if  they  ha<l  average  comnron 
sense,  but  I  do  know  that  many  lives  n.ight  be  saved  by  the  adoption  of  a  few  very 
Him])le  precautionary  measures,  of  whicli  a  full  supply  of  good  water,  ventilation, 
good  beds,  and  pro])er  sanitary  conditions  ^^ould  bo  file  most  essential,  and  these 
things  should  be  forced  on  tlie  people  if  neees.sary,  rather  than  leave  them  to  intro- 
dnee  such  improvements  themselvc-j. 

A  visit  in  company  with  tlie  agcut  in  cb;:rge  to  the  natives'  honses  last  summer 
revealed  the  fact  that  there  w(!re  Ibrty  iieos  of  all  sorts  accommodating  a  population 
of  litti  persons.  From  this  it  will  be  seen  now  universal  is  the  Lubit  of  sleeping  on 
the  tioor. 

MAIlKlAdK. 


The  attention  of  the  l)ei)artment  is  respectfully  c.illed  to  tlie  ditt'eremi'  iu  num- 
ber of  llie  sexes  on  .St.  I'anl  Island. 

Females  of  all  ages 122 

Males  of  all  ages 74 

I'.xcess  (d'  lemales IX 

Females  o*"  1«  ye.irs  and  over (!9 

Males  (d"  IH  years  and  over 40 

Kxcess  of  marriageable  wonuui 2!t 

That  this  excess  is  the  cause  of  much  ol'  the  iiumorality  cmnplained  of  is  only  too 
true,  and  an  eai  nest  etl'ort  should  be  made  to  liud  a  reuicdy. 

'I'here  is  another  cause  for  existing  immorality,  however,  of  far  more  jiower  and 
importance  than  any  other,  ami  that  is  the  peculiar  construction  put  njjon  the 
church's  law  of  marriage  by  the  resident  priest,  who  refuses  to  marry  anyone  within 
tlui  lilt li  degree  of  blood  relationship;  and  hi^  makes  blood  relations  of  all  whoso 
relatives  m.irry  relatives  of  the  intendtid  husband  or  wife. 

The  resul  list  hilt  marriages  must  of  nectssity  cease  on  St.  I'.aul  Lshind,  for,  accord- 
ing to  tluit  ruling,  the  jiresont  ]>opiilation  are  all  of  one  blood. 

The  priest  tidd  me  that  he  dare  not  perform  tlui  marriage  ceremony  for  any  coiijile 
so  long  as  there  was  the  least  doubt  of  tln'ir  possible  relationship,  but  that  it  was 
within  llii^  power  of  a  bislioj)  to  grant  the  necessary  dis|)ensation. 

If  the  bishop  at  San  Francisco  can  not  be  induced  to  giant  such  dispensations,  it 
u  ill  be  ni'cessary  to  remove  about  half  tht!  present  jjopulatiou  from  the  islands  and 
bring  ill  new  lilood  froiu  s(uiiewlierc  else. 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIKR. 


303 


SUMMAUY. 

To  repeat  the  HUKKefl'"'"'  litro  resppctfiilly  oti'ored,  I  adviwo  that  no  more  seals  bi^ 
killed  belbro  .Iiiiio  iior  after  .Inly;  that  all  tlie  iiu^at  bo  canned  if  it  is  found  that  it 
can  bo  i)n'served  in  that  way;  that  the  natives  bo  fiirnishod  ^^■incheste^  rille.s,  and 
the  rustoni  (if  paying  them  for  tlioir  tirao  and  labor  be  continued;  that  Treasury 
aijeiits  of  j;ood  health  and  physical  aV»ility  as  well  as  exceptionally  fjood  morals  bo 
sent  to  the  islands;  that  industrial  boardin^i;  schools  bo  ostabliBhed  by  tlie  (iovorn- 
nient  Mud  kept  under  its  control  forever;  that  none  but  men  of  good  morals,  broad 
and  lilioral  vi(?wB,  {^ood  education,  and  ability  to  read  the  church  services  in  the 
Kiif;lish  lan^fuago  be  allowed  on  the  islands  as  priissts  or  pastors;  that  jiure  water, 
good  drainage,  good  bods,  clean  houses,  warmth,  and  ventilation  bo  provided  and 
insisted  on;  chat  stringent  rules  be  adopted  and  enforced,  by  which  very  few 
strangers  will  be  allowed  to  visit  the  rookeries  while  the  seals  are  on  land;  that  an 
etlbrt  be  i  ~do  to  amicably  adjust  local  dilforences  on  the  islands,  and  to  instill  into 
all  concerned  the  fact  that  the  interests  of  the  lessees  and  of  the  (Joverinuent  are 
one  and  the  same. 

Very  respec-fnlly,  Joseph  MiritiiAV, 

Firnt  Assistant  Sj)eci(il  Jijcnt. 

,1.  Stanlhy-Bkown, 

Jctimj  Treamrij  Aiient  in  Chargr  of  Seal  Inlands. 


Vl'Z 
74 

•IH 
40 


Jleporl  of  Amistaut  Aijent  A.  /('.  Lavender.  . 

St.  fJicoiajE  Isi.ANM),  Alaska,  Septemher  7,  1S92. 

Sir:  I  have  the  Lonor  to  make  yon  the  f(dlowing  report  of  the  seal  catch  on  this 
island  from  August  V.i,  1891,  to  August  10,  1892;  of  the  condition  of  the  rookeries  as 
I  lind  them,  and  of  the  health  and  financial  condition  of  the  natives,  together  with 
Hucb  reeommendatioi's  as  I  think  would  be  beneliciiil  in  con<lucting  seal  killing 
liercafter: 

First. — I  have  handed  you  a  statement  (Exhibit  C)  of  seals  killed  by  my  i)redo- 
cessor,  I'nitcd  States  Treasury  Agent  S.  R.  Xettleton,  showing  that  between  August 
i;{,  1S91,  and  May  1,  1W)2,  th<Te  were  402  seals  killed  for  native  food,  41  of  which 
had  stagey  skins  which  are  to  bo  shipped  on  tho  North  American  Commercial  Com- 
l)any'8  steamer  //er/Zirt  and  con8igne<l  to  the  North  Anuirican  Commercial  Company 
of  San  Francisco  iVu'  account  of  the  United  States  Treasury  Department,  in  accord- 
ance with  my  orders. 

Second. — 1  have  handed  you  a  statement  of  seals  kilb^d  this  season  (Exhibit  C), 
which  shows  that  there  were  10,200  se;ils  driven  from  the  rookeries,  out  of  which 
2,125  were  clubl)ed  and  26  died  in  driving.  Tho  skins  of  the  26  w(!ighed  about  5 
pounds  each.  They  were  rejected  by  tho  agents  of  tho  lessees  and  are  to  bo  shipped 
on  the  North  American  (Commercial  ('orai)any's  steamer  Jlerlhn  and  consigned  to  tho 
North  American  Commercial  ('om])any  of  San  Francisco  for  ai'count  of  tlie  United 
States  Treasury  Department.  I  have  written  both  the  Secretary  of  tiie  Treasury 
and  the  collector  of  customs  at  San  Francisco  to  that  oil'ect. 

Third. — Special  care  has  been  takv.n  in  driving  seals  from  the  rookeries,  and  our 
])roportion  of  rejected  skins  is  very  small  considering  the  weight  of  skins  accepted 
l)y  the  company  this  season.  I  sliaii  kill,  after  October  20,  819  good  seals  if  they  are 
to  bo  fountl  on  the  island,  in  order  to  complete  our  allotment  of  2,500  out  of  the 
7,500  which  are  to  be  killed  for  native  food  in  accordance  with  the  international 
agreement. 

I  do  not  think  it  advisable  to  driic  seal  between  the  1st  day  of  August  and  tho 
20th  day  of  October;  about  August  1  the  rookeries  are  badly  broken  nj),  and  male 
and  female  are  mixed  together  on  tho  hauling  grounds  and  cm  not  Ix*  se])arat(Ml. 
Whiles  it  may  not  injure  tho  seal  to  drive  them,  I  am  of  the  oi)inion  that  the  female 
should  not  be  disturbed.  There  were  a  number  of  females  in  the  last  two  drives  we 
made. 

Tho  diminution  in  seal  lif<;  has  been  very  marked  on  this  island.  If  it  were  jtossi- 
bl(!  to  count  iill  the  seals  here,  including  cows  au<l  pups,  I  <lo  not  think  tht;  number 
would  reach  25,(K)().  N.  seal  should  be  killed  from  August  1  until  after  the  stagey 
season. 

A  statement  (Exhiltit  F)  was  handed  yon  showing  the  amount  of  money  to  flic 
credit  of  the  natives  on  August  10,  1S92,  liy  which  you  will  see  that  there  was  but 
little  to  each  individual  account  other  than  the  priest,  chief,  and  orphans,  (iovern- 
ment  orders  to  the  amount  of  $5(i..58  have  been  issued  up  to  the  above  date. 

I  also  handed  yon  a  census  repor'.  (Exhibit  H)  by  which  you  will  see  that  there 
lias  been  but  one  death  for  the  past  sixteen  months.    This  is  an  excellent  showing. 


364 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


iHid  I  think  it  largely  owiug  to  the  extra  supply  of  fuel  which  has  been  furnished  and 
other  necessaries  which  thuy  (the  natives)  have  burn  allowed  to  purchase.  Thi'  coal 
supply  of  100  tons  is  enoiifch,  but  not  too  much.  Wo  have  one  iiiorc,  lire  to  fnruish 
this  coming  winter  than  last,  and  next  seasou  ther(>  will  be  two  or  three  additional 
lints  to  supply.  I  scud  yon  a  statoinent  (Exhibit  K)  of  the  division  of  money  earned 
by  the  natives  for  taking 2,.'),")4  seal  skins,  $1,270.50,  whicli  has  been  divided  satisfac- 
torily to  the  natives,  the  officer  in  charge,  and  to  the  general  agent  of  the  North 
American  Commercial  Company.  No  dried  or  salt  salmon  has  be  u  landed  on  this 
island  tliis  season.  We  have  15  barrels  of  salt  salmon  on  hand.  Wliou  the  transfer 
was  made  from  the  Alaska  Conmiercial  Company  to  the  North  American  Commercial 
Comjiany,  then?  were  20  barrels  here  at  that  time.  The  North  American  Commer- 
cial Company  lauded  10  barrels  in  .lune,  1890,  aud  10  barrels  in  .lune,  1891.  No  otlior 
fish  liave  been  landed  here  for  tlie  use  of  the  natives  that  1  am  aware  of.  1  under- 
stand tliat  there  is  a  lot  of  dried  salmon  to  be  lamled  this  fall.  Will  write  you  all 
the  particulars  as  soon  as  it  is  received. 

The  North  .Vnierican  Commercial  Company  have  complied  with  all  the  rei|niro- 
ments  of  the  lease  up  to  date.  They  have  delivered  100  gross  tons  of  coal  to  the 
officer  in  charge  for  the  use  of  the  natives,  and  a  receipt  for  same  has  been  siguo' 

An  additional  report  will  be  made  and  sent  you  by  the  last  steamer  going  to  .in 
Francisco. 

\'ery  respectfully,  yours, 

Al.UKUT  W.    l.AVEXDKlt, 

I'nited  Stiites  Trrasiiri/  Afjent  in  Cliarfie  of  SI.  (leoryc  Inland. 

.).  Sr.xNr.KY-HHowN. 

.ictiiiy  I'nited  ataten  Treasiiri/  Ayciil  in  Chanjv  of  Seal  Isliinds, 

il'aiiliintjton,  l>.  <'. 


Okfice  ok  Speciai.  Aoe.nt  TUEASfRY  Department, 

SI.  Ceor'it'  Inland,  September  10,  189;?. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  inclo.se  you  herewith  shipping  receipt  for  '2,'>'t'.i  skins 
shipi)ed  on  the  North  American  Commercial  C'om])auy's  steamer  Itcrtha,  and  to  inform 
you  that  there  has  been  landed  on  this  island  for  native  use  the  followii  g  supplies: 
Fifteen  <'ases  roast  beef,  20  cases  tomatoes,  1,000  dried  salmon,  I  am  infoimed  by  Mr. 
Tingle  that  more  dried  salmon  are  to  follow. 
Very  respectfully, 

A.  W.  Laveitder, 
Cnitcd  States  Treasury  Ayent. 
J.  Stanley-Urown,  Esq., 

United  States  Treasnry  Ayent  in  Charge  of  Seal  Inlands. 


Report  of  Special  Aijeiit  Murray. — Seal  Tables. 

Office  Special  Agent  Treassuey  Department, 

December  HO,  1892. 
Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  hard  yon  lierewith  a  series  of  tables  settiiifj 
forth  the  number  of  fur  seals  killed  on  the  Tribilof  Islauds,  for  all 
causes  whatsoever,  during  the  term  of  the  lease  of  the  Alaska  Com- 
mercial Conii)any;  that  is,  from  1870  to  188!),  both  inclusive. 

These  tables  have  been  compiled  by  me  witii  great  care  from  the 
official  records  of  the  Pribilof  Islauds,  aud  are  correct,  careful  com- 
l)arisous  having  been  made.  They  include  every  seal  killed  from  any 
cause,  intentional  or  accidental,  incident  to  the  taking  of  seal  skins  on 
the  islands  of  St.  I'aul  aud  St.  George. 
KespectfuUy,  yours, 

Jot-EPii  Murray, 
First  AsHistant  Special  Agent, 
Hon.  Charles  Foster, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


T 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


365 


Tahlea  ihowing  in  detail  all  killing  of  fur  seah,  for  wliatnocver  purpose,  on  the  Pribilof 
IslandH  ditrinfi  the  term  of  the  lease  of  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company;  tl.-^t  is,  from 
187(1  to  1SS9,  both  indiixive. 

(XoTE.— There  is  a  niiHiippiclinnsion  in  regard  *o  thn  nnmeB  nf  thfl  RBVPrnl  ronVeries  and  hniiline 
j;rouii(lH,  anil  they  are  ol'tvn  (^(infoiinileil  l)y  iicojile  who  aii'  nut  th(iroii({lpl>  aciinninted  with  them, 
/(iltoi  and  (iarhoteh  are  local  Kiibdivisiona'of  the  Keef  rooker.v  and  are  Heated  an  rookerieHhysomo 
of  the  TreaBnry  agents,  while  others  ignore  them  altogether,  /apadine  and  Southwest  liay  are 
one.  Polivinia  and  llall'-way  I'oint  are  one:  Home  men  iisinfr  thi^  Kiissian  while  others  use  thn 
Knglish  nami'H.  English  Hay  and  Middle  Hill  are  .lepanite  and  dLstinet  rookeries,  and  yet  they  are 
el'ten  spoken  of  as  though  they  were  one.  Near  is  a  local  sulidivislon  of  North  rookery.  Little 
Kast  is  a  local  subdivision  of  East  rookery.  Sea  Lion  Kock,  Southwest  I'oint.  and  Rocky  I'oint 
are  neither  rookeries  nor  hauling  grounds  in  the  strict  si'nse  of  the  term  ;  the  senlB  come  and  go  at 
will;  for  it  is  only  under  the  most  favorable  conditions  of  wind  and  water  they  can  bo  reached,  and 
it  is  but  seldom  tliere  arc  uumy  of  them.  Ily  keeping  these  facts  in  mind  it  will  be  seen  that  seals 
were  driven  from  all  of  the  hauling  grounds  on  both  islands  from  1870  to  date.] 

isro. 

ST.  I'AI'L  ISL.VND. 


Date. 


Rookery. 


Seals  killed  for  natives'  food. 


Pups. 


Not  indicated  in  the  rec- 
ords of  thi .:  year  :    2, 800 


Bache- 
lors. 


6,449 


.Skins 
re- 


cepted.   Jccted. 


Skins 
ac- 


Seals  killed  for  skins 
for  lessees. 


Ilache- 

lors. 


Skins     Skins 


6,017 


48 


Total 
killed 
;..r  all 
pur- 


cepted.   Jccted. ,  ?""''"■ 


13, 314 


ST.  GEORGK  ISLAND. 


Not  indicated  in  the  rec- 
ords of  this  year  

Alaska  Commercial  (;o. 


1,  200 


I !        473 

Hutchinson,  Kohl  &  Co ' 0, 780 


! 1,200 

473  1 1  473 

6,780! '      6,786 


Total 1,200 

I 


,  250       7,  250 


8,459 


TOTALS  FOR  ST.  I'ATL  AN.>  ST.  GEORGE  ISLANDS. 


Island. 


.Seals  killed  fornativesfiKMl.    '^^'''"fll'."*^^;^"''''"'  I   killed,  a.eepted,  "and     •■rand 

rejected.  .'".!", 
killed 


>"p«-:^i'" 


Skins    Skins 

ac-     '     re- 
cepted-jected 


Bachi 

lors. 


for  lessees 

Skins    Skins 


„,,  ,.,..      liaclie 

ccpted.  .ie-ted.|     '""• 


.Skins    Skins 


for  all 
pur- 


.ep'ted.  jected.    '""'^"' 


Sl.ranl 2,800     0,419    10,449       fi,  0(m 

St.  George 1.200 7.  2.5B 

Totals..-.    4,000     6,440    0,44'J      13,  ;t24 


0,017 
7,259 


13. 276 


48 


12,614  '■■     6,017     0,407       li),  314 
7, 250  I    7, 269    8, 459 


48     10,773     13,270     6,497 


C,773 


3G(! 


ALASKA    INDUSTHIEK. 


Tabica  slwwing  in  detail  all  killing  of  fur  >ieal».  ttr. 

ST.  PAUL  ISLA.\J>. 


:*M%mneA. 


] 

Itodkcry. 

Spills  killeil  I'oi 

iiativcK 

SIvilIrt 

ac- 
ci'liteil. 

IT.'i 
243 

food.         •^'»^ 

rflHU.i^  Cat  Akm» 
r  ll*M«i>t>». 

<>Tl.f «♦.    ,j*etPd . 

Ti.tal 
kill'il 

Datn. 

i 

Miiy    16 

1         1X0 

n-- 

i**tt<'id. 

11 

Wyt- 

for  all 
pur 

pntie.-*. 
186 

'          246 

""'Jit 

va' 

2.  'M 

3.a.«7 

i.ViJ 

7iKi 
■-'  «« 
3   W» 
2.  *lij 

\.%:«» 

2.'VtW 

3.«j:s 
'it 

] .  «W 

J.»>v 
Wd 

<I.Mi( 

]  <a.* 

"Ih*' 

!!,«>;»' 

i),.w; 

11.  WlY 
t-CMft 

7M 
■I  iV,3 
(,  liOft 
■Z3«K 

■2;iV.» 

|!.  fiff 
*.!«» 

7.'.1 

%.  v,-i 

I  tn 

ITlWt 
i.  <((V 

i 

2 
1.3 
12 

fi 

37 
12 

1 

23 
5 
1 
K 
11 
15 

2 

5 

n 

M 
23 

19 

30 

9 

246 

June     1 

.'.79 

lifpf 

222 

(] 

,i„ 

'.117 

1 .  082 

10 
14 
15 
16 

2,  71  il 

Zoltoi 



874 
1,  107 

/oit„i                    

1.399 

20 
22 

1. 971 

1 .  283 

21 

/oitoi                              

518 

24 

Keef                         

7'.l« 

24 

29 

28 

July     1 

2.  054 

1,014 

2.  401 

1.  133 

2.  038 

7 

1    189 

3.  023 

8 

756 

18 

1.040 

21 

KiiMiqIi  Hiiv 

1,940 

22 

1 

801 

22 

3,  404 

24 

/oltoi                               

1,179 

20 

1.807 

2^' 

I.41H 

28 

3.815 

657 

Aug.  11 
18 
24 

Zoltoi 

do 

do 

20.'-) 

'         150 

118 

2(15 
150 
112 

.■|3 

2U5 

150 

e    , 

""tW 

li 

I1..M0' 

-,.u 

(W» 

xtn 
xm 

4 

1» 
ft3 

m 

133 

8 

3 

71 

2 

8 

8 

io 

10 

9' 

r, 

30 

118 

29 

Sei)t.    4 

11 

!          6U 

60 

17* 

77 

JBV 

.1 .  '!)«> 

193 

/oltoi                       

178 

18 
26 

105 

do              

77 

130 

Oct.      2 

1   "50 

1 ,  30b 

0  iiM 
5.* 

J.3.» 
3,  ll.» 

t.%n 

3,W2 

5,  083 

Kt 

896 

14 
16 

MH 

633 

17 

683 

17 

l{,.el"             ' 

1,158 

19 

Tnlrttoi           . 

3,  1,50 

21 

KiipliHli  liav          

3.  066 

2.  181 

2r» 

2, 142 

27 
28 

3, 042 
679 

28 
;(0 

do 

,  TolH*t)i                          

2.W2i 

495 
2,  992 

31 

30 

Nov.     7 
Dec.   19 

Kepf 

do 

do 

Total 

729 

047 

,    ;i  877    

708 
044 

21 

i 

729 

647 

3,877 

3.877       2.341 

7»,«a» 

2.  2911 

51 

7S.{i«i 

957 

81,803 

AI.A8KA    IN'Dl'STKIES. 

Ttthtei  ulidiiiiiy  hi  iMa'd  all  kUlbnj  of  fur  seals,  vli\ — Coiitiuued. 

IN7I. 
ST.  (JKOIiOK    ISLAND. 


367 


Dal  I'. 


I 
(i 
H 
il 

i:t 
1.') 
I" 

•jii 

24 
2ti 


.liilv 


1 

:i 

K 
10 
12 
14 
1') 
18 
20 
21 
2:! 
25 
27 
28 

;!0 


liuiiUi'iv. 


Seals  killiil  t'nr  Hl(iii8    !    ,,,  ,   , 

fur  hiHHees.  ■*  O''** 

killiMl 

for  nil 

,,,„„      .".. .,,  „         ""'■•'«  '  ■^•';,'"'  i  "r.'.'.'"       1""- 


S*'n\-\  killfd  I'nr  imtivcH'  fond. 

'■'"■ •■•■ 


I' 


Nwir 

Northeast 

Near 

Siiutlnvesl   liav 

Sta.iy  .Xlei'l 

SiHltllWe.sI    llav 

Niirtliern ' . 

Soiitliwent    Hay 

Ntir'tlreaHt      

Slarry  .\te.l 

Soutliweol    Kay 

NertlieiiHl 

Stariv  .\ti-el 

.Northern 

SoiithwertI    Day 

Starry  .Meet , 

.Soiilli\vt!f*l    liay , 

Northern 

do : 1,021 

SoiilhwfiHt   liay 481 

Northern ' 1,038 

do [ I,2li4 

Si.iithweKt   llav 484 

Norlhern '. ; 945 

.Southwest   liav •''42 

Norlhern '. "'J2 

1 do 1,054 

Slarry  .\leel 7:10 

SoiilliweKl  Hay 1,270 

I  Norlhern 8U:i 

Tulien  in  OiiokiT 2:i7  ,         2:t7    

I'ups  lor  Ibod 2, 11(10    


12.1 
1)8 

mi 

277  1 
322  ! 
301 
434  ! 
172  I 
518  i 
504 
208 
402 
,571  ; 
875  I 
303  I 
518  1 
012  i 
l,76il  : 


123 

08 

00 

277 

322 

3U1 

434 

172 

518 

594 

298 

402 

571 

875 

303 

518 

012 

1,709 

1, 021 

481 

1,038 

1,204 

484 

045 

542 

792 

1,054 

730 

1,270 

893 


I 


Total 2.  0!(0 


237 


237  18,830  18,830  21,157 


123 
98 
09 

277 
322 
301 
434 
172 
518 
S94 
298 
402 
571 
875 
303 
518 
012 
1,709 
1,021 
481 
1,038 
1,204 
484 
945 
542 
792 
1,054 
730 

1,  270 
893 
237 

2,  090 


TOT  VI  s  KOI!  ST.  I'.MI.  .\NI)  SI'.  liKOKC.  K  ISLANDS. 


l.sland. 


Sl.l'aul... 
St.  (leoiKe. 


Total. 


Sealx  killed  for  iialiveH  fimd. 


I'up, 


Seals  hilled  lor  ahins 
for  lessees. 


Total     of     haehelors 
killed,  ae.eepted.anil     <Tand 
rp.ject.'d.  /"V' 

killed 
for  all 


Hache- 


.Skins     Skius 


li:"l.-    ^^r    '')jr    naehe.     ^'^'^     «^''"'  „,.  ,,. 

''"•"•    ,..*led  ,ie.  led.     '"■•''■      eeptcd.  .jected.     '«"•    ;eepU-d.  .ieeted.    I'"'"'-^ 


pur- 


3,877     2,311 
2. 0'.W         2)7 


,  21M 
237 


51      75,  .585     74,028 
18,830  ,  18.830 


957 


77, 920 
19,  007 


70,018   1,008   hl,80:i 
10,007  21,157 


5.  007 


51   91,415  9:1.458    957   90, 993  i  95,985   1, 008  ;  11)2. 000 


368 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


Tables  nhowing  in  detail  all  kilUntj  of  fur  seals,  vU.—i'.outimuid. 

ST.  I'Afl,  ISL.VNl). 


Dat4^ 


SealH  killpil  for  natives'  food. 


Rodkerv. 


Pups. 


Hnclici- 

Illl-H. 


Skins 

111'- 
reptcd. 


SkiiiN 

re- 
jected. 


SealH  killed  lor  skins 

for  lesHeert. 


Hue  lie-  j 


Skins  j   Skins 

ae-     I      ro- 
cepfcd.  ..jectod. 


May  U 

u 

1!4 
June  1 
3 
5 
10 
11 
12 
13 
U 
15 
17 
19 
20 
21 
22 

24 

27 
28 


July    1 


Ang. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 

D(c. 

Kov  . 


Northeast  Point. 

Reef 

do 

.do. 


4r>r> 


4:V) 


'I'olHtni 

Reef 

Tolstoi  and  Kn^Iisli  ISav . 

■Soiit  Invest  Hay 

Zoltni  and  lieef 

Tolstoi  and  Kni;li»h  Hav. 
.do 


KeefandNortliea.st  Point 

Zoltoi 

Kn^lisli  Bav 

Reef. 


Liikannon 

Nortlieast  Point  and  Ke- 

tova 

Ri'ef  and  Zoltoi 

Kniflisli  Bay 

Tolstoi    anil    Nortlieast 

Foint 

Ketova  and  Liikannon  . . 
Zoltoi 


KnglisU  liay 

Zoltoi    and'     Noi'tlieast 

Point 

English  liav 

Zoltoi  and  Liikannon 

Knglish  liav 

Zoltoi  . 


Halfway  Point 

English  liay.  Liikannon, 

and  Northeast  I'oint  . . 

Zoltoi  . 


Knglish  Bav 
Zoltoi 


.do. 


Northeast  Point 

Zoltoi 

Northeast  Point 

Tolstoi 

Nortlieast  Point 

Zoltoi 

Liikannon 

Zoltoi 

do 

do 

Kn^'lish  Bav 

Zoltoi '. 

do 

Ketova 

Zoltoi,  Keef,  and  Liikan- 
non  

Tolstoi 

Northeast  Point 

do 

Reef 

Zoltoi 


10 

un 

7 
fill 

III 
161 
90 

118 

Oil 

4il0 

127 

Ml 

1,'.'84 


10 

no 

7 

S7 

;i 

IIL' 

151 

77 

2;i 
11 


Total . . 


r<.  121 


7r.« 

278 
283 
20!) 
l.lilC 
(102 

1 ,  0.'i7 
1.7.10 
4.714 

■10,1 

2,  828 
1,1  «0 
1,705 


5,  'til  5,  5^8 

010  910 

4.618  4.015 

li,  427  0,  424 

1.151  1,111) 

1,841  l,8:i9 

::,  205  ;i.  259 


C,  7B5 
;i,  139 
2,1171 
2.  :i2» 
1,110 
1,604 

7,388 

1,:I84 

2, 080 

638 

34 


0,  757 
3, 135 
2,060 
2,319 
1,113 


10 
22 
99 
107 
93 
400 
117 
74 


1, 658 

0 

'  7.383 

5 

1,369 

IS 

2,  070 

10 

628 

10 

10 

24 

753 

724 

1.286 

395 

004 

1,280 

66 

,391 

358 

60 

6 

46 

35 

763 

724 

1,286 

112 
126 

112 
426 

5  121 

0,916  ^ 

5.  365 

1.551 

69, 

782 

69 

576 

206 

81,819 

5 

227 

450 

759 

278 

203 

20!) 
1,016 

«l)2 
1,0.57 
1,730 
4,714 

395 
2,828 
1,109 
1,705 

5,  547 

910 

4,018 

0,427 
1.151 
1,841 
3,  263 

0, 765 
3, 139 
2,071 
2,  329 
1,116 
1,664 

7,388 

1,384 

2,  080 

038 

84 

10 

119 

7 

90 

3 

114 

161 

99 

122 

118 

«3 

490 

127 

91 

1,284 
753 
724 

1,286 
112 
426 

5, 121 

81,819 


,  1 

i 


AI>A8KA    INIMj'STKIES. 

Tahleii  Bhowiny  in  lUlail  all  killing  of  fur  mala,  (7c.— ('oiitiinic<l 

tHVi. 
ST.  {',V,01U;V,  ISLAM). 


361) 


Diitii. 


Junit  3 
5 
8 
10 
11 
11 
12 
12 
15 
15 
17 
19 
19 
19 
22 
22 
22 
24 
24 
25 
25 
27 
28 
29 
20 

July     1 

2 

:i 

4 
5 
« 

c 

1 
» 

0 
10 

11 

12 
14 
15 

15 
17 

18 
19 
20 
22 
22 
23 
25 
25 
25 
27 
27 
27 
27 


Uookery. 

Seals 

l'll|IH, 

killid  to 

HiMtho- 
lors, 

•  natives 

Skins 

ae- 
eeptud. 

'  food. 

Skins 

ro- 
.ieotcd. 

Seals 

i 

Httclie- 
lors. 

killed  to 

ir  lotiBee 

Skins 

oc- 
cejited. 

140 
26 
49 
162 
81 
175 
98 
61 
140 
188 
405 
300 
212 
261 
800 
:i49 
701 
261 
629 
500 
337 
805 
400 
560 
643 
981 
454 
431 
245 
641 
300 
574 
274 
718 
367 
300 

r  skins 

Skins 

re- 
jected. 

Total 
kiUed 
for  all 
piir- 
Iioses, 

,South\veHt  Hay 

140 
26 
49 
162 
81 
175 
98 
61 
140 
188 
405 
300 
212 
261 
860 
340 
701 
261 
620 
500 
.■137 
805 
400 
580 
043 
981 
4,54 
431 
245 
641 
300 
,574 
274 
718 
367 
300 
610 
1  412 

1          140 

Nortli ■ 

Eiist 



........ 

49 
102 
81 

175 
08 
CI 
140 
188 
405 
300 
212 
201 
800 
349 
701 
261 
029 
500 
337 
805 
400 
500 
043 
981 
454 
431 

Soiitliwdrtt  Hay 

North 

.Starry  A  liMd 

Soiitliwt'Mt  Bay 

1 

KaHt  

StHiTv  Al4*el 

, 

Nortli 

East 

North 

j 

SoiithwcMt  Huy 

East 

North 

1 

Stiirrv  Atei'l 

j 

Soutliwrnt  Jiay 

1    

KilHt 

\...."' } 

Stiirry  Atwl  

1          ■■       ■ 

Nortfi 

■                      i 

:                i 

North 

1 

Starry  A  t4M-I  

1                1 

.Soutl'iweHt  Itav 

EaHt ' ' -       1 . 

Nortli 

:              1 



Starry  Atcol  

i 

Sciutliwortt  Hay 

i 

245 
041 

300 
574 
274 
718 
367 
.■100 
010 

1,412 
482 

1,  332 
600 
583 
770 

East ' 

Starry  Ateol  

...     . 

Soutliwr'Ht  Hay 

■■  ". 

North ■ 

East 

Starry  At4!0l  

Nortfi 

Ka.f  t 

1 

610    

1,412    

482    

1   332 

SouthweHt  Hay 

■    "    ! 

Xorth 

i 

482 

1,332 

600 

5^1 

East 

Starry  Ateel 

. 

'eoo 

Norll'i 



East 

Starry  Ateol  

.575           ,575    

1,171       1,171   ' 

400  ,        400    

OIH)  '        600    

32(^         320    

703           703    

300           31)0    

400           400    

252           252    

350           350    

85             85    

200           200    

227           227    

Southwest  Hay 



1   171 

East ' 

::::::"  ■■:":': 

Starry  Atrel 

North 

703 

Starry  Atccl  

East' 

400 

North 

252 

East 

350 

North 

1 ! 

85 

1       1 

200 

227 
2  000 

Killed  I'or  iiativLs'  food.. 

2,  000 

.1  





Total 

2,  000 

25, 000 

25  000 

"7  000 

1 

1 

TOTALS  I'OIJ  ST.   I'AI'I,   AM)  ST.  (iEOKC.E  ISLANDS. 


I.xlaud. 


Seals  kilhii  for  natives'  focsl. 


Seals  killed  ...skins      ■'•^;|!„;i^  I;-;;;;;'";,:     Gra„a 
■       ■  •  '  total 


for  lessees. 


and  ri\|eeled. 


killed 
lor  all 


Puds    '-'"'he-  "^J,'"'    «*!,',"" ,  Itache-     «^''"'     ''':■»''    Haehe-  j   Ski>>8     Skins      j,,,^. 
'""■    ee,,t,.d.'.|eet<«l.^    '•"■"•      eepted.  .jeeted^     '""'    Lepteil.  Jected.    l"""'"' 


St.  Paul 5,121     6.910 

St.  Ucorgo 2, 000    


365 


1,. 551     69,782     69,  .570         '206     70, 698  j  74, 04 1      ],7.'i7       81,810 
, 25,  OW)     25,000    25, 000     25, 000    27,000 


Total 7,121     0,916  ;  6,365  !  1,551  |  94,782     94,570  ^       206   101,608  I  99,941  j  1,757     108,819 

"  H.  Doc.  92 24 


370 


ALASKA    INDIIHTKIKH. 


TubleH  nhuwiiKj  In  thiail  all  kiUiiiij  of  fur  8iah,  t/i'.— I'oiitiiiucd. 

ST.   I'All,   ISLAM). 


Seals  killt'cl  tnr  n;(ti\'t'H'  CimhI. 


Siial.s  killml  I'di  Hkin.s 

lor  IfVHHl'CS. 


Diito, 


J  line     II 

4 

6 

lU 

11 

i;i 
i:i 

Hi 
10 
lU 
18 

21 
21 
211 
21 
2li 
27 
27 
;iU 
Jiilv  1 


8 
9 
» 
U 
15 
1() 
17 
18 
11) 

19 
21 


Uo(ik<-i'\'. 


'  lllIH. 


Korf I. 

SoiitlnvcHt  |{a\ '. 

IIitI'  1111(1  'I'lilslcii 

.Soul  invent  J»;iv    

Ilccf  iiiHl  'I'liUloi 

ScilltllWI'Hl  lijviiiHl  i^iiK 

lish  Hay....' 

licrf  illul  /{illiii 

'I'lilslcii  1111(1  KimliHli  liriy.  . 

Ndi'tlica.st  ruin! 

T.ilslol 

Liikaniiuii   

Hcif 

Soiilliwcsl  Ifayrtiid  F.iii; 

li.Hli  liav 

/olKii 


10» 
104 


SkiiiH 
ac- 

(CMtcd. 


188 
Oil 


SkiiiH 
icetccl. 


Hndlio- 
lorM. 


8i);i 
7o:i 

9211 

2.  5117 
I.CUO 
2,  029 
;i,  •.'4't 
1,770 
077 
4115 


Total 
killed 

SkiiiH      Skill..      '■',"•,"" 

lie-      I      re-         .' '" 
ee,.t...l.',iecled.     '"'"'•''■ 


780 
700 
910 

2, 445  ' 
1,050 
2,0)0  I 
'•i.  242  I 
1,758  j 
Oflll  I 
455 


Norllieast  INiiiit 

Tolnldi  and  l•;ll^li^ll  Ha\  . 

KiiKlisli  l'':iv 

Keel'  an.l  TdUloi 

/(dtoi  and  l.iikaiilion 

N.irllica.-^l  I'diiil 

TulHl(d 

Lnkannoii  and  Zoltni 

T'(dnt(d 

Zoltoi 


(In 


Zultni  and  Tolstni  - 
do 


Noilliea.'it  Point . 

T'(>l8t(d 

Z(dt(ii 


Kimlisli  liav. 
Zidtoi  


Anu 


Sept 


Oct. 


Nov. 
Dee. 


LiikaniMiii.  Kctova,  and 

Zidlci  

Nortli'iinf  I'niiit 

Knjjisli  n       . 

l.iikaiiiMiii  .iiid  Keto\'a  . . 
do 


NoitlieasI  l'(nnt. 
/,(dt(d 


l.iikaiiiioii .  . .  .^  . . 

Zidtoi  

do 

do    

Southwest  Hay. . . 

Keto\'a 

do 

/(dtoi    

I'or  native^'  loud. 

Kec! 

(iailMitcli 


170 

I  OH 
9.-1 

1.5,-. 

110 

109 

122 
10 

104 
80 

154 


144 

47 


li 
24 

;io 
8:i 

72 

84 
122 

10 
104 

78 
145 


11,  040 
052 
:i,412 
1,8113 
1).  159 
2,210 

1,  147 
,5.020 
1,818 

2.  ;i,'t7 
1,0:)8 
2,212 

710 
1,510 
2,494 
0, 278 

925 
1,248 
1,  547 
l,,50l 

029 

1,047 
5,  090 

751 
1,979 

440 
2,727- 


ii,9in 

650 
3,410 
1,787 
3,  1117 
2,  191 
1,142 
,5,020  ' 
1,838  i 
2,322 
1.027  ' 
2.194 

094 
I,, 502 
2,485 
0. 270 

917 
1,228 
1,,540 
1 ,  553 

025 
i 
1,044  ' 
5,  0»0 

7.52 
1 ,  920 

140 


,489 


231 
207 


135 
242 


Total.... 


,090   1,108 


90 
25 

892 


7 
3 
4 

1,52 
10 
13 
1 
12 
14 
10 


10 
15 
11 
18 
10 
8 
9 
'I 

8 

20 
7 
8 
4 


2 
53 


103 
inl 
803 
703 
020 

2,  ,597 

1 ,  000 

2,  029 

3,  243 
1,770 

077 
465 

3,  940 
052 
3,412 
1,803 
3,  1.59 
2,210 

1,  117 
5,  020 
1,818 

2.  337 
1,938 
2.  212 

710 
1,510 
2,  49 1 
0,  278 

925 
1.248 
1,,547 
l,,5ai 

U2» 

1,047 

5,  090 
7,54 

1,979 
440 

2.  727 
179 
108 
95 
155 
119 
109 
122 
10 
104 
80 
151 

5,  489 
231 
207 


74,408  73,884 


524  ,  81,987. 


i 


l;i3 
lot 
8113 
70;'. 
»'J0 

H,  ,'>97 

1,000 

2,  0'J9 

3,  243 
1,770 

077 
465 

3,  940 
052 
3,412 
1,803 
3,  159 
2,210 

1.  117 
5, 020 
1,818 

2,  337 

1 ,  938 
2,212 

710 
1,510 

2,  4!)  I 
0,  278 

(125 
1,248 
1,,547 
1,,501 

920 

1,047 

5,  690 

754 

1,979 

440 

2,  727 

179 

168 

95 

155 

119 

109 

122 

10 

104 

80 

15t 

5,480 

231 

267 

81,987. 


ALASKA    INIJLSTUIE8. 

TaliliK  Hhiiirinij  in  detail  all  kiUimj  of  fur  Dcuhi,  c/r. —Coiitiuuod. 

iNr.-i. 

ST.  <iK(»K(lK  ISI,.\\T). 


371 


Dat)'. 

i{<M»k«T.V. 

\oriIi  .                 

StalMkilli^l  lo 

'  njitivcM 

Skills 

ac- 
oojttrd. 

■  f..Oll. 

SkliiH 

rB- 
Joctud. 

Seals  1 
f. 

llHclie- 

InrM. 

108 
240 
285 
100 
275 
300 
521 
378 
174 
313 
598 
870 
180 
499 
195 
241 
301 
493 
310 
108 
332 
.504 
502 
517 
743 
016 
690 
974 
002 
474 
345 
337 
480 

1.  097 
913 

1,3.59 

1,810 
513 
889 

1,710 
600 
58,8 

1,,528 

ullid  tor  skins 
ir  l*'HS('(m. 

Skina  ,  Skins 

ao-     1     re- 
eeptuil.  JnrtiMl. 

198    

240    

285  ] 

190      

275    ..   

300  : 

521  1 

378    

174  1 

313    

.590    

870    

180  : 

490    

195    

241  ; 

301    

403  ! 

310  1 

108        

'iiilal 

killr.l 

I'lir  all 

)tiir- 

pOHOS. 

1. 

198 

240 
285 

n 

0 

10 

Knxt  iind  Starry  .\tefil... 

191 
275 

12 

Noiili 

30(1 

13 

521 

10 
17 

Niirllianii  Starry  .\lccl 

Soiit  liw<'«t  Itiiv 

378 
174 

19 

Ijist                ...". ...                     .      ... 

313 

21 

590 

21 

870 

23 

i:a»t       . .        '      

1811 

24 

499 

25 

195 

26 

Kttst ' 

241 

27 

301 

28 
30 

Starr)'  .\  Um-I  at:<l  Ni>rtli 

193 
310 

30 

EnMl  

KiH 

July     2 

3 

Starry  .Mii'l 

332    

.504    

502    

517  ' 

743    

<10    

690    

974    

602    

474  , 

345    

337    

480    

1.097  1 

913  1 

1,359  ' 

1,810    

513    

889    

1,710    

000    

588 
1,528    

332 
504 

4 

KaMi   

592 

5 

517 

8 
H 

KilHt * 

016 

0 

690 

11 

K;iHt    

974 

■ 

602 

12 
13 

Starry  A(»*til  aixl  N'ulli.. 
Kant  " 

1 



474 

345 

11 
16 
17 
18 
20 
21 

Soiitliwi'Ht  Itay 

Starry  \Uv\  and  Nortli ! 

337 
480 

SoiithwcHt  \U\\ ' 

Stiirrv  At  pel  iiiid  Niiitii 1 

Ka-tt 

913 
1,  :),59 

i,HIO 

23 

Sniitliwi'Ht  HftV 

1 

513 

23 

Starrv  Ati  *'l. 

1                      1 

889 

25 

KnHt                    

1,710 

26 

SniiU'west  Hay        • . . . 

000 

28 

Starry  Atocl 

,588 

28 

KaHt ' 

1,,528 

Pii)t.*  killed  for  food 

Total 

2  1 90    .                 

2.  190 

,     U,1»0    

25.  000 

2.5,000  ; 

1 

27.  190 

TdTAI.  KOk  nl'.   TAI'I.  .\N"1>  ST.  (IKOItdK  ISLANDS. 


i»    Steals  killc'il  fur  iialivi's'      i  Si'als  killril  tor  skins 
I  food.  j  t'lir  IcMHces. 


Total  i,(  liacliclorH 
killi'd,  ac'ce])lcd,  iiud 
I  ri'jcirliHl. 


Inland. 


'- 1- 

Sl.  Paul '  5,489     2,090 

.St.Cc,  r(<n 2.190    


CfFand 

Icilal 
killed 

:  Skins    Skins '  Skins     Skins       ..,„„.  ■  Skins     Skins  ;  ';;->' 

'•"■'^-    ceptrd.  .imtcd.     ''"•"•      rept.d.  .jcctcd.     '"■■"•     I  repted.  jerted.:  ■"»'™- 


TdIbI '  7,079     2,000 

I 


1,198 


802     74,408     73,884         .524  >  76,498  [  75,082  I  1,416       81,987 
2,5,000     2.5.1100    25,000  125.000    27,190 


1,198 


802  99,408   98.884    524  ,  101, 498  100,082  1,410  i  109, 177 


372 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


Tublen  iihuiriiKj  in  lielail  all  killing  of  fur  neuls,  clc, — Coutinued, 

1N74. 
ST.  I'AUL  ISLAND. 


UHtll. 


Aug 


Sept. 


Oct. 


N.,v. 
l»er. 


:i 

4 
4 

(• 
8 

n 

0 
10 
10 
13 
14 
15 
1« 
16 
17 
17 
23 
28 

3 

i;i 
i; 

20 
31 

7 
10 
2.T 

1 

19 
2!) 


SeiilH  kniuit  lor  iiiiIIvih'  fond, 


ltl>ok(MV. 


I'lipB. 


Uaihc- 
lorH. 


SkiiiH 

ar- 
IL'ptL'll. 


SkiiiH 

re- 
.lecttMl. 


SoaU  killed  for  Mtm 
for  loKHei'H. 


IIhcIhv 
lorH. 


I  SkliiH     SkiiiH 

Hc-  nv 

ut'ptutl.  juutod. 


Northeast  I'oinf. 

Soiitlnvi'Ht  liav.. 

l!«.l  

do  

ilo 

Smitliwi'st  liny.. 

Keel' 


14 
400 
340 
:!01 
217 


ToUloiand  Kii);liHli  Ila.y. 

\nrllica.'<t  I'oiiil 

RboI'  and  Zolliii 

Siiiitliwcst  Itaviiiid  1  lie- 

liHh  Hay....' 

TolMto? 


400 
333 
300 
21U  1 


14 


.1. 


linol'  niid  (iarlidlcli 

Soiilliwi'Ht  Itayaiid  Kii^ 

IImIi  Hay. 

TolHtoi 

NorllicaHt  Point 

Keel'  and  Zollid 

KiikIIhIi  May  and  'rnlstoi 
'/mIui'i  . 


Soiitliwi'Ht  and  IJiifiliHli 
hay.i 

Znltoi  an<l  Ltikannoii 

Niirtlii'anl  I'oint 

/ollid  ancT  Lukannon 

KnKli>*)i  Hay 

llccf  and  Zoltoi 

Kutova  and  hnkaniuju  .. 

Xoillicast  I'oinI 

Z(dl(d  and  Tolstoi 

Kn^liHli  Hay  and  Tolstoi. 

Keel',  /oltoi,  and  Lnkan- 
non  

T(d»toi 

Lnkannon 

Z(dloi 


Kn^lish  Hay 

KniiliHli  Hav  and  Tol.sto 
Zoltoi  . 


Tolstoi  and  Lukannon. 
Zi>ltoi  . 


N'orthi'ast  I'oint 

TolHt(d  and  Lukannon . 

KiiKlish  liay 

Z.dtol . 


Lukannon  and  Kotova  . 
Zoltoi . 


Lukannuu  

Northeast  Point 

Tolstoi 

Zoltoi 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Kc-f . . 
do 

I'ups  lor  natives 


2, 305 
538 
550  ! 

4,002 
030 

1.808 
034  I 
540 

1,982 
022 

4,737  I 
801  I 

2,689  \ 
474 

3,419 
3,  033 
7,217 
3, 082 
3,270 
1,021 
1,321 
8,172 
1,212 
2,  209 

2,  021 
1,538 

538 
3,014 
1,504 
2,702 
1,987 
1,580 

432 

3,  307 
1,004 
2, 109 

475 

1.000 

008 

,533 

4,004 


17  Iteef., 


4,  8il7 


130 

127 

167 

ia5 

112 

112 

107 

104 

131 

124 

89 

74 

201 

122 

107 

91 

103 

108 

174 

117 

179 

44 

175 

118 

236 

196 

2,  301 
538 
556 

4,  (162 
038 

1,807 
034  , 
54U 

1, 982  ! 

CL'O 
4,  724 

880 

2,  689 
474 

3,415 

3,  033 
7,  212 
3,  977  ! 
3,  26H 
1.913 
1,321 
8,120 
1,212 
2,208 

2,  610 
1,537 

536 

3,  014 
1,  564 
2,702 
1,987 
1,580  , 

432 
3,  367 
1,064 
2, 169 

475 
1,094 

668 

527 
4,004 


3 

7 
15 
79 

106 
55 
57 

135 
57 
40 


1,  54l        1, 474 


67 


13 


43 

"i 

5 
1 
2 


Total 
killed 
tor  all 
jnir- 
jioses. 


10 

404 
340 
301 
217 

2, 395 
538 
556 

4,062 
631' 

1,898 
634 
540 

1,982 
622 

4, 737 
801 

2, 689 
474 

3,419 

3,  033 
7,217 
3,  0«2 
3,  270 
1,021 
1,  321 
8,172 
1,212 
2, 209 

2,621 

1,538 

638 

3,014 

1,564 

2, 702 

1,087 

1,  .580 

432 

3, 367 

1,664 

2, 160 

475 

1,099 

668 

533 

4,004 

130 

167 

112 

107 

131 

89 

201 

197 

163 

174 

179 

175 

236 

4,897 

1,541 


Jill 


Jul 


St. 
S(. 


Total 4,897       4,874       4,225  1 


649     88,368  |  88,2.58 


110  !    98,130 


10 

4U4 
84U 
:)0l 
217 

2,  ;iiiri 
5:i8 
r)r)0 

4,on2 
u;ii' 

1, 8118 
U»4 
&4U 


ALASKA    INDTISTRIKR. 
Tables  showing  in  detail  all  killing  of  fur  evals,  (<o.— Continued. 

ST.  (iKOKC.K  ISLAM). 


373 


Steals  killiMl  for  iintlvcm'  tmid. 


SoiiIh  killi'il  I'lir  HkliiH 

tnr  ll'MHI'fH. 


July 


Stjirry  Atri'l  aiirt  N'ortli 
SoiitliwtHt  liny 


KaHt 

Starry  Atei'l mid  Ninth. 

ICnHt " 

Stiirrv  AtiM'liiml  Niirlli. 

Soiitliwi'st  Itay 

Starry  AtcM'laiiil  N'urtli. 

KlIHt 


Kkina     Skii  < 
ao-  ri>- 

I.tO.1.    JBCllMl.       I'"™" 


Tnlal 

killi'il 
I'nriill 
piM-. 


Starry  A  till  ami  Niirtji. 

KaHt' 

.(In 


Kast  and  Xorlli. 

KaHt  

Starry  Atci'l 

Snntliwf.st  liay. . 
Ka 


Ht 


KaHt  and  Noitli 

KaHt 

North 

Pups  killed  lor  food '.',  44(1 

Total 2,4)0 


l.-.l 

2."i() 
17(1 

;i5i 

178 


««(•. 
8011 
71)2 
(HI 
."lis 

2(i:i 
d:!4 
.'ifia 

411 

871 
778 
U4U 
1!)U 


50  ' 
81 

iin 

154 
250 
nil 
354 

178 
1178 
57.''. 
080 
8110 
792 
041 
.')48 

2o;i 

008 
411 

871 
778 
(140 
150 


no 

81 
11(1 
l.-il 
2'iO 
170 

■.m 

178 

;i78 

.'■>7.'i 
OHii 
800 
702 
0)1 

2(i;i 

514 
508 
411 
871 
778 
040 
l.lll 
2,  440 


10,000     10,000    12,440 


TOTAL  FOR  ST.  PAITL  AND  ST.  GEORGK  ISLANDS. 


2,021 
1,538 
538 
3,011 
1,504 
2, 702 
1,087 
1,  .WO 
432 
3, 307 
1,004 
2, 1(>« 
475 
1,009 
068 
533 
4,004 
130 
107 
112 
107 
131 
81) 
201 
197 
103 
174 
179 
175 
230 
4,8»7 
1,  541 


iHliind. 


Seala  killed  for  natives' 
food. 


linrhe    Skins    Skins 
Pups,  "n"''"^-     ac-    I    re- 
''^'^-   cpptod.  jected. 


si.aiskiiiedior.kinK:'''';^;]j,,;te:^;;;!;;;>;- :,;,,,,,, 

'    total 


for  leHHeOH. 


rejuiMed. 


Baclio- 
lorn. 


Skins     Skins 

ar-  re- 

cepted.   jected. 


Bache- 
lors. 


:  killi.il 

I  Skins  I  Skinn  i  ';';;,f 

IK-.  H'-       I    J 

eepti-d.  .iiMliM.   I"'"'-- 


St.  Paul 4,897     4,874:  4,225  j      049  ;  88, 308     88, 2.-i8         110!  93.242     92.483 


St.tieorcu. 
Total. 


2,  446  1 ' ■ !  10,000  1  10,000    |  10.000      10.000 

7,343  ,  4,874     4,225         049     98,308  i  98,258         110  1 103, 242    102,483 

I  i  I  I  I  i  I  I  I 


7u9       98,  i;;9 
12.140 


759      110, 58,-) 


374 


I)at«. 


.Iiiii.      I 

Ivh.     Ill  I 
ID  I 
17 
7 

lU 
II 
IH 
24 
.'11 
I 

1 

S 


Mav 


.Iiiiii' 


7 
111 

I'J 
IJ 
14 
Hi 
lU 
17 
IK 

111 
111 

•CI 

iiii 
•jii 

IIII 


.liilv 


Alu 


Sept. 


Oct. 
Nov 


Dim 


H 

B 
111 
10 
1!! 
14 
15 
1« 
16 
17 
-2 
58 

4 

14 
21 

2 

12 
21 

;in 

12 

T) 
17 
•Jll 


ALASKA    INIMTSTinr.S. 
Tahlm  Mhoifing  in  detail  all  killing  of  fur  ucalu,  c/c.  — Ctiiitliiiieil. 

sr,   I-AII,  ISl.ANIl. 


KiHtliiirN , 


Si'uIh  klllitl  liir  iiHliMs'  IdiHl 


'  IiirH. 


(or  I('MM«»I'S.  .     l!"' 

killtil 

Skins   sKins  „„„,,„   Skins  j  ski„»   ';;;;;"' 

c    .ilr.l.    jiMl...!.       ^'"^"^     (OiiI.mI.    .Inled.     '""''"• 


■ 


II 
[) 
lU 
4118 
U 
211 

I4:i 
«ri7 

4U2 


n  ! 

t)  1 

Ill  

4  Hit 

II    

11    . . 

211    1 

14;( 

a:,o 

1      1 

41)2    .. 

1,201 
21 W 
ll!)2 
711 

l.Mli 


Nortticimt  I'dinI 

Ill) 

do 

ill. 

Sonthwt'Ht  Hiiy 

Niiitliiimt  I'diiit 

di. 

Unef 

d 

do.... 

I'.n^'lisli  Itay  and  South 
wpst  liav 

Tidsini    ..' 

/idlol  anil   TcdHlui 

/oltoi  and  Kii  I' 

Sontliwi'st  I'>ay 

N'ortliraMt   Toint 27 

Kni;liHli  Kav,  SoutliHi'Kt  , 

liav, Tolstoi i.^r.a 

Ki'i'laiiu  /nlliii (lai 

Nciillicast  I'oint 4.lili.'> 

'I'cdsini  and  IjikMbIi  Uav 7:ill 

llallwav  I'oini ' 2.  11.'. 

Tolstoi  and  liccl' 7il7 

T/iikaiinon 4.'i2 

Sonlliwint  Uav,  Kiiiilisli 

llav ■ :i.  11(13 

Z4dtol l,;)ti;i 

Noil lirast  I'oint r).252 

Tolstoi i,«au 

Zolli>i 1,  1,'iU 

KnL'lisli  liay H,  iiilii 

I.nkaiinon. 2112 

N'oitliinst  I'ldiil 7,;i4lt 

Southwi.st  liav 4,047 

Ui'cf ' l.r.27 

Zoltni  and  Kii);li»li  Hay 3,  027 

laikanniin,  Kclova   /ol. 

toi 2,M4 

Xoithcasl  I'oint ,1,024 


1,1  lilt 
2ii:i 
(1112 
710 

1.,'JIIO 
27 


Ziiltol  and  I.itkannon. .  ■ 

Kimlisl;  lia> 

T'idstoi  and  Mn^tisli  lia^- 


1,  248 
3,  3711 

2.  (1113 


l.iik.'innon  and  Krtova 1,  12f) 


6, 1»37 

1,  sor. 


Norilirasl  I'oinI 
/.olloi 

TolHtoiand  KiiKlisii  Jiay ],8III 

laikannonand  Kitova '  748 

Kn^lidli  Hay 2,700 

Zolloi 1 1,20') 

Nortlicast  I'oint 1 7,439 

Zoltoi ; 5,17 


do 

do 

Kt'toN'a 

Zoltoi 

....  do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Tolstoi 

Sonlliwpsi  liay 

I'njis  kilU'tl  for  lood. .. 

Norllii'ast  I'oint 

ToUtoi 


•J'otal. 


1,450 
031 

4, 052 
73!l 

2,  115 
707 
452 

3,  300 
1.30  1 
5,  2.12 
1,830 
1.149 
3.  007 

202 
7,  323 
4,03fl 
1,.52U 
3.925 

2,  .134 
5,  020 
1,248 

3,  3«.1 
2, 093 
1,12.1 
5,  937 
1,505 
1,810 

740 
2.700 
1,205 
7,  439 

557 


159 

1.19 

192 

101 

MO 

119 

210 

101 

143 

78 

146 

41 

ir.  i 

03 

115 

15 

172 

155 

.  two 

1.049 

24 

21 

109 
65 

105 
90 
60 
17 
41 


3,  745 


11 
694 


11 
694 


3,  745   (1,  282 


4!l.<   81,033   84,860 


I 


2(1 
11 


n 
u 

10 

498 
I) 
20 
143 
0.17 
492 

1.201 
203 
U92 
711 

1,.100 
27 

1,450 
031 

4,  065 
739 

2,  115 
7o7 
452 

3,  .303 
1,363 
.1,  252 
1.830 
1,150 
3,  (100 

282 
7,34B 
4,047 
1,.127 
3, 927 

2,S34 

5,  024 
1,  248 
:i,  370 
2,093 
1, 125 
5,937 
1,565 
1,810 

748 

2,70(1 

1,205 

7.  439 

6.17 

159 

235 

192 

159 

210 

143 

146 

1.13 

IIS 

172 

1,990 

24 

3,  745 

15 

094 


04,96(1 


20 
0 

u 

10 

4'.W 
II 

I4:i 

«:,7 

4'.t'.' 
1.201 

•jiia 

UU2 

711 

l.DflO 

27 

1,450 
(i:il 

4,  oori 
7;iit 

2, 1  in 
7u7 
4(>2 

;t,  ;i()') 
i,:iti:i 
T>,  2r.2 
i,8:iu 

1,150 
3,009 
2H2 
7,^41* 
4,U47 
1,527 
3,927 

2,534 

6,024 

1,248 

3,  370 

2,093 

1, 125 

6,937 

1,505 

1,810 

748 

2,700 

1,205 

7.  439 

657 

159 

235 

192 

159 

210 

1411 

140 

ir,:i 

115 

172 
1,9110 

24 
3,745 

15 

mi4 


ALASKA    IN'DIISTRIKH. 

TuhlvH  Hhiiivhiil  ill  ihliiil  lilt  hiHiiiil  iij'/iir  hvhIk,  </(■.—( '(iiitiliiif<l. 
HT.  liKdltliK  ISI, AMI 


SruUkill,..!  I,„„„IIv,s(„,mI.     '    «i'»lt.l<lll'ill"l-«l<l»'< 

till'  ll'HHri'A. 


375 


Dnii' 


J  mil'    1     .StnrryAt^inl  mill  North. 

0  ' ilii 

II   I   KllMt 

14     Stnriv  Atn'laiiilNiirlli. 

10  I  KuMt'. 

IH  '  .Stiiirv  AttMliiiiilNdrtli. 


'•"1-  'tl;:' 


SkiiM        .SUIllM       |j|.,.|.|,        SkillH        SklllH 

rc|ili'il,    JccliMJ,       ""    '      ci'iitcil.    Jelled. 


3ii2 
2.'iO 
177 
3117 
:).5H 
■Mi 


;in-j  

i-'.'iil  .... 

177  .... 

:;o7  .... 

ll.'iH  . . . 

;i3 1  . . . . 


19     Siiiilliwo.st  liny i 1,1.'!I4  1,291 

23  I   Kiisl  ' !  Cdil  ilitll  . . . 

24  SliiriyAteel  mill  NipFIli ,'ilo  I'ln  ... 

2H  ,    I'Jlrtt I  (|'.I2  IIII2  ... 

30     SliiiTV  Atceliiiiil  NOrlli i  1.412  1.112  ... 

July     5  I  Kii»t I  717  717  ... 

7  Miiirv.\tfinliiiiclNi)rtli '  l.oil)  l.mii  .    . 

12  I  Knxt. '  1,1173  i,(i7:i  ... 

14  \  Noltll ortl  iH t! 

17    .1.1 177  177  ... 

Killeil  Cdi'  liMiil 1,500 


'I'liliil 
killnl 

lor 
Jill  pni' 

|MI.1t'H. 


302 
2,'ill 
177 
11117 
3,W 
334 

1,294 
W 
5411 
0!12 

1.412 
717 

1,019 

l,07:i 
1170 
177 

L.^'OO 


Total ^    1,,500    10,000     111,0(111 

I  I 

TOTAI,  you  ST,  I'.MI.   .\NII  SI'.  ( ;  KdlM  1 1:  IShANHS. 


II,. '.00 


.SiMils  killeil  I'm-  natives'         Svidn  killeil  I'm- .si, 

I'lMlll. 


i.slunil. 


llH  Killeil  r„f  .skins  'rylHl  "I'  iMielielms 

I'uMlie  lessees.  kllleil,  aeirpleil,  anil 

le|eel«lil. 


11. .,.1,       SklllH     Skills      11  ,    , 

'■"I"-.  '  ?L"    III'  '  I'l-    '"'■'" 

'""*'    r..i,t...l.,l.!cte.l.      '■"■"' 


.Skins     skills 


li.'ielli 


!^... 


SklllH  I  Skins 
,  ae-      (      re- 

eepleil,  .ieelell.  repleil.    jeeleil. 


SI.  I'niil I3.7-I.'i     0.2S2     ."i,  7HI         VM     ,s4.  IKI,'!     H4,8<i0 

SI,  (ieortje 1,500    10,000     In,  000 


111,  21.".     (lii.f.U         571 
lU.  Oilil      10,  Oiiu    


Tnl 
kill 

III 
■il 

•III 

1  ir- 

J.l.s 

es. 

'M, 

ono 

11, 

."lUil 

Total 5,245     0,282     5.784         4il«     ill,  033     9l,80o 


73    101,215    100,1144 


571      lOU,  4t)0 


I 


A 


37G 


ALASKA    INDUSTIMFS. 
Tablfs  thowitifi  ill  detail  all  killing  of  fur  xenh,  c/r.— roiitlmied. 

ST    TAfl,  ISI.AXT). 


Uookory. 

Seals  killed  for  natives 

foiHl. 

Skins 

II'- 
.ici-li'd. 

17 

Seals  killed  for  skins 
for  lessees. 

Total 
killed 

Date. 

I'llpS. 

Haolio- 
lors. 

Skins 

ac 
oopted. 

897 
223 
288  ' 

]ia<lie. 
lors. 

Skins      Skins 

ae-            ir- 
cepted.  .jeeted. 

j 

tor 
all  pur. 
poses. 

.Tan     1 2 

Tolstoi 

914 
223 
189 

014 

May  .U 

SoiithwcHt  iliiv 

Iie«*t' 



1 

223 

1 

1 

189 

836 

836 
673 
468 
566 
184 
1..585 
868 
811 

1,  5o9 
2,641 
3, 120 
2. 1142 
3,161 

480 

10, 696 

862 

3,017 

1,442 

11,495 

2,  644 
2,846 
2,  2li7 
2. 126 
8,116 
2,  039 
1.974 

53 
1,040 
■J.  677 

836 

673    

468    

566  

183  ■            1 
1,585    

868    

811    

1,609    

2,041    

3,120  : 

2.942    

3,161    

480    

i 
10,690    

802    

3,017    

1,442    

11,495  1 

2,644  ' 

2,846    

2.207    

2.126    

8.116    

2. 039    

1.974    

53    

1.040    

3,677    

II 

■' 

673 

TolHtoi 

468 

H 

566 

HI 

Znltoi 

181 

11 

i:i 

NoltllCHBt  I'llilll 

Zoltiii 

1,585 
868 

14 

Hallway  I'ttiiit     .  . . 

811 

Tolstoi,  /olloi    I'rrl'     ... 

1,509 

Soiitliw est  11 IV  ...     .        

2,  641 

17 

Noi'tlicast  I'ltiiit 

3,  120 

'iO 

/oltoi 

2,  942 

21 

Tolrttoi 

3,  161 

22 

/oltoi 

48U 

•24 

Kiiplittli  May  ami  Nonli- 

10,696 

862 

26 

Zoltoi 

2S 

KiiKlisli  Hill 

3,017 

29 

Zoltoi 

1,442 

July      1 

Tolstoi    anil   Noillii'asl 
I'oint 

11,495 

4 

Tolstoi  and  Ki'tova 

2,014 

ilo 

2.  846 

7 
8 

Kn;;lisli  Hay 

2, 267 
2, 120 

H 
10 

.Noitliiast  I'oint 

Zoltoi 

8,116 
2  039 

13 

Kn^-lishHIII 

Zoltoi 

1,974 
53 

2U 

ilo 

1.040 

Auk.    1 

10 

3,677 

Zoltoi 

120 
134 
215 
179 
13U 
133 
14(i 
133 
130 
J2U 
1H3 
«3(i 
(lli5 

120 
129 
207 
163 
50 
9 

'"'"37(i 
127 

120 

17 

Kctova 

5 

8 

16 

80 

124 

146 

13:i 

136 

120 

163 

260 

1>38 

134 

•-'3 

do 

215 

Sciil.    1 

Zoltoi 

179 

11 

130 

l'.l 

Zoltoi 

133 

28 

do 

146 

Ocl.      « 

do 

133 

It 

do 

130 

18 

do 

120 

31 

Tolnloi 

: 

103 

Niiv.  24 

036 

24 

do ' " 

005 

l'«l'"<  kiil«d  lor  food 

Tolstoi 

3,  958 

3,  9,58 

Dw.    15 

8^5 

575 

250 

8''5 

Total 

3,  958 

5,  ooi 

3, 061 

1,997 

74, 138 

74, 137               1 

1 

83, 157 

ST,  r.KOKfiE  ISLAND, 


June    1  North : 415 

8  Starrv.\teel  and  North 372 

12  Kast" 388 

14  Sou'littist  liav 59.1 

15  StarrvAtiel  and  North i  784 

22  East' 1)81 

J5  Starry  Ateelaiul North , 2.007 

27  Kast". 1 1,168 

29  Starry  .Vteeland  North i 1,023 

July     3  East' i ,  1,259 

6  Starry  Aleel    1 1,027 

7  KasI  ! 317 

Tups  for  food 1.500    


415 

372 

388 

599 

784 

,581 

2.  067 

1,168 

1,  023 

1,259 

1,  027 

317 


415 
372 
388 
599 
784 
581 
067 
108 
023 
259 
027 
3.7 
500 


Total !,,500 


10,000      10,000    11,, 500 


«u 
22:1 

1 8'.) 

8:i« 

67:1 

4U8 

566 

184 

1,58.') 

868 

811 

l,5U9 

2,  641 

1).  120 

2,  «42 

;i,  161 

48U 


]l,4i)5 
2.614 
2,846 
2,  267 
2,  120 
8,116 

2,  0:!!) 
1,974 

511 
1,046 
a,  677 
126 
i;!4 
215 
179 
1:10 
13;t 
146 
VM 
i;i6 
120 

i6;t 

6:16 
065 

3,  01)8 
825 


4l,''i 
:i72 

;iK8 

590 

784 

2,  (167 
1,188 
1,02:1 
l,2,'i9 
1,027 
:i!7 

\,rm 

11,500 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 

Tahlen  showing  in  detail  all  killing  of  fur  seals,  f'c— Continued. 

1876. 
TOTAL  FOR  ST.  PAUL  AND  ST.  GEORGE  ISLANDS. 


377 


Seals  killwl  for  natives'  food. 


Senis  killed  for  skins  '  J^"}f  °L!j?^I'.';'"" 


lor  lessees. 


killed,  accepted,  ;ind 
rejected. 


Island. 


Pons  iHnc'i- 
*"P"-;elor8. 


ceptcd.  jected. 


StPiinl I  3,958  '  5,001 

St,Gcorg(< I  1,,'iOO  ' 


Total I  5,458 


5,061 


i 
Skins    Skins 


re.     ;  «»^-  1      a... 


Skins  ;  Skins  I 


elors. 


re- 


3, 084     1,  907  1  74, 138  '  74, 137 
, '  10,000     10,000 


cepted.  jected, 
1 


i  Total  :  Total 
nacli-  :  skins  skins 
elors.  '     ac-  ro- 

cepted.  jocted. 


79,199  '  77,201      1,998 
10,000      10,000 


Total 
killed 
fur  all 
pur 
])OHes. 


83, 1.57 
11,500 


3,  004     1, 997  I  84, 138  1  84, 137 


1  I  89,199     87,201  i  1,098  j     94,857 


isrr. 

ST.  PAUL  ISLAN'D. 


]{ook(^ry. 

Seals  killed  for  natives 

'  no«i,.,  1  Skins 

P'-P"-       l^rs     '      "«•. 
'""■     ceptcd. 

'  food. 

Skins 

re- 
jected. 

10 

Seals  killed  foi 
lor  lessee 

skins 

Total 
killed 
lor  all 
pur- 
poses. 

Date. 

liache- 
lors. 

Skins      Skins 

ac           re- 
cepted.  je('tcd. 

May   22 

iJeef 

342 

332 

342 

MB 

do 

...  . 

548 

709 

1,  705 

449 

1,  005 

1,647 
1,507 
1,094 
1,013 
1,458 
1,631 
1,172 
1,224 
6,965 
1,050 
1,250 
430 

2,  020 
1,401 
2,166 
1,917 
6,449 
1,849 
1,534 
2,522 
2,275 
1,113 
5,800 

495 
2, 086 
2,172 
1,068 

540              2 

' 

.Sontliwi'st  l!ay  and  Kiig- 
lislilSav 

1              • 

7i;8  i           3            799 
1.  60(j               9         1  7115 

9 

ilo.    .' 

12 

Hiof 

440  1            3             449 
1.092                 :i           1   (Kt5 

13 

IluKway  Point 

14 

English  liay  and  Soiitli- 

1,047    1  047 

15 

1 

1,506               1          1,507 
1,092               2  1       1,094 
1,011               2  1       1,013 

1,458    ;       1,458 

1,031    1       1  031 

18 

Zoltoi 

j 

18 

do 

1 

19 

Tolstoi 

20 

.Sonthwe.Mt  Hay 

21 

1,172    1,172 

1  'J>4       1  ''24 

22 

Halfway  l^oiiit       

23 

Northeast  Point 

5,905    5[965 

1   050        .                   1  050 

23 

Tolstoi 

25 

Zoltoi    

1  250    1  250 

26 

1 

430    430 

27 

Tolstoi     ...               .   .                   

I 

2,020    

i,:ioo            5 

•2.166    

1,917    

6,440    

1,849    

1,534    

2,5'22    

2,275    

9  020 

28 

i 

1,461 

29 

1 

2,106 

30 

Tolstoi '. 

i 

1,917 

;)o 

6,449 
1,840 

Jnlv    1 

Zoltoi ...J 

3 

Tolstoi  and  Lokaiiiidii  . 

1,534 

4 

2,522 

0 

7 

Zolt"i 

1,113    111a 

7 

5,6CK)    

495    

2,080    

2,172    

1, 086    

5,660 

9 

Zoltoi 

495 

10 

Tolstoi -  -  - ! -  -  - 

2,086 
2, 172 

10 

.       ..  1 

14 

Zoltoi 

i 

1  066 

22 

do 

do 

do 

do 

d(i :. 

75 
165 
172 
190 
200 
106 
171 
103 
171 
157 
146 

74 
142 
168 
176 
108 

52 



1 

2:1 

4 

2:1 

92 

144 

171 

183 

171 

157 

146 

75 

Aug.  ^8 

165 

17'* 

20 

IIH) 

30 

200 

Sept.  12 
21 
29 

Oct,      8 
16 
24 

Nov.     7 

...  do       ..                        ... 

1 

196 

do      . .                   ... 

171 

.   .  do 

163 

do     

171 

do 



157 

.    .     do 

146 

2,715 
1,  5:15 

2,716 

1  5;i5 

12 

19 

757 

757 

Tolstoi 

222 

1,259 

383 

20 

201 

1,241 

339 

20 

21 
18 
44 

.... 

222 

27 

do 

:::::::: 

l,'259 

20 

do 



383 

Doc.  20 

... 

20 

Total  



5,  007 

4.041 

2,  853 

1,188 

58,762 

58,  732 

30 

67,  810 

378  ALASKA    INDUSTRIKS. 

Tables  showing  iu  detail  all  kilUug  of  fur  aeah,  etc, — Continued. 

iH7r. 

ST.  GKOKGE  ISLAXI). 


Pate. 


Juno    1 

\2 
13 
14 
18 
20 

26 

20 

July    3 

6 

9 

10 


IlnoliiTV. 


•Seiils  killed  Inr  nativis'  food. 


1      """■     jcOptlMl.     jtMtcll. 


.SciiIh  killed  for  skinn 
I'or  lessct'M. 


liiiclic- 
lol's. 


Skins  I  Skins 

nc-  re- 

coiitod.    joctcd. 


r 


Norlh 

do 

Kuwt j 

SoutlnvcHt  liay : 

N<irth  mid  Stiirrv  Alecd 

i::i»t '. ■ 

Noilh ] 

Kast j 

North  and  Starrv  Ateel 1 

Kast '. 

North  .and  Starrv  Ativl 

Kast '. 

North 

Kast 

Killed  for  food 

do 1,5(10 


198 

7ll2 

578 

l,:i.S9 

1,1.^4 

8:i8 

871 

5.')2 

1,800 

1,580 

l.dfiO 

2, 104 

3(10 

880 


108 
702 

r.TS 
i,:iH!i 

1,151 

838 

H71 

552 

1, 800 

1,589 

l,«(i9 

2,1(14 

3UII 

880 


250  ! 


250 


Total 
killed 
for  all 

I)nr- 
poneH. 


702 

578 

1.380 

1,  154 
838 
871 
552 

1.800 
l.."i89 
l,«(i» 

2.  104 
300 
880 
256 

1,5110 


Total 1,500 


256 


14,744      14,744 


16.  .500 


TOTAL  FOK  ST.  PAri,  AND  ST.  (JKOKCIE  ISL.iNDS. 


Isliind. 


^     1    1   11    1  (■       Li.  o      Total  of  luie  lie  lor. s  ' 
Sealskill.dforiiativeslood.     f"'''""  "^n  ''"  '"^^'<'""''         killed,  aceept.d,  and      r,,,.,! 

rejiMted.  uj||,.,i 

for  all 


Tuiis. 


Bache 
,  lors. 


I  Skins 
I     ne- 
{oepted. 


St.  Van! 5,007  4,041   2,  ^.53 

St.  (lenrnc 1.5U0    256    2.'>fl 


Skins     Skins      pur- 


«'!""'    liaelie.     ^V"":**^!^*^  «»'•'» 
re-         ,  ar-  ro-     i     ,  iie-  re-       jiosis. 

jcetcd.     ""■''■      eejited.  .ieeti-d.j     '"'"■      eepted.  Je.-led. 


1,188     58.762     58.732           30     62.803      01,585      1,21b     07, 8n 
, 14.744      14.744    l.'i.OOO      15,  Ol'O    16.5110 


Total 0,507     4.297  i  3, 109  j  1, 188     73,506     7...  476  30     77,803     70,585     1,218     84,310 

I  I  .  i  I  I  I  I 


Dale, 


.Mav    10 
;iii 

June    8  I 
11 
12 
13 

14 

15 
17 
18 


22 


ST    I'Ari,  ISI,.VM), 


Itookery. 


Seals  .'iilled  for  natives'  food. 


Seals  killed  for  skins 
tor  lessees. 


I'nps 


Ha.he- 

liirs. 


.Sea  I. ion  Uoek.. 
.Southwest  Hay. 
Keef. 


206 
703 


Skins      Skins 

ae-  re- 

lepted.   Jeeted, 

205               1 
703    


linche- 

lors. 


Skins  ,  Skins 


ae. 


re- 


I  eepted. :  jeeted. 


Tolstoi  and  Kn^lisli  l!a\- 
Keef  and  Zolloi '.. 


24  i 

25  I 


Southwest  liay  and  Kiig 

lisli  !iuy 

Tolstoi 

Ketiiva  Keef,  /oltoi 

Tolstoi 

■Southwest  liay  and  Knjj- 

lish  Hay 

Lukaiinon,  Ketova,  V,n\-  , 

toi   ' 

Tolstoi 

Southwest  llavand  Kng- 

lisli  liay,...' '. 

Zoltoi,    l.iikanniui.   Ke-  j 

tova 

Northeast  iNdnl 

Halfway  Toint 

Tolstoi 


857 

2,  400 

550 

1,090 

8s7 

1,283 

1,501 

2,  278 

008 
1,731 

1,4.57 

1,309 
.5,  00(1 
1,473 
1,5D2 


857 

2,  407 

550 

1.008 

Mh7 

1.282 

l,."i01 

2,n71 

902 
1,731 

1,457 

1,309 
5,  !I00 
1.473 
1,,552 


Total 
killed 
for  all 
juir- 
poses. 


200 
701 

S.-.7 

2,  too 

556 

1,090 

H87 
1 .  283 
1,^01 


008 
1,731 

1,4,57 

I.. '109 
5,0' 10 
1,473 
1,052 


eg| 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIKS. 


379 


TtiMcH  showhiri  in  detail  all  kilUnn  of  fur  seah,  etc. — Oontinued. 
ST.  PAUL  ISLAND— Contimied. 


vol 

H,->7 
.',  Ul!t 


I)at<'. 

Rookery. 

Seals  killed  I'oi 

natives 

Skins 

oe- 
cepted. 

food. 

Skins 

re 
jected. 

Seals  killed  for 
lor  lesseee 

Hache.    ^^Ir 
X"-"'   j  cepted. 

skins 

Skins 

re- 
jected. 

Total 
killed 
for  all 
pur- 
jwses. 

June  2B 

Zoltoi,  Ketovu,  Lukiin- 

1,  896       1.  895 

1 

1,896 

27 

Kncliali  Bav 

2,672       2,868              6 

1,601        1,061    

1,131       i,i;io            1 

8,375       0,375    

2,237       2,2:)7    

3,903       3,903    

791           791    

2,010       2,010    

2,822       2,622    

1,030       1,036  ! 

7,231       7,231    

1.369       1,389    

916  1        916    

2.672 

28 

Zoltoi  and  Jvetova 

1,081 

29 

Tolstoi 

, 

1.  131 

2« 

N(trtiu'ii8t  Point 

6,  375 

.Tiilv     1 

Uall'tt'ay  Point 

2,  237 

■      2 



3,  903 

3 

Liikauiion 

791 

4 

Zoltoi    

2,  010 

n 

Tolstoi 

2,822 

0 

1, 036 

6 

8 

g 

Northeast  Point 

Halfway  Point,  Lukan- 

noil,  Ketova 

Zoltoi 

7,  231 

1,369 
916 

10 

do 

2.288 
3,  322 
3,600 
2,101 
1,986 
2.  337 
1,549 
272 

2,288    

3,322    

3.600    

2,101    

1,986    

2,337    

2,  288 

10 

Kortlicast  Point 

3,  322 

12 

Tolstoi  and  Miildle  Hill. 
Zoltoi 

3,600 

13 

2,101 

16 

Middle  Hill 

1,  986 

17 

Zoltoi 

2.  337 

18 

18 

ao 

do 

Lnkanuon 

Zoltoi 

d,. 

:::::::: 

404 
2!i4 
17:1 
211 
l.-)8 
144 
148 
149 

""404 
294 

1,549 
272 

1,549 
272 

404 

Aug.  10 

294 

22    ilo  --- 

173 
211 
158 
144 
148 
149 

173 

Sen(,    2 
11 

Zoltoi 

211 

do       1  . 

156 

24 

Lnkanuon                           '  

144 

Oct.      2 

do 

i.;i80 

2,  UdO 
1,25") 

148 

10    do 

149 





1.380 

4 
G 

do 

2,  000 

Kief 

1,255 

8 

do 

."iTl 

.571 

28 

1.144 

85:i 

l:i;) 

1,128 
7a'i 

i:i;i 

18 

H3 

1,144 

28 

do 

Northeast  Point (wateli- 



853 

Auj{.  to 
I>ec. 

■ 

133 

Total 

■),  208 
ST.  (i 

4.718 
KdKliK 

;i,  0:t2 
isla: 

l.OHU 

78,  595 

78,570  i          25       88,519 

1               i 

June  10 

North 

'                '               i 
325           325                  '          325 

14 

1 

1,074  '     1,U74    1.(174 

17 

Niirtli  and  Starry  .Meet 
Kast 

HrtA            fl5fl                                 R'iM 

1!) 

Siiu til  west  Hav 

717          717                           717 

'>'» 

North  and  .Starry  Ateel 

570           570    

324  1        324    

851           851 

570 

25 

Ka.tt  

324 

27 

.Soutliwest  Hav 

851 

28 

do ■ 

617           517 

517 

Killed  for  food  to  date 

405 

405 

405 

.liilv     1 
o 

Kast 

644           644 

030           930 

1,433       1,433 



644 

930 
1,433 

4 



8 

Kast 

793           793  ' 

1,,333       1,333    

328           328    

1.025       1,025    

1,892  1     1,892    

1,290       1,290    

l.tt"       1  677    

793 

10 

North  and  Starry  Ateel 

1,333 

12 

328 

i;i 

15 
17 

10 
21 
21 

do " 

1.025 

1 ,  892 

East  and  nortli 

1,2:10 

North  and  Starry  Ateel 

Kast ! 

1  r>77 

.. 

1,291  '     1,291      ...              1  '.nit 

Killeil   for  food  to  Mav 
19,1871> 

1,127 

811 

nio 

1. 127 
1,500 

do 

1 ,  5U0 
1.500 

Total 

! .  5!i2 

17,772 

1,210 

1 

17  77'>     yo  Kdl 

1            i            '            ! 

380 


ALASKA    INDl'STKinS. 


Tables  showing  in  detail  all  killing  of  fur  seah,  cU'. — i'.mttinni-A. 

1N7N. 
TOTAL  FOR  ST.  PAUL  AND  ST.  GBOBfJE  JtSLAfffM.. 


iHlunil. 


I 


SenlB  killeil  for  natives'  fonil. 


I'iip8. 


St.  I'aiil 1  5,206 

St.Gi'orgo j  1,5U0 

Total !  8,70« 


Baclie-j  S^^l.""  i  S^in" 
'""•   cepteil  jeclfcl. 


SealH  killuil  fill'  nkiii 
for  U-sst'CN 


Bacho- 

lorn. 


4,718     3.032  I  1,086 
1,532  I  1,216  \      316 


killed 

Ski«»    Skii.*    ^^j^     1;*^     J"/*^   Mv»v 


ac- 
cepted. jwt4Mi 


78, 595 

17.  772 


78,  570 
17,772 


0, 250  1  4, 848  I  1, 402  I  96,  367     9«,  342 


W,<IW     fti.va     1,111 
IV.  aw     1*,!>«H         316 


88,510 
20,804 


25    WiHi't   m.1»     1.427      109,323 


IN79. 

ST.  I'AUI,  ISLAND. 


Date. 


May  19 

26 

June    2 

7 

9 
10 
11 

12 
13 
14 

16 

17 

18 
19 


Jnlv 


20  I 
21 

16      : 

17 

18 

19  I 

20  i 

23  i 

24  ! 

I 
25 

26  I 

27  ! 

28  I 

23 
24  I 
25 

26  I 

27  : 
30  j 

1  I 


Uookcrv. 


SoalH  killed  for  natiiM-H*  foiMj. 


>»ailU!  Mlf4  tor  skim 


Pups, 


1  Baclic. 
I    loTS. 


SkiiiH     Sking 

ac-  re- 

cept4»d.  jectad. 


ivr*. 


*lkir**     S^kinn 


Southwest  and  'English  ! 

bays 

Reel. '' 

...-do I 

English,  Southwest  liay, 

and  Tolstoi ' 

Reef 

Halfway  I'oint 

Southwest  and  Englisli 

hays 

Tolstoi j 

Reef,  Zoltoi,  and  Ketova.^ 
.Soutiiwest  itnvandMid-  I 

die  Hill.....' 

Halfway  I'oint 

Southwest  IlavandMid-  I 

die  Hill ! 

Reef,  Ketova,  and  Zojtoi.l 
Soutliwest  Hay  and  lOiig-  j 

lish  Jiay 

Tolstoi  and  Middle  Hill. 
Reef.  Ketova,  I.ukannou 

Northe.ist  Point 

do 

do 

do 


278 


274 
518 


UK 
3.«Z7 

l.JllM 


.do. 


Tidstoi  and  Middle  Hill. 
Southwest  Jiay  and  Knj;- 

glish  Hay 

Reef,  Zoltoi,  Ketova 

Tolstoi,     Middle     Hill,  i 

English  Bay,  and  /ulioi 

Halfway  Point 

Ketova,  Reef,  Lukanni>n,l 

Zoltoi ' 

Northeast  Point 

....do 

do 


.do. 
do. 


3 
4 
5 
Juno  3U 
1 
2 
3 


Tolstoi  uud  Middh;  Hill 

English  Hay 

Ijukaniion  and  Zoltoi . . . 
Zoltoi  and  Middle  Hill. 
En;;lisli  l!av 


Lull:",: 
Norl' 
().  . 

1                1 

-llNiint 

1                1 

«'.). 

10, 

!             ( 

1 1 

i.tm 
*v> 

vw 

l.lliV 
l.l'C 

I.VJt 

i  aw 

l.,VW 
I  (M 
!.»» 

1  *7« 

!.,««( 

lit* 

!.,«« 

2  VM 

!,«» 


i,W, 
♦(•» 

»,Ii8« 

X»> 
.'.22 

i.vn 

J.ltIV 
I,I7H 

i.:o^ 

I  ifM 
(,  7»S 
(,2»!» 

I  «S 

1.  !W» 

t.Mi 

i.w> 

(4(4 

i  VXt 

1  mt 

(.M» 

2.  J4i< 
>.  «W 
I.9TO 

■2,  ln« 

i.rm 

I,  KM 
*M 


Total 
killed 
for  all 
)>nr. 
poses. 


278 
5-2.') 
162 

1,627 

434 

1,188 

1.402 
498 
730 

997 
.122 

1,  331 
914 

1,110 
1,176 
1,053 
1,52H 
966 
1,8«0 
1,745 
1,289 
2.300 

1.822 
1-M)5 

1,,142 
1,940 

1,200 
1,S50 
1,414 
1,339 
1,074 
1,665 
2,617 
S,148 
l,88fi 
1.932 
2,100 
1,108 

2,  .524 
1,628 

860 
1,988 


.M.ASKA    INDUSTKIEH. 
TableH  uliowiny  in  (Mail  all  kilUnij  of  fur  sealt,  etc. — Contiuued. 

tnro. 

ST.  I'AUI,  ISLAND-Contiuu.a. 


381 


ltf>ok(fr\ . 

HtniH  killed  for  natives 
n„,.i,„  1  Skins 

r  food. 

Skins 

re- 
jected. 

SealH  killed  for  skins 
for  lessees. 

Total 
killed 

Date. 

Bache- 
lors. 

Skins 

ac- 
cepted. 

Skins 

ro- 
.jected 

for  all 
pur- 
poses. 

July    4 

7 

NortlieaBt  I'oirit 

2,  077 
1,528 

1.920 

n83 

948 
2,418 
1,264 
1,519 

398 
2,652 
1,233 

2,882 
l,-,7 

2,077 
1,528 

1,920 

983 

948 

2,418 

1,  264 

1,519 

308 

2, 652 

1.233 

2,882 
157 

2,077 
1,528 

Zoltoi  and  .Miildl«  Mill 

8 

Zoltoi.  Ket</va.  and  l,ii. 
kanuon 

1  9''0 

9 

Zoltoi  and  iitUtva 

983 

10 

do 

7 

iS'ortlieaMl  I'oint 

2,418 
1  264 

8 

do 

g 

do 

1  519 

10 

do 

3')H 

u 

Zoltoi 

2,  652 
1  '^33 

15 

Zoltoi  and  Ki^tiiva. 

16 

Middle  Hill,  I.iikunnoii. 
and  'I'oUt^ii 

**  882 

10 

do 

157 

2.5 

Zoltoi 

27« 
13 

273 

IB.'. 

206 
18 

203 

278 
13 
237 
171 
121 

3" 

278 

Auk.  i; 

!Norlln.'aHt  Point 

13 

Zoltoi 

36 
24 
85 
18 
200 

273 

11 

do 

do 



195 

20 

206 

27 

i 



18 

28 

Zoltoi 

203 

Sept.    5 
8 

South  went  Day 

1 

1 

Zoltoi 

NorthcaHt  I'oint 

181    

It!    

174    

2    

5    

4    

198    

?  :::::::: 

109    

203    

184 
16 

174 
2 
5 
4 

108 
(> 

109 
263 

184 

9 

16 

18 

ZolUd 

174 

18 

Halfway  I'oint 

2 

18 

South  wt'Kt  liav 

1 

5 

18 

Northeast  I'oint 

4 

29 

Zoltoi 

198 

2P 

.Soiithwi'Ht  IJa> 

0 

29 

X(»rtli«af»l  I'oint 

7 

Oct.      7 

Kp*ova 

100 

20 

Ijukaiinou. .    

203 

2» 

do 

.'■.14 
33,', 
!)«» 
107 
I   1.VI 

044 

:io 

do 

335 

111 

999 

31 

do 

107 

Not.    3 

Lukannon 

1  153 

3 

do 

■ll 

l,4flfl 
79 

31 

5 

(jarbot<'h 

1  400 

5 

do 

79 

10 

do 

356 

13 

Keef 

260 

172 

1,206 

1,308 

02 

5 

70 

162 

845 

1,144 

62 

190 

10 

361 

104 

:::::::: 


2<)0 

27 

do 

172 

Dec.     fl 

(irtrbotc'li ,, 



1  206 

10 

Kci'f 

1,  308 

26 

Northiarft  I'olnl 



62 

26 

5 

5 

ToUl 

6,071 

ST.  < 

5,070 
KOItGI' 

3,808 
,  ISLAJ 

2,072 

77,  280 

77,  !>80 

88, 221 

ID. 

North 1 

69 
4.''.0 

iim 

413 
372 
445 
502 
755 
473 
434 
515 
576 
888 
524 
287 

09 
445 
105 
413 
372 
445 
498 
755 
473 
430 
515 
,574 
882 
522 
286 

5 

4 

4 

2 

6 
2 

I 

69 

10 

EMt ! 

450 

11 

105 

12 

Starry  At4!Cl 

413 

13 

372 

10 

Ka»t ■ 

445 

17 

SouthwcHt  Kay 

Starry  A  t<f<-l  and  North. 
KaBt 

502 

19 
20 

755 
473 

20 

Southwent  Hay 

_ 

434 

23 

515 

23 

Southwi'nt  Ilav. ...... .        .  .     '         .    . 

576 

2.'> 

Emit 

888 

25 

D24 

87 

do 

287 

382  ALASKA    INDUSTRIKS. 

Tables  Bliowiii;i  in  detail  all  killiiiy  of  fur  leah,  etc. — C'ontiuiied. 

ST.  GEOUGK  ISLAND-Contlnued. 


Souls  killed  for  nntivoM'  food. 


SciiIh  killc'il  lor  skins 
fur  lessees. 


Date. 


.Jliiio  27 

:io 
July    :i 

4 


8 
14 
Hi 
10 
•J4 
1!8 

An;;.  « 
1!) 

Sept.  1 
2:) 

Oit.  2 
15 

Nov.  :t 
« 

H 
Dec.     (■> 


Rookery. 


Piips. 


Ha.'lio- 
lors. 


Skills 
nc- 


Skina 
re- 


ccpted.  jected. 


Haclie- 
lors. 


North  nnd  Starry  Atoel ' 1,  ITS 

East ' I,ri95 

Nortliand  Starry  AUpl 1,414 

Southwest  liav 841) 

do ;  ICI 

North ,  5^15 

East 1 ,  77.') 

North  and  Starry  Atecl 1,203 

East 1,840 

Nortli 803 

Soiitlnvest  iJay 1, 30» 


Skins  :  Skins 

ac-  re- 

ccpted.   jeetcd. 


I 


.do 

Nortli I 

do I 

do ' 

do ! 

do I 

do I 

do 

do 

do 

Killed  lor  food :     1,500 

Soiiilittcsl  liay  and  .Star- 
ry Ateel 


1,176 

1,584 

1,412 

849 

351 

535 

1,  738 

1.2S1 

1,830 

803 

1,309 


3 
11 


8 

8 

03 

02 

*>*  , 

48 

08  1. 

54  1. 

47  . 

58  . 

48  . 

18 

18 

318  1 

315 

1 


08 
64 

47 
58 
48 


37 


113 


113 


Total 1.500 


843 


504 


279     19,841  I  19,758 


83 


Total 
killed 
for  all 

piir- 
jioses. 


1,179 

1,.595 

1,414 

849 

351 

.535 

1,775 

I,  203 

1,840 

80.3 

1,309 

8 

03 

48 

08 

54 

47 

58 

48 

18 

318 

1,500 

113 

22,  190 


TOTAL  I'OU  ST.  rAlI,  AND  ST.  GEOKGE  ISLANDS. 


Seals  killed  for  natives' 
food. 


Seals  killed  for  skins 
for  lessees. 


T'otal  of  bachelors 
killed. accepted,  and 
re.jected. 


Island. 


Pups. 


Sl.l'aiil 5,071 

St.dcoiKe l,.5Qfl 


Hach- 
elors. 


Skins    .Skins 


ac- 


re- 


ceptcd. Jected 


Bache- 
lors. 


I 


5,970     3,8i)8     2,072  i  77,280 
843         564         270  '  19.  841 


Idtal 6,577     6,813     4,462 

i  I  i 


2,351  I  97,721 


Skins     Skins'     ,,,     I  ^;^;^     sll^ni 
eeptid.  .iec^Lj    '-•    j^.-..^^ 

77,280  ' I  83,250  '  8L  178  '  2.072 

19,75?  H3     20,084  I  20,322         302 


97,038 


Total 
killed 
for  all 

pur- 
poses. 


88, 321 
22, 190 


83    103,934  1101,500     2,434     110,511 


I 


ST.  PAUL  ISLAND. 
Seals  killed  for  n.itives'  fooil. 


Seals  killed  for  skins 
for  lessi'es. 


Date. 


May  14 


June    1 

8 

9 

II 

12 

14 


Kookery. 


Pups 


llache- 
lors. 


Skins      Skins 

ac-  rc- 

ceptcd.    jc'led. 


Haihc 
lors. 


Skins      .Skins 
re- 


Total 

killed 

for  all 

pnr- 


ceptod.   .jected.     l""""*' 


209 

225 

19 


206 

225 

19 


3 


Southwest  llay 

Kcef -■ 

Northeast  Point 

Keef ; I        210 

Southwest  liav 1 1 1,497 

Reef ' 1 926 

EnKlish  llav  and  Tolstoi.. j 880 

Southwest  Jiav  and  Enn- '  i 

lish  liav--..' '        763 

Halfway  "Point ; 1,204 


210 

1,490 

920 

884 

782 

1.204 


1  : 


209 
225 
10 
216 
1,497 
926 
889 

763 
1.20^. 


ALASKA    INDL'STRIKS.  383 

Ttihlc  Hhiiwiiiii  ill  (Iclail  all  kilUnij  of  fur  aeuh,  etc.— Coiitiinujil. 

INNO. 

KT,  r.M'l,  ISLAND    ('.mtiiiiioil. 


Dalo. 
Jiiiui  15 

Itookfry. 
Koi-r  and  Ziiltiii 

S«alH 
I'lllm. 

killi'il  I'oi 

liailii- 

Inl'H. 

nativi.H 

.Skin.s 

ar- 
rr|i(l'il. 

fiiml. 

Skills 

ri*. 
Ji'i'tril. 

SoaU 
f 

liaih... 
Iiir.i. 

705 

990 

703 

1,619 

802 

5,  279 

1,4.59 
1,035 
1,702 
1,437 

2,  .582 
1,062 

6, 202 

1,516 

1,  743 

2,  297 
1.622 

2.  374 
1,380 
7. 107 
789 
651 
1.577 
1.0.54 

2.22! 

1.428 

1.221 

7,  073 

817 
1.V63 

2.040 
1,834 

2,461 
534 

iilK'il  tor  Hkins 

ir  leHxrOK. 

Skin.s      SkiiiH 

ai-            ri- 
rrjitril.   .ioi'tid. 

763  ,            2 

99U    

703    

1,618  ,             1 

801                1 

5,277  1            2 

1,450  ' 

1,035    

1,701               1 
1.437    

2,580  '            2 
1,062    

0, 2111               1 

1,514               2 

1,743    

2,297    

1,621                1 

2, 373               1 

1,380    

7,167    

789    

651    

1.^77  1 

1,T.54    

1 
2,218  I            3 

1,426              2 

1,221    

7,073    

817    

1,763    

2, 638              2 
1,834    

2,461  i 

r.34  , 

Total 
killi'il 
lor  all 
]iiir- 

pOHti.S. 

705 

990 

703 

1,619 

802 

5,279 

1.4.59 
1,035 
1,702 
1,437 

2.  .582 
1,002 

6,  202 
1,516 

1,743 
2, 297 
1,622 

2,  374 
1,380 

7,  107 
789 
651 

1,577 
1  054 

16 

Zapailiiiii    anil    KimliHli 
Hay 

17 

Krtovft,  Zoltiii.aiiil  ltd"!. 

'I'lilstiil  anil  Knclinli  Diiv, 

KiiKlisliIiavanilMiiliiri. 

Mill 



18 

19 

U) 

19J 
21 

Hallwav  I'nlnl 

22 

23 
24 

ToUliii 1  MiiMli!  Hill. 

Itei'l.  /iilloi,  aiiil  Jvi'lox  a 



25 

Knu'liHliltaviiijil.Miilillr 
Hill 

26 

Kotiiva,  Zoltni,  iinil  Ki-uf. 
Nortlii'iiHt,  I'liitil 

211 
26/ 
28 

Ilall'wav  I'liinl 

20 

Krtov.'i.  LukaiiiiiHi.  anil 
Zolli.i    

30 

TuUtoiaiiil  Miililli'  illll 
ill! 

July     I 

Knuliali  May  ami  Miililli. 
Hill 

3 

3 

NortlioaHt  I'liinl 

.1 

Ilall'wav  I'i'io' 

5 
6 

laikaniinn  anil  Kidox'a 

ToIhIiiI 

7 

'ri)l.iti)i  anil  Liikariniifi. . . 

8 

/olliii.  Urrl'.  Liikanitiin. 

•I    OOJ 

9 

'roUtiii    I.nkanniMi.  anil 
Miililli^  Mill 

1  428 

iO 

/oltni,  Ki'tin-ji,  anil   lai- 
kanniiii  

1  ''"'1 

•'1 
toj 

NortliiMiHl  I'oinI 

7  073 

lof 

12 

Ziiltiii.  Koliiva,  ami  I,ii 
k.iniiiin 

817 

13 

I'ui.siui  iiml  I-.h^li,.^li  tf.i\ 
Ki'i.f,  /iilliii,  l.nkannipn. 

1  763 

14 

.',  640 
1.834 

2,  401 

15 

Kiiclisli  li:'v 

16 

Miilillo  Hill  anil  Kiikaii. 

17 

Ziiltiii 

28 

NiirtluMiHt.  Point    

HalfVav  Point 

43 
228 
21K 
253 
100 
189 
195 
239 
227 
200 
1113 

43 
228 
218 
235 
116 

i 

60 

43 

30 

2"8 

31 

/oltoi .'. 

218 

Aug.  11 
19 

ilo 

18 
44 
1H9 
1  il5 

253 

<lo 



160 

28 

il 

Sept.    8 
18 

ilu 

195 

llo 

239  , 
227  ! 
200 

133   ; 

239 

30 

llo 

227 

Oil.     12 

25 

KiikMhIi  lliiv 

193 

Jlov.2,3( 
5,61 

Liikannun.'Uiiir.aml  Kn- 

tova 

Ki:i.f 

4,410 
3 

4  410 

Di'C.  6  8 

1.173 

13 

82 

270  i 

270 

1,123 

13 

82 

217 

263 

50 

1,176 
13 

9 

SimtlnvliKt  Hay 

21 

53  1 

82 

Nov.   11 

.Miililli'JIill 

Kiit'liHli  liay 

T.itiil . 

t 



270 

29 

H 

270 

4,413 

4,  400 

3,U48 

1.418  , 

76, 900 

75,  872  , 

1 

28 

81,779 

384 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


Tahic  ulioiriny  in  deliiil  all  killiiiij  of  fur  »mU,  (((■•—( 'oiitinned. 

18NO. 
ST.  GEOKGK  ISLAM). 


Date. 

Kookiiry. 

Seals  t 
Pups. 

(ille<l  for  natives 

'"-      eep't.d. 

14             14 
2:i             23 

■  food. 

Skins 

re- 
jected. 

Seals  killed  lor  skins 
lor  lessees. 

i'a'i'«  ^l;.!""  "^VX' 

'"'■'*■    jce-ptcd.  jectod. 

Total 
killed 
for  all 
]iur- 
poses. 

Mnv  18 
'J6 

North 

14 

, 

23 

Kortli -- 

82 
:i38 
504 

;i.'i2 
7:i8 

2.M 

,■..-,!) 
.5!l!l 
223 
1.  183 
.-.18 
811 
83!l 

1.  :i22 

1.770 
840 

8ll8 

:;<i2 

l).".0 

001 

515 
1.483 
1.S14 

040 

28 

81 
333 
502 
351 
734 
254 
557 
590 
223 

1,  182 

518 

811 

833 

l,:i20 

1,704 

843 

8(18 

392 

054 

901 

515 

1,481 

1,810 

947 

1 
5 
2 

1 
4 

i' 

3 

i' 

8' 

() 
2 
0 
3 

2 
o 

28 

82 

u 

KaHt 



.338 

12 

North  niid  .Starry  Atirl. 
KUBt 

1 

504 

14 

352 

15 

738 

17 

do ■ 

254 

17 

North  aii<l  Starry  Ati'd. 
Kaat 

.559 

10 

590 

19 
21 

8outlnvc8t  Hay 

North  and  Sliirry  Atci'l. 

Southwest  liav 

Kast 

::::::::;;;:::::;,:::;;;:: 

223 

1.183 

518 

814 

25 
25 

2H 

SouthwiMt  Day 

830 
1,  322 
1,770 

Ka-st '. 

20 

846 

;io 

July     1 
2 

Starry  Atool .' 

North   

8118 
302 

I'^artt 

056 

2 

Southwest  l!av  

■101 

5 

515 

(1 

KilHl 

1  483 

1,814 

0 

KBHt 

949 

Duriug  tlioHeason  there 
iiorislieil  on thedrivca. 

North 

/aiiadiiio- 

28 

10 

72 

8 
liO 
.^1 
220 
40 
35 
47 
02 

1 

72 
( 

8 
00 
51 
215 
27 
ill 

i 

72 

17 

7 

20 

do 

North 

8 

28 



60 

AiiK.    6 
11 

do 

North  anil  Kast 

North         



Bl 

11 

i;) 

4 
47 
02 

226 

Sept.    1 
2 





40 

Zapadnit; 

35 

27 

North 



47 

Oct.      5 

do 

do 

do 

.'ilKI 

765 

30 

lis" 

(12 

28 

501 

Nov.    1 

705 

g 

30 

18 

do 

Kast 

10 
30 
Ifl 

10 

10 

Dec.     1 

65 

3 

Zapaduie 

Total 

16 



1,  :wo 

702 

505 

137 

18,007 

18,  830 

77 

20,  039 

J 


Jul 


TOTAL  FOR  ST.  PAUL  AND  ST.  GKORGE  ISLANDS. 


Island. 


Smilakille.l  fiiraWinn      ^"''•"'  °^  bachelors 
Seals  killed  I'ornativcs- food,    f^o""*  .ki'"'"  it  sKins  .      kjHed.ace.'pted.and 

tor  lesstcs.  rejected. 


In„„i..,  I  .Skins 
lPnp8.|fi»^'"'j     ae- 

1  '<•"•    !cOpt4Hl. 


ejected.     '""•     ceptcd.  jected.     '""' 


St.  Paul 4,413     4,466     3,048 

St.  (ieorfie 1,33U         702         505 


Tot.ll 5,743     5.168     3,613 


I 


1,418     75,900     7.5,872 
137      18.007     IS,  830 


28     80,366 


Skins 

ac- 
[■epted. 


78.  920 


77     19,609     19,395 


1,555  ;  95,807     94,702         105     99,975  ;  08,315 


Skins 

re- 
jected. 

1,446 
214 


Total 
killed 
for  all 
pur- 
poses. 


84. 779 

211,  o:>9 


1,660     105,718 


Au) 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


385 


7 

H 
60 
51 
226 
40 
35 
47 
«'J 
501 
7G5 

:iu 

10 
65 
10 

'.'0,  939 


84,  779 

211,  (i;i9 


Tablet  showing  in  detail  all  killin;/  of  fur  «eah,  etc, — Continiiod. 
ST.  PAUL  ISLAND. 


DnUi.  Itiiokery. 


.(ai).l  3     'I'nlHjoi  iinil  Uflef 

May     4      Ailililii>iiiil  Hklns  fniiuil 

oil  rrcdiiiit 

14      Aililitiiiiial  HkiiiH  fouuil 

ill  wilt 

29     U<t!f 

Jiiiid    (!      Iticf  mill  Zoltoi 

7      .Siiiitlnvi'Ht  anil  Kiifjliah 

liav  and  Tolstoi 

9     Zoltoi 

ID      HalCwav  I'oint 

14  Zolloi.: 

15  Sciiitliwi'Ht  and  Eii|;li8h 

Itay  and  TolHtoi 

HI  Zolttii,  Ucof,  aiidLiikun- 
iioii 

17  Halfway  t'oiiit 

18  TolHtoi', 

20  /olloiaiid  Lnkannon  — 

21  TolHtoi,     Middle     Hill, 

NdrtliiiiHt  I'olnt 

22  '  EiigliHli     Ilav,     MiildUi 

iTllI,    TolHtoi,    North- 
••a8t  I'oiiil 

23  I  Keel'  and  Zoltoi 

21  !  Unlf'way  I'oint,  Middle 

I       ilill,    KngliHli     Bav, 

TolHtoi 

25  Middle  Hill.  Lukanuon, 
Zoltoi,  and  Koef 

27  j  MIddIn  Hill,  £iit;liHli 
Hay,  TolHt<u,  North- 
cant  I'oint 

28  KiikIIhIi  liiiy.  Soiitliwest 

Iliiy,    and    NortheaHt 
I'oint  

29  Lukanuon,   Zoltoi,    and 

•  I      NortheaHt  Point 

.30     Enylinh     liav,     Middle 

Hill,  NorthVaHt Point. - 

July     I      'I'olHtoi  and  Liikaunon.. 

2     llallVav  Point 

4  I  Knglinli     liay.     Middle 
1      Hill,   Tolatoi,    North- 

I      cast  Point 

5  Zoltoi,    Ketova,   North- 

I      oaHt  Point 

n  i  SoiitliweHt  Kay,  EngliHli 
Hay.  NortheaHt "oint.. 

7  Zoltoi,   T<i1hIoI,    Middle 

Hill,  NortheaHt  I'oint- 

8  ;  Hallway   Point,  North- 

cant  Point 

9  '  Englinh     Bav,     Middle 

Hill,  and  TolHtoi 

12  '  Zidtoi, TolHtoi,  Ltikannon 

13  EngliHli  Itav,  Middle  Hill 
M     Englinli  Bay  and  South- 
west Itay 

15  !  EiigliHh     liav.     Sllddic 
j      Hill,   Tolstoi.    Zoltoi, 
I      Ketova,  and  Lnkannon 
1(1    Zoltoi,  Ketovn(711),  North 
I      eant  Point;  CoodCW). .. 
IH  I  Middle  Hill,  TolHtoi,  Zol- 
toi, Ketova.  and  Lnkan- 
non   

19  EngliHh    Bay,     Middle 

Kill,  Tolstoi 

20  Tolstoi,  Zoltoi,  Xotova, 

and  Lnkannon 

27     Zoltoi    

18-29     Northeast  Point 

Aug.    5     Zoltoi 


Seals  killed  for  natives'  food. 


Pups. 


Bache- 
lors. 


1,058 


3 
165 


SkiiiH 

llr- 

ceptcd. 


1,041 


3 
160 


Seals  killeil  for  skins 
for  lessocH. 


SkiiiH 

re- 
,iotte<l. 


16 


202 

38 

224 


17 


16 


202 

33 

224 


Hache- 
lorH. 


SkiiiH 

ac- 
cepted. 


I  Skins 

re- 
.jected. 


-- 


423 

1,250 
127 
474 
106 


724 

530 

1, 229 

1,014 

4,103 


3,649 
1,164 


3,082 
1,275 


3,758 

1.949  j 

4,853 

3.  421 

2,269 

2. 031 
3,  075 
1,782 

1,473 

3,561 
711 

2,455 
2,301 
2,  536 


421 

I 

1,247  I 

127  :. 

474  !. 
105  i 


2,387  ,     2,386 


723 

539    . 
1,225 
1,614  I. 

4, 102 


3,643 
1,103 


3,  076 
1.275 


3,  757 
1,949 
4, 851 
3,414 


2,  630  ' 

3.073  : 

1,  778  ^ 
1,471  ' 


3,  558 


709  j 

i 

2,  449  j 

2,300 

2,530 


Total 

killed 

for  all 

pnr- 

POHCS. 


2, 043 

2,  '143 

3,318 

3,  310 

2 

2,967 

2, 967 

4,596 

3,358 

943 

4,594 

3.358 

943 

2   ■ 

1,058 

8 

3 
165 
423 

1,250 
1-27 
174 
106 

2,387 

724 

539 

1,229 

1,014 

4.103 


3,  649 
1.164 


3, 082 
1,275 

2,043 

3,318 

2,967 

4,596 

3,  358 

943 

3.  7.58 
1,940 
4,853 
3,421 

2,  209 

2,631 
3, 075 

1,  782 

1.473 

3.  5U1 
727 

2,  455 

2, 301 

2,  536 

202 

38 


U.  Doc.  92- 


-25 


386 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


Tahlei  showing  in  detail  all  killing  of  fur  acah,  efo.— Continmsd. 
ST.  I'AUL  ISLAND— Continued. 


Seals  killed  I'nr  natlvoi'  food. 


SUiim     Sklim 


Sealii  killed  for  skins 
fi>r  l<(ii8<'t'9. 


ueptud.  I  jwti'd. 


liiiclie- 
lurs. 


Skiiifl     SkinH 

at'-  vv- 

('u]ited.  Jectud. 


Total 

killiMl 

lor  all 

|)iir- 

pilHUH. 


Auk.  in 
17 
211 
2fl 
29 

Sppt.  6 
17 
19 
28 

Oct.    10 


Nov. 


25 

5 

10 

17 

21 

Due.     7 

0 


Zoltoi ;  270 

NiirtlieaBt  I'oiiit 10 

do !  0 

Zoltoi 240 

Noi'tlicust  I'oiut i  7 

Zoltoi 240 

Northeast  I'oiiit 11 

Zoltoi 205 

Zoltoi    (208),   Nortlii'aHt  ,  | 

I'oint  (3) I  213 

Zoltoi   (211),   Northeast  ; 210 

Point  (5) 

Zoltoi,  Northeast  I'oint.. 227 

Tolstoi 20il 

Middle  Hill ' 083 

Tolstoi 4!)4 

Middle  Hill 1 502 

Southwest  Bay 1 1,022 

Heel' 1,294 


247 
10 
0 


20 


180 
070 
490 
401 
1,018 
1,285  I 


240 

7 

!'40 

11 

2U5 

213 
210 

227 
20 
4 
4 
1 
4 


Total 7,,')38       0,068       1,470     76,230     70,160 


ST.  GEOliGE  ISLAND. 


I 


276 

10 

«l 

240 

7 

240 

II 

205 

213 
210 

227 
209 
(iS3 
494 
402 
1 ,  022 
1,294 


83,  774 


May  21 
31 

North 

32 
55 

32 
55 

1         .. 

32 

..do 

55 

June    0 

Starry  Atcol,  East,  and 
North 

012 
020 
408 
022 
445 
1,030 

518 

553 

815 

1,110 

1,034 
1,378 
1,182 

470 
1,  358 

303 
1,310 

498 

771 
1,715 

592 

1,630 

611 
OIU 
494 
615 
445 
1,022 

515 

563 

814 

1,117 

1,031 
1,371 
1,179 

476 
1,350 

302 
1,300 

498 

769 
1,  705 

590 

1.027 

1 
4 

4 
7 

8 

3 

i' 

.J 

3 

:i 

1) 

1 

10 

2 

10 
2 

12 

612 

13 

<lo 

920 

15 

Zapadnie 

! 

498 

16 

Starry  Ateel,North,East 
(lb 

i 

022 

20 

445 

21 

East  and  Za)>adiiio 



- 

1  030 

23 

Starry    Atcel,  North, 
Zapadnie 

1 

518 

24 

Kaat 

"553 

27 

Starry  Ateil  and  North  . 

815 

28 

1   119 

30 

Zapadnie,  .Starry  Ateel, 

1 

1  034 

July     1 

Kast 

1  378 

Starry  Ateel  and  North. 
Zapadnie 

1  182 

6 

476 

7 

Kast 

1  356 

8 

Starry  Ateel  and  North. 
Eiist 

303 

11 

1  310 

12 

Starry  Ateel 

408 

12 

771 

14,15 

East 

1 

1,715 
592 

14 

Zapadu  lo 

16 

East,  North,  and  Starry 
Ateel 

1,630 
43 

26 

North 

43 
45 
57 
92 
52 
52 
05 
88 
08 
60 

43 
45 
57 
91 
46 
32 

30 

do 





45 

AUK.  ,« 

do 

57 

do 

1 
6 
20 
65 
88 
68 
,50 

92 

26 

do 



S2 

Sent.    3 
13 

do 

52 

do 



65 

24 

Kasc 

88 

Oct.     3 

68 

22 

East 

50 

Nov.     2 

North 550 

do 472 

Starrv  Ateil 

550 

10 



472 

30 

113 

108 

5 

19,446 

113 

Total 

• 

1,031 

812 

609 

308 

10,  380 

86 

21, 289 

St. 

St. 


Jan 

Feh 

Maj 
Jun< 


July 


278 
10 

*l 
241) 

7 
2I» 

II 

2or> 

213 
21(1 

227 
2UU 
(18,1 
404 
402 
1 , 1)22 
1,2U4 


32 
65 

612 
920 
408 

022 
445 

1,  o;io 

618 

•553 

B15 

1,119 

1,034 
1.378 
1,182 

476 
1,350 

303 
1,310 

498 

771 
1,715 

592 

1,039 
43 
45 
57 
92 
62 
52 
65 
88 
68 
50 
569 
472 
113 

H,  289 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 

TabUi  showing  in  detail  all  killinij  of  fur  svalu,  etc.— Coiitiuiied. 

INNl. 

TOTAL  FOR  .ST.  I'AIL  AND  SI'.  (JEOUGE  I.SLANDS. 


387 


Island. 


Seals  killed  fur  natives'  food. 


Pups. 


Baclie. 

luTS. 


St.rniil 7,538 

St.Ueorgo 1,031       812 


Skins 

ac- 
cepted. 


Skins 

re- 
jected 


Seals  killed  for  iklns 
for  lesiuos. 


Total  of  Imdielors 
killi>il,niTi<ptud,aud 
r(i,|ect«(l. 


0,008 
509 


Total. 


1.031  ,  8,350  ,  6,577 

I  I  i 


1,470 
303 

1,773 


Bacliu- 
lors. 


70,230 
10,  446 


.SkinH    .Skini* 

ac-         ru-    I 

ceptod.  Joctod. 


Tutnl  I  Total 
Barlio-     skinH  i  nkins 


70, 109 
10, 360 


86 


96, 082  I  U5, 520         153    104, 032 


lors. 


83,  774 
20, 258 


ac-      [     ru- 
cepted.  .loctt'd, 


Total 
killiHl 
for  all 

liuatB. 


82,  220     1,  537 
19,809         380 


83, 774 
21,289 


102.095      l,ii20  ,   105,1163 

I  1 


ST.  I'AUL  ISLANM). 


Date. 


.Tan.  12 
Feb.     8 

10 
May  22 

31 
Juuii    2 

7 
8 
10 
12 

13 
13 
14 

16 

17 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

20 

27 

28 

29 

30 


Rookery. 


Keef 

do 

do 

Tol8toi 

Keel  

Southwest  liny,  ^liddle 

Hill,  and  Tolstoi 

South  west  Buy 

Zoltoi  and  Reef 

Tolstoi  and  Keef 

Southwest   liiiy  and 

Northeast  Point 

IfnUwny  I'oint 

Northoiiat  I'oint 

.Southwi'Ht  Bay  and  Tol- 


Seals  killed  for  natives'  food. 


.SealH  killjd  lor  nkins 
I'oi'  lossuos. 


Pups. 


stoi 


Halfwnv    Point, 
and  'I  oil 


July 


Reef, 

'olstoi 

Southwtist  Hay  and  Tol- 
stoi        

Ketova,  Ucet,  Zoltoi,  and 

Northeast  Point 

Southwest    Bay    and 

Nortlioast  Point 

English     Bay,    Tolstoi, 

Northeast  Point 

Ketova,     Keef,     Zoltoi, 

Northeast  Point 

Ilalfwav  Point,  North- 
oast  Point 

Middle  Hill,  Tolstoi,  I 

NorfiH'ast  Point , 

Southwest    Bay    and' 

Northeast  Point 

English   Hay,   Middle 

Hill,  Northeast  I'oint. . 
Keef,  Tolstoi,  Northeast  ! 

Point 

MiddloHill,  Tolstoi,  [ 

Northeast  I'oint 

Ilaltway  Point,  l.ukan-  | 

nou.  Northeast  I'oint. . 
Keef,  Northeast  Point  . . 
Southwest     Bay    and  i 

Northeast  Point I 

English    Bay,  Middle  I 

Hill,  Northeast  Point..! 
Zoltoi,  Northeast  Point . . 
Middlo    Hill,   Zoltoi,  I 

Northeast  Point 

English  Bay,  Middle 

Hill,  Northeast  Point 


Bache- 
lors. 


Skins  I  Skins 

ac-  re- 

cepted.  .jected. 


Bache- 
lors. 


-I- 


80 

103 

8 

120 

246 


Halfway  Point,  North-  i 
eastFoittt '■ 


77  ' 
103  i 

8 
124 
246 


3 


400 
840 
428 
488 

2,  223 
217 
306 

803 

1,458 

1,070 

1,829 

3,069 

1,017 

2,811 

2,528 

1,560 

3,164 

3,228 

4, 270 

2,230 

2,469 
1,601 

3.  805 

2,  575 

3,  014 

1,540 
2,873 
2,454 


Skins     Skins 

ac-  re- 

eepled.  .looted. 


400    

847  ,            2 

428    

488  , 

2,223  ' 

217    

366    

803    , 

1,458  I , 

I 

1,070  j , 

1,829  j , 

3,000  '            3 
1,617    


2,800 

2,525 

1,559 

3, 162 

3,224 

4,252 

2,239 

2,460 
1,601 

3,782 

2,575 
3,034 


23 


1,537 
2,673 
2,453  '  1 


Total 
killed 
for  all 
pur- 
poses. 


80 
103 
8 
120 
246 

400 
849 

428 
488 

2,223 
217 


803 

1,458 

1,070 

1,829 

3,009 

1,017 

2,811 

2,  528 

1,500 

3,164 

3,226 

4,270 

2,239 

2,409 
1,601 

3,805 

2  57i> 
3!034 

1,540 

2,673 

2,454 


888  ALASKA   INDUSTRIEH. 

Table  Hhoiciny  in  detail  all  killing  of  fur  leala,  (ifc— Contiuiiod. 

ST.  PA  I' I-  ISLAND-CoDtlnuod. 


Hookery. 

8e«li  klllad  formtlvea'  food. 

SoiilH  kllli'd  lor  ikiu* 
tor  leMHeeii. 

ToUl 
killed 

l)ilfa<. 

Pupi. 

Baelio- 
lorn. 

Skins 

I'optod. 

Skin* 

ro. 
jcctcd. 

llHclie- 
lorH, 

3,201 
2,  H33 

3,420 

3,Ut<7 

1,054 

2,  ,103 
1.012 
1,270 

727 

SkiiiH 

IK'- 

oelitrd. 

3,201 
2,  831 

3,418 

3,084 

1,  045 

2.  5113 
1,010 
1,270 

727 

HkinH 

111- 
Jm-lcd. 

2' 

2 

3 
0 

2* 

........ 

for  all 
pur 

POHCH. 

July  10 

Kcef,  KHovn,  Lukaiiiion, 
NortlieiiHt  Point  

i 

3,201 

12 

do  

1 

2,833 

13 

Soulliwi'Ht     llu.v    und 
Nortllrllhl  i'oit'lt      

! 

3,420 

14 

EiiulUli    lliiv,    MIddIo 
Kill,    ToUtoi,    North- 
ejiHt  I'oiut  ...         .... 

3,087 

15 

L  Ilk  an  no  II,    Kutiivn,  | 
NurtliciiHt  I'uliit   

1,654 

17 

KniiliHli    lliiy.   Middle  ; 
llill  Nonlumst  I'oiiit..' 

2,593 

IH 

Zollol - ' 

1,012 
1, 279 

10 

Zoltoi,  Liikauiioii.Kotovn 
iSoiitliweHt  Ituy        

20 

727 

25 

Znltoi 1        204 

NorthoiiHt  Puiiit          '         10 

204 
18 

251 
103 

'iei' 

377 
426 
481 
384 
3118 

204 

27 

10 

Aug.  ^4 

Zoltol 

252 

1 

123 

234 

101 

237 

227 

25 

201 

261 

160 

23 

87 

6 

3 

17 

4 

2 

252 

ilo 

226 

26 

....  do ,        234 

do j        101 

do 237 

llo      1         2'i7 

1 

2:14 

Sept.   4 
15 

IDl 

237 

27 

i 

227 

30 

NortlieiiHt  Point      

25 
■201 

] 

25 

Oct.      6 

i^ollol 

201 

17 

do 281 

201 

U,,el' 

166 
23 

166 

30 

23 

Nov.  17 

Middle  Hill  Olid  ToUtoi ;        248 

Riwf '        383 

TolHtoi 420 

Keef 498 

248 

28 

383 

30 

420 

Dec.    4 

4UR 

6 

do 

388 
4U0 

3H8 

12 

do 

74,  mn 

400 

Total 

;    5,175 

3,  362 

1,813 

7-1,  581 

78 

7a,  n:n 

ST.  GEORGE  ISLAND. 


May  22 
1!9 

Juiii<  0 
12 


jMly 


H 

10 

II 

12 

14 

15 

17 

18 

10 

>  29 

Aug.   5 

11 

17 

25 

Sept.  15 

Nov.  22 

28 


North 

do 

do 

Starry  Ateel,  North,  and 

KllHt 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

EuHt 

.starry  Atr^dand  North 

EaHt 

.Slurry  Atcnl  and  North. 

KlIHt , 

Starry  Atceland  North. 

Ea»t 

Starrj'  Ati'clund  North. 

Nortli 

East , 

Starry  Ateol 

Ea»t.'. , 

do 

do 

Starry  Ateel 

do , 


I 


12 
48 
'.'6 


12 

48 
26 


Total. 


50 
40 
45 
34 
44 
46 
110 
10 

483 


110 
10 


371 


500 

800 
027 

847 

1,  m.'i 

1.044 
1,273 
1,005 

911 
1,384 
1,0,15 
1,371 
1,115 
1,070 

527 

U40 
1, 022 
1,080 

655 


;i2 

0 

10 

46 


112 


10,495 


508 

887 

1120 

847 

1,  192 

1,U40 

1,273 

1 ,  003 

010 

1,382 

1,946 

1,368 

1,113 

1,  065 

524 

643 

1,01,1 

1,083 

655 


10,440 


55 


12 
48 
26 

500 

800 

027 

847 

1,195 

1,U44 

1.273 

1,065 

Oil 

1,384 

1,055 

1,371 

1,115 

1,070 

,127 

1149 

1,022 

1,080 

655 

50 

40 

45 

34 

44 

46 

110 

10 

10, 078 


St. 
St. 


M»; 
Jiiii 


July 


3,391 
2,833 


3,087 

l.OM 

2,593 

1,013 

1,276 

727 

2U4 

19 

3D2 

226 

2:u 

101 
237 
227 

25 
201 
201 
166 

23 
248 

:i8:i 

420 
408 
388 
400 

79,  8;h 


12 
48 
26 

B09 
890 
927 

847 
1,105 
1,044 
1,273 
1,005 
Oil 
1,384 
1,0.')5 
1,371 
1,115 
1,070 
n27 
049 
1,022 
1,U80 
055 
50 
40 
45 
34 
44 
46 
119 
19 

10,078 


ALASKA    INDIJ.STRIKS. 

Tablet  allowing  in  detail  all  killinij  of  fur  iivala,  eto, — (Joiitiniied. 

I  NM-i. 
TOTAL  FOn  HT,  PAUL  AM)  ,ST.  OEOKOE  ISLAND.S. 


389 


<  „,.  1,111    1  f .  „    1,1  Totiil  ciC  Imi'lmlorn 

He«liikllle.llorimtlv.«lno.l.      ^'"'\,,1' "'  J',/              klllnl,  ncn.pt.,!.  ami  ,„       , 

killcil 

,   Toliil    Totnl  ''li; "" 

Biidio      nkin.t     hUIiih  '""^' 


St.l'nul 

St.  li('<>rK< 


Tutul iNone  .    5,658:8,733     1,925  i  04, 154  i  94,021 


77, 043      1, 891       79, 834 
1«7       lit,  07H 

99,812  ,  97,754     2,uri8  ,     99,812 


imn:i. 
st.  i'aul  island, 


Dftte. 


Ma,v  20 
Jilliu    4 

n 

9 

11 


12 
13 
14 

15 
16 

IH 
lU 

20 

21 
22 

23 

18-23 

25 

26 
27 

28 

29 

30 
25-30 
July  2 
3 
4 
5 
C 

7 

H 

2-9 

10 

12 

13 
14 

16 
17 
18 


Uoiikory. 


Southwest  Hny 

SoiitliwiiHt  liny,  KiiglJHb 

liay,  anil  'I'limtoi , 

lliiir'way  I'oint 

IJcof 


SealH  killMl  for  nattvca'  fnod. 


Pupn, 


Bacho- 
lorn. 


2U 


SduMiweHt  Hay,  Middle 
Uill,  Tdlnt.ii 

Uc«t'  and  /oil  (li 

Hallway  1'.  hit 

Sontliwixt  liay  aud  Kiifc 
lisli  liay....' 

ICiikIIhIi  liay  and  T<d8toi 

Ki'i^lund  /oltni 

Soiilhwi'Nt  Hay 

KnKliHli  Day,  Middle 
Hill,  TolHlo'i 

HiUrHny  I'oint  and  Lu. 
kannoii 

UftBl'and  Tidstol 

KiigllHli  liny.  Middle 
Hill,  TolMtoi 

Rpcf,  /oltoi,  Liikannon.. 

NortlK^aat  I'oiiit 

KoL'liHli  Day,  Middle 
Hill,  TolHtoi 

/oltoi  aud  Liikannon. . . . 

Southwest  liay  and  Kng- 
lish  Hay 

Zoltoi,  T<dMtoi,  Koef,  Lii- 
kannon  

Knglisli  Hay,  Middle 
Hill,  Zoltoi 

Lukaiinon,  KpuI',  Zoltoi. . 

Northoast  Point 

Hallway  Point 

Sonllnvt>nt  Bay 

Middle  Hill  and  Tolstoi. 

Zoltoi  and  Liikannon 

Zoltoi,  Middle  Hill,  To|. 
Htoi 

Zoltoi,  Hottl',  Liikannon.. 

MiddloIIill , 

Northeast  I'oint 

Knglish  Day.  Middle 
Hill, Tolstoi, andZoltoi. 

Halfway  Point,  Liikan- 
non. Aoltoi 

Southwest  Hay 

Knglisli  Bay,  Middle 
llill,  Zoltoi 

do 

Hallway  Point,  Zoltoi-.. 

South  west  liay ..,,,,,.., 


Skins      Skins 

at'.  re- 

cepte<l.  Jected. 


227 


Seah  kiUoil  for  skins 
I'lir  lessei'M. 


liache. 
lors. 


Skins 
cepted. 


592 
354  . 
177 

405 
352 
262 

490 
440 
341 
417 

735 

90H 

072 

1,401 
1,078 
3,279 

L428 
838 

1,640 

1,612 

1,519 
1.191 
5,012 
1,700 
2,151 
L494 
2,346 

1,755 

930 

1,164 

5,066 

1,923 

L6e9 
2,444 

2,136 
2,060 
1,116 
1,876 


590 
352 
175 

405 
351 
252 

490 
44U 
341 
417 

734 

904 
055 


Total 

killed 

lor  all 

pur- 


Skins 


4 

17 


230 

592 

354 
177 

405 
352 
252 

490 
440 
341 
417 

735 

908 
072 


1,401  1,401 

1,078  1  1,078 

3,279  ; 3,279 

1,428  1,428 

838  1  838 


1,638  2 

1, 607  5 

1,515  4 

1,191    , 

5,012 

1, 099  1 

2,151     

1,494    

2,346    

1,755  ' 

933  6 

1,103  1 

5,006    

1,923  , 


1,657 
2,440 

2,126 
2, 059 
1,115 
1,873 


10 

1 
1 

3 


1,640 

1,012 

1,519 
1,191 
5,  012 
1,700 
2,151 
1.494 
2,346 


1,  tOD 

939 
1,104 
5,066 

1,923 

1,659 


2,136 
2,060 
1,110 
1,870 


390 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


Tables  shotving  in  detail  all  killing  of  fur  seals,  etc. — Continued. 

ISMS. 
ST.  PAUL  ISLAND-Continiied. 


llookery. 

Seals  kille<l  for  native.s 

'  food. 

Seals  killed  lor  skins 
lor  IcHsees. 

Total 
killed 
lor  all 
pur- 
poses. 

Date. 

Pups. 

Bache- 
lors. 

Skins     Skins 

ac-           rc- 
copted.  jected. 

Bache- 
lors. 

.Skins 

ac- 
cepted. 

Skins 

re- 
jected. 

July  I'J 

Middle  Hill,  Lukannon, 

/(lltoi 

1 
t 

1,883 

1,883 

1        1   883 

Au'     1 

Zoltoi 

191 

inn  '           1 

191 

10 

eld  

109  1        :54 
202  i        1U7 
178  1        112 

22a          .'■i:! 

186    

200    

5 
5 

60 
170 
186 
200 
200 

259 

20 

do 

202 

Scjit      1 

do  

278 

12 

do     

123 

24 

do    

280 

Oct       0 

do      

200 

20 

do              

200 

i 

200 

29 

I{e(.f       .                

1,502 
884 

1,  502 

Nov      1 

Ki'tova  ...     .          

530 
884 

2 

Keel' 

5 

119 
1114 
155 

84 

06 

108 
155 

53 
20 

119 

15 

do                     

134 

20 

do                

155 

27 

»a 

1 
4U 
18 

::::::::::::::: 

84 

27 

Northeast  Point  (to  date) 
Keef 

00             2B 

420  402 

421  421 

60 
420 
421 

Doc     12 

ID 

do 

Total 

2  982        :i-  IIW        2  1H4             974      57   r4ri  1   fi7  07(1 

7,-,       03  •in.i 

i 

i 


ST.  GEORGE  ISLAND. 


May  26 
June  4 
12 
15 
19 
22 
25 


Julv 


28 

30 

2 

4 

7 

9 

10 

10 

11 

12 

13 

10 

17 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

23 

25 

27 

30 
31 


Auk.  i:' 

21 


Sept. 
Oct. 

KOT. 


Nort'n 

..   ..do 

.Starry  Ateelaud  East, 
.do. 


40 


.Starry  Atecl 

Kaat  and  Starry  Atecl. . . 
East,  North,  aiid  Starry 

Ateel '.. 

do 


.do. 
.do. 
.do. 


Zapadnie 

Little  Kast  ni'.l  East 

Zapailnie 

North  and  Stiirrv  Ateel . 
Little  Knst  and  East . .  . 
North  and  Starry  .\tecl. 

Little  East  an<l  ICaiit 

Zapadnie 

Starry  .Ateel  and  North  . 

Little  Kast  and  East 

Zapadnie 

Little  Ka.it  and  Ea.sC 

Zapadnie 

North       East,      Starry  | 

Ateel.. 

East 

Starry  Ateel,  North  and  | 

East ' 

do 


.do 


-l>er- 


Dnrintfth'"  season- 
islied  on  drives. . 

East 

Near , 

LlllloEaHt 

East 

Near 

Near  aiul  North 

North 

North  aii.l  Starry  Ateel 


40 


120 
.540 
340 


Total. 


1,000 


100 
50 
00 
54 


171 


98 
45 
60 
54 


171 


475 


408 


78  : 

130  , 

287  I 

61 

380 

684 
443 
Oil 
340 
2S0 
617 

1,  336 
307 
507 
203 
546 
321 
775 

1,017 
130 
467 

1,210 
281 

1, 150 

766 
78 

006 

505 
473 

38 


78 
135 
287 

61 
379 

084 
442 
0U8 
340 
287 
045 
1,333 
300 
507 


260 

...... 

546    .. 

321    .. 

775    .. 

1,015 

•) 

130    .. 

467    .. 

1,216    .. 

2K0 

1 

1,150    .. 

•  706    . . 

77 

1 

006    .. 

.501 

4 

473    .. 

38 

40 

78 

136 

287 

CI 

380 

684 
443 
611 
;i40 
290 
647 

1,336 
307 
507 
203 
546 
331 
775 

1,017 
130 
407 

1,210 
281 

1,150 

700 
78 

606 
.505 
473 

38 
100 
SO 
00 
C4 
120 
540 
340 
17i 


7  14, 730   14, 675 


61   16,214 


'  Totnl 

killed 

,  for  all 

«   pur- 

,l|poaeB. 

1 

1,883 

101 

259 

202 

278 

123 

280 

200 

20U 

1,  502 

536 

884 

119 

134 

155 

84 

66 

...1    420 

421 

75   63,295 

...}           40 

...J     7n 

1  ;   138 

287 

CI 

1      380 

684 

1     443 

3     611 

340 

3     290 

2     047 

3    1,336 

1     307 

507 

3     263 

546 

321 

775 

2    1,017 

130 

467 

....   1,210 

1      281 

1,150 

780 

1      78 

«Ofl 

4      .105 

473 

38      38 

100 

,     50 

00 

1     B4 

1    120 

B40 

!    340 

17i 

1 

ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 
Tables  Hhowimj  in  lUtail  all  killing  of  fur  aeale,  etc. — Continuod, 

TOTAL  FOR  ST.  PAUL  AND  ST.  GKORGE  ISLANDS. 


391 


'seal8  killed  f.irimliveH'  foo.l.'  ««-al»  )'ille<l  f"r  skius 

lor  leuHeoH. 


Inland. 


Total  of  l)ache1org 
killed,  accepted,  aiid 
rejected. 


ii,.ni.«  '  Skins    .SkiuN  I  ,,     , 

f'-pH.  r,':ri"'i  a.-  i  re.  ;"»<■''« 


lure.  I 


ceptcd  .jc-i  ted.l 


St.  Paul 2,982  '  .1,168     2,194 

Sl.Ceiirge 1,000         475         468 


974 

7 


lors. 


57, 145 
U,  739 


Total. 


3,982  j  3,043  ;  2,062         981  i  71,884 


Skins 

ac- 
cepted. 

57, 070 
14,675 


71,  745 


Skius 

re. 
iected 


iiache- ;  ^J^;,"»  I  ^"J.!,"" 

'•"■*•    icepteil.  jectod. 


Total 
killed 
lor  all 
pur- 
poses. 


00,  313     59,  204 
04  i  15,214      15,143 


139  j  75, 527     74,  407 


1,040 

71 


03,  295 
10,214 


1,120  i     79,509 


1N84. 

ST.  PAUL  ISLAND. 


Seals  killed  for  natives'  food. 


iSeals  killed  for  »kin.s  fori 

I  lessees.  I 


Date. 


Jan.     2 

May   15  '• 
21  I 
24 
27 

June    3 
5 

9 

10 

"I 
12  ! 

13! 

14 : 

16 

17! 

18  1 

19 ; 

20 
21  i 
21 
23. 

24  I 

25* 
20 

27 
27 
28 


Kookery. 


Pups. 


Uaclio. 
lors. 


Skins  I  Skins 

ac-     1     re- 
cepted.    jected. 


Reef ! 

Northeast  Point  (to  date) 

do 

Halfway  Point  and  Reef. 
Northeast  Point  (to  date) 
Sout'iwest  liay  and  Reel. 
Reef  ". 


177 

30  I 

20  ! 

187  i 

15  I 

427  I 


161  ; 

36 

21) 
187 

15 
427 


10 


July 


4 

1-4 
5 

7 
8 

9 
10 


Sow'.li  H  eot  Hay,  English 

li.i,  .and  Zoltoi 

Reef  ail!  Halfway  Point. 

Keto v:i  and  'I'olatoi 

South  west  liay  anil  Half- 
way Point 

Z<dl"i,  Ketova,  and  En- 

Klisli  Hay 

Zoltoi  and  Reef 

Halfway  Point 

Southwest  Hay ,  . 

Enylisli     Hay      Tolstoi, 

Reef,  and  /idtoi 

Halfway  Point 

En^'lisli  liiiy  and  Tolstoi. 

Southwest  liay 

Zoltoi  and  Reef 

Niirtheast  Point 

Halfway  I'ointand  Zoltoi 
Zoltoi,  Reel,  Lukannon, 

and  Ketova 

Southwest  Hay 

KuKlish  liay  MiddloHill. 

and  Tolstoi 

Zoltoi,  Ri'ef  and  Ketova. 

Northeast  I'oint 

Tolstoi,  MiddloHill.  anil 

Lukannon   

Zoliiiiand  Halfway  Point 
Zoltoi,  Reef,  'I'olsl'oi,  and 

Lukaniuin 

EiikHsIi  Hay  and  Middle 

Hill ' 

Southwest   Hav,  Zoltoi, 

Middle  Hill,' and  Lu- 

kannon 

Knylish  Hav  and  Tolstoi. 

Northeast  i*oint 

Zoltoi,  Reef,  and  Ketova.; 

Hallway  I'oint 

Reel',  Zoltoi,  and  Lukan-  i 

nun 

Sou  t  h  west  liay 

English    Hay",    Middle 

UlU,  and  Tolstoi 


Iiache- 
lors. 


.Skiua     Skins  I 

ac-  re-      | 

cepted.  jected.  | 


318 

707 

1, 239 

420 


I 


317 

767 

1,238 

426 


1,304  1,356 

865  864 

771  !        771 

838  i        837 

1,424  ,     1,421 


1,200 
912 
487 
1,793 
1,117 
3,  !lil2 
2,103 


1,729 
1,197 

2,540 
1,830 
5, 134  : 

1,500 
1, 002 

1,820 

1,888 


1.340 
1,522 
5,799 
1,251 
1,935 

2,071 
1  9ti6 


1,266 
912 

480 
1,786 
1.115 
;i,  977 
2, 163 

1,724 
1,194 

2,528 
1,827 

5,  134  |. 

1,500  I. 
1,662  j. 

1,824  I 

1,884 


1,336 
1,512 
.5,799 
1,249 
1,  9:14 

2,067 : 

1,900 


1  920       1.015 


Total 
killed 
for  all 
pur- 
poses. 


177 
36 
20 

187 
15 

427 

318 

707 

1,239 

426 

1,364 

805 

771 

838 

1,424 

1,200 
912 
487 
1,793 
1,117 
3,992 
2, 183 

1,729 
1     B7 

?.546 
1.830 
5, 134 

1,500 
1,002 

1,826 

1.888 


1,3411 
1,.122 
5, 799 
1,251 
I,il35 

2,071 
1.900 

1,920 


392 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


Tablcn  showing  iii  detail  all  killing  of  fur  svah,  etc. — Continued. 
ST.  PAUL  ISLAND— Continued. 


Rookery. 

Seals  killed  for  natives'  food. 

Seals  killed  fo 
for  les.sec 

liaclie.     ^}Jr 
'"■•«•     cepied. 

3,003  1     3,003 

3,  075       3, 072 
2,510  1     2,515 
2, 052       2,  049 

1,620       1,523 
1,782]     1,777 

1,872  !        866 
5, 080       5, 089 

2,529       2,527 
1,911       1,908 

■ ',  kins 

SkiuH 

re- 
jected. 

Total 
killed 

Date. 

Piips. 

Bad  10- 
lors. 

Skins 

ac- 
cepted. 

■ 

Skins 

le- 
jccted 

for  all 
pur- 
poses. 

,Tuly7.10 
12 



3 
1 
3 

3 
5 

6 

2 
3 

3,003 

3,067 

Middle  Uill.TolHtoi,Lu. 
kauiion,  Zoltoi,  lied'. . . 

14 

Hpllway  Point  and  Ziiltoi 

2,  515 

15 

2,  052 
1,626 

10 

Knglish     Hay,     Middle 

17 

1,782 

18 

EiiKlisli     Hnv.    Tolstoi, 
and  Middle  Hill 

1,872 

14-18 

5,089 
2,529 

19 

M.'tld,  <  Hill,  Tolstoi,  Lu- 
kunnoo.  Ketovn,  Zol- 
toi.  Reef 

21 

Middlo  Hill,  Zoltoi,  Tol- 

1,911 

AUR.     1 

5 

Zoltoi 

198 
92 
80 
90 
78 
160 
147 
131 
160 
142 
144 
115 
179 

189 
89 
65 
84 
57 



51 

0 

;i 

15 

u 

21 
100 
147 
131 
150 
142 
144 
115 
120 

198 

do 

92 

12 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Liikaunon  ... 

:::::::: 





80 

18 

90 

26 

78 

Sept.    2 
12 

160 

147 

19 

i;ii 

27 

150 

Oi't.      0 

142 

14 

141 

2'' 

Kcef 

115 

30 

Enijlisti  Hay. . 

179 

Nov.     3 

Reef 

do 

1.956 

785 

1,950 

5 

785 

10 

Tolstoi 

182 
153 
495 
265 
244 

115 
108 
487 
257 
232 

67 
45 

8 
8 
12 

182 

24 

Reef 

153 

Dec.     5 

do 

495 

(1 

265 

24 

Iteel' 

244 

Total 

2,741 

3,907 

2,  582 

1,325 

82,213 

82, 086 

127 

88,  8U1 

ST.  GEORGE  ISLAND. 


May  21 
20 

1 
Kast - 

15 

IT' 

1 

15 

North 

East 



52 

51 

1 

'"'iig' 

1, 222 

694 

585 

572 
592 

603 
578 

489 

289 
U 

71 

........ 

1,222 

690 
.581 

552 
582 

598 
550 

486 
287 

71 
87 

1,260 
971 
298 
465 
720 
99U 
606 

8' 

4 
4 

20 
10 

5 
22 

2 

3' 

9 
2 
4 

6 

62 
119 

10 

Zapadiiie 

1,222 

12 

Starry  Ateel,  North  and 
K.-ist 

694 

IB 

585 

18 

Starry  Ateel,  North  and 
East 

572 

21 

592 

23 

btarry  Ateel,  North  and 
East 

603 

26 

578 

28 

Starry  A.Uvi,  North  and 

4h9 

July     1 

'.  i) 

1 

do 

11 

3 

Starry  Ateel,  North  and 
East 



71 

7 

90 

1,269 
973 

90 

10 

Starry  At*ii    North  and 
East 

1,269 

12 

Zapadnie 

!I73 

14 

East  and  Little  East 

302 
465 
726 
090 

MS 

302 

15 

Starry  Ateel  and  North. 

465 

10 

726 

18 

East  and  I.ittio  E.  st  ..    . 

ono 

19 

Starry  Atocl  and  North . 

506 

3,003 
3,067 

•i,  r>i5 

2,  <I52 

1,526 
1.782 

1,872 
5,089 


2,  ,'■.29 

1,911 
198 
92 
80 
90 
78 
100 
147 
131 
150 
142 
141 
115 
179 
1,'J50 
785 
182 
153 
405 
265 
244 

88,  861 


16 

52 

119 

1,222 

0B4 
586 

672 
692 

603 

578 

4fi9 

II 

71 
80 

1,260 
073 
302 
466 
726 
090 
606 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 
Tahlee  showing  in  detail  all  killinii  of  fur  seals,  etc. — Continued. 

ST.  GEOlum  ISLAXD-Coutinueil. 


393 


Data. 


Rookery. 


28 
30 

Aug.    4 

4 

14 

21 

Sept.    2 

Nov.     3 


Ziipadnie 

tiirry  Alrol  nnd  North. 

lOiist  anil  Litlli)  taut 

Zaimdiiii' 

Starry  Atecl,  Nortii  and 

EaHt 

East ... 


Seals  killed  for  native))'  fond. 


.Scnlx  killed  for  akiUH 
lor  luHSbeH. 


Papa. 


I  Baclio- 

I    lur,s. 


SkiuH 

ac- 
cept-^l. 


sk;  x 

re- 
jected. 


12 

26 ; 


....do 

North 

East 

Near 

North 



....do. 

M5 

...do 

482 

....do 

503 

Starry 

Atocl 

otal 

1 

1,500 

111 

48 
04 
Oil 
CO 


1» 
48 
03 


27 


27 


345 


223 


Itache- 
lore. 


797  I 
744  ! 
507  1 
573 

040 

225 


Skins 

ae- 
eepted. 


795  ! 
744  i 
595  ' 

572  i 


Skins 

re- 
.jected. 


I 

640  I. 
224  I 


Total 
killed 
I'or  all 
pur- 
poBoa. 


797 
744 
597 
673 

640 
225 
19 
48 
64 
60 
60 
615 

48:: 

r>03 
27 


14, 728  I  14,  620 


108       10.57? 


TOTAL  FOR  ST.  I'.VTL  AND  ST.  CEOHOK  ISLANDS. 


Sralit  killed  for  natives' 
food. 


Inland. 


.urs. 


St.  I'anl.... 
St.  George  . 

Total 


.1  l,5l»>. 
.1  4,241 


345 


SkioH  ^  Skina 

ae  le- 

ceptcd. jeeted. 

j 

2, 582  ;  1, 325 

•2'J3  ,       122 


Seals  killed  for  skina 
for  le  mees. 


Skins  '  Skins  ' 


Total  of  bachelors 
killc<I;  accepted,  and 
rejected. 


4, 282     2, 805     1, 447 


Itaoho-     ■"7;."°  I  '^2'""  I  Ha.l.e- 
'"■•"•     cept<.l.  iecaed.     '«"• 


82,  213 
14,  728 


82.  086 
14,  020 


T!7 
108 


96,  941     96,  700 


235 


I 


Skins     Skins 

ac-  'e- 

eepted.  jected. 


80.120  :  84,668      1,462 
15,073     14,843         230 


Total 
killed 
for  all 
pur- 
poses. 


88, 861 
10, 573 


101,193  ,  90,511  ,  1,68'.  [  105,434 


Date. 


May 
June 


19 
27 
3 
1 
II 
13 
15 
16 
17 
IB 

19 

20 
22 

22 


Kookery. 


i:..ok.... 


ST.  I'ATL  ISL.WD 
Seals  killed  for  natives'  foud. 


I'lips. 


Reef. . . 

Zoltoi 

Zoltoi  and  Reef 

...do 

Tolstoi  and  En^'lish  Hay 

Halfway  Point .'. 

Zidtol  and  Reef 

SontliweHt  Ray 

English  Itiiv.Middle Hill, 
una  /olloi    

Lnkannon  and  llall'vay 
Point 

Zoltoi  and  lieef 

Zoltiil,  i;eit',  and  Ln- 
kannon   

Northoust  I'uiut 


Bache-ISkitis!   Skins 

tors      I      '"•  '■"• 

""^^-     eepted.    jected. 


181 
141 


168 
136 


.Seals  killed  for  skins 
for  lessees. 


Bache-    ""J'"" 
'■"•"•     eepted. 


Skins 

re- 
jected. 


-!■ 


49 

73  I 
125 
587  I 
741 
973 
1 ,  700 

617 

1,  309 
986 

780 
1,632  ! 


48 
73 
125 
587 
741 
971 
1,700 

017 

1, 307 
080 


1,631 


Total 
killed 
for  all 
pur- 
poses. 


I 


I 


181 
141 

49 
73 
125 

r>87 

741 
973 

1,700 

017 

1,3119 
9t*0 


1,532 


394 


ALASKA   INDUSTklKS. 


Tables  ahoicing  in  detail  all  killing  of  fur  »*«/*,  *<',— ^;f>Titinnfd. 
ST.  P.vrr,  ISLASD-f-vuiiuiiM, 


SealH  U"'-i]  forualivo*  i<jiMX. 


tt^^ilW  letllrd  for  nkins 
tor  lesHecR. 


Dote. 


June  23 


24 


20 
2(1 
27 

27 
2i) 
2U 
■M 


July 


UiM>k«ry. 


Halfway  Point  and  Znl- 


I'u|^^ 


Had 
lorn. 


25 


'     Kkiu» 

'1.     j«<Ur«l. 


kin:*     l4kinH 


('^.R< 


toi. 


A  UK.   :i 


NortliCiiHt  I'dint 

En);li:<li  liav,  Sniiilnvesl 
liay.  Midcllo  Hill 

Northeast  IVdiit 

Hoet  and  I,ukaniio!i 

Nortln';iHt  Point 

IIallV!iv  Pidnt 

NortlieasL  Point 

Lukannon.    Xultoi,    and 
Ueef 

Xorthcast  Point  

Soutlnvcst  llav 

Norllicast  Point 

Knulish  Itavand  Middle 
llill '. 

Northeast  Point 

Kect,  I.ukannun.  /oitoi, 
and  Ivelo\"a 

NortlieaHt  J'oint 

Tolstoi,  .Middle  Jlill,  and 
Kiijilish  Hay 

Xortluast  Point 

Halfway  Point  andZcdtoi  . 

Northeast  JTiint 

Lnkannon  and /oltoi 

Northeast  Point 

SoMt Invest  liay 

Northeast  INdnt 

Middle  llill,  Soi.. Invest 
liav.  and  Tolstoi 

Nortlieas    Point 

Zolt(d,    Lukannon.   and 
Ketova 

Northeast  Point 

.Middle  Hill  and  Tolntui.  . 

Northeast  Point 

Halfway  Point 

N<»rtheast  j'oint 

.Southwest  lia\" 

Nortliea.sI  l*oinf    

Knglish  Jiay  and  Tidsloi 

Northeast  Point 

Zoltoi 

Northeast  Point 

Halfway  I'oint  and  Lu- 
kannon  

Northeast  I'oint 

/oltoi 

Northeast  Point 

Ueef,  Tolstoi,  and  Mid 
die  Hill 

Nortiieast  Point 

Southwest  Pay 

;  Northeast  Point 

;  Middle  Hill  ami  EngliHh 

liay 

'  Northeast  Point 

/oltoi  and  Lukannon 

Northeast  Point 

.Middle     llill.     Knglish 
liav,  and  Zoltoi 

Nortlioiist  Point 

,  Halfway   Point,  Middle 

Hill,  and  Ketov.i 

I  English  Iia\,  Zolioi,  Ki- 

I       tova,  Middle  Hill,  and 

Lukann<ui  Keel'    

Zoltoi,  l;iel,  and  Jliddli> 
Hill 

Zoltoi 


J4T 


*#7 

«  '8* 

I,  *<t 
1.  iV,t 

!..;«;* 
W, 

t  ::ik 

I.  il'W 

(.  MTf 
««l 

Z.t:« 
fM 

;m 

i  77t 

'in 

%.  %M 

7K? 

II..2M 
79ft 

%  \%% 

»*■. 
%..v» 

MR 

■m 

XV\'X 
ftk7 

(,.W? 

t,f<m 

x'.iex 

%  7(.-V 

I.  wx 
X  KM 


■I.  n'f 


f.  142 

H-47 

I,7:a 
I .  f.79 

i.or.i 

I.. 172 
««7 

I.:t28 

5: 19 

I .  «02 

1.  M\ 
l,o53 

L77.') 

I .  OWi 


i,4«r. 

«:tl 
2,  l:e2 

f.5n 

!>7« 

1«1 
1,271 

.-.22 

2.««:! 

!,  1H4 

2,  ■>4H 
74« 

1.292 
793 

2,  302 
«7I 

2.  I.t2 

2,  «92 

t»f.5 

2.  1.18 

2.  1.17 
757 

2,21)1 
«17 

1..V.2 

B|f> 

l.&OO 

«2H 

2,  720  ■ 
iH 

2. 7:i» 
««7 

L6il» 

Am 
i.  t»r. 

2,212 
9M 


Totnl 
killed 
for  all 
juir- 
poses. 


1,143 
847 

1,7.13 
286 
1,081 
LlBl 
l,;i73 
(107 

l,;i28 
539 

1,  fi02 
553 

2.081 
1,053 

1.777 
1,09(1 

1,1R5 
031 

2, 134 
058 
U7n 
101 

1,271 
522 

2,  064 

1,  184 

2,550 
740 

1,294 
79;i 

2,  304 
071 

2,  134 
822 

2,692 
O.'ia 

2,139 
363 

2,137 
757 

2,  203 
047 

1,.552 
UIO 

1,591 
828 

2,723 
474 

2,743 
687 

1,603 
631 

2,498 


2,216 

983 
147 


i,;i28 

539 

1,  ti»2 

553 


1,777 
1 ,  U'Jtl 

1,465 
031 

2, 134 

(i58 
l)7'i 
Mil 
1,271 
522 

2, 064 
1,184 

2,550 

746 
1.204 

71)3 
2,  30t 

071 
2, 134 

822 
2, 6'J2 

055 
2,139 

363 

2,137 
757 

2, 2113 
047 

1,.552 
lilO 

1,5'Jl 
828 

2,723 
474 

2,743 
687 

1,003 
031 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 

Table  Hliniiiiifi  in  ilelail  all  killing  of  fur  aeah,  etc. — Continuod. 

INNS. 
ST.  I'AI'I.  ISL.\XU-(;ontiniiP(l. 


395 


e. 

12 
21 

5 
12 
25 

7 
14 
20 

2 

4 
"7 

2? 
41 
17/ 
31 

liookur.v, 
Zoltol 

SciiIh  1 
I'ops, 

ilU.'rl  for 

liiiflii- 
lors. 

179 
185 
135 
1.55 
152 

78 
122 

85 

Illltivl^s 

Skills 
coptrd. 

178 
176 
44 

53 

food. 
Skins 

IC- 

.iocti^d. 

1 
9 
ill 
1,55 
152 
78 
122 
32 

Seals  killed  for  Hkins 
for  lessees. 

Total 
killed 

l)n 

"»-'"•     ''a,'""      ""re"" 
'"'■*'■     leptcd.   jecteil. 

for  all 

Iiiir- 

poses. 

Auk. 

' 

179 



185 

Sei.t. 

Zollol - 

135 

ilo 

155 

ilo    

152 

Oct. 

do 

78 

do 

122 

....    do 

85 

Nm- 

lircf  

i,.524 
(Mil 
:i(iu 

1 

1,524 

do 

1 

964 

rio   

1 

300 

Middli'  Hill 

3:12 
UH 

1.090 

48 

3,184 

3:10 
144 

1,084 

48 

2.  .508 

4 
12 

332 

itii  1 

118 

do 

Norllioaiit  Toint 



1 

1,090 

Dec. 

!     "  ■      1 

48 

Totiil 

2,788 

1 

?70 

82,908  1  82,800 

i 

42 

88,  880 

HT,(;KOK(iK  ISL.VNI). 


May   18 
tTlllle     1 


15 
18 
17 
15 


Julv 


27 


7 
10 


13 
17 


Ant,'. 


Nov. 


Zapiidiiiir 789 

Slarrv  Aleel.Northand 

Ka»l     2,158 

Za|)ailiiii; 1,011 

Slarrv  A I  eel,  Norlliuiid 

Ern-t 2,  222 

Zajiadiiie 483 

Norl h 35  35    

do 23  23 

..   .do r>0  37 

Kant 05  05 

Norlli' 37  I  30 

"N    1."  2.50 

Noilh 700    ! 


2, 150 
1,011 


,218 
483 


.d< 


4 

0 
18 

21     Slarrv 
I'eriJ 
iiiK 


Total 1,080 


319 


304 


15     14.745      14,080 


North 

39 
38 

1    

750 

7.50    

77    

098 

40 

do 

•AH 

38 

Slarrv  Ateel,  North  mid 

K.ist 

750 

77 

do ' 

098 

098 

Slarrv  Aleid  uiid  North 

lOast 

802 

825 

802    

825    

414    

1,775    

401     

2,287    

802 
825 

414 

414 

Slarrv  Atwl,  North  and 
Kasl 

1,775 

1,775 

Zapailiiie 

401 

401 

StarrvAleid,  North  and 
KaHt ; i 

-'.-'8V 

2,  287 

i:t   

■ 

I 

1 

100 

30 

20 
11 

1 

20    

11 

V  A  teel 

leil  on  driven 
the  vear 

diir 

53  ' 

53 

789 

2,  1,58 
1,011 

2, 222 

"483 

35 

23 

SO 

05 

37 

250 

700 

120 

41 

53 


59       16.  144 


2,498 


2,215 

983 
147 


396 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


Tables  showing  in  detail  all  killing  of  fur  Hetih,  etc. — Continued 
TOTAL  FOU  ST.  PAI'I,  AND  ST.  CEORGE  ISLANDS. 


Ial»n(l. 


■Seals  killed  for  natives'  fond. 


Baclie- 


SkiDH    SkiiiH 


Pups.  "i7,r.s."'  ''•■'^^''P'-  ri'.i'-'^t- 


St.  Paul '  2,788     3,184  ;  2,0(18 

St.Gooriiii ,1,080:      319  1       'Mi 


Totiil 3,888  :  3,503  I  2,812 


SoiiIh  killed  lor  skins 
lur  Itissces. 


H.ielie 


Skills     Skins 


^,.^;    accept.  rnj.,el 


od 


od. 


670     82,908     82,800 
15  ,  U,  745      14,080 


Totals  of  Imcliclors 

killed,  aceeiited, 

ond  rejected. 


Skins     Skins 


Ha(!he- 1 


42  80,092  85,374 
.■■)'.)   l.'i.OOl   14.990 


091  I  97, 053  I  97,  552    101  101, 156  100,  364 


718 
74 


Total 
killod 
tor  all 
pni'- 
(loses. 


88, 880 
10, 144 


792  ;  105,024 


INNM. 

ST.  I'Al'L  ISLAND. 


1    Seals  killed  for  nntlvea'  tboil. 

Seals  killed  for  skins 
lor  lessees. 

Total 
kille<l 

Date. 

Kookcry.                  ^ 

Pups. 

llache- 
lors. 

Skins  :  Skins 

f'"-           re- 
ce,..«d.  jected. 

liache. '  «''>'"• 
'"'•''•      cepted. 

Skins 

re- 
jected. 

for  all 
pur- 
poses. 

Jan.    21 

84 

( 

5 

300 

49 

153 

83              1 

84 

29 

49 

7 

; 

49 

May     5 
8 

' 

7 

do 

5 
300 

.:":...":"::;;:::;;;; 

5 

17 

SoutlMvt'st  liiiy  iiiul  Kt't'l* 

3U0 

10-17 

49 
1.53 



49 

29 

Keef 

do 

1 

153 

June    4 



562           501 
1,323       1  323 

i 

562 

8 

Tolstoi,    EntrliHli    Bay, 

;       ■ 

323 

9 

299  1        299    

034           033               1 

299 

10 

634 

11 

KnaliHli  Hay  





214  1         214 

427  1        427 

1,343       1,341 

1,106       1,106 

1,116       1    lli 

214 

14 

2' 

427 

14 
13 

NortheaHt  Point 

1,343 
1  166 

15 

1,116 

IB 

EiigliHh  liav.   Middle 
Hill,    Tolstoi 

: 

850 
586 
833 
701 
651 
376 

1.064 

371 
1,891 
1,161 
1,007 

659 
1,770 

955 
1,555 

498 

2.158 
.581 
441 

1,070 
926 

1,503 

794 

490 , 

1,050 

1,319 

1,202 

856 

566 

850 
585 
833 
701 
051 
370 

1,064 

371 
1,890 
1,161 
1,006 

659 
1,770 

955 
1,555 

498 

2, 1.58 
!-.81 
441 

850 

10 



ri85 

17 

Uftlfwiiy  Point 

833 

17 

701 

18 

051 

18 

376 

in 

Knglish   iJav,    Middle 
Hill,    Tolstoi 

1  064 

19 

371 

21 

Southwest  liav.         '           .    . 

1 

1    UOI 

21 

Northeast  Point [ 

1   IRI 

22 



........ 

1,007 

22 

059 

23 

1  770 

23 

Northeast  Point ' 

055 

24 

Zoltoi 

1  555 

21 

Northeast  Point 

498 

25 

Ueef,  Zoltoi.  English  ; 
liav.     .Middle    11  ill,  | 
'J'olstoi    1 



2,168 
581 

25 



26 

do 

441 

28 

1,070 

1,070 

28 

Northeast  Point ' 

920 

D26 

29 

Entilish     liay,    Tolstoi,  1 

1,.503 
791 

1  Rns 

29 

Northeast  Point 

'70! 

30 

Ilalfwav  Point 

490                            490 

30 

1 ,  066                         I  056 

Julv     1 

1 
2 

2 

1.318               1         1  319 

Northe'  .it  J'oint 1 

1,202        ..               1  202 

Southwest  Hay 

j 

856    H.56 

586    666 

Northeast  Point 1 

1 

0 

N 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


397 


TaMtH  Hliowiiii)  ill  dutail  all  killing  of  fur  neals,  lic. — Contiuucd. 
ST.  I'AI'I,  ISLAND-Continued. 


84 
49 
7 
5 
300 
49 
15;t 
6G2 

323 

299 

634 

214 

427 

1,343 

1,186 

1,11« 

85U 
r>85 
833 
761 
U51 
376 

1,004 

371 
1.891 
1.161 
1,007 

059 
1,770 

955 
1,  555 

498 


2,158 
581 
441 

1,070 
026 

1,503 

794 

490 

1,0.56 

1,319 

1,202 

H5G 

506 


HoalH  killed  lor  nntiviw'  foixl. 


ScalH  klUecl  for  Bkina 
Tor  leHHecN. 


Xov 


Dec. 


I>ntc. 


July     3 


7 

8 
8 
9 

0 
10 

12 
13 

12 
14 

14 
15 

15 
10 
16 
17 

17 
19 
19 
20 

20 
21 
21 
22 

22 
23 

23 
24 

24 

20 


UiMikcirv. 


I'llpH. 


Ilnclii-' 

,     llll'H. 


SkliiH 
ao- 


Skiim 
r«- 


I  ceptcd. j  Jouted. 


Itai'lii'. 

1(118. 


Skins     Skins 

ai--  le- 

ceiited.   lectod. 


liiwrimd  Ziilfiii 

Kn^'lJHli  Itavanil  lolHlni 

NortliisiHl  I'ljjiil 

Hallway  I'Dinl 

NorllKiaHl  I'ciinl 

/(iltiii,  lii^of,  and  l.tikan- 
non 


Mortlii  »H|  I'lilnt 

SoiitliwiHt  Hay 

Ndi'theaHt  I'oitit ■ 

KnuliHhltav,Mi<ldli:llill, 

ToIhIoI 

XiirlliiiiHt  Point 

Ktol,  Zoltoi,  Krio/H,  and 

Liikannon 

Hallway  I'oint, 

SoiilliHcHi      Hay     niid 

SolltllWCHl  I'oillt 

NoitlioaHt  I'oint 

KiiKlisli  llav  and. Middle 

inii 


AUf.'.    3 

'     » 

19 

30 

Sejit.    6 

17 

29 

Oct.    11 

28 

5 

0 

8 

10 

22 

23 

1 

21 


NortliciiHt  I'cdnt 

/oltoi,  Ki'.'f,  Kitovii,  I,n- 

kannon 

NoiilioaMt  I'oiiil 

Hallway  I'oint 

.NorlliiaHt  I'oint 

iSoutliwoHl     Hay    and 

Sot)tliwi-Ht  I'onil 

Xort  iicaHt  I'oint 

I't'Ct'  and  /oltoi 

N()rtlu*aHt  I'oint 

KnuliHhltay.Middlollill, 

'I'olrttoi 

NorllioaHt  I'oint 

Halfway  I'oint 

Nortln'aat  I'oint 

SotitliwoHl    Hay    and 

SoiilliweHi  I'oint 

Nurilioaat  I'oint 

Uccf.  /.oltoi,  I.iiknnnoii, 

and  Kelova 

NoitlioaHt  Point 

KnL'lish  Uavnnd  .Mirldio 

Hill ■ 

NorthoaMt  Point ...      ... 

Halfway    I'oini,    Socilli. 

wi'hI   Hay,  l.nkaniion, 

Zolt<M 

Zoltoi 


1,203 

1,103 

1, 180 

942 

800 

1,  009 

1,187 

1,460 

952 

1,503 
030 

1, 133 
1,0U 

1,  442 
1,501 

1,074 
002 

1,957 
899 
1)37 

1,013 

.i  '2,057 

.1  407 

.!  2,312 

.1  753 


.i  3,140 

.1  801 

.|  1,478 

.;  312 


1,250! 

1.101 ; 

1,180 
1142 
860 

1.1167 

1,187 

1.406 

U52 

1,502 
6.tO 

>     1,132 
!     1,044 

1,442  ;. 

1,501  |. 

1,074  ;. 

602  |. 

1,956  i 
899    . 
937    . 

1,013  |. 

i 
2,  055  '• 

407 ;. 

2,312    . 
753    . 

3,140  . 

801  . 
1,475 

312  . 


2,015 
923 

3,147 
739 

1, 025 
858 


•-',015    ... 
923    ... 


:i,  147 
739 

1,624 
658 


H.cf. 


do. 
.do. 
.do. 

do. 

di>. 


do 

do 

do 

ICe<:f  and  l.nkaiinon. 

I!eef 

do 

...  do 

TolHtol 

Uief 

Tolrttoi 


708 
44.'> 
OHO 
711 


1,52 
134 
Ml 
148 
146 
148 
144 
1.52 


75 
151 
i:il 

05 


1,993  !     1,987 


143 


1 

3 

1 

143 

146 

148 

144 

0 


379 
289 
380 
101 


;i7H 

287 
37H 
191 


Total 2,8'24  I    3,081       '2,480 

I  I  ' 


Total 

kilU'd 

for  all 

pur- 

POHUH. 


1,203 

1,  I8:i 

1,180 

942 

806 

1,1169 

1,187 

1,466 

952 

1,563 
630 

1,133 
1,044 

1,442 
1,501 

1,074 
002 

1,957 
899 
937 

1,013 

2,057 
407 

2,312 
753 

3,140 
801 

1,476 
312 

2,015 
923 

3,147 
739 

1,025 
658 


001   I  82, 180     82, 150  ;  30 


1.093 
75 
152 
134 
06 
148 
146 
148 
144 
152 
768 
445 
000 
711 
379 
289 
380 
191 


88, 085 


398 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


Tahlen  nhowing  in  (Itlait  all  killiiiij  of  fur  mvh,  etc. — Continued. 
.ST.  OKOKGK  ISLAND, 


Date. 


Mm-   IH 

■in 

JllILI'      S 

u 

Id 

14 
17 


•a 
July     1 


10 

i:; 

14 
15 
10 

21  ' 

22  i 

2a 


Kodkorv. 


Souls  killer!  I'ur  iiiilivi'M'  I'od'l. 


I'UpH. 


IJiii'bo- 
lors. 


:i9 

1U2 

4 

81 


SkiiiH 

ac- 
cepted. 


37 

102 

4 


.SkiUH 

re- 
jected. 


2!l 


SealH  killed   fur  skins 
I'or  U'SHee.s, 


Hnclie 
lors. 


I  Skills 
ae- 


Skins 


cepted.  jected. 


Totnl 

killed 

t'ui'  III! 

pur- 

IHJHeS. 


1, 


430 
770 


Aug. 

0 

17 

23 

Sept.    ti 

Oct.    'Jli 

•-'8 

Nov.     8 

13 


K.iat 

North 

Captiiri'd  »kins 

/ii))iHlnie  I'ooil  .^kiiiH 

Stai-rv  Atcel,  North,  and  j 

Ea.-il  

/apadniu 

Starry  Ateel,  Nortli,  and  \ 

Ka.st 

Zapadnii' 

Starrv  Alecl  and  Norlli 

Kant" 

/apadnie 

do 

Starrv  At  eel  and  North 

Kast' 

/.aiiadiiio 

Starrv  Ateel  and  North.' 

East' 

Starry  Alccland  North. 

Zapadnie i 

Ka.st ' 

Starrv  Ateel  and  North. 

Zajiadnic 003 

Starrv  Ateel  and  North 

Kast ' 

East  and  Norl  h 


1,428 
779 


1,438 

1,430 

843 

843 

742 

742 

343 

343 

306 

300 

288 

288 

632 

032 

482 

481 

620 

020 

ri03 

409 

650 

648 

867 

805 

74,'i 

745 

HH8 

888 

712 

707 

003 

003 

853 

844 

527 

527 

205 

204 

rth 

do  . 

Kant .... 

North 

Knst 

North  . .    -    

....do.. 

759 

Ea«t 

527 

East  . . . 

on 
al 

the 

To 

1.280 

14 
11 

66 
42 
70 
70 


14 


66 
41 

70 


11 


24 


3 

12 


12 


544 


413 


131      14.006     14,  ,'■.78 


28 


39 

102 
4 

81 

1,430 
779 

1,438 

843 

742 

313 

306 

288 

632 

482 

020 

503 

050 

807 

745 

888 

712 

fl63 

853 

,527 

295 

14 

11 

66 

42 

70 

76 

759 

24 

527 

3 

12 


16, 43« 


TOTAL  rOU  ST.  I'.VfL  AND  ST.  (JEORGE  ISLANDS. 


Island. 


Seals  killed  lor  natives' 
food . 


Seals  killed  for  skins 
for  leasees. 


Totals    of    bachelors  ' 
killed.  acco]ited,  and     Total 


rnjccted. 


ipnps.«|;;^'-"i'vr'ls^i'-' 

1  '"™-     cepted  .jected.     '""•    I  ccptcd. 


I 


St.  I'aiil 2,824     3,081      2,480         001      82, 180     82, 150 

St.Georne i  1,280         544         413         131      14,6)16     U,  .578 


S|jj,"-  I  Bache- 
jected.j 


lors. 


Skins     Skins 

ac-      I     re- 
cepted.  .jected. 


-I  - 


30  !  85,261  !  84,630 
28  I  15,1,50  i  14,991 


631 
159 


killed 
for  all 
pur- 
poses. 


88,  085 
16, 430 


Total 


4,110     3,625  ,  2,1: 

I  I 


732     9«,  786  ,  96, 728 


58  ,100,  411  ,  99,  621 


700  I  104,  521 

I 


39 

4 

81 


1,438 
843 
742 
343 
3116 
288 
632 
482 
1120 
503 
G50 
867 
745 
888 
712 
(;63 
853 
r)27 
295 
14 
11 
68 
42 
70 
76 
759 
24 
527 
3 
12 


88, 085 
HI,  436 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 
Tables  showing  in  dvtail  all  killing  of  fur  seals,  efc— Contiuuod. 

ST.  PAl'l,  LSLANl). 


399 


DlltK. 


Ma.v 


July 


SeaU  killed  for  hi.IIvch'  fouit. 


23 

21 
24 

2'. 

27 

27 

2H 

2H 

2i) 

2!) 

'Ml 

3(1 

1 

I 

2 

2 

4 

4 

r> 


0 

fl 

7 
7 
H 
8 
II 

u 

12 

12 
13 
13 
14 
II 
15 
15 
10 
Hi 
17 
18 
18 
1» 

19 

2U 

20 
21 

21 
22 


SenlH  killed  I'or  skiiiii 
tor  k'HHOfS. 


Itookory. 


H«!i'f  and  Soutliwcst  Ilivy , 

NiirlliwiHt  rciiiit , 

ToUlni 

lioif  and  /(iltoi 

Tnistni 

SiiMlliwi-.it  llav 

Heit  and  Zoll'oi 

Mnllway  I'oiiit 

KiiKli.'di  Hay  and  Tolstoi. 

.Soiit Invent  ^luy 

Nditlieast  Point    


I'npa. 


Haehe 
lor.t. 


275 


Skiiin 


Skins 
re- 


cepted.   .jcctid. 


Itaclie- 
loin. 


HkiiiH      Skina 

ue-  re- 

"Opted,   .jeclod. 


275 


Itecr. 


NorlheaBt  I'oint 

I''.nt;li»li     Ha.y,    ToUtoi, 

and  Liikannon 

Northeast  I'oiut 

IlaHua.y  I'oiiil 

Nortliea.-t  Point 

Kief  and  Zoltoi 

N'ortheast  I'oint 

'I'olstoi,     Middlii     Hill, 

Kneliali  Jiay 

Wi!Bt  Point,  Sontlnrest 

Hay 

Norllicast  Point 

Keel',     Zoltoi,      Ketova, 

l.iikannon 

Norlhi'ast  Point 

Middlu  Hill  and  Toliiloi. 

Nortlieast  Point 

Halfway  Point 

Northeast  Point 

Kli:;liMli  liay 

Northeast  I'oint 

Heef  and  Zoltoi 

Nortlieast  Point 

TidHtuiaiid  Middle  Hill. 

Nortlieaat  Point 

Heef,  Zoltoi.  and  Liikan- 

lion -. . 

Northeast  Point  

Halfway  Point 

Nortlmaat  Point 

Kiiftlish  liay  and  T<dstoi. 

.Northtiast  Point 

Keaf  and  Zidtoi 

Nortlieaat  Point 

Soiitlnvest  Hay 

Nortluiaat  Point 

KiikIisIi    Hay,     Tolstoi, 

anil  l.iikaiinon 

NortheaH    Point 

]li»:t',  Zidtoi,  and  Kotova. 

Nortliuaat  I'oint 

Halfway  Point 

Northeast  Point 

Tolstoi  and  I.iikannon  .. 

.Northeast  Point 

;tee'  and  Zoltoi 

.Northeast  Point 

\V*oHt  Point 

Southwest  iiay 

Northeast  Point 

Kiiglish      Hav.     Middle 

Hill,  Tolstoi 

Northeast  Point 

Keef  Zoltoi.  I.ukannoii, 

and  Ketova 

Northeast  Point- 

llallwa.v  I'oint  an.  La- 


13H 

3i5 

■Mil 
411? 
52li 
7.50 
7115 
523 
1,8911 
1,641 
4r2 

1,0U4 
1,  172 
1,314 

.521 
1.  105 

Too 

1.901 

1,180 
1.  205 


(,'0(111 

Northeast  Point 

Enuliali     Hay,     Tolstoi, 

MiddlolXill 


2,  038 
922 

3,  299 
1.092 

1,397 
798 


138 
419 
314 
.5(11 
407 
526 
750 
7B5 
523 
1,899 
1,041 
452 

1,004 
1,  172 
1.314 

,521 
1.  1115 

709 

1,961 

1,180 
1,205 


2.  904 

2,  964 

091 

001 

1,895 

1,895 

1,144 

1,144 

1,004 

1.0(14 

1,203 

1.2113 

1,1112 

1,  102 

1,21)1 

1.201 

1,010 

1,016 

024 

024 

1.703 

1,703 

1.190 

1,  190 

2,  023 

2, 010 

1,050 

1,(150 

990 

990 

1,247 

1.247 

1.022 

1,1118 

991 

994 

1,  125 

1,  125 

795 

795 

2, 065 

2.  001 

429 

429 

2,  595 

2, 593 

2,  219 

2,219 

3,  029 

3,  028 

1,  930 

1,930 

1,201 

1,201 

826 

820 

1.298 

1,298 

803 

8(13 

080 

OhO 

540 

540 

617 

017 

2.  108 

2,  105 

1.071 

1,071 

2.  037 
922 


3,  294 
1,  092 


1.397 
798 


1,  877  I     1, 876  1 


Total 
kllluil 
for  nil 
pur- 
poses. 


275 
138 
419 
315 
.501 
407 
526 
7,50 
765 
523 
1,  899 
1,641 
452 

1,004 
1,172 
1,314 

521 
1,165 

709 

1,961 

1.180 
1,205 

2, 964 
091 
1,895 
1,144 
1,604 
1,203 
1,162 

1,  201 
1,016 

024 
1,703 
1,196 

2,  023 
1,0.56 

990 
1,247 
1,022 

994 
1, 125 

795  ■ 
2, 065 

429 

2.  595 
2.219 

3.  029 
1,930 
1,  201 

826 

1,  298 
803 
086 
546 
017 

2. 108 
1,671 

2,  038 
922 

3,209 
1,092 

I,. 197 
798 

1,877 


400 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


Tables  ghowimj  in  tlitail  all  killing  of  fur  aeala,  etr 

tHSt. 
ST.  PAITL  ISLAXD-Coiilimicil. 


-Continued. 


Kookery. 

Seals  killed  lor 

iiaiivea 

'  food. 

SoalH  killi'il  for  gkiiiH 
for  lesHeea, 

Total 
killed 

DalK. 

I'llpH. 

Baclie- 
lorH. 

1 

SkiiiH 

ac- 
ueiitvd, 

Skinn 

re- 
.jectod. 

llni'liii 
lorH. 

SkliiM     Skiim 

Ht:-            ro- 
cujitcd.  Jected. 

for  all 

pur- 

poHet). 

.Iiilv  22 

2;i 

I 

1,082 

2, 226 
232 

1,082    

1,082 

SuiithwuHl     Hay,    Iteel', 

1 

2,226 
232 

2,226 
232 

24 

Tiplstoi 

31 

Nortlii'iiHt  Point  

3U 
137 
113 
201) 
521 
4(13 
3011 
192 

too 

116 
108 
76 

30 

137 

113 

,  2U7 

511) 

403 

356 

IH6 

75 

41 

50 

44 

39 

137 

Auk.    1 

/oltni                 

do         '              

113 

10 

Rcrt' iiiid  Liikitiiiiifn           .... 

'2 
2 

209 

'*4 

.521 
403 
350 

Sept.    ."■> 

u 

MiSille  ilil'l 

Kiiglish  llav 

i 

15 

Ziiltoi 

0 
25 
75 
58 
32 

1 

192 

28 

do 

1 

100 

Oct.      0 

....  do -■ -- 

116 

17 

do 

108 

26 

...    do 



76 

Nov.     1 

Kci' 

1.013 

1,132 

32 

1  013 

3 

.  do 

1 

1  i:;2 

4 

....  do 

32 

g 

/,i)ltoi 

05 
611 

82 
185 
450 

Ifl:) 

05 
,500 

78 
185 
445 

107 

<I5 

7 

iliddlo  Hill 

21 
4 



(ill 

25 

IjHcf 

1*2 

26 

Middle  Hill  nudTol.stoi. 
do 

::::::::::::::::i:::::::: 

185 

Deo.     0 

5 
2 

450 

15 

Sen     I.ion     Kock     uiid 

169 

Total 

2,177 

4,  207  I 

3, 075 

232 

82, 708 

82, 670 

29 

80  102 

.ST.  (iEOKGE  ISLAND. 


May 
Jane 


,Tulv 


20 

28 

9 

14 

15 
20 
21 

25 

27 

28 

30 

1 

4 

0 

8 
11 
12 

14 
18 
10 


ill)?. 


Oct. 
Nov 


North 

do 

North  niid  EaHt... 
North    and    Ea.st, 

Starry  Atcel 

Zapaduio 

.do. 


and 


Starry  Atcel,  North,  nud  | 

East 

East 


12 
20 


Sept. 


10 

10 

24 

1 

7 


Zapadnie , 

Starry  At<'el  and  North  . 

EaHt 

Starry  -Meel  and  North  . 

/.apadnin 

East,  North,  and  Starry 
Att-el 

East ■. . 

Zapadni(^ 

Starry,  Ateel,  Near,  and 
North 

East , 

Zapadnic 

Near,  North,  and  Starry 
Atcel  

East 

Starry  Atcel  and  North 

Near 

East 

do 

do 

do 

Near 

Zapaduie , 

do , 

East 

Near 

....  do 


Total. 


25 
32 


742 
614 


53 
41 
87 
23 
01 
44 
24 
45 
126 
24 


1,356 


585 


25 
32 


I      I 


53 
41 


128 
21 


471 


114 


3!10 

465 
427 
261 

074 
533 
590 
847 
410 
100 
883 

1,.321 
421 
701 


390 

405 

427 
201 

974 
533 

599 
84  0 
409 
100 
883 

,  321 
421 
701 


1,200  i  1,290 
1,600  I  1,500 
1,077  I     1,077 


894 

1,130 

480 


804 

1, 130 

480 


14,727  I  14,725 


25 
32 

390 

465 
427 
261 

074 
533 
599 
847 
410 
100 
883 

1,  .321 
421 
701 

1,296 
1.500 
1,077 

894 

1,130 

489 

53 

41 

87 

23 

61 

44 

24 

45 

126 

766 

614 


2       16.668 


•dilv 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


401 


Table  shoiritnj  in  ilitail  <iU  kiUinij  of  fur  neah,  etc. — Coiitiiuu'cl, 

iNNr. 

TOTAI.  FOR  ST.    I'MTf,  AND  ST,   UEOllOE  ISI.AXPS. 


ImIimkI. 


SI.  I'nul 

SI.  CuMirgii... 

Total  . 


fniKl.  Ii.r  lumucn.  M\WA,  llci(.|.lHl,  iilKl       l„iii 


fund. 


l'll])H. 


2,177 

i,;t.ifl 


iHni'lie- 
I   lorH, 


HklnRiSkins 


till'  luatCL'H. 


ejeotcU, 


I  killiMl 
- —  ,  lor  nil 


ItiK 

lorn. 


•he- 1  '"''"''  i  ^'*'"''   lliKlic-  '  ^'*''"'  '  ^'*'"'  I    I""" 


4, 207     3,  &75  I      232     82, 708  i  82, 670 
,W5        471  '      114  I  14,727     U,723 


l,5;j;t  :  4,7U'J  ,  4,446  ,      316  I  U7,  4:15     117,  4U4 


loiB. 


29     86.  fll.'i     86, 8fi4 
2      15, 312     15,196 


ro-     I   poHfH. 


261 

116 


80,  002 
10,068 


31    102,227    101,850         377  |  10,5,700 

'ill 


INNN. 
ST.  I'AITI,  ISLAND. 


25 
32 

390 

465 
427 
261 

974 
033 
599 
847 
410 
100 
883 

1,321 
421 
701 

1,200 
1.509 
1,077 

894 
1.130 
489 
53 
41 
87 
23 
61 
44 
24 
45 
12B 
766 
614 

~16,668 


ScalH  killvil  for  niilivt's   fooil. 


I'liiw. 


liiirlic- 
lors. 


.Iiiiii' 


JiiD.    25 
May  19 


.1  iilv 


Xorthi'nst  I'oint 

'I'olHloi.    Hti't',   anil 

Liou  lioik 

l{e«f 

do 

Norllieant  I'oint 

Kwf. 


23 
22 
25 


20 
27 

27 

2^ 
28 
29 
29 
30 

:io 

2 

3 
3 
4 
4 


131 
113 

82 

82 


Skiim 

ai- 
copted. 


532 

121 
113 
82 

82 


Skiii« 

re- 
.jectcd. 

13 
10 


Seal.s  killed  for  skins 
for  li  HsePH. 


Itaclu.-     '^'^'"» 
''"•"•      cepted. 


Skinx  I 

re-     I 

Jectnd. 


Kwfand  Zoltoi 

Tolstoi 

Southwest  Jfnv 

Knulish  Jiay 

lliilfway  Point 

KiM^f  and  Zoltoi 

Sou tli west  liay 

Nortliciist  I'oint 

Tolstoi 

Northeaftl.  I'oint 

Itcof  and  Zoltoi 

Nortlicast  I'oint 

Halfway  I'oint 

Enjilish    liay,     Tolstoi. 

Midill. 'Hill 

Northeast  I'oint 

do 

Southwest  Hay 

Northeast  Point 

EnuliHhliay.  MiildleHill. 

anti  Tolstoi 

Xorllieast  I'oint 

Iteef.  Zoltoi,  Ketova,  and 

Lukaniion 

Northi'ast  I'oint 

Halfway  I'oint 

Northeast  I'oint 

Sou t h west  Hay 

NortheiiHt  I'lilnt 

Middh' Hill. English  liay, 

and  Tidst(ii 

N'cu'theast  Point 

Keef  and  Zoltoi 

Norllu'ast  Point 

Halfway  I'oint 

Xorthiast  Point 

Southwest  Hay I 

Xorllieast  I'oi'nl j 

Knclish  Hay, Tolstoi,  ami 

Lukannon 

Nortlieast  Point [ 

Keef  and  Zoltoi 

Northeast  Point 

Halfwav  I'oint 


H.  Doc.  92- 


121  I 

175 
342 
543 
587 
428  ; 
789 
704 
1,490 
490 

g:iu 
1.  too 

1,004 
801 

702 
505 
073 
1.440 
870 

1,188 
1,509 

2, 005 

850 

911 

1,181) 

1,  098 

025 

1,  025 

084  I 
2,071  I 
1,413 
1,188 
1,439 
S22 
1.241 

1,  942 

446 

1,491 

1,000 

490 


121 

175 

342 

543 

584 

428 

788 

764 
1,400  I 

400 

930 
1,308  1 

1,  604  I 
799 

700  ' 
505 
973  I 
1,440 
870 

1,158 
1.509 

2,  005 
850 
911 

1,180  . 

1,008  . 

025  . 

1,025  . 

064  . 

2,071  . 

1,413  . 

1,188  . 

1,4:19  . 

822 

1,241  . 

1,942  . 

446  . 
1,491  . 
1,60J  . 

490  {. 


Total 
killed 
for  all 

jiur- 

1)OHOH. 


545 

131 

113 

82 

82 

121 

175 

•(42 

543 

587 

428 

789 

764 

1,400 

490 

930 

1,400 

1,004 

801 

702 
605 
973 
1,440 
870 

1,158 
1,609 

2, 1)05 

850 

911 

1,  180 

1,098 

625 

1,025 

904 

2,071 

1,413 

1.18H 

1,439 

822 

1,241 

1,942 
446 

1,491 

1,609 

490 


.'>r 


402 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


Tahle  ihou'lng  in  detail  all  killing  of/urienh,  e<o.— Continued. 

t«Hm. 
ST.  I'AUL  ISLAND-Contlnued. 


Dat«. 

Iliiukeiy. 
Ndrtlicafli  Point 

HenlH  k 

1*11  pH. 

nied  for 
llBclie- 

loi'H.      ' 

iiiillveii 

Hklim 

lie- 
('t'ltti'd 

food. 

SkliiH 

re- 
jected. 

SenJH  killed  for 
lor  l»'HneeN 

HkillH 

Skio^ 

re- 
.lected. 

1 

Total 

killed 

for  ull 

IMir 

poitOH. 

July    7 
0 

000 

2,308 

1.740 

1,083 

0.59 

1,.')67  i 

027  I 

1,337 

012 

77:> 

550 

481 

2.  0(14 

1,038 

2,055 

1,328 

2,216 

1,1104 

1,410 

705 

2,018 

640 

1,157 

190 

742 

l,2fiO 
017 
347 

07(1 

1,010 

1,028 

1,  353 
650 

950 

005 

2,398 

1,740 

1,082 

959 

1,554 
927 

1,337 
012 
773 
550 
480 

2. 0(14 

1.  038 

2,  054 
1,328 
2,210 
1,(104 
1,410 

705 
2,018 

646 
1.157 

100 

742 

1,  260 
017 
347 
070 

1,019 

1,028 

1,  353 

1 
1 

1 

i 

a 

Z'l 

> 

uoo 

Kii«IIm1i     Hbv.    TolMtol, 
I.iikiiniiiiii.'aiiil  .Miilillv 
mil     

2,  308 

0 



1,710 

10 

llccf  iitul  /ttlini      

1,(IH3 

10 

0,50 

12 

KnuliH)i     Itiiv.     Middle 
liill   iiinl  TiilHtni 

1,5,57 

12 

o:;7 

III 

KoMtli wt'Ht  llav ' 

1,337 

];t 

UI2 

14 

Halfwiiv  I'niiit 

773 

14 

5.'i0 

15 

481 

IH 

HtM't'  unci  /(iltiii .' 

2,  004 

16 

N»n't life  ttt.  Point    

1 .  038 

17 

I'^iiulinti  r*ii\' 1(11(1  Tol.stui. 

2,  0.55 

J7 

1 

1,328 

18 



2,216 

IH 

Noi'tlifiir*t  i'oiiit 

1  004 

10 

Mjiilwnv  I'i'int 

1,410 

10 

705 

20 

Jlt'ft'  ami  /iiltoi      

2,018 

2U 



040 

21 

Kn^liKti  lUiy  and  TolHtol. 
I.a«r,Hm....' 

1,157 

21 

1 

101) 

21 

742 

'SJ 

Kf«ul,LtiUnunnn,  and/ul- 
t(d 

1,269 

23 

1 

017 

24 

1 

!          347 

24 

Noi't  iM'UMt  I'oiiit ' 

1 

1          070 

2,') 

KKiflisli     Mav.    TnlHtoi,  | 
and  Middir  Hill 

1.010 

2.'> 



1.028 

2« 

Kcut',  /.oltoi,  and  I.nkaii*  1 

1,353 

26 

1 

650  1 

650 

27 

SoutliweHt  itavHiid  Zol-  1 
toi '. 1 

9S0 

05" 

Aug.    2 

8 

Zoltoi 

177 
140 
159 

364 

321 

10 

114 

100 

08 

08 

83 

98 

T        111 

120 

177 
140 

177 

do 

140 

16 

do 

159 

3(i2 
.'PI 



159 

23 

iMiddle  Hill  and  LukHii-  1 

2 

t 

361 

24 

Zoltoi 

321 

24 

....  do 

10 
1          98 
97 
08 
98 
83 
08 
111 
126 

' 



10 

Sept.    6 
l!i 

::::'io::::::::::;. .::::::':      : 

Hi 
3 

114 

,lo i 



100 

22 

.  ,(lo 1 

08 

29 

.     .(jo 1 



08 

1           «3 
U8 

Oct.     10 

litikHiinoii        1 

18 

Middle  Mill ! 

1 

1 

27 

dii 

1 

1 

111 

Nov.     3 

Middle  Uill  nud  /oltni 

i     ■■    ■ 

1 

120 

B 

Keef 

Tin 

547 
7  Mi 



761 

7 

.   .  .do 

n47 

8 

.  .do 

1 

1 

716 

0 

do 

154 

_ .  : 

1                ' 

154 

1.1 

MiddleHill 

277 
111 
129 
206 

78 

277 
111 

■                1 

277 

26 

R.M"f 

do 

' 

111 
129 
206 

i            78 

30 

127 

o 

1 

Dec.  17 

TidHtoi 

190             It! 

::::::::i::::::::i:::::::: 

2« 

Scft  Lion  Rock 

1 

78 

1 

Totiil 2,178  I    3,782  I    3,700 


62     80,330  ,  80,314 


16  ,     86,270 


uoo 


2,  388 

1,740 

1,083 

1)50 

1,  557 
027 
1,337 
012 
773 
650 
481 
2,004 
1,038 
2,055 
1,328 
2,216 
1,001 
1,410 
705 
2,018 
040 
1,157 
100 
742 

1,2«0 
1(17 

:i47 

070 

1,610 
1,028 

1,353 
650 

060 
177 
140 
159 

364 
321 

19 
114 

lUU 

tw 

S8 
«3 
118 
HI 
1211 
761 
r.17 
71« 
151 
277 
111 
12U 
'  21)6 

1  78 

86, 270 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 
Tdl'lm  shiiwiiiy  in  detail  all  kilHny  of/iir  aiah,  etc. — Continuod. 

INNN. 
ST.  (lICOIKiK   lSI,.\N'n. 


403 


Dati*. 

Sc'hIh  k 

Uuiikt'r>  . 

1  I'upH. 

1 

illed  I'm 

1 
llachu- 
lom. 

natlven'  food. 

Skina     Skina 

ac-          ru- 
ceptod,  .loctcd. 

SralakillcHl  for  akina 
lor  le«Ht<ea. 

Total 
killed 

Ilnidie- 
hira. 

121 
272 

455 

227  1 
427 

324 
704 
911 
895 
438 
343 
343 
532 
,'.03 
05(1 
380 
1,170 
820 
518 
705 
410 
002 
366 

534 
179 

403 
150 

,521 
144 

410 

Skin* 

ao- 

oepted. 

121 
272 

455 
227 
427 

324 
7(t4 
9(18 
894 
438 
341 
341 
53(y 
,503 
018 
380 
1, 109 
810 
,5(18 
U04 
407 
083 
366 

550 
170 

405 
150 

520 
142 

408 

Bkina 
ro- 

,)ectea. 

3 

1 

"2 

2 

2 

i' 

10 
10 

'J 

0 
4 

1 

for  all 

pur- 

poiea. 

North 

121 

11 

272 

12 

.Starry  Ateel,  Norlli,  and 
East 

1 

4.15 

16 

18 

do 

1 

227 

427 

Starry  .Muul,  North,  and                 1 
Kaiit 

324 

....do 

704 

npodulA     

Oil 

urry  At*'cl  and  Nortli 

895 

KllHt 

4:18 

20 

Stiirry  Ateid  ond  North 

343 

.Tiil.V     2 
3 

/iipiidiiio 



343 

Ka»t 

532 

4 

tStarrv  Ateel  and  Nurtti.    ... 

1 

503 

6 

Bnat 

■       1        ■■     1 

650 

0 

/apaduie 

,'189 

10 

Stiirrv  A  toel  and  North .    ... 

1,170 

12 

Kant 

1 

820 

13 

Starry  Ateel  and  North. 

518 

16 

/upndnie 

7(15 

17 

North 

410 

18 
1',l 
20 

23 
24 

25 
211 

27 
27 

A  UK.    0 

0 

15 

20 

28 

Sept.    5 
27 

Starry  Attel  and  E«Ht..[ 

1 

0U2 

/apadnie '. 

Starry  A  toel.  North,  and 
EniJt ' 

1 

360 
554 

Xapadnio 

170 

Starry  Ateol,  North,  and 
Kast 

■'! 

4U5 

Zapnflnic* 

150 

Starry  Ateol,  North,  and 
Kaat  

! 1 

521 

144 

Starry  Ateel,  North,  and 
Eaa't 

' 

410 

Near ... 

3t) 
30 
37 
101 
404 
428 
40 
73 

32               7 
32               7 
:i5            2 
nil   

39 

Nort  h 

39 

do 

"      ' 

37 

Kaat 

191 

Starry  Ateel  and  North 

MaHt  and  Starry  Ateel     

494    



494 

:iO(i             32 

40 

1        711  ; 

428 

North 

40 

Oct.    2(1 

North  and  JDoHt 

73 

Nov.     1 

Nortli 010 

610 

5 

do 3liK 

368 

Aug.  20 

to 
Oct.  ;«). 

Zapadnio     (for     watch- 
men)   1 

08 

1 

,          08    

1 

'            08 

Total 078 

1,400 

1,321             88 

1  14,647 

I  14,582 

(15 

17, 1134 

TOTAL  FOU  ST.  I'ATTL  AND  ST.  GEORGE  ISLANDS. 


SeaU  killed  for  natives'  food. 

S.>iil..kmnil  f.irMkin,.        '"'"'     "*'      haclielorH 

Total 
kill.'d 
for  nil 
I>ur- 
poat^H. 

Pups. 

liache- 
lors. 

Skins 

ac- 
cepted. 

Skins 

re- 
jected. 

Baeho-i  S^i""     Slf'"* !  llacho- 
'•"•«•     copied,  .jected.    >""• 

SkinH 

ac- 
cepted. 

84,014 
1.5,003 

Skina 

re- 
jected. 

78 
1,53 

St.  Paul 2,178 

St.GcorKO il78 

3, 702 
1, 499 

.■>,  700 
1,  :<21 

02 

88 

1 
80,330     80,314           1«     84,092 
14,047  1  14,582           05  |  Ki.O.'O 

80,  370 
17,  (134 

Total 3,  150. 

5,171     5,021 

150 

04,977  1  04,890           HI    1(10,148 

99,  017 

231 

1(13,  3(14 

404  ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 

Tablet  showimj  in  detail  all  killing  of  far  seals,  etc. — Coiitinnei! 

1889. 
ST.  I'ATTI.  ISLAND. 


f 


SenU  killed  fi>r  natives'  I'ooil. 


Scald  killi'd  for  .skins 
Uiv  li'Hsoe  1. 


Doto. 


y->y  22 
25 

28 

J  line  5 
10 
12 
U 
15 
17 
,'.7 
18 

18 
11) 
1!t 

20 
21 


25 
26 

26 

27 
"7 
28 
28 
29 
2!) 
Julv  1 
I 


(1 
8 

8 
0 

!t 
111 
111 


Hiiiikory. 


PupH. 


i>„.i.«     Skins     Skins  U,    •  „     Skins  '  Skii.s 
'    i^u  ft''-  re-        w  ;1  ■  1     ac-  re- 

""^'*-      ..•iit.Ml.  jcoti'd. '    '""•      ceptea.  Jocted. 


Soa  I.lon  Kiick  . . 

Jleof 

di( 

XtrtlifaRt  I'oint. 
Retif . 


124 
41 

234 


124 
41 

2:i4 


do 

'lolstoi 

/iiltoiand  Ko«f 

SiiiithwDst  J?av 

Uidfway  rniiit 

Nortlirast  I'liiiit 

Kii(,'lifili     liav,     'i'riLsloi,  | 
ami  MiiMllvlIill  

NortluMrtt  i'nillt 

...do 

Keel',  Zoltiii,  and  l.iikaii-  i 
ion .' 

Soiiilnvist  liny 

NortluMst  Voiiit 

Kiij^liMli    liay,     TolHtoi, 
and  .Middl."aiill 

Nortlira-it  I'liint, 

lii'cf  aiidZoltoi ! 

^  liallw.iy  I'diiit  and  Lii-  j 

I      kaiinoii 

:  Norllioast  I'oin* 

Kiitflisli  Hay  and  Middle  I 

1      lliil 

I  Niirthca.st  I'oint 

I  SoiitliwuHt  Jtay 

N'orlhi'a.'tt  I'liint 

1  Ri'il',  /(dtoi.aiid  Ketova. 

I  Noitliiant  I'liint 

i...  do 

EiiuIIhIi  Hay  and  ToIkIoI. 

NorthwiHt  I'oint 

Keel',  /oltoi,  and  Liikaii-  I 
nan 

Ilallway  I'oint 

NorihiMst  I'oint 

Kn^ll.tli     Hay,     'I'liLsloi,  I 


201 
120 
ill? 
7B2 


1,  ii.W  I 
754  I 

2,  578 


9711 
1,407 

1,3!4 
441 
311 
844 

1,34!) 
471)  I 
3:15 

1,038 

1,200 

1.023 

8.(4 
1)1)8 


and  Middle  Hill 
Ui'ef.  Zolloi.  and  l.iikan- 

Iion 

NorlliiMist  I'liint 

SoiilliwPHt  Hay 

-N'ortliiast  I'oint . 

Knyli.'*li     l'a\',    Tolstoi, 

and  .Middli.  Hill 

XortliiaHt  I'liint 

Kiel,  /.oltoi,  and  Liikaii- 

lion 

Xorthca»t  I'oint 

KnKlish  Hay  and  Tolntoi . 


-iKl — ,, - 

Noi'llieast  I'liint. 
Ilallway  I'oint.. 
Nmllii  list  I'oint. 
12  Ki'i'l' and /oltoi. . 
.  Siiulhwe.st  liay.. 
Norllicnat  i'oint. 

ICllL'l 

iFii 

Noli 
Keef, 

IIOI 

\i,ri: 

Hall' 
I  kai 
I  Nortli 

LuKii' 

am' 

I  Norl 

Snntl 


13 

i;< 

15 

\r> 
III 

III 

17 

17 
18 

18 
10 
10 


1,710 
I,  .'i.'i9 
1,255 
1,524 

1,302 
370  ; 

814 

uu 

1,314 
041 

654 

800 

2. '1114  i 

1,00(1 

7'J3 


201 
120 
1)47 
702 


In 


iHliJUy  and  Middle 

11 ; ' 

3,085  i 
1 , 8.18 

, /.oltoi,  and  J-»l.  an-  | 

1.911 

licaat  I'oint ' 

way  I'oint  and  Lu-                 [ 

1.150 
1,931  ■ 

948    : 

ion,    Kiii;linli    Bay,                  1 

ilMiddlollill              ' ' 

2,  040 

1,282 

liwest  Hay 

■2, 017 

koast  I'oint 1 

83i 

:{4o 

3)0 

805 

805 

1,054 

1,054 

1,101 

1,100 

1,270 

1.  •270 

41)4 

41)4 

1,501 

1,  ,V,I 

253 

253 

l,-205 

1,20.^ 

1,31,5 

751 

2.  578 

1)79 
1,407 


1.314 
441 
311 
H44 

1.340 
479 
3.15 

1.U38 

1,21)0 

1,023 
834 
1)08 


1,841  I     1,841 


1.716  . 

1,5.50  '. 

1,255  . 

1,521  . 

1,302  ;. 

370  |. 

813  i 

914  . 

1,314  - 

041  . 

0.-i4  . 

i-'JO  . 

'2,004  I. 

1,0116  . 

793  . 

3,083 

1,838  . 

1,011  I. 

1,l.-.fl  . 

1,031  . 

U48  - 

2,046 

1,282  . 
2.016 

834  . 


Total 
killi'd 
for  all 
imi'- 
poses. 


124 
41 
234 
133 
201 
120 
947 
702 
340 
895 
l,05t 

1,101 

1,  270 
404 

1,501 
253 

1.2115 

l,3.''i5 

754 
"  578 

978 
1,407 

1,314 
441 
311 
844 

1,  349 
479 
335 

1,038 

1,200 

',12'! 
8J4 
'J08 

1,841 

1,716 
1,  5.59 
1.2.'^5 
1,5-24 

1,3112 
370 

814 

UI4 

1,314 

641 

0.-i4 

noo 

2,0114 

1,  000 

7113 

3,  0H5 
1,838 

1,911 
1,  150 

1,11:11 
948 

2,040 

1.282 
2,017 

834 


,ri 


All 

,S,.,, 
0.1 

N- 

Dei 


Ml. 
'Inn 


ilnh 


124 
41 
2^4 
HI) 
201 
120 
U47 
702 
»40 
895 
1,U51 

1,101 

1, 270 

404 

1,  5fil 

2r.3 

1,205 

i.ar.s 

7ri4 

"  '.78 

'.»7B 
1,407 

1,314 
441 

;tii 

S44 

1,  IIW 

479 

■:,X> 

1,(>M 
1,200 

.  ^  02", 

?;4 

1,841 
1,716 

1,  r>5n 

1.2,-^5 
1,524 

1,  ;!02 

;i7fl 

814 
014 

l,:ii4 

041 

fl,-i4 

WW 

2,01.14 

1,000 

7!i;) 

;|.  (|H5 
1,838 

1,911 

1.  IM 

i,o;ii 

948 

2,  04'! 
1,282 
2,017 

8114 


H 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 

Tables  showing  in  Mail  all  killhuj  of  fur  seals,  eto. — Coutiiiutul. 

t»H9. 
ST.  PAUL  ISLAND-rontlnued. 


405 


Dull 


Hnokerv. 


SeaU  killed  Tor  DatWeH'  fowl. 


,SonlH  killiMl  fur  xkiiis 
fcirlcssieM. 


PupH. 


Bacho- 

'    lors. 


Skins 

ao- 
ceptud. 


SkiiiH 

re- 
,iec.t*'«l. 


Ilaclie- 
lorH. 


.lulv 


U.tfaiiilZoltoi 1,913 


I 


An;; 
Scjlt. 

on, 
N- V. 

Dec 


2.) 
23 
24 
24 
25 

25^ 
20 
20  I 
27 
2S) 

29  i 
.10 

;io 
;ti 

:il 
,   0  , 

14  1 

!i 

18  I 


243 


Xiii'thcast  I'oirf 
KTij;li,,lilIiiv.">:  .i.lli;Uill 

iinill"'  '.HiK    1 1,943 

Niirllii'iWt  I'lPinl 1 350 

liocf,  /.(iltm.  II  11(1  Kotovii 1, 122 

Niirtlii'iist  I'diiil ' 740 

Hiilfwav  I'dint 1.384 

N'oitlicast  I'liint 016 

lOiiL'lUli  Itavaiid.Miclillo  I  i 

Hill ■ ' 1,756 


'JO 
4 
lU 

-1 

27 

:io 
n 


Xortlioa«t  I'oint 

SoiitliwiHt  Hay 

Nortlirartl  IViiiit. .  -     

/.iiltci  and  I.iikaiiiK  n. .., 
Kn;:liHU  itavaiid  Ali.l'tlu 

Hill 

XoilliiMiht  I'diiit 

Halfway  I'niiil 

S(iiillnv"i  »t.  liay 

Sort  111  ant  I'lii'iit 

Zolloi 

I.nka'innn 

Zoltni 

do 

Ti>I.Hliii 

/.iiltoi 

do  

<lo  

.!(> 

do 

Liikaiiiion 

/oliiii 

TolHlcii 

Uief 


1 

680 
1,433 
1,105 

1,  643 

1,024 

973 

015 

538 


KkiuH 

m.'- 
cepti'd. 

1,913 
243 

1,943 
350 

1,122 
743 

1,384 
61f. 

1,762 
1 

079 
1,i:i3 
1, 10,', 

1,640 

1,024 

973 

615 

538 


Skinc 

ri!- 
.jecttd. 


Total 

kilktd 

for  all 

pur- 

pOHOH. 


/.a,iadniii. 

Ufof 

/ai>adiii(i.. 


1,C14 
1,236 


160 

156 

16.) 

163 

131 

123 

141 

130 

178 

88 

'.41  . 

110  . 

107  . 

120  . 

103  . 

132 

44 

125 

80 

224 

.'23 

347 

■47 

192 

189 

10 

10 

240 

236 

213 

•240 

91 
141 

no 

107 
120 
103 
88 
45 
1 


Total I     2,  280  I     3,400       2,570 


830  .  8.,  T12     81,098 


ST.  GEORtJE  ISLAND. 


May 
.Iiiiii' 


60 


60 


.ruiv 


4 

10 

III 

21  I 


24 
25  I 
27 
29 
1 


13 


15 
16 


Xortli  .nnd  Kant ' 

Kast ! 

Zapadiiii' I 

...do I 

.StarrvAti'pl,  North,  and  | 

KasI 

Kaal  ' ; 

North  and  Starry  Atcel.i ' 

ZapadniK ! i ! 

Kastiind  Norlli I j 

/apailnic ' ■ I 

Starry  .Mi'id  and  East. .  .| 

/.apailnii' 

North,  ICast,  and  Starry  i 

Atcol 

<l" '     , 

/apadnii' j | 

North,  Kast,  andStar.y  ,  i  I 

At.."l :..! ; 1 

/apadnhi i ' i 

North,  K»Ht.  and  Starry  I  I  I  I 

Atmd ...I '  I  ( 

Zapadnio '< i 1 

North,  East,  and  Starry  ,11 

Atuel ! .1 1 1    1, 


150 

207 
244 

773 
176 
284  I 
596 
486  I 
•223  I 
420 
167 


275 
418 
■229 

I 
270 
182 

«67 
371 

028 


I 


1.56 
207 
244 

773 

176 

■284 

596 

496 

':23 

4'29  I 

167 

275  i 
418  1 
•220 

269 
192 

S67 

371 

1,028 


U 


1,813 
243 

1.94;< 

350 
1,  r22 

740 
1 ,  384 

016 

1,7.56 
1 

08(1 

l,4.-;3 

1,  105 

1,043 
1,624 

uv:: 

015 
538 
16U 
163 
131 
141 
179 
141 

no 

107 

120 

101 

132 

1,  169 

1,4011 

.i47 

19.' 

10 

"40 

.43 

'.  :i,  082 


60 
156 
207 
244 

773 
176 
■284 
CM 
4(81 
223 
429 
167 

275 
418 
2^29 

270 
IU2 

667 

371 

1.028 


406 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


Tablen  showing  in  detail  all  killing  of  fur  seah,  etc. — Continued, 
ST.  OEOBOE  ISLAND— Continued. 


Rookery. 

Seals  killed  lor  iiatiycH 

■  food. 

Seals  killed  for  skins 

lor  h'HBi'Cs. 

Total 
killed 

Hate. 

Pups. 

Baciie- 
lora. 

Skins     Skins 

ar-           re- 
cepted.  Jected. 

1 

Ilaolio- 
lors. 

439 

1,140 
500 

028 
279 

1.430 
942 
5U8 

515 

SkiuH     SkiuB 

ac-     '      re- 
cuptcd.  ,|ectcd. 

1,140    

r,oij  

028    

279    

1 , 430      

for  all 
pur- 
poses. 

July  18 

430 

Niii  ill.  Kasl,  aud  Sliuiv 
Atii'l ".. 

j 

1  140 

•>') 

/a  pad  II  it! 

5U0 

211 

North.  East,  and  Starry 
Atwd ■-. 

! 

028 

24 

Zapaduii' 

279 

25 

North,  East,  and  Starry 
Atecl 

1 

1,430 

27 

do 

942 

508 

942 

28 

C68 

20 

North,  Kant,  nud  Starry 
Ateol 

515    

1 

CIS 

Aug.  10 
19 

North 

55 
50 
48 
04 
50 

.15 

55 

.do 

50 

32 

4 

1 

50 

30 

do 

KilHt 

48 
04 
5il 
33 

.   . 

48 

Supt.     7 
21 

04 

do 

North 

do 

50 

30 

!           33 

:i7 

Oct.    11 

!'7 

37 

21 

32 
1 
(i 

32 

31 

Nortli 

'  *  *  ■ 

4 

do 

do 

Starry  Atcil 

liOU 

i; 

0 

0' 



600 

12 

471               fi 

477 

25 

01 

01 

Total 

1,071           512 

280  .        232 

13,041 

3,042 

1 

15,225 

Island. 


St.  Pniil . . . 

St.  ili'orgi) 


TOTAL  EOK  ST.  I'Al'l.  AND  ST.  GEOUOE  ISLANDS. 


Seals  killed  for  natives' foo<l. 


"-'tills  kille<l  for  skins 
for  lessees. 


I'nps. 


liarhe 

lor.-i. 


.Skins    Skins 

ai'-  ri>- 

eeptod.  ,iecti!d. 


Totals    of    1)ai:lielors 

killi  d,  ai'i'i'pted.and  Total 

rejeited.  ki|i,,d 

_.     ^ __ forall 

Banhe.    ^kins     Skins    n„^,,^.    Skins  '  Skins      p.ir 


lors. 


copied,  .iccted. 


itirs. 


copied,  .iected 


ro-    !  ixjscs. 


,280     3,400     2,570         830     81.712     81.098 


1.071 


512 


280 


232   13.042   13,041 


14   8.'>,  112  84.268  I   844   87,392 


I   14.154   13.021 


233   15, : 


Total 3,351   3,912  2,850   1,002  95.354  95,339 


I 


I 


15     99.206     98,189  I  1,077      Iil'2,lil7 


I 


I 


439 

1,140 
500 

628 
279 

1,430 
942 
668 

515 

55 
50 
4H 
U4 
50 
»3 
37 
32 
4 

eim 

477 
01 


orH 
iiid 

lotnl 
foiiiU 

;to<l. 

|iiir- 

K44 
233 

87,302 

Iu2,til7 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


407 


Fur  aeala  killed  on  the  uland  of  6t,  Paul,  for  all  purpuaes,  froni  1S70  to  1889,  both  inelu- 

[Coinpilt'd  t'rniii  tablen  on  fUv  in  tli«  TrcnHiiry  Uepartninnt.l 

'  i  S«al«   kHlpiI   fnr  xkiim  '  Totals     of     linpliclorB  I  Ornnd 

Seals kiUert for natlvei'fod.    *'*'"''  f,",''L„l  kl>l«<l.  acc-i.tod,  and    totiHo 

I         lOrHSHCCH.         ,         r„|,,,,,,,,l 


Year. 


r-'p-irrl;: 


187(1  . 

1871  . 

1872  . 

1873  . 
1871  . 
1875. 
1870. 
1877. 
1878  . 
1879. 
1880. 
18S1  . 
1882  . 
1883. 
18S4. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889  . 


l",  800 

2,  877 
.1, 121 
5,489 

4,  897 

3,  745 
3, 958 

5,  (107 
5,  'JOO 
5,0711 
4,4131 


2,982 
2,741 
2,  788 
2,824 
2, 177 
2,178 
2,280 


(i.  449 

2,  341 
U,  916 
2, 090 
4,874 
O,  282 
5,  061 
4,041 
4,718 
5, 970 
4,466 
7,  53Ki 
5, 175' 
3, 108! 
3,907 
3, 184 
3, 081 
4,20" 

3,  702 
3,400 


SkiiiH 

nc- 
ccpted 


Skins 

re-    1 
jected. 


Total..!  67,564  90,630 


2,  29(1 
r>,  305 
1.198 
4,  225 
5,784 

3,  064 
2,853 
3,  032 
3,  898 
3,408 
6,068 
3,  362 
2.  194 
2,  582 
2,508 
2,480 
3, 975 
3,700 
2,570 


64,796 


Bache- 
lors. 


6,  449 

51! 

1,551 

892 

640 

498, 

1,997i 

1, 188; 

1, 086i 

2,072| 

1,4181 

1.470| 

1,8131 

974; 

1,  325i 

676! 

6011 

232 

62 

830 


Skins      Skins  I   ][„^i.,,.      Skins 
ce-.ted.  !jectcd.|     '""■      ccpted. 


6,  065 

75,  585 
69,  782 
74,  408 
88,  'Mf 
84,  Olf, 
74,  '.:.8 
58, 762 
78,  595 
77, 280 
75,900 

76,  236 
74,  e.'iO 
,57, 145 
82,  213 
82.  908; 
82,  18U 
82,  7(18 
80, 330; 
81,712 


6,017 
V4,  628 
69,  .576, 

73,  8H4' 
88,  258 
84,  860 
71,137 
58, 732 
78,  ,570 
77, 280' 
75.  872 
76, 169; 

74,  581 
57,  070 
82,  086! 
82,  866 
82, 150' 
82, 679; 
80,3141 
81.  698 


48 
957 
206< 
524! 

no! 

73 1 

1; 

3()' 


2i' 
67 
78 
75 
127 
42 
30 
29 
16 
14 


12,514 
77. 92(i 
76,  C98 
7B.  498 
93.  242 
91,21-> 
79, 199 
62, 803 
83,313 
8:i,  2.50 
80,  366 

83,  774 
79,  834 
60,313, 
86, 120 
86,  092' 
85.261 
86,915 

84,  092 
85,112 


6.017 
7(i,  918 
74,  941 
75, 082 
02.  483 
90,644 

77,  201 
01,585 
82, 202 
81.178 

78,  920 
82,  226 
77,  943 
59,  284 
84,668 
85,  374 
84,  630 
86,654 
84,  014 
84,  268 


ot 

!    seals 

killed 

Skins  I    for  all 

re-     j     ])ur- 

jected.    poses. 


6,497 

1 .  008 

1,7,57 

1,416 

759 

571 

l,9(t8 

1,218 

1,111 

2,072 

1,446 

1,537, 

1,891' 

1.049 

1,  4.52 

718 

631 

261 

78 

14 


25, 834  1,  463, 907  1, 461, 427     2,  480  1,  564,  537  I.  526.  212i 

I  I  '  1 


15.314 
81.803 
81,819 
81,987 
98,  i;)9 
94, 960 
83, 157 
67,810 
88,  510 
88,  321 
84,  779 
83, 774 
79,  834 
63.  295 
Hii  -61 
>•-  srto 

8f(,  085 
H9,  092 

86.  270 

87,  392 

622  (191 


Note.— The  above  stiitcnient  includos  all  seals  killed  from  all  ciiuseH,  eitber  intentional  or  arcidental, 
ini'ideiit  to  the  taking  of  wul  skins  on  the  island  ol  .it.  I'aul. 

Fur  maU  kilhd  on  the  island  of  .SI.  (leorge,  for  all  purposin,  from  187(i  to  18S0,  both  inclu- 

»ire. 

[Compiled  from  tables  on  tile  in  the  'I'reasury  Department. | 


Year. 


Seals  kille<l  for  natives'  fno<1. 


Pups. 


1870. 

1871  . 

1872. 

1873. 

1874 

1875. 

1876. 

1877. 

1878. 

1879. 

1880  . 

IHSI  . 

1882  . 

1883  . 
1884. 
1886. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 


2oo!. 

090' 
000. 
190  . 
446  . 
.500  . 
500  . 
50(! 
500 
506. 
3301 
03ll 
I 


Bach. !  '^Jj."" 
*'•"■"•  cepted., jected 


Skins 
re 


Seals   killed    for  skins 
for  lessees. 


Bache- 
lors. 


Skins   '  Skins 

ttc  re- 

cepted.  Jected. 


Totals  of  li.ichelors 
killed,  aci  epteil,  and 
rejected. 


Bacho.      «>"•" 
•»"•        cepled. 


000 

500 
080 
286 
356 
978 
071 


Total..  28,084 


1 

1 
1 

7,2.50 
18, 830 

7, 2,59 

7,  259 

7,259. 

8. 459 
21.  1.57 

237 

237  .. 

18,830 

IH,  067 

19  067' 

25,000 
25,  (KM 

25,  000 
25,  000 

25. 000 
25,  (100 

25. 000  . 
2.'>,  000; . 

27.  (1(10 

27,190 

10,  (KX) 
10, 000 
10,  000 
14,  744 

10.000 
10.  0(10 
10.  000 
14.744 

10,  00(1 
10  00(1 
10.  (100 
15,000 

10,  (H>0  . 
10.000  . 
10.000  . 
I5,(K)0. 

12,446 

1 1 ,  500 

11,  5(H) 

256 

2,56.. 

16,  .-lOO 

1.5.32 

1,216 

31 6 

17,  772 

17.  772 

19,  304 

18. 988 

316 

20,  804 

843 

564 

2vg 

19,  841 

19.  758 

83 

20,  684 

20,  322 

362 

22, 190 

7021 

565 

137 

18,907 

18.  8:10 

77 

19,  009 

19,  395 

214 

20    p39 

8I2! 

500 

303 

19,  440 

19.360 

86 

20.  2,58 

19.809 

389 

21,289 

483i 

371 

112 

19,  495 

19,  440 

55 

19,  978 

19  811! 

167 

19, 978 

4751 

468 

7 

14,730 

14,675 

64 

15,214 

15.  U3; 

71 

16.214 

345 

223 

122 

14,728 

14,  620 

108 

1,5.073 

14.  843 

230 

16,  573 

319 

304 

15 

14,  745 

14,  086 

69 

15,  (MM 

14.090 

74 

16, 144 

544 

413 

131 

14.60(1 

14,  .578 

28 

1.5,  I.51I 

14,991 

1,59 

16,  436 

585 

471 

114 

14.  727 

14,  725 

2 

1.5,312 

15.  106 

116 

16,668 

1,409 

1,321 

88 

14,647 

14,  .582 

65 

16,  (',56 

15,  90;) 

1,53 

17.034 

512 

280 

232 

13,042 

13.641 

1 

14, 1.54 

13,921 

233 

1.5,225 

9,054 

7,198 

1,866 

318, 128 

317.500 

628 

327, 182 

324,  098 

2.484 

355,  246 

Note. — Thd  above  statement  ini'ludes  all  seals  killed  Inini  .ill  causes,  either  intentional  or  accidental, 
incident  to  the  taking  of  seol  skins  on  the  island  of  St,  Ueorgu. 


PvEPORT  OF  SPECIAL  AOEN'T  CROWLKY. 

Treasury  J/epartmeint,  Sortynhtr  ;.'(>,  1S!)S. 

SiiJ :  In  pursuance  of  instructions  given  rnft  at  Depfirtnient  April 
20,1893,  1  proceeded  lo  San  Frunci8<M>,  <,'al.,  amviiif,'  tliere  May  10, 
and  on  May  13  I  sailed  on  the  North  AumtUiHit  iloiunwrcin]  (Joiiipai'y's 
steamer  Fantlhni  for  the  seal  islands.  iUA-omtumU'A  by  Assistant  ripo- 
cial  Apents  Joseph  Murray,  H.  T,  Hall,  aic'  rtiomaM  K.  Adams. 

Wo  arrived  at  ISt.  George  Island  .June  I.  finding  Agent  A.  W.  Lav- 
ender in  charge.  I  at  oiu!e  assumed  the  <IulU'» assigned  me  byidaeing 
Agent  E.  T.  Hall  in  charge,  relieving  Agent  l4iv«;nder  as  directed.  1 
arrived  at  St.  Paul  Island  -June  3,  lindii';^  Ltent,  J>.  J.  Ainsworth  in 
charge,  whom  I  relieved  by  placing  Ag<-.'  :  .hti^'jth  Murray  in  charge 
until  .July  1,  at  which  time  he  was  relieved  >*>' 'fbornas  K,  Adams,  whose 
appointment  took  effect  on  that  day. 

Agents  Lavender  and  Murray  reluineil  V*  tUcit  homes  by  the  first 
available  vessel  leaving  the  islands  niter  thuy  fiad  been  relieved. 
Lieutenan4:  Ainsworth  went  aboard  thit  tuttur  Conrin  upon  her  arrival. 

Ul)on  my  arrival  at  Sau  i''rancis<o  1  ihuuil  a  itftx  addressed  to  me,  in 
care  of  the  North  American  Commercial  <Vmii»any,  containing  nine 
volumes  of  seal-island  records,  which  1  tlMriimtt-f]  on  the  islands  St. 
I'aul  and  St.  (Jeorge,  respectively,  as  they  IxtlougwJ.  according  to  direc- 
tions in  your  letter  of  April  !.'!>,  18!t3. 

From  Agent  Ainsworth  I  learned  there  wef«  no  -^tals  killed  on  St. 
Paul  between  the  dates  December  10.  1W*2,  a«.d  Mav  i!>,  18J)3,  Agent 
Lavender  informed  me  that  there  were  none  tabtrn  on  St.  (leorge  Island 
between  the  dates  November  19,  1892,  and  May  2*»,  1893.  There  v*'ere 
n<me  killed  between  these  dates  from  the  <i*<-t  ibaf  the<|nota  was  filled. 

When  ]  arrived  at  the  islands,  the  agent*  rejuorted  that  there  were 
1,133  seal  skins  salted  to  the  (Joveiuuwnt  erMiit.  Tsl  of  w/iich  were 
taken  on  St.  I'aul  and  349  on  St.  (Jeorge.  t\n»*;  tMring  skins  taken  from 
seals  killed  for  native  food  during  the  fall  of  IMfJ. 

Considering  this  number  of  skins  to  \n'  on  liand,  I  ordered  tliat  r),,3(l7 
seals  1)e  killed  i)rior  to  the  10th  day  of  Aiij^nAt.  i>¥M,  thus  furnishing 
the  lessees  the  full  (piota,  7,r)0(>  skins.  rea<ly  for  shipment  at  the  ,sual 
time,  the  last  of  August  or  1st  of  Septenditrr,  Tliis  leaves  to  be  killed 
for  native  food  during  the  months  of  OetotxT,  November,  and  Dectem 
ber  the  same  number  that  was  killed  last  fall.  I,I.'W,  this  number  being 
necessary  to  lill  the  (piota,  7,500,  direet^-^l  to  in-  taken  in  1893. 

After  visiting  St.  (leorge  Lsland  as  early  in  .Inly  aH  was  jxissibh^  for 
me  to  obtain  jjassage  between  the  islands,  and  observing  the  condition 
of  tl-o  rookeries  and  the  number  of  scaln  tUtfrt^ii,  in  comj)arison  with 
those  of  St.  Paul,  I  directed  that  only  'JJUm  jwrjilH  be  taken  on  the 
island  of  St.  (leorge  and  that  .5,500  be  taken  on  the  island  of  St.  i'aul 
during  1893. 

While  I  have  no  ((uestinn  in  my  mind  bat  that  the  actual  number, 
7,500,  were  taken  and  salted  to  the  Covemnteiit  frredit  from  the  20th 
4U8 


f 


AUm/^K    INDUHTRIE8. 


409 


■^liiii!;' 

isniil 

killeil 

)ecein- 


(lay  of  Ortoltor,  IHOL',  up  to  tlio  I'Jth  dayof  Auf-uat,  ISO,*],  yet  tlie  num- 
ber of  skins  counted  out  of  the  salt  liou.so  by  myself  and  Agent  Adams, 
August  l-'4,  l>i'.».'»,  on  .St.  Paul  Island  was  5,418,  and  as  counted  out  by 
myself  and  Agent  Hall  on  St.  (Jeorge  Island,  August  2(5,  1893,  was 
2,007,  making  a  total  of  7,125  skins,  leaving  a  shortage  of  75  skins. 
Out  of  this  shortage  only  7  can  be  accounted  for,  which  were  small 
road  skins  killed  in  tlie  Heveral  drives  during  tlie  seascm,  and  the  com- 
l)any  rcijected  th(!m  and  refused  to  take  tiiem  from  the  island,  so  1  gave 
them  to  tlie  natives,  Tliis  left  an  unaccountable  sliortage  of  68  skius. 
A  very  remaikable  coincidence  is  that  this  shortage  all  seems  to  occur 
on  St.  Paul  Ishiinl,  and,  from  the  best  possible  information  to  be  ob- 
tained, I  lind  on  tliis  island  an  equal  or  greater  shortage  to  have  beeu 
an  annmil  0(!ciirrence  for  years  past. 

As  to  the  taking  of  seals  upon  the  islands  from  the  20th  day  of 
October  18!)2,  to  the  I2tii  day  of  August,  1893,  a  daily  journal  or  regis- 
ter was  kept,  showing  the  number  of  seals  taken,  the  date  of  taking, 
the  rookery  from  which  they  were  taken,  and  the  skins  a<!cepted  and 
rejected  l)y  the  lessees.  (See  iOxhibits  A  and  !>.)  A  reference  to 
Exhil)it  A  will  sliow  that  5,.'jl.'{  |)rime  skins  were  acce])ted,  52  under 
size  rejected,  121  stagey  rejected,  and  14  cut  rejected,  lint  the  fact  is 
that  on  the  24tii  of  August,  tlie  day  of  shipment  from  St.  Paul,  (ieorge 
li.  Tingle,  superintendent  of  the  lessee's  company,  and  myself  over- 
hauled the  rejected  undcrsiyx'd  and  cut  skins,  and  out  of  the  number 
formerly  rejected  by  the  local  agent  2.'5  were  accepted  as  ])rime  skius, 
leasing  the  actual  number  of  utulersized  and  cut  skins  rejected  .'50, 

By  reference  to  Mxhiltits  A  and  1>  it  will  be  seen  that  the  killing  of 
seals  tor  food  in  the  fall  of  1892  on  the  island  of  St.  (ieorge  began 
October  20  and  ended  November  19,  while  on  St.  I'aulitbegau  Novem- 
ber 11  and  ended  l)ec(!ml)er  10.  During  this  period  out  of  349  seals 
killed  on  St.  (Ieorge  there  was  not  a  stagey  skin  found,  while  ou  St. 
Paul,  alth(»ugh  the  killing  began  a  month  later  and  continued  almost  a 
montii  longer,  out  of  781  skins  taken  121  ncre  fcmnd  to  be  stagey,  some 
of  these  as  late  as  December  10.  I  was  unable  to  obtain  a  reasonable 
explanation  for  this  state  of  affairs  from  any  natural  cause  from  the 
oldest  and  best  informed  residents  of  the  island. 

There  were  a  few  seals  seen  at  Northeast  Point  rookery  on  St.  Paul 
Island  as  late  as  .January  7,  1893.  The  lirst  peals  si"'n  in  the  spring 
were  a  few  ba(dielors  swimming  in  the  water  close  off  IJeef  rookery  ou 
Ai)ril  12  At  Zapadne,  on  St.  I'atil,  the  27tii  day  of  Ai»ril,  the  first 
bulls  haided  up.  HiiclKilor  seals  began  hauling  up  May  1,  and  cows 
wero  lirst  noticed  during  tlie  lirst  days  of  June.  The  first  puji  discov- 
ered was  on  Keef  rook(!ry  Oil  St,  Paul  Island  June  12,  by  which  time 
the  cows  wei(!  coming  in  pretty  fast.  It  was  observed  that  the  pup 
was  born  a  few  days  after  their  arrival.  It  was  plain  to  be  seen  that 
there  was  an  ample  number  of  bulls  upon  each  island  to  serve  all  the 
cows  that  hauled  up  on  the  rookeries.  (Juite  a  number  of  bulls  were 
ol)served  on  the  several  rookeries  during  tiie  entire  season  unable  to 
secure  a  single  cow,  It  was  not  infretiuent  to  see  harems  formed  of 
from  .'5  to  7  cows.  Th;*  largest  number  observed  in  any  one  harem  dur- 
ing the  seasiMi  that  «:ould  be  counted  to  a  certainty  was  37.  As  to  the 
increase  or  decrease  d"  the  seal  herd,  I  can  only  arrive  at  a  conclusion 
from  information  obtained  from  Agent  Murray,  who  has  been  on  these 
isla'ids  tli(!  y.ivf'v  four  years,  and  from  the  native  inhabitants,  and  from 
thecondition  and  appearanc<!  of  the  rookeries  and  gnmnds  covered  by 
th-  -.eiils  tills  year  as  iiomjiared  with  former  years.  1  think  there  is 
little  change  as  to  the  increase  or  decrease  of  the  seal  herd  from  last 


410 


ALA.SKA   INDUSTRIES. 


: 


year.  As  to  tlio  mortality  of  tlio  .st>a  iierd  during  tlio  season,  tliei'C  were 
but  lew  grown  seals  touiid  dead  r.poii  the  rookeries.  These  were  bulls, 
•whosi!  death  could  be  easily  ac(!ounted  for  from  the  cuts  and  sears  upon 
their  carcasses.  They  had  uo  doubt  perished  from  the  wounds  received 
from  encounters  with  otiier  bulls  while  tryiu{^  to  establisli  tlieir  harems. 

On  the  llith  of  .July  a  teriilic  gale  blew  from  the  north  and  west, 
coming  with  such  force  that  the  waves  dashed  to  unusual  heights 
against  the  rookeries.  After  the  surf  had  subsided,  several  dead  i)up8 
were  found,  ])resumably  killed  by  the  surf  beating  and  dashing  tlieiu 
against  the  rocks  before  they  were  old  enough  to  breast  the  tide.  Tiie 
greater  number  were  found  dead  on  Tolstoi  rookery. 

In  taking  the  number,  5,500  seals,  on  St.  Paul  Island  this  season  no 
drives  were  made  from  either  Zapadnie  rookery  or  Northeast  Point,  as 
the  required  number  was  easily  obtained  where  short  drives  couhl  be 
made;  and  as  these  are  two  of  the  largest  breeding  rookeries  on  the 
island,  I  tiiought  it  advisable  to  give  them  absolute  rest. 

The  care  and  welfare  of  the  native  inhabitants  of  the  islands,  the 
obligations  of  the  North  American  Commercial  Company  under  tiieir 
■  lease,  was  a  matter  to  which  I  gave  special  attention.  The  widows 
and  orphan  children  who  lived  with  them  I  found  well  ])rovided  for  as 
to  food  aiul  clotiiing  by  the  lessees.  But  another  class  of  orphans,  who 
had  neither  father  nor  mother,  had  been  placed  ani(uig  other  families 
on  the  islands,  who  were  not  supported  by  the  lessees.  Tiiey  were  sub- 
jects for  ( Jovernmeut  sujiport,  and  tliese  orphans  in  this  way  were  being 
furnished  food  and  clothing  at  Government  ex])ense,  too.  I  at  once 
obtained  a  list  of  the  widows  and  orphans,  showing  just  who  they  were 
supporting  as  company  charges.  It  is  marked  Exhibit  C.  I  tlieii 
prepared  a  list  of  tlie  widows  and  ori)hans  whom  I  deemed  ])roi»er  sub- 
jects for  their  support  under  their  lease,  and  presented  the  same  to 
Mr.  (leorge  It.  Tingle,  superintendent  of  the  com])any.  whicii  he 
accepted,  agreeing  to  care  for  all  those  named,  though  uiuler  jirotest. 
A  copy  of  the  list  and  Mr.  Tingle's  protest  are  hereto  attaclied  and 
marked  Ivxhibits  I)  and  E.  The  oidy  occasion  for  protest  ui)on  the 
part  of  the  lessees  being  that  of  furnishing  support  to  the  few  widows 
and  orplians  having  to  their  credit  small  .sums  of  money  left  them,  I 
insist,  from  the  reading  of  the  lease,  that  the  lessees  are  comp'iled  to 
8ui)port  all  the  widows  and  orphans  upon  the  islands,  regardless  of 
whether  they  may  have  personal  means  of  support  or  not,  wiiile  the 
lessees  contend  that  they  are  only  liable  for  the  support  of  absolute 
pauper  widows  and  orphans.  Upon  this  question  1  respectfully  request 
a  ruling  of  the  Department,  that  future  trouble  may  not  arise  in  this 
respect. 

After  becoming  sufficiently  acquainted  with  the  natives  on  the  island 
to  be  able  to  associate  the  proper  names  witli  the  proper  fa(!es,  I  observed 
that  one  Maxim  Krukolf,  an  imbecile,  John  KrukoH",  John  N.  Krukolf, 
(leorge  Kochergin,  and  N'alerian  Shaisnakoff,  minors  of  tender  years, 
had  been  ])laced  upon  the  sealers' list  and  i)ermitted  to  draw  rations  as 
such  at  Government  expense.  I  tiiought  this  a  mistake,  so  I  served 
notice  on  the  lessees'  superintendent  that  these  i)arties  wouhl  be  dis- 
continued from  the  sealers'  list  and  would  revert  to  the  company  for 
their  support.     A  copy  of  the  notice  is  marked  Exhibit  K. 


DIVISION   or   COMMUNITY 


I'UND   ON   ST. 
ISLANDS. 


PAUL    AND   ST.   GKOUaE 


Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  there  was  a  shortage  fund  in  the  skins 
taken  and  salted  on  8t.  Paul  Island  as  compared  with  the  count  on  the 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


411 


island 
)st'i'ved 
rnkolV, 

years, 
ions  as 

sowed 

bo  dis- 
•any  for 


day  of  Hliipnieiit,  yet  the  division  of  tlie  eomninnity  fund  was  mado 
upon  the  i)asis  <»f  tlio  nnmbcr  as  counted  into  the  salt  house,  5,.")0(). 
Tiiia  count,  at  r»()  cents  each,  made  a  total  of  ^2,7r»(),  and  was  divided 
nnioiifj  the  natives  in  lirst,  second,  third,  and  fourth  classes,  as  shown 
by  rejjort  of  division  hereto  attached  and  marked  Exiiibit  (i.  The 
division  on  the  island  ttf  Ht.  (leorf^e  was  mado  upon  the  basis  of  tlio 
count  of  skins  taken  by  th<!  lessees  from  the  islands.  The  number  of 
skins,  li,007,at  />(>  (UMits  eacli, amounted  to  !i«l,0(K{.oO,wlii('li  was  divided 
into  four  (dasses,  as  shown  i)y  report  marked  Exhit)it  If.  These  divi- 
sions were  made  by  tlie  superintendent  of  the  lessees'  company,  the 
chiefs  of  the  resp(!ctive  islands,  and  mysell'. 

HLHK  I'OX  SKINS— (JATCII  OK  1S92  AND  1893. 

On  the  island  of  St.  (leorfje  duriufj  the  winter  of  lS!>li  and  I80;j  tiiero 
was  cau;;lit  by  the  niitiv<!S  1)28  blue  foxes,  7  of  which  were  rejected  by 
the  lessees,  leavin^f  !Hil  i»rinu!  skins,  which  were  disposed  of  by  tiiea!j;ent 
in  charfje  to  the  lessees  for  ijli  apiece,  making  a  total  of  ij!l,842.  to  l)e 
distributed  anions  the  natives  making-  the  catch,  as  shown  by  report 
marked  ICxhibit  I.  On  St.  Paul  I.sland  there  vere  .'J7t  foxes  taken  by 
the  natives,  .'{.'57  olwhi(!ii  were  blue  and  37  white.  These  were  disposed 
of  by  liieutx'uant  Ainsworth  for  tlie  natives  to  the  lessees  for  )JS2  each 
for  the  3'M  blue  foxes  and  ^i  each  for  the  white  ones,  makii><v  a  total  of 
$711,  which  was  credited  to  the  ])arties  making  the  cutch  in  the  same 
manner  as  is  shown  i)y  the  report  of  fox-fund  distribution  on  St.  George 
Island.     (S«-e  Mxhibit  I.) 

I  have  ordered  that  tlie  catch  of  bine  foxes  be  limited  to  the  month 
of  December,  18!(3,  and  that  the  jH'ice  tixed  for  the  skins  taken  'e  $5 
apiece.  The  cause  for  limiting  the  time  for  one  month  for  trapping 
was,  in  my  judgment,  necessary  for  the  ])reservati()n  of  the  foxes,  't  is 
suggested  in  my  instriu;lions  in  connection  with  the  blue  fox  trapping 
that  if  a  trap  could  be  «;;intrived  in  such  a  way  as  to  prevent  injury  to 
the  fox,  and  all  females  so  (;auglit  turned  loose,  such  a  course  would 
tend  to  increase  the  su[)ply  of  these  valuable  animals.  Such  a  method 
Mould  certainly  be  an  advantage  if  it  were  possible  to  carry  it  into 
elVect;  but  at  least  two  obstacles  will  be  in  the  way  of  making  this 
method  a  su<!ces8.  Kirst.  to  invent  a  trap  sulliciently  large  to  hold  a 
fox  without  doing  him  some  bodily  in  jury,  and  devising  a  jtlan  to  induce 
the  wary  fox  into  it;  secuuid,  to  take  chances  on  the  native  trai)per,  who 
has  probably  tramped  across  the  island  from  five  to  seven  times  a  week 
through  cold  and  snow  knee  deei),  having  convictions  of  honesty  and 
courage  enough,  when  he  comes  to  his  trap  and  tluds  the  only  fox  he 
has  caught  that  week  to  be  a  female,  to  turn  it  loose.  1  advised,  how- 
ever, that  this  sort  <»f  a  box  trap  be  tried  as  an  experiment.  To  avoid 
the  wholesale  slaughter  of  foxes,  the  better  plan  would  be  to  adopt  the 
rule  of  only  trapping  foxes  every  alternate  winter  until  they  have 
increased  suirKMcntly  to  warrant  a  more  fre<iuent  limited  cati  h. 

As  to  the  mortality  among  the  natives  on  the  islands,  I  herewith 
submit  copies  of  rejmrts  made  by  the  ])hysicians  employed  by  the 
Isftrth  American  Commercial  Company  under  their  lease.  It  is  marked 
Exhibit.). 

During  the  months  June,  -July,  and  August,  while  I  was  ui)on  the 
islands,  the  health  of  the  native  inhabitants  was  good.  The  native 
sealers  were  ev»fr  ready  and  able  to  perform  any  and  all  such  labors  as 
they  were  called  upon  to  jHMforni,  whether  it  was  to  drive  aiul  kill 
seals,  work  upon  streets  and  roads,  or  to  stand  guard  upon  the  rook- 


412 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


ei'iea  day  and  night.  No  complaint  was  ever  made  by  them.  In  the 
month  of  J  .no  they  were  i)rovided  with  amphi  chjthin};-  to  keej)  them 
comfortable  in  that  cold,  damp  climate  until  the  (iomiii};  June. 

Beds  and  bedding  were  furnished  families  who  had  been  sleeping  on 
the  floors  so  far  as  it  was  possible  to  obtain  them.  It  is  a  i)atent  fact 
to  all  those  who  have  noticjid  tiie  condition  of  health  and  appearance 
of  the  natives  the  past  few  years  since  the  (lovernnient  has  taken  the 
matter  in  hand  and  furnished  tiiein  witli  beds  and  compelled  them  to 
sleep  upon  them  instead  of  on  the  tioor,  where  they  were  subject  to  cold 
dr.aughts  and  dampness  and  noxious  vapors  arising  from  the  cessimols 
which  served  in  lien  of  privies,  that  this  im])rovement  of  condition  has 
had  more  to  do  with  their  present  healthy  condition  than  anything  else. 

During  the  fall  of  1892  there  were  4  i)rivies  of  4  rooms  each  built  for 
native  families  on  the  island  St.  I'aul,  thus  furnishing  privies  for  1(! 
families.  These  families  soon  became  accustomed  to  tlie  use  of  them 
and  took  great  pride  in  keeping  them  t;Iean.  For  the  bettering  of  the 
sanitary  condition  of  the  village,  I  would  recommend  that  a  i)rivy  be 
built  for  each  native  family  on  the  islands.  The  island  of  St.  (leorge  is 
wholly  uni)rovided  for  in  this  respect.  The  natives  are  compelled  to 
use  a  vessel  in  the  house  and  dump  the  excrement  in  a  wheelbarrow, 
which  stands  by  the  door  until  it  is  loaded  ready  to  wheel  away.  It  is 
either  this  or  the  practice  of  stepping  out  doors  and  being  exposed  to 
the  gaze  of  the  rest  of  the  villagers,  which  is  worse.  This  state  of 
affairs  does  not  tend  toward  civilization,  nor  to  decency  or  molality. 
I  do,  therefore,  urge  the  early  correction  of  this  evil  by  furnishing 
them  privies. 

SCHOOLS   T'PON   THE   ISLAND. 

Much  has  been  reported  by  Treasury  agents  upon  the  subject  of 
schools  during  the  past  twenty  year.s.  Many  suggestions  for  their 
improvement  have  been  made,  yet  the  same  system  stands  to-day  as  at 
the  beginning.  If  it  is  the  purpose  of  the  Government  to  educate, 
enlighten,  and  civilize  these  people,  some  change  in  the  school  system 
will  have  to  l)e  made.  I  have  no  especial  reason  to  censure  the  teach- 
ers employed  on  the  islands  for  their  apparent  failure,  to  teach  the  I'^ng- 
lish  to  these  children;  neither  is  it  the  fault  of  the  children  on  account 
of  their  dullne.'s  that  they  do  not  learn.  It  is,  in  my  ojjinion,  far  more 
the  fault  of  the  parents,  who  get  their  incentive  from  the  i)riest  and 
church  upon  the  islands,  than  either  teachers  or  children.  If  these 
children  were  removed  from  this  home  inlluence  and  instrucited  by  the 
same  teachers,  1  am  inclined  to  the  belief  that  tliere  would  be  more 
advancement  in  one  year  than  there  is  under  the  i)resent  system  in  a 
whole  school  lifetime.  I  would  therefore  recommend  a  boarding  school, 
in  charge  of  a  husband  and  wife  who  have  had  a  successful  experience 
in  this  line,  or  an  industrial  school  for  both  boys  and  girls,  teaching 
domestic  industries.  If,  however,  the  present  system  must  be  contiMueil, 
I  most  earnestly  re(iuest  that  the  .school  year  begin  on  April  1  and  (!on- 
tinue  eight  months,  thus  giving  the  children  the  benefit  of  the  long 
days  and  best  season  of  the  year  instead  of  the  short,  dark,  cold  days 
of  midwinter. 

August  -4  the  informatioTi  came  to  me  from  the  sui)erintendent  of 
the  lessee's  company  that  a  sun>  of  money,  between  $400  and  8o"0,  had 
been  luvnded  him  by  Father  Kezolf,  priest  on  St.  Paul  Island,  ..ith  a 
request  that  ho  transfer  the  same  to  the  authorities  of  the  Greek  Cath- 
olic Church  at  San  J^'rancisco,  Cal.  This  money  had  been  gathered  from 
the  natives  ou  the  island  during  the  past  two  years.    I  requested  the 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


413 


Hnporiiitendent  to  return  this  money  to  the  priest,  wbicli  bo  did,  declin- 
inf;  to  remove  the  money  from  the  isliuid.  ITiton  my  arrival  at  St. 
(leorgc  I  was  confronted  by  the  same  proposition.  There  was  abont 
^300  on  St.  ( leorfje  Isliind.  This  sum  was  likewise  refused  to  be  taken 
from  the  island  by  tlie  lessees.  When  I  arrived  at  Dutch  Harbor  J 
re(|ucsted  Oapt.  Nicoll  Ludlow,  commander  of  the  fleet,  to  instruct  the 
t  aptaiiiH  of  the  several  vessels doiiif?  patrol  work  about  the  islands  not 
lo  convey  said  church  funds  from  the  islands.  A  copy  of  the  letter  is 
inclosed,  marked  Kxhibit  K. 

Were  these  natives  earning  in  their  own  ripht  a  suflicieut  sum  of 
money  to  support  themselves  and  not  dependent  upon  thedovernment 
for  tlicir  maintenance,  one  might  see  some  justice  in  their  contributing 
a  respectable  portion  of  their  earnings  to  their  church  on  the  islands; 
but  ill  no  instance  should  priests  be  allowed  to  send  from  the  islands 
the  money  contributed  for  the  sup))ort  of  the  churches  thereon.  But 
inasmuch  as  the  (lovernment  is  furiiisbiiig  the  greater  part  of  their 
support,  the  only  money  they  handle  being  a  possible  $-1  to  8<i  per  week 
given  tliein  for  each  week's  subsistence  during  the  time  thecoinniuiiity 
sealing  fund  lasts,  it  seems  to  me  an  outrage  and  an  injustice  that  what- 
ever jiart  of  this  small  ])ittance  the  priest  may  demand  is  forthcoming, 
though  the  family  starve.  Under  the  present  cimdition  of  att'airs  on 
the  islands  every  dollar  that  is  taken  from  the  native's  jmrticm  of  the 
comnimiity  sealing  fund  is  virtually  taken  from  the  United  States 
'rrcasnry,  for  so  soon  as  this  fund  is  exhausted  the  (Jovernment  fur- 
nishes the  native  the  means  of  subsistence.  For  this  reidson  1  directed 
that  the  money  should  remain  on  the  islands  until  instructions  could 
be  nhtaiiied  from  your  Department  as  to  the  proper  disposition  to  be 
made  of  the  same. 

COAL   HUri'LY. 


the 

more 

ill  a 

lool, 

ien«;e 

ihing 

lued, 

con- 

h)iig 

days 

nt  of 
».  had 
,  ith  a 
Hath- 
from 
d  the 


In  addition  to  the  80  tons  of  coal  provided  under  the  terms  of  the 
lease  tln^  company  furnished  under  their  special  contract  with  the  Uov- 
ernment  li'Mi  additional  tons,  making  a  total  of  .'570  tons  delivered  at  the 
islands.  Tliis  was  distributed  as  follows:  On  St.  Paul  Island — for  Gov- 
ernment house,  10  tons;  for  use  of  mitives,  ^oO  tons.  On  St.  George 
Island — for  Government  house,  10  ttms;  for  use  of  natives,  100  tons. 

1 1  was  fountl  at  the  time  of  delivering  coal  it  St.  George  Island  there 
was  on  iiaiwl  about  15  tons  of  coal  left  from  he  supply  of  l<Sy2.  Con- 
sidering this  amount.  1  thought  100  additional  tons  for  the  natives 
Huniciient,  and  made  the  delivery  accordingly. 

While  the  (juantity  of  coal  was  delivered  by  the  company  in  accord- 
ance with  their  (!ontract  the  quality  was  anything  but  lirst  class,  there 
being  among  it  a  large  ])roportion  of  soft  slack  coal,  which  burns  very 
rapidly  and  gives  but  little  heat  in  return.  At  i)reseut  there  is  no  coal 
house  upon  either  of  the  islands  sutlicient  to  liold  the  amount  of  coal 
delivered  for  the  natives.  The  Xorth  American  Commercial  Company 
this  season  furnished  buildings  on  the  islands  to  shelter  the  greater 
l»ait  of  the  coal  delivered.  The  remainder  of  the  coal  on  St.  i'aul  was 
put  in  a  small  building  arranged  last  season  by  the  Treasury  agents 
for  th(!  purpose  of  smoking  seal  nu'at,  which  proved  to  cure  well,  but 
was  a  failure  in  the  way  of  getting  the*  natives  to  use  the  meat,  so  the 
building  was  converted  into  a  coal  house.  The  building  furnished  by 
the  ca«npany  on  St.  Paul,  though  the  best  they  could  do.  was  so  open 
that  it  subjects  the  coal  to  about  the  same  fall  of  rain  and  snow  as  if 
left  out  of  doors. 

1  most  earnestly  urge  the  necessity  of  building  a  coal  house  on  each 


414 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


of  tlio  islaiulH;  tlio  one  on  St,  (Jeorge  witli  a  capacity  of  storing  150 
tons,  a)Kl  one  on  St.  I'aul  of  250  Ions. 

The  issue  of  coal  to  tliti  widows  was  a  question  on  the  islands  again 
this  season,  it  being  contended  by  the  Uissees  tliat  tiio  piiiposo  of  send- 
ing an  additional  amount  of  coal  to  tiie  ishinds  this  year  over  former 
years  was  that  the  issue  miglit  be  made  by  tlie  (Jovernment  to  the 
widows  the  same  as  to  other  native  families.  Tiiis  opinion  was  like- 
wise c(mcurred  in  by  Agent  Murray,  win)  niitde  the  requisition  for  the 
no  additional  tons  of  coal.  After  ascertaining  that  there  was  a  suHi- 
cient  amount  delivered  to  warrant  this  issue  to  the  widows  L  ordered 
that  the  same  be  done,  first  obtaining  an  agreement  from  the  lessees 
that  should  the  Department  not  sustain  the  a(!t  of  such  issue,  but  on 
tiie  contrary  hold  that  tlie  lessees  ishould  furnish  the  widows  I'uel,  the 
amount  of  coal  so  issued  should  be  retniiied  next  season  to  the  islands 
free  of  charge.  A  copy  of  the  agreement  is  hereto  attached  and  marked 
ICxhibit  M.  I  therefore  submit  the  matter  for  permanent  settlement  by 
the  Department. 

INTOXIOATINO   LIQUORS   AND   QUAS. 

Soon  after  our  arrival  at  St.  Paul  Island,  and  about  the  time  the 
(!argo  of  the  FaraUon  was  unloaded,  some  three  or  four  of  the  natives 
were  discovered  to  be  under  the  intiuen(!e  of  litjuor.  Agent  Murray 
investigated  as  to  where  the  liquor  was  obtained,  aiul  learned  from  the 
natives  by  their  own  confession  that  they  got  it  from  the  assistant  engi- 
neer of  the  company's  steamer.  As  soon  as  this  fact  was  learned  by 
the  captain  of  the  Furalloii  this  assistant  engineer  was  discharged,  and 
though  the  vessel  returned  to  the  island  two  trips  afterwards  no  intoxi- 
cants were  obtained  from  it  by  the  natives.  As  to  quas  brewing  on 
the  islands  during  the  past  winter  and  summer,  there  was  but  little  of 
it  iiululged  in.  Ageni  Ainsworth  informed  nie  that  the  natives  acted 
remarkably  well  in  this  respe(!t  during  the  winter  wliile  he  was  in 
charge.  J)uring  my  stay  on  the  islands  this  summer  there  was  but  one 
notable  evidence  of  a  brew.  This  was  on  .July  11,  St.  Paul's  Day,  the 
great  holiday  among  the  natives,  as  it  is  their  island's  name  day.  Dur- 
ing that  evening  some  of  them  became  unusually  good  natured,  none 
were  otherwise,  and  all  retired  at  a  respectable  hour  that  night,  and 
were  ready  to  resume  labor  early  in  the  morning.  In  this  respect  the 
natives  have  certainly  improved,  from  what  I  can  learn  of  their  former 
life. 

On  the  29th  day  of  -lune  the  Corwin  arrived  at  St.  Paul  Island,  ready 
to  do  patrol  duty.  Captain  Hunger  called  at  the  (Jovernment  I  louse, 
aU'I  being  informed  that  a  vessel  of  no  kind,  so  far,  had  been  sighted 
from  the  islands,  returned  the  second  day  following  to  Dutch  Harbor 
for  coal.  On  the  4th  of  .Inly  a  brig-rigged  vessel  was  sighted  a  few 
miles  to  the  westward  of  Northeast  Point  rookery.  The  watchman 
there  telephoned  its  appearance  to  the  village  about  noon.  At  2  o'clock 
tliat  afternoon  some  natives  fishing  discovered  two  sailboats  near  shore, 
not  far  from  Southwest  Bay  rookery,  aiul  claimed  to  have  heard  shots 
frr<Mi  from  these  boats.  Accompanied  by  additioinil  armed  watchraen. 
Agent  Adams  and  myself  proceeded  to  Northeast  Point  and  Southwest 
Bay,  where  we  remained  all  niglit  upon  the  rookeries.  About  sunset 
in  the  evening  the  two  sailboats  that  had  been  discovered  near  shore 
were  seen  returning  to  the  schooner  then  lying  about  4  miles  off  to  the 
westward,  between  Zapadnie  and  Northeast  Point  rookeries,  where  it 
lay  until  about  H)  o'clock  the  following  day,  when  it  made  a  detour  of 
lihe  island,  leaving  in  a  southeasterly  direction  about  4  o'clock  in  the 


ALASKA    INDI'STRIES. 


416 


evoiiiii};.  Oil  tlio  Dth  of  July  aiiotlier  scIiooikm-  was  sifjlited  doso  iiislioni 
to  till'  wt'stwaril  of  the  villaj;*'  of  St.  I'liul.  At  tliis  timo  tlM*r«  \v:is  an 
oxccidiiigly  heavy  to;;'.  When  the  vcshoI  was  tirst  discovoredjHlicwas 
licadiii^j:  toward  Southwest  Hay  rookery.  Additional  guards,  accoinpa- 
iiicd  by  niyscir,  a^^aiii  went  to  tiie  rookery.  Tlie  w  atchnien  at  Hontiiwest 
liay  reported  to  mo  when  1  arrived  tlieie  that  tlio  sciiooner  canity  almost 
within  {iiiiisiiot  reaeh  from  tlie  rookery.  Itciiaiiyed  its  coiiise,  to  the 
northwest  and  soon  diaapjieared  in  tiie  dense  fog.  Thesis  were  tlie  only 
evidences  of  attempted  raid  or  seal  poaching  on  the  seal  islamls  during 
the  season,  notwithstanding  newspaper  reports  to  the  eoutrary.  In  a 
few  days  alter  the  apjiearanitc  of  the  second  sithooner,  Commander 
Nicoll  Ludlow,  of  tlie  war  ship  Moliiidu,  arrived  at  the  islands.  He  was 
informed  of  the  appearance  of  the  schooners,  and  from  that  time  to  the 
time  of  mj"^  departure  from  the  islands  there  was  no  time  l)ut  what  there 
was  one  or  more  vessels  of  the  lleet  doing  active  imtrol  duty  around  the 
islands.  There  was  not  a  re(iuest  made  by  a  Treasury  agent  of  the 
commander  or  eajitain  of  any  vessel  of  the  lleet  but  what  was  granted 
with  i)r«imptiies8  and  dispatch. 

(-'aptaiii  Hooper,  of  the  /i'h.s7(,  informed  me  that  an  order  had  been 
given  that  an  armed  boat's  crew  of  marines  in  charge  of  an  ollicer 
should  be  landed  upon  each  of  the  islands,  to  reimiin  in  the  villages  as 
a  "reserve  guard."  1  do  not  consider  a  guard  stationed  tiiua  in  the 
villages  of  any  value  whatever  toward  ])rotectiiig  the  rookeries.  The 
native  guard  stands  watch  upon  the  rooki-ries  from  i  to  11!  miles  from 
the  village.  They  make  faithful  watchmen  and  are  ])erfe(;lly  willing  to 
l)erform  this  service.  Jf  a  raid  is  atteiiii)tcd  on  the  rookeries  it  is  either 
during  a  dense  fog  or  the  darkness  of  night. 

Ik'fore  the  watchmen  on  the  rookeries  could  go  to  the  village  and 
alarm  the  otticer  of  the  marines  and  they  march  to  the  scene  of  the 
raid,  the  i>oaeliers  would  have  their  boats  loaded  with,  seals  and  jmlled 
»\<  .ly  from  the  rookery,  ready  to  be  jiicked  up  by  the  schooner.  If  we 
i'ie  to  keep  a  sutlicient  number  of  native  watchmen  on  the  rookeries 
that  a  jiart  of  them  can  hold  the  raiders  otf  while  the  "reserve  guard" 
is  being  sent  for,  the  same  number  of  watchmen  can  hold  them  olf  On- 
all  time  to  come.  Under  com])etent  direction  the  natives  are  able  and 
willing  to  guard  the  rookeries,  and  are  found  to  perform  the  service 
efliciently  and  thoroughly. 

Ha  telephone  line  were  constructed  from  ^Northeast  Point  and  South- 
west Bay  rookeries  on  St.  Tiiul  and  Zapadnie,  and  Kast  rookeries  on 
St.  (leorge,  to  the  Government  House  on  each  of  tiio  islands,  so  the 
native  watchmen  on  the  rookeries  could  notify  the  (lovernment  agent 
of  the  ai>pearaiice  of  a  vessel  when  llrst  sighted,  that  he  might  be  in 
close  communication  with  the  watchmen,  instructing  them  how  and 
when  to  a(!t,  I  have  no  fear  of  a  successful  raid  ever  being  made  again 
on  the  islands.  The  cost  of  the  construction  and  maintenance  of  these 
lines  would  be  nominal,  as  the  natives  could  jierform  the  greater  part, 
it  not  all,  the  work  of  erecting  and  keei»iiig  them  up  after  the  nuiterial 
is  once  furnished. 

In  July  Commander  Ludlow  delivered  to  the  agent  on  each  of  the 
islands  500  cartridges,  Nos.  4")  to  70,  for  use  of  native  watchmen. 

STAGKV    RE.TKOTED   SKINS. 

During  the  fall  killing  of  1802  there  were  121  stagey  skins  taken 
on  St.  Paul  Island.  They  were  all  rejected  by  the  lessees.  Having  no 
instructions  from  the  Department  as  to  what  dispositio;;  should  be 
uuide  of  this  class  of  skins,  I  permitted  the  lessees  to  take  them,  as 


416 


ALAHKA    INDUSTUIKH. 


well  lis  the  mulorsi/ed  Hkins  rojcck'd,  from  tlu-  island,  tuidcr  jdoiiiiHe 
tlmt  they  would  Hcltki  for  s:iiik>  iit  Iho  Dwpiirtiiu'iit.  I  rcspcM'tl'iilly  ask 
a  raliiifi  on  this  point:  What  siiall  br  done  witli  the  sta},'»'y  and  niider- 
si/.j'd  lojectt'd  skins  in  tim  fiitni'o? 

Dnrinfj  tho  winter  of  l8i>2-!>.'5  ii  disa^reciniMit  arose  between  A {(cnt 
Ainsworth  and  the  conipany's  local  affcntoii  Ht.  i'anl  Island,  wiiich 
was  carried  to  the  extent  that  the  (Joverninent  a^ent  was  refnsed  llie 
jjrivilefie,  of  the  mess  at  tin;  company  house,  eompellinff  him  to  iiave 
his  meals  cooked  and  carried  to  him  at  the  Government  lionsebya 
native  woman  diirin{i;  the  remiiimler  of  his  stay  on  the  ishinds.  As  to 
who  was  to  blame  in  the  matter  will  more  fnlly  ajijjear  in  tlie  report  of 
Lientenant  Ainsworth  to  m»',  herewith  submitted,  to  whi(!h  I  call  atten- 
tion for  particulars.  Durinfj  the  month  Ajjent  Ainsworth  remained  at 
theliovernment  House,  after  beiiifj  relieved  froui  duty,  he  impressed  ine 
as  bein^'  a  pleasant,  ctmrteous  {gentleman.  As  a  (lovernment  a;,'ent  he 
certainly  knew  but  one  course;  that  was  strictly  in  the  line  of  his  duty 
as  laid  down  for  him  to  perform. 

I  herewith  submit  a  revised  census  of  the  seal  islands  up  to  dale, 
.June  3(»,  1.S93,  marked  Exhibit  L. 

I  have  information  from  Ajjents  Adams  and  IIall,on  the  seal  islands, 
of  date  October  liS,  iSJKi,  stitinjj  that  no  attempted  raids  had  been 
made  upon  tlie  islands,  and  that  the  (;uard  had  been  reinforced  on  all 
the  rookeries,  ])reparatory  to  tho  withdrawal  of  the  fleet  Irom  iSering 
Sea  Novend)er  1. 

The  health  of  natives  on  the  islands  remains  jiood;  the  existiufj  rela- 
tions between  the  Government  and  the  company  a{?ents  beiny  most 
amicable. 

Hespectfully  submitted.  JosKi'ii  B.  CiiowLKV, 

Chief,  Treusurij  Agentn, 

Tho  Secriotauy  ov  tiik  Tuka.sury, 

W((Nhiii()to)i,  J).  V. 


L'qxirt  of  Acting  Special  Agent  I>.  -/.  Ainsirortli, 

OFKICK   of   Sl'KClAL   AGKNT  TrKASUUV    DKrARTMKNT, 

St.  I'<(ul  Island,  Alaska,  .liinv  :i,  IS'J.'I. 

Dear  Sir:  1  have  the  honor  to  make  the  foHowing  report  of  affairs 
on  the  island  of  St.  Paul  while  actinjjf  United  States  Treasury  agent 
froi.i  September  7,  18!)L»,  until  -lane  3,  180.5. 

I  landed  on  the  islaud  from  the  United  States  Kcvetnie  Steamer  (Un-- 
>i-in,  August  21,  189-,  and  on  the  dei)arture  of  Assistant  Agent  .losejjh 
Murray  on  "he  lessees'  steamer  JUrtlia,  1  began  to  discharge  my  duties 
as  acting  United  States  Treasury  agent  in  charge  of  the  island. 

On  Sei)tember  11  H.  M.  S.  Mclponionc  arrived  and  Uritish  commis- 
sioner .Alaeoun  came  ashore  and  I  accompanied  him  on  a  visit  to  Utici 
Kookery.  Later  in  the  day  the  executive  ofllicer,  Lieutenant  Stoddard, 
came  on  shore  and  accompanied  Commissioner  .Alacoun  and  myself  on  a 
visit  to  the  rookeries  at  Zapadnie,  English  Hay,  Middle  Hill,  and  Tol 
stoi.  In  the  evening  they  returned  to  the  vessel,  intending  to  land  and 
visit  the  other  rookeries  at  Halfway  and  Northeast  Points  on  the  follow- 
ing day,  but  a  iieavy  sof-  prevented  them  from  landing,  and  the  Mrl 
pomone  left  for  Unalaf;ka,  after  which  no  Jiritish  vessels  visited  the 
island. 

September  13,  oOO cartridges  were  landed  from  the  United  States  J{ev- 
enue  Steamer  litisk  for  use  of  the  (Jovernment.    The  same  day  1  wrote 


ALASKA    INDUHTRIKS. 


417 


to  tho  coinmiiiulinKorticcr  rtM|iioHtiii;;  tluit  riOOiulditioiial  cartridKOHiUMl 
0  Spi  iiinlicltl  rillt'H  \hi  sent.  No  lidditioniil  ciiitrid^fcis  could  bo  sent,  as 
Assistiiiit  AK<'iit  liUVondor,  at  St.  <ic(>r;;«i  Island,  would  jnobably  i'«'(|iiir(', 
soiin',  hut  the  (i  Siiriii},'ll('ld  lilies  were  broii;;lit  asiiort*.  Tlii'ie  aro  now 
lU  Hpriii^illcld  riltes  and  r)l(>  cartiidKcs  on  tlic  island  bt'loiijjiiiK  to  the 
(lovciiiiiici  1. 

AlffT  tlie  U!SH(>«'s' steamer  sailed,  the  natives  were  allowed  to  drive  sea- 
lion  pups  I'or  I'ood  at  Northeast  Point.  This  {,'ave,  tlieni  some  Iresli  meat, 
wiiich  tiiey  reipiiied,  as  no  seals  had  been  killed  sinee  the  HtaH;e.v  season 
bejjan,  Atijiust  10.  About  the  same  tune  a  whale  drilled  ashore  at 
Northeast  Point  and  tlie  natives  .snved  considerable  blubber. 

With  this  excciption,  Satuidays  lor  delive  in^ eoal  and  an  occasional 
day  lor  lishintf.  weather  permittinjj,  the  luiiives  were  kei't  busy  duriiiff 
the  autumn  at  various  Jolts.  Two  new  watch  houses  were  elected  at 
llaUway  I'oint  and  Zapadiiie,  privies  c(mstructed  at  the  villa;{e,  and 
roads  and  paths  improveil;  also  <lii(<;  slop  holes  and  sodded  up  around 
the  natives"  liouses.  Besides  this  work,  men  had  to  watch  rookeries. 
Several  dar  '^^  "  I'e  Hpeiit  at  the  wreck  of  the  brig  Alr.r<t)ul(  r,  lost  April 
IL',  IS'.H*.  t^oiisiderabie  wood  was  saved  for  fuel  and  later  in  the  season 
can  be  l)rou{,fht  to  the  villafi'e  by  boat.  The  sails,  cordage,  etc.,  were 
headed  up  in  casks  ready  for  removal.  Th<^  two  aneliors  would  have 
been  saved,  but  the  heavy  surf  prevented  the  natives  from  ap])roaching 
them. 

It  was  my  intention  not  to  kill  seals  before  November  !.">,  so  as  to  take 
as  tew  sta^;t'y  ones  as  possible,  but  November  H>  a  fresh  gale  from  the 
northwest  with  freiiuent  scpialls  of  snow  and  hail  threatened  to  drive 
the  seals  from  the  island,  and  there  being  a  possibility  of  its  continu- 
ing several  days,  seals  were  driven  and  killed  the  following  day. 
Toward  night  of  the  following  day  the  weather,  however,  moderated. 
lieHi<les  killing  seals  near  the  village  during  the  months  of  November 
and  December,  the  watchmen  at  the  dilferent  stations  killed  some  for 
food.  Piiisuant  to  instructions  from  the  Doitartment,  the  company 
was  allowed  to  choose  the  skins  it  desired,  in  case  of  those  killed 
for  food  of  the  watchmen,  the  men,  before  leaving  the  village  for  the 
watchhoiises,  were  informed  by  the  company's  agi'iit  of  the  kind  to  ki!!. 
The  last  seals  were  taken  at  Northeast  Point,  and  for  watchmen's  food, 
on  the  Kith  of  December. 

Altogether  780  fur  seals  were  killed,  of  which  number  there  died  on 
the  killing  field  1  pup,  jind  on  the  road  from  the  rookeries  .'5  seals.  1 
weighed  7(»7  (»f  the  above  number  at  the  salt  house,  used  Fairbanks 
scales,  and  juit  liO  on  at  a  time  when  ixissibh'.  The  following  ar«^  tli(> 
weights  of  the  7(i7  fur  seals,  all  of  which  were  killed  in  November  and 
December,  18!tL': 


I.mni' 

pr 

1110. 

M.( 

iiiiii 

liiiinr 

I.ttr({o»ta),'«.v. 

Mvdiuni  staitpy. 

NniiiliiT  lit' 
riUitii*. 

PdiiiitN. 

N 

llrilii> 
skins 

of 

I'llllIKJs. 

skins.           ' "I" 

N 

iiiiiIm'I 
skins 

uf 

I'liiin 

85 
80 
83 
27 
81 
11 
62 

621 
797 
877 
281 
737 
lOfl 
478 

74 

24! 

42  ; 
Ill 

H 

:n 

1 

178 
:i24 
4nH 
IW 
4.-i2 
1)9 
25!) 

13 

in 

12 

10 

i:i 

13 

133 
21fi 
113 

1(10 

iig 

120 

8  i 
7 

t 
3 

5! 
3  ' 
8 

3  1 

6 

g 

410 
Avuragi!.. 


62 
87 
83 
24 
86 
21 
08 

oaii  1.M1I  ,         i.HKi  HI)  Kill  :i8  ;ioi 

•  ,",1;        .\  viT.i;;!'..  7j!;S        .\  viTiigr..  lOj,',,        .XviTiijjo..  733 


11.  I  )oc.  Uli- 


•lis 


ALASKA    INDUSTKIKS. 


Novcinl)Pr  lo  tlio  fjxinp  season  l)e<raii,  and  closed  .laiinary  20. 
Altogctlier  ;}74  skins  were  taken,  viz,.'J;{7  l»lno.  and  37  wliit<'.  The  fjicat- 
cst  number  taken  by  any  native  was  L'r>,  which  Avere  cauglit  by  Kerrick 
ArtonionaT,  the  oldest  man  on  rhf  is  .ind. 

November  22  the  United  States  revenne  steamer  /)V«r  arrived  and 
hiniled  Ker.  Yassily  8hishkin,  who  came  on  l)usiiie88  coiincded  with 
flieCJreek  Ohurc.h.  lie  landed  at  10  a.m.  and  was  to  return  to  the  vessel 
iit  1  p.  ni..  but  at  that  time  there  was  too  mrch  sea  for  communication  by 
l)oiit,  an(!  the  llcdr  left.  She  ayain  retur  ed  Njvc'.nber  20,  but  the  sea 
beiiiff  tf,' .  ron^jh  to  send  a  l)oat,  she  sai  ed  and  was  not  seen  ■  jjain. 
This  was  the  lust  time  a  vessel  Avas  seen  i  ut''  April  25,  isn,;. 

Tliiinksffivinfi-  Day  and  Cliristmas  passed  pleasantly  and  H)'echil 
services  were  held  at  the  Greek  church  in  honor  of  those  (biys. 

iMuiiif^  the  </hristmas  holidays,  which  lasted  several  weeks,  I  gave 
the  natives  the  usual  supp'.y  of  sugar,  canned  milk,  Jellies,  sweet 
cra(:k<'rs,  etc.,  and  noticed  ai  d  heard  of  no  drunkenness  and  its  attend- 
ant wife  beating. 

The  vvinter  was  niihl  and  the  lowest  temperature  was  il°  below  zero, 
which  was  dming  tlu*  lirst  week  in  .January.  Tin;  following  week  the 
weatlier  was  mutih  milder. 

On  the  l.'Uh  of  .^'arcli  one  of  the  native  women  broke  into  the  com- 
l)any's  store  and  stole  i-onsiderable  gooiis,  'Piit^  key  ol  the  store  was 
left  hanging  in  t!:e  conjpany's  ollice,  where  the  woman  procured  it. 
81ic  'lad  two  accomplices,  all  three  of  whom  were  inaiished  by  iinpris 
oiiuit  .it.  (>n  searching  several  houses  of  pet^pie  su  pected  goods  were 
recovered  t.-  tlio  value  of  !?_'(i.S.  With  the  exception  of  this  crime  and 
a  few  petty  (dfenses,  the  natives  iiave  behaved  well, 

On  .\]nil  2."i.  at  10  a.  m.,  a  w  h..  iug  stean'cr,  bark  rigged,  was  sighted 
to  the  .-.aithward  of  this  island. 

Agent  Kedpalh.  <^f  the  North  American  CommerciaM Company,  l;ad  :i 
tlag  hoisted  at  the  I'^ast  Ijandiiig  without  consulting  me.  llanled  rhe 
Hag  ilown  and  wrore  the  following  letter: 

OK-'-K  (■    CI     Sci;(;i.M.   AilKNT  'I'liKASCKV   DeI'A  ItTMr.NT. 

.S7.  ''mil  hUtiiil,  .Huska,  April  ::,  /.'•VS. 
Sll! :   Von  I'.ii)  iiil'iiriiii>(l  tliiil  tlii-  hp.v  )ir<ihiliitrt  iiiiy(,ii!>  from  lainiinK  <'•'  *iiin  imIiiikI 
'■xccpt  Uy  Miflioiity  <>(  llir  Sei'ietary  ctf  t'ui  'l'ro;;siiry,  anil  v.ni  hail  im  iuitlmiity  tu 
set  a  lliiji;  at  the  ii.i^t  l,:iii(lin/{  ii»vi(i!n;  a  wlialiiiv  vcsHel  ill  sulit  to  .■rini^  Iktc. 

'I'lio  llu;;,  wliicii  was  scl  without  iiiv  jii'nnJH.sioi!.  has  been  wi/od,  and  will  lie  lirM 
inilil  tliiMiiiitti'i' can  li<   )  ii<l  Ucroii-  tlte  DepartituMit . 

Villi  an-  lnrol'V  pioliihittiil  IVoui  .suttiug  auy  lla^;  to  invite  .iiiyoii.'  to  roint'  to  tin' 
inland  oT  St.  Paul. 

JffspocI fully,  yoiiiM,  H,  .1.  .\insvvoutii, 

Seronil  l.ieHliiiiinl,  I  .  s.  U.  .1/., 
Ailimj  I'nitvil  SliitiH  Tnuniirii  .tijfiit,  in  ilinrijv  '<!.  I'uul  lulniut,  .lliixka. 
.!.  (',   K't-UifAlil,  I;ni|., 

Lncal  Aijcnt  Snrtli  Ameriinii  Conmrnial  ('oinf'Miii,  SI.  I'aiil  Itlanil,  .llaxka. 

Tlie  follov  iug  (biy  (.April  If'i).  after  dinner  at  the  compan.v's  house, 
l.ociil  Agent  .1.  (',  Kedpath,  of  the  company,  handed  me  the  following 
letter: 

Noinii  A.MKiucAN  ('oMMrfiriAi,  Compavv. 

St.  I'uul  hinnd,  .llimkii,  .Ipiil  3>:.  ;.?.'*.?. 

Silt;  Owing  to  your  pi'cnllnrl.v  nbnosioiiB  actloiiH  and  inanniT,  and  iNju-ciall.v  after 
your  oiitiu^o  ol'  ycstrrilay  iii  haidintf  down  and  .si'iziii;^  tho  I  nitnl  .states  llair  ln'loii;; 
in>.'  *•  ;.m  N  irtli  Annrii'in  ( 'oniiiiiiri'ial  Coinpany  (the  iij;ht  of  lioistiiij;  Haiiii'  liaviiic 
;...  ii>r  liriii  i|n<'Htiont>d  iliiiiiiir  tin'  t\v('nty-thr«!i>  yearn  ••''  liir  leaaes  of  the  old  ami 
lirw  coiiipanie.s),  and  the  iiiiultiiin'  littm'  Ibllowinn  the  ait,  yon  are  licrohy  iolorim  d 
that  \  our  |>r«'Heiii'e  at  the  conipaiiy'H  Iioiiho  ••;.ii  not  he  lo'iraled  ixi<^i)l  on  hii»inrKi» 

^  on  will  therelofe,  at  your  earliest  eoineiiirnie,  make  oiher  arraii);eiiii  .itn  foi 
board  (ind  wu.sliiiij;,  nt  yon  liave  I'tieililic^  lor  uoiiij;  no.     If  yuu  wish  to  bavo  your 


I 


1.' 


AT.ASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


419 


IC. 
II'    to   till! 


cooking  (lonn  at  the  Govoriimeiit  houHo  the  company  will  furnish  you  free  of  cost 
with  an  outiit,  viz,  stovo,  cooking  utensils,  tableware,  etc.,  which  iiro  to  be  rclurniHl 
whon  you  arc  done  with  th<;ui.  Also  will  sell  you  such  Hup))lic8  of  food  an  are  on 
hiin<l  and  you  may  rc<|ntre. 

This  arrangenH'nt,  being  entirely  a  fiersoual  matter,  will  not  interfere  with  the 
trauHaction  of  the  legitimate  bu.sineaa  between  the  tiovernment  and  Nr>rth  Araoricau 
ComnnTcial  C'ompauy. 

KoHpoctfully,  .1.  ('.  ItKOPArii, 

Agenl  North  Ammcan  Commercial  lompany. 
Lieut.  11.  ,1.   \iX8W()RTH, 

Actiny  Treamiry  Agnit,  SI,  Paul  Itland,  Alaxka. 

After  receiviuff  this  K^tter  I  took  siipjier  at  the  Goveniiiieiit  liouse, 
the  .same  beiuf?  preijared  for  me  by  the  Jai.itor  ami  lii.s  wife,  and  liave 
(lined  in  thi    man'.ier  .since. 

I  afterwanih  liad  a  portable  tlagf-tatl'  made  lor  use  of  the  <»overu- 
ment,  and  wrote  this  letter  to  the  company's  agent: 

OkFICK  of  SPFCIAI.   AfiKNT   TitBASUKY   DkPAKTMKNT, 

SI.  I'aul  luianil,  Alanka,  Man  ^:9,  ISn.l. 
Sir:  I  would  i'.iforni  you  lh/*t  the  fiovernMient  now  having  a  jmrtabie  ItagNtalV,  I 
reserve  the  excJusivf  right  of  sitting  a  (lag  at  either  of  the  landings  for  ves.scls  rom- 
iiig  to  thd  island. 

There  now  being  no  nccocnity  for  using  the  old  llagstiitfs  the  halliards  have  been 
unrovo  and  will  bo  rt'taiuoii  wii'i  the  flag  seized  on  the  2iiih  ultimo  until  the  Depart- 
ment rendt^rs  a  ileeision  in  reg;"d  to  the  matter. 
The  tlagstatl's  remain  intact. 
KeBpectfully,  yours, 

D.   .1.    AINSWORTII, 

Second  lAculennii!,  I'.  S.  A'.  M., 
Ai'ing  rnil-'d  Slairn  Trfntiiry  Agent,  in  rhari/e  SI.  Paul  Inland,  Alaska. 

,}.  C.  KKDPArii,  Est)., 

Local  Agir.l  Xorlh  American  Commercial  Company,  SI.  Paul  hland   .llatka. 

On  May  19  drove  seals  for  native.s'  food  from  Keel"  Rookery  and  killc-d 
1!>L',  of  whicli  numbei  190  were  jirime  and  -  skins  cnt, 

•June  1  m.ide  another  drive  from  licu'f  Rookery  for  natives'  food  and 
killed  1 17,  all  of  whici*  were  prime  with  tlie  exception  of  1  small  and  1 
cut.  Ilesides  those  mentioned,  14  seals  have  been  killed  at  the  watch- 
houses  for  watchmen's  food,  This  makes  the  total  to  date  (.Jnne  .5) 
taken  this  year  .'{."i.5.  Of  thisbiimbe'- 1  weighed  348  at  the  salt  h(m8e,  put 
liOon  i  t  a  time  when  possible,  with  the  followin};  result:  Large  prime — 
-~>2  skins,  weight  2,019  pounds;  average,  lO.^V.'^.  .Medium  prime— 92 
skins,  weight  TM  pounds;  average,  TJJS.  Small — 1  skin,  weight  7 
pounds,  ('nt — .'3  skins,  weight  L'T  pouiuls;  average,  9.  Total  number, 
'•18;  total  weight,  .'{,.'{87  jiounds;  average,  9jj15. 

I'ur.suant  to  instructions  from  the  I)ei»artmeut,  the  coini)any  were 
allowed  to  tiioose  the  skins  they  desired,  and  tiie  watchmen  bei'')ro 
leaving  for  tueir  watch  stations  weAi  informed  by  the  company's  agent 
of  tlic  kin<l  of  seal  to  kill  for  food.  v'?ompariiig  the  number  killed  this 
year  with  the  number  mentioned  in  a  previous  part  of  this  report,  the 
total  number  killed  by  me  while  aetiug  L'aited  States  Treasury  agent 
is  seen  to  ho  1,1.'{.{. 

On  the  .{d  instant  the  lessees'  steamer  Farfillnii  arrived  with  yourself 
an«l  Assistant  Agents  Itiurray  Jiiul  Adams  and  1  was  relieved  from  duty. 

1  have  used  my  best  endeavor.'  to  serve  coal  so  no  <»ne  should  siiller, 
and  at  the  .same  tinu>  not  wast<'  it.  The  widows  weie  given  a  supjdy 
whenever  I  did  not  consider  the  ijuantity  isstu'd  them  by  the  North 
Anu'rican  Commercial  Conipany  suliicient.  Also  extra  coal  was  issued 
in  case  of  sickness.  An  acct  tit  was  kept  of  all  the  coal  issued  to 
widows  as  well  as  others. 

i'eruii'.ing  to  the  issue  of  coal.  !  woidd  slate  that  I  have  been  iiiformed 


420 


Ar,A8KA    INDl'STKIKS. 


that  ill  former  days  when  natives  used  less  coal,  seal  blubber  w  ^  very 
l)leiitil'ul,  since  8r>,(K»(»  seals  were  killed  liere  every  year.  This  binbber 
])hH'ed  oil  tlie  I'uel  added  fi'reatly  to  its  durability,  beiiif?  jifreatly  like  a 
lamp  M'iek  led  by  oil.  Seveuty-tive  pounds  of  coal  in  those  days  went 
as  !ar  as  300  or  more  now. 

As  last  winter  was  mild  the  exi)enditure  of  coal  was  less  tliaii  Mill 
occur  during  ordinary  winters.  Two  iiundred  and  (ilty  tons  will  not 
ordinarily  be  too  much.  I  would  ret|uest  your  attention  to  the  coal 
house  in  wliicli  jtart  ol  the  (iovernment  coal  is  stored,  the  ntinainder 
belli};' stored  in  tiie  company's  coal  lionse.  It  was  erected  by  tiie  ii.itivcs 
and  has  a  small  shed  attached,  built  by  the  company.  It  is  too  snnill, 
the  hoise  and  shed  both  holdiiii;'  about  110  tons. 

The  weather  here  is  at  times  very  s»!veic,  and  it  is  necessary,  until 
eoiisideral)le  coal  has  In^en  removed,  to  stand  out  lor  considerable  time 
exposed  to  the  weather  while  coal  is  bein;;'  issued.  This  is  very  severe 
for  people  who  are  inclined  to  l)e  coiisumijtive. 

r  would  recommend  a  coal  house  winch  will  hold  .'JoO  tons,  where,  if 
that  amount  will  not  probaidy  be  stored,  a  shelter  will  be  atlorded  from 
the  weather.  Any  extra  room  can  be  utilized  for  storage  of  wheel- 
barrows, picks,  rakes,  axes,  spades,  and  sliovels  for  village  work,  should 
the  Department  decide  to  furnish  such.  Also  water  buckets  for  use  in 
case  of  (ire. 

The  lirst  native  came  for  assistance  on  the  L'Otli  of  October,  and  the 
number  gradually  increased  until  (tn  your  arrival  '26  families  were;  being 
supported  by  the  (iovernment.  1  endeavored  to  serve  tliese  destitute 
])eoiile  w'th  w!iat  was  necessaiy,  and  not  be  extravagant,  and  1  am  con- 
tideiit  thi'.l  no  (H.e  sulVered. 

I  found  on  my  visits  to  the  widows  and  other  de])endeiits  of  the  com 
])aiiy  that  they  weie  leasonaltly  well  supplied  with   the  necessaries  of 
life,  and  i  have  no  cause  lor  complaint  against  the  coini)any. 

The  company's  last  issue  of  dried  salmon  to  tiie  natives  was  Septem- 
ber 10.  when  li,000  pounds  were  issued.  This  exhausted  their  supply 
of  dried  salmon.  About  March  I  the  natives  stopped  using  the  salt 
saimon,  claiming  that  it  was  not  good.  The  cook  at  the  company's 
lious(5  cooked  me  some  which  was  said  to  lie  taken  from  a  b;u  rel  the 
natives  had  been  using.  On  eating  it  at  the  tai»le  with  the  others  I 
iiotic«'d  nothing  the  matter  with  it.  On  telling  some  of  Ilit!  natives  of 
the  fact  they  said  that  was  true  for  two  or  three  times,  but  after  that 
the  lish  would  taste  bitter.  At  any  rate  the  natives  stoppi.'d  using  it, 
and  th(!  «'ompany  issued  canned  salmon  to  tliose  whom  they  were  sup 
porting. 

In  May  the  natives  were  employed  at  village  work  when  the  weather 
ptMinitled.  At  lirst  the  ground  wasfouii''  fro/en.  and  work  was  delayed 
until  it  had  jiartially  thawed  out.  Some  ot  the  men  w»'ie  retpiired  to 
guard  rookeries. 

i  have  mentioned  in  the  tlrst  part  ol  this  repmt  iiow  the  men  were 
employed  last  autumn. 

Three  new  privies  were  erected  last  fall  tor  use  of  the  natives.  It 
was  the  intiNition  to  build  (I  new  ones  as  an  experiment,  the  material 
being  liirnished  by  llie  company  tree  of  cost,  but  to  be  constructed  b,v 
the  natives  at  no  expense  to  tiie  company.  The  company's  agent  conid 
iiidy  tiimiish  mateiial  for  .'»,  as  the  lumber  was  scarce.  He,  howevi'i-. 
gave  an  old  jnivy  \\liich  stood  near  the  billianl  hall,  ami  another  wliicli 
was  near  the  north  end  ol  the  village,  on  the  lirst  street.  The  new  ones 
were  each  divided  into  4  compartiueuts  and  one  of  the  old  ones  divideil 


ALASKA    INDl'STklKS. 


421 


into  -,  wliicli  t'nniisli  iuiconunodations  lor  14  fiiiiiilics.  Tlic  ol<l  ono 
near  tlic  <'Im1  of  tin'  \  iliajfc  was  iii<ivt'<l  larliu'r  up  llic  street  near  wliicli 
it  stoo<i,  so  as  to  be  near  the  iiiliabitft!  Ihmiscs.  It  was  vory  liani  to 
iii<)V<',  as  it  rtMiiiii'cd  LMI  men  to  lilt  it.  To  jMit  it  in  plicc  will  iciiuire 
tlic  lonioval  of  considerable  eaitii,  which  can  be  done  when  workin;;'  on 
tiio  new  road.  The  \m\y  sinks  are  <'aeh  10  feet  deep,  and  with  tlio 
other  dimensions  ;iive  to  eaeii  abont  sti  feet  of  cnbical  contents.  As 
yet  they  have  not  been  used  innch,  which  is  ))rot)al»ly  due  to  the  c<dd 
weather  ]>revonlin;;  them  Iroin  visit inji'  places  tiiey  were  not  accustonuMl 
To.  i  am  contident,  iiowevei-.  with  the  warm  wealiier  they  will  learn  to 
use  tiiem  and  continue  their  Uf^i',  during'  all  seasons. 

The  school  opened  Sei)teniber  o  and  closed  April  28,  the  last  two  day. s 
beinj;-  Saturday  and  .Sunday.  The  number  of  pupils  then  on  the  rolls 
was  .'i<S.  namely,  21  boys  and  ITjuirls.  Durin;:  the  term  1  noticed  no 
attempt  by  anyone  to  interfere  with  tlu^  chihlrt-n  ae(|niring  a  knowl- 
edfie  of  the  Kn<;lish  Iaii;;ua.i;e. 

The  teacher  asked  nu'  to  allow  him  to  explain  things  to  the  scholars 
ill  their  own  language,  as  they  coiihl  more  readily  understaml,  and  the 
jniest  wanted  permission  to  hang  a  holy  jiicture  up  in  the  school,  as  h(i 
thought  the  scholars  would  behave  better.  I  informed  them  that  it 
would  be  necessary  to  refer  the  matter  to  you  before  granting  their 
recpiesls.  As  the  winter  was  mild  the  attendance  was  exctellent. 
There  Avas  no  dilliculty  in  having  the  scholars  attend,  as  the  s(  hool  is 
])o])ular  with  them.  i)eing  comfortable,  and  no  studying  done  at  home. 

A  number  of  the  pupils"  parents  have  exi)ressed  a  wish  to  have  thi^ 
school  open  througlnuit  the  year.  I  think  it  would  be  beneficial.  If 
this  is  not  done  school  could  be  continued  during  May,  dune,  and  .lulj% 
and  the  months  of  December,  danuary,  and  I'ebrnary  given  as  holi- 
days. As  the  lease  |)rovides  lor  eight  months'  school,  but  does  not 
slate  whi(di  months,  it  would  entail  no  exin'iise  to  the  (loverument. 
In  case  ol  school  being  continiU'd  throughout  the  year  the  Treasury 
agent  should   be  authorized  to  close  the  scho<d  during  severe  weathr-r. 

The  school  is  as  good  as  can  be  expected  from  the  manner  in  whiidi 
it  is  (!ondncted,  but  lam  contident  that  the  amount  of  ICnglish  which 
the  scholars  learn  is  very  small.  The  oidy  way  to  have  them  learn  to 
any  extent  is  to  send  tiiem  to  live  at  some  schotd  similar  to  tlu^  Jesse 
I.ee  Home  at  Unalaska,  kept  by  .Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tuck,  where  they  will 
talk  ICnglish  and  be  with  |>eopIewho  only  speak  that  language.  As  it 
is  now,  exi'ejit  during  .sehoid  hours,  while  reciting  or  speaking  to  the 
teacher,  they  raitly  hear  the  language  sjioken.  .\t  church  t  hey  hear 
no  l'"-nglish  spoken,  as  the  service  is  conducted  in  Itussian  and  Aleut. 

Last  summer  when  s(^al  im-at  was  plentitnl.  as  an  experiment  a  con 
siderablt!  (piantity  was  sailed  and  smoked  for  the  ust' of  the  natives 
during  the  winter  nionthsand  the  stagey  season.     It  was  not  successful, 
h(»wevei,  as  cidy  live  or  six  ot  them  asked   for  it,  and  after  one  t.iai 
they  asked  for  no  more,  saying  that  il  was  no  good. 

The  |»opulation  oi  St.  I'aul  Islaml  today  (.Iniu'  '<]  is  I'.MI,  of  which 
lumdiei  M  are  in  the  school  at  rnalaska.  The  population  of  St.  I'aul 
Island  .lune  ,{(»,  IS'li',  was  also  I'.ttl. 

The  follow  ing  statement  will  give  you  an  idea  of  the  changes  w  hich 
have  taken  place;  On  the  islaml  dune  .'!(»,  l>s;)L'.  I!I0;  biiths,  7;  gain  by 
arrivals  nl'  foripu'r  residents,  ,'<;  returned  from  school  at  I  inilaska,  I; 
total.  L'tll.  heaths  on  St.  Paul  Islaiid.  7;  decrease  by  removals.  2; 
left  for  school  at  I'nalaska.  in  Sepfend)er,  I;  in  Novendier,  I:  now 
residing  on  St.  I'suil.  I.S7.     .\t  school  in  Inalaska,!*;  death,  I  :  returned 


422 


ALASKA    lUDLhTUlKM. 


to  St.  Paul,  1 ;  joined  school  IVom  St.  I'aiil  iti  f^^ttcmher,  1 ;  in  Xov«ni- 
her,  4;  total  scliolars  from  St.  I'aul  in  i^hmtUU,  I'opahttion  of  St.  Paul 
Island,  1!»(1. 

Of  the  7  deaths  mentioned.  1'  wore  of  "fjon^nmntion,  1  of  pneumonia, 
1  of  cancer,  1  liright's  disease.  1  epil«|»»y.  an«  1  infants'  coinphiint. 
Of  the  7  births,  3  were  illegitimate.  The  heihh  of  the  i)e<»ple  has  been 
and  continues  good. 

On  my  arrival  here  last  August  there  wt-.rt;  »  large  number  of  <!ar- 
casses  of  dead  i)]ips  at  the  rookeries.  tUufti  hfiving  J)een  a  heavy  mor- 
tality among  them.  August  22  1  '.initwl  tin?  ror»kmes  around  South- 
west Bay  w  ith  British  Commissioner  M»*'inut,  nful  he  counted  1!)0  dead 
])up8  on  the  sandy  spit  at  the  eastern  end  of  /a(»adnie  Kookery,  they 
liaving  been  washed  uj)  by  the  sea.  1  %'iMlMl  tli#r  place  a  number  of 
times  after  and  <lid  not  see  any.  AIm>  iiotij:;:d  mi  my  visits  to  the  dif- 
ferent rookeries  the  very  sliglit  n>"rtality  unufti^  the  pnjis  and  other 
seals.  The  pujts  which  were  deiwl  were  \mt\ta\Ay  killc«l  by  the  larger 
seaLs  crawling  over  them. 

The  great  «lirterence  between  the  moilality  la«t  summer  and  in  the 
autumn  was  i)robably  due  to  th*;  pups  Xmiua  older,  could  take  better 
care  of  themselves  in  the  water,  and  wer«  uui  killed  by  the  sea  break- 
ing on  the  nhore.  The  rookeries  have  \h'*'M  w^II  gnar(ie<l  and  no  raids 
or  attemi)ted  raids  have  been  made  on  tli«;B(, 

No  sealing  schooners  have  been  mm^ii.  'Y\h;  Ia«t  vessi,!  seen  in  1892 
was  the  United  States  revenue  steamer  IUm/,  which  left  November  2(J. 
Since  then  the  only  vessels  sight^'d  were  a  whaling  bark  on  the  2r)thof 
Ai)ri'  and  the  lessees'  steamer  h'urnU^m.  on  which  y»»u  arrived  .lune  .'$. 

The  rookeries'  watchmen  were  all  witlidt^wn  by  the  Hith  of  Decem 
ber;  the  few  seals  remaining  were  at  th«?  wige:  of  the  water,  and  the 
cold  and  stormy  weather  acted  as  a  naturKl  protection. 

Seals  were  seen  as  late  as  the  7th  of  .lannary  by  natives  hunting 
foxes  at  Northeas',  I'oint.  There  were  7  of  tlw-ni  which  had  been  caught 
by  the  arctic^  ice  closing  in  on  the  uortii  tfiflfntf  the  I'oint  and  forcing 
them  up  on  the  land.  They  were  a(t<'r«ard»  *H-n  in  the  neighborhood 
of  the  wreck  of  the  brig  .l/cjyjH^/cr  after  tb<r  ice  had  sef>arated  from  tlie 
shore  far  enough  to  admit  of  their  swiinnjing. 

As  usual,  the  old  bulls  hauled  up  l>efoi«  tiif.  Iiachelor  seals.  'The  first 
bachelors  seen  were  in  the  water  off  th*-  IJ«»f  Kof»kery  on  the  12th  of 
A])ril;  and  it  was  at  Zapadnie  liookery  on  tb«27th  of  April  the  fir.st 
old  bull  was  seen  to  be  iiaiiled  up. 

On  the  Titli  of  May  the  second  chief,  letnrning  from  Northeast  Point, 
re))orted  seeing  9  old  bulls  and  about  UM  l;a<'helor  seals  hauled  up. 
Stationed  watchmen  there  on  the  7th  of  May,  <>n  the  27th  of  the  same 
month  I  saw  numerous  old  bulls  and  aUmt  I^Kl  bafdielor  seals  hauled 
up  at  the  Reef  Hook«'ry.  Tiie  same  day  watchmen  were  so  stationed 
that  all  the  rookeries  on  the  island  were  giiarde»l.  I  deemed  this  nec- 
essary, as  no  (Jovernment  vessel  had  l;e»-n  m*u.  rj>tothe  time  of  my 
being  relieved  no  cows  had  been  iej>ort<?<l  a«  hanling  up, 

I  w(>iild  re(;omineiid  that  a  g<M>d  pair  of  nitfUi  gla.'^ses  be  provided  for 
the  use  of  the  (lovernment  Houw.  TIw*m;  h^rre  belong  to  the  janitor 
and  are  no  better  for  use  at  night  than  tliir  nakefl  eye.  From  the  west 
bluff  near  the  tiagstaft'  a  tine  view  can  l^r  }ia<l,  and  at  night,  in  (;lear 
weather,  a  good  lookout  can  be  kept  wittMXit  walking  down  on  the  n'ef, 
as  is  now  necessary,  thus  avoiding  the  |««»Miitiility  of  disturbing  the 
seals.  Pairs  of  glasses  for  use  of  the  wat<rhmf;n  at  Zapadnie,  Halfway 
Point,  and  Northeast  Point  would  alM>  itf  uM'fnl. 


f 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


423 


J  never  vJHited  tlie  rookeries  before  laat  August,  so  can  not  compare 
them  witli  past  years. 

Kespectl'illly,  yours,  I).  J.  Ainswoktii, 

Second  lAvuttiKint,  I'.  S.  /i'.  M. 
,].  \i.  <;R0WLKV,  Ks(|., 

United  tStaten  TreuHuri/  Agent  in  Charije  Seiil  Finherien, 

(S7.  Paul  Island,  AldHl.a. 


OVvfcR  OP   SPKOIAL   AfiENT  TllKASURY   DEI'AUTMENT, 

.S7.  ruiil  Island,  Alaska,  June  1:',  ISf).3. 

Dr.Aii  Hrii:  Uof'orriii^'  to  the  seizure  of  a  Hag  and  liaiyanls  belonging 
to  the  NorHi  AriieiJcaii  ( 'ommerc.ial  Company  wiiile  E  was  acting  United 
States  Treasury  Ajreiit,  (»f  whicli  I  have  informed  you,  I  would  say 
that,  as  the;  vessel  never  «;amf  to  the  island,  it  .appears  the  AiaslvaCom- 
mercial  Company  liad,  and  the  North  American  Connnercial  Company 
have,  during  the  two  leases,  set  Hags  at  the  landings  whenever  they 
desired,  until  they  jtrobably  thought  it  was  a  right  of  theirs;  and  as  I 
have  l)een  reheved  from  duty  on  this  island  and  tiie  nnitter  no  longer 
concerns  ine,  I  desire  to  drop  the  matter,  aud  reiiuest  that  the  tlag  and 
halyards  be  returned  to  the  company. 
Kespectfully,  yours, 

D.  J.  AiNswonrii, 
Second  lieutenant,  /'.  S.  /,'.  .1/. 
J.  H.  (JiiowhEV,  K8(|., 

United  Htaten  Treasury  Atjent  in  ('hanie  Seal  Fisheries, 

St.'Paiil  Island,  Atnska. 


Aiititlant  Aycnt  Mnrrau  ;  Hejwrt  for  /.W7. 

Four  Collins.  Colo.,  Xoremher  1,  iso;;. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  report  that  in  pursuance  of  Depatmcnt 
instructions,  dati'd  .\pril  27,  18!t;{,  I  saih'd  from  San  Francisc  >  May  Ki 
on  board  the  company's  steamer  Faralloii,  and  landed  on  St.  Paul 
Island,  Alaska,  on  Saturday.  June  '.i. 

I  had  sailed  from  St.  Paul  Island  in  Sei»tember.  IS'L',  ar  1  left  the 
odice  in  temporary  charge  of  liieut.  I).. I.  Ainsworth,  of  tie  revenue 
marine,  who  was  detailed  to  relieve  me,  and  in  whom  I  have  found  a 
very  superior  iiiaii  and  olli(!er,  one  in  whose;  charge  the  )  est  interests 
of  the  (iovernmeiit  and  of  the  native  people  were  well  and  diligently 
cared  for. 

coal  supply. 

On  March  10,  ISO.'J,  T  reported  to  the  Department  that  in  my  opinion 
the  (lovernment  ought  to  send  to  the  islands  annually  :.'!H)  tons  of  coal 
in  addition  to  tlie  HO  tons  siiiiplied  by  the  lessees  under  their  lease;  and 
that  after  deducting  20  to!is  for  the  two  (ioverninent  houses  on  the 
islands  (10  tons  each),  the  remaining  .'ioO  tons  should  be  divided  among 
th(^  native  inliabitants  of  the  two  i.slands. 

Now,  I  meant  to  include  all  the  natives  on  both  islands,  "widows, 
orphans,  aged  and  indigent  i>ersons,"  as  well  as  .sealers  aiul  those  who 
are  able  to  work  for  themselves;  but  after  tiie  eoal  arrived  at  the  islands 
there  was  a  (picstion  raised  as  to  who  was  entitled  to  a  share  of  coal  in 
accoitlance  with  law.     It  will  be  well,  therefore,  to  call  the  attention  uf 


42-1 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


the  Department  to  tliiH  point  and  to  liavo  it  settled  beyond  (luesiion,  if 
possible. 

My  own  exix'i'ieiice  on  tlKMsiiiiuls  teaciies  nie  that  so  loii};-  as  siicli 
questions  :\i'v  allowed  to  remain  open  the.  natives  ani  wronged  and  let! 
to  sutler  while  aj^cnts  wnnijiNi  over  preeedents  sind  p(»iiits  of  law:  and 
it  is  my  belief  that  it  would  be  ')etter  lor  all  foncenied  if  thedovernnu'nt 
would  take  care  of  all  the  natives,  without  distinction  of  aj^e,  .sex,  or 
condition. 

Tlie  present  aupjdy  of  .'STO  ton.s  of  eoal — L'O  tons  to  the  (iovernnient 
houses  and  .'}.-)()  to  the  natives — juives  about ."»  tons  to  every  family,  and 
so  lonj,'  as  tlie  quality  is  }i;ood  tliert^  will  not  be  any  sutVeriiifi;  for  fuel; 
but  it  will  be  necessary  to  have  the  coal  brou^iht  direct  from  tin'  mine 
to  the  islands,  for  whenever  it  is  left  outdoors  for  a  year  or  more  at 
llnalaska  it  slaUe.s  out  so  much  that  it  becomes  little  better  tlian  du.st, 
and  is  entirely  unlit  for  u.se  in  a  stove. 

"HEIRS   AND   SAVINGS.'' 


Wlien  the  modus  viveiidi  went  into  elfect,  and  not  to  exceed  7,.')00 
.seals  were  allowed  to  be  killed,  (joii^ress  made  an  appropriation  of 
.•jSUtj.'idO  Ibr  the  purpose  of  supportin;;  the  natives,  and  the  aj^ent  in 
charfte  at  that  tinuMlecided  that  .sealeis  should  "spend  iiiid  exhaust" 
their  current  eariiiufis  befoie  they  could  draw  rations  or  supplies  IVom 
the(btvernnu'nt.  Afterwards  it  was  discovered  that  a  few  of  the  natives, 
who  had  been  more  thrifty  and  eeonoinical  than  their  fellows,  had,  in 
times  of  prosjierity,  hoarded  sonu' of  their  earninjis,  so  that  now  they 
Inive  small  sums  to  their  credit,  or,  beiufj;  dead,  the  money  hits  been 
given  to  their  heirs.  Therefore,  the  (pu-stion  has  confronted  the  Treas- 
ury iijjents:  Shall  Ciovernnu'nf  lations  he  issued  to  natives  who  have 
money  to  their  credit,  or  shall  we  compel  them  to  spend  and  exhaust 
their  saviufis  and  brinji'  them  down  to  the  connnon  level  of  pauperism? 
My  own  opniion  is  that  it  woidd  be  unjust,  as  well  as  unwise  ami  impol 
itic,  to  comp«'l  the  thritty  and  careful  ones  to  (!ome  down  lo  the  level 
of  th(!  reckless  and  improvicb'ut  creatures,  who  have  imt  sense  enough 
to  nnike  any  i)rovision  for  tomorrow. 

In  all  my  dealin^'.s  with  the  natives  1  aimed  to  teach  them  the  value 
and  use  of  time  and  nioney:  and  I  encourii^icd  them  to  save  a  i)art  of 
their  earninjis,  iind  to  hoard  il  as  loii<4  as  jtossible  Ibr  use  in  old  ,\go, 
or  for  their  children's  use  after  they  themselves  had  passed  away; 
ami  when  issuing'  food  or  clothing,  1  made  m»  distim-tion  between 
the  person  who  had  money  saved  to  his  credit  and  the  one  who  never 
hoarded  a  cent.  I  have  held,  and  still  hold.thiit  so  loiifjastlie  natives 
are  not  to  blame  for  the  present  depression  in  the  sealing  industry  they 
should  not  be  reduced  to  pani)erism  belbrc  rectiving  aid  from  the 
(iovernment.  .Vnd  I  most  res])ectfnlly  add  that  it  woidd  be  a  great 
imju'ovement  if  the  (Iovernment  would  provide  all  the  necessaries  of 
life,  as  well  as  fuel  for, "widows,  orphans,  aged,  and  imligent  i)er.sons," 
as  well  as  for  sealersand  others.  The  presentarrangeiiieiitfbrpriniding 
fcr  "widows,  orphans,  aged  and  indigent  persons"  is  not  .satisfactory 
to  anyon«^  concerned  in  the  matter,  ami  it  <»uglit  to  be  altered,  even 
though  the  terms  of  the  lease  may  have  to  be  modified  accordiugI.y. 


SEALS. 


T  made  my  fifth  iinnnal  inspection  of  the  rookeries  (beginning  in  18-Si> 
antl  ending  in  August,  ib'Xi),  and  I  am  convinced  that  the  seals  are 


ALAHKA    INDU.STRIKS. 


425 


steadily  decrpjisiiit;  cvciy  yciii',  iind  that  it  will  i('(iiiiri>  llic  utmost  cave, 
on  tlie  jiiirt  ul'  liu;  (loviMiiinciit  to  save  them  IVoiii  total  extinction. 
Anioiif;'  other  |irc(  iiiilions,  it  will  he  necessary  for  the  preservation  (»f 
tiie  henl  to  |»rohil»it  tlie  Uillint,' of  the  hiijif  youii^iinales  whose  skins 
wei;;li  more  than  !•  pounds,  and  care  should  be  taken  that  no  seals  are 
killed  whose  skins  aie  so  small  that  tlie  h'ssees  rel'use  to  accept  them 
and  pay  the  necessary  la\.  So  far  as  my  information  jincs,  the  Depart- 
ment has  never  rnicil  upon  the  maximum  and  minimum  wei};'ht  of  skins 
to  !)(■  taken,  and  the  c.onseipience  has  been  that  every  afjeiit  in  charj;e 
of  the  islands  estalilished  his  own  whim,  without  any  two  of  them 
li(  in;;-  alike;  and  this  has  led  to  a  demoiali/ation  of  the  whole  system 
of  permanent  rules  f(M'  the  ;;nidance  of  Treasury  afients.  lessees,  and 
native  sealers. 

A  {-((od  plan  woidd  he  to  i)rohil)it  the  killing  of  seals  whose  skins 
\vei;"h  over  !(  pounds,  and  to  hold  the  lessees  resjionsible  for  all  under- 
si/(Ml  seals  killed,  except  in;;  accidents.  All  rejected  skins,  whether  cut, 
sta^fey.  or  small,  slioald  la*  salted  separately  and  sold  on  (iovernment 
aeconnt  in  San  l''ranciseo  at  tlu^  end  of  the  sealing  season.  Seal  skins 
and  fox  skins  ;;iven  to  t!ie  natives  ar((  used  exclusively  for  tradinjj  in 
1i(pioi'  and  other  illicit  articles  which  do  not  an<l  can  not  bcnelit  them 
in  any  manner,  aial  therefore  ought  to  be  discontinued. 

(JIAUDIMi    Till':   KOOKKUIES. 

It  will  be  necessiny,  too,  to  keej)  armed  vessels  in  Beriufj  Soa  from 
.Tune  1  to  Deeember  1  of  each  year,  and  not  less  than  two  swift  (tatters 
or  cruisers  should  be  emi)loycd  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  islands 
<lurinj;  the  period  named.  It  is  not  necessary,  nor  ia  it  Just  or  wise,  to 
land  armed  crews  of  white  nuMi,  soldiers  or  sailors,  on  the  islands  to 
^^uai'd  the  rookeries,  for  if  the  cutters  are  kept  in  the  sea  till  the  seals 
leave  the  islands  in  December  there  will  not  be  any  danger  of  nniraud- 
ers  landing  there. 

1  most  earnestly  call  the  attention  of  the  Department  to  tlio  fact  that 
the  fewer  strangers,  whether  guards,  visitors,  oi'  others,  allowed  to 
land  or  dwell  upon  the  seal  islands,  the  belter  it  is  lor  the  native  jieo- 
l)le,  who  are  rarely  benelited  by  contact  with  white  men.  Until  the 
Treasury  agents  in  charge  of  the  islands  a^k  for  additional  guards  it 
will  be  well  l(»r  the  Department  t(t  leave  the  care  of  the  rookeries  to  the 
Treasury  agents  and  the  natives,  well  armed. 

Put  a  Winchesier  ritle  into  the  hands  ol  every  adult  male  on  the 
islands  itliey  prefer  ir»  7(1)  and  then  put  agents  in  charge  who  are  i)liysi- 
(•ally  able  to  walk  ovei'  the  rough  ground  wluMi  it  becomes  necessary  to 
do  so,  and  it  will  be  found  that  no  outsiders  are  needed  there  to  do 
guai(l  duty. 

Houses  wei'c  built  near  the  more  exixised  rookeries  in  ISOli  for  the 
comfort  and  con\fnience  ot  the  watchnu'n  (ui  guard  duty,  and  I  respeet- 
fidly  suggest  tiiat  telephone  lines  be  creeled  from  such  houses  to  the 
(iovernment  house  on  each  island.  A  line  from  Southwest  Hay  and 
another  from  Northeast  I'oint  mi  ^)t.  I'huI,  and  from  Zapadnie  and  east 
rookeries  on  St.  (ieorge  woidd  be  all  sullicient. 

It  does  appear  strange,  in  the  light  of  recent  events,  tliat  so  very  lit- 
tle has  been  done  tbr  the  proper  ])i<)tection  of  the  rookeries,  and,  strati 
ger  still,  that  there  should  bes(»  little  kriown  oi  the  real  situation.  The 
truth  is  this,  the  natives  are  able  ami  willing  to  guard  the  seals  on  the 
rookeries,  and  they  can  do  it  easily  ami  well  if  the  (iovernment  will 
ouly  provide  the  means  to  do  it  as  it  ought  to  be  dune. 


42«; 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


To  send  wiiito  men,  as  ii  reserve  guard,  to  loinain  in  the  villagos 
wliilc  tlic  natives  f,'(»<»iit  (rum  (>  to  12  miles  toyuard  tlie  seals,  is  to  iiisidt 
and  iiijure  every  native  man  cm  the  islands,  and,  if  persisted  in,  will 
eventually  <'nd  in  blood.  For  the  sake  of  |)eaee — for  the  pood  «(f  the 
native  jwople — 1  snjjijrest  that  no  more  white  men,  soldiers  or  sailois,  be 
lauded  on  the  islands  to  do  guard  duty. 

FOXES. 

As  the  time  has  come  when  the  (lovernment  must  feed  and  clothe 
the  natives  of  the  seal  islands,  and  as  there  is  no  immediate  ])ros- 
l>ect  of  an  increase  of  seals  for  years  to  come,  I  tliink  it  would  be  wise 
on  the  part  of  the  I )e])artment  to  attempt  to  make  the  islands  stdf- 
supporting,  if  it  is  ])ossiblc  to  do  so  wit!iout  meddling  with  the  rights 
or  ])rivileges  of  others. 

The  most  valuable  animal  on  the.  islands,  next  to  the  fur  seal,  is  the 
blue  fox,  whose  skin  sells  readily  for  .^10  to  $ir»,  and  wiiich,  under 
proper  management,  could  be  made  to  bring  in  a  revenue  sutlicient  to 
make  the  native  inliabitants  not  only  self-supporting,  but  far  more 
(;omfortable  than  ever  before. 

There  is  not  a  word  in  the  lease  about  foxes,  nor  has  tlie  nepartuieiit 
ever  made  a  rule  or  regulation  that  is  ever  lu-ard  ot  on  the  subject ;  but 
the  natives  have  been  allowed  to  hunt  and  trap  and  siaugliter  them 
indiscriminately,  until  they  are  nearly  extcimiuated.  The  skins  were 
sold  by  the  luitives  for  a  few  cents  each,  oi",  occasionally,  a  drink  of 
bad  whisky. 

I  think  it  is  safe  to  say  that  20,000  blue  foxes  were  killed  on  the 
islands  in  the  twenty  years  beginning  with  1870  au'^  ending  with  l.SiS'.t, 
for  winch  the  natives  received  not  to  exceed  50  ce?  >  <>ach,  or  .'510,()()0, 
although  the  same  skins  actually  sold  for  !J!L'00,00o  in  iSan  Francisc(». 
Now,  1  maintain  that  that  sum  of  money  should  have  been  secured  and 
saved  for  the  natives,  to  be  drawn  ui)on  in  seasons  of  distress,  like 
the  present.  I  crave  the  serious  attention  of  the  Department  to  the 
(juestion  of  foxes,  and  I  respecjtfully  suggest  that  regulations  be  made 
by  which  box  traps  shall  be  used  exclusively,  so  that  every  vixen 
caught  may  be  turned  away  uninjured  and  none  but  the  males  killed. 
The  present  barbarous  method  of  taking  foxes  in  the  common  steel 
trap,  which  maims  everything  caught,  will  (eventually,  if  persisted  in, 
exterminate  the  foxes  on  the  I'ribilof  islands. 

By  the  use  of  the  box  trap,  as  suggested,  and  the  establishment  of  a 
shorter  hunting  season  for  a  year  or  two  until  the  animals  increase  to 
their  original  number  and  sjilendor,  there  may  scum  be  taken  annually 
ou  the  two  islands  1,500  to  2,000  prime  fox  skins,  that  will  sell  for 
$2(M>00,  a  sum,  I  repeat  it,  amply  sutlicient  to  support,  if  jiuliciously 
expended,  every  man,  woman,  and  child  on  the  islands  in  afar  better 
manner  tlian  they  were  supported  in  their  best  and  most  prosperous 
days. 

Simple  justice  requires  that  I  should  say  the  jjiesent  lessees  raised 
the  price  of  fox  skins,  an«l  are  now  paying  $2  jjcr  skin. 

HOHOOLS,  WATER,  AND  DKAINA(iK. 

I  have  said  so  much  about  schools,  water,  and  drainage  in  former 
reports  that  1  do  not  deem  it  expedient  to  repeat  the  story  her(>;  yet 
the  subject  is  so  very  important  to  the  unfortunate  peoitle,  who  have 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIKS. 


427 


no  otiior  wiiy  of  reaching  tlio  (lovffriminif,  that  f  deoiii  it  my  duty  to 
hkU  you  to  endeavor  to  iiiipieHH  upon  tlie  Hcpaitnient  the  necessity  of 
e8tabIiHhin}(  (ioverninent  Hehools  on  tlie  seal  ishind.s,  if  the  chihlreii 
are  ever  to  be  lifted  out  of  the  present  defjraded  and  degrading  con- 
ditions. It  is  absolutely  necessary,  loo,  tluit  water  in  abundance  be 
brought  into  the  villages  on  each  island,  iind  that  a  thorough  system 
<»f  drainages  be  established. 

I  respectfully  refer  you  to  the  plans  drawn  by  .1.  Stanley- lirown,  and 
accompanying  his  rejmrt  to  the  Hccretaiy  of  the  Treasury  for  1892. 

OUPHANS  AT  SCHOOL  AT  INALASKA. 

In  September,  ISOO,  I  sent  (» orphan  girls  from  St.  Taul  Island  to  the 
American  school  at  I'nalaska  and  sui>8e(iuently  4  others  have  been 
sent  there.  I  could  and  should  have  sent  ;{0  orjihan  girls  when  I  .sent 
the  (i  had  there  been  room  for  them  in  the  school,  for  I  was  anxious  to 
put  them  Into  the  hands  of  a  Christian  woman,  whose  heart  is  in  the 
work  of  saving  such  children  from  a  fate  that  is  worse  than  death,  and 
the  result  has  more  than  satistied  me  and  justilled  the  experiment. 

The  n)ajority  of  the  children  sent  to  this  .school  were  the  jtoorest, 
loweHt,  dirtiest,  and  most  ignorant  on  tiio  islands,  and  they  could  not 
sjjeak  a  word  of  the  English  language;  aiul  yet,  after  a  term  of  two 
years,  every  one  of  them  was  able  to  write  lOnglish  as  well  as  the  aver- 
age white  school  child  of  similar  age.  Three  of  the  oldest  have  nuir- 
ried,  and  li  of  them  are  housekeepers  on  St.  Paul  Island,  where  for 
morality,  cleanliness,  and  good  hou.sekeeping  they  are  models  of  excel- 
lence.    It  is  for  such  a  school  I  plead. 

Now  I  have  been  Informed  that  the  .school  at  Unalaska  has  been 
abandoned  by  the  good  people  whose  charity  kept  it  going,  and  the 
teacher  asked  me  to  i.ssue  some  food  and  some  clothing  out  of  the  Gov- 
ernment ai)propriati(m  to  the  orphans  from  the  .seal  islands.  I  asked 
the  general  superintendent  of  the  les-sees  to  assist  the  orphans,  and  he 
told  me  the  le.ssees  would  keep  them  as  long  as  they  remained  on  the 
islands  and  no  longer.  I  felt  that  I  could  not  issue  food  or  clothing  to 
orphans  dependent  on  the  lessees. 

Now  the  )|aestion,  stripped  of  all  disguise,  is  8imi)ly  this:  Are  these 
girls  to  be  sent  back  to  the  islands  where  nothing  better  awaits  them 
than  a  life  of  shame,  or  will  the  (iovernment  allow  its  agents  to  issue 
food  and  clothing  to  them  while  they  are  at  school  at  IJnalaska,  whore 
they  are  being  educated  and  civili/ed  and  cleaned  physically  and 
monilly! 

A  long  residence  on  the  islands  has  given  me  an  intimate  knowledge 
of  the  people,  their  virtues,  vices,  wjckedness,  and  wants,  and  my 
advice  is,  give  the  widows  and  orphans,  aged,  .sick,  and  indigent  the 
kindly  protection  of  the  (iovernment.  and  if  you  can  not  establish  good 
.schools  on  the  islands,  where  a  Christian  woman  can  care  for  the  girls, 
send  them  to  schools  where  they  can  have  such  care,  and  sup[K)rt  them 
wlnle  at  school. 

All  of  which  is  very  respectfully  submitted  to  the  Department. 

.lo.'^Ki'ir  MruuAv, 
AsHiHtant  TrruHurii  Agent  ut  the  ISttal  lulumh. 

Jo.sEPii  H.  Crowley, 

Agent  in  Charge  of  the  Seal  Jslundii. 


428 


ALASKA    INDUS  riiir.S. 


Sllf 


.iKniHtdiil  .tjiiiil  l.iiiiiidff;   li'eiKirt  fnv  ISWI, 

St.  (li;oK(ii;  Island,  Mny  /,  yw.'. 
I  liftvo  tlif  li(ni(»r  to  miiUi!  yoii  tliis  syti<»|)sis  of  my  n-port  (iii  Mu^ 


{jciienil  (•((iiditioii  <il  ovcrylliiiig  on  tliis  islainl  that  (MHiies  uiidtT  t\n\ 
suiu-rvisioii  oft  lie  ollict'r  in  cliarp'.  .My  r('i)i..t  made  Si'ptoiiibt  r  7.  ISML.', 
doiihth-Hs  you  liavc  seen. 

First.  I  iiicloso  yon  ti  statcmoiit  of  seals  killed  from  tiio  oiid  of  tin- 
sta>i«'.y  season,  Ocfoher  20,  to  November  !!•,  IHOl',  inclnsivf,  sliowin;; 
Unit  tluMe  wore  1 1  drives  of  seals  made,  out  of  wliidi  .'Mil  were  killed  and 
tlieir  skins  accepted  by  the  af^fent  of  tln^  lessees.  These  .'it!*  skins  taken 
are  in)w  in  the  salt  house,  ami  (tonipleted  our  (|nota  of  2,."i(in  llowcd  to 
be  killed  on  this  island  out  of  the  i/Mt  allt)wed  to  be  kiii  .  on  both 
islands  ninlcr  the  modus  vivendi. 

Killable  Heals  were  veiy  searce  on  the  rookeries  and  I  had  considerable 
dillicidty  in  «)btainin{;  the  number  re(|nired,  anti  was  obliged  to  ;j;ou|ion 
tiie  rookeries  and  select  the  killable  seals  from  anionn  the  cows  after 
drivintr  Imth  tojjether  a  sliort  distance.  Tiiis  I  tiiouj^iit  i)referal>lo  to 
drivin<;  a  large  number  of  cows  to  the  killing:  jirounds  befoie  nnikiuf^ 
the  selection.  I'rior  to  18!)()  but  one  (ifth  as  nniny  seals  weie  taken 
yearly  (»n  this  island  as  were  taken  on  St.  Paul,  and  it  is  my  o|)inioii 
that  the  condition  of  the  rookeries  at  the  i)resent  time  will  not  adnuf 
of  a  larjrer  proportion  bein}4'  taken  out  of  the  yearly  catch  without  injury 
to  the  breediufj:  grounds. 

No  hidlnschickc  hauled  out  by  them.selves  after  ()ctoi)er  2S;  the  pups 
Iiad  most  all  gone,  and  there  were  but  a  few  cows  leftU])on  the  rookeries 
on  that  date.  There  has  been  a  nuirked  diniunition  of  seals  upon  this 
island  since  l.SiKt.  A  few  fur  seals  have  been  reported  seen  by  the  natives 
around  the  island  all  winter.  The  lirst  bull  seal  hauled  out  on  East 
rookery  this  year  was  on  A]m\  L".t. 

TlfAl'lMNU   OF   FOXES. 

Second.  I  inclose  you  a  statement  of  the  number  of  foxes  taken  by 
trai)s  and  in  other  ways  during  the  past  winter  between  Novend)er  !."», 
lSil2,  and  .lanuary  '20',  I.S'.t.J.  This  statement  will  show  you  tiiat  tiiere 
were  U2.S  foxes  killed,  of  which  the  skins  of  MlM  were  aeeepte<l  and  7 
rejected,  they  i»eing  worthless.  The  amount  of  moiu'y  advanced  by 
the  North  American  Commercial  ('ompany,  iiending  a  decision  from 
the  Department,  was  $2  per  skin,  or  $1,841!,  all  of  which  has  been 
.judiciously  used  for  the  maintenance  of  the  imtives,  with  the  ex(u^ption 
of.*!,'}!  still  in  the  hands  of  the  company,  on  which  orders  will  beissued 
weekly  for  the  mainteinince  of  the  persons  to  whom  the  credit  belongs. 
No  (lovernment  orders  have  been  issued  to  any  person  having  a  credit 
on  their  fox  skin  a(;(;onnt. 

There  were  iM  persons  engaged  in  trapping  and  they  have  in  use 
about  ."UK)  traps.  Besides  the  number  trapped,  there  was  a  large 
number  of  foxes  taken  from  their  burrows  witii  a  long  piece  of  whale- 
bone, which  prior  to  1891  they  did  not  use.  No  foxes  were  taken  on 
this  island  during  the  winter  of  18!)l-!t2.  The  catch  the  i)ast  winter, 
in  my  opinion,  was  altogether  too  large;  about  I'oO  more  than  should 
have  been  caught. 

This  industry,  from  which  the  (rovernment  derives  a  large  revenue, 
if  properly  ju'otected  would  go  a  long  way  toward  maintaining  the 
natives,  now  that  the  money  i)aid  them  for  taking  seals  is  not  enough 
for  their  supjiort.  Tiie  number  of  foxes  trai>ped  should  be  the  guide 
to  go  by.  instead  of  the  dates  between  which  they  may  be  trapped.  I 
do  uot  thiuk  that  any  could  be  taken  on  the  island  during  the  coming 


i 


ALASKA    1N1)IJ8TUIK8. 


t2!l 


winter  without  danger  uf  exturiuiuutiuu. 
could  be  killed  iiiimially. 


With  Olio  year's  lest  700 


I  NITED   STAir.S    IN    A<'(,'OrNT    WITH    TUK   ADULT   NATIVES. 

Third.  I  inclosp  you  ii  statoinont  showinp  the  fiiiiincial  Htaiidiii^  of 
each  male  adult  oil  the  island  with  the  I'liited  States,  'i'lu- debit  and 
credit  of  each  person  is  shown  U|»  to  date.  There  has  been  labor  per 
tbriiied  to  the  aiiioiint  of  $1.1 17.  divided  as  Icdlows:  For  watching  on 
the  loiikeries,  .* l.'M.aO;  for  iiiakiiifi;  roads  and  other  work  under  the 
direction  of  tlieoHicer  in  charfic,  ••<tt8i;..')0.  There  have  been  "JIT  (lovein 
nieiit  orders  issued,  ainoiintinjf  to  ."Hl.l.'j'i.dl,  divided  as  follows:  lilu 
orders  to  the  natives  for  food,  elotliiii'4.  etc.,  *1,(>.").").;{1,';  orders  Nos.  L'S 
and  -it,  lor  jiolatoes,  divided  by  the  chief,  •'jiO.fiS;  orders  Nos.  ,'U  and  .'.li, 
for  wheelbarrows,  shovels,  and  other  tools,  m:.')!.!.'*);  order  No.  .'{.'J,  for  1 
can  of  oil  for  use  of  lantern  at  Zapadnie.  •'!<1..50:  order  No.  12,  for  sup- 
plies to  natives  on  watch  ])rior  to  , Inly,  ISKi,',  ^1(1;  ixder  No.  -I'i,  for 
biiildiii);  and  lepaiiiii};  watclihoUHes,  *li0.8o.  All  the  articles  men 
tioned  in  orders  Nos.  -'S,  :*!>,  ,'}1,  .L'.  .'{.'{,  42,  and  -'l.'J  were  pni chased  for 
the  use  and  (toiiifort  of  the  iiativeH,  and  should  come  oiil  of  the  appro- 
priation.    I  tlioujilit  it  advisable  to  draw  orders  for  the  same. 

Von  will  note  that  some  of  the  accounts  arc  largely  overdrawn,  while 
others  have  «|uite  a  sum  to  their  credit.  This  was  caused  by  some  of 
the  ])eople  haviiifj  had  money  to  their  cledit  in  the  hands  of  the  North 
American  ("(unniercial  ("ompaiiy,  while  others  had  their  acc()Uiit8  almost 
exhausted  when  1  arrived  on  the  island  in  June  last.  No  orders  for 
supplies  were  fjiven  to  any  jierscui  until  his  credit  with  the  company 
was  used  iijt.  This  conimmiity  has  been  well  supplied  with  food,  cloth- 
injj,  and  other  necessaries  of  life  the  jtast  year.  I'resh  beef  (canned) 
and  tomatoes  have  been  furnished  to  them  once  a  week  most  all  winter. 
1  consider  their  condition  at  the  present  timeas  refjardsclothinj;-  better 
than  it  ever  has  been  since  I  have  known  them.  No  complaints  have 
been  made  durinf;:  the  year. 

If  some  arrangements  could  be  m.idc  whereby  they  could  be  i)aid  in 
cash  at  the  end  of  eacdi  week  for  labor  iierformed,  more  work  would  be 
done  for  less  money  than  we  are  paying  them  now.  They  say  that  the 
company  |)ays  them  in  cash,  while  the  work  they  do  for  the  (Jovern- 
iiient  must  be  paid  for  in  orders  on  the  store  of  the  North  American 
Commercial  Company.  The  oflicer  in  charge  could  take  into  consider 
ation  the  amount  of  cash  paid  them  when  issuing  orders  for  their 
supplies. 

MONEY  TO  TUE  CREDIT  OK  THE  NATIVES. 


Fourth.  1  inclose  you  a  statement  showing  the  amount  of  money  in 
the  hands  of  the  North  American  Commercial  Company  to  the  cretlit 
of  the  natives  of  this  island.  You  will  see  that  the  total  amount  is 
•'*l,'.»8;i.(J.'>.  of  which  there  is  belonging  to  the  priest  $1,L'40.I.'{:  to  the 
<»rphans,  $;j;U.()7.  Amount  available  feu*  maintenance  of  natives, 
*  tO'.».L"».  The  money  due  the  orphans  can  only  be  used  in  the  purchase 
of  clothing  on  an  order  from  the  oHlcer  in  charge. 

TIk^  *1.4(i  due  Anfansia  Prokopotf,  $  l.!»0  due  Nicoli  Nederazotf,  »;57.;M 
due  (iiegory  Swetzofl",  and  -^.iti.y.")  due  Kvdokia  IMiilimonoff  can  be  used 
in  the  purchase  of  clothing  on  an  order  from  the  Government  ollicer. 
Nedesda  Mueulitf,  oneof  the  orphans,  has  a  credit  of  $121.28;  is  attend- 
ing school  in  Cnalaska,  where  clothing  and  other  necessaries  are  fur- 
nished free.     She  will  not  rei|uire  any  money  for  a  long  time.     The 


430 


ALASKA    INDUHTRIKS. 


1120.14  (I lu;  Doiiiotri  liOsteiikotV,  ${)(». iO  diu^  Micliaol  lA'Bteiikott,  and 
$llS.ri()  due  lOvitii  Kuiikidoll'  jh  tlie  only  iiioii*>,v  in  tlie  IuiikIh  of  tlict 
company  tliat  can  bo  paid  out  in  moderation  without  eonsultint,'  tiie 
otllcer  in  cliarge. 

FIIKK-COAI,   ACCOI'NT. 

Fifth.  I  incloHti  you  a  statement  of  tiic  native  free-coal  account,  by 
which  you  will  see  tliat  on  iluly  M,  ls!>2,  tliere  wan  w«>i^lied  and 
rccei|»tcd  (or  224,000  pounds.  Si'nco  the  Utli  day  of  Au{,'nHt.  1H02,  I 
have  luadu  72  deliveries  of  1,!)(K>  ]H)U!ids  ea<-h,  l.'Ui.HOO  iionnds;  h'avin;; 
a  balance  on  hand  of  S7,200  pounds.  Kroin  May  I  until  August  1 1  the 
number  of  times  that  coal  will  be  delivered  will  not  exceed  2(»,  or.'{8,0<K). 
)>onnds,  which  will  leave  a  balain^e  still  on  hand  on  the  latter  <late  of 
;i0,200  pounds.  I  would  recommend  tinit  HO  tons  of  coal  lie  landiMl 
here  this  year  for  the  free  use  of  the  natives,  and  I  know  that  (luuutity 
will  be  sutlicicut  for  next  year's  use. 


SALT   AND   niMEI)   SALMON. 

Sixth.  We  have  left  over  8  barrels  of  salt  salmon.  If  salt  fish  is  to 
bo  lantied  this  season  instead  of  dried,  7  barrels  will  besnilicient;  1.1 
barrels  is  all  that  is  required.  There  is  no  use  in  having;  salt  fish  left 
over  f(U'  future  use.  Fish  when  salted  does  not  improve  with  af,'e. 
There  were  3(53  dried  salmon  landed  here  last  Heptember;  the  weifjht 
of  each  fish  is  about  half  a  pouiul.  I  consid<'r  salt  lish  preferable  to 
dried.  Should  the  l)e])artment  order  dried  salmon  landed  in  the  pla(;e 
of  salt,  I  would  recommend  that  1,000  dried  lish  be  put  on  shore  for  the 
free  use  of  these  people. 

CENSrS  OK   ST.   (iEOlKiE    ISLAND. 

Seventh.  I  inclose  you  a  census  report  of  this  island  made  May  1, 
180;{,  by  which  you  will  see  that  the  total  number  of  native  inhabitants 
is  86,  of  which  42  are  males.  The  afjes  of  tlio  oldest  aiul  youufiest 
native  persons,  outside  of  the  priest  aiul  his  wife,  are  as  follows:  The 
oldest  male,  17  years;  the  oldest  female,  51  years;  the  youn{,'est  male, 
10  months;  the  younfjest  fennile,  1  year. 

The  general  health  of  the  community  has  been  good,  but  2  deaths 
having  occurred  tlu'  past  year,  both  children — one  a  boy  of  2^  years 
and  the  other  a  girl  of  8  years.  For  further  particulars  I  refer  you  to  a 
(!opy  of  a  report  made  l)y  Ur.  L.  A.  Noyea,  the  resident  physician.  (See 
copy  of  report  inclosed.) 

SCHOOLS. 

Eighth.  I  inclose  you  a  copy  of  the  school  report  made  by  Mr.  Taid 
Mitchell,  teacher  for  the  North  American  Commercial  Company,  who 
has  been  very  faithful  in  the  performance  of  his  duties,  and  1  have  no 
doubt  has  done  as  well  as  any  teacher  could  under  the  circumstan(;es. 

1  do  not  think  that  much  progress  has  lieen  made  in  the  way  of  edn 
cati<m,  nor  do  I  believe  that  any  can  be  made  while  the  service  of  the 
(ireek  ('hurch  is  conducted  in  the  Russian  lanp  age.  The  church  serv- 
ice has  a  tendency  to  neutralize  all  they  le.  .i  in  Fnglish  while  at 
school.  Until  some  change  takes  i)lace  we  can  not  look  for  more  prog- 
ress in  the  way  of  educating  these  people. 

It  is  astonishing  to  see  both  young  men  and  women  20  years  old  and 
upward,  who  have  attended  scliool  for  ten  years  or  more,  that  can  not 


ALASKA    INDUSTItlEH. 


4.31 


rend  or  write.  Tln-rc  is  not  <m»^  of  tboin  thut  van  rond  n  (lOvoriinuMit 
ovtU'V  when  th*-y  rci-fivt*  it.  I  would  iidviHt^  in  tiitiu'c  tliiit  luttliiiifr  Ixit 
I'iii^lisli  ho  iillowcd  s|>i*k<>ri  Ity  tliu  Hcliolurs  wbeu  in  and  arunud  the 
HcboolliouHe  during  Hchuol  liuurH. 


CUNDrOT  OF   THE  NATIVKS. 

Ninth.  The  niitivcs  have  alwayn  been  rospootfal  in  their  demeanor 
toward  tiie  otticer  in  (;har};<^  and  otherH  in  authority;  have  always  been 
reatly  ami  willing  to  work  whenever  ealled  on.  Tliey  have  made  j,'ood 
roads  all  through  the  village  and  have  almost  eouiploted  a  4  foot  trail 
I'rom  the  village  lake  to  ICa-st  rookery.  It  was  my  intention  to  have 
good  roads,  wldcli  are  badly  needed,  from  the  village  to  all  the  rookeries, 
in  order  that  a  person  could  go  upon  the  rookeries  alter  dark  without 
danger. 

iiVXH  HttEWlNCK 

Tt  has  always  been  the  cu.stom  for  these  people  to  brew  quas  (beer) 
whenever  they  ean.  I  ean  not  see  any  way  to  prevent  it.  If  they  ean 
not  get  jelly,  sugar,  sweet  erswikers,  or  some  other  kind  of  Hwoets,  they 
will  make  a  mixture  from  Hour. 

I  have  not  seen  or  heanl  of  any  disturbance  (!aus<Ml  by  the  use  of 
quas  during  the  past  winter,  and  I  have  endeavored  to  impress  npoi. 
their  minds  that  the  (lovernnient  was  desinms  of  having  them  become 
good,  sober,  and  industrious  eiti/;en8.  While  I  know  they  have  made 
quas,  I  do  think  that  it  has  been  made  in  less  (piautities  thau  in  former 
years. 

THK   NOIiTII   AMERICAN   COMMEUOIAL   (!OMl»ANV. 

Tenth.  The  North  American  Conunercial  Company,  througli  its  gen- 
eral i.iid  local  agents,  iiave  com])lied  witli  the  retiuirementsof  the  lease 
on  this  island.  They  have  painted,  papered,  and  repaired  in  other 
ways,  as  far  as  their  material  would  go,  most  of  the  native  dwellings, 
have  furnished  new  desks  lor  the  schoolhouse,  and  repaired  the  build- 
ing in  other  ways  to  make  it  (comfortable.  They  have  furnished  the 
widows  and  orphans  food  and  clothing  in  sutticient  quantities.  Salt 
and  barrels  for  tlm  curing  of  meat  and  llsh  have  been  furnished  when 
asked  for,  as  recpiired  by  the  lease.  All  goods  sold  have  been  sold  at  a 
reasonable  i)riee,  and  the  goods  have  been  tirstclass  in  every  particular. 
School  has  been  taught  for  the  full  term  of  eight  months.  There  has 
been  a  competent  jdiysicianon  the  island,  and  good  medical  attendance 
and  medicines  have  been  furnished  the  sick. 
Very  respectfully, 

A.  W.  Lavkndeu, 
Ilnitcil  Sfairs  Trettsuri/  .Ifieiit,  in  charge  of  St.  Oconje  Island, 
UnITK,!)  SI'ATKS  TkIOASIUV   AdENT, 
In  vliaryc  of  Heal  Islands. 


482  ALASKA    INl>r8TKH:8. 

Ex<.:.'>stJUKs  \Mrii  M-Ki  lAL  AOENT  <  kowlky'm  a.nscai.  itr.roni'  1 1(11  1^9;!. 


«^ 


lOxmiur  A. 

.Iiiiiiidt  uliilemint  '•/ f'li'  kioIi  killiil  ini  St.  I'ttiil  li'und,  .(/(i-iAii.  I'liritin  tin    iiiaidideil 

Aiiiiiiot  J .',  ISHS. 


lliilf. 


KuokiTV. 


Nov.    II       IJcof 

II      Norihi'.  ill  I'liiiil 

I'J   ,  Tlll.sl.il   Mill  Mlllillrllill.. 
V'  I  lliill«ii.>  ;'oiiit 

II  /a|iiiiliiii' 

li)    Miiiiiii-  Hill 

XJ      Kill 

'J'.f        /:ipi|i|lMI> 

■>  .     .ill, 

itif.    :.    i!r.r 

in     Kllleil  liv  wiitiliuHii 

III  liiiiKUkiii 

IMiW. 

M:n      i:t       I'.fi  r 

■Iiini'    I    ilo 

1  Wiilrlinirii  III  iliili'  I'll'  l'""i 

n      It.i'l 

Hi      T'llsliii 

■i:;     X.iiltni 

.Iiil.      ('      l!(«f 

Id      LiiUahU'iit 

It      Miiiilli-  Hill 

i;    iiiiHVi  .■  riiiiii 

■,ll  l.llKllll   .IIIUIIK    /lljtlH   .  .  .. 

„■:    Km-i.ii  r.^v    

All);.    -  '  ...hull  h  aii'l  l.iikuuim  .. 

Ilii'i'wiiy  Point 

7      Ziiildi..' 

I.!  I^    Willi  iiuirll  tor  Iimll  .  .  . 


N'nmlii'i  i.t  Mi-iilrt  Killi'il  I'nr  lUitivi-H'  loml. 

^^il.■.l■|•il■.■ll•ll. 
I.lir;.'!'       .■>!.  lIM.lr 
jiMiiii;     iT|i|til  li\     ,•     ,    . 
mlll.i,  lissi'cs.  "y  '     Slii;{|.y.      ''ill. 


r. 


Ill 

.1 

K!l 

;i 
I'JS 

rj7 
i:i 
'.1 

1 1" 
.-11 

■J  4 
4 

Hi'J 
147 
14 

:i!«."i 

4i5!l 

7:i.-> 

477 

li-.!i 

•JIJ 

I'Jii 

l.ii-Jfi 

k7 

■Jill 

■Jl',1 

i:i 

21 

.'.,  :ii:; 
+2.. 

'..'- 

I.M 

2« 

■1 

'11 
1'.' 

u:i 

r. 

1 
1 

4 
1 

14 

i;i 
■J 

l" 

4 

1 

i 

nil! 

117 

It 

MlTi 

471 

7:!ii 

1 
1 

i; 
;i 

1 

■t^'.i 
171 

(1 

I'.lil 

1 

I.  1141 

M 

1 

•  ir.'i 
■til 

7 
.5 

I 

•Jl 

5- 

i;ii 

It 

:i.  .'iiiu 

oiiici.:  oi'  Si'KciAi,  Agknt  'ri!i..vsi;'i{Y  l)i:r.M!iMicNi. 

.S7.   I'lllll  IkIiiikI,     llili'kii.  .tniiiist  :l,   /S!>.!. 

I  I'ortiiy  l':o  »'()rt»"iiiii)»  to  lio  in  cxiirt  arcordnnce  witli  t'     iiMonl.i  ni'  Iliis  ollicc 
Oil  till'  L'ltli  ibiy  of  Aii^Mi.-t,  1M!>;!.  tlm  hkiiis  licrciii  «h<)\\  u  to  liavo  liceii  rn.jecttil 

v.cni  o\  t  rliniili'd  mikI  :!!!  of  tlio  iiiiilrr-izod  rejected  '  kins  wore  acci'iited  liy  the  It.j- 

Hei's,  Iciniiij;  M  iindersizcd  still  njocted. 

.1.  IS.  ('liii\vi,i:v,   rnimui-i/  .lijiiil. 


Kxiuhii  r.. 

Anii'iiil  Hlalemnit  of  fur  xviilx  killed  ii»   St,  I'eoriji'   lulainl,  Ahtikd.  ilnriiKj  tlif  i/iiir  ciKlal 
Airiiml  .',  ISH-l,  I'or  I'mxl  I'or  iuitiri:i. 


I>:iti' 


1811;;. 

(let.     'Jd 

'.'.'■ 
•JO 

•JH 
Nov.     1 


S) 
II 
I'.l 


Niiini'H  i.r  ruiiUoi-jiH. 


I'lltS 

Tntll  "'■""         iv.i.'iliil 

iiciiiilcil        mull  I 

i  1    wfi.cl'i. 


N'ortlic'.ist  nnilstnr.'s-  Ati'oli 

/aiiiiiliiie 

Xiiitlii  aHt  ami  SlaiTv  .\icol. 
Niirtli 


Slarrv  Atvil. 

ICa.st'. 

/apailiiio  .... 

/a p.iiliiii'  (liv""al''hiiicii). 

No    ■ 


tiirtli 


Kast  . 

/ajiaduit  (by  W.itcluuuul. 


51 
■Jl 
:iO 
50 
15 

54 


54 

7 


■JW 


■|| 
2i 

;io 

50 
15 

5:t 

54 

3 

U 

54 


;!49 


ALASKA    INDUSTKIES.  43.'J 

.liiiiiiiil  iiliiliiiiiiil  III'  f'hr  xiiili  l.illid  ml  SI.  Cinrije  Inlantl,  .tlankK,  <  (c.  — ('(intiniU'fl. 


Iijiii 


N'ariK 


it"  r'liiki  ri 


ihd:i. 

Mii\    Jd     Sliirrv  Ati'il 

JU     Niiilli 

•Inn.    12  il.i 

1'.'  /a|>!lillli<'  ll)V  Wiltrl.lilcll) 

■JO     (1(1 

:'l      KiiHl 

-II  Ndllll  iiiiilSlar.y  Alril.. 

J't  /ii|ia>lni>'  (liv  u'.iti'liiiiC'iil. 

,ini\    .".  ....  .1.1 :.... 

K       (■'.J.'.l 

12  /Hi>:i(lnir  (liv  v.iil.'liiiii'ni 

!.■.      N..rlli 

It)  /apa'tiiii' iliv  walcUni.  III. 

:■-•  Sluiiv  At..',  ami  Niiilli.. 

■jn  /apailnii'  (liv  "  al.  liiiii-iii . 

:".l      Kant 

/'  ii;:.    'J  /apadliii' ll.y  w.i'i'liiii.  III. 


.•lal. 


'      IVIU 

I'i'ltM  IfJfClOll  — 

ar.  i'|iti?i|.      iiikUm' 
wiinht. 


t'oiiil 


l:iJ  I 
1117  I 


•.'7H 


1(2 
4 

171 
I 

«r> 

4 


411    

\C    

Illfl  1 

277    i 

.-.l.'i  111 

*i 

H!l  1 
<) 

(l-J 

4    

HIB  2 

4    

.Ml  0 

4    

I.II71I  •-'! 


OKKICi:    HI'    !<I>K(.IAI.   A(ir.Ni      I'liKAHl   l!Y    I  »KI'Alt  I  .\IKNT, 

SI.  (iiiinir  IhIoikI,    lliinha.  AiiijiihI  .''.',  IS'.i.'!. 

I  (XTtit'v  till!  riiiuy;i)iMj{  to  lie  in  exact  ai'conl.iiii'r  witli  tlio  lucmiN  of  tliiN  <;i)!rc, 
Mill  in  till'  loiiiil  pirp.-iiHtiiiv  til  slii|)niont  tlio  nmntitT  (il'HJiins  tiillif.'il  2,(101. 

K.  T.  Mai.i., 

Ami^linil  I  mini  Staler   I'niiKiirii  .liiriit. 


I', Ml  I  It n   (!, 


I.'ml  III'  ifiiloiri  mill  ihiiIiiiih  mijijiinlnl  liij  tin    .\itrlh    Imiiiiaii  t'ommirriiil  I'umpnnij  on 
SI.  I'liiil  hliiuil.  AIiihI'H,    lii;iiiit  .'.!,  IS'i,:. 


•  oidiil 


\U'\\afth\/.o*',  I:I1l'I'. 
'IcirakMiKil,  Maiy. 
liiilMiisliin,  .M.'itriiiui. 
Idiliiksliiii,  .Vf^Mlla, 
Sliii|iiisliiiil>iil',  riirii.sioviii. 
Ivodl^avi'-liiiikiif,  strpuii. 
Kii/liif.  I'aias('ii\  ia. 
!<o/liiC.  Miclia.'l. 
Ko/liiC,  Nikolai. 
SfK'liri'iiikor,  ( 'lf,M. 
,>^i-irliii'iiikiil'.  l.'ip.siinia. 
Knikiil',  Aii'ia. 
Kii,-li(>\  nikdf,  A\  iliilia. 
Koslioviiikol'.  I'aul. 


li.   I'opot',  AritiiaHJa. 
Sliiitya^ciii,  Daiia. 

7.  I'miiit',  Aviliitiii. 
I'lipc.r.  Anna. 
I'lipiit',  l^vi'dMiia. 

8.  I'eiinlinikiil',  \  a.silida. 
!).    \U'/.a.\\/<)(,  Anna. 

10.  IJiiiika'.  ishnikor,  .Viii^sia. 
K'ookavi.sli  III  Kill,  I'aiaHi'nviii 
Ix'ookavislmiknt,  .\niia. 

11.  Sliiilya;,nn,  <  liilfta 
11.'.  Tarantova,  .\mia. 

TariiitoN  a,  Aiimi. 


Hxuir.ri    1). 

OiKH  K  (II'  Si'i'.i  i.M.  AiiKsr   TiiiiA.sruv   l)i:i'AiM'Mi'.Nr, 

.luyii.^l  :.1,  /s:i.l. 
Siii:   I   luM't'witli  sulniiit  a  list  of  \viilii\v,>^.  oipliann,  and  ntliiT  (li'iicinlcnls  whom  I 
rofjai'd  as  propir  sub.jfct.s  to  In'  siijiportiMl  liy  the  riinipany  ii'idtM-  llicir  contracl  witii 
I  hi'  (iiiM'iniiii'nt.-.iiil  lospcrtliilly  rei|iii'hl  that  you  t'lirnisli  tlieiii  williHiuli  «ii.sti«nanrc. 
ill  tbt'  CiUiii'n  as  their  cunil'int  may  roiiuirn.  otc. 
K»^8p(H't Cully,  yiinr.i, 

,I(i>i:i'ii   li.  (Kiiwi.K^,  Tnnnurii  Aijinl , 
Mr.  llKum.K  K.  ■ri>fni.K, 

Siijtiriiitdiili III  \orlli  .\iinrii-iiu  Ciniiinevriiil  I'lmpaiui. 

Jl.  Doc.  '.L' '2S 


lat 


AJ-AKKA    INDUSTRIES. 


I.idi  of  iriiliiii:",  oryi/idiM,  ninl  ulliirx  irlio  nrc  io  he  J'nrninhid  J'mtd  aiitl  rliilhin;i  hi/  Ihr  IritnrfH. 


Niiuu'. 


Kinknir.  Mii.,im.  'inbicilt' 

Knikiiir,  I'liilijlii,  will- 

KniKiill',  .h)liii,  Miu    

KiiiKdlV,  CoiKlnil,  (M)ii 

llMl.iKsliiii,  Matrmm 

IliilaUKliin.  .\^'ratlIla,  urpli:iii      — 

SliaiiiissliiiiKiilf,  ]'i>ra«''ivia,  i'i|iliaii 

KdnkiiviHiiiiikiit),  Sti'iiaii,  iir|iliaii 

l;i'll;i'.;la/,(iir,  ICIlcIi 

I  I'll akaiiMll,  Mary,  nriiliali 

KnslH'Oiiiknrt'.  A\o«lii.i 

KuNlu'titiikclV.  I'aiil,  hiMi 

Mr  I  rill  ill.  Mill  ill.  (irpliaii 

Km  kill).  Aiiii:i 

Knikiilt,  Nulalir 

Kriik"tl.  .loliii,  Hull 

Kii/l'Ml.  l'iiraHi'o\  ia 

Ki/Inil,  Xllrliarl.  Hon 

Kii.'.liill'.  Kicdli.  Hoii 

Scii'luinknir.  <>l«a 

Si'ii'liiiiikiilt,  lioiwiiiii'c  Him 

I'dlMilV.  .A  vdiliilia 

I'iMMiir.  Kv  KiHiiiia,  il:iii);litir 

r'lilakHliiii.  Anna,  itiitiglitcr 

riislinikoll'.  VaHHilica 

I'i>li"ll',  .\  lanasia 

Slait.va;:iii.  llai'la,  iirjiliaii 

liiinkiivislinikiilV.  AnaiHKa 

Kookiivisliiiikiill.  Ann  I,  ilaiit;lit"'r 

li'Miki'\  i>liiiikt»n'.  I'ar.i-.rii\  ia.  daiiiilitor 

Ht'/an/otV,  A  uiih 

.'<hiilv:i;.'iii,  I'l.  la    

'i't'iranlnv  ;i,  Anna 

'riiranld   a,  Anii:i.  ilaii);ht(T 


U 


13 


It 


n  10 


Ti 


in 

•a 


9» 

m 


42 


M' 


» 

M 

an 

40 
14 

'.•9 
10 

r> 

ni 

•JO 
7.'i 
4*2 


n  N["nlli». 
I.i^t  III'  'ridoiin,  iiriiliiiiix,  ainl  ollnrx  ivlm  uir  In  ricrirr  chtllnini  from  llir  hsHerH, 


|{i>iili  ni'r. 


Naiiin. 


Ap-. 
Mall.        KpiiihIc 


Ipclusift  I'otdM,  willow 

Iriiin.'  Tt'tdir,  ilaiinlitcr 

Sotia  'reldtV.  liau^iliti'r 

(Ixeuia  I'l-dkoniilV,  wiilow 

Tail'  MeniililV.  iiiplian  

ArkHliiiir < 'lain! is  UalaktinnetV,  iir|iliaii  

Unlviin Zacliar  Si'ilirk.  nrpliaii 

(iloldll .Marv  (ildtiill',  wwluvv  .    

(M-diiidll.         .        Kli/.alii'lli  Siiliik,  diphan 

(lalaktidiK'H   .        Oxinia  ^'at)'lll.luul)',  iiiplinii    

Kcicliddten Daria  Snlirk,  \' idnw 

lid  Kllrii  Kdilidli  n    <laii;.'liti'r 

l>n /ciidliia  Kiu'lidti-n,  i|aii^liti-i* 

NiMlrrazdII' folin  Ildpull',  iir)  liaii  . .    .    

!lM.sii';;dir (itMir;;!'  SliaiHIiikoll'.  nipliaii 

Snliili Mary  Mii/,i  rkaii.  iii|ilian 

'i'l '.rakaliiilV \){riliuia  Nciliiazdll.  drplian 

Di) .\lexin  Ni'ilrTazdll.  n.in 

lid Maria  Ni'ili-i-.i/olt'.  iiilant  dauitlilnr. 

irrTi'tdir Alrxaiiilria  Ti'Idll',  oriili.in 

.  Vdlkoir Klli'ii  Vdlkolt,  di|iliaii 

l>n M:idia  K'lsliin,  orphan 

Do I  dim  llt'ii'iiliir,  orphan 


:i7 
0 
7 


12 


no 

7 

21 

2(1 


2" 
20 


17 
It 


I'].\HIIJ!T 


NOHlll     .\MI  lill  AN    Co.MMKUCIAI.    ('i)MI'ANV, 

SI.  I'aiil  Ixhiiiil,  Aiiii'iiil  J.!,  /st).1. 
Siii:  Ycinrs  of  this  diito  locciyed,  inolosiiid-  ,i  list  of  Avidows.  iii|)1i!1iih,  iiiiil    otliiT 
(l('lii'ii(lciits,  wlidiii  yo.i  riMiucst  tilt!  North  .\iiirri(:!ii  ('Diuiiicrciiil  (oiiipaiiy  to  supjioi't 
n»  iirojior  siihJiutH  of  tlicir  ciirn  iiiKh;]-  the  lease. 


1(1 

M 

:(4 


■AH 
12 


':i5 

;i 
n 
as 

■lit 

14 
3 
10 

r. 
r.i 
■-'fl 


Ar.AHKA    INDUSTKIKS. 


435 


I  rospopt fully  protrst  n^tiiiimt  tln'  compiiiiv's  liability  <o  nupport  thoHcliav  iiifj  crdi- 
sidiM'alilit  ciiHli  cirilit.s  tunned  liy  ;,  lu  in  your  li'^t.  ( '<Ttaiiily  kucIi  ixthoiih  cuii  nut  ho 
n-jjiiidotl  jiH  (IPiKMiili'iits,  tliiTftoro  wiiiild  nol  'ic  a  r'liiir>{«oii  tin-  ronipiiny.  Alli(tliiMH 
Hliall  1)6  ]iiii\  iilcd  UN  till'  coni|i;iuy's  cimtra  t  i'i'(|uirfH  and  as  you  roijuest,  mm  aNo 
tliiiHc  lia\  in^  tlic  rifdiis,  until  hihIi  liui)^  aw  tlin  dill'tToncr  in  our  foiiMtruction  i>{  lli« 
Ir.isc  lict\v<'("n  tlio  (ioviM'nuiunt  anil  ilm  NniMi  American  Cmnniuriial  Conijumy  can 
Ijc  adJiiNtc.d  liy  tlii'  Stcictary  "f  tlir  TrfUMury  at  \\'a»liini:t<in. 
I  MUi,  rcs|)<'rtl'ully, 

<;i;u.  K.  'I'lNdi.K, 
■'^mierinlriiilfiil  .V«r*/i  .tnierinin  I'lnnmcrrinl  ('om)iiniii. 
Hon.  .1.   It.  CUdWl.KY, 

I  nihil  SliitiH  TredHiiry  Aijnil,  SI.  I'uul  hlaiid. 


Kxmiui'  !■'. 

(»1  I  UK    u|.    .^I'Kt  l.\l,   AciK.Sl    TllKAHritY    DKI'AIflMKNl , 

S/.  I'liiil  Inland,  Aliixka.  .tiaiiiHl  /.?,  tsn.l. 
>.  .'  jinrt'  hocouiin;;  {itUHonally  a<'i|iiaintiMl  with  alVaiiHou  tin;  iftland,  I  tiii<l  that 
Maxim  Ki'iikdlV;  .lohn  Krul^ol)',  a;;i;d  It  vimin,  sum  <iI' .M.ixiui ;  John  N.  KruKotV,  a^od 
11  ycm.t,  Mon  ol'  N.italir  KrnUolV,  a  \vi<lovv;  (icortfr  Kim  ht'i);iii,  a;;('(l  1,")  years,  sou  of 
leeluNia  'rcdolV,  a  widow,  and  \alerian  Sh.iiMiiakotf,  a);ed  1.")  years,  ;in  oipliau,  were 
thi-*  .<e;>.^()u  ]d.ired  on  ili(>  list  .ih  se.ilers  and  i>einiitt((cl  to  dra  .  rations  .ind  idothiufi; 
froui  tlifi  (ioviTiinient. 

<  <n  aeeonntof  the  mental  and  |di.\sii'al  conililion  of  Miixiui  KiuludV,  tlioiuiiiialure 
a^(>  of  .i(din  :>nd  .lohn  .\.  Ki  nkotV,  I  deem  it  a  ndstake  In  have  ]>laceil  eitherof  them 
oil  I  he  sealers' list,  .'^ince  they  have  peil'oiUKMl  sinh  liilior  as  tln-y  weri)  ahlo  dur- 
iu;;  the  Neasoii,  they  will  he  j)erndtteil  to  draw  each  a  hoy's  shaio  in  the  eonniiunity 
fund  upon  division,  ifter  the  o\peiiditnre  of  whieli  you  will  beoxpeeled  In  support 
them,  as  proviileil  fttr  undor  tho  eonlract  between  tho  (lo\  (•nnueiit  ami  lessees. 

As  lo  ()i>orj;e   Koeherj^in  and   \'aleriaii   ."shaisnaknif,  ordeis   for  clothing   will    ho 
isKurd  to  them  in  tho  future  oidy  for  their  personal  needs. 
Wespeit  fully,  yoiiis. 

.ios.    It.  (  Kowi.i'.V,   Trinniirji  .{(jinl. 
Mr.  Gi:<(.   K.  'l'i.N<ii.K, 

Supvrinlendvnl  of  Siirlh  Amirivuu  <'  mmerridl  t'limiianij. 


KXHIHIT   (i. 

Ihrinion  \o.  I — A'/,  I'liiil  Itland. 

lAnKiiHt  'J2.  1HU;i.{ 


Name. 


Alnnilnl 


Knme. 


.Viiioinil. 


12 

(id 


13 
21 
20 


2" 
2« 


17 
U 


Kariiiii;i»  of'  iiiitivcH,  5..^<H)  srat  nkins. 

at  .'>0  ciiif  a »J.  V.'iU.  m 

f'ir$l  clans.  '  ~  ^^^ 


Xiooliii  Knikiill' 

Niinliit  liroiiKiir 

Kail)  Kiitiiriii 

A|iolIiiii  H(>iii<!iikof'Hki . 

.Iiii'oli  Kiii'liulnii  

<<(illll  Koc'linten 

Sl<>]iiin  Kii/.orolt 

.Ajfcil'  Kasliiii 

Niiin  Miuiilri)(iin  

.Viiliiiiu  Mclovedull' 

Mintin  Xednvn/dll' 

■Slipiin  Nedeni/.iilV 

IVt(>r  (luntitfotV 

i'lirl'iiri  I'aukdf .. 

I'ann<l  PniHiicliin 

]{rv,  I'liid  SliaiBlinikolV. 

Ttiio.  Si'rlli-k 

Elary  Ste()i>tcii 

Kcrrii'k  '1  (MTakwiiol*... 
roterTetoir -. 

Stconil  elans. 

KiMiii  k  ArtaiTioiioir 

.Arsmi.v    \ika.'<lii)IV 

Nicoloi  Ilii^ailaiioir 

(ico.  Kiiianott' 

John  (ilotiitt 


11!).  »1 
Ml».  Ul 
6».  m 
tlil.  Ill 
09.  HI 

fiD  yi 

(W.'.U 

fi'.l,  >.l] 

Oil.  91 
69.  91 
09.  91 
09.91 
09.  91 
09.91 
09.91 
09.91 
ti!l.  91 
09.  Jl 
09.91 
09.91 


.'>5. 94 
65.94 
55.94 
5.1.  94 
55.94 


Seeniiil  rfao— coiitiinit'il. 

-Mex  (ilaiktoiiiiir .'|i5.').94 

.Mix  IlaiiHon 55.94 

i:il|illl'lle  Korlll'.d'll     W.  94 

Siinion  Mrliiviiloll' .1.").  91 

N'liioM  Slialioliii fi.'i. 94 

Va.sBiH  Seiliill 55.94 

lliiinrav  Sti-pi  ti'ii '  ."la.  94 

-N I'lin  'feloll 55. 94 

Maikil  X'lplkolV ,15.94 

.\lex  Ml  l.iMiliilV 5.'i.94 

Paul  Ilatii  niti D.'j.  94 

John  J''r»ti« ."iS.  94 

Thinl  cln»» 

Jolia  Ku/iiiik/oir 4H.9.') 

Siincipii  Niizi'koll' 48.95 

.Mi'X  Miiriiliiir 48.9'i 

Slaxiine  Kiiiknll' 48.9? 

iSjieiial  (7i»*. 

I'liilip  Soilii'k l.'i.  00 

Zarliar  I'etotV 15.00 

(iiip.  Kiirhican l.'i. 00 

.lohn  Kniknll',  Nil.  1 15.011 

.Inn.  ICnikoir,  Ni).2 15.00 

Man  veil  Zarkinott' 1,').  09 

Vfrli'iianSliaiHiiekiill' 15.00 

'I'lital 2,  7.J0.  00 


436 


ALASKA    1NU1>TUIKM. 

K\  II I  KIT   H. 

IHi-iniim  So.  4— Banking*  •/  VnHrfii. 


Ity  2 'HIT  M'nl  Kkins,  nt  fSOi'Puto «I.«K(.  M« 

'I'll  l.i'tli'iikoll',  Dmitri H.tu 

I.fnti'iikiiir.  l.in  ,  liiiiuln'iitv tH.tO 

S«.t/,iiir,  I'.uxliii 4i  «V 

Nrilir.l/.iill,  AlliPlllV ir>.  4« 

I'iiiliiii.iiinll,  Ijitf  4D.«u 

I'liiiiiiiancill.  Siiiiriin    45.4" 

liiisli^iiir  Alrxi:i     16  4<> 

(itircikcill Ci.rijiil Vi  m 

MnliiviiiislM    N'iii.li a*. '» 

I'liililiMKMill,  AnilrMliic »*  ■ 

IMiiliiii.iiiMll.  Aliilriiiii 3*1  6" 

l.fkiiiiiill  Sl.iiiiii a^ii"! 

It.  zaii/oll,  I'i't.r 3J*  W 

Oimlitf.ill.SiiiK »*.«> 


•|«  M«r«<vt^ff  ^'w^^ 

M*i!*  jW-Y '/^fci'ja   

fttfttM^ntt   fftrt 

IjMinmh'^  Mtkr 

niiimitiin'-ir  (irfrgofv 

KMtitinin^  t'.VAn  .    ' 

'ntumn  I'tniini       

kfiMtif^  Innokrnty 

%*^tvrnff     *.t.olr     

$^ht*i$Mm**ff  fiii«>k'*nty 

fnAMfHW   \rit»n,i!'*.i. 

M<-^<<«l>0  Kv  .tB  

Lmt^ktiW.  I>mitrt.  I'liicr 

t«i»l 1 


If-IH.  GO 

;iH.«o 

:iH.  (JO 

:is,  ii'i 

:m.  (Ill 

ai.r.i 

•M  fil 

•-•li.Sl 

iri.K!) 

l.i.H!) 

ir.  ID 

80.  (M) 

oii;i.  w 


♦»F,o.  C.    riN<,i,i;. 
Hupfrintemitetit  Sttrtk  .Imeriiiin  )  nmmtnUil  (Uimintiri. 

Jiwrni  I!.  CiiDWi.hn . 

Trrimuii/  iiiieut. 


Kxituiir  \. 

Sliilimeiil  !<liiiirinti  llif  ntimher  of  fuxen  LitM  »»'*l,  i,fwifr    fulanil  nnd  the  amoiinl  of 
iiiniirii  tiirnal  ft;/  //"'  iiiiiiirK  fur  Irappivj  •loini'i  H>'  •r>iittr»  of  /A'.'J.'  ntid  ls:>.:. 


Il:ll> 


Nmiii'. 


iho;t. 

.I.'iii.   'JO  LftKlriikiin,  IVinclii 

•jn  I.csioiikoll.  Miiliacl 

'H\  Switziitf   Kiiflliii 

2ti  (liiriikcilt.tdnifil.      

'.Ml  I.ikiiin>;l  SliiYaii 

■Jf,  I'liiliiiiiiii.ilV.  Iloll' 

'Jii  I'liiliiiiMiiotr,  (iri'"(ir.v 

20  I'liiliiiiaihilV.  AiicTnaii . . . 

•a  riiiliiiiiinolt'.  Aiiiliiiiiir 

'_'(!  IMiiliiuaiKill.  Siiiiciiii 

20  rrdkiipMir.  I'l'lir 

•m  Ui/.uii/.i)ll.  I'clor 

'Jti  NidiTazdll.    Vrkiiil.v 

20  Malaviiii.ikv.  Niiuli    

'20  Ml  TciillH.  .Iiis(i|ili 

20  .Mtrriiliir,  Ciorg.' 

Vi  Oiisli  ;;(ill'.  Alexia 

'JO  <lii«tr;;i)ir.  Siiiii'iin 

'20  KiiliKololt  llvan 

20  (lalaniii   I'arlii 

'20  Itizanziiir,  IiUKikfiity  .. 

'20  l'iiikii|Miir,  Anr.iiMia 

'20  I'liiiiiiHinot).   lniiok('iit\ 

20  MiTciililV.  KvMii 

20  Nicoli,  NidiirazotV 

'20  ,   MciTiililt,  Nicoli 

2!  .Sliaiio.  Itii'K.i 


--'II. 


Mniiin 
oariH'A. 


Mnlii. 


I  liaiiil. 


'I'olal 


m          I  r2  iKi 

Vl               1  2.  IKI 

ta         ..  2  (Ml 

'o  2  ir.) 

71            2  .HI 

.«                I  2  00 

a;  2  iio 

(A               2  2  IK) 

»           ...  2.  (Xi 

H                 I  2.  IK) 

.'it»  2.00 

T,  2  111) 

V.         2.  IK) 

'^ 2.  U« 

M 2.011 

Jf)  2.  (Id 

W              ;  2. 00 

» 2.110 

%t  2.11" 

II  2.1"! 

17 2  110 

ff 2.l«l 

4  2  no 

M  2,110 

#  2,  no 

I  2.  0(1 

I  2.  UO 

«M  7 


I 


.  00  #49.  01 

.oil  DO.  >0 

no  12.4:1 

.  00  211.  40 

no  44.00 

,  00   

,  no  II.  .'i7 

.(Wi  10. 85 

.(KJ     

.  00  10.  IH 

.  00  ;        ■)".  ao 

.00  I  l«.  44 

.00  I  411.47 

.00  I  U.  VH 

1.511 

.0;)    

.  00  i  .'■  7B 

.00  ,        1:1.  ;iii 
.00  1.40 

,ou   

,  00  

,  00  5.  70 

.110  

.00  

.00 

III!  

,00  

1.842.00  1:12.8:1 


1128. 1 
1:12. 
104 
llKI.  I 
142 
ln'2. 

r»2. 

RO.  I 

inn.  I 

loo.  I 

74. 
110.1 
114. 

HO. 

40.  i 

02 

72. 

02. 

22. 

:il 

12. 

8. 

:io.( 

l'2. 

8. 
8. 


Ni'l'r.  Tlii.-i  slali'iiii'iil  I.-'  maili'  up  I'l  Ma^v  I.  l"'-*/  'tt.f-  »«/<:' y  ■■ariifil  l)\  tlir  iialivivs  liir  lakiii;; 
I'lix  skins  ran  "oly  li"  jiai'l  in  tmri  liainliiMJ  »r«iJi  lii*  ttm*  tit  Hi*  Snrti  Aiiirniaii  ('ninnirn  jal  I 'oiii 
paiij  101  an  uidti'  rnim  tlii'  iiili.  i  r  in  c  li,ii(ii'.     N'u  ra»jj  it  tn  >*•  {.i»S/t  fi.r  fox  .■■kins  at  any  tinir. 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIK8. 


437 


ExiimiT  ,1. 


I 

ft   I 

i 


Sr.   I'Aii    Im.anm,  Alaska,  ./(iii>' /,  /s.v... 

I>K.\I(  Slli;  III  rii||ipliiiiir(!  with  yiilll'  lc'i|iii-.sl,  I  liNlicctriillv  Hllliliiil  tli(U'oll()wilijJ 
imi|ii;il  rc(mi  I    Im  Ih'-   IhI.umI  oC  .■»!.  r.ml   tor  tlio  _vp:ir  lM-;,'iiiiiiiii^  .hint'   1.  iKIt:.',  uimI 

<Mi>iiii({  Miiv  :ii,  iH!i:(. 

'Ilii-  liil;il  iiiiiiiIm'I' (iC  r;iNOH  f  rented  .iiiioiiiits  to 'JliJ.  iif  wliicli  !•.">  wore  Hmi|ili'  ii!iit« 
liroiicliif  M,  ,,    i:il{  I"  per  eent  (if  lllf  Hillil  tolill  |oi-  the  veir. 

Axi'le  Iroiit  the  hiteililiii  y  pi  eihsjiiiMi  t  Icni  iif  tlio  iiMlivts  tii  puliiioiiii  I  y  alieelioiis, 
(he  li'.f^f  pereeiilii^'i!  iil'  liMiiiehit  In,  whih'  iia:i\  (liil.i  liU'  ill  sniiie  (  imes,  i^  IVe(|iielit  ly 
due  til  <;ireh'-«ii('».H  or  iiidltliTence  ill  ntlieis.  siii'h  ;n  deticieiMy  in  diesM,  hiuii^iii};  mi 
the  Kniiiiid  diiliiii;  tin-  wnriiier  umlitiiN.  \v.\lkiiiir  "Ht  in  (i]ioh  iiir  iiiilii  ytiii.'dy  t'cpjjow- 
ili(r  II  hte;llil  l>;itll,  etc. 

I'l'lNiiilNioii  ;iiid  e.veit  HickniKH  itNi'll'  ;i|ipeai.s  Id  h;i\o  no  ellecl  upiui  lliiH  |i(!i  iiliiir 
rh.u:ielerintii;  ilMJinerelire.  Al  li Mies  t relit llleii t  s  .  dhiwed  /iiit iiHilly ,  ;iiii'  :ii;mii  i t 
will  111'  iietjlei  ted  until  tlie  piitieiit  t'eiiisii  liiiiil  teniiinatiiiii.  when  iiverimxi.  /  mid 
ovi-rdo^iiij^  iiro  liie  rcHiilt. 

No  npideiiiie  liim  vinited  the  i^.lii'id  diiriii;^  the  year,  iiiid  euntafjioiis  diMt'iiMs  Imve 
heeii  efiinpiiilitively  i  ale.  'I'liem  lins  liei  n  one  iiise  of  eiy  ii])(!lii>.  t  wo  of  rini;woriii. 
t  wo  ol'ehieUeii  po\  111  id  t  wo  (dM'iiliieH.  The  lornier  eiises  •..ere  Hiiniitiineoii.H  in  llieir 
ori;;ili,  lint  the  >..  ib;e.4  litehi  was  directly  tr.ieealde  t"  iinportill  ion  I'roiii  I'nahiska 
liy  visitois  I'loiii  h  lid  plai  e. 

The  leiiiiiiiiH  ol  Herohiloiii  iileefH  ari'  proiiiineiit  in  Ihtt  pureiitN  of  nearly  every 
native  |iiiiiil\ ,  yet  the  iiiaiiifestalioiiM  in  t lip  (  hildreii  have  lieon  rather  nciireo  iiiiil 
hiiMi  ahv.iyrt  yielded  well  to  treatiiii'ii'. 

A  elieiiiieal  I'     I  of  the  drill  Ulii;;  w  atei   pio\  es  it  to  lie  o  I  excel  lent  i|llality. 

],tthi  lillitii.i    dilioll.il  iiilliili'i  of  wiiiei-cloMeLs  \v  ell' I'reeled.  siillicicnt  tomeettlu) 
coiiilo!  IM  of  e\eiy  native  fiuiilly,  fliiis   inipio\  in^  the  .Maiiitary  <(iiidition  ol'  the  vil- 
lage, wliich  i-<  ill  viiy  ^ooil  order  at  present  mid  has  lieeii  for  the  iia.sl  year. 
TIh!  record  of  IhiiIih  (ind  deaths  for  tin'  year  is,  lespei  tr.  tdy,  as  follows: 

/(ir/Ad,  —  .^iilia  ^tepe  I  111.  a  dan  filter,  .lime  11'.  \X'.l'2;  Akoliuii  I  rat  is.  a  daughter, . I  line 
13,  ]>".>'J;  ,\lexiiiiiiia  \olkoj,  a  son,  Aiii.nist  L'.">,  |X(IL';  Oh.si  S(!i-ehreiiil;(ii',  a  diiiiLcliler, 
Oeloher  iJ,  MIC;  LiiUi'na  Kiishin,  a  hoii.  Noveinlier  V,  \Hi*'J:  l^vdotia  fStejietin.  a  son, 
ii'liiiiarv  K,  iKiC'.;  AiiaNtaHia  Ko/irol,  a  danjiliter,  I'eliriiavy  lit.  \H\i:i;  I'evionia 
Kolcliiiten,  a  Noll.  .Maieli  ;!l,  IM!i:>:  AKialiiia  Nedero/of,  a  son,  A]iril  I,  IHK>.  Total, 
•J;  male  i,  ."i;  fennileH,  I. 

/'(fi'A ..  -  Mai  ma  Kotchiit."n,  "J  ycar.s,  Juno  11,  1MI2,  scrofula;  Mauvrn  Muiitlrigen, 
L'd  yoais,  .lime  (i,  |H!tL',  jilitliisi.M:  I'efer  Kotchiiten,  K!  years,  .Imie  'S<,  ls:i'J,  sciofiihi 
lihtliiiiin;  IfoMe  Kconia  fllchof,  ."«-'  yiMis,  .Inly '.I,  ISIIJ.  epilep.sy ;  Akolina  .NediMii/of, 
45  yeiiPH,  .Inly  |ii,  ix'.fJ,  chronic  Urif^lit's  diHcase;  iMoHedit  Kriiliof.  L'l  years,  .Inly  L'4, 
iKlll.',  dial  rliH  a ;  Anna  I!o>;odaiiof.  'S.i  years.  lieceinlMi  li,  ISili',  iiiicmnonia;  Natalia 
|{e/aii/of,  .'.'.I  yeiifH,  lieccinlicr  ii,  1,S!I2,  cam  cr ;  \  ladiiiiir  lioliopief,  L'l'  years,  Fehiiiary 
L'ti,  iHii;!,  phlhiMiH;  .SiiHaniia  l''ratis,  IT  ycar.s,  roiiniary  I'l,  1S!I3,  ])hthisiH.  Total,  10; 
lllulliH,  'J;  feinalcN,  H. 

I  rettiaiii,  yours,  faithfully.  Ono  \'n8s.  .1/.  ]), 

Tho  Noiiiit  Ami;I(Ii  AS  ('()^tMKU(  iai.  Company, 

ihurijv  A'.  Tiiii/lr,  dtiieral  Manayer. 


,-).  -I) 


St.  »;koi!i,i'.  Isr,Axi>,  .Ua.i/  .,  ISO.!. 
Silt:  In  foniidinnce  wifli  your  request,  I  respectlnlly  siibinit  the  Ibllowinn  rojiort 
oi'  the  health  ol  the  iiatiMs,  inhaliituiits  of  this  island,  for  the  ]iast  year: 

There  have  been  no  deaths  since  your  arrival  in.  I  line  last  until  .March  of  this  year, 
sinr'e  which  time  I  u  o  deaths  have  occurred.  Marcli  'J'>.  .losepli  I'liiliinanoH,  from 
dyscnti  ry,  and  April  <i  i^vdokin  'Tickololf,  oon8nin]ition.  We  have  had  two  ov  three 
ll)r|il  eiiidcinicfi  of  inlliienza  din  inir  the  winter,  hut  nothing  of  ii  serious  charaeter. 

The  he.ilt.h  of  lliis  coinniiiiiitv  has  l>i\cn  good  (uiinsnally  so)  for  the  past  tvt'o  years, 
having  lieen  hut  three  dcatli.s  during  that  liuie— all  children.  The  sick  list  i.s  .'jiuall 
at  prem  iit. 

liespectfiilly.  Dr.  L.  A.  NoYl'.s, 

\oith  .Unericitii  Commcrcia!  <'omjiaiiti  Vh^iHic'nin. 
(,'apl.  A.  W.  LwKNiii:!!, 

iniUd  sullen  Irfitsuvii  Atitni. 


438 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


Kxniiuv  K. 

Itricii  lUitiiiiii,  AnfiHHl  :iii,  isn.i. 
DKAit  Siu:  I  am  inlbrmotl  tliat  FntlKiv  Mctn.Mhiiin^M.  of  I'iiuImhUii,  dosiroH  |)aKaaKo 
on  out"  of  1  111'  vchscIh  of  your  llcrt  goiiij;  to  tlir  i>  I  a  mi  Is  of  St.  I'aiil  ami  St.  (Joorjjt;  for 
till'  |iiir))OM'  uf  tnkiii^  iVoiii  tliimo  ishiiiilH  fiiiiils  r  illrrtod  li.v  the  cliiirrli  from  tint 
iialivi'8  ilnriiifi  llio  ])iisl  i'ij;litfrii  iiniiitlis.  'I'liis  inoiii^y,  roiiti  iluitrd  l>y  tln' iiativis 
to  tlirir  rliiin  li  on  tlii'  i.shiinls,  t^hiiiilil  elthiT  iiinaiii  llirrr,  in  my  Jiiil<;mi'Mt,  for  tlii' 
bniuilit  of  llu'ir  rhurclit's,  or  lio  rrilistriliuti'il  anioiur  tlicm,  as  in  a  former  instanrc 

Kai'li  islanil  is  jiroviili'd  willi  a  priest.  I  tlieri'fnre  ri';;aril  tin'  visitiiij;  of  father 
Metropliaiii'S  as  iinneresHary  in  the  way  of  furthering;  the  ri!,'lit  of  worslii)).  Ilenee 
I  rci|uest  tlnit  yon  ilireet  eaih  of  tlio  loinmanilin;;  ollieers  of  your  lloet  neither  to 
convey  I'atlier  Sli'tropliani's  to  the  seal  islamls  nor  to  convey  any  moneys  from  the 
islands,  belonj,dnn  lo  the  ehiinh,  unless  under  oiders  direct  from  the  Treasury 
l)ei)artnn'nl. 

Most  respeetfully, 

J.  I(.  (.'rsowi.KY, 
Spixial  Treamiri/  Aijenl. 
('onmiuiuler  N'lcoi.i.  lii;i>Lit\v. 


KXHIIHT    li. 

CeiinuH  of  the  Si'iil  lulaniU  lo  .lime  .in,  1S9,1. 


Nllliu'. 


lv<'latiiiiiHhi|!. 


r 


10, 


Artoraanntt',  Korrick 

ArloiiiuiKiir,  Alc'xaiulria ,  Wife 

IvaiMill',  KMlakea Orphan  ... 

Arkasliott',  Ar.ii'iicy 

ArkasliolV,  Manna Wilo 

Stcpi'tiii,  .lolni St«iiHon. .. 

Volki>'V,  Claudia Orjiliau  ... 

HonoilanolV,  Niroli 

]<0i;i>i1ani>ir,  Mai y SlHter 

lionrdiikollBky ,  X)iolti>ii ' 

JiouiiliikoHsky,  (Jliioiva Wife 

llourcUikiin'sky,  I'elor Hon 

15(111!  clukiiHsky.  IJlita i  Daiixlitor. 

liutciiu,  Karp 

Hut«rin,  I'arascovia '  Wile 

Hutcri  n,  Constant  iuo Son 

Scilirk,  Zadiav Orplian  ... 

I'",nianofI',  (li'iircc 

KmaiHilV,  Catliariiip Wil'o 

Kiiiniiiill',  Marv Daiitjli'i'i '• 

KoznitziitV,  Jolin Orphan  ... 

Kratis,  .lulin 

FiatiN,  AiikDoU'nn I  Wit'i' 

FratiH,  A)»ril'cna DaiiKhtor. 

FratiH.  .Tdhii '  Son 

Glotetr.  .luhn 

Glotolf,  Ainii'ta Wilo 

(ilotoir,  Mary Miitlicr... 

(iiomolf,  Niroli 

(ironioll',  Oulona Will' 

Seiiick,  Eliz.ibotli Orphan  ... 

GalnktioiK'tt,  Alex 

(JalaktioiPtl,  Martha :  Wife 

Ynt/.nianoll',  Aiixeiiia Orphan  ... 

Hanneii,  Alex 

Korhiiotfii,  lolin 

ICochooti'ii,  Daria Motlier  . . . 

Kochoolen,  Kllen Siater 

Koi'liooli'n,  Zimovia ' do    . .. 

HabiTiill',  Taul 

Ilabcrotr,  Agrifcna 

Kochooten,  Enplienio 

Kochooten,  Pelogia Wife 

KochootMi,  Trepan I  Nephew  .. 

Kochooten,  Jacob ' 

Kochooten,  Ferronia i  Wife 

Kochooten,  Uleta 1  Dauuhtur . 

Kochooten,  Ellon do 

Kuebooteu,  Theodore Son 


A  lie. 
Mall'.      I'iMiiale. 


41 


LI 


41 


8 

9 

2,1 


18 
4» 


27 


2:) 


an 


1'." 


lU 


a4 


3U 


20 
2 


2;t 

2 


20 
06 


17 


4:t 

21 
20 


53 


44 


40 
20 
10 


ALASKA    I.\l)|-S'll;lK,S. 


439 


<  iniiiH  nf  till  Siiil  lilitiiilii  III  ■linir  .:<),  /.sfl.; — CoiiliiHUiil. 


Nniii)'. 


K<  lalioliKliip. 


Malit.       l-'fiiial«- 


i'i 
io 

31} 


•20 
2 


23 
•2 


20 
UO 


34 
17 


43 
21 
26 

"b3 

44 


40 
20 
10 


ITi.  I,ci(luHliiiikiiir.  Niilnlir ..    St<')iilftnKlit<'r. 

Koi'liiHitMt,  Ijiriuii Son 

/iK'liarDir,  Kiiiaiiiirl (Ii'|ililiu 

111.  Koziroir.  SlKpaii 

Ko/iTiiir  AiiiiHtaHia WilV 

K<i/,i  lull.  Vanriiilly Sdii 

Ko/i  rnir,  Siic'iiiliili'ii IIhiii:IiIi'I' 

Nd/jkofl.  Siiiicnii SlfpNon 

17    Kiiikoll.  Niciill 

Kiiildill.i'alliarini' Wllr 

Kriiki>ir,  M.  liHlaii Sun 

KiiiUi.ll,  ((UHtxiilii HanKlili-r 

i. .  KriikoH,  Miixiiii 

Kriikoll,  I'l  «)li»lii Will. 

KnikiHI, .liiliii Siiii 

Knikoil,  1,'nnilriil do 

I"    KiihIiIii,  Au'uio 

KiimIiIii  Maiy WIIV 

KiiHliiir,  I.iikorii I)iin;ilili'r 

KiiHliiii   Mirliai''   Son 

Kusliiri,  Ni<H|or (iiniiilHon 

-II.  Mamlii 'Kill,  Nroii 

Mancln'k'iii.  Maiy WilV 

l>o .' Dimnhlfr 

M anil M<:: ill.  /iiyii ilo 

Maii(lrri;iii,  liiimkniily Son 

•:l.  Mrniilill,  Alix 

2.;,  Mclmiiliiv.  Anion 

Mi'lrvi'(|i>\ .  AliMiiiiIra l)Mnuliii'i' 

Mi'li'viiliiv,  Oluii ilii 

Nfil.Mil..v,  Mary ilo 

Ml  li  will,    .  Ali\'aiiilru Mullicr 

2:1.  Mi,|..vr.|..v   .\\i-\ 

Mili'Viiiiiv  Saliiini) 1  WIfo 

21.   MoloviMJiiv,  Kliiii'oM 

MijiMilm,  .Mixiiiiililn Wife 

Mi'lijMijov,  MartMrlU .' Diiiicliii  r 

2.'i.  Ncilaiii/ort',  Sli|iaii 

Ni'ilnia/iill,  Ali'xanilrin Wile 

Ni'ilnia/iill,  Mm  s    Nleco 

lloiHiir,  N'ikiia  . .' i  orplian 

2fi.   N,.i1iir;,z(,ir,  Mai  1  ill 

Ni'iliiraz.illC'allmrliK! Wifo 

Slialii-,  M ary I  StnpilaiiKliti'i' . 

Slinno,  I'liMcoviii Orplinn 

27.  (dislrt'i',,  IVior    

OiiHli'tiill,  I'aniHcovIa WilV 

(liiHleKull.  SInpaiiila Motliir 

(hiHti'iJiiir  Ni  il Son 

SliainnlkiiM,  (iiiir){i' (Irplnin 

'-•'*.   riiiikiill',  railiii 

I'aiikolf.  •  IIl'u Wifu 

I'liiikoll,  Vl/isiu Son    

I'liukoir,  \  iiro.ini DniiKlitii' 

2!t.  I'liraiicliiii,  Daiilij 

I'aiaiii'liin,  .\  joxandilii 1  Wile 

;:».  SliahiilUi.il',  i'niildiiv.) 

"I.  Sliaimiikiill.  \  alrrian 

:i2.  Smlli  k.  I  licii.loi o 

Sf.l  ick ,  M  a  I  Ilia Wil'o 

Si'iliik,  AiiaHtiiHiit Uiui^litiT 

Siilirk.  Mary do , 

Si'diik,  ViiH^iTila d 

Si'dlik,  Mationa .    do 

Srdiidi,  Inni.kiiity Son 

3  i.  Sndii'k.  I'll  Hip  

"I.  Sliaboliii,  Ni'con 

Slialioliii,  AKriii'iiii DaiiKlitcr 

Slialiolln,  Fa(;ia Wilo 

•I'.  Sculiiloi',  ViiMHlly 

Sim'.iiIco.  ICIi/.alM'tli Will- 

.Si'diili'i'.  Vi<ia l)aii;;liter 

M<i/i'i'kaii.  Mary Oiplian  . 

M('7.i'i;kHii.  I  vnii Son  ofMarj  - 

30.  Sli'pitin,  i;iarv 

Sli'pitlii,  .\iiiiii \ru'« 

Sdpillii.  Oiiliami Dmujliter 

Sli^jii'liii,  I 'aria do 

37.  SUpuliu.  iJttioiuy 


14 


■III 
13 
42 


IH 
44 


14 

3 
411 


10 
<(ll 
37 


3 
Itf 

3!l 


211 

'211 


3U 


12 

32 


10 
II) 

2H 


43 

3 


7 


Ill" 


.14 
13 


2(1 


41) 

K 
li 
3 


II 
21 


53 
11 

2U 


24 

li 


a  Months 


4-40 


ALASKA    INDUftTfUES. 

CenttUH  (if  Ihi  Sial  hlninl/i  to  .tiiiif  .10,  /.s'.'*.7— Coiitlnuod. 


Nuiiii'. 


Ki'latii>iiHl!!|i. 


37.  SU^potiii,  ViMdii Wlfr 

Sli'|i«tiii.  \  ,i>»ily      Sun 

ng.  'IcrriikaiKiir,  Kcrrirli i 

Trrrakiiimir.  Aiiiiii Wll'r 

Slmiii',  Kli'iary i  Orpliiiii 

Nailura/otl.  Auiilliia do  .. 

Nailnia/.iilV.  Ali'xia <lii  .. 

Nailara/(iir,  M.iiia Ililaiil .. 

39.  TilnlV,  I'l-I  cr 

I.toll,  M:iiy '  WIfii.... 

Trtoll'.  .Mrx'aiiilff Sliier... 

40.  Ill  ■ill  .N  Kill 

iViiill.  Auiifiniii I  \Vlf«.... 

Tctiiir.  /ill  liar Ilriitliui' 

I'lliill' .SImcciii Son 

41 .  \  oik.iir.  M arkil 

Viilkiitl,  A Irxiiii.lrla Wlff . . . . 

Vi.lkdir.  Mllcii  SlHl^r  .. 

Kii.sliin.  Mimra Orplinii  . 

Mrr.iillir  .Iiiliii .   (Ill    . 

Vcilkiiil.  Tcniii Son 

43.  Kuulit'ii^iu. (jeui'ifc 


W'idiurg  ami  vrphatm. 


Il.ilnkfiliin,  Mftlrnnd ' 

llalakRhin.  .VLTili'iiia Oi|iliaii  ... 

,Slia|i.'i.HHli,iikiiir.  l'aiaMi'ii\ia i (In 

ICi<iika\  isliiiikiilV 1 ill) 

l!i'lla«laznll,  Klli'ii ■ 

'r<irrakaii(ill.  Mary Orplmii  ... 

KnslM'iinikiill',  .\<Hliln 

KinlK'niiikiilV,  I'aiil Son 

.Mcrrnliir  .Marl in Orphan  ... 

Knikoir,  Anna 

Knikdll'.  NHlalic 

Kriikoll.  .1  (ihn  N Son 

KozliilV.  I'araHi'iivia 

Kii/l(iH.  Mirhai'l Son 

Kii/ldV,  N  iioli (Ill  . . . . 

SiTikinkoll,  Olya 

.Siickiiikoir,  Iti'|M<'iiiii< .Sm 

Popoir.  .\v(lolia 

I'djiDir.  Kvi  iminia l)aiii;liU'i  . 

ItaiakHliin,  .Vnii.'i do 

I'cnHliinkol)',  X'asHilira 

ro|iotl.  AlanaKia 

Slnilyai;in,  Daria (Irplian  ... 

l;(Miko\  iHlinikiil).  .\nniHsii   

Kook(ivislinikol)',  .\nna ,   Dniii'liler. 

ItookoviHiinlkoll.  I'aiamovia ilo 

llczanzoir  ,\niia 

SlinUaain.  rirta 

Tnloir,  T'l'diiHia 

Toloir.  Iroiid 

'I'cldli;  Solia 

'I'ciTaulDvn,  .\nna 

'rcrranlova.  .\iina Dan^lilrr  . 

I'rokapirl',  .Vnxcnia 

Mcriiiliir,  I'anl Orpliaii ... 


Female  orphan  childrcit  lU  school  at  ['nalaiika. 


Agn. 
Malt-       ri'inali'. 


II  a 
41 


2:> 


It 

a  1 

M 


II 

nil 

1& 


13 


II 
13 


U 


alu 


Ago. 

Slmlyacin.  I'ara.<iciiviii !'.> 

Sliopo.shnikolV.  Tat  iana 'JO 

Sixlick.  .Vvilola lil 

Kinkoll.  I.nkoiia 19 

Koziiitzkiill'.  Agaliu Hi 


V!tl 


34 
17 


IM 


3U 
U 


45 
10 


18 
31 


•2H 
43 


30 


3.'i 

3 

II 

35 

4!' 

14 

L'U 

10 

5 

01 

•2H 

37 

U 

7 

76 
42 
27 


Ag.' 


Kiatis,  Kllon lo 

Moiciiliir,  I.iilioir IK 

(iianolV.  Anasta»ia 10 

SImtyagIn 13 

ZacUurol]',  Xeodusia IS 


i 


:i 
II 
;i5 
4;i 
u 
■Jtt 
1(1 

6 

01 

211 

;t7 

M 

7 

75 

12 


Hi 
IK 
Hi 
11! 
15 


No. 


H 
II 
10 
II 

I'.' 

i:i 
II 

ifi 

HI 
l7 
IH 

I'.l 
■Jd 
•J  I 


'.'.'I 
21 

2:> 

211 
27 


2» 

Mil 

:il 
:ri 
:i:i 


n:. 

M 

117 

.■w 
;i!i 

411 
41 
42 
4:1 
It 

ir. 
411 
47 

4H 
411 

r.i 


fit 

5r> 

5'1 
.'.7 
.18 
DO 
6U 
(11 
112 

«:! 

G4 

«.■> 
(ill 
07 
08 
00 


AL.\8KA    INDUSTRIES. 

I'riiHin  0/  St.  'i'(i)(v/(  Inland,  AUitika,  hiiir  "n,  ISO.I. 

Nrtiiir.  Sex.     A^t'. 


411 


tiRliiiiln.  Okiilinii I'. 

(illlMIIIII.  KmiII M, 

(ii.iakiiir,  <'iiiiinl M. 

liiiiiikiill,  r.iihaiiiiK K. 

lialiiiiiii,  I'lirliri     M. 

lial.'iiiiti.  .Vlt-MiiMli-r M. 

Kiilikiiluil,  I'.vjiii M. 

Kiilikiiliill.  r.arliam  I''. 

1.1  kaiiiirl.  .SI  1  pan M 

r-.'kaiinll    IVIci-iii ...  P. 

l.ikaiMill   .\iial"li M. 

l.ikiiniilV  SiTjiiu  > M. 

1,1^1  ink  nil    III  iPMirl M. 

1.1  siiiik..ll    Anna I'". 

Men  nil. n    M ,.ik .M 

l.iKU'iikiiir  111  V.  Iiinnkniilv M 

l.rMliMikiili   Kli/.aliilli  . ..   ." K 

LfHti-iikiilt   II I- it'll  1 F. 

I.isiiiikiill  Maiv !•'■ 

l.iHliiikiiil   .Miiliiii-1 M. 

i.....|  iiikiill,  Saiali F. 

.Mala\api.sl..v  Niunll M. 

Mulavaii'>ky,  Kcii^Piiiia    F. 

Mala\  aii>k_* ,  W'MH.sa  1''. 

Mala\HiiMk\    ^Irpiiii'ila ..■  F. 

MalavaimkN    I'i'icT M. 

.MiT.  iil„|l,  /;vaii  M . 

Mi'irnliiir  W  aNBli  «n 1''. 


MrTioliiir 

Mi'lrlllnll' 

MiiniiliiM 
Mi'irllliill 
.MiTCIllntl 


Ali>\anilia I''. 


Ni.iili. 


M 


IMiiia K. 


:<4      Mi'iriiliill 


■IlWCpll.. 

l''i'vrmiia. 


Mori' 

MlMC 
MiTI 
MiTi 
\r.W 
.Vi'il, 
Ni'ili' 
\.m1i 
\.il< 
(lu-l 

(iM-il 

(Inst 
lliist 
(lii-t 


nintr  ('iporiir.... 
iiliill,  Slrpiiii-ila. 
Illnll  lli'lllh.i... 
iiliill  .li'lin 

.\lkrlllv. 

I:mi;i  Hill. 

.Maliiiia  . 

Nirnli. 


i.i/.ill 
ra/iill 
riiziitl 
ra/iill 
lazuli, 


M. 

!•'. 

M. 
K. 
V. 
M. 
M. 
F. 
F. 
M. 


Lsailiir 1  M. 

Kiill,  Alalia !  M. 

liotr,  M.'irllia '  F. 

irnti'.    Ml'XalHll'a    I*'. 

tjnll    M  icliarl  M . 

r;;iiir.  Siimiiii  iM. 


I'liiliniiiiiiilV,  Anilriaii 

PliiliniMtnill'.  I'aiasi  o'.  la . . 

I'll iliniiini ill.  I'di't'la  

I'liiliniiiiKilV,  Siiurii:i    

I'liiilniiiiiiill.  A  ml  run  ii' 

Pliiliinuniitl.  '/.v'.iu\  t;i 

I'liilinniiiiill',  .Mariini 

I'liiliniiiniill,  Marv 

I'liilinniniilV,  Kiitl'. 

riiilinidniill',  Olc'ta   

IMiilininniiir.  ( J  r.-^iiiry 

I'lnlinHinolV,  Kiit;t'nia  

I'hilii.iiiiHill.  Diiiiflii 

()iiHli'(.'i)ir.  Kpnixia... 

(lnnti'(;oir,  Susanna I 

I'liiliinininir,  .Simeon  . .   j 

IMiiliiminiill.  ICviliikia ! 

PlMlimiiii'ilV,  innokontv 

I'liiliiiiiiniifr  Fi'iliisia  .'. ' 

IMiilimiiniitr,  Zola 

I'roknpdtr,  I'lli'i- 


M. 
F. 
F. 
M. 
M. 
]•'. 
F. 
F. 
M. 
F. 
M. 
.F. 
iM. 
F. 
I''. 
M. 
F. 
M. 
F. 
F. 
M. 


711     Tnikopoll'.  Anlanasiu M. 

71      Uu/aii/.ull,  i'Vilo-sia F. 

(/  -MuntliM. 


KrniarkN. 


;m  W  i.li.w. 

11  Sun. 

Mil  llii^lianii. 

:m  Will.. 

I'.l  llriilliir  in  law. 

7  Ail.ipti.l 

17  MnKlnnil. 

4H  WIIV. 

24  llimlianil. 

21  Willi. 

;i  .Si. 11. 

1  III). 

:iO  Wiiliiwcr.    Clilfr. 

0  lliiiiiililer.     * 

7  Aii.ipliil. 

(i:i  Kiisii.iml      IS'ii.Ht. 

.Ml  Wllr 

2(1  Daiitilili'i 

21  I".,. 

21  .Sim. 

17  llaiiuliU'i. 

2"  iiarlii'li.i,  ami  liiail  nl' 

r.iiiiilv. 

»:i  .SmtiT.  ■ 

IS  I  111. 

14  Mi'i'«. 

.'>  Ni'plinw. 

Ill  Sniiiil  WaAjilr^n  iiii'Xil 

anil  lit'.'iil  111'  .'aiiiilw 

41  .Mill  luT     III     Kvaii: 

\s  illilW  . 

I.')  .SiHieriil   Fvaii. 

12  Urol  lii'i  111'  Fvaii. 

11  Si>ii  I  111  Kvaii. 
0  I  III. 

21  Sun  III  Fevi  ■  ia  (mxtl 
anil  lii'ail  .<|  lanii  ', 

M  I  \\  iiliiw.  ami  iiiull.iT  111' 
.liKi'pli  I't  al. 

Ill  Unit  111  r  III  .liiKi'ph. 

10  SiHll'l-  111'  .TilM'pll. 
H  I  111. 

:i  Didllii'iiif  .Ii)»i'|.li. 

41  II  irslianil. 

■■»  Will, 

lit  Kaii'^liliT. 

\r<  Sun. 

2  liii. 
4.1  IliiOianil 
2:1  WilV 

I' J  DaiiHliliT. 

8  .N'l.phi'H. 

■-'9  ri.nlii'liir.  kci'pMliiHUii 

aliini'. 

•Ji'i  llnsl.iiiiil. 

2.1  Will.. 

.1  llan^lili'i". 

2  Sun. 

20  KuhImiihI. 

27  WilV. 

Ii  l)auj;lili.r. 

I  II. i 

'il  llnHlianil. 

:;i  Will.. 

21)  Son. 

r.i  DfiML'liti'i'. 

7  Srn 

IM  Sti  ■piiaii^.'lilt'r. 

0  Do. 

43  Ihislianil. 

2(1  Will'. 

IH  S.in. 

12  llaiiKlitiT. 

1      n,.. 

28  Wiiiowi'v,  anil  la  ail  of 

l'anii!\'. 

15  I'riitlifii  111'  IVtiT. 

411  Willow,  ami  iniitlM.T  in- 
law of  J'cli  r. 


442  AF,A"^KA    INDl'STUir.K. 

t'liimis  of  St,  iirtirgr  hlmiil,  .llimhii,  .hine.ln,  /,9.''..'— ('out  iiiiii'd. 


Niimi'. 


7^  Ui'/iiii/.oll,  liiiiiiki'iity M 

":i  Ili/Hii/nH,  S^rrlViiin." I'. 

74  Iti'7.iin»iill',  I'l'loi' M. 

7.'!  Ktvaii/.nll  Miilroiiii 1'. 

7tl  l(f/.iiii/"ir,  I'litlaiia I '• 

77  Sliaiir,  Uaiisii K 

7H  Sliiihc.  Oli'lii K 

7lt  Shaiif,  Mil  liiirl M. 

XU  Mllclllnir.  Sl"lillll ^  M 

HI  .MciTiiliill,  Nmli'Milft I 

HJ  Swc'l/iitl,  I'.UHliii M. 

8;i  Snct/nirCliriKlliiiia V. 

HI  Swil  /.III .  1 ;  ii'^jinv M . 

H.'i  Shi  l/ull,  I'dlcxhiiiv I'. 

H(l  S»«>l/iitr,  I'Vv  iiiiiiik I''. 

H7  SWi't/.ull,  \\w\ M 


Aur 


IiI-IIKII'Uh. 


i:i 

S>l(  ot  1- I'dii^iii. 

ti 

ItniliililiiDuliii'i 

lloMill. 

Ill  1 

r.i 

Iliiiliiinil. 

Wilr. 

Diiiii^iilir. 

41 

■.'I 

Will<>^^. 
D.iiiUlili'i' 

II 

:i 

Sum. 

\ili>pli'i! 

M 

1)11. 

Vi 

lliiMlmtiil. 

:iil 

wiu.. 

7 

Sun. 

ill 

Wlili.w. 

1 

DiiiikIiIi'I' 

.-ion. 

I  roitiCy  tliiit  ilin  I'liiv^itiii);  is  cointrf. 


K.  r.  IIai.i., 

Iii'mliint  I'nitiil  staliH  Ti'ianiirii  .liimt. 


Exiiiitri'  M. 

St.  I'All.  IM.ANI'.  .luyiiHl  M,  rs;>.l. 
SiH!  In  tlio  iiinttpr  of  willows'  roal  siijiply  now  lii'iny;  rniniNlicil   hy  tlm  <  invrni- 

inmit  (iiH  I  inidorHtaiiil  liy  tli(>ir  onlrr),  I  rcspi'i  tt'iilly  nj^ri'i'  and  lilml  tl iiiiiaiiy  to 

rrinilmrsr   tlii'  (iovfiiiiiii'iit  I'of  siicli  ill.stiiliiition   noxt    yrar,  hIkulM   tin-  Si<rii'lar\ 
ilrridi'  tliu  coliiiiaiiy  to  lir  liulilo  lor  Mann;  iimli  r  tlirir  Icaso  willi  tin'  Uiiilud  Stalin. 
I  am.  ru»i|it'(:trillly, 

(;i:()I!i;k  1{.  'I'l.siii.K, 
Siiiieihilmitviil  \(iilli  .\iinii<aH  <  iiiiiiiierriiil  C'lim/xnii/. 
lion.  .1.   II.  (Juowi.r.Y, 

I'tiiliit  SttilfK  Trid'nirij  .lijinl. 


TuK.vsriiv  Df.i'aiitmkxt, 

ll'iishiiifitoii,  !>.('..  SipUmlicr  ..'S,  Ifl^.l. 
Sin:  I'ind  inclosed  roooiptH  Kliowini;  llw  nninlirr  nl'  soal  skiii.s  t.ikrii  iVoni  IIiokomI 
i.sland.s  liy  the  lessors  for  the  your  lMt3,  as  rouiitid   oy  AkcuIs  Adams  ami  li.ill,  in 
chaiffo  on  the  islands. 

RcspoctfuUy  siil)mitti'd. 

.lus.   li.  CiiDWi.r.Y, 

Sjiivial  'iniitiirfi  Aijinl, 

lion.    SKCUKTAItY     I'ltKA.SI-KY, 

It'd!  Ill  lit/Ion,  P.  ('. 


I,si.AM>  or  St.   \'a.v\.,  Augmt  QI,  ISOn. 
This  is  to  rertify  lli.it  5,118  fiir-soal  akins  have  this  day  heen  .slupiied  on  hoard  Ihc 
North  Ameriraii   Commercial   CoTii|)any's  steamer    i'drnlhni,   .1.   F.  Drisko,   master, 
c.onsi(j;uod  to  tlie  North  American  Commercial  C.'i)iii])any ,  San  Fram  isco. 

Tuo.MAs  i:.  Ad.vms, 

.isniiiUtHt  Treaiiiri)  Jiieiil. 


Island  i>i    St.  (ii!OKi;i;,  Jiujunt  /.'O,  /a.9.;. 

This  is  to  certify  that  2,007  fiir-.seal  skins  have  this  day  lieeii  Hhii>ped  on  h<.>,ird  U^ 
North  Amorican   Cominenial  Ci)iM])any's  steamer   I'anilloii,   ,1.   F.    L>iii*ik«L,    nm 
eon.>tij{n*tl  to  the  North  American  Conimercial  Company,  Sau  FruH-  semn.  C3*l. 

!->«<»  T    Hah.. 


Af.AMKA    INDUHIUIKS. 


443 


OKPH  K   (»1     Sl'K,(MAt,    A(ii;N'r,   THKASTIRY    DKI'AWTMKNT, 

Aiiipixt  in,  ls<j:;. 

Sii{:  VN'r,  tin-  iiii(l«irHiKiH'(l  'I'lrusury  ajjciitH,  liiivc  llm  lioiior  of  sub- 
iniltiii^^  In  yon  a  (iiicstioii  ol'vital  iiMp<H  taiico  to  soiih>  of  tlic  most  worthy 
liativt's  of  tlir  seal  islands,  and  of  iccoinnicndin;;  llic  adoption,  i»y  Ww 
I  >c|iai'tni('Mt,  of  tlic  rnlin^  wt-  have  already  ;;iv»'n  in  tli»^  prcniisj's. 

Conijit'ss  having  appropriated  Al!l,r)(Hl  Inr  the  support  of  the  natives 
of  tin*  seal  isliuids,  tlic  <|iii>stion  has  arisen :  Sliall  a  (tro  rata  shaie  of 
t  he  appropriation  lie  t^xpiMided  for  those  natives  wlio  have  money  saved 
l>y  e<(tnoiny  from  the  earninfis  of  yeais  past  .' 

Af;cnts  in  charge  of  Die  islands,  at  d liferent  limes,  iiave  held  contrary 
o|)inionson  the  sMbJecl,  one  man  insisting;  that  the  nativt^  must  exhaust 
his  last  dollar  ami  become  a  pauper,  absolutely,  before  (lovernincnt 
aid  should  be  (jiveii  him,  while  otheis  htdd  that  it  wuiild  be  both  unjust 
and  impolitic  to  lirinj;  the  thrifty  and  saving'  to  the  deffrailiii>;  level  of 
the  pauper. 

Our  own  opinion  is  that  all  sealers  should  be  treated  as  e<|uals  in  tin* 
distribution  of  the  necessaries  of  life  l)y  the  (lovernment.  and  that  \\w 
few  who  have  had  the  forethou};ht  to  savti  a  little  money  should  b«'. 
illowcd  to  hold  and  hoard  it  for  future  emerjicnoies. 

Under  existiiiji  rulings  the  nalive  men  {;uard  the  rookeries,  build  and 
repair  roads,  and  do  all  the  work  thatisdonc  Ibr  the  comfort  and  clean- 
liness (d' the  whole  community. 

Were  we  to  refuse  rations  to  those  who  can  atl'ord  to  purchase  them 
it  would  hardly  be  fair  to  compel  them  to  work  on  the  road,  and  were 
we  to  permit  idleness  on  their  part,  we  could  hardly  induce  the  pauper 
element  to  perforin  labor  witli  any  defjree  of  satishiction. 

A  temi)orary  luliii}^  iias  therefore  been  made  to  the  (ill'ect  that  (rov- 
ernment  aid  shall  be  {jiveii  to  all  alike,  and  we  very  respectfully  sulmiit 
the  matter  for  your  decision. 

.tosepii  h.  (juosvt.kv. 
Thos.  \\.  Adams. 

JOSKPH  MlRRAV. 
EN(JS  T.  J I  ALL. 

Hon.  donN  (1.  (!Ain.isr,E, 

Hecretary  of  (he  'rfcasnry. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


V. 


// 


{/ 


:/ 


1.0 


I.I 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


4is 


t/j 


Senate  Document  No.  137,  Pakt  I,  51tii  CoNiiur.ss,  1st  Session, 


REPORTS 


OP 


AGENTS,  OFFICERS,  AND  PERSONS,  ACTING  UNDER  THE  AUTHORITY 
OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  TREASURY, 


IN  RELATION  TO  THE 


CONDITION  OF  SEAL  LIFE  ON  THE  ROOKEIIIES 
OF  THE  PlillilLOF  ISLANDS. 


AND   TO 


PELAGIC  SEALING  IN  IIEHING  SEA  AND  THE  NOIITII  PACIFIC  OCEAN, 


TllJi:    YEAriS    1893-1895. 


Part  I. 

[Part  11  (Willi  maps  nnd  ilhistiatioiis)  coiitniiis  icsulls  nf  iiivcstiKaliiiiiB  under  the  direction  of  tlio 
IT.  S.  Coiniuissioner  of  Fisli  and  Fislieries. 


445 


CONDITION  OF  SEAL  LIFE  ON  THE  ROOKERIES  OF  THE 
PRIBILOF  ISLANDS,  1893-1895. 


The  Vice  rRESiDENT  presented  the  following 

LETTER  FROM  THE  ACTING  SECRET  ART  OF  THE  TREASURY, 
TRANSMITTING",  IN  RESPONSE  TO  A  RESOLUTION  OP  THE  SEN- 
ATE OP  FEBRUARY  17,  1896,  THE  REPORTS  MADE  BY  THE 
AGENTS,  OFFICERS,  OR  PERSONS  ACTING  UNDER  THE  AUTHOR- 
ITY OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY  IN  THE  YEARS 
1894  AND  1895,  IN  RELATION  TO  THE  CONDITION  OF  THE  FUR 
SEALS  ON  THE  PRIBILOF  ISLANDS,  OR  TO  THE  HUNTING  OP 
SUCH  ANIMALS  IN  BERING  SEA  OR  IN  THE  NORTH  PACIFIC 
OCEAN,  AND  THE  EFFECT  OP  SUCH  HUNTING  UPON  THE  PUR 
SEALS  THAT  RESORT  TO  THE  BERING  SEA. 


Fkuklaky  27,  1896.— EetciTcd  to  tlio  Coiniiiittce  ou  Foreign  KelatioiiB  and  ordoied 

to  bo  printed. 


Treasury  Department, 

Office  of  the  Secretary, 
Washington,  D.  C,  February  i.'fj,  1896. 
Sib:  I  Irave  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  a  reHoliition  of 
the  Henat«',  dated  the  17tli  instant,  wherein  1  am  directed  to  furnish 
copicH  of  the  reports  made  by  the  agents,  officers,  or  persons  acting 
under  the  anthority  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  in  the  years  181»4 
and  IH'J.'j,  in  relation  to  the  condition  of  the  fur  seals  on  the  Pribilof 
Islands,  or  to  the  hunting  of  such  animals  in  Bering  Sea  or  in  the  Xorth 
Pa<;ific  Ocean,  and  the  effect  of  such  hunting  upon  the  fur  seals  thai 
resort  to  iJering  Sea,  and,  in  reply,  to  state  that  the  ])reparati()n  of 
the  copies  of  such  papers  will  involve  great  labor,  and  require  con- 
siderable time,  (/wing  to  tlie  voluminous  character  of  the  document.s. 
J  tliereforc  transmit  the  originals,  with  the  request  that  they  be  re- 
tuinwl  t<)  the  flies  of  the  J^epartnieut  without  mutilation  in  case  the 
Henate  should  order  them  printed. 

Kespectfnlly,  yours,  S.  WiKi;, 

Aetiny  Hecretary. 

The  I're.sident  of  the  Senate. 

447 


CONDITION  OF  THE  FUR  SEALS  OF  THE  PlIIBILOF  ISLANDS. 


Tkeasuuy  Department, 
Office  of  the  :Se(!retaby, 

Washinf/toH,  D.  C,  March  1,  1895. 

SiE:  Af'reeably  to  your  directious  contiiiuecl  in  Departuient  letter, 
June  9,  18l»4,  liereto  anuoxed,  1  left  Victoria,  British  Columbia,  July  23 
last  on  the  United  States  revenue  steamer  A*»s/(  for  the  I'ribilof  Islands 
in  Jiering  Sea  and  other  points  in  the  Territory  of  Alaska.  I  was 
acconii)anied  by  Mr.  Joseph  Murray,  iuspecior  of  salmon  fisheries,  and 
Mr.  John  W.  McGrath,  secretary  and  stenographer. 

1  now  have  the  honor  to  transmit  a  rei)ort,  tojjether  with  re])ort8  of 
Mr.  Murray  and  other  oflicial  documents,  bearing  upon  the  subject. 

Our  itinerary  was  as  follows; 

July  23,  sailed  from  Victoria,  British  Columbia;  July  31,  arrived  at 
Unalaska;  August  1,  at  Unalaska;  August  3  to  8,  St.  Paul  Island 
(Pril)ilof);  August  8,  St.  George  Island;  August  9,  Unalaska;  August 
ll,Akutan;  August  12,  Belkofski ;  August  13,  Sand  Point;  August  14, 
Unga;  August  16,  17,  Karluk  (Kadiak  Island);  August  18,  St.  Paul 
Island;  August  21,  Yakutat  Bay;  August  25,  Sitka;  August  26,  27, 
Juneau;  August  28,  Wrangell;  August  29,  Kasan,  Loring,  and  Metlak- 
hatla ;  August  30,  Fort  Simpson ;  September  3,  Nanaimo  and  Vancouver. 

The  area  of  Alaska  Territory  has  been  estimated  at  531,000  square 
mil'is — almost  one-sixth  of  the  total  area  of  the  United  States.  The 
population,  according  to  the  Eleventh  Census,  is  32,052;  of  which  total 
4,298  are  whites,  2,288  Mongolians,  23,531  Indians,  and  1,823  mixed. 

The  length  of  the  coast  line  of  Alaska,  including  the  mainland  and 
islands,  is  26,364  miles,  as  compared  with  3,690  for  the  Pacific  Coast, 
2,043  miles  for  the  Atlantic  Coast,  and  1,810  miles  for  the  Gulf  Coast, 
including  all  islands. 

Some  conception  of  the  distances  between  the  various  points  in  the 
Territory  may  be  obtained  from  the  following  table: 

statute 
milea. 
From  United  States  boundary  on  Portland  Canal,  Alaska,  west  to  the  island 

of  Attn,  approximately 2,  37* 

From  Sitka,  Alaska,  to  the  Pribilof  Islands  (seal  islands)  as  a  vessel  sails l,5fJ5 

From  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  to  Unalaska 1,919 

From  Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  to  the  Pribilof  Islands 2, 189 

From  San  Franciseo  to  Unalaska 2,374 

From  Han  Francisco  to  Pribilof  Islands 2,  614 

From  San  Francisco  to  island  of  Attn 3,  282 

From  San  Francisco  due  west  to  meridian  of  Attn 3,  ,513 

From  San  Francisco  due  oast  to  Washington 2, 456 

Between  the  Pribilof  Islands  and  the  city  of  Washington  there  is  a 
difference  of  time  of  six  and  on*  fourtii  hours;  between  the  Pribilof 
Islands  and  San  Francesco,  three  hours, 

448 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


44f) 


Tlie  report  of  Jiispector  Murray,  hereto  iiiiiiexert,  and  tlie  other  docu- 
ments made  a  part  of  this  report  so  completely  set  forth  the  jireseiit 
condition  and  needs  of  the  Territory  of  Alaska,  as  well  as  its  past  his- 
tory, that  little  more  is  left  to  me  than  generalization. 

The  subject  matter  naturally  divides  itself  into  several  liroad  groups, 
viz:  (1)  The  fur  seal,  (2)  the  salmon  fisheries,  (.'^)  other  fur-bearing  ani- 
mals, (i)  the  land  qvistion,  (3)  the  lii|Uor  question,  ((!)  the  Indians. 

1  shall  briefly  consider  these  (juestions  in  order.  It  will  bo  aiiparent 
that  many  details  do  not  fall  within  the  Jurisdiction  of  the  Treasiiry 
Department;  nevertheless  I  deem  it  expedient  to  state  what  I  saw  and 
certain  general  conclusions  thereon. 

1.  THE  FUR  SEAL  OF  ALASKA. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  dwell,  except  very  briefly,  upon  the  history  of 
the  Pribilof  Islands,  one  of  the  breeding  places  of  the  northern  fur 
seal.  Discovered  about  1787  by  Eussians,  they  remained  in  the  jios- 
session  of  llussia  until  ceded  to  the  United  States  in  18(»7.  From 
1787  to  1805  there  were  a  number  of  Hussian  companies  on  the  islands, 
and  the  seals  were  ruthlessly  slaughtered  without  regard  to  age  or  sex. 
In  180(5  and  1807  killing  was  suspended  and  most  of  the  Indians 
engaged  in  the  killing  were  sent  back  to  Unalaska,  wlience  they  were 
originally  procured.  From  1808  to  1834  killing  was  resumed  with  lit- 
tle care  for  the  preservation  of  the  herd.  By  18114  the  herd  was  threat- 
ened with  extermination,  and  killing,  except  a  limited  number  for  food, 
was  prohibited  until  1841.  In  18i55  the  principle  of  killing  only  male 
seals  was  adopted,  and  from  that  time  on  the  herd  was  wat(;hed  so 
carefully  that  in  1867,  at  the  cession  of  Alaska,  about  r),0()0,000  seals 
were  on  the  islands,  as  many,  as  far  as  all  evidence  goes,  as  were  there 
in  1787. 

From  the  cession  until  1871  the  seal  islands  were  free  to  all,  and  as  a 
result  over  250,000  seals  were  taken  in  one  season.  After  1870,  how- 
ever, the  catch  was  strictly  regulated  and  the  monoiioly  of  killing  seals 
was  leased  to  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company  for  twenty  years.  At 
the  expiration  of  this  lease  a  new  lease  was  made  to  the  North  American 
Commercial  Company,  which  has  not  yet  expired. 

From  1870  to  1880  about  100,000  male  seals  were  taken  on  the  islands 
aiiuually,  without  in  any  appreciable  degree  aftecting  the  size  of  the 
herd.  From  1886  on,  however,  causes  were  at  work  which  soon  became 
manifest  in  a  rapid  falling  oft' of  the  seal  herd,  until  in  18!)0  only  about 
25,000  could  be  taken  on  the  islands  as  against  over  100,000  in  1889. 

The  following  table  shows  the  total  number  of  seals  killed  on  the 
Pribilof  Islanda  from  1870  to  1894,  inclusive: 

Orand  total  of  seals  killed  for  all  purposes  on  the  Fribilof  Islands  from  1870  to  1894, 

inolusive. 


Year. 

Number. 

Ycnr. 

Number. 

Year. 

Number. 

1870                  .... 

1 

23,773 

102, 060 

108,819 

100, 177 

110.  585 

IOC,  4U0 

94, 057 

84,310 

109,328 

1879      

110,  .511  ' 
10.5,718 
105,  (Ki:! 
90,  812  ' 
70, 500 
105,  434 
105,  024 
104, 521 
105,  780 

1888          ... 

103, 304 
102,017 

1871    

18S0 

1880 

1872    

1881 

1890 

25, 701 

1873      

1882 

1891 

1892 

14,  40(i 

1874    

1883 

7,  .509 

1876 

1884 

1893 

7,390 

1876    

1885 

1894 

15,  03.1 

1877 

1880       ..             

Total 

1878 

1887 

2, 047,  374 

H. 

Doc.  92 

-29 

150 


ALASKA    INDUSTHIRS. 


The  canso  of  the  decrease,  in  iiuiiiber  found  on  the  islands  is  now 
iiniversiilly  admitted  to  be  liie  killinj?  of  fenial(>-  scnls.  As  no  female 
seals  ii.ivt^  been  killed  on  the  islands  since  l.S.'M,  it  follows  that  the  fall- 
ing oil' is  caused  by  i)('la{;ie  sealing.  From  IHTo  (o  18S()  vessels  oeea- 
sionally  took  seals  at  sea,  but  the  nnniber  caught  was  insignilicant.  liy 
1880  the  vessels engajied  amounted  to  Hi;  in  188(),  the  licet  had  increased 
to  M,  and  for  tlie  llrst  time  entered  Bering  Hea  and  eoniineni  ed  taking 
seals.  The  snbseiiuent  history  is  well  known;  the  seizures  and  pro- 
tests llnaliy  culminated  in  the  treaty  with  (ii'cat  Britain,  the  I'aris 
Tribunal,  and  the  award  providing  regulations  under  which  pelagic 
sealing  is  now  carried  on. 

The  following  table  gives  the  number  of  seals  killed  at  sea  from  1808 
to  18i>4,  initlusive,  dividing  the  catch  into  localities,  as  far  as  possible; 
also  giving  the  number  of  vessels  emidoyed. 

The  tigurcs  prior  to  1891  contain  some  seals  killed  on  the  Asiatic 
coast,  it  is  not  possible  to  distinguish  such  seals,  however,  from  those 
Killed  on  the  eastern  side  of  Bering  iSea  and  the  Xorth  Pacific  Ocean, 
forming  part  of  the  Alaskan  or  American  herd. 

This  table  was  compiled  from  the  lignrcs  in  the  British  and  American 
cases  before  the  Paris  Tribunal  and  subseiiuent  corrections  taken  from 
oflicial  rex>orta  and  the  oiiic-ial  returns  of  tlie  London  trade  sales: 

Totals  by  localiliCH. 


From  the  above  it  will  be  seen  that  the  pelagic  catch  of  the  past  sea- 
son of  1894,  the  first  year  in  which  the  regulations  of  the  Paris  award 
were  a])plicable,  was  the  most  destructive  in  the  iiistory  of  pelagic  seal- 
ing, the  total  killed  reiU'hing55,C8G,  and,  including  uudeterinined  skins, 
62,52li,  as  against  only  15,033  killed  on  the  islands. 

From  1880  to  1894  the  pelagic  catch  increased  from  8,910  to  5r),08(J,  or 
624  i^er  cent,  while  the  Tribilof  Island  catch  decreased  from  105,718  to 
15,033,  or  80  per  cent. 


AliASKA    INDUSTUIES. 


451 


Wlioii  it  is  lomcinbcnMl  tliat  the  evidence  hIiows  that  about  three- 
quartcis  of  tlie  seals  kilh'd  at  sea  are  feiiialos,  it  is  easy  to  lUKlcrstand 
the  inevitable  fallinjj;  oil'  in  liie  lierd. 

Our  aycnls  leixtrt  a  deeieas(!  in  the  seal  liord  of  at  least  one-half  since 
1S!)0,  and  it  is  apparent  that  cuniniereial  extermination  is  near  at  hand 
unless  changes  in  the  regulations  of  tlio  Paris  award  are  speedily 
aj;reed  tf). 

It  will  he  remembered  that  from  June,  IS!)! ,  to  and  thronp;!!  the  season 
of  ]8!>,'{,  under  tiie  modus  vivendi  atfreed  upon  by  the  United  States 
ainl<;reat  Mritain,  all  sealing  in  Bering  Sea  was  prohibited  pending 
the  I'aris  award. 

Undoubtedly  this  gave  tlu;  seal  herd  great  relief  in  secnring  for  it 
immunity  while  on  its  breeding  grounds  and  in  tlie  sea  procuring  food 
for  the  young  pups.  The  snbse(|Uont  regulations  established  by  the 
Tads  award  also  helped  the  herd  by  closing  the  North  Pacilic  Ocean 
and  Uering  Sea  during  May,  -hme,  and  .Inly.  This  is  seen  at  once  in 
the  North  Pacific  catch,  'xcinsive  of  Bering  Sea,  w4iich  fell  oil'  from 
Hi,Vi'2  in  18!»2,  t<»  IM.IOI  in  is'lt  (the  falling  off  in  1893  to  28,Oi;5  is 
attributed  to  the  fact  that  the  ves-u  Is  largely  went  over  to  the  Asiatic 
shores).  This  good  effect  in  the  North  I'a(!ific  is  corroborated  by  the 
re])()rt  of  Mr.  C.  II.  Townsend,  of  the  United  States  Fish  Commission, 
now  on  tlie  Treasury  files. 

Tiie  regulations  of  the  award,  however,  failed  signally  when  applied 
to  Bering  Sea.  Althongh  the  herd  was  ])rotecced  in  the  North  Pacific 
in  May  and  .hme  (while  on  tiie  way  to  its  breeding  grounds),  and  in 
Bering  Sea  in  .Inly,  yet  it  is  safe  to  say  the  greater  part  of  the  ad- 
vantages derix'ed  from  the  regulations  was  lost  by  ])erinitLing  the  sealers 
to  kill  outside  of  the  G(  mile  zone  in  August  in  Bering  Sea.  The  old 
modus  vivendi  setting  i.part  IJering  Sea  as  a  breeding  ground  was 
thereby  done  away  with  and  the  sea  was  opened  to  pelagic  slaughter. 

The  fatal  results  were  (piiekly  to  be  seen.  In  the  past  season  only  37 
of  the  1)."»  vessels  employed  in  sealing  entered  Bering  Sea,  yet  in  five 
weeks  they  killed  31,5S.")  seals,  7,000  more  than  were  killed  by  95  ves- 
sels in  four  months  on  the  Ameritian  side  of  the  North  Pacific  Ocean, 
exclusive  of  Bering  Sea. 

As  a  result  of  this  slaughter,  largely  itonsisting  of  females,  in  Bering 
Sea,  our  agents  this  last  fall  counted  12,000  dead  pups  on  the  accessible 
portions  of  the  rookeries.  A  careful  tNstiiiiate  based  on  this  count  reaches 
L'0,000  as  a  total  of  pups  dying  of  starvation  on  the  islands,  their 
mothers  being  killed  at  sea. 

Such  slaughter  can  only  result  in  the  rapid  extermination  of  the  fur 
seal.  ICvery  effort  should  be  made  to  secure  modifications  of  the  Paris 
award  regulations.  1  f  such  niodillcatioTis  be  not  agreed  to,  the  fur  seal 
within  one  or  two  seasons  will  be  commercially  ext(Tmiuated. 

It  will  be  realized  how  valuable  a  source  of  revenue  the  Alaskan  seal 
herd  has  been  to  the  United  Stati'S  when  the  following  table  is  con- 
sidei'cd,  from  which  it  ajipears  that  the  total  receijits  from  the  Territory, 
of  whi«.j  all  but  an  infinitesimal  portion  were  derived  from  our  sealing 
interests  on  the  Pribilof  Islands,  since  1870,  amounted  to  !j(>,.') 73,403.08, 
while  the  total  expenditures  of  the  whole  Territory  of  Alaska  for  the 
same  period  iimounted  to  only  $1,120,021.50. 

To  prevent  speedy  extermination,  a  new  modus  vivendi  should  be 
agreed  ui)on  pending  a  careful  study  of  the  habits,  feeding  grounds, 
and  pres(  nt  condition  of  the  fur-seal  herd  by  a  commission  of  scientists, 
who  should  reconiiueiid  such  suitable  regulations  for  pelagic  sealing  as 
will  ward  oil  the  otherwise  inevitable  extermination.    Inasmuch  as  there 


452 


ALASKA    INIJUHTRIES. 


are  other  Governments  also  vitally  interested  in  this  queatiori,  notiilily 
Jaimii  and  Kussia,  we  should  invite  their  eooperation.  1  would  su^uest 
a  eominission  of  three  nicinbers  from  each  country  to  exaniiiui  and  rejiort 
upon  the  (luestions  involved,  and  that  pending  their  exiiniination  and 
reports  the  r<'Si»ective(loverninents  ajiree  to  prohibit  all  killin;;'  of  seals 
on  land  or  sea  (save  a  limited  amount  on  land  for  food  for  the  Indians), 
or,  failiufj  in  this,  tiiat  theexistin^j  ref^ulations  established  by  the  I'aris 
award  be  extended  to  embrace  the  whole  North  I'a(!itU!  Ocean,  from 
shore  to  shore,  with  tlie  aihlitional  provision  that  Heiing  Sea  be  abso- 
lutely closed  to  pelagic  sealing. 

In  the  investigation  made  by  said  commission,  the  methods  of  land 
killing,  as  well  as  pelagic  sealing,  should  be  studied.  It  may  bo  remem- 
bered that  Mr.  Henry  VV.  Hlliott,  formerly  United  States  special  iigeiit, 
in  his  report  of  1890,  claimed  that  the  methods  of  driving  the  seals  on 
land  were  injurious  to  the  herd.  In  this  concdusion  he  is  c(>rroborated 
by  Mr.  Townsend,  of  the  Fish  Commission,  whose  report  is  also  annexed. 
While  both  these  gentlemen  are  agreed  as  to  the  dire  results  in  the 
past  and  present  of  pelagic  sealing,  yet  the  fact  that  any  (juestion  is 
raised  by  them  as  to  the  propriety  of  existing  methods  (»f  land  killing 
should  be  sutlllcient  to  relegate  the  question  to  said  commission  for 
careful  iuvestigation. 

The  United  States  should  court  the  most  rigid  investigation  of  exist- 
ing methods  of  slaughter,  both  on  land  and  at  sea.  Out  of  such  investi- 
gation there  can  not  fail  to  come  results  benelicial  to  the  seal  herd  and 
the  valuable  property  interests  ol'  the  United  States  therein. 

SALMON  FISHERIES. 

Upon  careful  inspection  of  the  salmon-fishing  industry  at  Karluk,  on 
the  island  of  Kadiak,  the  principal  site  of  the  canning  industries  of 
Alaska,  and  of  many  other  canneries  scattered  over  the  Territory,  lam 
satisfied  that  the  salmon  are  ra])idly  decreasing  because  of  the  inces- 
sant and  indiscrindnate  fishing  and  the  illegal  use  of  weirs,  nets,  etc., 
thus  obstructing  the  streams.  By  means  of  these  obstructions  and  by 
continuous  fishing  in  the  streams  the  sup])ly  of  salmon  is  gradually 
being  exhausted.  The  result  will  be  that  the  Indians  will  be  reduced 
to  starvation,  as  they  are  dej)endent  up(m  the  river  catch  for  food. 

I  was  also  in  receipt  of  many  complaints  from  Indians  to  the  effect 
that  tlie  canners  refused  to  employ  them  in  the  canneries.  My  personal 
observation  was  that  the  greater  part  of  the  employees  engaged  in  the 
business,  at  least  as  regards  the  fishermen,  were  aliens — Italians  and 
others — and  that  of  the  workmen  engaged  in  preparing  and  canning  the 
salmon  a  large  proportion  were  Chinese.  This  matter,  however,  has 
been  carefully  gone  over  by  Inspector  Murray  in  his  report,  to  which  I 
invite  careful  attention. 

The  present  laws  relating  to  salmon  fishing  in  Alaska  are  inadequate 
and  should  be  at  once  made  more  stringent.  A  rigid  closed  season 
should  be  provided  and  additional  inspectors  appointed  to  enforce  the 
law.  Annexed  to  Mr.  Murray's  report  there  will  be  found  a  draft  of  a 
bill  contaiinng  such  changes  as  seem  expedient. 

The  canning  of  salmon  is  a  very  important  industry  in  Alaska;  it 
contributes  nothing,  however,  to  tlie  wealth  of  the  Territory,  and  I 
recommend  that  a  small  tax  be  imposed  upon  each  Ciise  of  salmon 
canned  in  the  Territory  as  a  rental  for  the  privilege  given  to  the  canners 
to  take  salmon;  thus  some  part  of  the  expense  of  maintaining  the  Ter- 
torial  Government  will  bo  borne  by  those  who  take  from  it  annually  a 
rich  harvest  and  contribute  nothing  in  return. 


ALASKA    rNDlISTIUES. 


453 


LIQUOB. 

Til  Hpito  of  tlic  eiiriipst  oflorts  of  tlio  ciiHhoma  ofticera  tlio  smngpling 
lit'  lii|unr  into  Aluskii  aiitl  its  ilh'<^iij  sule  to  wliiti's  and  Imliiins  <;oiiLiii- 
iK's  ll;ij;iiiiitl>  iiiid  (Icliiiiitly.  ('oii,si(lcrin,n' the  viist  area  of  tlic  Terri- 
tory, iiiid  it,H  tlioiisaiids  of  miles  of  coast  line,  it  is  peiiiapH  notsiirpris- 
iiiji  tliat  Hiieli  illej;al  praetiees  liave  not  been  eoiiiplclely  broken  \i\>. 

Complaint  is  also  made  that  it  is  imi'ossible  to  secnie  (ioiivietion  of 
o<f«'Mdeis  against  the  li(pior  hiws  by  jury  trial  because  of  sympathy 
witn  the  ac(Mis('d,  This  renders  it  all  the  harder  to  enforce  the  law. 
This  flajirant  <lcliance  of  United  States  law  is  productive  of  evil  results 
wlicn  the  sale  of  liquor  is  to  whites,  but  when  extended  to  Indians  its 
evil  ell'ects  are  almost  im|)ossible  to  describe. 

Under  the  JUissian  rule  the  sale  of  licpior  to  natives  was  strictly  pro- 
hibited except  at  high  chuich  festivals,  but  after  tlie  cession  to  the 
United  States  many  vessels  sailed  to  Alaska  and  j;ave  the  natives  liq- 
uors in  exchange  for  furs.  The  natives  are  passionately  fond  of  liquor, 
and  will  do  almost  anything  to  secure  it.  Many  murders  by  the  Indians 
are  directly  traceable  to  li(iuor  obtained  in  this  way;  these  (lases  are 
rarely  l)roufjht  to  the  attention  of  the  authorities.  Much  cruelty,  such 
as  wile  beatiiifr  and  other  crimes,  is  also  caused  by  the  use  of  liquor. 
1  am  of  the  opinion  that  some  restriction  should  be  placed  upon  the 
importation  of  articles  which  can  be  used  by  the  Indians  for  making 
liipior,  for  example,  tiavoring  extracts,  bitters,  Florida  water,  bay  rum, 
eau  de  cologne,  etc.,  whicii,  aithongh  ostensibly  imported  as  medicines, 
are  obtained  really  for  the  alcoliol  contained  therein. 

If  the  United  States  (Jovernment  can  enforce  the  liquor  laws,  murder, 
infanticide,  wife  beating,  and  other  crimen  now  common  among  the 
Indians  would  soon  be  unknown. 

It  may  well  be  questioned  whether  the  existing  system  of  trial  by 
jury  is  not  a  failure  as  regards  the  enforcement  of  the  liquor  laws.  If, 
iiowciver,  it  is  deemed  advisable  to  retain  the  provision  for  trial  by  jnry, 
I  believe  that  both  the  grand  and  trial  juries  for  the  Territory  should 
be  selected  by  the  judge  of  the  United  States  district  court.  A  similar 
l)racti(!e  now  exists  in  the  State  of  Tennessee,  and  has  been  held  con- 
stitutioiml.  It  might  be  well  also  to  give  to  the  United  States  commis- 
sioners the  i)ower  to  enforce,  without  a  jury,  section  1955  of  the  Revised 
Statutes  and  section  I'l  of  the  act  of  May  17,  1884,  as  far  as  relates  to 
the  sale,  manufacture,  or  importation  of  intoxicants. 

Having  (larefully  considered  the  question,  it  is  my  firm  belief  that 
the  liquor  question  in  Alaska  can  only  properly  be  solved  by  having  a 
system  of  high  license  and  total  prohibition  of  sales  to  Indians.  In 
this  way  only  will  it  be  possible  to  regulate  the  traflic  effectively. 

While  in  Sitka  I  learned  that  many  jjeople  were  confined  in  jail 
be(!ause  of  ottenses  under  the  liqiior  law.  I  found  also,  to  my  great  sur- 
prise, that  sonie  of  them  had  been  imprisoned  since  June,  18!)",  await- 
itig  trial  for  offenses  for  which,  on  conviction,  not  over  six  months 
imprisonment  could  be  imposed,  there  having  been  no  term  of  court 
since  the  first-named  date.  These  facts  have  been  called  to  the  atten- 
tion of  the  Attorney-General. 

FUR-BEAEING  ANIMALS. 


THE  SKA  OTTEK. 


The  value  of  sea-otter  skins,  just  out  of  the  water,  to-day  is  about 
$200,  whereas  filteen  years  ago  the  price  would  not  average  much  over 


4R4 


ALAHKA    INDUSTRIUa. 


$25.  They  urc  lit'Cdiniiij;'  vnry  .  <;iu'c,o  hcciuisc  of  iii(li«('riiiiiiiiito  hIiiiikI*- 
tor  111  till'-  past.  VVlicii  uiidiT  I'lissiiin  <l(Miiiiiioii  flie  sciioUcr  j^iouikIh 
wore  (iivuU'd  into  tlircii  distiictN,  one  liiird  hciii^  open  lo  liiiiitin^'  ciu'li 
year.  FircariiiH  wrir  pioldliitcd  mid  diilx  Ikiwh  niid  Hpi'jir.s  wero  pcr- 
initti^d  to  l)('  used,  mid  whiles  wcro  r  -vcr  cniidoycd  as  Imnlt'is.  ACUt 
the  ccHsion  to  tlu^  IJiiilcd  Btufcs  iiniiiy  wliiU's  t'ii;iii;;t'd  in  iiiiiitiniL;',  and 
vessula  wero  littcd  out  IVoiii  I'acKic  ports  witli  otter  hoats  propelled  by 
Btoain.    The  result  has  been  aliiiost  extenninat'on. 

The  sea  otter,  eontiiiry  to  what  is  generally  .^u|iposed,  has  no  re^iular 
bro.edinji  time;  it  brings  I'ortli  its  young  during  every  iiiontli  in  the 
year.  To  jirevt'iit  its  exterMiiniition  hunting  should  In  prohibited 
between  May  and  Oetober.  and  then  should  be  allowed  only  by  natives 
and  whites  inariied  to  nntives. 

While  at  Kodiak  (St.  I'aul)  a  delegation  of  whites  waited  upon  me 
and  stated  that  they  were  deprived  of  the  right  to  hunt  sea  otter  in 
Alaska.  This  right  had  incvionsly  been  limited  by  Treasury  regulation 
to  natives  and  to  whites  mairied  to  imtives;  that  relying  on  the  regula- 
tions then  in  foree,  they  had  marriinl  native  women  and  had  invested 
all  their  i)ro]»erly  in  sehooners,  tackle,  etc;.,  and  that  on  JNIareh  li,  1S!);5, 
the  regulation  previously  in  foree, iierniitting  whites  married  to  natives 
to  hunt,  was  rescinded  by  i'resident  Harrison;  tlnit  this  took  away  all 
their  means  of  support.  They  th«'reforo  asked  that  the  (dd  ruling  as 
to  whit(5s  married  to  natives  be  restored,  and  that  the  ruling  of  JVIarch 
2,  18!»3,  be  rescinded. 

I  am  of  the  opinion,  after  carefully  examining  the  question,  that  such 
of  these  whites  as  married  natives,  relying  on  the  existing  l.iw  as  laid 
do  wni  11  the  Treasury  regulations  of  Ajiril-' 1,1879,  were  wrongly  deprived 
of  the  i)rivilege  of  luinting  otter  b,^  'Jrculars  of  .laiuiary  Id,  l.Si);!,  and 
March  15,  lH\)',i,  and  I  b(dieve  that  said  circulars  should  be  changed  so 
as  to  permit  such  whites  to  engage  in  sea  otter  hunting. 

T  further  recommend  that  the  regulations  ])rohibitiiig  the  sah^  of 
breechloading  lirearnis  be  changed.  In  the  gold  region  about  the 
Yukon  iiiver  there  are  many  traders  who  have  niucli  gold.  They  are 
surrounded  by  newcomers  who  have  ritles,  and  tliey  sliould  also  be 
jiernntted  to  have  them.  The  natives  now  almost  universally  have 
VVin(diester  ritles,  but  they  buy  them  at  enormous  prices  and  have 
inferior  weapons.  Firearms  are  a  necessity  to  Indians  to-d;iy,  for  with- 
out them  they  can  not  kill  deer  or  bear  upon  whidi  they  (h  pend  for 
their  support. 

1  am  further  of  the  opinion  that  the  present  prohibition  against  whites 
hunting  land  fur-bearing  animals  in  Alaska  should  be  discontinued. 
It  was  originally  passed  to  i)rotect  the  seals,  but  their  killing  is  regu- 
lated now  by  other  statutes,  and  this  prohibition  should  be  removed. 


LAND  FURS. 

There  should  also  be  a  closed  season  from  April  to  October  for  each 
year  for  land  fur-bearing  animals.  During  this  period  furs  are  useless, 
but  the  natives  can  not  resist  the  temptation  of  killing.  For  many 
years  parts  of  the  Territory  have  sutl'ered  from  failure  of  reindeer 
because  of  indiscriminate  slaughter  in  the  jiast,  simply  for  the  tongue, 
eyes,  and  tallow,  rejecting  the  meat.  Said  proposed  closed  season 
should  also  embrace  deer  and  mountain  sheej).  There  should  further 
be  a  prohibition  of  the  exportation  of  deer  skins  from  the  Territory, 
because  of  the  indiscriminate  slaughter  (-arried  on  by  the  natives 
simply  to  procure  the  skins  for  export. 


AT.AHKA    I N DUST i; IKS. 


455 


I  am  furtlior  in  receipt  of  iiitbrrnntion  tlmt  (fertain  wliitcs  use  |M»isMii 
to  Idll  foxcH.    Thi«  Hlioukl  l)e  proliihitctl  iiiitler  Ktriiiseiit  iiciialtics. 

LAND  LAWS. 

The  {jiowth  of  the  iiopiiliition  in  AiasUa  and  tlie  aniomif  of  money 
invested  in  tiie  Teniloiy  in  inereasiiif;-  yeiirly.  it  is  liclif'vcd  tliiit  a 
lar;,'e  innnit;rati()n  will  set  in  as  soon  as  <'omji;icss  sliali  exieiid  1iii(»M^;li- 
out  tlie  Territory  tlio  K*^'"<'i'iil  land  laws  or  some,  otiier  system  eniiblinj;' 
the  settler  to  aefpiire  private  o\vn(Msiiii)  iit  land,  a  i)rivileffe  now 
actioide.d  only  to  the  oe(;iij)iei's  ol'  town  sites,  to  the  owners  ol'  mines 
and  canneries,  iind  persons  enj^a^cd  in  trade  and  mannl'actiire. 

Many  other  suffgestions  will  he  found  in  the  api)ended   repor'   if 
Inspector  Muiray.     [  merely  call  attention  in  tlii    iirief  report  to  cer- 
tain broad  and  jxeneral  f  ( 
course  of  my  invest ijiat ion 

Respectfully  suV'  uitted. 


md  conclusions  noted  by  nie  during  the 


The  Seokktauy  oi'  tjik  Tkeasuiiy. 


Chaui.ks  S.  IIammn, 

AnHiHlant  /Secretary. 


TiiKAHuuY  Department, 

OlElCK   OV  TIIE   SjOORETARY, 
WdNhiiigfoii,  I).  C,  Jwie  !),  1894. 

Sir:  In  view  of  the  rejyresentations  made  alT'ecting  the  customs 
adndnistration  on  the  Pacitic;  ( "oast,  I  desire  you  to  visit  San  Francisco, 
Portland,  Oro}^.,  Port  Townsend,  and  such  other  places  as  may  be  nec- 
essary, for  the  purpose  of  making  a  personal  inspection  of  said  ports  in 
order  to  as(!ertain  the  exact  condition  of  all'airs  and  the  remedies 
required  to  secure  the  proi)er  condu<'t  of  tlie  customs  business.  I  also 
desire  you  to  make  such  inquiries  as  may  l)e  practicable  with  reference 
to  the  sahnon  fisheries  of  Alaska,  and  the  taking  of  seals  on  tlie  Pribi- 
h)f  Ishinds.  Should  it  be  necessary,  in  your  judgment,  to  visit  Alaska, 
you  should  not  hesitate  to  proceed  there  to  obtain  the  desired  infor- 
matiou. 

I  inclose  copies  of  bills  which  have  been  inti'oduced  in  the  House  of 
Kepresentatives  affecting  the  salmon,  trout,  and  other  lisheries  in  the 
streams  of  Alaska.  I  also  inclose  a  statement  sliowing  the  number  of 
seals  taken  for  all  i^urposes  from  1870  to  18!>3,  both  inclusive,  which 
may  be  of  service  to  you  in  the  course  of  your  inquiries. 

Instructions  will  be  sent  to  the  commanding  ollicers  of  the  revenue 
steamer  Rush  to  the  effect  that  said  vessel  will  lie  at  your  disposal  dur- 
ing such  time  as  you  may  bo  on  the  Pacific  (!oast. 

It  is  suggested  upon  your  return  that  yon  give  attention  to  the  c^v- 
sular  sealing  system,  under  which  merchandise  is  permitted  to  pass  the 
frontier  of  the  United  States  without  critical  insi)e(!tio'.i.  The  trans- 
l)ortation  of  freight  between  American  jjorts  via  Canada  should  also 
receive  your  attention. 

Von  will  please  make  your  arrangements  to  enter  upon  these  duties 
',vit  .  as  little  delay  as  practicable,  as  the  season  is  near  at  hand  when 
your  inquiries  may  l)e  ])rosecuted  with  the  greatest  advantage. 
Respectfully,  yours, 

J.  G.  Carlisle,  iScvrvtary. 

Tirni.  C.  S.  Hamlin, 

Assistant  tSevrctary  of  the  Treasury. 


REPORT  OF  JOSEPH  B.  CROWLEY,  SPECIAL  TREASURY  AGENT, 

FOR  THE  YEAR  1894. 


Office  of  the  Speciai.  Agent, 

Treasury  Department, 
Washington,  D.  C,  Januarif  4,  1895. 
Sir:  I  herewith  transmit  my  annual  report  for  1894,  with  exhibits 
attached,  makinj>'  a  part  of  said  report. 
Iti^spectfully,  yours, 

Jos.  B.  Crowley, 

Special  Treasury  Agent. 
The  Sk(!R]:tary  of  the  Treasury. 


Office  of  the  Special  Agent, 

Treasliiy  Deparijient, 
Wasliiiififcu,  J?.  C,  November  30,  1894. 

SiB:  Pursuant  to  Department  instv actions  dated  May  4, 1894,  I  pro- 
ceeded to  tlie  seal  islands  of  Alaska,  sailing  fnan  San  Francisco  May 
19  on  board  the  North  American  Oommercitl  Company's  steamer 
Ltilime,  Cajitain  Bonnifleld  commanding. 

I  was  accompanied  by  Special  Agents  Jacob  E.  Ziebach  and  Jamea 
Jndge,  and  we  arrived  at  St.  George  Island  on  June  4,  when,  pursuant 
to  Dei)artmeiit  instructions,  I  immediately  relieved  Special  Agent  Hall 
and  placed  Agent  Ziebach  in  charge  of  (he  island. 

On  June  (i  we  reached  St.  Paul  Island  and  found  Special  Agent  Thomas 
E.  Adams  in  cliarge,  where  he  was  permitted  to  remain  until  .July  1, 
when  \u\  was  temporarily  relieved,  and  Special  Agent  Judge  placed  in 
charge,  his  appointment  as  special  agent  taking  place  on  that  date. 

Agon^  Adams  remained  on  St.  Paul  Island,  rendering  such  service  as 
was  required,  until  the  return  of  the  steamer  in  September',  when  he 
acconii)anied  me  as  far  as  San  Francisco  on  his  way  home. 

IMPROVEMENTS. 

One  of  the  most  agreeable  changes  to  be  noticed  on  the  islands  since 
I  first  saw  them  is  tlie  imiirovcment  in  the  physical  condition  of  the 
native  inhabitnnts  since  suHicient  "  food,  fuel,  and  clothing"  have  been 
furnislied  them.  On  my  arrival  at  the  i.shmds  in  18!)3,  every  family  was 
visited  and  every  dwelling  inspected,  and  where  we  found  a  lack  of  beds, 
bedding,  stoves,  cooking  utensils,  wearing  api)arel,  or  other  necessaries, 
tliey  were  immediately  supplied,  and  tiie  good  resulting  from  this  act 
of  simple. justice  is  quite  apparent  on  all  sides,  and  is  very  satisfactory. 

I)ei)artnient  order  for  the  erecrtion  of  a  luimber  of  suitable  water- 
closets  is  being  complied  with  as  rapidly  as  possible;  the  change  is 
I'nlly  iii)precintod  by  the  natives,  and  already  the  sanitary  condition  of 
the  isiiiuds  siiows  marked  improvement. 

450 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


457 


That  the  morality  of  the  i)cople  themselves  has  partaken  of  the  gen- 
eral improvement  is  evident  to  all  who  observe  their  conduct  closely; 
theie  are  most  certainly  fewer  carousals  and  much  less  drunkenness, 
and  there  is  every  evidence  of  a  marked  personal  pride  in  the  home  and 
family  relations. 

It  is  the  census  returns,  liowever,  that  show  most  clearly  the  good 
results  of  the  .improvement  in  the  treatment  of  the  natives,  for  ever 
since  the  change  was  made  there  has  been  less  sickness  and  fewer 
deaths  in  proportion  to  births  than  ever  before.    (See  Exhibits  A  and  B.) 

SCHOOLS. 

The  attention  of  the  Department  has  been  called  to  the  school  system 
in  vofiue  on  the  islands  Ijy  many  of  my  predecessors  in  their  annual 
reports,  but  nothing  has  been  done  thus  far  to  remedy  its  many  radical 
defects. 

The  fault  is  hardly  that  of  the  lessees  or  of  the  teacher,  for  they  cer- 
tainly supply  a  school  buihling  and  school  books,  and  the  teacher  is 
comi)etent,  capable,  and  attentive  to  his  duties,  endeavoring  at  all 
times  to  perform  his  part  well  and  faithfully. 

The  trouble  is  one  that  lies  deeper  than  the  personality  of  the  teacher 
or  the  necessary  school  supi)]ies,  and  until  the  chief  cause  is  removed 
there  will  be  but  little  hope  of  success  in  the  attempt  to  impart  a 
knowledge  of  the  English  language  to  the  natives  of  the  Pribilof 
Islands. 

The  remedy  lies  in  an  "industrial  school"  where  the  pupils  might  be 
kei)t  secluded  from  the  older  natives  until  the  English  tongue  became 
theirs. 

The  annual  report  of  the  school  teacher  on  St.  Paul  Island  is  attached, 
and  marked  Exhibit  C. 

FUEL. 


Pursuant  to  instructions  I  contracted  for  290  tons  of  coal  to  supply 
the  Government  houses  and  the  native  inhabitants  on  both  of  the  islands. 
This  amount,  added  to  the  80  tons  delivered  by  the  lessees  under  their 
lease,  making  a  total  of  370  tons,'wa8  delivered  by  the  North  American 
Commercial  Company  ami  was  distributed  as  follows: 

St.  Paul  Lslaiul :  Tons. 

Govern niciit  lioiiso 10 

Use  of  natives 240 

St.  Georpe  Islanti : 

Government  liniisi! 10 

Use  of  natives 100 

Total iiCO 

Owing  to  an  iMi'cr  ir  wcinrliiiia;  there  is  still  due  the  natives  of  St.  Paul 
10  tons,  which  v.  ill  be  given  them  next  season. 

In  my  rejjort  for  l.SiKi  I  asked  that  storehouses  be  erected  on  both  of 
the  islands  in  which  to  store  tlie  8upi)ly  of  natives'  coal,  and  I  again 
respectfully  call  attention  to  the  necessity  of  having  them  built  as  soon 
as  possible,  for  it  is  very  unprofitable  to  leave  the  coal  out  of  doors  in 
the  winds,  rains,  and  snovs  of  Alaska. 

The  houses  need  not  be  expensive  affairs,  and  given  the  necessary 
material,  the  natives  can  build  them  immediately  and  thus  save  the  cost 
in  two  years  by  preventing  the  present  waste  in  slackage. 


458 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


FOXES. 

In  December,  1893,  there  were  tra])i)e(i  and  killed  by  tlie  natives  of  the 
islands  of  St.  Paul  and  St.  ( icorj^e  81 1  foxes,  of  which  770  were  blue  and 
41  were  white,  divided  as  follows: 

St.  Paul : 

Blue 213 

White 27 

St.  Georgo: 

Hiup r>oi 

Wliito U 

Total 811 

The  skins  were  sold  to  the  lessees  and  were  classed  as  follow  :  First 
grade,  blue;  second  fjrade,  blue;  third  giade,  white. 

The  amount  realized  on  the  skins  and  credited  to  the  natives  was  as 
follows : 

St.  Paul : 

Fir-st  class,  146,  at  $.5 ^T.'JO 

Secon<l  class,  67,  at +1 268 

Thiril  class  27,  at  $1 27 

St.  Georgo : 

First  class,  413,  at  $5 2,21.5 

Second  class,  114,  at  $4 456 

Tbiitl  class,  14,  at  $1 14 

Total 3,710 

The  nioney  received  for  fox  skins  is  not  a  comniunity'  fund,  but  is 
divided  among  the  men  who  catcii  tliefoxe.s,  each  num  gel-ting  credit  for 
the  full  value  of  the  skins  he  brings  in. 

The  money  is  credited  on  his  pass  book  and  drawn  against  for  food 
and  necessiu'ies  until  it  l)e<!omes  exiuiusted  before  he  again  becomes  a 
chai'ge  on  the  Cxoverninent. 

Thi.s,  too,  is  the  system  toliowed  in  the  .spending  of  the  fund  derived 
from  tlie  taking  of  seal  skins;  so  hmg  as  the  man  has  money  to  his 
credit,  I'rom  daily  earnings,  lie  is  .self  supporting. 

I  respectfully  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  on  St.  George  Island  this 
year  the  natives  received  for  fox  skins  ijSli,(l8.5,  while  the  earnings  for 
taking  seals  were  only  f  l,.').'il,  leaving  a  balance  of  $1,154  in  favor  of 
the  foxes. 

Thi.s,  1  tiiink,  is  a  lesson  that  should  not  be  forgotten  in  future,  espe- 
cially as  the  indications  are  that  unless  a  change  takes  place  very  soon 
by  which  the  fur  seal  may  be  properly  ])rotected  there  will  not  be  many 
left  to  take  for  any  i)urpos('  and  the  natives  will  have  nothing  to  depend 
on  but  the  blue  fox. 

Firndy  believing  in  the  necessity  of  festering  and  preserving  the  foxe.s, 
1  have  ordered  that  none  shall  be  trapped  on  the  islands  of  Ht.  Paul  and 
St.  George  during  the  trai)i»ing  season  of  181)4-!)"),  but  1  gave  permission 
to  trap  foxes  on  (Jtter  island,  where  none  have  been  taken  in  many 
years. 

.SEALS. 

I  learned  on  my  arrival  at  the  i.slands  that  owing  to  the  extremely  long 
and  cold  wintei'  and  the  amount  of  ice  reniainiiig  around  tlie  beach  late 
into  May.  the  seals  had  not  hauled  out  so  freely  as  usual,  and  the  assist- 
ant agents  inlbrmed  ine  that  as  late  as  May  14  passages  had  to  be  cut 
through  the  ice  to  allow  the  bull  seals  to  reach  the  bree<ling  grounds, 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


459 


213 

27 

r,57 
U 


and  after  coiniiij>  ashore  they  lay  in  the  snow  and  ice  that  covered  the 
rookories. 

About  June  10-12  tlui  young  killiible  males  began  hauling  out  in 
goodly  numbers,  but  at  no  tinui  during  the  whole  season  of  LS'J4  were 
there  as  many  seals  on  the  ishiiuls  as  hauled  out  iji  1.S9,'5. 

The  indications  of  decrease  are  to  be  seen  on  all  sides  in  all  classes  of 
seals,  but  more  particularly  in  the  cows  on  the  breeding  grounds. 

Beginning  0(^t()ber  '23  and  ending  Novend)er  .'JO,  180;!,  there  were 
killed  on  St.  Paul  Island,  lor  natives'  food,  77'1  killable  sepals,  whose 
skins  were  merchantable  and  luivc  since  been  accei)tcd  by  the  lessees. 

Beginning  October  -JO  and  ending  NoveMd)er  17,  IS'.Ki,  there  were 
killed  on  St.  George,  Island,  for  natives'  food,  I'l.")  seals,  whose  skins  Imve 
since  been  acce[)ted,  thus  making  the  total  of  1,010  skins  on  hand  at 
the  lieginning  of  the  season  of  ISOI. 

B"ginning  the  season  of  1801  May  0  and  ending  August  4, 12,10(i  seal 
skins  were  taken  on  St.  Paul  Island;  and  from  May  li.'}  to  August  it, 
2,817  seals  were  killed  on  St.  (ienrge  Island.  The  date  of  th-  drive, 
the  rookery  driven  ^'roni,  and  the  number  taken  at  each  kdling  duiing 
the  season  are  attached  and  nuvrked  iCxhibits  1)  and  E. 

I  have  also  attached  copy  of  shii)ping  receipts  for  the  total  mimber 
of  skins  taken  by  lessees  during  the  fall  of  180.3  and  killing  season  of 
1801,  marked  JCxhibit  F. 

Also  report  of  distribution  of  the  "(Jomnuinity  fund"  as  Exhibits  G 
and  H. 

The  total  number  of  skins  shipiied  by  the  lessees  in  1804  was  10,032, 
including  the  1,010  food  skins  taken  in  the  fall  of  ISO.S. 

For  taking,  salting,  and  lading  these  skins  the  natives  were  paid  50 
cents  per  skin,  or  $8,010. 

The  amount  actually  distributed  was  only  $7,04(),  leaving  $70  ot  a 
balance  to  be  distributed  next  season. 

Thedistiibuiion  of  tlie  .'S7,04fi  luid  really  been  made  before  the  accept- 
ance of  140  skins  which  were  not  i:  iisidcred  lirst  class,  but  which  were 
afterwards  accepted  by  the  lessees'  agent,  and  the  natives  will  be  paid 
next  year. 

DRIVING. 

Only  two  drives  from  each  rookery  were  i)ermitted  during  the  season 
of  1804.  All  long  drives  were  avoided,  and  yet,  in  my  o])inion,  there 
were  as  many  skins  taken  as  could  have  been  obtained  by  the  lessees 
had  they  been  allowed  to  drive  oftener. 

I  was  anxious  to  have  rue  driving  dime  so  carefully  that  there  should 
notbeauypossilulity  of  disturbance  on  the  rookeries,  and  I  feel  satisfied 
that  the  plan  adopted  was  a  good  one. 

Had  there  been  the  number  of  young  killables  on  the  rookeries  that 
Mr.  Henry  W.  Elliott  tells  about  in  his  work  on  Alaska,  1872-1880,  there 
would  have  been  no  trouble  in  securing  100,000  skins,  butthe  "amphibi- 
ous millions"  which  Mr.  Elliott  saw  in  1870  have  passed  away  and  where 
they  swarnu!d  by  the  million  then  is  now  a  grass  plat  upon  which  a  seal 
is  never  seen. 

That  the  seal  herd  has  been  steadily  decreasing  during  the  past  ten 
yeai's  is  so  self  evident  now  that  no  one  denies  it.  Had  the  decrease 
been  due  to  bad  management  on  the  islands  it  would  most  certainly 
have  been  proven  during  t'  years  of  the  "modus  vivendi,"  when  not 
to  exceed  7,o00  seals  were  ..,ken  annually;  but.  in  spite  of  a  long  rest 
of  nearly  five  years,  we  could  not  get  20,000  killable  seals  on  the  islands 
in  1894,  which  shows  beyond  contradiction,  1  think,  that  the  cause  of  the 


460 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


steady  annual  decrease  is  to  bo  found  ontsido  the  islands,  and  as  there 
i.s*  only  one  known  can  ?e  to  which  the  decrease  can  be  attributed,  the 
almost  nnaiiinious  verdict  of  civilization  ia  that  the  indiscriminate 
alanghfer  of  seals  by  the  pelagic  sealer  is  tlie  principal  cause  of  the 
decrease  in  tlie  herds. 

Frf>in  my  own  knowledge  of  tlie  situation,  gained  by  an  experience 
of  two  seasons  on  the  islands,  I  have  no  doubt  whatever  as  to  the  cause 
of  the  decrease,  for  one  has  only  to  looli  at  the  olBcial  returns  of  tlie 
pelagic  cat(!h  for  1894  to  see  at  a  glaiKic  that  liowever  numerous  tiie 
seals  may  have  been  in  1884  they  could  not  stand  the  drain  made  upon 
them  for  the  ])ast  ten  years  without  showing  it. 

From  the  best  information  obtainable  it  appears  that  the  pelagic 
seal*  IS  secured  142,000  seal  skins  in  1894.  The  official  figures  from 
the  Ameri(!iin  and  British  customs  show  that  122,000  skins  were  landed 
on  the  Pacific  Slo])e,  and  there  is  good  ground  for  the  belief  that  the 
remainder  were  landed  in  Japan  or  Russian  ports  and  shipped  to 
Jjondon  via  tlic  Suez  Canal. 

It  is  ad.nitted  on  all  sides  that  70  per  cent  of  the  catch  were  females, 
mostly  riiother  seals  in  young  or  in  milk,  \  hose  death  in  either  case 
meant  the  death  of  two  seals,  for  it  is  well  known  that  when  a  mother 
in  milk  is  killed  at  sea  her  pup  dies  on  the  rookery  for  want  of  sus- 
tenance. 

I  do  not  make  the  statement  of  the  death  of  the  pups  from  starvation 
recklessly;  there  is  positive  proof  of  it. 

In  the  latter  part  of  August,  1894,  when  the  first  dead  pups  of  the 
season  appeared  on  the  bree  ling  grounds,  I  made  daily  visits  to  the 
rookeries  and  found  hundreds  of  dead  pups  that  had  died  of  starvation. 

Hundreds  yet  alive  were  so  wasted,  weak,  and  feiible  they  (umld  with 
difficulty  drag  themselves  over  the  rocks,  and  would  not  attempt  to  get 
out  of  the  way  when  approached. 

Between  September  1.5  and  20  the  Treasury  agent  on  St.  George 
eoniited  the  dead  pups  on  all  the  accessible  portions  of  thr  rookeries 
npon  which  he  could  climb  without  disturbing  the  seals,  anU,  estimat- 
ing the  number  not  seen  to  be  in  jiroiiortion  to  those  found,  there  were 
4,110  dead  pups  on  St.  George  Island. 

The  same  method  was  followed  on  St.  Paul,  and  the  rookeries  visited 
and  dead  pups  actually  counted  on  them  are  shown  in  the  following 
table : 


Date. 

Rookery. 

Uend  pups.' 

Date. 

Rookery. 

Dend  pups. 

(M.   3 

Kcef 

i,nni 

847 

37- 

781 

2,840 

2,143 

Oct.  23 

Oct.  23 

Oi(.23 

Oct.  23 

Total... 

Lower  Zai)adnie 

Lufioon 

Zoltoi 

000 

f)cf,   6 

I.iikniinoii 

215 

Ort    « 

Ketiivii! 

Jlnlfwiiv  Point 

Northeast  I'nint 

Southwest  Hay 

324 

fKt.11.... 

Gnrbotch 

287 

Off. 11 

Oct.ii 

10, 307 

Tolstoi  was  not  visited,  and,  as  only  the  accessible  portions  of  the 
rookeries  (lould  be  reached,  1  consider  I  fira  below  rather  than  above 
the  mark  when  1  put  the  number  of  dead  pups  on  both  the  islands,  in 
1894,  at  20,000. 

One  sight  of  the  rookeries  when  the  pups  are  dying  by  the  hundred 
is  enough  to  convince  anyone  of  the  truth  of  the  claim  made  by  the 
Treasury  agents,  that  it  is  because  of  starvation,  owing  to  the  death  of 
their  mothers  at  sea,  that  so  many  pups  die  in  August  and  September. 
There  is  no  difficulty  whatever  in  telling  the  ditt'ereuce  between  starv- 


ALASKA    INDUSTKIKH. 


461 


Inff  inot)i(;rlf!88  animals  with  their  flattened  sides,  feeble  movements, 
and  languid  cries,  and  tlie  well  fed,  rounded,  romping  ones  that  are  to 
be  Mj'cn  in  pods  alon;;  the  beach  jdaying  iu  the  shallows, 

1  fear  that  this  (luestiou  of  dead  pups  is  not  fully  understood,  nor 
are  its  les.sons  appreciated  by  the  nations  most  deeply  interest«jd  in 
the  preservation  of  tlie  seals,  otherwise  some  steps  would  be  taken 
inuriediatcly  to  ]>ut  an  end  to  the  present  mode  of  sealing  at  sea. 

From  the  most  rciinhle  data  at  hiind  I  find  that  during  the  nine  years 
beginning  with  I'^HO  iind  ending  with  WM  tlie  lollowing  numbers  of 
seals  were  taken  by  pelagic  sealers: 


600 
215 
324 
267 


in 


Year. 

Numbor. 

29, 000 

45, 000 
51,0(1(1 

Y(!ar. 

Number. 

flO,  000  j 
78,0(i0  i 
85,(1110  '■ 
100,000 

y<!iir.                Nuinlwr. 

1880 

1800 

1 801 

1894                           ...       142  000 

)KH7 

lK-'< 

IHO'J 

Total 602,000 

IttHU 

57,  000 

1803 

I  venture  tlieasserticm  that  the  killingof  that  number  entailed  a  loss 
of  not  less  tlian  1,500,000  seals  on  the  herds  on  both  shores  of  iiering 
Sea. 

Ho  w>nstant  and  so  rapid  has  been  the  decrease  of  the  seals  on  the 
I'ribilof  Islands,  that  in  1894  the  only  sign  of  increase  to  be  observed 
over  last  year  was  among  the  large  young  bulls  whi>  were  unable  to 
find  cjtWH  witli  whicii  to  form  harems  of  their  own.  There  were  more 
idl(!  bulls  of  breeding  age  on  the  rookeries  than  theie  were  bulls  with 
harems  on  the  breeding  grounds. 

That  the  seals  are  steadily  decreasing  to  an  alarming  extent,  and 
that  the  principal  cause  of  such  decrease  is  pelagic  sealing,  can  not 
longer  be  denied. 

That  the  regulations  adopted  at  P.tri8  do  not  protect  the  female  seals 
in  iiering  Heu  has  been  proved  the  past  season  beyond  the  possibility 
of  doubt,  for  never  before  in  the  history  of  the  business  did  the  pelagic 
scalers  take  so  many  seals  as  in  1894, 

I  therefore  re  "tfully  recommend  that  immediate  steps  be  taken  to 
amend  the  regulations,  and  that  an  international  agreement  be  made, 
if  iMJSsible,  by  which  there  shall  be  no  sealing  in  leering  Sea  for  three 
years  or  until  the  rookeries  have  had  time  to  recujierate  from  their 
present  depleted  condition,  and  other  arrangements  be  made  for  the 
adetpiate  j)rote<;tion  of  the  females  in  the  future. 

If  such  an  arrangement  can  not  be  arrived  at,  then  1  should  advise 
the  imme«liate  killing  of  every  seal  on  the  Pribilof  Islands  rather  than 
allow  the  islands  to  be  used  as  a  nursery  for  the  propagation  of  an 
animal  that  is  to  be  destroyed  before  our  eyes  by  the  subjects  of  another 
nation. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Pursuant  to  instructions  dated  May  5,  I'S'Ji,  Prof.  Charles  II.  Town- 
send,  of  th<!  United  States  steamer  Albatross,  was  permitted  to  take  a 
suitable  specimen  bachelor  seal  for  the  use  of  the  Smithsonian  institu- 
tion. 

GUABDING  BOOKERIES. 

O'l  September  1  a  lieutenant  and  a  boat's  crew  of  armed  marine  guards 
we'  ;  lantled  on  each  of  the  two  islands,  where  they  remained  until 
November  1,  when  they  were  taken  off  by  the  revenue  cutter  Bmt, 


4()2 


ALASKA    INDUSTUIES. 


During  tlieir  two  inouthH'  stay  on  shore  there  was  no  call  for  tlioir 
services,  nor  will  tlicre  ever  be  so  long  as  the  Treasury  agent  <lo(\s  his 
duty  and  the  natives  arc  ])voperly  arnied  and  treated  like  men. 

It  is  due  to  tin?  severid  naval  oHicers  connnanding  ships  in  Uering 
Sea  that  I  say  I  (<>nn<l  tlieni  all  very  willing  to  do  anything  they  could 
for  the  benelit  of  the  (iovernnient  interest  on  the  seal  islands,  and  as 
early  as  June  oilers  of  assistance  were  nnulo  to  nie  by  the  commanders 
of  the  Petrel,  lianner,  ami  Ahrf. 

The  several  vessels  composing  the  tieet  in  Dering  8ea  were  always  at 
my  service,  in  turn,  whencxer  1  wanted  to  go  from  island  to  island,  and 
bythia  means  I  w.iseiiabled  toaltend  to  many  mattersof  interest  to  the 
Department  wliicli,  under  otlna'  conditions,  might  have  been  neglected. 

Except  the  depleted  comlition  oi'  the  rookeries  and  vlie  decrease  of 
the  seals,  everytliing  on  the  seal  islands  is  very  satistin^tory. 

Since  the  native  pcoi)le  are  l)etter  treated  than  in  former  years — hav- 
ing plenty  of  good  food,  fuel  and  clothing,  and  houses  tree  from  rent — 
theie  is  evidence  of  good  health,  contentment,  and  happiness  on  every 
countenance. 

The  widows,  orphans,  aged,  and  indigent  persons  who  have  no  other 
means  of  support,  are  well  ])rovided  lV)r  by  the  lessees. 

The  conditions  of  the  lease  have  been  complied  with  in  letter  and  in 
sjjirit  by  the  lessees,  and  the  nu)st  ((udial  relations  exist  between  the 
Gov«'rnment  and  comjiany  agents,  both  in  a  social  and  business  way. 

Very  respectfully  subnutted. 

.TosKi'H  B.  Ckowley, 
Special  Treasiu'ij  Agent,  iSeal  Islands. 

Hon.  John  G.  Caulislk, 

tSecrcUirij  of  the  Trcunuri]. 


Exiiiiirr  A. — Cciihuh  of  nalive  iiiliiiliUdutu  of  St.  Paul  Inland,  June  SO,  1894, 


Nanio  1111(1  relalioualiip. 


Ase. 


Niimo  and  rnlutioiisliip. 


!A(;e. 


Family  1 — .'  individnuls: 

Artiiinunoir,  Ki'irick.  Iiuslmnil . 
AitiiniiiiiotF,  Alexnudrj,  wile. . . 
I'roknpiell',  Aiixuiiia,  ilnii;;lilei . 
I'niiiiill',  lirdokea,  oi'pliaii 


\. 


Family  2—4  inilividiials: 

A  rkasliiitr,  Araouy,  liusliaiid 

A 1  kii-^lKilV.  Marina,  wilt! 

Galaxtcoiiiff,  Claudia,  urpliau 

Steiictiii,  Joliii.  Hti'psiin 

Family  '1—3  individuals  ■ 

liiif^ddanoff,  Nicoli,  husband 

Ho^ndaiiolV,  TJlota,  wife 

Iiii;;cjdaii()tl',  M ary,  .sister 

Family  4— 4  individuals; 

HiMirilukoltsky,  A|iiiIon,  Imsliaud  . 

JJouidukolVsky,  Cliinna,  wilV 

I'ourdiiK'oll'Hky,  IN'tur,  son 

lioiirduUiiilsky,  IMiUi.dauglitor  .. 
Family  5—4  individuals: 

Hiilfiiii,  Karp,  liiisliaiid 

nutiM'in.  I'arasci(iva,\vifc 

Sod  irk,  Constant  iiii',  sou 

Scdick,  Zolior.  or])liaii 

Family  0-5  individuals: 

Eiiianiill',  Goorf^o,  liuslmnd 

Emanoir,  Catlirrinc,  wife 

Kiiiaiiof)'.  Mary,  danglitcr 

KinanolV.  John,  son 

Koznil  zoir,  .John,  or|dian 

Family  7—5  individuals: 

Frails,  John,  husband 

Fratis,  Aukolena,  wife 


67 
41 

lili 

;!0 


•27 
■■'A 
12 
Hi 

2a 

27 
10 

JO 

111) 

14 
» 

40 

58 

0 

8 


20 
\} 

17 

48 
20 


a  Moiitba, 


Family  7—5  individuals— Conliiiu 

Fiatis.  .Viri'ilina,  dauf;Iili'i' 

Fratis,.!cdiM.  sfui 

Fnitis,  .SiiiK.i'ii,  son 

Family  8—3  inilividnals: 

(aololl'.,rii)in.  busbiind 

IllnldlV.  .\v(lotia,\vilo 

(J  lot  III)',  .Miiiy,  niollier 

Family  !)— :i  iiidividiuils: 

(inpinolV,  Xiciili,  hu.sband 

tiniiiioll'.  Oulciia,  wile 

Si'dirl<.  Kli/.ali»;tii,  orphan 

Family  10-  '2  individuals: 

GiiiiixliiMH'tV  Alex,  husb;uul 

("labixtioni'll.  Al:ii'th:i,  wil'o 

F;iinily  11 — 1  indi\'i(lual: 

Ihinsen    \!('x,  bachelor 

F.iiiiily  12-1;  iiiiiiv  idiials: 

Koclioi)ten,.loliii,  hnsband 

Ki>(lH)iilon,^ria  iiia,  wife 

Family  Kl — 7  individuals: 

Ivdtliooten,  .lake,  hnsband , 

Ktiebootcn.  Ferronia,  wile 

l<oeli(ioten.  l'Iel:i.  daughter 

ICeelMioleii,  ICIIen.  daujihter 

Koehoolen.  Tbeodoie,  son 

Keehooten,  l''arian,  son 

ijOiloshinkolt',  Natalia,  stopdau;;!:! 
Family  14— 3  individuals: 

KiKichooten,  ICupheme,  bnsbanii  .. 

Kooehooten,  Pefof^ia,  wife 

Koochootun,  Trepan,  orphan 


2 
7 

20 

m 
ou 

20 

21 

6 

22 
22 

36 

23 
19 

42 

;i» 

18 
0 
6 
1 

14 

60 

43 

7 


Fan 


ALASKA   INDUSTIME8. 


463 


ExiiiiUT  A. — Census  of  nul'icv  inliabilants  of  67.  Paul  hlaud,  Junv  SO,  1894 — Continued, 


Naiuu  and  rolatiunsliip. 


Af,'e. 


!A^e. 


2 

7 
all 

20 
10 
CU 

-" 

'Jl 

5 

I    22 
I     22 

!     36 

I    2:. 
I    lit 

42 

IH 

» 
ft 
1 

14 

60 

43 

7 


l-'iiii 


Fiuiiily  15 — 0  iiiiliviiliiicl.s: 

KozdrotV.  tSli'piiii,  liiiMli.-iiiil 

KwAiioiY,  AiiiiKljisi:i,  wilt' 

Kozt'M)tr,  Vvaiirlly.  sun 

Ivoziiolf.  Siii'iiduli,  daimlili'i' 

Ko/i'i'iilV,  .\lc-,\aiidiii,d:ni;;lili  T. .. 

Nozikiiil',  Sliiioiiii.  hI«|is()ii 

I'liniilv  1(1—2  iiidh  iilMiN: 

lli'ileniir,  I'aul.  1iiislian<l 

11  ale  11)11'.  Auriliiia,  wito 

l''aniilv  17—1  indiviiiiialM : 

Kiiikoll',  Nicdii,  liuHhand 

Knikdil',  (.'atliiriiii',  wH'o 

Kniknil',  Mttr()]t;iii.  hum 

K  I'll  K  nir,  Oust  I'll  ia,  ilaii^rlitcr 

>ily  18     1  iiMli\  idiialM: 

Ivi  iikolV,  Maxiiiic.  Inisliaiid 

KnikolV,  Fi'iitosla.  '-^  il'f 

Ivnikull',  Jnliii,  Hiiii 

KniUotr,  O'liiidial,  Hull 

Kninilv  l'.»— 5  individiialH: 

Kiisliiii,  A;.'nie,  liiisljaiid 

Kiisliiii,  Man-,  wilr 

K'usliin,  Liiki'iia.  daiif;litoi' 

ICusliiii,  Micliaol.HOii 

Kiisliiii,  Nestdr,  Kraiidsuii 

Kaaiily  20  -fj  indiviiliial-^: 

Maialrpf^an,  -Nciiii,  liiixliaiid 

Maiidrc^iiin,  Mar>",  v.  \i\' 

.Maiidi'O^ian,  Mai''\ ,  daiiuiitiT 

Maiidri');aii,  /nya,  ilaii;;l;t('i'    

Jlandri'ifiiii,  Ijciiki'iily,  son 

Family  21— ;i  individuals: 

Mi'nnliir,  Alex,  liUBliand 

Mi'ri  iililV,  Agiilira,  wil'o 

jMiti  iilill',  I'liiil,  lii'ollier 

Fainily  :."„*  -  fi  iiidividiialH; 

Mt'iivid'iv,  Anion.  wiilowtT 

Mnli-.  idov.  Alexandra,  danjilili-i'  . 

Alolividov,  OlKa.daiif;liti')' 

Midividov.  Mania,  claiit;hti-i' 

Midividov,  AlrNandia,  niotiior  ... 
Family  2-i — 3  Individuals: 

Mclividov,  Ali'X,  liiishaiid 

Jlelividov,  Salome,  ^il'o 

Mulividov,  Antiin,.siin 

Fainily  21— :i  individual.'*: 

.Mclividov,  Simoon,  liiisliand 

^Ieli\'idov.  Altjxandr.i,  w\i'f 

Mi'lnidov,  Marjiaiel.  dauKliti'r  . . 
Family  25—4  individii::!s: 

Ncdcrazoir,  Sti'pan,  liiiHliand 

Nodi  razoir,  Alt'xaminv,  wilb 

Ncdcraziiir,  Mary,  iiiwo 

Stopotl',  Wekota,  or|)lian 

Family  2(1—4  individuals: 

Nederazoll',  Martin.  liiiHband 

Nodi'i'azolT,  Catlu'rino,  wil'o 


Shane,  Mary,  .sleiidaiiflliter  . 
Slinne,  Parascovia.  orphan  . 


Family  27 — 5  individual.s; 

Ou.stegoir  I'olor,  luialiand 

Oii.stiigolt'.  I'aniscovia,  wil'u 

Oiislogoll',  Neil,  son 

OiiHlefTotr.  Stepanda,  mother 

Sha  i.suika  II',  ( J(?org('.  ori»iia  n 

Family  28—4  individuals: 

I'ankafl',  I'arliri.  hn.slamd 

rankall,  Olga,  wile 

P;iiik all',  Vlasia.  son 

I'ankafl',  Vorara,  liauyhtor 

Family  2i.l— 2  iiidividualH; 

raraiicliin,  Daniel.  Iiiisli:ind 

I'araiichln,  Klexandria,  wile 

Family  30—2  individuals: 

Shaisnikoir,  Paul,  Imcholor 

Shaisnikoll',  Valerian,  nephew 

Family  31—4  iudividiialH; 

Shabolin.  Neuon,  Imshand 

Sliabolin.  Ti'cla,  wife 

Shaboliu,  Agriflna.  daughter 

Sbaboliu,  ApoUunnria,  daughter  . . 


41 

42 
4 
3 
1 

17 

42 
52 

43 

33 

U 

3 

37 

2rl 

12 

i 

48 

38 

17 

<) 

1 

30 

31 

'.) 

7 

3 

1« 
17 
4 

38 
12 

8 
6 

58 

19 
111 
afi 


27 
2 

30 

31 

U 

3 

30 

.1(1 

14 

7 

30 

20 

3 

sn 
11 


31 
5 
2 

35 
32 

58 
14 

27 

24 

5 

a  5) 


Family  .32-9  individuals: 

Sediik, Tlii'odori',  liiishaiid 

Sedii'k.  Mai  ha,  wile 

Sfdii'k.  Auiislaxia,  datigliler 

Sediok,  Mary,daiiKhler 

S(:di('k,  YiisU:nia.  daii),'liti'r 

Sediok.  jMatruun.  ilaii;;liU'r 

Sediok.  Innkontk. son 

Sediok,  Anna, dan ;ili tor 

SeilicU,  I'liilip,  nopliow 

Fainily  33—5  iiidiviitiials: 

.Sod nil.  Vassily,  liiisliand 

Sodnli,  Klizalioth.  wil'o 

.S  dull,  Vora.rianglitor 

Mazi  kail,  Mary,  iirjihaii 

llazi'kan.  Ivaii,  sun 

Family  31—3  indi\'idnals: 

Slopotin.  lloioray,  liiisbanil 

Slopetiii,  Vassa,  wil'o 

Si  Opel  in,  Vassily,  sou 

Family  35--4  iiuliviiliials: 

Slopotin,  Khiry,  husband 

Slepotin,  Anna,  wiTo 

Slopelin,  Oulena,  daiif;litor 

St  op, tin.  I'arla.  daiiglitor 

Family  30  -0  individuals: 

Ti'rrakanoll',  Korriok.  husband 

TorrakaiiotI'.  Anna,  wil'o 

Shane.  Klary,  orplian 

Nodorazoll',  Agriliua 

Noilorazoil',  Alexia 

iS'oderazoir,  Mary 

Family  37—3  indivii'liiala; 

Totoir,  I'otor,  hiiHband 

Tetoir.  Mary,  wil'o 

Tetoll,  Alexandra,  si-itor 

Family  38  -4  individuals: 

'I'otoll.  Neon,  husband 

Tel  oil'.  AjL;rilina.  wil'o 

Totoll',  Zaher,  bmllior 

'J'otoIV,  Siinoen,  son 

Family  3!)— 7  individiii-.ls; 

VolUolV,  Market,  husband 

VolkolV,  Alexandra,  wil''; 

Volkoir,  Teron.son 

\'(ilk-i)II'.  Aroi'a,  son 

\'(dkoli',  Kllen  sister 

K  iiohin.  Mouvrii,  orphan 

Merciilitr,  John,  or|>lian 

Family  40 — 5  individuals: 

llosoll',  Nieoli,  husband 

Iteseff,  Marina,  wife 

Keseff.  Olga,  daughter 

IgnaticIT,  Anna,  orphan 

(litetr,  il.iry,  orphan 

Family  41—1  individual : 

lii'lIaglozatV,  Kllen,  widow 

Family  42—3  indiviiliials: 

Kosboriiikoll'.  Ardita,  widow 

ICoshernikolF,  Paul,  son 

Moroiilitl',  Martin,  orplian  

Fainily  43— 1  individual: 

Ivriikotf,  Anna,  widow 

Family  44—2  individuals; 

KrukofF,  Natalie,  widow 

ICrukoH',  Jolm,  son 

Family  45-3  individuals: 

Balakshin,  Matrona,  widow 

Shonoslinikdfl'.  I'ara.sooria,  nr])har. 

KooKorishnikoft',  Stepan,  orphan  .. 
Fainily  40—4  individuals: 

Kozlatt',  Piirasooria,  widow 

Kozlaff,  Miohnel,  son 

Kozlatl,  Niooli.  son 

Kozlaff,  Anton,  son 

Family  47—2  individuals: 

Sercbrinkott',  Olsa,  widow 

SorebrinkolV,  Kipaemer,  son 

Family  48-3  individuals; 

PopoH,  Ardotia,  widow 

Pojiulf,  Krasania,  daughttr 

Habakslin,  Anna,  daughter 


■I(i 
30 

\>^ 
ft 

1 
3 

15 

51 


13 
21 

3 

23 

20 

1 

30 

23 

4 


40 

34 

4 

25 

I 

I 

20 
33 
15 

24 

19 

14 

1 

48 

40 

2 

«8 

411 

13 

0 

64 
57 
21 
15 
14 

58 

33 
10 
U 

28 

41 

13 

41 

27 


35 

'1  ■^ 
.    aB 

!'o?5 

.j  34 
.  4 
'        S 


«  Montiit, 


^164  ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 

Exhibit  A. — Census  of  itatit'e  inhabitunta  of  St,  Paul  lalund,  June  30, 1S04 — Contiim«d« 


Kaiue  and  relntioiiBlilp. 

Age. 

Name  and  relntlojiHlilp. 

Ago. 

Family  40— 1  indivldiml : 

;)4 

i  Family  S3— ^  iTimvldiinls: 

50 

Faniflv  50—2  inilividiialH: 

■18 
13 

28 
» 
4 

60 

KoocliDDti'P,  Klinii,  daiii'liliT 

'JO 

Poiiotr,  A OiiiiiMi)!  wi^'nw  ...  ■••  •• 

Sliutt  Vtij^iii  Diti'in  orphan      

FiMiilly  51 — 1  iiKlividiiulH; 

an 

8 

liokoriHhiiiUoir,  Aiiiiii,  (laiightor 

Uoknrisliiiik(»tV.  ParaMcoriii,  daugliitT  . . . 
Family  52—1  individual : 

Kozaiizot}',  Anna,  widow  ....•......•,.,, 

6 

Kt'C'liiircrio,  (IcorKe,  Hon    

10 

Family  55—2  iudivldiialH: 

'i'arreiilora,  Anna,  widow 

74 

41 

RECAPITULATION. 


Families 

Native  inliabilania  . 

Fomnlfi  iiiliabUanlH. 
Male  inhabitants  ... 


Foniab^rt  in  ('.';<•('««  (if  nialoH. 


55 
190 


no 

80 


24 
Male  adults |    42 


Males  between  5  and  17  years  . . 

Males  nnder  5  years 

I'l'inalo  adults 

l''«nialeH  briwocn  .'')  and  17  years 

I'Vinales  iiudur  5  years 

Marriages 

liirllia  

Deatlis 


23 

21 

70 

25 

15 

4 

0 

7 


Orphan  children  at  Unalaslca  school. 

Age. 

Sedick,  Arotin 1,1 

Kriikaff,  Lukaria 17 

Koinitzoli',  Atjatia 10 

MoroulilV.  Lnboir 18 

Granatl',  Anastasia 10 

ZacbarolV,  Feodosia 15 

Zatzmanatl',  Auxenia 13 

Frati»,.Iohn 12 

Kesident  native  population 190 

Number  of  native  cbiUlnii  absent  at  seliool 8 

Total  population 204 


'iXmmr  B. — Censits  of  St,  George  Island,  June  SO,  1S94, 


Name  and  rulation.sbip. 


Galanin,  Ocalcua,  widow 

Galaniu,  Hvan,  son 

Galanin,  Pari'eri,  Iiusband 

Galanin,  Fevronla,  wife 

Gorokoij',  Corneil,  husband 

Gorokofl",  Katrina,  wife 

Galan  in,  Alexander,  adojitcd  son 

Kulikuloff,  Evan,  husband 

KulikuloiT,  Barbara,  wife 

Zacbarolf,  Emanuel 

Lekauoft',  Stepan,  husband 

Lekanotf,  Pelegia,  wife 

LokanotV,  Anatolo,  son , 

Lekanotf,  Sergius.  son 

Lekanotf.  Sarah,  daughter 

LestenkolT,  Bemetri,  widower 

Lestenkotr,  Anna,  daughter 

■'ixerculotf,  Mark 

LestenkolT,  Kev.  Innokenty,  priest 

Lestenkoff,  Elizabeth,  wife 

Lest«Dkoff,  Mary,  daughter 

Lestenkoff,  Michael,  son 

Lestenkolf,  Sarah,  daughter 

Malavansky,  Nicoli,  bachelor,  but  head  of 

family 

Malavansky,  Kcpsoniia.  sister 

Malavansky,  Wan  a,  sister 


Age. 


31 
12 
21 
17 

37 
39 

8 
48 
40 
14 
25 
25 

4 

2 

a  10 

31 

7 

0 
04 
6U 
25 
22 
18 

29 
34 
19 

a  Months. 


Name  and  relationship. 


Miuavansky,  Stcpineda,  daughter  of  Rep- 
semia 

Malavansky,  Peter,  son  of  Ropseniia '. 

Meualotf,  .Joseph,  son  of  Fevrouia,  but  head 
of  fan\ily 

Menalolf ,  Fevronia,  widow 

Menalolf,  George,  son  of  Fevronia 

Menalolf,  Helena,  daughter  of  Fevronia 

Mei'alotr,  iTohn,  son  of  Fevronia 

Mftnalotf,  Martha,  daughter  of  Fevronia 

Ncderazofl',  Nicoli,  son  of  Eo^enia,  head  of 
family 

Nederazotf,  Eogenia,  widow 

NederazoCf,  Maliuia,  daughter 

Nederazotf,  Isador,  son 

Oustcgotf,  Alxia,  husband 

Oustegoif,  Martha,  wife 

Oustegotf,  Alxandra,  daughter 

Oustegoif,  Simon,  liusbanu 

OuHtcgoff,  Mary,  wife 

Pliiliinonolf,  Adrian,  husband 

Phil  imonofi',  Parascovia,  wife 

Philimonotf.  rv<ii:g;i.M  daughter 

PhilimoDOif,  Andronic,  husband 

Philimo  lotf,  Zenovia,  wife 

Philimonotl,  Marina,  daughter 

Fhilimonotr,  Mary,  daughter 


Age. 


15 
6 

22 

40 

20 

9 

4 

1 

10 
40 
20 

3 
44 
24 

1 
30 
18 
27 
30 

6 
27 
28 

4 

I 


50 

2:1 

3« 
8 

e 

10 

74 
41 


23 

21 

70 

25 

15 

4 

9 

7 


Age. 

...  13 

...  17 

...  10 

. ..  18 

...  10 

...  15 

...  13 

...  12 

...  190 
...   8 


Age. 

J- 

15 

• 

6 

A 

22 

40 

... 

20 
0 

4 
1 

10 
40 
20 

3 

44 
24 

1 
30 
18 
27 
30 

6 
27 
28 

4 

t 


ALASKA    INDrRTKIES. 


ExniiiiT  li. —Cen«i(«  0/  St.  Geonje  Inland,  June  30,  i59<— Coutimied. 


465 


Name  and  rclutionsliip. 


PlillinioniilT,  I,c>ontn,  ilauylityi' 

Pliiliiiioiiiiir,  KolV,  liiiHlmml 

I'liiliiiiunuir,  Ok'lu.  wilV 

Philiinniiofl',  (in't'Diy,  hi>u 

I'liiliiiKiiiulf,  Kdgriii'a,  daiiKl'tiT 

I'll  ill  iiiiHioir,  UuiiKitri.  H(in 

OiiMlcj'.jir.  Knroxlii,  Rii'iKliiughter 

Oiisli'^i ill'.  Michiiul,  Ht<ti>H(>u 

Oiint)i;;ul]',  KuHMniiK,  Ht('|>(laiigbter 

Prdkojieoff,  Peter,  hiiHliiind 

Pi'oUo|HM)ll'  Htcpined.i,  wife 

PnikdpiKdT.  Aiimiumi.T.  Iirotlier  of  Pelor  . 

I{ezaii7,ull,  KediiMia,  widow 

Eezanzod,  Iiiiiokmit.v.  Him  of  KudoHla 

SezanznU',  Suri'tlim,  };ntiiddauglit>:r  of  F 

donia 

Ke7.a117.nil',  I'dter,  bii8linnd 

ItezaiizolT,  Matrdna,  wild 

Ko'/.iiiizotf,  Tatiaiia,  datighti^r 

Shaiio,  liaieHa,  widow 

Shane,  (Jleta,  daughter 


Age. 


Kanid  and  relatiouHliip, 


a3 
52 
32 
21 
20 

8 
U 

i) 

7 
20 
17 
1(J 
50 
10 

7 
48  ,: 
52  { 
10 
42 
25 


Shane,  MlrhRcLnon 

Mrnaldll',  .Stcniiii , 

.Meiiiilnl)',  Xediiilii,  at  ITn.ilaxka  acliiiol 

Swctzotf,  KiiHlli:>',hnHliiiiul 

Swetzdll'.  Christ iaiia,  w i le 

.Swctzdll',  (irojidry.Bdn  ...  

HwctzofV,  I'dlixiiia 

SwotZdir,  Paul,  Hun 

Monaloll',  Kvon,  son  of  Wiis»ali'.><a.  hind  of 

family 

MniialofT,  Wassalesa,  widow 

Mcnaldlf,  Alexandra,  daiiglitdr 

Miiniihill',  Nicoli,Hdn 

Mi-naldtr,  Kiiilokiii,  daii^iitor 

Menaloir.  Hdlen.daiinhli'r 

I'liillinoniitf,  N'iunrn,  hiinliaud 

Huzanr.olf,  Kiidokia,  wild 

Huzanzoff,  InniiUontv,  Hdii 

Kiiznuzon'.  Feddsia,  daiidli tiT 

KuzanzdlT,  Ziiia,  daiightiT 

Iviizaiizdil',  JdHejih,  .sou 


Age. 


27 
4 
14 

43 

37 

8 

35 

a 

17 
42 
16 
13 
10 

7 
44 
21 
19 
13 

2 
a6 


Halea,  42;  feuialeH,  48— total,  00. 


a  Months. 
Birth  rrconl. 


Date. 


Jnlv  8, 1893 
Aiiir.  30, 1803 
Feb.  4,  1801 
May     6,  lb94 


Name. 


Sex. 


Martha !  F.. 

Sarah  F  . . 

.lii.st'])li M.. 

Leouta '  F.. 


'Kame  of  parents. 


Fovronia  MeroiilofV,  mother. 
Stdjiaii  anil  I'dloniu  I.i^kanotf. 
Simi'oii  and  Ivulnkia  riiilinidiintr, 
Audrouic  and  Zeiiovia  I'luliiminoS'. 


Mortality  record. 

Date. 

Name. 

Age. 

Sex. 
M... 

Cause. 

Name  of  pnrentn. 

Dec.   14, 1804 

Simeon  I'hilimnnoft' 

A rkent.v  Nedenizoff 

Helena  'LesteukoU' 

2 
42 
29 

ilan     18  181)4 

M 

May  14,1804 

F  ... 

Consumption . 

Daiiyhter  of  Kov.  lunnkouty. 

Marriage  record. 


Date. 

Contracting  parties. 

Keinarks. 

Sept.    8,1893 
Nov    19,  1893 

At  St.  Panl. 

Peter  I'Tdkojicdfl'  and  Stppmoda  MiTculofl' 

Nov.  22, 1893 

Parfuri  Galanin  and  Fovronia  SwctzoQ' 

J.  E.  Ziebach,  Assistant  Treasury  Agent. 


Exhibit  C. — Ueport  of  St.  Paul  Island  school. 

St.  Paul  Island  School,  August  15, 1894. 
Dear  Sin:  I  herewith  submit  to  you  thii  folio wiug  statement  of  time  of  tuition 
and  Htiidy  tbrougliout  the  (,'ight  school  months: 

Xine  o'clock  a.  m. — (Jallinj;-  the  roll,  5  minutes;  time  for  study,  25  minutes  (slate 
work);  arithmetic,  30  luinutos;  aljihaUet,  20  minutes;  sptlliug)  20miuute.s;  recess, 
20!iinutes;  Fourth  Keader,  25  minutes ;  Third  Reader  (class  1),  20  minutes;  primer, 
15  aiiniitcs. 

One  o'clock  p.  m. — Third  Reader  (class  2),  20  minutes;  Second  Reader,  20  minutes ; 
First  Reader,  20  minutes;  alphabet,  15  minutes. 

Monday  and  Wednesday,  };eop;rai)hy ;  Tuesday  and  Thursday,  pomnunship ;  Friday, 
United  States  History.  The  foregoing  subjects  are  taught  thirty-live  minutes  each 
day,  respectively. 

Yours,  respectfully,  B.  Mklovidov. 

Mp,  J.  B.  Crowley, 

Special  United  State*  Treasury  Agent. 


H.  Doc.  92- 


-30 


466 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


licimrt  of  St.  Paul  Inland  school  for  the  flrit  term,  1899, 

St.  Paul  Isi.ani>,  Alahka,  Deiemher  SI,  ISOS. 
Draii  Sir:  The  followinjj  is  a  rojxnt  of  St.  Piiiil  IhIiuuI  mbool  for  the  IJiBt  torin, 
i'i)iiim<>ui'iiig  Sc)itfinlioi'  -l,  \H%\,  aud  eiuliiig  Doceniber  21!,  18113, 


19 

20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
20 
27 
28 
20 
30 
31 
32 
S3 
84 
35 
36 
87 
88 


Xaiiio. 


J'.i'iji. 


Peter  BourdiikofHUy 

fJoliii  l''ratiB 

Tiefun  KotclHMtli'ii 

I'aiil  KoHlieoniUol' 

Michael  Kozlof 

MiiOiael  Kasliin 

Motrol'uu  Kriikof 

John  Kriikol(l) 

John  Kruki)l(2) 

John  MeiTiilief 

Marlin  Meiciilief 

Stopau  lCooko\  i.HhniUot' 

Inniikrnty  Scdiik 

Zacli.ir  SoiUok 

Ciinstantinc  Si'iiii  k 

Valmian  ShMi«hiiikiit' . . 

G<'or;;o  ShaiHliiiikof 

Znohar  Tcliil' 


■e-z 

5.0 


15  a    "  B 

I  in 

5       i  s  «  n 


72 

72 

72 

72 

72 

72 

72 

72 

72 

72 

72 

72 

71  I 

72 

04 

7L 

72 

72 


IlraucIiuH  uf  study  (iiirM  II  vd. 


.a 

•c 

Z  a 

i  o  fl 

■S 


a    E"  • 


I     12^=5 


0 
0 

u 

2 
1 
0 
0 
1 
U 
1 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0  ' 

1  ! 


tC  I    be 

.9  '  S 

"^  't 


Total. 


OilU. 

Anna  Halakshlii 

Oulcta  liouriliiUoisky . . 
Cluvilin  Ualaktidniil  — 

Ellen  Kotchootcu 

llavra  KuMliin 

Nalaliii  Locloshiiikof. .. 

llaiv  Manilre^'UU 

Zoo  Slaiulrc^aii    

Alexandra  Miilovidof  . . 

OlRn  Mi'loviilot' 

Mary  Melovidof 

Mary  N'edarpznf 

Anna  KooUovishniUof. . 

Vera  Scdulco 

Klizabpth  Sedick 

Mary  Sediuk 

Mary  Shani> 

Dari'a  Shiity:i;;an 

IreuaTetol 

Soii'iia  Telol 


Tot4il. 


Grand  total . 


181 

287 

9 

9  1 

9 

69 

3 

0 

9 

72 

0 

0 

14 

72 

0 

0 

9 

72 

0 

u 

13 

73 

0 

0 

14 

70 

2 

I 

» 

72 

0 

1 

7 

59 

13 

0 

12 

72 

0 

0 

K 

72 

0 

0 

« 

72 

0 

0 

1   11 

72 

0 

1 

9 

72 

0 

0 

13 

67 

6 

0 

0 

72 

0 

1 

6 

72 

0 

0 

14 

70 

2 

0 

13 

72 

0 

0 

8 

72 

0 

0 

0 

72 

0 

0 

1!10 

1,415 

25 

10 

377 

2,702 

34 

19 

a     a     2 
:c   ^    fe 


2 
2 

'^  I 

2  I 


2     16      16  I  18 


14  '  20 
30  i  38 


10 


•> 

2 

1 

.... 

'1 

1 

1 



1 

■ «  > . 

1 

n 

2 

1 

.... 

14 

30  I     12 


GKNKRAI.  srMMAUY. 

Number  of  pupils  enrolled  (males,  18;  females,  20) 38 

Average  daily  nttendance STji 

Average  daily  ab.sence 17 

Average  per  cent  of  attendance !)9 

Number  of  cases  of  tardiness 19 

Average  age  of  pni)ils 91  i 

Number  weeks  of  school 14| 

Number  days  of  school 72 

Names  of  text-books  tised:  McGufl'ey's  Primer;  McOiiffey's  First  I'eader;  McOnf- 
fey's  Second  Header;  McGutl'oy's  Third  Reader;  Mc(iuflby'8  Fourth  Reader;  Robin- 
son's Arithmetic;  Cornell's  Geography;  Scribuer's  Copy-book. 

Simeon  A.  Melovidov,  Teacher. 
Mr.  T.  K.  Adam.s, 

United  Stales  Treasury  Agent, 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIKS. 


467 


ed. 


■■.',■ 

1 

2 

2 

1 

■  ■ 

2 

1 

1 

1 
1 

.... 

1 

1 

*) 

2 

1 

. . .. 

1 

. ... 

14 

■ 
7 

30 

12 

Report  of  Si.  Paul  Island  nchoolfor  the  second  term,  1894. 

St.  Paul  Ihi.ank,  Ai.ahka,  April  SO,  1894. 
Mr.  T.  E.  Adams,  Vnited  Stales  lyeanurn  .lijent: 

Thi^  lollou  iii<.;  in  ii  ri'ixirt  ol'St.  I'linl  InIiiimIbuIiouI  for  tbu  sucuuil  term,  comiueiioiiig 
Janiisiiy  IT),  IM'JI,  and  tMidiiiH;  April  ;iO,  IM'Jl: 


23 
21 
i.i 

2li 
27 
2« 
2!» 
30 
Rl 
32 
33 
34 

;«•> 

30 
37 
HH 
39 
40 
41 
42 


Kaiiie. 


Jlui/I. 

I'littT  Itoiirilnkofiik.v 

Jdliii  Ki'iitiH 

(irorKf  Kot(liiT;;iiii 

Tirliiii  Kiil('lii"it('ii 

I'alll  KiiHliciiiiikoI' 

Mlc'liiu'l  Kozlipf 

^li(:lllll'l  Kiisliiii 

Mi'tnil'iiii  Kriikiif 

Jciliii  Kinknl  (M) 

.lolin  Krukcif  (N) 

.lolili  iMcrciiliif 

Martin  Mer<!iiliel' 

SiiiKMiii  N'dzikiif 

Sli'iifiii  liddkcivisliinikiif. 

Jolm  Slr|i('lin 

I'liilipS.click 

I  niiuktMiti  Si'dick 

/wliiir  .SiMlick 

CuiiHlaiit ill  SiMlick 

ValcTian  SliaiKliiiikcif  ... 

tieni'frc  SlioiHliiiikiit' 

Ziiclmr  Tetof 


Total. 


(lirtt. 

Anna  IlalakHhiii 

( liilular  ISi>iii'iIiik(irHky  . . 

I^'liivdia  OalakHoiiul' 

mioii  Ivclc^liodteii 

Mavra  Iviisiiiii 

Natalia  l.odoHliiiiknr . . . . 

.Marv  Maiidn'caii 

Zo<!  Maiidirpin 

Alvxunilin  Moloviilnt' . . . 

()!(;»  Midiividcit' 

Mary  Milovidof 

Mary  NiMlarrzof 

Anna  Itoiikuviriliiiikiit'. .. 

\cni  Sciliilii' 

Klizalictli  Scdiek 

.Mary  SMlirk 

Mary  Sliaiif 

Darin  Sliiilya};aii 

Iri'iia  Tcliii 

Sopliia 'Ictdf 


■I'olal. 


Uratitl  tutal  . 


•1 


16 

8 

10 

8 

II 

8 

10 

10 

U 

13 

10 

12 

18 

13 

10 

17 

0 

0 

7 

IS 

12 

15 


^1 

a 


70 
70 

08 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
70 
08 
70 

vo 

70 


206 
10 

10 

If) 
10 
14  ! 
15 
10 

8 
13 

0 

7 
12 
10 
14 

7 

7 
15 
14 

9 

7 


1,630 


210    1,38« 
482^  2,  925 


s 


BranclutH  of  Htudy 
purHued. 


2  i 

2  I 

'<! 

2 
2 
2 
2 


■9.  rC 


1.2 


2 

1 

2 

2 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

11 


15 


11 

22 

0 

2 

0 

2  1 

3 

1 

1 

0 

2 

1 

2 

0 

2 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

2 

0 

1 

0 

*> 

0 

2 

X 
2 
1 
1 
1 

ii 
?; 

2  I 
2  I 

V 

I  I 

I I 

2 

1  I 
1 

2  i 

ii 


22  i  22  I    it 


2         1 


5  i  20  i  20  I  20     20       7 


10     42  I  42     42  i  42  I  16 


I  42     42  I  42  I  16  I 


(iK.NKliAT,   8UMMAUY. 

Ntiinber  of  pupils  enrolled  (iiiiili>s,  22;  females,  20j 42 

AvtjriiK"'  daily  atteiidaiieo 41?8 

Averiif{()  daily  aliseiiceH 21 

Avorane  per  cent  of  attendaiico 99 

Number  of  case.s  of  tardiness 16 

Average  aj{o  of  jjiijiils Hi 

Nmnber  weekrt  of  st'hool 14 

Number  days  of  school 70 

Names  of  text-books  used:  McGutfey'8  Fourth  Reader,  MeGufi'ey's  Third  Reader, 
McGuffey's  Second  Header,  McGutVey's  First  Reader,  McGuffey's  Primer,  MeGufi'ey's 
Spellers,  Roliinsou's  Arithmetics,  C'ornell's  Geoi^raphy,  United  States  History, 
Paysou,  Duuton  aiid  Scribuer's  copy  books. 

Simeon  A.  Melovidov,  Tearhw. 


468 


ALASKA    INDUSTUIE8. 


ExiiiniT  D.- 


-Annual  Htutement  of  fur  nmh  killed  on  St,  Paul  Island,  Alaiika,  iurlngtht 
year  emlal  Aujiust  7,  1804. 


Kuokury. 

NiiiiilirrolHi  at.i 
killi'd  Ini'  na- 
tivtm'  tbiid. 

Nmiilier  111'    i'IiIh  IUIUmI  hy 

ll'HHIM'H  I'lH   MkillH. 

AffiifUate. 

Date. 

w 

a 

B 

1 

! 

87 
104 

2 

& 

4 

1. 
p.? 

if. 

■0 

*  J. 

t 

i 
I 

u 

< 

Hejei 

N 

« 

a 

ted. 

5 

1. 

i 

1 

a 

i 

'i 

C 

■3 

II 

1^ 

1H04. 
Miiv     0 
23 

Sea  Lion  Rook 

87 
104 

4 

140 

2 
B 

4 

TolHtoi  ftiid  Kool' 

24 

Watchiuou,  Nortlii'iiHt 
I'oliit  

,11 

1 

Jiiiii'    2 

Wiitiihinen,  Nortlii'iiHt 
I'oliit 

10 

Wiitchnicn.Smitlnvost  liny 

Watrlimen,  North oaHt 

Point 

13 

14 

Hocf     

i,2ii 

•> 

4 

i,2i5 

511 
850 

2 

558 

007 
1 

800 

017 

522 
2 

251 

5 

044 

1,177 

<) 

37i) 

i,2ii 

2 

530 
840 

2 

B53 

2 

0.50 

1 

852 

005 

610 

2 

240 

4 

...... 

""•2 
4 

...„. 

'"'k' 

17 

12 

0 

...... 

1,215 
2 

16 

Wati'limin,  Southwmt  liiiv 
ToJHtoi  and  Middle  Hill  .. 

10 

53!  P 
81fi 

fi 

..... 

64 1 

23 

850 

20 

\V  II  (ill  in  0  n ,  Noitlieaul 
Point  

553 

2 

050 

1 

85" 

2 

25 

6 

658 

27 

\V  a  1 1!  h  in  0  n  ,  Nortlii'nst 
I'liint 

2 

July    2 
2 

/oltoi    

8 

067 

Watchnii'Ii,  SnutliwcMt  li.iy 

NorllnaBt  Point  (soutii 

fli(le) 

1 

4 

17 

809 

6 

Northcnit  Point  (north 
Hide) 

0115         12 
5111           II 

017 

6 

Half  Way  Point 

522 

7 

Wtttchnu'n,  Koiithwcst  liny 

2 

13 

240 

5 

033 

r.   ' 

251 

14 

Watchmen,  Northeast 
Point 

1 
5    

6 

17 

11 

933 

1,171 

2 

■An-) 

11 
6 

8 
0 

9 

4 

944 

21 

Kr™! :::::::::"::::::::;::: 

1,171  1        H 

1,177 
2 

23 

Walclimoii,  SouthwcHtliay 

Northeast    Point  (Band 

heach) 

2 

302 

23 

a 

370 

24 

Northeast  Point  (north 
and  oast  sides) 

1 
1. 010          '•> 

1,025      1,016 

010         001 
154         150 

1,025 

26 

Northeast  Point  (south 
side) 

001 

0 
<l 

010 

30 

Middle  Hill . 

150 

154 

Aug.    1 

Ualf  Way  Point 287 

ywi 

3 
3 

Keef 272     2li!» 

; 

4 

1 

■     '   '          •    ■-. 

Total 

010 

003 

7     11,170       100 

1   11,286  111,  176 

110  111,286 

I  hereby  certify  that  all  Hkiu.s  herein  indicated  as  having  boeu  rejected  were  after- 
wards iicceiited  l)y  the  lessees  as  "rime  skiuu. 
October  8,  1894. 

Jos.   B.   CHUWI.IOY, 

Sjicciul  Treamiry  Jyent, 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


469 


B« 

■a  i3 

I' 

4'  'i,'2i5 

2 

2         841 
4         «S0 

2 

6         fi58 

2 

8        807 

1 

17        889 

12        917 

0        5'JJ 

2 

5         251 

S 

«     1,177 

8        370 

4        151 

Annual  Btatep\cnt  of  fur  neah  killed  oil  si.  Paul  IhUiiuI,  Ala»l:a,  from  October  £S  to 

lUremlwr  :10,  1SU4. 


Boukory. 

Niiniborol'  Hoaln  klllud  for  nntivea'  food. 

Onto. 

T,iirf(n 

yiiiiiiu 
aoalH. 

0 

00 

7 

82 

0 

173 

4 

208 

3 

IBM 

2r. 

SkinH 
ueci'iili^d 

by 
loHiuva. 

Hklim  rcjeotfid. 

"j'^rs.«„yJcat. 

Ififl3. 
Oct.    23 

Dv  Wfttoliinon  to  ilnto 

g 

eg 

7I> 

II 

Kov.   a 

/oltdi  

6 

lly  wat('liiii6ii  for  fuud 

7 

Af itiaie  II ill 

3 

14 

14 

Kiiif 

17(1 
4 

3    

20 

22 

I{«i.f 

207 

3 

175 

22 

1 

27 

27 

Ti.lMlllI 

13    

80 

3    

Totiil 

774  1            7BI 

10            3 

1 

I  liflrohy  certify  that  all  tin  >ral  Hkiiis  above  imlicatod  as  Laving  been  rejected 
were  iiftttrwiirilH  acooptod  by  tliu  lusHeeu  aB  prime  ttkiiiH. 
October  6,  18'J'l. 

JOSKPH  B.  Crowi.ky, 

Special  Trensiirii  Agent. 

I  hereby  certify  that  the  aboveisa  triio  and  correct  Btatement  of  fur  soalH  killed  on 
St.  I'aiil  IsLuid  diirliif;  tlu<  pci  iiid  named,  and  that  the  Nldas  of  tlio  same  have  beon 
salted  iu  tlto  North  Aiuericau  (Jomiuuroial  Cumpuny'a  Halt  houHO. 

Thomas  E.  Adams, 
Asiinlanl  S^iecial  Treanuin  Agent 


470 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


Exhibit  E. — Annual  siatement  of  fur  seals  killed  on  St.  George  Island,  Alaska,  during 

the  year  ended  Aui/ust  8,  ISOi. 


Eookery. 

Niinil 

wals 

for  n; 

fo 

M 

a 

a 

•  i 

« 

)Cr  of 
l<illed 
fives' 
i)d. 

Xunibcr  of 

soiils  killrd 

Ity  Irsset'H 

for  skins. 

-Aggregate. 

Bste. 

0) 

Accepted. 

1 

§ 
S  ■ 

00 

P 

IS 

03 

1 

CO 

a 
M 

St) 
1" 

a  X 

i    sJ 

18D3. 
Oct.    20 

North 

30 
77 

4 
47 

4 
38 

tl 

\ 
31 

30 

77 
4 

47 
4 

38 
9 
4 
1 

31 

23 

Zapadiiio 

25 

27 

Kast  and  jNortii 

Nov.    1 

North  and  Starry  Arteel 

...... 

7 

East 

8 

Zapadnio  'by  watehuieii) 

:::::::::::: 

14 

do ". 



: 

17 

North  and  Starry  Artcel 

i               

Total 

i 

245 

245 

245 



245 

North 

1894. 
May  23 
June    8 

40 
12B 

40 
120 

40 

do 

1''6 

June  15 

Zapadnio  (by  watclmion) 

3 

3 

*»9 

Great  Easti". 

820 

82B 

820 

20 

Zaiiadnio  (by  watchmen) 

3 

3 

July    2 

3 

Starry  Artcel 

4C« 

4(i8 

468 

Zapadnio  (by  wateliinon) 

4 

4 

0 

Zapadnio  ..'. 

303 
275 
181 
24!) 

303 
275 
181 
249 

303 

13 

275 

16 

21 

Nortfi 

249 

24 

Zapadnio  (by  watclimeii) 

3 

3 

26 

Zapadnio 

178 
152 

...... 

178 
152 

...... 

178 

Aue.    6 

LUtlo  Kast  and  North 

153 

•^     7 

Zapadnio  (by  watchmen) 

3 
3 

3 
3 

» 

do 

Total 

19 

19 

19 

19 

Grand  total 

3,062 

1 

3,003 





1 

Noi 
eig 


T 

the 
Sigi 


Di\ 

2( 

Fin 


Seci 


J.  £.  Ziebach,  Treasury  Agent. 


Thi 


Fou 


Ing 
the 
Am< 


ALASKA    INDU8TRIESI. 


471 


Exhibit  F. 

Island  or  St.  Georok, 
Bering  Sea,  Alaska,  AugmtiH,  1S94. 
This  is  to  certify  thivt  3,062  fur-seal  skins  have  tliis  day  been  shipped  on  board  the 
North  American  Coiiniiercial  Coiiipimy's  steainer  Lakme,  S.  lionilield,  master,  con- 
signed to  the  North  American  Commercial  Company,  Sau  Francisco,  Cal. 

Jacob  E.  Ziicbacii, 

Aasiatant  Treasury  Agent, 


— 

245 

40 
126 

., 

820 

468 

•• 

303 
275 
181 
249 

i' 

178 
163 

19 

r 

3,003 

Island  of  St.  Paul, 
Bering  Sea,  Alaska,  August  29,  1894, 
This  is  to  certify  that  12,969  fnr-seai  skins  have  this  day  been  shipped  on  board 
the  North  American  Commercial  Company's  steamer  Lakme,  S.  Bonifleld,  master,  con- 
signed to  the  North  American  Commercial  Company,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Jamks  Judgtc, 
Assistant  Treasury  Agent. 


«. 
ExBiniT  Q.— Division  money,  St.  George  Island,  1894. 

St.  Gkorge  Island,  August  9, 1894. 

Division  No.  5:  F-iivninss  of  natives  for  fifr-seal  skins  taken  since  October 
20,  189.3,  to  August  7,  1894,  both  inclusive,  3,062  skirw,  at  50  cents  e.<ch  .  $1,  531. 00 

First  class: 

Li'StenkofT,  Demetri  (chief) 125.44 

Lcsteukoft',  Rev.  Innokonty 75.  44 

SwetzolV,  Kustice  (8eco;id  chief) 100.44 

Philimonotr,  Koff 75.44 

Philimonoff,  Simeon 75.44 

Philimonoff,  Andrean 75. 44 

Onstegoff,  Alexia 75. 44 

Grokotr,  Cornell 75. 44 

MerculofF,  .loseph 75. 44 

Second  class: 

Malavansky,  Nicoli 60.35 

Rezanzoff,  Peter 60.35 

Philimonoff,  Andronic 60. 35 

Lekanoff,  Stepan 60.35 

Oustegoff,  Simeon 60. 35 

Galanin,  Parfori 60.35 

Lestenkoff,  Michael 60.35 

Prokopeoff,  Peter 60.35 

Third  class : 

Philimonoff,  Gregory 45.27 

Merculoff,  George 45. 27 

Kulilinloff,  Evan 45.27 

Eezan/.off,  Innokonty 45.27 

Nederazoff,  Nicoli 45. 27 

Fourth  class : 

Prokopeoff,  Aufanasia 22.63 

Merculoff,  Evan 22.63 

Philimonoff,  Innokenty 22.63 

Sr.  Ukouuk  Island,  August  9,  1804. 
We  hereby  certify  that  the  foregoing  is  a  true  copy  of  the  distribution  of  the  seal- 
ing fund  on  the  above-named  island,  and  that  the  respective  amounts  sot  opposite 
the  names  herein  have  been  credited  v,o  suoh  natives  on  the  pass  books  of  the  North 
American  Commercial  Company. 

Jos.  B.  Crowley, 

Special  Treasury  Agent. 
Dan'l  Wkhhtkr, 
Agent  North  Ameriran  Commercial  Company. 

D     ?iE8TENK()FF, 

Native  Chief. 


472 


ALASKA    INDUSTKIE8. 


Exhibit  ]l.—Diris,on  money,  St.  Pan!  Mand,  1S94, 

Division  No.  5:  Distribution  of  ODnininiiity  fund  derived  from  tlif  taliing 
of  fur-seal  sliiim  from  October  10,  WXi,  to  A«jj;u8t  \,  181tt,  12,830  soiil 
skins,  at  50  cents $6,415.00 

First  class : 

Bourdovoicofisky,  Apollon $164.57 

Buturin,  Kiirp . .'. 104. 57 

Gromolf,  Xicoli 104.57 

Kouhoott'ii,  .Jacob 164.57 

Kozoroff ,  Ktcpan 104.  57 

Krukotf,  Nicoli  101.57 

Knshin,  Aggie 161.57 

Mauilrcgin,  Nc'on 104. 57 

MelevoJov,  Anton 164. 57 

Nedarazoff,  Martin 104. 57 

Nedarazoft',  Stepan 104.57 

OustcgotV,  I'etcr 104.57 

Pankotr,  Partiri ■. 104  57 

ParancLin,  Daniel 10 1 .  57 

RezoiV,  NicoJ i 164. 57 

Sodiclc,  Theodore *  161., 57 

Stepetin,  Kbirv 104.57 

TervakanolV,  Kcrrick 164.57 

Tetofi',  Peter 164.57 

Volkoif,  Markel 104.57 

,291.40 

ilecond  class : 

ArtoinanofT,  Kerrick 131.  65 

Arka.slioff,  Arsen v 131. 65 

Bogoilanoff,  Nicoii 131.65 

Eniauoff,  George 131.05 

Frati.s,  John 131. 65 

Glotoir,John 131.65 

HaborofF,  Paul 131. 65 

Kocliooten,  .lolin 131.  65 

KocUooten,  Knjdu'ine .    131.65 

Galaktioneff,  Alex 131.  65 

Molevedov,  Simeon 131.65 

Melevadov,  Alex 131.  65 

Sednli,  V.issily 131.65 

Plialiolin,  Necon 131.  65 

Stejietin,  Dorofay 131.65 

Sbaisuakoff,  Panl 131. 65 

Tetoff,  Neon 131.65 

2,238.05 

Third  class : 

Hansen,  Alexander lOt  32 

Koznitzol''.  .John 105  32 

Mercnliit,  Alex 105.  ,32 

Nozekolf,  .Simeon 105.32 

Stepetin,  .John 105,32 

526  60 

Fourth  class : 

Kochergin,  George .30.00 

Krukoft;  .Job  n  M 30. 00 

Krukoflf.JohnN 30.00 

Krnkott',  Maxima 30.00 

Sedick,  Philip 30.00 

SbaiHnakoll,  Valerian ,30.00 

Tetott,  Zacbar 30.00 

210  00 

Special  class : 

Krukoff,  Nicoli  (first  cbicf) 50.00 

(Jromofi',  Nicoli  ('second  chief) 50.00 

100,00 

Dae  Jokn  Stepetin £ruui  divitionNo.  4 48.05 

6, 415. 00 


ALASKA    JNDUSTRIK8. 


473 


415.00 


Dr. 
Prim*)  stins  accepted,  12,830,  at  50  cents ,|o  415.00 

Cu.  === 

Twenty  first-class  men,  at  $164.57 S  201  40 

Seventeen  second-class  men,  at  $131.65 . o'  yiu'  m 

Five  third-class  men,  at  $105.32 w' fiO 

Seven  tburlli-class  men,  at  $30 ..  2T0  00 

Two  special  class  (chiefs),  at  $50 100  no 

One  amount  due  division  4,  $48.95 4y'  95 


6, 415. 00 


St.  Paul  Island,  Ala.^ka,  AntinRi  u,  ISIH. 

We  hereby  certify  the  foregoing  to  bo  a  true  copy  of  the  division  oC  the  fimd 

derived  Irom  taking  fiii-s.al   skins  on  St.  I'aul  Island  from  October  16,  1893    to 

August  4,  1«».^,  and  that  the  several  amounts  opposite  the  respective  names  have 

Com  a^  '*®*^  to  said  natives  on  their  pass  books  by  the  North  American  Commercial 

Joseph  B.  Crowley, 

Special  Tremury  Agent. 
J.  Stanley  Brown, 
Superintendent  North  American  Commercial  Company. 

NiCOLI  KUUKOFF, 

Native  Chief. 


291.40 


,238.05 


526  60 


210  00 


100. 00 

48.  05 


,  415. 00 


REPORT  OF  JOSEPH  B.  CROWLEY,  SPECIAL  TREASURY  AGENT, 

FOR  THE  YEAR  1895. 


Office  of  the  Special  Agent, 

TltEASURY    DlCl'AIJTMENT, 
Washiiuiton,  D.  C,  Dcceiiiher  1,  1895. 

Stb:  1  have  the  honor  of  submitting  my  annual  repoit  on  the  seal 
fisheries  of  Ahiska. 

Followiug  your  instructions  of  May  9. 1  ijroceeded  to  San  Francisco, 
Cal.,  arriving  there  on  the  17th,  and  on  the  20th  embarked  on  theXorth 
American  Commercial  Company's  steamer  Lakme,  en  route  for  the  seal 
islands,  accompanied  by  Assistant  Special  Agent  Thomas  B.  Adams. 

We  reached  St.  George  Isljind  June  9,  where  Mr.  Adams  was  placed 
in  charge  temporarily,  relieving  Assistant  Special  Agent  Jacob  E.  Zie- 
bach during  the  summer.  On  the  10th  of  June  I  proceeded  'Z'c.  Ptiul 
Island,  on  board  the  United  States  revenue  cutter  Perry,  finding 
Assistant  Special  Agent  James  Judge  in  charge.  He  was  permitted  to 
go  remain  until  September  13,  when  he  was  relieved  by  Special  Agent 
Adams  after  the  return  of  Special  Agent  Ziebach  to  St.  George.  I 
found  on  my  arrival  at  the  seal  islands  the  business  affairs  of  the  Gov- 
ernment intact. 

NATIVES. 

The  native  inhabitants  had  been  properly  cared  for  during  the  winter. 
Their  health  was  good.  The  mortality  light,  as  is  evidenced  by  the 
census  reports  and  the  reports  of  the  resident  physicians  on  the  islands 
of  St.  Paul  and  St.  George,  marked  Bxliibit  A. 

The  order  of  the  Department,  that  the  lessees  should  erect  suitable 
water  closets  at  the  dwelling  of  each  native  family  on  the  islands,  has 
been  complied  with.  The  villages  undergo  a  thorough  cleaning  both 
spring  and  fall,  and  the  sanitary  condition  is  good. 

The  lessees  have  complied  with  the  terms  of  their  contract  toward 
their  subjects  for  support;  namely^  widows  and  orphans,  and  the  aged 
and  infirm  who  are  unable  to  provide  for  themselves. 

School  was  maintained  on  each  of  the  islands  eight  months  during 
the  past  year,  as  required  by  the"" terms  of  the  lease. 

EXPENDITURBB. 

The  snm  expended  ov'o  of  the  appropriation,  $19,500,  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  30,  lb95,  for  the  support  of  the  natives  on  the  seal 
islands  was  as  follows : 

On  8t,  Panl $10,930.95 

On8t.  •      rfre 3,728.55 

Amontit  ^)aid  to  the  bisbop  of  tbe  Greok  Church  of  Ahiska 3,325.00 

'iotal 17,984.50 

474 


T 


ALASKA    INDUSTIIIK8. 


475 


In  addition  to  this  sum  there  was  expended  in  support  of  these  natives 
derived  from  tlieir  own  earnings,  as  follows: 

On  Bt.  Paul : 

niviHioii  of  Hfialrrs'  community  fund $0,537.50 

l)eriv(!<l  from  blue  foxes 1,025.00 

On  8t.  Of-orRe: 

iiiviHion  of  sealoTH'  community  fund 1,  108.50 

Deri  ved  from  bl no  foxcH 2,  085.  00 

ChhIi  jiftid  natives  by  North  Anicricau  Coniim-n'ial  Company  for  mis- 
cellaneous labor .' 2,(K)0.00 

Total 13,050.00 

COAL.. 

There  was  laiidcd  at  the  islnnds  'MO  tons  of  coal,  200  tons  being 
delivered  under  .siieciiil  contract,  and  80  tons  under  tlie  terms  of  the 
lease.  The  coal  i.s  of  fair  quality,  and  suflicient  (|Uiintity  for  the  com- 
fort of  the  natives  and  (Jovernment  agents  in  charge  of  the  islands. 
1'he  same  was  distributed  as  follows: 

St.  Paul  Island:  Tons. 

(Jov»-ninifnt  bouse 10 

Use  of  natives 250 

St.  Oeorjje  Island  : 

Oovernnicnt  ln>nso 10 

Use  t>{  natives 100 

Total 370 

A  house  was  built  on  ciicli  of  the  i.shuid.s  in  which  to  store  tlie  coal 
for  native  use,  tlu!  one  on  St.  Paul  Island  having  a  ca|)acity  of  300 
tons;  the  one  on  St.  George,  150  tons.  The  North  American  Commer- 
cial Company  furnished  under  contract  all  niaterials,  including  lumber, 
hardware,  and  jtaint,  and  superintended  the  construction  of  the  two 
buildings,  for  ijsTOO.  The  natives  on  the  respective  islands  performed  the 
labor  of  erecting  the  same  without  charge  to  the  (ioverninent.  The 
coal  is  stored  in  these  buildings  and  it 's  believed  that  they  will  i)rove 
a  great  saving  in  the  future. 

FURNITURE  FOR  GOVERNMENT  HOUSES. 

The  following  articles  for  the  furnishing  of  the  Government  honses 
were  received: 

St.  Paul  Island: 

One  hundred  and  forty-five  yards  of  carpet $150.10 

Six  rn^s,  to  match,  at  .12.75 10.  .50 

One  water  pitcher,  cup,  and  tray 5.  .50 

One  Franklin  stove 10.00 

Felt  for  onicodesk 1.50 

St. George  Island: 

One  Franklin  stove 16.00 

Three  ru«B,  at  $2.75 8.25 

One  dust  tray,  one-half  dozen  bnnuus 1.  85 

Eight  window  shades 7.  Oo 

One  toilet  set 4.  OO 

One  water  pitcher,  cup,  and  tray 5.50 

Total 238.20 

BLUE  FOXES. 

Tlie  past  winter  was  an  exceptionally  long  i»nd  severe  one  at  the  seal 
iBlaDds.    There  was  more  snow  fall  than  usual  and  the  ice  remained 


476 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


attached  to  the  sliores  iimcli  later  tliaii  conmitdi.  The  result  was  that 
iood  lor  bliKi  foxes  became  very  scarce  and  many  of  them  stiirved  to 
death.  Sjx'cial  Agent  Ziebach  on  St.  George  Island  bouglit  food  in 
such  qnantilies  as  he  could  procure  and  fed  to  the  foxes  that  came  to 
the  village  in  searcli  of  food,  and  in  this  manner  averted  the  death  of 
many  tliat  would  have  otherwise  perished.  No  foxes  were  tra]>ped  on 
the  isliiiids  during  the  past  winter.  Orders  were  given  to  traj)  foxes  on 
both  islands  the  coming  winter,  with  the  further  order  to  kill  all  white 
foxes  found.  This  was  done  to  prevent  the  intermixture  of  the  two 
foxes,  the  pure  blue  being  much  more  valuable. 

Ten  pairs  of  young  blue  foxes  were  captured  on  St.  George  Island  and 
delivered  to  IJudolph  Neumann  of  Uiialnska,  in  coni])liance  with  the 
])erinissi(»n  granted  by  the  Department  to  ]\lessrs.  Is cuinann  and  Apple- 
gate.  Mr.  Ap])legate  having  lailed  to  call  for  or  arrange  for  the  pay- 
ment of  Ills  portion  of  the  foxes,  the  entire  number  was  delivered  to 
Mr.  Neumann,  wlio  paid  for  each  fox  the  sum  of  $r).r)(»,  the  .^O  cents 
being  given  to  the  natives  for  caring  for  the  foxes  from  the  date  of 
their  capture  to  the  date  of  delivery.  The  8110  received  from  Mr. 
Neumann  for  the  20  foxes  secured  by  him  were  pliued  to  the  credit  of 
the  several  natives  on  their  jjass  books,  in  amounts  corresponding  to 
the  number  of  foxes  t4ikeu  by  each. 

MAllINK   GUARDS. 

An  armed  boat's  crew  in  charge  of  a  lieutenant  was  landed  on  both 
the  island.s  about  Sei)t('mber  J,  as  an  additional  guard  to  prevent  raids 
on  the  rookeries.  Tliey  were  gu'en  quarters  in  the  villages  in  accord- 
ance with  Department  instructions. 

The  service  rendered  by  the  American  fleet  in  the  patrol  of  Bering 
Sea,  under  the  command  of  Ga])t.  0.  L.  Hooper,  was  jnost  etticient.  I 
most  haaitily  commend  the  Revenue  Cutter  Service  as  being  ca])abit) 
of  performing  this  work,  and  recoiuniend  that  they  be  given  charge 
of  this  work  in  the  future.  Every  couitesy  was  extended  to  me  so 
that  I  was  enabled  to  make  frequent  trips  between  the  islands  in  the 
supervision  of  the  business  thereon. 


SPECIMEN  SEALS. 

In  comi^liance  with  your  letter  of  May  16,  Mr.  Frederick  W.  True, 
curator  of  maunuals  for  the  United  States  National  Museum,  was  per- 
mitted to  visit  the  seal  islands  and  remain  there  throughout  the  sum- 
mer, accomj)anied  by  an  assistant.  Every  facility  was  given  I-Iv.  True 
to  enable  him  to  investigate  the  fur  seal,  and  to  study  seal  life  on  and 
about  the  islands.  He  was  permitted  to  take  fifteen  specimen  seals  for 
olHcial  Government  purposes. 

Dr.  Sharp,  of  Philadelphia,  was  permitted  to  take  two  specimen  seals 
for  a  like  purjwse. 

Hon.  James  Sheakley,  governor  of  Alaska,  on  his  tour  of  western 
Alaska,  visited  the  seal  islands  in  July,  in  order  to  personally  acquaint 
himself  with  the  true  condition  of  the  seal  herd. 

C.  H.  Townsend,  of  the  United  States  Fish  Commission,  visited  the 
islands  during  the  summer  for  the  purpose  of  observing,  photograi)hing, 
and  making  charts  of  the  rookeries. 

Caj)t.  F.  J.  Drake,  of  the  United  States  Fish  Commission  steamer 
Albatross,  sjjcnt  two  weeks  on  the  islands  taking  observations  and 
making  a  plane  table  survey  of  the  rokeries. 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIKS. 


477 


SEALS. 

The  sealing  season  began  on  tlie  J3th  of  June,  after  my  arrival  at  the, 
islands.  Very  few  bachelor  seals  hauled  out  until  about  tlie  -(»th  of 
June.  The  breeding  bulls  arrived  early  in  May.  The  remainder  of  the 
herd  was  full  three  weeks  later  in  arriving  than  in  former  years.  This 
is  aeconnted  for  by  the  fact  that  the  lloe  ice  remained  about  the  islands, 
extending  for  niileti  out  at  sea,  until  after  the  middle  of  June.  Soon 
after  its  disai)pe!iriin'  e  the  bachelor  seals  hauled  out  in  goodly  numbers. 
The  cow  herd  came  lalcr  and  apijarently  all  at  once.  The  harems  were 
rapidly  formed  and  the  jjups  were  born  very  soon  after  the  arrival  of 
the  cows. 

From  August  10,  1891,  to  June  8,  1895,  inclusive,  1,2(J9  seals  were 
taken  on  St.  Paul  Island  for  native  food,  and  from  October  29,  1894,  to 
June  3,  1895,  iuelusive,  190  seals  were  taken  on  St.  George  Island  for 
a  like  purpose.  During  the  past  season,  closing  August  1, 11,231  seals 
were  taken  on  St.  Paul  by  the  lessees  and  2,315  on  St.  George,  making 
a  total  of  15,011  fur-seal  skins  in  the  salt  houses. 

The  skins  taken  from  seals  killed  for  native  i'ood  iu  the  fall  were  taken 
under  the  quota  allotted  for  1891,  and  remained  iu  the  salt  houses 
throughout  the  winter.  Blue  foxes  broke  into  the  salt  house  at  St. 
George  in  search  of  food,  and  dan)aged  11  of  these  skins,  reiidering 
them  unfit  for  market.  'J'hese  damaged  skins  were  shipped  to  the  col- 
lector of  customs  at  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  as  jier  instructions. 

Statements  showing  the  number  of  seals  taken,  date  of  killing,  and 
rookery  from  which  the  same  were  taken,  are  nuuked  Exhibit  B. 

Siiiitmaiy  of  shins  taken. 

On  St.  Paul  Island: 

For  native  food 1,  2fi9 

By  lesBees 11,  231 

On  St.  George  Isliiiid: 

For  native  food 196 

By  lessees 2,  315 

Total 15,011 

Damaged  by  blue  foses 11 

Skins  accepted  by  lessees 15,000 

The  15,000  fur-seal  skins  were  shipped  fiom  the  islands  on  the 
steamer  Bertha,  consigned  to  the  Xorth  American  Commercial  Com- 
pauy, at  Sau  Fran.  -sco.     Keceipts  for  the  same  are  marked  Exhibit  C. 


Distribution  of  community  fund. 

St.  Paul  Island : 

To  12,000  seal  skins,  at  50  centR $6,250.00 

To  110  seal  skins,  rejected  iu  18i)4,  subsequently  accepted,  but  not  in- 
cluded in  Divisiou  No.  5 70.00 

6,  320.  00 

By  22  first-class  men,  at  $164.38 3,  (ill!.  36 

Bv  15  second-ola.S8  men,  at  $131. 52 1,972.80 

Bv  4  third-clasH  nieu,  at  if  105.21 420.  84 

By  7  fouitli-(lii.s8  men,  at  !?;;0 210. 00 

By  first  chief,  ;Fu0;  and  second  chief,  sfuO 100.00 

6, 320. 00 


478 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


St,  George  Islnnd : 

To  2,500  seal  skins,  at  no  cents $1,250.00 

By  7  first-class  luon,  at  |67.'J1 475.  37 

By  8  second-cliisH  men,  at  ;|i5t.32 4;it.56 

By  6  third-class  men,  at  $  10.75 21 1.  50 

By  1  fbnrtli-claKS  man,  at  120.75 20.  75 

By  salaries  to  first  and  second  chief 75. 00 


1,250.00 


For  detailed  statement  of  distribution  of  the  comimmity  fund,  with 
certificate  attaclied,  see  E.xliibit  1). 

QUOTA  NOT  DIFFICULT   TO   OBTAIN. 

It  was  not  found  specially  difficult  to  obtain  the  maximnm  quota, 
15,000  seals,  at  the  islands  this  season.  It  need  not  be  taken  for  {^ranted, 
however,  that  a  like  number  can  be  as  easily  taken  the  coming  year  or 
at  any  time  in  the  future  under  the  ])rcsent  regulations  governing 
pelagic  sealing.  It  will  be  remembered  that  pending  the  modus  vivondi 
no  seals  were  taken  in  Bering  Sea,  and  only  7,500  male  seals  were  killed 
on  the  islands.  A  cow  could  then  go  to  sea  for  food  in  safety,  and 
return  to  the  rookery  to  suckle  her  young.  Thus  the  pups  born  in  1891, 
1802,  and  1893  were  properly  nurtured  during  their  infancy,  and  did  not 
die  of  starvation  on  account  of  their  mothers  liaving  been  killed  at  sea. 
The  male  portion  of  them  came  of  kiliable  ago  last  year  and  this.  Fully 
50  per  cent  of  the  seals  driven  to  the  Icilling  grounds  this  season  were 
of  kiliable  size.  This  excei)ti()nally  large  percentage  is  accounted  for  in 
no  other  way  except  in  that  just  given. 

NEW  KILLING  GROUNDS. 

A  new  kilUng  ground  was  established  for  Halfway  Point,  at  the  first 
lake,  one-iialf  mile  south  of  the  rookery.  Tlie  killing  ground  estab- 
lished for  English  Bay,  Tolstoi,  and  Middle  Hill  is  at  a  small  lake  near 
Telegraph  Hill,  not  to  exceed  a  mile  from  either  rookery.  Since  the 
establishment  of  tliese  killing  grounds  there  is  not  a  drive  on  St.  Paul 
Island  to  exceed  a  mile  in  lengtii. 

OVERDUIVING, 

The  natives  are  accompanied  on  almost  every  drive  by  one  of  the 
assistant  agents  in  charge  of  the  islands  or  myself,  and  absolute  cau- 
tion is  taken  in  every  instance  to  avoid  overdriving.  If  seals  be  given 
their  time,  they  can  be  driven  a  mile,  or  even  two,  in  the  cool  hours  of 
nighttime  with  but  slight  fatigue.  It  has  been  contended  that  many 
seals  die  by  reason  of  being  turned  back  into  the  sea  from  the  killing 
ground  immediately  after  the  drive,  while  in  a  heated  condition.  This 
is  an  erroneous  idea.  Evidence  to  the  contrary  appears  at  every  drive 
made. 

Two  drives  were  made  from  Middle  Hill  and  Tolstoi,  and  as  many  as 
1,000  to  1,500  seals  were  turned  back  from  each  of  these  killings  and 
driven  directly  into  the  lagoon.  A  very  large  proportion  of  them 
remained  in  this  water  as  long  as  ten  days  before  returning  to  the  rook- 
eries. They  were  watched  constantly,  and  not  a  single  seal  was  found 
dead  in  these  waters  or  along  its  shores  as  a  result.  At  nearly  every 
killing  of  seals  from  the  lieef,  Zapadnie,  Halfway,  and  Northeast 
Point  rookeries,  a  large  proportion  of  the  seals  turned  back  went 
directly  fiom  the  killing  ground  to  the  rookery  from  which  they  were 
driven,  without  going  into  the  water,  and  took  up  their  places  there  as 
though  they  had  never  been  disturbed. 


ALASKA    INDUSTKIES. 


479 


PELAGIC  SEALING. 

The  result  of  pelagic  sealiii},'  in  Bering  Sea  the  past  two  years  already 
shows  a  imiiked  decrea.so  in  tlie  breeding  seals  on  the  rookeries.  There 
were  fewer  cows  in  the  harems,  and  on  several  of  the  rookeries  there 
were  "breaks"  or  "spaces"  wholly  unoccupied  that  had  never 
appeared  before.  It  is  evident  that  the  cow  herd  can  not  long  with- 
stand the  onslaught  of  i)elagic  sealing  in  leering  Sea.  It  was  believed, 
wiien  double  the  number  of  sealing  vessels  came  into  the  sea  August  1 
than  were  there  last  year,  that  double  the  number  of  seals  would  be 
taken.  But  not  so.  Nor  was  it  the  lault  of  the  sealer.  It  was  the 
scarcity  of  seals.  They  were  not  there  in  suflicient  numbers  to  be 
taken,  although  the  tragedy  of  last  year  was  reonacted. 

At  the  time  of  my  leaving  the  islands,  dead  and  dying  pups  were  to 
be  found  on  every  hand.  During  the  month  of  October,  21i,0o4  dead 
seal  pups  were  counted  on  the  rookeries  on  the  island  of  St.  Paul  and 
6,012  on  St.  George.  They  were  distributed  iu  proportion  to  the  num- 
ber of  breeding  seals  on  the  several  rookeries,  thus  showing  conclu- 
sively that  their  death  was  produced  by  starvation,  and  not  by  an 
epidemic  on  any  s;)ecial  rookery. 

The  breeding-seal  lierd  iuis  been  reduced  to  such  proportion  that  they 
can  now  be  counted  with  comparative  accuracy.  I  made  the  count  a^ 
follows: 

St.  Paul  iBlaud: 

Hreediiig  cowa , 78, 696 

BuUh 4,372 

St.  Georjtc  I  Bland  : 

Bree<liii{;  cows 21,240 

Bulls 1,180 

Capt.  F.  J.  Drake,  of  the  United  States  Fish  O'^mmission  steamer 
Albatross,  also  made  a  couLt  of  the  breeding  seals  oa  ihe  islands  at  the 
time  of  making  his  plane-table  survey  of  the  rookeries,  and  it  is  prob- 
able that  by  tlie  aid  of  the  survey  he  may  be  able  to  give  a  more  accu- 
rate count  of  the  number  than  I  can.  But  I  am  certain  that  if  I  err  it 
is  in  overstating  and  not  understating  the  actual  number. 

EXCESS   OF  MALE   LIFE. 

There  is  a  surplus  of  available  bulls  on  the  islands.  As  the  cow  herd 
decreases  the  bulls  increase.  There  is  now  a  large  per  cent  of  male  life 
that  is  a  detriment  rather  than  a  benefit  to  tlie  breeding  grounds. 
Nearly  50  per  cent  of  the  bulls  of  breeding  age  were  unable  to  procure 
a  single  cow  with  which  to  start  a  harem.  A  large  number  of  bulls  had 
from  one  to  four  only  in  their  harems. 

The  idle  bulls  loiter  about  the  boundaries  of  the  breeding  rookeries, 
intercepting  the  cows  as  they  come  and  go  to  feed,  keeping  up  a  constant 
warfare.  The  cows  are  thus  annoyed  and  harassed  throughout  the 
season,  when  they  should  be  permitted  to  rest  and  care  for  their  young. 
Every  cow  that  leaves  the  island  is  pursued  by  one  or  more  of  these 
big,  strong,  young  bulls.  How  far  this  pursuit  is  kept  up  can  not  be 
determined.  It  is  believed  by  some  that  this  is  the  cause  of  the  cows 
going  so  far  out  at  sea  before  stopping  to  procure  food,  and  it  seems 
plausible  enough. 

If  regulations  can  not  be  made  at  once  to  prohibit  pelagic  sealing  in 
Bering  Sea,  ther«  is  but  one  remedy  left,  that  of  taking  such  number 
of  seals  on  the  islands  as  to  reduce  the  herd  to  such  proportions  as  will 
make  the  business  of  sealing  at  sea  unprofitable. 

The  large  number  of  schooners  now  engaged  in  that  business  will  be 
compelled  to  seek  other  employment.    The  business  once  stopped,  the 


480 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


takiiip  of  seals  on  the  islands  could  be  abated  and  tlie  iierd  immuhIUmI 
to  rest  and  recuperate.  I  most  earnestly  iirye  that  tliis  course,  l)e  hiUou 
witlioiit  unnecessary  delay. 

The  social  and  business  relations  existiii}^  between  the  a}j;ents  of  the 
company  and  the  Government  at  the  islands  the  past  year  have  been 
most  pleasant. 

Jiespectfiilly,  yours,  Jos.  B.  Ckowley, 

Special  Tremury  Apcnt  in  Charge  of  the  Fur  Seal  Islands^  Alaslca, 
Hon.  John  G.  Carlisle, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  Washington,  D,  0. 


Office  of  Special  Aoknt,  Treashut  Department, 

at.  George  Inland,  Alaska,  Ocfiilier  Id,  1895. 
My  Dkak  Sir:  Oh  October  2  and  8  I  iimdo  a  carofiil  cdiiiit  of  the  dead  fur-seal 
puii.s  on  the  Hovcral  rookorioa  on  St.  fieorf^o  Island  and  found  tin'  loUowing  number: 

Zapadnie  rookery 2,  083 

Nort h  rookery 1, 559 

Starr\  Artecf  rookery 1, 131 

East  rookery 986 

Little  East  rookery 253 

Total 6,012 

The  count  was  made  systematically  and  its  <'orrc(tnoHB  can  bo  absolutely  depended 
upon.  The  iiniubcr  represents  only  the  actual  dead  bodies  and  indisputable  reiiiaina 
of  others  that  foxes  iind  the  elenuuitshad  more  or  less  destroyed.  All  trace  of  those 
that  dioil  durinj;  the  fore  part  of  August  had  been  washed  away.  On  all  the  rook- 
eries wen;  seen  a  great  many  seal  pups  that  were  very  eniaciati.'d,  and  it  was  only  a 
question  of  a  few  days  before  they  too  would  die  of  starvation.  Some  were  so  thin 
and  weak  that  they  did  not  hiivo  the  streujjth  to  move,  while  aloujj  the  outskirts  of 
the  herd — as  we  drove  the  seals  slowly  to  one  side  of  the  rookeries — were  hundreds 
of  weaklinjjs  that  could  scarcely  keep  up  with  the  balance  of  the  herd.  A  great 
pro))(irtion,  if  not  all  of  them,  will  die.  In  no  ease  was  it  necessary  to  drive  the  seals 
over  L'OO  yards  to  enable  a  count  to  be  made.  For  thrije  weeks  previous  to  making 
the  count  I  made  frequent  visits  to  and  examinations  of  the  rookeries,  and  ou  all 
could  see  the  carcasses  of  seal  pujis  on  all  paits,  and  uumerons  among  the  live  seals 
would  be  seen  the  emaciated  forms  of  others  slowly  dying  from  starvation.  Of 
course  it  was  imi)Ossible  to  make  a  count  of  the  weaklings,  but  ray  judgment  would 
say  that  on  the  five  rookeries  on  St.  George  Island  not  less  than  800  Will  die  for  want 
of  sustenance  between  tlio  lOtli  nnd  i^lst  of  October. 

There  is  but  one  reason  lor  this  dcplor.ible  and  even  criminal  destruction  of  young 
seal  life,  and  that  is  the  killing  in  Bi'riug  Sea  of  the  females  that  gave  them  birth 
and  on  whom  they  iire  dei)ondeiit  for  sustenance  until  they  are  old  enough  to  main- 
tain themselves,  which  is  in  three  or  a  little  over  three  nu)nths;  and  Just  o  long  as 
sealing  in  Hering  S(^a  is  ])ermitted  under  the  present  regulations,  just  so  long  will 
this  destructive  waste  of  fur-seal  life  continue.  Sealing  vos.sols  commence  the  work 
of  exterminating  the  seal  herd  in  Bering  Sea  on  August  I,  and  in  two  weeks  after 
you  can  see  the  rookeries  dotted  nil  over  with  dead  pups,  and  the  number  keeps 
increasing  day  by  day  until  a  great  proportion  of  the  number  born  die  from  starva- 
tion, their  mothers  having  been  killed  at  sea,  wliere  they  had  gone  for  food,  by  the 
sealers.  It  is  an  estnblished  fact  that  the  male  seal,  with  but  few  exceptions,  goes 
but  a  short  distance  for  food  during  tho  season  the  seals  are  on  the  islauil,  while  the 
female  travels  far  outside  the  limit  for  food  and  rest,  and  is  then  killed  in  great 
numbers  by  the  seahirs.  Something  could  be  gained  by  tho  extension  of  the  60-mile 
limit  to  IK)  or  125  miles,  but  a  more  desirable  and  practical  measure  of  protection  to 
the  young  and  female  seal  life  would  be  the  addition  of  the  months  of  August  and 
September  to  the  closed  season  in  Bering  Sea.  The  last  suggestion  would  prolong 
the  fur-seal  life  a  few  years,  but  nothing  of  a  temporary  or  n^strictive  nature  will  be 
of  an  o8tablis..ed  benefit  to  tho  continuation  and  rehabilitation  of  the  seal  herd  but 
the  absolute  jirohibition  of  killing  fur  seal  in  o|)en  water.  Tiio  two  years  of  sealing 
in  Bering  Sea  has  been  terribly  destructive  of  seal  life,  and  if  it  is  continued  two  or 
three  years  longer  the  fur-seal  herd  on  the  I'ribilof  Islands  will  be  practically  exter- 
minated. 

Re8i)ectfully,  yours,  Jacob  E.  ZiKn.\cii, 

Treasury  Agent  in  Charge  of  St.  Ceorge  Island, 

Hon.  .losKiMi  H.  (Jrowlky, 

SjH'cial  Tnatsiiry  Agent  for  the  Seal  Fisheries  of  Alaska,  Uohinson,  III, 


6,012 


young 
birth 
iiiain- 
loug  as 
)ng  will 
"  o  work 
ks  after 
keeps 
Htarva- 
by  the 
118,  goes 
bile  the 
great 
60-mile 
ction  to 
ust  and 
prolong 
will  be 
lord  but 
sealing 
1  two  or 
exter- 

11, 
'aland. 


ALAHRA    INDUSTRIES. 


Count  of  dead  neals,  St.  I'aul  Inland,  AUmka, 


481 


Date. 


Oct. 


1805. 
Bapt.  23 

a:i 

lis 

11 

u 

8 

8 
8 
H 
2 
lU 


IJodki'ry. 


Kcfnvie 

Ijiikaiiniin... 

Ljii;ih)ii 

I'ulavinit .... 

narl>i>t<:li 

/apailiiln. ... 
KiiuIIhIi  liny 

Tolitoi 

Reef  . 


1, 
1, 
B, 

2, 
3, 

>!■»  I.inn  Iliirk 

Noiilii'iist  I'oint ....'     4, 


Pnps. 


8S4 
347 
WW 
970 
514 
231 
3H1 
SH2 
370 
301 

on 


Total I  21,033 


(.'own. 


nulla. 


7 

2 

15 

3 

2 

1 

8 

1 

25 

8 

25 


101 


Total. 


881 
1,355 

303 
1,972 
1, 523 
6,240 

384 
2,501 
3,400 

361 
4,046 


20  I  22,054 


The  above  table  bIiowr  the  number  of  doiid  .sen!  pii|>s,  cowh,  .nnct  bulls  found  upon 
the  rodkcrit'H  of  St.  Paul  iHliiud,  Alaska,  and  actuiiUv  counted  between  the  diites  of 
September  23, 18U5,  and  October  10,  1«'J5. 

Tiios.  E.  Ai).\.M.s, 
Special  Agent,  Treasury  iJeparlnieni, 


ExiiiniT  A. 
Cenfvi  of  St,  Paul  Island,  Alaska,  June  SO,  1895, 


NRmo  nnd  rulatiuimhip. 


....do.... 

Atkii 

Unalanka  . 


SI.  George  . 

do 

....do 


Unnlaskn.. 
St.  I'ivnl.... 

....do 

....do 


Family  1 — 4  indlvldiiaU: 

A  rtomouoff.  Korrick,  husband 

ArtonioiiolV,  Alexandra,  wilo 

Ivanoll'.  Ardok)tt,Hint('r-inlaw 

I'rokopiot,  Aiixunia,  dauf;l>tor 

F.'imlly  2—3  IndividiialH: 

ArkaHhoff,  Arsony,  Imnhand 

Arkaaholf,  Mariana,  wife 

Stepetin,  Jnlin .  Hteimon 

Family  3—3  inrtividiialn: 

BoKodanoir,  Nicoli,  huiiband 

lioKodanoft',  ( )ii  llta,  wl  I'e 

lioKodaiioir,  Mary,  algter 

Family  4—4  individiialB: 

BiiurdukofTHky,  Apollon,  hiisbaiid  . . 

Boiirdakoll'Bky,  Cfiionia,  wifo 

Itonriliikofl'Hky,  Peter,  son 

nonrdakotTHkr,  Onlita,  daughter . . . 
Family  5—6  individnaln: 

Hutcrin,  Karp,  husband 

Biilerin,  Parasoovla,  will! 

S("lic:k,  Constantine.  stepson 

Sedick.Zaliar,  orphan 

Me/.eekin,  Mary, niece 

Mezcekin,  Vnssa 

Family  0—5  individuals: 

Emanolf.  ( Jeorge,  hwlianft 

Emiiuofl',  Catherine,  wife 

Emanoir,  Mary,  daughter 

EmaiiDf/',  ,)nhn.  son 

Koznitzotr,  .John,  nepliew 

Family  7—5  iudividnalH: 

I'Vatis,  •John,  husband 

Fratis,  Ankolina,  wife 

Kratis,  John,  son 

Fratls,  Simeon,  son 

Fratis,  Arfrraflna,  danchter 

Family  8—3  individualH: 

(ilotofr,John,  hUHliand 

(xlototr,  Avdotia,  wife 

Glotoft',  Marv,  mother 

Family  0—3  Individuals:  i 

OromofT,  Nicoli, husband Attn... 

Gromoff.  Oulrano,  wife St.  Paul 

Bediok,  Elizabeth do. 


Place  of  birth. 


NortheiiHt  Point . 

St.  Michaels 

....do 

St. Paul 


StP»ul... 
TTnalaska . 
St.  Paul... 
....do.... 
....do.... 
....do.... 


.do. 
.do  , 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 


fiadrono  I.slaiids . 

Unalaska 

St.  Paul 

....do  

....do 


St.  Paul. 

do.. 

do.. 


Age. 


08 
42 
21 

27 

i.S 
35 
17 

23 
28 
20 

41 
34 
15 
10 

41 

30 

7 

9 

22 

a'i\ 

27 
21 

3 

1 

18 

40 

21 
8 
1 


27 
20 
07 

27 

25 

0 


Remarks. 


Widow. 


Daaghtor  of  Mary. 


fl.  Doc.  92 31 


a  Month*. 


Clothes 
pany. 


furnished   by  com 


482  ALASKA    INDUHTItlES. 

CeMutof  St,  Paul  liland,  Alatka,  June  SO,  Y<$:^J--C'uiitiiiuud. 


Name  aiitl  rnlatlonship. 


Family  lu— 4  Individuals : 

<iiiliixtiiiui<ll',  Aluxaiidor,  liiiHbnna  . 

(Jalaxtliincir,  Martlin,  wifo 

TIculot',  Ulaudlu,  luill'  aiiitur , 


do.. 

Ungft... 
St.l'nul. 

clu.. 

do.. 

do.. 

Vnf,i\ ... 


St.  raul... 
Uii;ila»ka. 
St.  I'uul... 


Vli'dluf,  Alexandra 

Family  II— 3  IndlvldimiN: 

lIunHon,  Aleiandi-r,  Ijuaband Silka  . 

Uannon.Lukina,  wil'u Kt.  Tniil. 

KuhIiIu,  Neatur,  HtiM>H<in do  . 

Family  12—3  individuiilH: 

Hiiberotr,  I'aiil,  liiiHliand Kadiak  . 

Halxiroir,  A){raiina,  wll'« UnulnHkii . 

Shabolin,  Agratlna,  adopted  daughter.    St.  i'aiil. 
Family  13-3  IndlviduaU: 

Kuc.hooton,  John,  himbaiid do  . 

Kochootun,  Tatiana,  wife UnabiMkn. 

Kovliouton,  Mark,  null St.  I'linl. 

Family  14—7  iudividiinlH: 

Kncliooten,  Jake,  buaband 

Kochooten,  Feuruuia,  w  i 1 1' 

Kouhooten.Oidita,  daughter 

Kochooten,  Kllon,  daii;;liti'r 

Koohooteu,  Tluodore,  son 

Kocbootttn,  I. avion,  Hon 

Ludoahnlkoff,  Matnlia,  Hti'iidaiightur. 
Family  15— :i  individiialfl: 

Kochooten,  Kiinhuino,  liusband 

Kochooten,  I'ehiKla,  wife 

Kochooten,  Trefon,  nephew 

Family  IS— 4  iudividuaU: 

Koobencin,  tieorge,  Hon do  . 

Tetotr,  FecIiiHia,  widowed  mother Kurilo  IslaiidH. 

Te tofT,  Irene,  sister .St.  Paul . 

Tetoff,  Sophia,  Hinter do  . 

Faiuiiy  17 — 4  individuals: 

Kojcroft",  Stepau,  huHliand TInalaska. 

Kozerotr,  Anastaciu,  wile do  . 

Ko7.eroir,  lonally.Hon .St.  I'anl. 

Kozciiill,  Alitxandra,  dauRlitor do  , 

Family  18—1  indivhIiialH: 

Krukotr,  Nicoli,  husband Sll ka  . 

KrukotT,  Catherine,  wife .Vtkn  . 

Krukotr,  Metrnl'an,Rou St.  I'anl. 

Kri.koff.OuHtinia,  daughter do  . 

Faiiiliy  1!) — 4  individuala: 

Krukot!',  Maximo,  huHliand Sitka  . 

Knikoll,  FeoL'tcsta,  wile St.  I'anl. 

KrnkotI',  John  M.,  son I do 

KrnkolV,  Oondrn  t I 

Family  20—4individualH:  j 

Mandrigan,  Ni-on,  lather St.  riporgc 

Maudrlgan,  Mary,  daughter |  St.  Paul  .. 

Mandrigan,  Zoo,  daughter ' do 

Mandrigan,  Iniiiikiiity,  Hun ' do 

Family  21 — 4  indiviiluals: 

Merculiff,  Alexandra,  huabaud St.  Paul  .. 

Mercnliff,  Agada,  wifo do 

Mercnllff,  Paul,  son do 

Mercnliff,  Paul,  brother do 

Family  22— S  iudividualH: 

Molividov,  Anton,  father Kodink 

Melividov,  Alexandra,  daughter St.  Paul  .. 

Mclividov,  Olga,  daughter do 

MelividoT,  Mary,  daughter do 

Mellvidov,  Alexandra,  mother California. 

Family  23—3  individuals : 

Melivldov,  Alexander,  husband St.  Paul  . . 

Mellvidov,  Salome,  wife do 

Mellvidov,  Ant«n,8on do 

Family  24—4  individuals: 

Mellvidov,  Simeon,  husband Sitka 

Mellvidov,  Alexandra,  wife Akuolan.. 

Mellvidov,  Margret.  daughter St.  I'aul. . . 

Mellvidov,  ChrUtophor,  son do 

Family  25 — 5  individuals : 

Nederazoff,  Stepan,  husband St.  Paul. . . 

NederazoiT,  Alexandra,  wife jvitu 

Nederazot}',  Mary,  niece St.  Paul . . . 

Nederazoff,  Mary do 


Place  of  birth. 


Atka 

I'nalaskn., 
St.  Ucorgo  , 

St.  Paul.... 


Hopoff,  Neketa. 


..do 

a  Mont  Iks. 


Age. 


23 
34 
15 

ai 

37 
18 
2 

43 

63 

6 

24 
20 
fl8 

43 
40 
10 
10 

0 

3 
15 

51 

44 

8 

17 
37 

0 

7 

42 
43 

5 

2 

44! 

'-'■' 

10 

4 


Kc'iiiaik*. 


Clothes  I'lirnlshctt   by  ooni- 

panv. 
l>aut;ut«r  of  Claudia, 


Provisions  f n  r  n  I  s  h  e  d  by 

(Jovoriuncnt.  Clothing 
for  widow  and  daugliters 
furniuUod  by  ooujpauy. 


37 
10 

8 

4 

19 
18 

1 

5 

30 
13 

0 

7 
UO 

20 
20 
IJ 

27 
27 

3 

1 

37 

31 

U 

2 


I'll  is  family  is  supported  by 
the  ciimpany.  .folin  Si. 
draws  clDtliing  on  Gov- 
erumuut  orduia. 


Clothes  furnished  by  com- 
pany. 
Do. 


Fiini 


I'aiii 


Fanil 
( 

(I 
(I 
(I 

Fault 
P 
I' 
P 
P 
SI 

FmiiiII 
I'l 
Pi 
Fiunll 
H< 
Hi 
li. 

iK 

(li 
Faniii' 
Su 
Se 
Se 
Sui 
Soi 
S.>( 
Sc( 

Fanilh 
Sim 
Sll 
Sei 
M. 

Fiiniil\ 
Sll',' 
Sli: 
Sill 

Faniil\ 
Slii 
sill 

Faiuily 

St'l! 

su< 

Ste 
Sti) 

Faiiiilv 
Si'e 
Ste 
Ste 

Family 
Ter 
Tor 
Nei 

Nee 
Sim 

Family 
Tet 
Tet 
Tet 
Tet 

Family 
Tet 
Tet 
Tet 

Family 
Vol 
Vol 
Vol 
Voli 
Mor 

Family . 
JIoli 
Sha 
lioo 
lioo 


7 


hed  by 

uthini; 
iii);lil(ir» 
puuy. 


ortcd  l>y 
olin  M. 
on  Gov- 


by  ooffl- 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


CeiiBus  of  St.  I'aul  Uland,  .Utuka,  June  SO,  iJOJ— Cuutinuud. 


488 


Kune  and  relatioosblp. 


KumllySO— 4  iiiillvliliinln: 

Ni'ili!M/.(iir.  Miiitlii,  liimlinii'l 

Nt'diii iiznir,  I  iiiliiirini',  will! 

sliiiin',  Mhi>  .  Ht«iMliiii;;lil((r 

Sliurii',  riiriiHoovia,  Hli'iMluiiglitur. 
l''ainil.v  '11— 'i  lncllvlilunl-<: 

Nii/rkcir,  Sliiieiiii,  liiiHliand 

No/i'IidO',  AiiiiKtiislu,  vvllu 

Kiiiiiilv  'JH-4  liiillviduiilii: 

OiiHilKoir,  I'uUr,  liimbunil 

OllKti^'llir,    I'jII'llHCOVill,  Willi 

OiiHli^iilV,  Niul,  noil 

(>iiHii)riiil,  Strpuiililii,  niiitlinr 

Family  l!!l-6  liiillviiliialH: 

rmikotr,  rnrl'iirii-,  huHhuiid 

raiikuir,  OIki'.  wifo 

Paiikiitr,  KlaHik.  Hon 

Paiikoll,  VaivHi'ii,  daii};lit«ir 

Slinlminkoir,  ( =i'(ir;;ii 

Kaiiiily  ;iu— 2  individiiJilH: 

i'liraiiclilii,  Danli'l.  Iiiiibnnd 

rnraiK'liiii,  Aluvaiidia,  wile 

i'aiuily  '11—5  iiidlvldiiulH: 

KvHol)',  Kev.  NicoM.  liuHbaiid 

KoHi'  ir,  M  »tronn,  w  i  I'u 

Ri'Hflir,  OlKUf  daiiKlitiT 

leiiatlof,  Anna,  orphaii 

Crillof,  Mary,  oriilmii 

Family  32— Ttiidlvliliiala: 

Sudiuk,  Tlieodoru,  biiuband 

Sedick,  Martha,  wifo 

iSedIck,  Mary.dauK'iter 

Hudick,  Oiiatmia,  duiiKlitor 

Smliok,Matroiia,daii){hlor 

Sedick,  Iniiokciity,  Hoii 

Sodiok,  rbiliii,  nephew 

Family  Wi—i  individuaU: 

Sciliili,  VaiiHlli,  hiiaband 

Srdiili,  Klizaboth,  wile 

Sediili,  Vera,  daughter 

M(.'zeek«ii,Ivan,ndopti'd  sou 

Family  34— 3  indlvidualH: 

Shaliolin,  Mociiu,  himhand 

Shabdliu,  Foocln,  wifo 

Sliabolln,  A]iol1i'naria,  daiiKhter .. 
Family  35—2  individuals: 

^liaiHnrkoll',  l'anl,uiirle 

ShaiHnckoir,  Valerian,  uephow  ... 
Family  30—4  iiidividunlii: 

Stiipeton,  Klarv,  husband 

Stopeton,  Anna,  wifo 

Ktejietoii,  Oiiliaua,  daughter 

Stoimton,  T'a"la,diinghter 

Family  37—3  individuals: 

St'opoton,  Dorafay,  liuMbaud 

.Stopoton,  Vassa,  wile 

Stopeton,  VasHili,  son 

Family  38—5  individiialH: 

Terrakaiiolf,  Kerrick,  husband  ... 

Torrakanolf,  Anua,  wifo 

Nederazofl^  Agraliua,  uiece 


riac«  of  birtb. 


St.  Piuil.... 

Sitka 

bt. (iunrge. 
(lu 


ITnahiKkB. 
St.  I'aiil... 


St.  Ueorn . 
St.  I'aul.... 

do 

yt.  Uuorgu 

St.  I'aul.... 
St.  (Icoiye . 
St.  I'aul.... 

do 

do 


St.  I'aul... 
Uiialaska. 


Sitka... 

do.. 

Kodlttk. 
ilarku  .. 
Atku... 


St.  I'ttiil... 
UiialaHka. 
St.  I'aul... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 


Kodlak... 
I'nalaska. 
St.  J'aul... 
do.... 


St.  Paul.... 
St.  George . 
St.  Paul.... 


St,  Paul. 
....do  .. 


NederaznlT,  Alesie 

Shane,  EletVry 

Family  39— 4  individuals: 

TetofT,  Neon,  husband 

Tetoff,  Agratina,  wifo 

Tetotr,  Simeon,  son 

Tetotr,  Zahar,  brother 

Family  40-3  individuals: 

Tetolt',  Peter,  husband 

TetofT,  Noaey,  wife 

Xetoff,  Alexandra,  sister 

Family  41    5  individuals: 

Volkolf,  Mtti'kel,  husband 

Volkoff,  Alexandra,  wife 

Volkott',  Teehon,  son 

Volkoir,  Arifa,  sou 

Uercnlill, 'John,  son 

Family  42—4  individuals : 

DaJakshin,  Matrona,  widow 

ShanoshniknlV,  Parascovia 

Kookovlshnikoflj  Anna,  orphan  .. 

UookoviBbuikoQ',  Stepau,  orphau . 


St.  Paul... 
I'nala.tka. 
St.  Paul... 
do.... 


St.  Paul.... 
St.  (loorge . 
St.  Paul.... 


St.  Paul. 

Sitka ... 
St.  Paul. 


-do. 
.do. 


St.  Paul... 
Unalaska . 
St.  Paul... 
do.... 


St.  Paul.... 
St.  George . 
St. Paul  ... 


Atks 

Unalaska . 
St.  Paul... 

do.... 

do.... 


ITnolaalta . 
St.  Paul... 

do.... 

do.... 


Age. 


IH 
Id 

31 

27 

i 

UO 

33 
32 

0 

3 
13 

3fi 
33 

00 
CO 
23 
16 
17 

47 
40 

7 

0 

4 

0 
16 

52 

54 

14 

4 

28 

25 

1 

59 
15 

31 
34 

5 

2} 

24 

21 

3 

41 
35 
20 

5 

5 

25 
20 

1^* 

30 
34 
10 

50 
41 

'^. 
10 

45 
28 
10 
13 


Konmrka. 


Chithlng  furnished  by  com- 
pany. 


.Adnpii'd  daughter. 
Uo. 


Clnthin);  furnished  by  cam- 

pany. 
Sou  of  AgrailiUb 


Clotliinj;  furnished  by  com- 
pauy. 


484  ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


Cenatis  of  St.  Paul  Island,  Alaska,  June  SO,  1895 — Continued. 


Name  and  relationslilp. 


Fninfly  43—1  Indlviilnal  t 

Jiollnslazoff,  Kllen,  widow 

Family  44— S  individualH: 

Kiislinvnikoff,  Avdotia,  wiilon- 

KiiKlioviiiliofl',  Paul,  s((ii 

Mercnlill',  -Maitiii,  in'phow 

Family  45— fl  individuals: 

Ko7,loft',  J'ni'aH(u)vla,  widow 

Kozlolf.  Micliacl,  mm 

Kozloff,  Micnli,  son. 


Place  of  birth. 


St.  Pan!., 

St.  Paul  , 
....do  ... 
....do  ... 


I.  iialaska . 
St.  Paul... 
do.... 


Kozlotl",  Anton,  son ' do  . 

...do. 
...do  . 


Serebiinkoir,  0\^\\.  sis'nr 

Screl)unlv(ill',  HcpHininiia    

Family  46—2  individuals: 

KnikolT,  Anna,  widow 

KozoroiT,  Sundulcc,  adojded  d:ini;liler 
Family  47—2  individnals: 

Ki-ukofl',  iSalalia,  widow 

Krnkoif,  John  N.,  son 

Family 48— 4  individuals: 

Popoff,  Avdolii,  widow 

Popoff,  Avrasmia,  daughter 

Po.ioft'.  Alexander,  duufrlitor 

}!aiakRhin,  Anna,  daughter 

Family  49—2  individnala; 

PopofT,  Avanasia,  widow 

Shutzagan,  Uaria,  orphan 

Family  50—1  ind.vidnal: 

FeeshnikofT  Vasdilisy,  widow 

Family  51—2  i'.dividuals: 

RookovishnekoiT,  Anpsia,  widow 

Rookovipunckofl',  I'aragcovi.i,  daugh- 
ter. 
Family  52— i  indivldnal: 

Eezanzoir,  Anna,  widow 

Family  53—3  individuals: 

Sedic'.v,  Daria,  widow 

Kochooten,  Ellen,  daughter 

Kochooten,  Zenofia.  daughter 

Family  54 — 2  individuals : 

Terrentova,  Anna,  widow 


St.  I'nul 
do  .. 


St.Panl. 
do  .. 


Age. 


59 

34 
U 
12 

36 
8 
6 

„^* 
30 


Kemarka. 


2J  Daughter  of  Olga'a. 


Atkii 

St,  Paul.... 

do 

do 


St.  Paul. 
do  .. 


.do  , 


Unalaska . 
St.  Paul... 


St.  Michaels  . 

Unalaska 

St.  Paul 

do 


.do. 


29 
4 

41 
14 

35 

5 

a2 

10 

49 
14 

35 

29 

6 


Draws  clothes 
meat  orders. 


on  Govern- 


Terrentova,  Anna,  daughter I do i  42 

Familv  55— 2  individuals:  I 

Volkoff,  Ellen,  aunt St.  Paul 41 

Knshin,  Mavra,  niece do 14 

Family58— 2  individuals: 

Kushin,  Marv,  grass  v.idow |  St.  fleorge HI 

Knshin,  Michai-l,  son St.  Paul 10 


Husband  at  Unalaska. 


ORPHAK  GIRIS  AT  SCHOOL  IX  ONALASKA  BELONGING  TO  ST.  PAUL  ISLAND. 


Sedick,  Avdotia St.Panl... 

KrukofT.  Lukeria I  Unalas'iu. 

Koznit/.oll',  Agalir, I  St.Pai.l... 

Morculiff,  Leibolf I ,1( 

IvanoiV,  Anastasia I do    ... 

ZakarolT,  Feodosiii do  ... 

Zatzmanoff.  .Vuxciiia do 

Frat's,  Ellei; do  .... 


Daughter  of  John  Fratls. 


a  Itlonths. 

RKCAFITULATION. 

FamilloB .50  !  Female  adults 

•.r=  1   Venialcs  liptwoen  5  and  17  years. 

J  Resident  inh.ihitants 109      I'eiunles  under  5  years 

Nonresident  inlialdtants 8  ' 


72 

o.i 
15 


Total  native  populii I  iiui 207 

I'e'u.ile  inlialdtants 12(1 

Male  i nhaliitaiils 87 

Females  ii,  excess  of  lualis 33 

Tnlinliitants  hor'i  outside  of  seal  ishinds 51 

Male  adults ~43 

M.des  between  5  and  17  years 26 

Males  under  5  years 18 

87 


Marriages 

Itirths --    

Dcalha 

1  )epnrtHro8  from  Island 

Net  increase  in  po|)nlation  from  June  80, 1894, 
toJuneSO,  lUtiD 


121) 


Fami 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 
C«tttU8  of  St.  George  Island,  Alaska,  June  SO,  1895. 


485 


Nanie  and  relationship. 


NI). 


Family  1—3  Individuals: 

Galanin,  Paiflre,  liusliand 

Galaiiin,  Eiiphronia,  wife 

Gnlauin,  Elnxia,  sun 

Family  2—3  individuals : 

Gurokolf,  Cornlel,  liusband 

Goiokoff,  Katlierine,  wife 

Galanin,  Al(!xander,  adopted  Hi>n 
Family  3-2individnalH: 

Kiilikuloff,  <Svnu,  widower 

Ziicliarofl,  Ktnaiiuel,  adopted  son 
Family  4—3  individuals: 

Lestnikolf,  Uemitri,  widower  ... 

Lestnikotf.  Anna,  daiifrlitcr 

Moruuliff,  jlark,  adojitcd  son 

Family  6 — I  individuals: 

Li'Stnikoff.  Michael,  l>acheli)r  . . . 

Iiustnikoir,  Klizebi'th,  inotlirr  . . . 

L<!Htnikolf,  Mary,  sister 

Lestnikolf,  Sarah,  sister 

Family  6—6  individuals : 

i.ekftnolf,  Stepan.  husband 

Lekanotf,  Pelegia,  wife 

Leknuoif,  Anatole,  son ... 

Lekanulf.  Seisiiis,  son 

Lekanotf,  Sarali,  danghtt  r 

I/ekanoti'.  Mnrinna.  dauKhtcr 

Family  7—6  individualH : 

Miirculilf,  Evan,  badielor 

MereulilT,  Vasalisa,  mother 

Mercullft',  A vdotia.  jioter 

Merouiiff,  Eloxandra,  sister 

Mercu.ilf,  Nicoli,  brother 

Merculif,  Helena,  .dstcr 

Family  8—6  -i.Uviduals: 

Mercul'fl  Jc  leph,  bachidor 

Mercui  "  Enpnrouia,  mother  . . . 

Mercnlifi,  George,  brother 

Merculitr,  Helena,  sister 

Merculiff,  Evan,  brotuer 

Morculitf,  Miirfa,  sister 

Family  9—5  individuals : 

Miilavausky,  Nicoli,  bachelor  . . . 

Miilavansky,  Kepsimia, sister... 

Mulavansky,  Stepenida,  niece  . . . 

Mahivansky,  Peter,  nephew 

Malavausky,  Vaasa,  sister 

Family  10—4  individ.,i»is: 

Nuderazotf,  Nicoli,  bachelor 

Noderazoff,  EvKenia,  mother 

I'tiderazolf,  Melania,  sister 

Nederazotf,  iHsdore.  brother 

Family  II — 4  individuals: 

UiintlKotf,  Elexia,  husband 

OustiBoff,  Marfa,  wife 

Oustigotf,  Alexandra,  daughter  . 

Oustigoff,  Steplneda,  daughter . . . 


22 

17 

a  i 

30 
40 

8 

49 
14 

31 
7 
9 

22 
60 
25 
18 

26 
26 

4 

3 

1 
a3 

18 
43 
11 
10 
13 
8 

23 
,1 
21 
10 

S 

2 

30 
35 

10 : 

20  ' 

17  i 

41 

21 

4 

45  I 
25 
2 
aO 


Kame and  relationship. 


Family  12-3  indiWduals: 

Oustigolf,  Sunuen,  husband 

Oustigotf,  Mary,  wife 

OuHtisoff,  AnI'e.sa, daughter .. . 

Fuiiily  13—6  individuals: 

I'liiloniauotr,  Eolf,  hus't>aiLd 

Philoma-  jff,  Ulita,  wife 

Philomanolf,  Gregoire,  Mon . 

PhilomanotT,  Afgania,  dawgliter 

I'hiloinauolf,  Uemitri,  son 

OustiKiitf.  Susanna,  adopted  daughter... 
Family  14-6  iuilividiials: 

I'liilomanolf,  Simoon,  Ijualiand 

Philomanolf,  A vdotia.  wife 

I'hihimanolf,  Innokonty,  s(mt 

Philomnnotl,  Fedosia,  daugt lier 

I'liilomanolf,  Zoya.  daL  •'■toi- 

I'liilomanotf,  Joseph,  son 

Family  15 — 2  individuu." : 

I'rokapietf,  Peter,  liusliand 

Prokapietf.  Stefitnida,  wife 

Family  16—5  imlividuals: 

Pliilomauolf,  Andronie,  husband 

I'liilomanotf,  Zenobia,  wife 

Pliilomanoff,  Mari,)n.  daughter 

Pliilomauolf,  Mary,  daughter 

i'liilomanoli',  Leonti,  .son 

Family  17— 3  individuals : 

Kczanzotf,  Innokent v,  bachelor 

Iti'zanzolf,  Fedosia,  mother 

liezauzotf,  Serejihii..^  s'.strT 

Funii'y  18 — 3  individuals: 

Ke/.anzotl",  Peter,  husband 

Kezanzolf,  Matnina,  wife 

Kezanzotf,  Fatiama,  daughter 

Family  IB— 3  individuals: 

Swctzoff,  Eiistin,  husband 

Swel/.otf,  Christine,  wife 

S^vetzolf,  Genrge,  son 

Fp.nily  20—2  individuals: 

G  alanin,  Okalina,  widow 

Galanin,  Bvan,  sojj 

Family  21—3  individuals: 

Pliilomanolf,  Parascova,  widow 

Phil  imanolf,  Pelegia,  daiiK'iti  r 

Phil  imanolf,  Fecla.  iliiiighter 

Family  22 — 1  individuals: 

Shane,  Hiessn,  widow 

Shane,  iJleta,  daughter 

Sliane,  Michael,  son 

Mereulilf,  Stepan,  m'jihew 

B'amily  23—2  individuals: 

Swetzoff,  Pidexania,  widow 

Swetzotf,  Paul,  son 


Ago, 


31 
•48 
ai 

50 
33 
22 
21 
R 
8 

45 
22 
20 
13 
3 
1 

30 
18 

28 

30 

5 

2 

1 

17 

51 

7 

49 
53 
11 

44 

37 

9 

32 
13 

31 

6 

a6 

43 

20 

7 

4 

35 
3 


ratls. 


a  Months. 


EECAPITULATION. 


72 


120 
2 


loot. 


Families 23 

Individuals 88 

Males 40 

Femalia  48 

Males  bet  ween  6  and  16  years 0 

Males  under  6  years 0 

Maleaover  16  years 22 

~40 


Females  botweeei'  0  and  18  years S 

Females  under  0  jeais 11 

Komalea  over  16  years 28 

48 

Sealers  and  fomilii'S,  supported  liy  the  Govern- 
ment       70 

Widows  and  orphans,  supported  by  company    12 

•8 


486 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


Report  of  tht  resident  physician. 


St.  Paul  Island,  June,  1,  1895. 

Dkar  Sir:  The  resident  physician  respectfully  submits  the  following?  report  on 
the  pul)li(;  licalth  of  St.  Paul  island  during  the  year  ending  .lune  1,  1895: 

Two  epidemics  h-ivo  visited  the  islimd.  The  first  in  October,  of  iutluonza;  the 
other,  varicella,  occurred  in  March,  1895.  An  endemic,  gastro-cnto.ic  in  type,  broke 
out  in  the  latter  part  of  February,  immediately  after  the  opening  of  the  winter  seal- 
meat  cache.  This  meat  had  been  piled  up  on  the  ground  before  being  thorougiily 
cooled,  and  the  layers  lowest  became  tainted. 

There  were  30  cases  of  influenza  p.evere  enough  to  make  note  of,  8  cases  of  pneu- 
monia, 5  cases  of  pleurisy,  and  3  caoes  of  phthisis  pulmonnlis. 

Acute  bronchitis  has  been  very  conuijon.  Hieniop'ithesis  has,  as  in  previous  years, 
been  frequent.  Of  the  eye,  con  juncti  vi  tis  and  iritis  iiavo  boen  most  common ;  of  tlio 
ear,  otitis  media  of  the  throat,  tonsilitis,  and  pliaryngitis.  One  case  of  cellulitis 
requiring  surgical  interference  occurred  in  Sanko  Melovedov  from  exposure  on  the 
last  killing  field  last  year.    Five  severe  cases  of  icterus  occurred. 

In  the  surgical  lino  there  has  been  done  the  following:  Operation  on  Axanoaia 
Popofi',  for  suppurative  synovitis  of  the  left  knee,  December  ?1 ,  1895 ;  good  recovery. 

Operation  on  Mrs.  Elory  Stejietin,  for  osteosavoma  of  tin,  antrum,  December  139, 
189-1.  lAcision  made  over  i  he  tumor  and  diseased  l)one,  and  neoplastic  tissue  removed 
to  the  posterior  vault  of  the  pharynx ;  part  of  the  floor  of  the  orbit  removed ;  eye- 
ball intact ;  good  recovery ;  no  return  as  yet. 

Fracture  of  the  radius:  Mrs.  Nikoli  Krnkof.  Circumeisioii  for  paraphimosis.  Two 
cases  requiring  surgical  aid.    Dislocation  of  the  lower  jaw. 

A  numl)cr  oi  cases  of  minor  surgery,  goalp  wounds,  etc.,  occurred,  but  none  severe 
enough  to  require  8|)ecial  mi'ntiou.     Sixty-seven  tectli  were  extracted. 

Since  November,  1894,  there  have  been  993  prescriptions  given  out.  This  does  not 
include  simple  requests  for  salts,  etc.,  but  re])reseuts  closely  the  nuuibcr  of  cases  of 
sickness  re(|uiring  examination  and  diagnosis  which  have  occurred  during  that  time. 

Two  deaths  liave  occurred.  First.  The  daughter  of  Theo  Sedic,  age  11  months. 
The  child  had  an  attack  of  influenza  early  in  Oetol)er,  but  made  a  good  recovery.  I 
was  notified  of  its  last  illness.  It  died,  as  f.  .  as  1  can  learn,  while  undergoing  the 
native  process  of  mai^ipulation,  by  Ellen  ''oekof.  Second.  Mrs.  Neon  Maudregin, 
cause,  acute  phthisis. 

Tlie  births  were  0  in  number:  To  Agrafia  Merculif,  a  son,  July  4, 1894;  Alexandria 
Melevedov,  a  son,  August  11,  1894;  Fatiana  Koochooten,  a  son,  November  4,  1894; 
Mary  Messekin,  a  daughter,  February  10,  1895;  Evdotia  Popoff,  a  daughter,  April  24, 
1895,  and  Claudia  Vikoulof,  a  dau;;hter,  May  3. 1895.     Increase  in  populrtion,  4. 

At  the  bottom  of  by  far  the  m.ajority  of  troubles  among  the  natives  is  that  vague 
constitutional  condition  known  as  the  str'uiious  diaotliesis  or  scrofula.  It  shows 
itself  chiefly  in  a  general  lack  of  the  phosphates  and  mineral  suits  in  the  native 
physiological  economy. 

Little  can  lie  ac('om])lished  in  the  way  of  remedying  this  condition  by  the  various 
medi<'inal  sirups  or  emulsions  until  they  can  be  induced  to  adopt  a  diet  which  will 
furnish  the  regular  daily  demand  of  nature  for  those  essential  constituents  of  the 
body. 

To  this  end  I  wouiii  tuiggest  that  the  nort  year's  food  supply  contain  a  larger  per- 
centage of  those  foods  rich  in  phosphates  and  easily  convertible  hydrocarbons,  as  for 
example,  of  fats,  lard,  buttermilk,  sweet  oil,  and  of  foods  containing  p'^osphates  and 
earthy  salts,  oatmeal,  graham  fionr,  cracked  w'le.it,  graham  c. ackers,  etc.  It  would 
also  be  advantajieous  if  the  Govciiinient  agent  would  eni^ourage  the  raising  of  such 
vegetables  as  will  grow  here,  such  as  turnips,  radishes,  lettuce,  etc. 

One  of  the  most  Hcrioiis  obstacles  in  the  way  of  uttcmpts  to  improve  the  physical 
condition  of  tlie  ])eoide  is  the  fact  that  most  of  them  are  such  inferior  cooks. 

Since  March  7,  1^95,  theresidtiut  physician  has  taken  the  obstetrical  work  in  his 
own  hands.  On  that  day,  J'rs.  Julia  Jfesef  gave  birth  to  a  dead  child  under  such 
cirrnmstances  that  he  felt  it  a  matter  of  necessity  to  put  a  stop  if  possible  to  the 
furtlier  ministrations  of  the  native  midwife,  I'',llei  Volkof,  A  connii'uii(ati.)n  was 
sent  to  the  Government  agent,  who  took  immediate  step.s  to  that  elVcct,. 

The  village  has  been  cleaned  and  disinfectant  throw. ■  in  the  garliago  hoh  s. 

In  concluiliiig,  the  resident  physiiuan  would  liku  to  acknowledge  the  her.rty  sup- 

Sort,  both  ntoral  and  material,  given  liim  by  tlie  United  States  Qovorument  agenr, 
[r.  Judge,    .1  every  attempt  to  better  the  public  hygiene. 
Very  respectfully, 

Gahdnkk  Pkkuy  Pond,  M.  D 
Mr.  J.  Stanlky-Brown, 

Superintement  North  American  Commercial  Company, 


N 


M 


Ji 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


Exhibit  B. 


487 


Annual  statement  of  fur  seals  killed  on  St.  Paul  Island,  Alaska,  during  the  year  ended 

August  1,  1895. 


Dnte. 


Deo. 


1894. 

Ang.  10 
Kov.  a 

17 

21 

24 

25 

25 

25 

28 

1 

4 

1895. 

Mav   27 

■     28 

Juuo    ] 

4 

8 

i:t 

16 

2U 

24 

2^) 

July     1 

2 


1. 

17 
Ifl 
22 
2- 
Aug.    1 


Eookeiy. 


Watclimen  to  date 

Middle  HiU 

Watchmen  to  date 

Reef 

Watchmen  Northeast  Toint 

Tolstoi  and  Keef 

Watc  hmon  Hal  f  Way  Point , 

Watchmen  Soulhwest  l?iy 

Tolstoi  and  Keef 

Watchmen  Northeast  Point , 

Tolstoi,  Lukannon,  Garhotch,  and  Eoef. 


Watchmen  Northeast  Point. 

Keef 

Watchmen  Northeast  Point. 

Reef 

Watchmen  Northeast  Point. 

Tolstoi 

Watchmen  Northeast  Point. 
NortlieiMt  Point 


Nnmhor  of  seals 
billed  for  na- 
tive'' food. 


Large 
young 
'seals. 


24 

132 

12 

147 

1 

87 

2 

3 

218 

2 

474 


Koe! 


F.I  "Yav  Point. 

]  1.  "i*;)  '5ay 

..jpat'Dil-  

'.  ,l\\  .'?"1D0'' 

:..:  V  .  ->i'oint. 

((...,     

ii     .    

li^lf  'V. 

Zapa> 

Northiii  i1    ■     ;it. 

Lnkanuou 

Reef 


"int. 


185 


Skins  ac- 
cepted by 
lessees. 


24 

132 

12 

147 

1 
87 

2 

3 
218 

2 
474 


6 

6 

79 

79 

3 

3 

76 

76 

8 

3 

185 


Number 
of  seals 

killed  by 
lessees 

for  skins. 


Aoceptod 
(prime) . 


Aggregate. 


Skins 
accepted. 


184 

2 

1,961 

1,548 

575 

751 

861 

364 

860 

431 

1,138 

324 

834 

827 

286 


Total 1,464 


,454 


11,046 


184 

2 

1,961 

1,548 

675 

751 

861 

364 

96U 

431 

1,138 

524 

834 

827 

286 


11,046 


Total 
number 
of  seaig 
kiUed. 


24 

132 

12 

147 

1 

87 

2 

3 

218 

2 

47>, 

6 

79 
3 

76 

3 

184 

2 

1,961 

1,548 

675 

751 

861 

364 

960 

431 

1,138 

324 

834 

827 

286 

185 


12, 600 


488 


ALAS^KA    INDUSTRIES. 


Annual  alalcmeni  of  fur  seals  killed  on  St.  George  lalattd,  Alanka,  during  the  year  ended 

July  SI,  lS9o. 


Dat«. 

Eookury. 

Niiniber  of  seals 
killed  lor  na- 
tives' food. 

Ninnber 
of  seals 

killed  by 
lessees 

for  skins. 

Aggregate. 

Larf;e 
voiiiiK 
aeals. 

Skins  ac. 

ceptcd  by 

lessees. 

A  ocepted 
(prime). 

Skins 
accepted. 

Total 
number 
of  seals 

kUled. 

1894. 
Oct.    20 

North 

58 
3 

lU 
3 
3 

14 

35 
3 
3 
1 

13 

10 
25 

88 
3 
19 

I 

14 

35 

3 

3 

I 

13 

10 
25 

68 
3 

19 
3 
3 

14 

35 
3 
3 
1 

13 

18 

25 

139 

483 

2 
471 

2 
158 
232 

3 
538 

3 
279 

7 

58 

2:i 

3 

26 

Kiist 

19 

29 

North 

3 

30 

Zajiadnio  (killed  by  giifirds)  .          

3 

Nov.     2 

do         .,, 

14 

0 

North            ...               

35 

« 

3 

13 

do 

do 

North 

3 

20 

1 

Dec.     3 

13 

189.'). 
May   25 
Jbne    3 

16 

North 

....  do                          .           .              

25 

14 

139 
483 

2 
471 

2 
158 
232 

3 
538 

2 

279 
7 

139 

24 

483 

24 

2 

26 

Ort>at  and  Little  Kiisi                            ,.   ..             ..  '  

471 

29 

2 

Jaly     1 

8 

North          "         

150 

Zmtadiiie      

232 

8 

Zapadiiie  (killed  by  "'uarda^ 

3 

11 

(jreat  and  Ijittle  Kant     

538 

20 

Zapadnio  (killed  bv  triiards) 

3 

22 

279 

30 

Zapaduio  (killed  by  gaarda) 

Total 

190  .            190 

2,315 

2,511 

2,511 

Eleven  of  the  foregoing  skins,  taken  from  sciils  killed  for  native  food  during  the 
fall  of  1894,  were  duniaged  by  blue  foxos,  leaving  2,500  marketable  skins  to  be 
•hipped  by  the  lessees. 

Tiios.  E.  Adams, 
Assistant  Special  Treasury  Agent, 


ExiiiiiiT  C. 

Receipts  for  fur-seal  skins  shipped  from  the  seal  islands,  including  eleven  skins  shipped  to 
the  collector  of  customs  at  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  ISO'). 

I8LANI>  OK  St.  Paui-, 
Bering  Sea,  Alaska,  August  11,  1S95. 
This  is  to  certify  that  12,500  fur-seal  skins  have  this  day  been  shipped  on  board 
the  Nortli  American  Comnioroial  Company's  steamer  Bertha,  J.  M.  Hays,  master,  con- 
signed to  the  North  American  Commerciiil  Company  at  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

James  Judge, 
Assistant  Treasury  Agent, 

Island  ok  St.  Geouge, 
Bering  Sea,  Alaska,  August  14,  1895. 
This  is  to  certify  that  2,500  fur-seal  skins  have  this  day  been  8hipi)ed  on  board  the 
North  American  Commercial  Cornp;aiy'B  steamer  Bertha,  3.  M.  Hays,  master,  con- 
signed to  the  North  American  Commercial  Company,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Thomas  E.  Adams, 
Assistant  Treasury  Agent, 

Island  of  St.  George, 
Bering  Sea,  Alaska,  Aitgust  14,  1895. 
This  Is  to  certify  that  11  damaged  fur-seal  skins  boxed  have  this  day  been  shipped 
on  board  the  North  American  Commercial  Company's  steamer  Bertha  (J.  M.  Hays, 
master),  cousigued  to  the  colleotoc  of  customs,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Tiios.  £.  Adams, 
Aiiiitant  Treasury  Agent, 


I 


f 


Di> 

To 

To 

I 

Fii 


Sec 


Tb 


Fo 


8p 


58 
3 

19 
3 
3 

14 

35 
3 
3 
1 

13 

16 

25 
13'J 
48:! 

2 
471 

2 
156 
2;!2 

3 
538 

3 
279 

7 


ALASKA    INDUSTRIES. 


Exhibit  D. 


489 


iJitlribution  of  community  fund,  St,  Paul  Island,  Alaska,  Augu$t  1, 18'J5 — DiviiUm  No.  6 


To  12,500  prime  fur-seal  ukiim,  at  50  cents 

To  140  prime  fiu-ueal  skins,  takcu  in  1894,  rejected  by  local  agent, 
Hiil))t(;(|uent)y  accepted  by  the  lessees,  but  not  included  in 
Division  No.  5 

First  class: 

Arka-shof,  Arseny 

Jiourdukoft'sky,  ApoUon 

Buteriu,  Karp 

Oromof,  Nicoli 

Kochooten,  Jacob 

Kocliooten,  John 

Kozerof,  Stepan 

Krukof,  Nicoli 

Maudretc'ii),  Neon 

Mele vedov,  Anton 

Nedarazof  Martin 

Ne<larazof,  Stepan 

Ovstegof,  Peter 

Pankof,  Parfiri 

liarancliin,  Daniel 

Rescf}',  Nicoli 

Sediok,  Theodore 

Htepetin,Elary 

Torrakanof,  Kerrick 

Tetof,  Peter 

'i'<!tof,  Neon 

Volkof,  Markel 

Bucond  diiss: 

Artomanof,  Kerrick 

l}o;;o(lanof,  Nicoli 

Kiiianof,  George 

Fratis,  John. 

Galaktionef,  Alexander 

Golotof,  John 

llaberof,  Paul 

Kochooten,  Eupheme 

Kozuitxof,  .fohn 

Mercalief,  Alexander 

Melevei.ov,  Alexander 

Sednli,  Vassily 

Hbabolin,  Necon 

Stepetin,  Dorofay 

Shaisnakof,  Paul 


$6,250.00 


Third  class: 

Han"-n,  Alexander. 
Melbvedov,  Simeon. 
Nozekof,  Sinieou  ... 
Stepetin,  John 


Fourth  class: 

Kochcrgin,  George .. 

Krukof,  John  M 

Krukof,  John  N 

Krnkof,  Maxim 

8«<Uck,  Philip 

Shaisuikof,  Valerian. 
Tetof,  Zahar 


Special  clasf*: 

Nicoli  Krnkoff  (first  chief)  ... 
Nicili  Oromofif  (second  chief). 


70.00 


$6,320.00 


164.38 
164.38 
164.38 
1&1.38 
104. 38 
1()4.38 
104.  38 
161. 38 
164.  .38 
161. 38 
164.38 
164.38 
164.38 
164.38 
164. 38 
164.38 
161.38 
164.38 
164.38 
164.38 
164.38 
164.38 


131.52 
131.52 
131. 52 
131.52 
131.52 
131.52 
131.52 
131. 52 
131.52 
131.52 
131.52 
131.62 
131.52 
131. 62 
131.52 


105. 21 
105.21 
105.  21 
105.21 


30.00 
30.00 
30.00 
30.00 
30.00 
30.00 
30.00 


60.00 
50.00 


3,616.3« 


1,972.80 


420.84 


210 


100 


490 


ALASKA   INDUSTRIES. 


We,  the  nndersigned,  do  hereby  certify  that  the  forofjoiiig  is  n  true  stntement  of  the 
distribntion  of  the  comnKinity  fund,  derived  from  taking  fnr-soal  sUins  on  tbo  island 
of  St.  Paul  during  the  season  of  1895;  that  the  apportionment  is  just  and  equitable; 
that  the  amount  ai^t  opposite  each  name  has  been  credited  to  snob  native  sealer  on 
the  books  of  the  North  American  Commercial  Company,  and  also  placed  to  their 
credit  on  their  pass  books. 

Subscribed  this  the  2d  day  of  August,  1895. 

J.   C.   RKDPATri, 

Agent  2\Wth  Avicrican  Commercial  Company. 
Nicou  KiiuKOFr, 

First  Chief. 
Nicoi-i  Gromoff, 

Second  Chief, 
Joseph  B,  Crowijcy, 
Special  Treasury  Agent  in  Charge  Seal  Islands, 


Distribution  of  community  fund ,  St.  deorye  Island,  Bering  Sea,  Alaska— Division  No.  6. 

To  taking  2, ."iOO  fur-seal  skins,  at  50  cents ^....  $1,250.00 

By  seven  men,  first  class $475.  li? 

By  eight  men,  second  class 41)4.  .5(5 

BV  six  men,  tliird  class 24  1.50 

By  one  man,  fourth  class 20.57 

By  salary  to  first  chief .50.  00 

By  salary  to  second  chief 25.00 

^  "•  1,250.00 

First  class :  ===^ 

Denietri  Lestinkoff 07.01 

EustinSweztoff 07.01 

Eoft"  Philonionoff 07.91 

Simeon  Pbilomonoff 07.91 

Elexia  Oustigort' 67. 91 

Comiel  Grokolf ^T.  91 

.loseph  Merculiff - 07.91 

^   '  475.37 

Second  class: 

Nicoli  Melovansky 54.  .3'' 

Peter  Kezanzoff 54.  H^i 

Andronic  I'liilonianofi' 54.32 

Stephen  Lekanotf 54.  ;i2 

Simeon  Oustigolf .54.32 

Parfiri  Galanin .54. 32 

Micliael  Lestinkolf 54.  32 

Peter  I'rokopief 04-32 

m, .  ^    ,  434.  BO 

Third  class : 

George  Merrnliff 40.7.5 

Gregory  I'hilomanoft' 40.75 

Evan  Kulikuloff 40. 75 

Inuokentv  Kezanzott' 40.75 

N'icoli  Nederazolf 40.75 

Evan  MerculiflF 40.75 

Fourth  class: 

Innokenty  Philomanoflf 20.57 

Special : 

IJemetri  Lestcnkolf  (first  chief) 50.00 

Enstin  8 w(!tzotf  (second  oliief ) 25. 00 

75.  CO 

We  hereby  certify  that  the  foregoing  is  a  trne  statement  of  the  distrihution  of  the 
cominnnity  fund,  derived  from  the  taking  of  fur-seal  skin.s  on  tlio  island  of  St. 
George,  Alaska,  during  the  season  of  l.S!)5;  thatthe  aj)])ortioMni('ut  is  just  and  mm- 
tablo,  and  that  each  individual  scaler  has  been  crcflited  on  tlii^  books  of  the  North 
American  Commercial  Company  with  the  same  amount  as  herein  set  ojiposite  each 
name,  etc. 
St.  George  Island,  August  1, 1895.  Tuoa.  E.  Adams, 

Assistant  Special  Agent, 
Danif.l  Wkustkh, 
Agent  North  American  Commercial  Company, 
Dkmktui  Lrstknkoff, 

Native  Chief. 


APPENDIX. 


By  David  Starr  Jordan  aiul  Gkougk  ARCniitA.i,n  Clark. 


As  stated  in  the  profiitory  note  to  tliis  voliiiiie,  the  present  writers 
have  been  asked  by  tlie  Secretary  of  tlie  Treasury  to  |»iei)are  a  brief 
appendix  in  which  sueh  errors  of  I'aet  or  opinion  as  api)eiir  in  the  lore- 
going  text  maybe  noted  and  (!orre<'ted  in  the  liglitof  tlie  d<'tai  led  investi- 
gations of  the  fur-seal  (luestion  and  related  sid)jeets  undertaken  in  180(5 
and  1.S97. 

In  the  following  notes,  prepared  in  response  to  this  request,  reference 
is  made  in  each  case  to  the'  author  of  the  article  in  question,  the  year 
in  which  it  was  written,  and  the  page  on  which  it  is  printed. 

W.  A.  Howard,  1868  :  Page  3. 

It  is  not  true  that  the  sea  otter  and  the  fur  seal  have  been  driven  by 
man  northward  from  California  to  the  Arctic  regions,  or  that  they  are  in 
danger  of  ])erishing  there  from  cold  because  "luiture  intended  them 
for  a  warmer  climate." 

The  habits  of  the  fur  seal  and  sea  otter,  totally  diflerent  one  from 
another,  were  not  distinguished  by  early  writers,  and  tra(!es  of  this 
confusion  still  persist,  'i'he  fur  seal  pursues  its  migrations  with  the 
regularity  of  clockwork,  returning  to  its  haunts  in  utter  indifference  to 
man  and  his  actions,  and  has  undergone  no  appreciable  changes  iu 
location  or  habit  since  it  was  lirst  known. 

The  sea  otter,  shyest  of  shy  aninuils,  flees  from  contact  with  man 
and  wanders  from  place  to  place,  abaiuloning  every  rookery  where  man 
has  left  his  traces,  and  at  the  present  day  in  Alaska  it  seldom  visits 
the  land  for  any  purpose,  breeding  in  the  sea. 


Hiram  Ketch  11  m,  1868:  Page  4. 

It  is  not  true  that  the  first  males  who  land  reconnoiter  the  coast  and 
return  to  communicate  with  other  males  and  then  with  the  main  host. 
The  fur  seals,  male  and  female,  come  individually,  not  in  a  body,  and 
each  one  arriving  remains  till  the  force  of  hunger  or  other  personal 
instincts  draws  him  back  to  the  sea. 

It  is  not  true  that  "  loud  noises,  the  appearance  of  blood,  or  the 
active  signs  of  habitation  deter  the  seal  from  settling  upon  the  coast." 
These  matters  affect  the  sea  otter,  but  not  the  fur  seal,  who  is  stolidly 
indifferent  to  everything  except  moving  objects. 

m 


492 


APPENDIX. 


There  is  not  the  slightest  foundiition  for  tlie  idea  that  "reckless 
hunting  of  the  fur  seal  by  inexperienced  hands  will  have  the  effe(!t  of 
driving  him  to  other  shores,"  nor  is  there  the  slightest  foundation  for 
the  story  that  the  seals  have  ever,  in  wliole  or  in  part,  deserted  the 
American  islands  to  take  refuge  on  the  Conunander  islands.  The  two 
herds  are  wholly  distinct  and  liave  been  so  for  centuries.  The  Kuril 
herd  is  distinct  from  both  the  others. 

Hiram  Kctcliutn,  1868:  Pages. 

The  idea  that  the  first  Tuales  are  sentinels  or  scouts,  who  report  to 
the  main  body,  is  one  naturally  suggested  by  their  behavior,  but  it  has 
no  foundation  in  fact. 

E.  C.  Jordan,  i860 :  Page  11. 

The  number  of  fur  seals  taken  on  St.  Paul  and  St.  George  in  1868  is 
here  underestimated  at  140,000.  A  closer  estimate  places  the  number 
at  about  300,000. 

S.  N.  Buyuitzky,  1870 :  Page  18. 

It  is  not  probable  that  the  fur  seals  avoid  the  sandy  beaches  on 
account  of  the  danger  of  the  surf  to.  their  young.  Tlie  animals  prefer 
the  rocks  because  they  sink  in  the  sand  when  walking,  and  because 
rocks  do  not  become  fdtliy. 

it  is  not  probable  that  females  recognize  their  former  mates,  or  at 
least  that  they  have  any  preference  for  tliem.  For  their  former  stations 
botli  malfs  and  females  seem  to  show  some  preference. 

The  average  size  of  the  harem  is  about  thirty  females  rather  than 
ten.  As  not  more  than  half  the  females  are  ever  present  at  one  time, 
the  count  of  those  in  sight  is  misleading.  It  is  still  currently  believed 
by  the  natives  that  the  skin  of  an  overheated  animal  is  worthless 
because  the  fur  is  liable  to  fall  out.  We  have  been  unable  to  verify 
this  statement  and  doubt  its  truth. 

The  statement  that  "thousands  of  old  bulls  encumber  the  rookeries" 
indicates  that  at  that  time  male  seals  on  the  islands  were,  as  now,  in 
excess  of  the  f'  males.  Few  of  these  are,  however,  really  decrepit,  as  in 
general  only  the  strong  return  in  the  spring  from  the  winter  migrations. 

Charles  Bryant,  1871:  Page  29. 

It  is  true  that  the  breeding  males  occupy  the  rookeries  "  without 
leaving  their  places  until  the  end  of  July;"  but  the  females  come  and 
go  regularly  from  the  feedin;r  grounds. 

It  is  not  clear  how  Captain  Bryant  arrives  at  the  conclusion  that  the 
conditions  of  1871  showed  "a  decrease  in  the  number  of  females  *  *  * 
equal  to  10  per  cent  of  the  two  former  years"  (1869-70).  Undoubtedly 
the  herd  sufl'ered  a  natural  loss  at  sea  as  indicated  by  him,  but  this 
loss  was  a  customary  one  am'  was  compensated  for  by  the  accession  of 
3-year-old  feinales  as  breeders.  His  suggestion  of  possible  necessity 
for  restricting  the  number  of  jwung  males  to  be  taken  is  of  course 
groundless.  The  killing  of  males  could  not  have  any  influence  on  the 
increase  or  decrease  of  the  herd  until  at  least  tive  years  after  the  kill- 
ing was  done. 

The  fact  that  a  steady  increase  of  females  is  noted  and  that  the  herd 
continued  to  yield  its  full  quota  of  100,000  skins  for  fifteen  years  after 
Bhows  that  the  decrease  here  noted  did  not  exist. 


APPENDIX. 


493 


Charles  Bryant,  1871:  Page  30. 

It  is  likely  that  the  reference  here  to  the  taking  of  pupa  about  Sitka 
is  intended  to  refer  to  some  of  the  Aleutian  Islands,  Avhere  to  this  day 
pups  are  taken  in  the  bays  and  inlets  while  the  herd  is  passing  south- 
ward into  the  Pacific  Ocean.  As  the  i)ups  and  their  mothers  leave  the 
islands  in  company,  and  as  the  latter  are  taken  oif  the  California  coast 
in  December,  their  course  south  must  be  very  direct.  It  is  only  on  the 
return  tri])  in  March,  April,  and  May  that  the  seals  are  taken  along  the 
coast  of  British  Columbia  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Sitka. 

Charles  Bryant,  187a:  Page  36. 

It  is  here  suggested  that  the  "4  and  5  year  old  bulls  perform  an 
important  service  along  the  shores  during  the  period  of  incubation." 
A  4  or  even  5  year  old  bull  can  not  obtain  a  jdace  on  the  breeding 
grounds.  The  males  Captain  Bryant  has  in  mind  are  doubtless  6  and  7 
year  olds,  which  tease  and  obstruct  the  movements  of  the  females  when 
landing  or  going  to  sea.  They  are  not  essential  to  the  welfare  of  the 
rookeries,  except  as  tiiey  represent  a  maturing  reserve  of  bulls,  and 
they  probably  seldom  serve  cows. 

Samuel  Falconer,  1872:  Page  39. 

While  the  restriction  here  noted  relating  to  the  use  of  firearms  on 
and  about  the  rookeries  is  wise,  the  inference  that  it  had  anything  to  do 
with  the  increase  of  the  seals  is  without  warrant. 

The  only  effect  which  the  use  of  firearms  about  the  rookeries  could 
have  would  be  to  temporarily  drive  the  seals  into  the  water.  It  would 
not  drive  them  from  the  islands. 

Samuel  Falconer,  1873:  Page  56. 

The  weight  of  the  pup  when  born  instead  of  being  6  to  8  pounds  as 
here  stated,  is  between  11  and  12  pounds. 

It  is  an  error  to  suppose  tliat  the  pups  are  taught  to  swim,  or  even 
assisted  in  the  art,  by  the  older  seals  of  any  class.  The  young  bachelors 
hanging  about  the  rookery  fronts  frequently  play  with  the  swimming 
pups  and  tease  them,  but  the  bulls  and  cows  pay  no  attention  to  them. 
The  first  pups  to  seek  the  water  may  follow  the  example  of  the  deyart- 
ing  cows  and  the  later  ones  follow  the  example  of  the  earlier,  but  they 
are  not  in  any  sense  "  taught "  to  swim. 

It  has  been  currently  believed  as  here  reported  that  many  pups  are 
killed  by  the  surf,  and  a  few  are  undoubtedly  so  killed,  but  the  number 
is  insignificant.  Before  the  pup  has  learned  to  swim  well  it  keeps  to 
the  shallow  and  protected  pools.  When  it  has  become  expert,  it  likes 
nothing  better  than  to  play  among  the  breakers,  and  does  so  with 
impunity. 

It  is  suggested  under  the  head  of  copulation  that  the  service  by  the 
bull  "  continues  at  intervals  of  a  week  for  each  female."  There  is  no 
reason  whatever  to  suppose  that  the  act  of  copulation  is  repeated  ^  ith 
the  same  female. 

Samuel  Falconer,  1874:  Page  57. 

It  is  not  true  to  any  cons.'derable  extent  that  the  yearlings  of  "  both 
sexes  haul  up  on  the  backgrounds."  Occasionally  a  yearling  cow  will 
be  found  among  the  baclielors,  but  the  number  is  very  small.    Such  of 


494 


APPENDIX, 


them  as  come  to  the  islands  spend  their  time  ainonp  the  i)upH  of  the 
year  on  tlie  hrecdinp  f-rouiids.  I(  may  be  that  the  yearlinjjf  remaies  as 
a  class  do  not  come  to  the  islands  at  all. 


Samuel  Falconer,  187.1:  I'age  58. 

The  flfinresof  Mr.  Elliott  are  here  correctly  piven.  His  estimate  was 
1(!.'],4L'(»,  but  this  iiiclnded  only  "breeding'  seals  and  yoiui}?,"  not  seals 
of  "all  classes/'  as  I\Ir.  Kalconcr  snj;j>ests. 

The  oi)inioii  here  expressed  that  on  St.  (leorge  Island  there  's  l)nt  one 
seal  where  ''there  are  twenty  on  St.  Paul''  (joiiicides  with  Mr.  lOlliott's 
estimate,  whicih  }j;ave  to  8t.  Paul,  in  round  nnmbi^rs,  a  imiudation  ol 
3,().{(l,(l()()  "breedin«- seals  and  yonii},'''  and  to  St.  (leor^e  1(5;{,(M)(».  That 
such  a  disproportion  was  unwarranted,  however,  is  evident  from  the 
fact  that  St.  (ieorjie  up  to  IcST.'i  iuul  furnished  onethird  as  many  seals 
as  St.  Paul.  In  1S74  and  for  a  time  after  it  furnished  slightly  more 
than  one-sixth  as  manj',  and  never  fell  below  one-ninth  of  the  quota  of 
St.  Taul. 

Samuel  Falconer,  1874:  Page  59. 

In  discussinj;  the  de])arture  of  the  seals,  Mr.  Falconer  intimates  that 
"a  few  old  bulls  remain  behind  to  protect  the  females."  He  here  nds 
interprets  the  fact  that  a  certain  number  ot  the  breeding?  bidls  return 
to  their  places  on  tlie  rookery  after  feedinj;.  These  reimiin  among  the 
cows  and  pups  durinj^'  the  fall,  connng  and  going  from  the  feeding 
grounds.  They  leave  at  about  the  same  time  as  the  cows.  The  bachelor 
seals  as  a  class  remain  latest,  in  open  winters  not  leaving  die  vicinity 
of  the  islands  at  all. 

The  views  here  exjnessed  that  "  the  favorite  haunts"  of  the  seals  "  are 
the  shores  of  British  Colundua  an<l  lower  Alaska,"  and  that  "the  lish 
upon  which  they  live  are  more  abundant  in  shallow  than  in  deep  water," 
are  derived  from  a  misapprehension  of  the  habits  of  the  auinnUs.  That 
some  of  the  seals  ccme  int((  the  bays  and  inlets  of  still  water  off  the 
British  Columbian  and  Alaskan  coasts  is  doubtless  true,  but  they  have 
no  landing  place  there,  nor  do  they  specially  fre(|uent  these  waters. 
They  make  a  rapid  tripsoutli  through  the  Pacilic  Ocean  to  the  latitude 
of  southern  California,  where  they  strike  the  coast  and  return  slowly 
along  its  length.  On  their  migrations  the  main  body  of  the  herd  keej) 
well  pff  shore.  A  i)latting  of  sealing  catches,  including  some  l'_'0,U()0 
animals  made  by  Mr.  C.  11.  Townsend  in  IS'JO,  shows  that  the  seals  are 
found  for  the  main  part  olf  the  1(10  fathom  line,  lOven  in  Bering  Sea 
they  feed  in  deep  water.  They  rarely  molest  the  shore  fishes,  and  do 
not  to  any  considerable  extent  devour  species  used  for  food, 

Cliarles  Bryant,  1875:  Page  64. 

It  is  here  stated  that  "one  male  is  considered  equivalent  to  ten  or 
more  females."  The  actual  proportion,  as  found  in  JS!M)-{>7,  is  about 
one  bull  to  thirty  cows.  It  is  probable  that  the  only  warrant  Captain 
Bryant  had  for  conclndiiig  that  the  killing  of  100,000  males  each  year 
had  been  detrimental  to  the  herd  was  this  low  estimate  of  the  size  of 
the  average  harem.  The  '^timate  was  reached  by  ignoring  the  fa:'t 
that  never  more  than  half  the  cows  in  any  harem  are  present.  That 
the  killing  of  males  was  not  detrimental  is  dearly  enough  shown  by 
the  fact  that  for  at  least  twelve  years  subsequent  the  full  quota  was 
taken  without  injury  to  the  henl,  and  it  oidy  became  excessive  after 
the  breeding  herd  had  declined  under  pelagic  sealing. 


f 


APPENDIX. 


495 


Charles  Bryant,  1875:   Page  65. 

This  account  of  tlie  return  of  the  females,  and  the  period  between 
delivery  and  service  l»y  the  bull  is  essentially  itorrect.  I>iit  while  a 
certain  number  of  cows  are  cau<;iit  on  laiuliufjand  ai)i»roi)riated  by  the 
bulls,  tlie  j;reat  mass  of  them  s'.ij)  in  ([uietiy  and  take  tlieir  places  in 
the  harems  of  their  clioice,  Tlie  pup  is  born  from  a  few  hours  to  three 
days  after  landinfj,  and  the  cow  takes  tlie  bull  in  about  live  or  six  days 
more.  Aiiout  tlie  1st  of  Aufjust  tlu^  adult  bulls  leave  tiie  rookeries  to 
feed,  but  many  of  them  return  a^ain  to  sjiend  the  rest  of  the  season 
anions  tli(!  cows  and  piijis  in  their  old  places.  The  cojjiilation  at  sea 
here  referred  to  by  Mr.  Itryant  does  not  occur.  He  has  probably  mis- 
taken the  jilayin^'  of  the  seals  in  the  water  for  the  act  of  copulation. 

Chnrlcs  Bryant,  1875:  Pnge  66. 

In  makiuf;  the  statement  "hat  the  "  method  of  killiiifj  does  not  admit 
of  setting  apart  *  *  *  the  retiuisite  number  for  breeding  ])ur- 
poses,"  ()a|)tain  Uryant  overlooks  the  fact  that  there  were  inaccessii)Ie 
liaulin/;  {^rounds,  as  Otter  Island,  Hivutch  Hock,  Lagoon,  Zapadui 
Head,  etc.,  from  which  the  seals  could  not  be  driven,  and  which  were 
doubtless  tlu'n,  as  now,  nearly  adecpmte  to  sujjply  the  necessary  incre- 
ment of  breeding  bulla.  The  feeling  here  and  elsewhere  freely  expressed 
by  (laptaiu  I'.ryaiit  of  danger  in  land  killing  seems  not  to  have  been 
justilied  by  the  history  of  subsecpient  years. 

Chnrles  Bryant,  1875:  Page  67. 

Whatever  may  have  been  the  grounds  on  which  Captain  Bryan* 
l)ascd  his  belief  in  the  inadetiuatty  of  the  supply  of  breeding  bulls,  the 
subse([uent  history  of  the  herd  tlid  not  conlirm  it.  Had  there  been  the 
sear(!ity  of  male  life  here  noted,  it  must  have  eventually  showcl  itself 
in  a  diminution  of  killable  seals,  which  did  not  occur  within  ten  years 
at  least.  The  reduction  of  the  (piota  he  <;onteinplated  could  not  have 
alVected  the  herd  within  five  years,  as  it  would  require  this  period  for 
the  young  males  to  mature.  At  the  same  time,  Cai)tain  Bryant  notes 
an  increase  in  the  killable  seals  011  St.  George's  Island,  and  recommends 
an  increase  of  the  quota  by  one-third  (seep.  87;  see  also  Falconer's 
report,  ISTd,  p.  88). 

On  page  12  Captain  Jiryant  says,  in  1873,  that  after  taking  the  quota 
of  l(»0,0(i()  skins  "  tiiere  is  still  a  surplus  of  males  required  for  ))reeding 
purposes."'  JJe  had  alsohimself  recommended  the  increase  of  the  quota 
for  1874  from  lOO.OdO  to  l.')(),000.  In  view  of  these  and  other  contradic- 
t  ions  of  a  similar  sort  we  must  conclude  that  Captain  Bryant's  fears  were 
unfounded. 

Clrarlcs  Bryant,  1876:    Page  91. 

Mere  Captain  Bryant  gives  the  proportion  of  breeding  males  as  1  to 
17,  whereas,  in  his  ojjinicm,  it  should  bel  to  10.  As  we  know,  the  per- 
centage of  males  to  females  on  the  breeding  grotmds  averages  1  to  30 
to  <lay,  and  this  proportion  is  not  a  matter  of  necessity  but  of  natural 
adjustment.  For  every  bull  controlling  a  harem  to-day  there  is  an 
eiiually  capable  bull  which  can  not  get  any  cows. 

On  the  following  page  (!»li)  we  tind  that  notwithstanding  the  fact  that 
the  necessitj'  for  a  decrease  in  the  quota  to  80,000  is  urged,  at  the  same 
tiiiK!  it  is  asserted  that  among  "  tlie  young  nuiles  between  the  ages  of 
2  and  5  there  is  quite  a  visible  increase."    He  also  notes  through  all 


496 


APPENDIX. 


these  years  a  steady  increase  in  the  breeding  herd.  In  1876  he  says 
this  aninnnts  to  4  or  /i  per  cent.  This  of  itself  disproves  tlic  whole  con- 
tention of  scarcity  of  adult  males.  An  undue  absence  of  lualcK  would 
make  itself  felt  in  a  diminished  birth  rate,  and  this  in  turn  would  atl'ect 
the  breeding  females  as  a  class,  whi<!h  is  recruited  solely  by  the  acces- 
sion of  young  3-year-old  females  as  breeders. 


Charles  Bryant,  1876:   Vane  Q.^ 

It  is  here  intimated  that  the  diminution  of  the  quota  in  1873  for  St. 
George  Island  had  the  ertect  of  steadily  increasing  the  male  seals,  and 
<;onse(iuently  it  is  held  that  the  (juota  can  now  be  increased  again.  Noth- 
ing could  bo  more  absurd  than  this.  The  seals  saved  out  by  the  reduc- 
tion of  the  (piota  in  1.S73  could  now  be  no  more  than  (J  years  of  age, 
and  those  of  1871  and  187r>  still  younger;  none  were  then  of  breeding 
age.  The  reduction  of  the  quota  therefore  could  not  have  had  this 
etfect.  A  consideration  of  the  whole  matter  shows  that  Captain  Jiryant 
did  not  under.stiind  th«»  "inmmstances  fully,  and  finding  a  larger  pro- 
jiortion  of  females  to  males  than  he  had  made  up  his  mind  was  ])roi)er, 
l»e  decided  that  the  one  sex  was  increasing  and  the  other  diminishing. 
It  is  not  possible  for  us  to  decide  absolutely  what  was  the  fact,  but  it 
is  plain  from  the  history  of  the  herd  for  the  years  immediately  follow- 
ing that  Captain  Bryant's  fears  regarding  tlie  efl'ect  of  the  taking  of 
the  quota  of  100,000  skins  were  groundless. 

The  killing  of  males  could  do  no  barm  to  the  rookeries  so  long  as  the 
males  were  really  superfluous,  as  was  certaiidy  the  case  in  the  years  in 
question.  At  no  time  on  any  of  the  Pribilof  hauling  grounds  has  the 
killing  of  males  been  nearly  as  close  as  is  at  present  the  case  on  JJering 
Island,  yet  of  all  the  rookeries  of  the  Conunander  Islands  those  of 
Bering  Island  held  their  own  longest,  because  tlioy  were  the  last  to 
be  affected  by  pelagic  sealing.  While  actual  overkilling  of  nniles  might 
be  temporarily  disastrous,  there  is  no  evidence  that  its  suiiposed  evils 
have  ever  been  felt. 

There  is  not  the  slightest  reason  why  the  males  hauling  out  on  Otter 
Island  (referred  to  on  page  94)  should  not  have  been  included  in  the 
lease,  and  their  killing  by  raiders  had  or  could  have  only  the  effect 
which  similar  killing  on  the  hauling  grounds  of  St.  Paul  could  have, 
namely,  to  reduce  the  number  of  killable  (not  breeding)  seals. 

Charles  Bryant,  1877 :  Page  99. 

Mr.  Bryant  8upi)oses  that  many  pups  were  destroyed  by  the  storm  of 
October  30  and  31.  At  this  time  they  were  three  months  and  a  half  old, 
and  able  to  swim  well.  To  what  extent  drowning  in  storms  is  a  source 
of  loss  at  that  age  and  later,  has  not  yet  been  shown.  Among  the 
younger  pups  drowning  is  a  very  rare  accident. 

The  "considerable  loss  in  the  product  of  this  year"  which  Captain 
Bryant  anticipates,  did  not  occur,  as  the  killings  of  1879  and  1880  show. 
The  full  quota  was  obtained,  and  none  of  the  decrease  complained  of  in 
1875  and  1876  was  visible. 

Harrison  G.  Otis,  1879:  Page  120. 

According  to  Mr.  Otis  "many  of  the  natives  profess  to  believe  that 
the  seals  are  decreasing  in  numbers  on  St.  Paul  Island,"  and  this  fact  is 
ascribed  by  them  to  the  presence  of  the  steam  oil  works. 


APPKNDIX. 


497 


Tlicse  people  arc  uimltlo  t<»  K*'"<''''i'i>''«  '•>  Hiiy  efl'ftctive  degrt'o  mid 
their  opinions  on  Nncii  sultJcctH  arc  wliolly  valiu'lcss.  Tiic  most  intelli- 
gent niitive  on  kSt.  (leoij^e  assured  lis  tliat  tiie  seal  iieids  were  all 
I'ifllit,  beeauso  tlie  old  bulls  eaiiie  back  re^'ulaily  as  ever.  Mr.  Otis  was 
doubtless  li^'lit  in  thinking  Miat  this  notion  of  the  natives  was  witlioiit 
foundation.  It  may  iiave  been  an  echo  of  the  view  of  Captain  Ibyant 
in  the  years  preceding. 

llarriHiin  0.  Otift.  1880:  Page  130. 

We  Hud  here  the  tirst  distinct  refereiKU!  to  the  injury  of  the  herd  from 
pcla<;ic  hiiiitiiij;  and  of  the,  international  (|uestions  which  inij;iit  arise  in 
connection  with  it.  Mr.  Otis  notes  in  the  same  connection  that  the  catch 
of  l!SHO  "is  but  slif,ditly  below  last  year's  ti},niies  at  this  date,"  but  in 
ISSl  no  contraction  was  apparent,  while  he  lindsa  considerable  uipliis 
of  idle  bulls,  ''capable  bulls  who  have  been  elbowed  out  of  tiic  family 
circle." 

The  table  imblished  by  iMr.  Otis  (paj-e  14.'{)  shows  that  from  1871  to 
..381,  the  number  of  killable  seals  was  slowly  increasing. 

George  Wardm.-iii,  i8.S2  :  Pajje  lOjt. 

Mr.  Nicholas  Grebnitzky  as  (pioted  by  Mr.  Wardman  is  quite  ri<jlit 
in  rejectinj'thc  sugj^estion  "by  a  seientilic  writer  on  seal  life  that  it  is 
(|uite  possil)Ie  our  fur  seals  may  some  day  migrate  to  breeding  grounds 
on  the  Russian  side." 

Henry  A.  Oliddeii,  18M4:  Pnge  168. 

Mr.  Glidden  visited  St.  (Jeorge,  where  heascertained  "that  the  taking 
of  ir),0()()  seals  "  there  reduced  the  killable  seals  to  such  an  extent  as, 
in  his  opinion,  "to  endanger  the  seal  life." 

Doubtless  this  number  involved  an  over-killing,  iu  the  sense  of  an 
anticipation  of  the  next  year's  (juota.  Hut  there  is  no  probability  that 
the  killing  of  2-year  old  bacihclors  to  make  up  the  quota  of  .">  year  olds, 
had  then  or  at  any  later  time  reduced  the  number  of  males  to  a  i)oiiit 
of  danger  to  the  herd.  In  188.'{  IMr.  Tingle  notes  a  surplus  of  old  idle 
bulls  and  recommends  that  \,r>Oi)  on  St.  Paul  and  r)()(»  on  St.  George 
should  be  killed,  which  was  doubtless  a  wise  suggestion.  These 
recommemlations  are  interesting  in  view  of  the  statements  made  by 
Captain  Bryant  in  1875-70  about  the  elfect  of  killing  for  the  (juota  on 
the  herd. 

George  K.  Tingle,  1886:  Page  197. 

This  attempt  at  an  enumeration  of  the  seals  through  measurements 
of  the  acreage  of  the  rookeries  has  very  little  value.  It  is  not  likely  the 
iiKTcase  here  noted  since  1871-'  (on  Garbotch,  for  example,  from  3(i6,0()()  to 
7oO,Uo(>  scjuare  feet)  actually  took  place.  IVIr.  Elliott  in  1872  estimated 
2  stpiare  feet  for  each  seal,  or  ;{,\);j(),!)r)()  on  St.  Paul.  Mr.  Tingle  found 
a  number  of  square  feet  wliich  on  this  basis  would  give  5,148,500  seals, 
or  an  increase  in  fourteen  years  of  2,i;{7,550  animals.  Mr.  Tingle  thinks 
"the  sjtace  assigned  to  each  seal  by  Mr.  Elliott  is  not  large  enough, 
and  a  reduction  of  one-fourth  from  the  ligures  above  would  give  more 
nearly  correctly  the  suitual  number  of  seals  on  the  rookeries  ncmed." 
But  a  reduction  of  one-half  would  be  still  nearer.  The  fact  is  that  both 
estimates  r^,  esent  little  mon;  than  playing  with  ligures — the  sum  of  a 
series  of  estimates  multii»lied  by  an  assumption,  it  must  be  borne  in 
H.  Doc.  92 32 


498 


APPENDIT 


mind  that  this  increase  is  found  by  Mr.  Tingle  at  a  time  whon,  as  is  now 
well  known,  the  herd  was  already  declining  under  i)elagic  sealii'g. 

Mr.  Tingle  (p.  201)  is  doubtless  right  in  supposing  that  the  rookeries 
of  St.  George  liad  been  in  i«72  relatively  underrated  by  Mi:  Elliott. 

Mr.  Tingle  (p.  202)  estimates  a  loss  of  10  p^r  cent  of  'he  pups  before 
they  enter  the  water,  iriiis  estimate,  which  is  not  far  Trum  correct,  is, 
he  says,  "caused  by  bulls  in  preserving  rigid  discipline  *  *  *  in 
their  domestic  affairs."  The  discovery  that  most  of  chis  early  loss  is 
due  to  a  parasitic  worm  ( Uncinaria)  was  not  made  till  1897.  The  num- 
ber of  "pups  lost  by  being  washed  olf  the  rocks  by  the  siirf  before 
learning  to  swim"  is,  however,  relatively  very  small,  though  it  is  cer- 
tain that  not  more  than  half  the  pups  which  go  to  sea  return  as  year 
lings,  and  but  one-third  as  3-year  o'us. 

«ju  page  205  Mr.  Tingle  correctly  notws  that  tlie  slaughter  at  sea  will 
in  a  few  years  make  it  impossible  for  100,000  skins  to  be  taken  on  the 
islands  by  the  lessees. 

The  estimate  that  the  30,000  repoi-'cd  as  taken  at  sea  in  1 887  involved 
the  death  of  300,000  may  be  an  exjiggeration.  It  is  certain,  however, 
that  in  the  early  years  of  pelag'c  .oaling  the  number  lost  was  greater 
than  the  number  secured.  It  has  taken  time  for  hunters  to  learn  when 
to  shoot  the  swimming  seal,  and  what  size  of  shot  is  most  elective. 
The  loss  by  the  use  of  the  rittfi  was  especially  great. 

Ciiarles  J    Goff,  1890 :  Page  234. 

Mr.  Goflf  as&^gns  the  cause  of  the  rapid  decline  to  "indiscriminate 
slaughter  on  the  islands  regardless  of  the  future  life  of  the  breeding 
rookeries."  There  is,  in  our  judgment,  not  tlie  sl.ghtest  positive  evi- 
dence that  this  was  the  case.  The  excessively  close  killing  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  had  reduced  the  bachelor  herd,  but  we  see  no  reason  to 
believe  that  there  was  ever  a  lack  of  Butti(!ient  male  life  tx)  impregnate 
all  the  females.  The  fact  that  "  no  2-ycar  olds  of  average  size  were 
turned  awaj'  in  18!)0"  would  account  for  tlie  scarcity  of  3  year  r,Ms  In 
1891,  but  it  would  not  involve  a  ])aucity  of  10-year  old  males. 

It  is,  to  say  the  least,  doubtful  whether  any  one  could  "stand  on  Old 
John  Eock  and  count  10,000  (igliting  bulls."  If  that  number  ever  existed 
on  Garbotch  and  the  Keef,  no  one  c(-<'ld  possibly  have  approached  "Old 
John  Eock." 

There  is  no  doubt  that  a  great  decrease  in  the  number  of  breeding 
seals  as  well  as  of  killable  stnils  had  taken  phici.';  but  these  reductions 
were  due  to  different  causes:  The  reduction  of  breeding  seals  to  the 
killing  of  females  at  st »,  the  reduced  number  of  bachelors  to  tlie  killing 
of  the  natural  quota  01  1-year  olds  as  2  year  olds  the  year  preceding. 
The  reduced  number  of  breeding  seals  also  reduced  each  year  the 
number  of  pups  boru. 

Joseph  Hurray,  1890:  Page  136. 

The  fact  that  the  natives  on  St.  George  voted  that  "  the  seals  had 
diminished  and  would  diminish  from  yeav  to  year,  because  all  the  male 
seals  had  been  slaHglitere<l  without  allowing  any  to  grow  to  maturity 
for  use  on  the  breeding  grounds,''  has  very  little  viilue,  unless  it  is 
actually  shown  that  there  were  too  few  males  to  form  harems. 

It  is  also  not  clear  on  what  grounds  it  was  decided  that  "the  seals 
have  been  steadily  decreasing  since  1880." 


i 


I 


tl 


APPENDIX. 


499 


William  H.  Williams,  1891:  Page  273. 

Mr.  Williams  tiiul  liis  iissistauts  reached  the  conclusion,  t-ue  beyond 
all  qucstiou,  that  "  the  seals  were  decreasing  very  rai)id)y,  anu  that  the 
caii.se  of  tlieir  decrease  was  pelagic  or  deen-sea  hnuting."  -'  1  am  con- 
vinced,'' lie  says,  "  that  the  conclusion  arrived  at  is  the  correct  one,  and 
any  attempt  to  make  it  appear  to  be  due  to  otiier  causes  is  not  war- 
ranted by  the  facts." 

The  many  svii^sujuent  inve  >tigati()us  have  only  contirmed  this  just 
conclusion,  and  it  is  theossential  fact  iu  the  whole  fur  seal  controversy. 
It  is,  moreo^  ;',r,  one  wlii(;li  every  Uritisii  discussion  of  the  subject,  of 
whatevv  gi  ide,  has  nei^iistently  avoided. 

William  H.  Willinius,  1891:  I'age  275. 

The  dead  piii)s  seen  on  Tolstoi  rookery  in  Angust,  ^.s  shown  in  a  pho- 
tograph by  Mr.  (leorge  M.  Dawson,  for  a  copy  of  which  we  are  indebted 
to  Mr.  iMacouti.  were  undoubtedly  in  lar;ie  measure  killed  by  Unciuaria. 
But  many  wer    also  starved. 

It  is  unqueMionably  truo  that  every  pup  whose  mother  dies  before 
November  starves  to  death,  and  iu  X'm-a  year  i)elagic  sealing  was  carried 
on  without  limitation  as  to  time  in  Bering  Sea. 

Mr.  Williams  counted  1,UOO  grown  bulls  about  the  rookeries  without 
cows  iu  1891,  besides  hundreds  of  others  with  one  to  four  cows  each. 
This  observation,  with  others  of  similar  nature,  show  the  absurdity  of 
tliei'oiiteutio:^  that  any  part  of  the  decline  of  the  herd  is  due  to  the  lack 
of  male  life. 

This  fiict  is  furth(;r  limphasized  by  the  ttbservatious  of  Mr.  Murray, 
tl  1  assistant  <ij;c:U.  This  re])ort  of  Mr.  Williams  deserves  especial 
commendation  for  its  accuracy  and  sound  sense. 


Josepli  B.  C:   wlcy,  iS(>3:  Page  410. 

The  large  mimbei'  of  pups  drowned  o  1  Tolstoi  rookery  has  been  sev- 
eral times  !iote(l.  These  are  pups  killed  by  a  parasitic  worn  (?7ncm- 
aria)  breedin;.':  ia  infected  sands.  These  carcasses,  washi"!  from  the 
rookerii's  by  the  surf,  are  i)iled  up  on  the  sand  beaches  b<"  ond  Tolstoi 
aud  constitute  the  "  windrows ''  of  "  drowned  "  pui)S  so  often  8i)okeu  of. 

ilamlin,  1804:  Page  449. 

The  total  of  5,000,000  seals  'lere  assumed  as  on  the  islands  iu  18(i7  is 
based  upon  the  estimate  of  Ir.  Henrj  W.  Elliott,  made  in  1872,  of 
4,700,000.  This  estimate,  we  have  now  reason  to  believe,  was  a  greatly 
exaggerated  one.  The  actual  number  in  tliese  early  years  and  through- 
out the  j)eriod  until  ISS-l  probably  did  not  exceed  2,500,000,  including 
imiles,  females,  aud  youug,  and  was  probably  nearer  U,000,000. 

Hamlin,  1894:  Page  451. 

The  investigatio!!"*  of  1896  and  1807  shovA  that  there  is  a  considerable 
mortality  auu)ng  youn;;  pups  ju-ior  to  the  beginning  of  jx'lagic  sealing. 
These  early  devth"  a.e  <'ue  to  a  viriely  of  natural  and  (Uistomary 
f'.auses,  such  is  thei)arasitic  worm  Un<  i  tttria,  trami)liug,  drt<wning,  etc., 
which  are  doubtless  as  old  as  the  h<«d  itself.  A  certain  proportion  of 
these  early  dead  i)ii;;s  (of  which  11,000  were  counted  in  18!Ki)  ar  nee 
essarily  iiu'luded  in  the  count  of  lli,000  and  estimate  of  20,000  dead 
pujts  for  18U1,  which  are  here  ascribed  to  starvation.    At  th^  bame 


500 


APPENDIX. 


time,  however,  the  counts  on  which  this  estimate  is  based  were  made 
about  the  l.'Jth  of  September,  before  pelagic  sealing  had  ceased,  whereas 
tlie  (loatlis  from  starvation  continue  as  late  as  October  15,  or  nearly  a 
month  after  pelagic  sealing  closes,  this  time  being  required  for  pups  of 
that  age  to  starve.  The  estimate  of  20,000,  taken  at  its  full  value, 
therefore,  must  fall  below  the  actual  conditions.  From  the  pelagic 
catch  of  .'il,()00  for  1894  and  the  known  preponderance  of  females  which 
it  contained,  we  may  assume  that  fully  25,000  pups  starved  to  death  in 
that  season. 

Crowley,  iS(j4:  Page  460. 

What  has  been  said  in  the  preceding  note  (Hamlin,  p.  ^.51)  applies  with 
equal  force  here,  as  these  are  doubtless  the  data  on  which  the  former 
statement  was  made.  These  counts  include  pups  which  died  from  other 
causes  as  well  as  from  starvation,  but  at  the  same  time  they  fall  short 
of  the  actual  conditions,  because  they  were  made  before  half  the  period 
during  which  pelagic  sealing  acts  as  a  cause  of  death  was  over. 

Crowley,  1894:  Page  461. 

The  alternative  proposition  here  put  forward,  namely,  "the  immediate 
killing  of  every  seal  on  the  Pribilof  Islands,"  can  not  be  too  strongly 
condemned,  even  though  coming,  as  it  does,  from  an  olHcer  of  the 
(iovernment.  There  can  be  no  more  absurd  or  unworthy  method  of  set- 
tling the  fur-se.il  question  proposed  than  this.  Mr.  Crowley  has  feel- 
ingly and  justly  set  forth  the  evil  effects  of  pelagic  sealing  in  the 
slaughter  of  "  mother  seals  in  you!:g  or  in  milk,"  leaving  their  mother- 
less young,  "with  flattened  sides,  feeble  movements,  and  languid  cries," 
to  die  on  the  rookeries.  But  his  proposition  to  kill  off"  the  seals  would 
necessarily  involve  all  this  inhuman  waste  on  a  wholesale  scale  and 
lodge  the  odium  for  tt  for  all  time  on  the  Government  of  the  United 
States. 

lint  in  addition  to  all  this,  the  method  has  not  the  merit  of  being 
capable  of  attaining  the  end  sought.  It  would  not  be  possible  to  totally 
exterminate  the  ra(;e  of  animals  without  keeping  up  the  slaughter  for 
a  i)eriod  of  nian>  years,  as  all  the  animals  are  never  present  at  one  time 
nor  in  one  season.  A  hunted  remnant  must  remain,  which  if  left 
unmolested,  would  restock  the  rookeries  and  reopen  the  whole  question. 
Such  a  settlement  of  the  fur-seal  question  would  be  as  inetfective  as  it 
would  be  disgraceful.  It  should  be  remembered  that  diplomatic  dis- 
putes of  long  standing  can  not  be  settled  in  a  day,  and  the  fur-seal 
herd  under  protection  would  be  one  of  the  most  valuable  pieces  of 
])roperty  in  the  possession  of  any  nation. 

Crowley,  i8q.s:  Page  479. 

Tlie  estimate  of  27,000  starved  pups  for  1895  is  again  vitiated  by  the 
inclusion  of  a  (pertain  number  of  the  early  dead  pups,  as  already  noted 
in  connection  with  the  estimate  for  1894.  The  counts  here  given  are, 
however,  probably  more  complete  and  accurate,  as  they  were  made 
after  0''«nber  I.  IJut  this  still  left  a  subsequent  period  in  which  starva- 
ti<»n  acteii  as  a  cause  of  death,  and  the  lateness  of  the  count  doubtless 
involved  the  loss  of  many  of  the  early  ones  through  the  action  of  the 
elements  and  the  hunger  of  the  foxes.  We  can  not,  of  course,  say 
exactly  what  the  death  rate  from  starvation  was  in  1895,  but  it  was 
i.irge,  and  judging  from  the  increased  pelagic  catch  (44,000)  in  Jiering 
Sea  for  this  season,  we  may  assume  that  it  was  not  far  from  30,000. 


APPENDIX. 


501 


I 


Crowley,  i«<)5:  I'age  479. 

The  enumeration  of  breedinj;:  seals  liere  given  can  liave  only  tlie  value 
of  a  ])ers()iial  estimate.     No  details  aro  {jiven  as  to  how  it  wiis  obtained 
(.oinbiniiif'-  the  totals  for  the  two  islands  we  Inivf  !Ht,!«ti  bicedin'.-  vrvfi 
and  5,r).W  breeding  bulls.    The  nion-  carefully  and  ac(;uiately  worked 
out  <'ensu8  of  Mr.  V.  W.  True  lor  the  same  season  gave  only  70,-t2;5  cows 
and  4,402  bulls.     It  is  likely  that  True's  estimate  falls  boiow  the  facts 
because  oi    lie  early  date  at  whicii  it  was  made  as  well  as  because  he 
tailed  to  discover  that  not  more  than  half  the  cows  are  present  at  once 
Irom  our  better  understanding  of  the  conditions  of  18l)»>  and  1S!>7  we 
may  therefore  infer  that  the  a(  tual  number  of  breeding  seals  in  IS'Jo 
present  at  any  one  time,  lay  somewhere  between  these  two  estimates! 
Jint  both  of  these  estimate  were  made  under  a  misappreliension  of  the 
real  condition  of  rookery  life,  it  being  assun-ed  that  at  the  period  known 
as  the  <' height  of  the  season"  all,  or  prr>ctically  all,  the  animals  were 
present.    As  we  now  know,  even  at  the  dme  of  their  greatest  expansion, 
not  more  than  half  of  the  cows  are  on  the  rookeries  at  any  one  time  and' 
therefore,  in  considering  either  of  these  estimates,  they  must  a  ('least 
be  doubled. 


A 
A 
A 


INDEX, 


AccoimtH*.  Pago. 

Al.iHka  Conimprnial  C'oni))anv  with  I'liitfid  StatcB 110, 

121, 1 10,  U!»,  mi  m;,  171,  iho,  \h2,  \<m,  2i;t.  219 

Nativo,  transl'erroil  to  North  Ainoricaii  (y'diiiiiK'rcial  (^oinininy  by  AhiHka 

(-'oiiiiiKTciiil  ('oin))any .' 240,  2r)7 

Niitive,  nilli  Nortli  Americiiu  (.'((lumercial  ('oiii])aiiy 2r>S.  2!K),  ;tr>3 

Norti'  Americau  C'oniniercial  C<>iii])any  witli  tniti'd  ,Slat<'H 252 

Art  of, I  Illy  1,  l«7n,  restiiclions  u»  to  Hcaliiij; 32 

J,-  •  (if  .Inly  30,  1x70,  aiitlioriziiif;  It-aso  of  islamlw 93 

Atlum.-*,  'I'lioinaa  K.,  assiBtant  a^i'iit IIH,  488 

A<l(!li!  (iiiaraiidci) 171 

Adopt imi  of  orpliaiis 338 

Auf.  killaUlr',  of  Hi'alH 29 

A  Knits,  aiipiiiiitiiifiit  of,  defect  in 338 

An""t'<.  aMnist.iiit,  ri'iiortH  of: 

Adams,  TIioiimh  1 1 143, 488 

1  all  oner,  Saiinud 22,  111, ;(".  IK,  10,  53,  71.  8X,  193 

l,avii>d«  1,  A.  \V 2:10,  297, 363,  428 

l/HHrn.  FramiH i 47,50 

l,oiid,  A.  r 225 

M.Iiityrfi,  \V..1 76,80 

Mainlifistfr.  .F.  1' 227 

Moiiltoii..l.  II Oti.OS,  110.  113,131 

Miiirav,  .loH.'idi 236,  202, 3.')0,  :«il,  423,  4 13,  498 

N.  ttleton,  S.  K 2<>4, 311 

Wardmaii.  (i.oiKe 102 

y.i.lin.  li,  .1.1-; 465, 180 

A^iiuit*.  special.  n'pcutH  of: 

Aiiiswoifli.  I,i.!iit.  I).. I 416,423 

llrvaiit.  <  liarii'M 1.5,  21,  23,  30.  3.5,  30, 16,  .50,  61,  70.  72.  W,  00,  9S,  402-196 

Crowl.'v..!.  H 408,413,  456.  171,400,500,501 

I . Ill c . 1 1 ,  1 1 .  W 5 1 ,  83,  235 

(ill.ld.ii,  II.  A 1.51.  1.57.  167,497 

( Jotr.  (;.  .1 211.  228,  230, 498 

fllcl.cai;,  .lo'iii  T 5 

Morton,  .1    ,\I 102.  106, 1 13 

Otis,  11.  (; 114,116,12.5.  127.128,132,141,1.52.496,497 

Ifv.iii,  r.  V 183 

Hlaiil.-y- Urown,  .1 316 

Tiiiulf.  (irniiir  K 171 ,  17.5.  1H6.  lOH.  205, 206 

U  illlaiiis.  \V.  II 271,  287,  292,  :KX>,  301,  ;«)4,  307 

Aid  to  iiativc;H,  (lovt'rmncnt 307 

Aiii-»iii  til,  l.lfiit.  D.  ,1..  acting  Hpi.'cial  aKfiit 416,423 

AlaHka: 

('oiiditionHof  tra'K'  in 7 

{•iirHtal  of 449 

Land   laws 455 

Sulmrm  tislicrii  8 4.52 

8niiii.'«rnif{  of  liquor 453 

Iflldr  <if  flist.mcrs 448 

Alaska  (.'r)iiiiiii'!  .ial  Company: 

A<-c»'riiitn  of,  with  I'niti'd  States 110, 

121,  110.  140.  160,  ItMi,  171.  18(1,  1K2,  l!Mi,213,219 

"ciflemBnt  with  North  Amorican  Conniwrciiil  (.'onip;iny 230 

(.T'liiips  iiimUt  lease  as  to  tak ill;;  skins 126 

Earnings  of  natives,  distrilnitioii  nf 26!,,  262 

Labor-sa\  ill);  iniproveinents,  iittroductiou  of 45 

tiU3 


504 


'NDEX. 


Aliiskii  Coiiiniori'iiil  Coiiipimy — Contiiiin'il.  Pngo. 

Niitivo  m'('()iiiits  triiiiHl'civcd  in  Ndrtli  Aiiioriciiii  Ooiniin'ri'iiil  (!oiiii)iiiiy ....       2Ut 

Natives,  iiiiiiiiirr  nl'  (Ifiiliiif;  witii.  siitisr!i<ti)rv 172 

rrodiictioii  (if  (lil ' L'S,  lOS.  IIH.  l'-'.'> 

I'ropcitv  lit',  tiiiiisftiTcil  to  North  AiiiiTiinn  Coiinnrrciiil  ('i>iii|i:iiiv 'SM 

S.iils  t  ii'ken  by :«),  41,  101',  I'til,  L'OL',  :«r)-107 

Aleuts: 

(iiMrartriistiis  of 13 

('(iiitrart  with H 

LaniiiiaK"'  <>l' ifO 

AlCrcd  Adams  (iiiaiaiidcr) ii(r> 

AiiHTiiaii  Bcaliiifi  lli'i-t.  rati'li  of 2X7 

An]u"el  Dolly  (Ilia  I  aiidtr) 2(H 

Aiiiinals,  fm-licarili;; i'><i 

Anna  Heck  (nniiauclei) 201 

Aiii)olntni(nt  of  ajfi'nts,  dcfcit  in SIW 

Articles  made  of  puj)  skins  sold  liy  natives I'm 

Harness,  W.  H.,  lieutenant.  l{i' venue-Cutter  Servici^ lit 

Heaeli  masters,  deseription (m 

IJlaek  Dianionil  (luaraudei) 21(1 

nine  lox  skins,  eateli  of 411 

Blue  foxes: 

I'ur  of,  valuable 281 

Killing;  of,  should  be  restricted  or  proliibitcd 281,  299 

Monev  earncid  bv  natives  for  taking lliti 

Nunilier  taken  . '. II  I,  12(i,  128,  ir.S 

Starvation  of ITti 

I{orealis(niai;nulei) lilt),  IW7 

Hoys  as  sealers 157 

Hreedin^j  rookeries: 

I  )c8('ription  of 2i>   ".5 

Measurements  of 188,  197,  201 

Number  of  seals  on 18X,  201 

Hrowinji  (i|Uas) 23,  52,  HO,  105,  llil.  1 1(1,  322,  11 1,  131 

iJryant.  Charles,  sp.icial  agent. . .    15,  21,  23,  30,  35.  39,  4(i,  .50,  til,  70,  72.  X(i,  90.  !t8, 492-490 

iinrial  rites  of  imtives 208 

Buynit/ky.  S.N 18,31,492 

Carlisle, ,!,(;.,  .Sec^'ctarv  of  tlie  'I'reaHurv,  instruetions    4.55 

Census  of  islands ' \.  43.  73,97,  K  i.  Ill,  133,145,  I (U.  1(57.  173,  187, 

200,  210,  228,  253,  25ti.  281,  298, 31,5,  3.54,  357,  421,  430,  441, 4(i2,  4&I,  481,  485 

Characteristics  ol'se.ils 53 

Characterisliis,  ))liysieal.  of  natives  liO 

Cit.v  of  San  |)ie(j;o  (  marauder) 188 

Civil  atl'aiis  of  natives ()7 

Civilization,  deffree  of 22 

Challenge  (marauder) 204, 310, 337 

Cliureh  funds,  return  of,  to  natives 309,  331 

Church,  (ireek : 

Opposed  to  Knjilisli  laiifjuaue 280 

licjinlalioiis  of  inarriaK« 200,  280 

Kitual   309,  331,  Ulil 

(lark.  (ieorKcArcliibiild |!)1 

Closed  season,  jiropositiori  for,  absunl 274 

Clothinj;  of  natives,  skins  used  for,  limited 129 

Cod  fisheries 10 

Consum|)lioii,  cause  of  mortality  amonjr  adults 1X7 

Cows,  seal,  decrease  of 270 

Criticism  of  Charles  Itryant's  rejiorts 83 

Crime,  no  ])rovision  for  punish iufi; 24 

Crowley.  .».  |{.,si)eeial  agent 408,  443.  45(i,  474,  199 

(,'ustonis  and  habits  of  natives (!0,  3(il 

Cutters,  revenue,  services  of,  needed 89 

Cygnet  (mar.iuder) 74-7t!,  8« 

Dawson,  (ieorge  .M.,  letter  to  siiccial  agent 304 

Diseases,  intlaminatorv,  prevalence  of 20 

Distances,  taldc  of...". 448 

]>olpliin  (marauder) 204 

Drainage  and  water 237,  420 

99 


Drives  for  food,  lirst 

Diiviug  and  itseliecta 319,459,478 


INDEX. 


505 


PaRo. 
2l!» 
172 

H.  1 '.'.') 

2;u 

15-107 

13 

K 
20 
205 
2><7 
201 
45H 
201 

sas 

155 

i;t 

(>5 
210 
411 

281 
81.299 

IKti 
28,  158 

170 

110,  :W7 

1.57 


.       280 
200,  280 
i:tl,  3C.1 
101 
274 
129 
10 
.        187 
.       270 
811 
21 
174,  199 
,  (iO, ;!(!! 
89 
r4-7f.,  88 
:i04 
20 
.       448 
204 
L'37,  I2ti 
99 
459,  478 


Dniiiki'imrsB  ninoiii;  nntivpR 24,  ,17, 1 10,  414 

KiiniiiiK's.  iiiitivi',  division  nf 1:1,08,119.  134,  140,158,  159, 

2L'l.  2;!(i.  251.  2.58,  201.  202.  288.  289,  351.  352. 410,  435,  471,  472,  177,  489,  490 

Klliott,  H.  W.,  Hpoci.il  iiiiiiiit 51,83,235 

]'',iii])l(iytilriit  iiii(l  lii:iiiitt:il;ili(M^  ot'lintives 329 

Kii>'liHli  l:iii};iian<'   <Jicek  Chmrli  ii|)|k)hi'<1  to 280 

KxliMctM  IVoiii  Clmilfs  111- villi t's  n^porlH  84 

nilfoinr,  .><iiiiiuel,  iissistant  iiKilit 22,  31,  37,  48,  49,  53,  71.  88,  493 

Fooil : 

I'riccs  of 321 

.Stii|ili'  articles  of 21 

Statistics  (if  seals  taken  for 143,1.53,201-202,477 

Food  of  seals .59 

Kipstir,  Cliarli's,  Scc^rctarv  of  the  Troasnrv,  instriictionM 207,282,285,311 

Fox  killing ■ '. 335 

Foxt's,  liliii' : 

Fur  of.  valnalile 281 

Killing;  of,  slioiilil  lie  restricted  or  ]iroliitiited 281,  299 

N mill ler  taken  and  money  o.irned  liy  iiiitives 420,  430,  458 

fSt,ii\  alion  of 470 

Fuel  sniiiil V 307,  32,3,  4,57 

Fund,  oil  .'. 148,  158 

Funds,  so-called  cliiireli,  distriliution  of,  to  nativoK 309,  331 

Fnr-liearin;,'  animals,  closoil  ..eason  snirfristcd 4.54 

Fnr-licarinji'  animals  of  the  I'ribilof  Islands 453 

Fur  of  111  lie  foxes  valiialde 281 

Fur  of  seals 57 

Fur  seal  life,  condition  of .' 132,142,  107 

Fiirsealof  Alasl.a  449 

Fur-seal  skin.s,  reeei|itH  and  invoices 151 

Fur-.seal  trade,  statistics  of 5 

Fiiriiitiire  for  (iovcriiiiient  lioiisos 475 

(iaf;e,  L.  ,1..  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 1 

(ieonraiihioal  situatiiiu  of  St.  (ieorge .54 

(Jlidden.  II.  A.,  special  agon  I 1.51.1.57,  iil-l,  107,  497 

( ;oir,  ('.  .1.,  sjiecial  af,'eiit 214,  228,  230,  498 

<io\eriiiiient  aid  to  natives 307,  443 

(Joveruinciit  Iiouses; 

Furniture  for 475 

.laiiilors  I'or 310 

(iovernineiit  inaii.ifjeiiient  iiot  respousililo  for  decrease  of  herds 319 

({race  (inaraiidcr) 204 

(irelinitzky.  Nieholas.  luaiiagoc  of  Hiissian  seal  islands 102 

(ireek  Cliiirch: 

('urate,  permission  to  locate  on  St.  (Jeoige 46 

Ojiposed  to  i;iiglisli  laii;iMa';n 280 

Kejinlationsof  inarriacd 200.280 

l{e<;iiIatioii»  ]iroiiiote  imuioralitv 3.33 

Kit  mil ". 309.331,301 

(J rounds,  luceiliiig,  descriiition 29,5.5 

(iiiards.  marine,  to  prevent  raids 476 

Ilaliitations 20,20,37,73,  119 

Ilaliits  and  customs  of  natives (50,  301 

llaliits  of  Seals 4,  40,  54,50,(55 

Hall.  Hnos  T..  assistant  agent 443 

II  ami  ill,  Charles  S.,  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 1 18,  499 

Harems,  si/o  of 133 

Hauling  grounds,  description (16 

Herds,  cause  of  decrease 273 

Hogg,  .loliii 6 

Home  of  seals 59 

Howard,  Capt.  W .  A 3, 491 

IdleiKiss,  enforced,  detriniciital  to  natives 1.59 

Improvinents,  lalior-saving.  iiitrodiiction  of 45 

Iiii)iroveiiients  on  islands 4.56 

Incre.ase  or  decrease  of  seal  life,  qiiestiou  of 142 

Iiillueii/a  upidi'iiiic 292 

Instructions  to  assistant  agents 30,  40,  70 

Intoxicating  liiiuurs  and  i|uas 414 


506 


INDEX. 


I'llilO. 

Janitors  for  rcovornniPiit  liouson ;U() 

Jordiin   David  8tarr 4<U 

.lontaii,  K.  t'.,  insjiwctor  of  ciiHtoiiiH 1 1,  1112 

.did^ti',  .lauicB,  iiNsistant  agciil   iHS 

Kottliujii.  llirain.  jr 1.  ".,  lill,  l!>L' 

Killfi,  thu 12,  r>!» 

Killinj;  f;romids.  new 47H 

KiilinK  sealK.  manner  of lit,  5S 

Land  lawn,  AlaNliii l.". 

Lau^uano (10 

l^anjfMa^'c,  HuHHianand  l".n^tli«li.  native  cliildriMi  ignorant  <il 2;iti 

Lavender,  A.  W.,  ansintant  nj;eiit 'S'-'.K  L'HT,  I!(i;>,  42S 

Law  and  order,  enloreenient  ol' HIO 

Laws  and  'I'reasnry  reji;iilations,  |iiil>lication  of,  reronnncnded lot 

Laws,  land,  Alaska 4r>r» 

J.essen,  FraniMH,  asNiHtant  njjeiit 17,  50 

J^etter,  lirciilar,  to  ( ireek  orthodox  parishioners L'itl 

Ijiabilitics  to  native.H,  North  American  L'omuioieial  Company 24il 

Life,  male,  exeess  of 47!' 

Limitation  of  seal  eateli X2 

Lion;:,  sea 00 

Li(|nor,  8mnf;j;lin>;ol',  into  Alaska 151! 

Loleta  (marauder) Il'i,  11)^ 

l-ondon.  ])rinrii)al  market  lor  skins lit 

Lottie  I'airlield  (marauder) 2(1.") 

l^ottii)   L.  (maramloi) 2(14 

Loud,  A.  P.,  assistant  afj;ent 22") 

Lutz,  C.  A.,  ))liysieian 222 

Mclntyre,  IS.  (i.,  ajjimt  Alaska  ('ominercial  (  ompany.  do|)ositioii 75 

Melntyre,  IL  11.,  ajjent  AlaskaCommereial  Company,  ])oaehiM;;  Hchooners...         sit 

Mclntyre,  \V.  .1.,  assistant  aj-ent 7fi,  80 

McLean,  .hdm  T..  speeial  ajjent 5 

Maintenance  and  employment  of  natives 32!t 

Male  life,  ex<-ess  of 47!t 

Mamliestei'.  .1.  1'.,  assistant  ajjent 227 

Manner  oi'  takin;;  and  k'Uing  souls lit,  ,58 

Mannfaitnre  of  nil  IIS.  125 

Marauders: 

Boarding  of 188 

Catch  of 17(J 

Canso  of  late  landing  of  seals  on  rookeries .* 207 

Kviden<es  of  raids  by 1.")."),  184 

Protect  ion  of  rookeries  from 3 

L'eportson 173.  1H8 

Seizure  of 171,  l«!l,  2()3-2(Hi,  21().  310 

Marauding  v  'ssels.     (,Sr<'  Vessels,  maranding.) 

Marine  guards  to  ])r()vent  raids ._ 47(5 

Market  ior  skins: 

Deitressinn  in 164 

I'rincipal 19 

Marriages,  regulations  of  (Jreek  Chnrcli 200 

Mary  Kllen  (marander) 205 

Mat  tie  (marander) 21(> 

Measnreinents  of  rookeries ls'8.  Iil7,  201 

Meat,  preservation  of 322.  35!t 

Melovidov,  S.,  teai'her 4U5 

Miller,  .Icdm  1'.,  letter  to  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 9 

Mode  of  issning  jirovisions l(i 

Mode  of  taking  and  killing  seals lit,  .58 

Modus  Vivendi,  ]iroc1amation  of 2H2 

Monopoly,  desire  to  create 5 

Mortality  among  young  seals 66 

Mortality,  cause  of,  among  ailnlts 1H7 

.Morton,  J.  M.,  speeial  ageni  102,  lOli.  118 

Monltou,  .1.  IL,  assistant  agent 9ii,  its.  ^M),  li:i,  i:tl 

Miirrav,  .loseph,  assistant  agent 23(i,  2!t2.  3.".!t,  3(>l,  ,^,{,  1(3,  l!l« 

Native's (iO,  119 

.A(M'otint  with  CnitiMl  .States 12!l 

Acconuts  with  North  American  Commercial  Company 258,  2!l(t,  353 


i 


;iio 
11,  liw 

4X8 

IL',  59 
47S 

1!>,  5S 
I.V> 
(10 

2;!t; 

;<io 
ir.i 

ire, 

47,  50 
L'!H 
J  J!  I 
•17!» 

Si' 
0(1 

I5:i 

15,118 

HI 

2(15 

204 

225 

222 

75 

Mi) 

70,  80 

5 

3211 

■17!  I 


IS,  125 

188 

17(> 

207 

i5,  184 

3 

■3,  188 

(J.  310 

470 

164 
19 

200 

205 

210 

7,201 

2.  359 

4t!5 

9 

10 

I!»,  58 

282 


INDEX. 


no? 


Nntivt'H — Con  ti  lined.  P*Ko. 

Aliinii  of,  lit  (liiiiiiiiition  of  1ht(1h 239 

Aiti(.'l('s  mil  ill'  l(v,  sold  t(i  tiiidcrs 155,  229 

Hilii.-il   riles  i.t'.". 208 

Cniisti  of  iiioitulity  aiiKiii;;  iidiilts 187 

CliiUiw  'I'  manner  of  )iaymt)iil,  siii^jieHted 199 

Civil  iill'iiiiH  of 07 

Clotliihfi  of,  use  of  skliiH  for,  limited   129 

Kiiriiiims  of,  distriliiition 13,08,  119,  131.  140, 

15S,  |.-,9,  221,  251,  25M,  201,202,  2W,2.><9,  351,352,  110.  135,  171,477,489,490 

iJriMikeniiess 24 

Kiisy  to  lonlrol 205 

Eiiforeed  iilliiiess  detrimiiitiil  to 159 

ExponditineH  lor  snppoit  of 474 

(iiiml)linK I'"'!* 

(iovi  Tiimont  aid  to 307,  1 13 

Iliibi tatioiiH 20,  20,  37.  73,  119 

Hall  its,  ciistoins.  vtc 60.  301 

HarHli  tioiitmeiit  of,  liy  iissistiiiit  agent 79 

Iiii]>ioveiiu'nt  ill  loiiiljtioiis  of 20 

Laiij;niigo (io 

Miiiiitenanee  and  employment  of 329 

Memliers  of  (ireek  (!hiirrli 00 

Ocrn])ati()ii«  of 21 

I'liyHieal  rlinriutcri sties 00 

I'liysie.'il  eoiiilition.  improveiiieiit  in 450 

Protest  iiffiiinHt  nietliods  of  assistant  agent 09 

I'rotest  against  restrii^tioii  of  sealing 15 

Provisions  for 10 

Return  of  elinreh  funds  to 331 

Securing  money  from.  Iiy  false  prtstenses 280,  292 

.Stoves  for ■ 99 

Strike  of 147 

Snlisistenee  of 321 

Transfer  of  nionevs  of,  to  North  American  llouiniereial  Conipimv 231 

Nettlcton,  Mrs.  S.  K.,toaelier 313 

Nettleton,  S.  K..  iissistiint  agent 201,  311 

Neumann,  Kudolph,  agent  Alaska  Commercial  Coinpany,  permission  to  dispose 

of  food  skins  reqnesti'd 244 

Norlli  .Vniorican  Coiiiniercial  Company: 

Account  of  natives  transferred  to 249 

AecoiintB  with  natives 2!58,  290,  353 

Accounts  with  United  Stiites 252 

Agreement  with  Alaska  ConimerciMl  Company 230 

(Joiiiiiensntion  to  natives 320 

Compliance  with  re(]iiirenients  of  lease 431 

Lialiilitics  to  natives 249 

Property  of  Alaska  Commercial  Company  Tonsfcrred  to 23! 

Seizure  of  Hag 418,  423 

Widows  and  orphans  suiiported  hv 433 

Noyes,  L.  A.,  physician .' 313,437 

Ocean  Spray  (marauder) 89 

(Jfflcurs,  coustant  8upervi8i(Hi  of,  demanded 127 

Oil: 

Fund 148,158 

Manufacture  of 28,  108, 1 18,  125 

Wasto  of 51 

Orphans,  adoption  of 338 

Orphans  and  widows  supported  by  North  American  Commercial  Company 433 

Oriihans  at  Unalaska  sclioid 427,401,481 

Oriilians,  widows,  and  others  to  he  furiiisliod  food  and  clothing 434 

Otis,  II,  <t,,  special  agent 114.116,125,127,128,132,141.1.52,490,497 

Otter  Island : 

(iuard  over 141 

Location 74,93 

Not  included  in  lease !" 

Toiiography "1.  !_'•' 

Under  care  of  Treasury  .agent 1«"'^ 

Otter,  sea  : 

Prices  of  skins S.  12,  4o3 

Scarcity  of liil 


50H 


INDKX. 


I'ilU... 

OnhtigotV,  Zpp;ir,  dcpoHitioii 78 

OviTilrix  in;;,  reKiill>  of 17K 

I'liiiM  ri'>;iiliititmn  <lo  not  plot  ret  >v:\\n tISl 

Piitrol,  ](<«i  iod  of,  \>\  H'Miuu!  riittiTN IW7 

1'.  luKi'' citrli: 

isiiH-iwM ir.(i 

IMMd    1S!I1 Ilil 

I'oIm^Ii'  HI'Mlill^  . 

•  'iiiiHf  of  (liii.inntioii  of  liciilN 71,  L':il,L'7:t,  :.!t:..  :.".i7,  :ii!(,  1(11) 

K. Nil  Its  of I.M,  I7!l 

l'li,VNic;il  cImimc  ttiiHticH  of  ii:itiv('H (K) 

I'liysical  roiiilition  of  iiiitivcs,  iiii|H'i)\ciiii'iit  in 'lofj 

I'iiiitiis 1711 

I'onil,  (1.  1'.,  iili.\Mi<  i;iii |M(! 

I'opiilMlioii,  ('liisMifii'ulion  of !.'() 

I'owill,  (m'ov^'o  H.,  letter  to  s|n'<'iiil  a^clit ItOl 

rri'H<>rviition  of  meat IIL'2,  ;t5'J 

i'riliilof  Isliiiids.     {Sre  aho  i^t.  (ieoi'^re  I>l,in(l;  81.  I'miiI  Isliiiid): 

('at<ll  of  HeillH 114 

Condition  of  lookerien 17- 

Condilion  of  Hials  on 1(17,  l(>7,  118 

Knr-liearinj;  aniniaU  on loH 

Improvements  on 'Iod 

Meteor(iloj{i(iil IL'7 

Natives 51,(10,  mt 

Oil  prodnetioii '^H 

(^tniB  lircwinf; W 

Keicijits  and  invoices  of  skins 151 

l{()i>keiie8,  dead  ])n|jH  on 4(10 

Nchoola 4.">7 

Sea  otter,  Hearcity  of 4.">4 

Seal  oil,  waste  of 51 

Seals  takin  for  all  pnrposes  (1H7()-1H!)4) 44!t 

Vital  statistics ir.,".,  l.-)8.  17;i,2Hl 

Prices: 

Food 321 

I'Mi.  Rkins 129 

Sea-otter  skins S,  12,  45;{ 

I'rocdiiniatioii,  nioilns  vivendi 282 

Protest  a;{aiii!-i  lialdlity  to  sn|)i)ort  natives 431 

1 'rot est  liy  (i.  K.  'I'inj^lo  af;ainsl  |)rohil>itioii  of  mm  linn' 25'.( 

Protest  of  natives  aj^ainst  nietliods  of  assistant  ayeiit (>!t 

Protest  of  nativi's  against  restriction  of  sealinf; 15 

Provisions,  mode  of  issniufj 1(5 

I'lipB: 

Arti<les  niannfactnred  from  skins  of,  sold  l)y  natives 1,")5 

Characteristics 5(i 

Dead,  nnnilier  counted 2!  t7,  I  GO,  47!",  ISd,  481 

Skins  of,  not  coinniercially  valnalilo 128 

Skins,  ])rices  of 12!* 

Starving;  of 275 

I'seless  slan^'hter  of 229 

Wi'if{lit  of,  wlieu  born 5(» 

Quas  brewin;. 23,  .52, 60, 105,  131,  14(1.  322.  1 14,  431 

(Question  of  inoiease  or  decre.-ise  of  seal  life 142 

(^ilota.     ( .Sec  sliin|)lnfi;  receijits.) 

K.i ids  np..n  islands Ki(»,  310,  3.36 

Haynmnd,  (  apt.  ('.  W..  1  nited  States  Kngiiieers 12 

liecnll  of  Treasury  afjents 90 

Kecei])ts,  sliipjiinK.     (•**'"  Sliip))inn  roi'cijits. ) 

Heconnnendatioii  tor  government  of  islands 339 

Kegulatioiis: 

Absence  of,  an  embarriissment 317 

Greek  Chnreli,  promote  immorality 333 

Marriage 200, 280 

Paris,  do  not  ])rotect  seals 401 

Hejtorts,  Bryant's,  criticism  of 83 

Kepressivc  uieasnre.s  against  ([nas  brewing 134 


I.' 

i: 


i; 

s 

s 


F 


78 
ITS 

nil 
:i:t7 

l.V) 

nil 

I!),  itio 
M,  l"!» 

(;() 
.ir.(! 
I7:f 

ls(! 

T>,  :t;VJ 
lit 


■ir.ii 

liO,  I  li» 
28 

r>2 

151 

.tr>7 

a:<\ 

r.i 

4I!» 
71!,  281 

321 

129 

12,  153 

282 

434 

25!» 

(i!) 

1.-) 

U! 

155 
5(! 

,181 
128 
12it 
275 
229 
5(> 

,  131 
142 


339 

317 
333 

li(),28(» 
4t)l 
83 
134 


INDEX. 


mv.) 


K»iVtMlll«  CIlttlTH:  l''lt('' 

Moir  iM'cdcd  to  •jiiiinl  ifilunilH H9,  2ivi 

I'lTiriil  <(('  ))iitnil  liy 337 

l.'itiKil,  li'iiHMiiiu  Chmc'li,  triiiisliilii I' 309,  331,  3(U 

liooliciii'H: 

AnJvalH  oi  Mr.iU  till 314 

('nunc  iiC  late  laiulint;  of  sralN  on 207 

CiMiilitioii  ol' 97,  172.18(1,318,  Km 

Doail  |>iij>N  on 297,  1(«),  179,  180.  IHI 

McHiTiptioii  oC 29,  .55 

Dim  in  lit  ion  of  HcaU  on 235 

(iiianlinK  of 335,  425.  4t!l 

liivasion  of 75,  7(i 

.MiaMinciiiiMlHof 188,  197,201 

Misa|iiirfli<iiisi(iii  as  to  nanieH  of 3(15 

NiiiiiIk'I  of  soaJHdii   201 

I'oniiaiioiil  cliaiaitt'iiif 12 

I'rotcitioii  of,  frmii  inuraiidiTs 3 

IfiiHHiaii  Chunli  liliial 309,  331.  3(11 

K'vaii,  '1'.  1'".    special  a^ciit 1X3 

.Sailors,  wricked 30(» 

^St,  (H(ir(;c>  iMlaiid.      ( .S'<c  «/«((  I'riliilof  iNluiids) ; 

AciMniiit  of  United  .states  with  iiati\rs 429 

AlVaiis  on 80,88,9(5 

Itliic  foxHH,  niniilxii'  (akrii 128 

L'l'iisiis 97,  111.  119. 

133.  14.5,  Ii:i,  l(i7.  173,  187.200.  210,  2.50.  2S1,  298,  31,5,  3.57.  430,  441, 4(i4, 485 

Civiliz.'ition,  dtf^ircd  of 22 

Di'Strnction  nf  seals !((> 

Karuin^s,  dislribiitinn  of,  to  nalives 134, 

1 10.  159,  221.  23(i,  2.58,  202.  289,  352,  1 10,  130,  471,  478,  490 

Kx )  lend  it  lire  s  for  Hiii)]ii>rt  of  nalivus 474 

I'oiid.  Heals  taken  for 240,  2(12 

I'ipxes  taken 43(),  1.58 

Fuel  Miiii|dy 299.311.413 

(Jed^'rapliieal  sitiiation 54 

(ircek  eh II roll,  permission  Id  loeate  a  e urate  nn 4(5 

1  laid  tat  ioiiH 20.  2(i.  119 

Health  of  nalives 311 

Maraiiilei'H 155,  184 

MeteoroloKical 23,  31,  .54,81 

Native  ai  I  oiints  transferred  t(i  North  Aiuerieaii  ('Diiimerc  iai  ('oiii]iauy 2.57 

Nativeearninns,  disti  ilmtion  of,  liy  Alaska  ('oiiiniereiaU'oni|iany  ( 1M7()-|HK9)      2(>2 

Natives,  eoiidition  of HI 

Natives,  eondnet  of 312,  131 

Natives.  Iiealth  ot 311 

(/lias  lirewin^i 131 

h'ookeries,  condition  of.    97,  1 1 1 

Kookeries,  names  of 38 

Sanitary  conditions 327 

Sanilar.v  systoiii,  need  of 237 

School  statistics 22(i.  31 1,  430 

Se;iliiij{  seasons,  I lefji linings  of 218 

Seals  taken  liv  Alaska  Coinnienial  Coiniianv 2(52 

.Seals  taken  oii S,  22.  3*7.  18.  71.  110,  123,  131.  1.39.  101,  170.  181, 

182.  194,  212,  219,  243,  2IG,  201.  202,  2S5,  312.  319.  3,50,  305-107.  132.  470,  4M« 

Skins  shipped  from lOK,  117.132 

Siilisi.-tenee  <d'  natives 311 

'I'opojrraidiv  54 

Vital  statistics 23.  80,  97. 119, 173.  298,  437. 4f)5 

Water  siipp'\  237 

Widows,  orplians,  and  iiidi;:eiils 312 

St.  I'aiil  Island.     (Sir  (il:<u  rrildlof  Islands): 

Census 43.  73, 

101,  119.  133,  145,  104.  Kw.  173.  187,200,210,228,2.53,281,3.54,421.462.  \xl 

Karniu^s,  distril  ml  ion  of,  to  natives 43, 

50,  92,  101,  131,  lUi,  15S,  221,  23i;,  251.  2()1,  288.  351,  110,  435,  !'(.'  477,489 

Foxes,  number  kiHod  on :2(i,  458 

Fuel  supply 293,  413, 423 


510   • 


INDEX. 


St.  I'uiil  [Hliind— Contimii'd.  l'iiK«. 

(ii)voi'iiiiii'iit '. M 

I  lubit  lit  ions liO,  2ti,  1 1!» 

liiiliiHti'inl  Hclidol 2!M,  3ti2 

I II II urn /ii.  rpidi'iiiii'  of 21L' 

Miiniiinr.s 'Mt'2 

M.ition.loKicttI TJ.  KXi,  IL'T,  'JOH,  L'l>7,  L'  18 

Niitivti  uccciiintH  tr.iiiMfi'ncd  to  NortV  Ainuriciin  ('oiiinioiriiil  ('oiii|mii\ \i\\t 

NlltivcH  (<11H\  to  ronliol L'ti'i 

NiitivL'H,  o\|i(iii<liiiiicH  I'cir  Hii])|iort  of 171 

Niitivi'H,  |iliyNii';il  and  iimnil  condition  of lit) 

l'ii|(H  Ml  led  lor  lood l.'ij 

(^iiiis  lire  win)];,  iiliutruiont  of W't 

lio(d<irirs,  blvrdillK.. 172,  IMti,  \XH 

K'ookLMic's,  }j;niirdinj!;  of , •tL'.'i 

Sii  III  till  \  ronditioiiH 1127 

S.lionl L'1,  24,  II,  lil,  HM»,  101, 1.'27,  411'.  n>') 

Sell!  ^{loiiiids,  di'idoniltlu  condition  of liti'i 

Sea  I  inn  «''iisoiih,  iK^niiininjjH  (d' LM8 

Hials.  dead,  roiint  cd' 48 1 

Seals,  di'crcasc  of ;5(i(l,  121 

Seals  l:iki«n  liv  Alaska  ('oinmiTcial  C'omiiany 2(il 

Seals  taken  oil t!2,  121,  i;{7.  1 IH, 

170,  177,  l!tl,  210.  217,  2ll,21«.2()l,20r),2«4,:t47,3ri!»,:«i.-)-IO7,  132,  lt>8,  187 

Sexi'H,  dilleronee  in  niiinliur  of ;)(i2 

SkiiiN  .■<lii|(iM<l  from (>2.  108,  117,  132 

ViiMl  siiilisticH  (d' 21.  13,  119,  14.5. 173.  222,  2!t2,  122,  137,  18(J 

Walildion.ses 301 

Water  and  ilraina;,'e 327,  I2(> 

WeiKlitH  of  skins 417,  41!t 

Widipw.s  and  oi'iilians  siipiioi'ted  b,v  leHSces 434 

Willows,  or|)liiiiis,  and  otiiuis  fiiriiiNliod  vitli  food  and  idotliin^  liy  leM>eeM.       434 

Salmon  llslierios  of  Alaska 4.">2 

San  Diej^o  (inaiandor)   87,  8!t 

Sanilar.N  eoinlitioiis ■. 327 

Sanitarv  systein,  need  of 237 

Seliools'. . .' 24,  41M47, 3()!t,  334,  457 

Industrial 2!I4,  3t)2 

Lack  of  interest  in,  liy  pa  rents 101 

l.ittlo  inoyress  made  liy  nativ  i'  eliildren 231 

I'lialaska,  orphans  at 427.  H>4 

.Schooners,  poacliiii;j; 8!),  ll."> 

iSea  lions GO 

Sea  ottor : 

I'riccs  of  skins 12, 

Scarcity  id' 

S«al  eateli,  limitation  of 

Seal  cut(di,  pelagic : 

I8t)8-18y4 

18H()-18!I4 

Seal  Islands.     (Scedhn  I'rihilof  Islands): 

Absolute  control  by  (iipveriiiiieiit  reecimnieinlcd 

Act  <d'  .Inly  30,  1870,  anthori/.iU}r  lease  ol' 

Affairs  on 13, 

C'onsiis 

I'iot«etion  of 

Vc88.Im  touehiiiK  -'t 

.Seal  life: 

Authority  on 

Condi tioii  of 132, 142, 

(Question  of  increase  or  dccrcane 

Sealers : 

Arrangement  of,  in- classes 

Hoys  a-t 


( iovcrnmimt  aid  for 

Sealing;: 

Change  in  method  of, 

Operations 

I'elajiie.  cause  of  'limiiintiou  of  Heals 71,  234,  273,'2!l."),  2!)7,  31!), 

I'elagic,  resiiltH  'jf 451. 


453 
454 

82 

450 
4()1 

210 
!I3 
1 
438 
1.-.2 
135 

235 
1(17 
120 

43 
157 
443 

32 
132 
4(>0 
179 


S( 
H. 


Se; 
Sc: 
Se: 
Se> 
Sic 
Sit 
Si/ 
Shi 

Ski 


Sin 


iNi)i;x. 


11 


S0lllillj»  — (  OIltllMlod.  I'l'K'' 

I'icitofM  iiKiiiiiHt  ri'Ntrirtlon  ami  prohiliitiou  of 15,  LTiO 

SoiiHoiiH  ol,  lii'){iiiiiiu;;M L'lH 

Buiiling  lli'iit,  ciiti'li  of: 

Aiiii'rii'iiii 'JHl 

\  iitoiiu 286 

.ScaN: 

Art  of  .Inly  1,  1H7(1,  ri'Htrlctlnn  killing  of 32 

Am    '1  of,  nil  iiioki'i  i«H 314 

(,'iil'  li  liy  iii.inuKlciH 17(1 

IMiiiiai  ti'iiNlicn  of "ill 

('oiiiiiii'K'ial  r\ti'iiiiiiiiiti(iii  of,  iKiar  tit  liuiid l.'il 

Di'ii.l,  roiiiit  of 21t7,  l«0,  .I7!t.  mi  \x\ 

DccniiHK  of l.'!i,  27ti.  11' 1 

Di'licioiiiy  ill  rc'ltaili  chiHseH,  riiilsi'H  i>( 'Mi 

iN-parliim  ol',  liom  i-<liiii(lH Bit 

DuMii  iictiiiii  ol' 2()"i 

DiiiiiMiitioii  of,  iiy  )iulii-ii'  nnUiuif 71,  LMI,  27;i, -.'95, 1117,  lUit,  4G0 

IJiiinniiiion  oC,  on  inokoiioH 2H5 

Kxciss  ol'  iiialt)  lil'<> 179 

Food  of 59 

Fill  <>•'   .57 

<i'>vuriii>:(!nt  iniinn);oiiiciit.  not  ri'Sponsibiu  for  dt'cruiiHC  of 31!) 

II;     it-     • 1,  40, .")!,. -,tl,(i.-. 

Ilonif    f   r>!t 

K i ll.il.lr  lino  of 29 

Killing,  inilisrriiiiinii to 3 

Liii'Kr  iii'o|)oitiiin  killtMl  at  m-ii  lost 271 

Moili'  of  taking;  mill  killing 19,58 

Nil  111  I '<T  ai(tf|itc(l  by  Icssot's , 248 

N  mill  HI  taken  iit  kc  ii 450 

Nninlier  takrn  \>y  Alawkii  CoiiiiiiLTcial  Conipiiny I'lil,  2ti2,  305—107 

Nniiiliir  taken  liy  |it^la;;ii-  Hoalcr.s  .    461 

Nniiilirr  taken  for  all  imriioscs 3li5-4()7,  149 

Niiiiilicr  taken  for  all  |iiir|ioNi>H  by  Alaska  Coiiiiiiurcial  C'oiupiiiiy .'!t!5-4(l7 

Number  taken  on  iHlaiidH  (lH70-l'sH9) 2(i2 

I'liriH  regulations  do  not  protect 4(il 

rela;:;ie  sealiiifj;  eaiise  of  diniiniit.ioii  of 71,  231,  273,  l'!t5,  I'll",  319,  lUO 

Preservation  of  meal  of 322,359 

Qiii'Htioii  of  iniriaso  or  deeroast)  in  lierds 120 

Hajiid  diminution  of 232 

l{ei(iiesl  to  take  specimeiiN 241 

Kiile  noveriiiiif;  taking  of ,..         ,11 

Size  of .5;'^ 

Hpeeiiiiens  taken 47d 

SyNteiii  of  lejjal  protoctiou  admirable 129 

Time  <if  arrival  on  iHlaudM 5 

\Vei)rlil  of .55, .57 

Yoiin^.  death  of,  K^Vi't.  wlieii  absent  from  islaudH W> 

Season,  e limed,  iti'iipo.sition  for,  tvbHiird 274 

SeaHoii,  Btafiey.  duration  of 143 

.*«eaHoiis,  sealinj?,  beKiiiniiif^s  of 248 

SexcH,  dilferenee  in  ii limber  of 302 

Sierra  (iiiaraiider) 188 

Situation,  neojiiapliical,  of  iHlands 51 

Si/e  of  harems 133 

Shipiiin^  I'ci eiptH 33,  34.  47,  .52.  61,  82,  95.  98,  1 12, 1  Iti,  123, 

139,  1.50,  1,50,  106,  109, 175,  190,  206,  211,  225,  258,  286,  349,  3l>4,  412,  471, 488 
Skins: 

Fox,  arrniiKement  for  taking 335 

Market  for,  depression  in 104 

rrineipa!  narkot  for 19 

I 'lip,  arliel-  s  iniinMl'iietiired  from,  sold  by  nativoH 1.55 

I  Ml  p.  not  eommereially  valuable 128 

licceipts  and  invoices  of,  from  eiiHtoiiiH  rot  urns 151 

Sea  otter,  piiees 8,  12,4.53 

Sta};ey,  desciijition .'{5 

Tax  oil 173 

r.se  of,  for  clothing;,  limited 129 

Suiithsoniiin  Institiitioii,  collcctioii  of  specimens  for 232 


512 


INDEX. 


r. 
15:; 


Sinujrglinjr  of  liquor 45:i 

Spjiuliliii^j,  <>.  L.,  .AssiNtMiit  Sccrotiirv  of  the  Treasury,  iiiHtriictioiis 287,  ISO,'),  lit  I 

Spi'ciiiiciis  tiiki'ii nti 

Stagey  rejected  skins Ur> 

Stii^^ey  Ki'iiMPii,  (I  II  rat  inn  of 113 

Statcy  skins,  dcsirriptlon  of 3."i 

Still iley-Hrown,  .1.,  H|)eriiil  ajjenf ;Ufi 

Stiirvation  of  i)iiji.s 27."i 

St'itistics  of  seals  taken  for  all  purposes  ilnriiifr  leaso  nf  Aliiska  CoMiniercial 

I  'oni;>nny :fti.">-l(»7 

8v  itisties  of  seals  tiikeu  lor  food I'lJl,  2()'J 

Htoves,  coal,  for  ui'.tives jKi 

SulisisT.elice  of  natives '.VJl 

Tax  on  skins 17l{ 

Taylor,  Thomas,  coiiditi<ius  of  trade  in  Alaska 7 

Tie  lienor.  (ieoi';;e  ('.,  Assjstar.  t  ."^eeietary  of  *')('.  Treasury,  inslrnelions 24H 

Tinjflo,  (ieorn"  J^.  spec  iai  iijient ". 171,  17.\  IN(I,  IDS,  l'Ou,  L'Oli,  4!)7 

Tinj;le,  (it'orjfo  K.,  supmlntciiiUjiit  North  Aiiieilrau  ('lumiiercial  ('iniipaiiv  : 

Coal  snpjily  under  lea^ie  with  I'lii I «d  Slates 1 12 

Letter  to  spe-eial  a;;ein 21,"),  325 

Proposition  to  take  food  skins  to  (ill  i|iiota 214 

Protest  against  (■onij/any's  li.ihility  to  support  natives 4HI 

Prott^sl  a}!aiiiBt  prohihiliou  of  seal  in «; 25!t 

h'eii'iest  to  taltes|>ueiineii  seals 2il 

Sanitary  i;iij)i.-.\ements  on  islands 

Trade,  statisties  <if 

Treasury  aKunt,  Otter  Island  under  care  of 

Treasury  ajtents,  recall  of ...    

Treasury  .igents.     (.Vci  Aneiits.  a.ssislant  :  AijeiitN,  speeial. ) 

Troasnry  rognlatioiiii,  ahseiue  of,  an  eniliaiTasisuieul .'117 

Tie.tsurv  i-e^iilationH  ant.  laws,  piihlieatiou  of,  reeoniiMinded 151 

Tre"..,.iry,  Secretary  of 1, 1.7.1I.  2(i7,  21^..,  2><.'>,  :i41,  !.">.'> 

T.vones,  fuiictioua  of 71! 

I'nalaska: 

Location  of 21 

Orphans  at  s<diool  at 427,  ltil.4H4 

IJuited  States: 

.VccoHUts  of  .Mask  a  Coniniercial  Coin  pain  with 110, 

121.  110,  110.  'liO.  lti(),  171.  1.^0,  is:,,  I'.MI,  2i:i,  210 

Accountsof  North  .Vnieiiean  (  oniniercial  Coiupaiiy  with 2.52 

Valdiinir,  J5ishoi>.  i|Uesti<;iiaiiie  piaefices  of 280,  2!i2 

Vanderl.ilt    in.'irainler) ISS 

VcHse!.;,   iiarandin;; 1 14.  Ill 

Allele 174 

Alfic  I  Adams 205 

An^el  l>(dlv zo,>,  2fii) 

Anna  Iteek' 204 

Ulack  Diamond 2lt! 

liorealis ». :{10,:«7 

ChallenKo 201.  :!10.  ;t:?7 

City  of  San  Diego 18S 

Cvunet 74,  SS 

I  >'ol  phln 20 1 

Grace 204 

Loleta 118 

Lot  Mo  FairlieM 20.'i 

Lot t io  L 201 

M  ar  y  i:  1  Ion 205 

Mattie 21(1 

f )cejin  Spra V HO 

San  I Hejio . .' 87,  SO 

Sierra 18H 

Vanderhil t  MS 

v.  P.  .Sawyer 201 

Ve.wels  toiiehin^r  at  seal  idands IS.'i 

Victoria  sealing  liciit,  .at eh  of 2S(> 

Vital  statisties 21.23,  4:t.  SO,  !t7.  145.  1 7;«.  222,  •.112.  20S.  122.  437.  Jfi.'i,  ISli 

Voss,  ( itt.i,  physician 437 

VVurdiuau,  CJ..  assistuut  agent 102,  41t7 


Wa 

Wei 

Wei 

Wh 

W  i. 

Wi. 

\Vi|. 

W  il 

Wil 

W  il 

W.  1 

Wn 

/iel 

1 

H^n. 

453 

r,  :!05 

341 

47(i 

415 

•  • 

113 

" " 

:u6 

■•>  I 

275 

■M-^-> 

-107 

L'(il 

2tr.' 

!HI 

.. 

321 

173 

7 

213 

>,  L'oi; 

J!I7 

1 12 

215 

.  325 

214 

, , 

431 

25!t 

241 

•c.rt 

5 

152 

- 

110 

317 

151 

INDEX, 


Wntcr  and  ilr!iiiiji;;p 

\\'«'iulit  of  |iiijiN  when  l)orn 

\Vt'i;;ii(  oC  NciiN 

Widdw,.,  niiil  <n-|iliiiiis,  list  of 

'."i  lows  Hiid  oriiliiiiis  siipiiortcil  Iiy 
W  i<!.iuK,  or|pli:m.s,  niiil  iii(liK<'iits,  siipiilicH  CiirnislKMl 
\\  iilowH,  oiplKiiiH.  iiiiil  otliri-M  to  lie  liiriiislifd  lood  m 
Wil,.,-,  Scott,  Ailiiiij;  Srcn  t.iry  of  the  TrLMsurv.. 
\\  illiiiiiiH.  W.  II.,  s|if(iiil  n;r'.,'iit ". .. 

Wilson,  .loHltoh,   ill8|«'rlor  of  (llstoIMH 

^^  ''|<I< Williiwii,  S.cietar.v  ol  tliu  I  reasiiiy,  iiistri 

VV.  r.  .Snwyer  (iiiariiMder) .". 

W'ri'  kid  s'lloi'M 

ZifliMch  ,1.  1'..  ;>..islHt:iut  Jif-'i'iit 


to 
id  c 


let 


tliii 
7i,'2S 


l)y  1 
7,'2!i: 


eHsees 
.',  ;{(V), 


i()l. 


Jl  Doc,  itU- 


513 

I'll   . 

237.  12ii 

5(i 

.   55,  57 

324,326 

13:; 

;iJ5 

i::i 

147 

l!l!l 
'.t.  Id 
259 
204 
30ti 
tiS,  480 


,'iOl 


-W 


...  110, 
;,  213.21!> 
. . .  252 
.  280,2!;.' 
IMH 
.  114.  114 
...  174 
. . .       205 

. . .  204 
...  2l(i 
310.337 
1.310.337 
. . .  18S 
...  74,88 
.  . .  201 
...  204 
...  118 
. . .  205 
...  201 
. . .  205 
...  21(1 
8il 
...  «7,  8!» 
. . .       188 

M8 
. . .      201 

135 
. . .  2N(t 
7.  tt;5,  istj 
...  4;i7 
.    Itl2,  Ut? 


hkZ^ 


